M  BIRD'S-EYE  WIEW 


OF  CHICAGO 

O3sn_,"!r  BE 

BY  READING  REGULARLY 


YOU  CANNC'1'  ccn  Tun  ™"^DI  ™c  CAID 

SUCCESSFUl 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

WHAT    1  O  L 

LIBRARY 

Y 

U 

P         Class  Book  Volume 


YOU  CANNC 
BEST  ADVAF 


1     OC\^UI\C    rt    01  1  Urt  1 


UNLESS  YOU  CONSULT  THE 

"WANTS"  OF  THOSE  WHO  ADVERTISE. 

YOU  CANNOT  BE 

IN  THE  SWIM 

UNLESS  YOU  READ 

THE   CHICAGO  TRIBUNE. 


AN  INVITATION 


FROM 


THE  CHICAGO  HERALD 


AND  RESIDENTS  ARE  INVARIABLY 
INTERESTED  IN  SEEING  JUST 

HOW  A  GREAT  NEWSPAPER  is 

MADE,  AND  EVERY  FACILITY  IS 
CORDIALLY  GIVEN  THEM  BY 
THE  "HERALD."  .  .  .  ... 

FOR  DESCRIPTION  OF  THIS,  THE  MODEL  NEWSPAPER 
BUILDING  OF  THE  WORLD,  SEE  PAGE  423.  .  .  . 

ARE  WELCOME  AT  ANY  HOUR 
OF  ANY  DAY  OR  NIGHT,  AND  AS 

WTQ1     POP^    THERE   IS    NEITHER    LOCK    NOR 
V   IwJJ     1  V/1\O    KEY      TQ     JHE      BUILDING,      IT 

NEVER    CAN    BE   CLOSED.    .    . 

FOR  QARpFULLY  EXECUTED  HALF-TONE  PICTURES 
OF  TH£'f  HERALD"  BUILDING,  SEE  INDEX  TO  ILLUS- 
TRATIONS, THIS  VOLUME. 

THE  VISITORS'  GALLERY 

OVERLOOKS  THE  TEN  GREAT  PRESSES  ON  WHICH 
IS  PRINTED  THAT  GREATEST  OF  TWO-CENT  MET- 
ROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS, 

THE  CHICAGO  HERALD. 


TRAIHS  IH  AMERICA, 


BAL  TIM  ORE  &  OHIO  RAILROAD 


JVew  York,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore  and 


All  Trains  Vestibuled  from  End  to  End,  and  protected  by  Pullman's  Anti-Telescoping  Appliance, 

including  Baggage  Cars,  Day  Coaches,  Parlor  Cars  and  Sleepers. 
ALL  CARS  HEATED  BY  STEAM  AND  LIGHTED  BY  PINTSCH  CAS. 


THE  BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO  RAILROAD 


Maintains  a  Complete  Service 

of  Vestibuled  Express 

Trains  between 


New  York,  Cincinnati, 
St.  Louis  &  Chicago, 

EQUIPPED  WITH 

PULLMAN 

PALACE  SLEEPING  CARS 

Running  Through  Without  Change. 

ALL  B.  &  0.   TRAINS 

BETWEEN  THE 

EAST  AND  WEST 
RUN  VIA  WASHINGTON. 


\\V  t^**"'  PRINCIPAL   OFFICES  : 

5  211  Washington  Street,  Boston,  Mass.  Cor.  Wood  St.  and  Fifth  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

415  Broadway,  New  York.  Corner  4th  and  Vine  Streets,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Cor.  9th  and  Chestnut  Sts.,  PhilndPlphia,  Pa 
Cor.  BaltimoreandCalvertfits..  Baltimore,  Md. 
1351  Pennsylvania  Arenue,  Washington,  D,  C. 


T.    ODELL,  GENERAL  MANAGER. 


CHAS 


irk  Street,  Chicago,  111. 
105  Broadway,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
O.  SCULL,  GENERAL  PASSENGER  AGENT. 


BALTIMORE, 

ii 


For 
New  York, 

Boston, 
Mass. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Jamestown, 
N.Y. 

Chautauqua 
Lake,  N.  Y. 

Columbus,  0, 
and  all  other 
points 
on  the 
Erie  Lines. 


ERIE  LINES. 


Chicago  to  the  East. 

Solid  Vestibule  Trains  between 

CHICAGO  AND  NEW  YORK, 

With  Pullman  Sleeping,  Dining  and  Day  Coaches. 

Pullman  Buffet  Sleeping  Cars  to  Boston,  and 

Pullman  Sleeping  Cars  to  Ashland,  Ky.,  via  Columbus,  O., 

EVERY  DAY  IN  THE  YEAR. 

No  Change  of  Cars  on  any  Class  of  Tickets 
to  New  York. 


For  further  information,  call  on  or  address 


A.  M.  WARRELL, 
City  Pass,  and  Ticket  Agt., 

242  Clark  St.,  Chicago. 
D.  I.  ROBERTS, 

Gen'l  Pass.  Agt.,  New  York, 
iii 


F.  W.  BUSKIRK, 

Ass't  General  Passenger  Agent, 
Chicago. 
A.  M.  TUCKER, 
Gen'l  Manager,  Cleveland,  O. 


NEW  ROUTE 

NEW  TRAIN 

ELEGANT 

EQUIPMENT 


VIA  THE 


CENTRAL 

1.  C.  ^^^^  R.R. 

ROUTE. 


SOLID  TRAIN 


(ESTABLISHED    1830.) 


NORTHERN 

Assurance  Company, 

ABERDEEN.  LONDON. 


United  States  Department  Offices: 

BOSTON,  CHICAQO,  CINCINNATI, 

NEW     YORK,  SAN     FRANCISCO. 


Losses  paid  since  organization,       -   $35,000,000 
Losses  paid  in  United  States,          -       6,890,000 


Northwestern  Department : 

\VM.  3D.  CROOKK,   Manager, 

226  La  Salle  Street,  CHICAGO. 

Colorado,  Dakotas,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Michigan.  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Montana, 
Nebraska,  New  Mexico,  Wisconsin',  Wyoming. 


CHICAGO    OFFICE: 

153  LA  SALLE  STRKKT. 

TELEPHONE  1520, 

CHARLES  NELSON  BISHOP,  City  Manager. 


MARSHALLfiaD&G). 

STATE  AND  WASHINGTON  STREETS,  CHICAGO. 


Probably  of  more  importance  to  ladies  than  any  point  of  inter 
est  in  Chicago,  is  the  retail  house  of  MARSHALL  FIELD  &  Co.  Ratec 
as  it  is  among  the  largest  in  the  world,  it  is  by  far  the  most  com- 
plete and  most  handsomely  equipped  in  Chicago,  and  a  shopping 
headquarters  for  the  larger  portion  of  its  residents.  To  stranger! 
a  most  cordial  welcome  is  extended.  Waiting  Rooms,  Chech 
Rooms,  Retiring  Rooms,  and  all  possible  conveniences  are  offered  tc 
those  who  care  to  enjoy  them.  To  patrons  it  has  to  recommend  r 

Large  Stock  of  Dry  Goods,  etc. 
Low  (the  lowest)  Prices, 

and 
Absolute  Trustworthiness. 

vi 


\  WISCONSIN! 
'CENTRAL 

LJNE_S' 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC 

R.VILRCAO  CO. 
S-      LESSEE     -X 


RUN 

Fast  Trains  with  Pullman  Vestibuled 
Drawing  Room  Sleepers.  Dining  Cars 
and  Coaches  of  latest  design,  between 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
and  Minneapolis. 

Fast  Trains  with  Pullman  Vestibuled 
Drawing  Room  Sleepers,  Dining  Cars 
and  Coaches  of  latest  design,  between 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee  and  Ashland 
and  Duluth. 

Through  Pullman  Vestibuled 
Drawing  Room  and  Tourist  Sleepers 
via  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
between  Chicago  and  Portland,  Ore. 
and  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Convenient  Trains  to  and  from  East- 
ern, Western,  Northern  and  Central  Wis- 
consin points,  affording  unequalled  service 
to  and  from  Waukesha,  Fond  du  Lac, 
Oshkosh,  Neenah,  Menasha,  Chip- 
pewa  Falls,  Eau  Claire,  Hurley,  Wis., 
and  Ironwood  and  Bessemer,  Mich. 

For  tickets,  sleeping  car  reservations," 
time  tables  and  other  information  apply 
to  Agents  of  the  Line,  or  to  Ticket  Agents 
anywhere  in  the  United  States  or  Canada. 
8.  R.  AINSLIE,  Gen'l  Manager,  -  -  CHICAGO,  ILL 
J.  H.  HANNAFORD,  Gen'l  Traffic  Mgr.,  ST.  I'ADL,  MINN. 
H.  C.  BARLOW,  Traffic  Ipr.,  -  -  -  CHICAGO,  ILL, 
JA8.  C.  POND,  Gen'l  Paw'r  i  Tkt.  Agt. ,  CHICAGO,  ILL 


vil 


RICE  &  WHIT  ACRE  M'F'G  CO., 

Kngines,    Boilers, 

STEAM  PUMPS, 

PULLEYS,  SHAFTING, 

AND  HANGERS, 
AND 

HOT  WATER 
HEATING  APPARATUS. 
47  SOUTH  CANAL  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

ESTABLISHED    1857. 

J.  B.  CHAMBERS  *  CO., 

CLARK  AND  MADISON  STS. 

IMPORTERS. 

DIAMONDS,   RUBIES,  SAPPHIRES, 

PEARLS,  EMERALDS,  ETC.,  LOOSE,  SET  AND 
MOUNTED  TO  ORDER. 

^,25I^j5LTCHiE*S-    AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN. 

STERLING  SILVER  SOUVENIR  SPOONS. 

GOLD   AND   SILVER. 


DONOHUE &  HENNEBERRY 

PUBLISHERS, 

PRINTERS  find 

BINDERS. 


4O7  TO 


General  Offices,  ... 

Printing-  Department, 
Bindery,       ----- 
School  Stationery  and  Supplies, 
Publishing  and  Wholesale  Books, 
Subscription  Books       - 


STR&&T. 


6th  Floor. 

Gtli  and  Basement. 

5th,  7th  and  Sth  Floors. 

-  4th  Floor. 
3rd  Floor. 

-  2nd  Floor. 


OUR  FACILITIES  ARE  EQUAL  TO  ANY  EMERGENCY. 

ESTIMATES  CHEERFULLY  FURNISHED  ON  APPLICATION. 


55    U 

2    £ 
H    H 


S  «  .§ 

I  5  § 

U    H    J 
3    £     o7 

"S     l~l      eo     I** 

sMI 

S  •=>  u  S 


S   tn 


H  «e 


c  o  -S 
«  o  S 


.CHICAGO 


THE  MARVELOUS  CITY  OF  THE  WEST 
A  HISTORY,  AN  ENCYCLOPEDIA 

AND 

A  6U1D 

SEOOlsTID 

ILLUSTRATED 

1S33 


WRITTEN   AND  COMPILED  BY 

j. 


\ot  in  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  though  bathed  in  all  the  glorious 
colorings  of  Oriental  fancy,  is  there  a  tale  which  surpasses  in 
wonder  the  plain,  unvarnished  history  of  Chicago." 


NATIONAL  BOOK  AND  PICTURE  CO. 

167  AND  169  FIFTH  AVENUK 

CHICAGO 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress, 
BY  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  CO. 

(Joes  J.  FLINN,  President;  W.  S.  SHEPPARD, 

Secretary  and  Treasurer.) 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 


All  Rights  of  Translation  Reserved. 


J.    W.    rf.1-.OR,    PHOTO&BAPHE 


N 

>  TO 

THE  CHILDREN  OF  CHICAGO 
IN  GENERAL, 

AND  TO 

MY    OWN    LITTLE   CHILDREN 
X\  IN    PARTICULAR, 

WHO,    IF   THE    LORD   SPARES   THEM   UNTIL 

THEY     SHALL     HAVE     ATTAINED 
C< 
£  THE  ALLOTTED  SPAN  OF  LIFE, 

WILL    SEE   THIS   CITY 
£  THE   GREATEST   METROPOLIS   ON   THE   GLOBE, 

THIS    VOLUME 
IS    AFFECTIONATELY    DEDICATED 

BY 
THE   COMPILER. 


THIS    BOOK 
IS    DIVIDED  ^NTO    T^IVB    FVA.RTS. 


PART     I.          CHICAGO   AS    IT    WAS. 

PART    IT.  CHICAGO    AS    IT   IS. 

PART   III.  THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA. 

PART   IV.  THE    WORLD'S    COLOMBIAN    EXPOSITION. 

PART    V.  THE    GUIDE. 


LITHOGRAPHING  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES. 


FIRST-CLASS  WORK. 

NO  FANCY  PRICES. 

GIVE  US  A  TRIAL. 


LITHOGRAPHERS 


N.  w.  COR,  DEARBORN  &  HARRISON  STS. 
W.  B.  ORCUTT,  GEN-U  MGR. 


CHICAGO. 


BELDEN  F.  CULVER, 

O^T  COl^Tls^ISSIOiT  IltT 

REAL  ESTATE. 

PROPERTY    Of    NON-RESIDENTS    TAKEN    CHARGE    OF   AND  THEIR    INTER- 
ESTS   PROTECTED. 

CAREFUL      ATTENTION      GIVEN      TO     THE      PAYMENT     OF     TAXCS     AND 
SPECIAL      ASSESSMENTS' 

59   DEARBORN    ST.,   CHICAGO, 


ANDREW  DUNNING, 


92  La  Salle  Street, 


CHICAGO. 


ACRE    TRACTS    in    the   Northwest  Sections  of 
Chicago     for      Subdivision     and     Investment 

eft 

purposes. 

V  * 

IMPROVED     PROPERTY     paying     fixed    income 
on    gold   basis. 

CORRESPONDENCE    SOLICITED. 


MAPS  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


MAPS. 

Showing  the  City  of  Chicago  as  It  Is— Streets,  Boulevards,  Park  System,  Location 
of  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  Important  Points,  Industrial  Centers, 
Annexed  Suburbs,  Outlying  Territory,  Etc.  [Contained  in  "Pocket"  of 
back  cover.] 

Showing  Chicago  Sanitary  Drainage  District P%ge 

Showing  Burned  District  of  Chicago,  After  Great  Fire  of  October,  1871 Page 

Showing  Relative  Position  of  Chicago  with  Regard  to  Other  Principal  Cities  of 
the  World,  facing •  -  •  Page 


108 
400 


309 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing  Pago. 
Andrews,  A.  H.  &  Co.,  Sales  Rooms. . .  .'48 

Areiid's  Drug  Store 231 

Auburn  Park  Suburb,  View  in 27V 

Auditorium,  The  21 

Berwyn,  Railway  Station  at  ... 136 

Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  &  Co.,  Building. ...    72 
Chicago  has  arisen— Solace  in  Tribu- 
lation.   Frontispice 

Chicago  Opera  House,  Entrance  to. ..  805 
Chicago  Water  Pumping  Stations.  . . .  484 
Dai  y  News,The  Chicago,  Composition 

and  Press  Rooms 400 

Dale  &  Sempill's,  Interior  View  157 

Douglas  Monument  497 

Drexel  Fountain,  Washington  Park..  4."itl 

Eggleston  Suburb,  View  in  2M 

Ely.  The  Edward   C-).,  Interior  641 

Germania  Theater  Building .  . .  121 

Goodrich  Line  .Steamer  "Virginia".  .  441 
Gormuliy  &  Jeffery  Mfg.  Co.'s  Works.  208 

Grand  Central  Passenger  Station 469 

Grand  Opera  House,  interior  View. ..  3(14 

Grant  Locomotive  Works 104 

Grant  Statue,  Lincoln  Park 29 

Herald  Building 228 

Herald  Building,  Interior 236 

Hooley's  Theater,  Interior 149 

Indian  Group,  Lincoln  Park 57 

Inter-Ocean  Building 144 

Journal  and  Stock  Exchange  B'ld'gs..  433 
Keeley  Institute,  Business  Office,  Inte- 
rior      528 

Keeley  Institute,  Laboratory  &  Office 

Building    177 

Keeley  Institute,  Laboratory  Waiting 

Room    . .  241 

Keeley  Institute,  Taking  the  Treat- 
ment  328 

Keeley  Institute,  Waiting  for  the  Train  405 

KimballHall 505 

Kimball,  W.  W.  Co.,  Works  of 533 

Kimbark,  S.  D.  &  Co.'s  Building 313 


Facing  Pajre. 

La  Sal  le  Statue 85 

Libby  Prison  Museum 285 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  Retail  House. . .  272 

Masonic  Temple 113 

McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Co.'s 

Works 336 

Me  Vicker's  Theater,  Interior 06 

Michigan  Avenue  Block,  A 377 

Milwaukee  A  venue  State  BankB'ld'g.  520 
New  York  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.,  Chi- 
cago Office,  Interior 4*3 

Prairie  Avenue,  View  on  464 

Pullman,  Administration  Building  at.  264 

Pullman  Building 100 

Pullman,  Boulevard  in 4l»2 

Pullman,  Corliss  Engine  House  and 

Water  Tower  at  172 

Pullman,  Presbyterian  Church  at 569 

Relic  House,  near  Lincoln  Park 213 

Richardson,  M.  A .  &  Co 5.iO 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co.'s  Building  892 

Roseland  Suburb,  Bird's-eye  View  of..  428 
Sawyer  -  Goodman  Co.'s  Receiving 

Docks  249 

Scandia  Hall 4^7 

Siegel  Cooper  &  Co.'s  Establishment. .  420 

Skandinaven  Building  300 

Smyth,  The  John  M.  Building 349 

State  Street,  Looking  North  from 

Madison 584 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital 341 

St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum 80 

Temple,  The lf"> 

Tribune  Building 44 

Union  National  Bank,  Interior 108 

Union  Stock  Yards,  The  Exchange....  292 

Wellington  Hotel 93 

Wells-Fargo  Express  Office,  Interior.  49 
World's  Columbian  Exposition, 

Administration  Building 356 

World's  Columbian  Exposition,Bird's- 

eye  View  17 


ADVERTISERS  IN  THIS  BOOK. 


(For  Buyers'  Guide  Directory,  see  Adveitising  Pages  II,  III,  IV  and  V,  back  of  book.) 


FRONT  OF  BOOK. 

PAGE 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  ii 

Chambers,  J.  B.  &  Co  viii 

Culver,B.  F.  R'l  Est  ,opplnd  Book  Div. 
Dunning,  A.  (>i>|>.  I  n:l.  to  Maps  and  III. 
Duiming,And'w,R'l  Est.In.Opp.Gen  Ind 

Erie  Lines iii 

Field,  Marshall  &  Co  vi 

Herald,  The  Chicago i 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  iv 

Northern  Assurance  Company v 

Orcutt  Co.  The.  tith  opp.  this  page. 
Prabody,  Houghtelling  &  Co.  Inv.,  f.  p. 
Rice  &  whittacre  Manufacturing  Co.  ..viii 
Tribune,  The  Chicago.  Ins.  front  cover 

Wisconsin  Central  Lines,  The vi 

BACK  OF  BOOK. 

PAGE 

American  Trust  &  Savings  Bank,  The ii 

Andrews,  A.  H.  &  Co.,  F.  Beds  (card)    . .  iii 

Andrews,  A    H.  &  Co xxix 

'  Andrews,  Johnson  &  Co.,  Venti'ators * 

Art  Institute.  Art  Galleries  and  Schools. .  .ii 
Artingstall,  Samuel  G.,  Civil  Engineer.  ..iii 
Athenaeum,  Chi.,  "The  People's  College," 
Inside  of  back  cover 

Bank  of  Commerce ii 

Bent,  George  B Inside  of  back  cover 

Bogue  &  Co.,  Real  Estate  Agency x 

Brentdho'a,  Publishers,  Booksellers,  etc..iy 
Carpenter,  G.  B.  &  Co.,  Blocks  &  Pulleys.. ii 
Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  &  Co.,  Ship-Ch'd's  etc.iv 
Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  &  Co.,  Twines  &  Cord. . y 
Chicago  Cost.  &  Decorating  Co.,  Cost's.. iii 

C.,  M.&St.  P.  Railway xv 

Chicago  Rawhide  Mfg.  Co.,  The il 

Christy  &  Co.,  Engravers,  etc v 

Christian  Science  Pub.  Co.,  Pub iy 

Clarke,  B.  F.,  Morgan  Park  Property.,  .xxi 
Colliau,  Victor,  Hot  Blast  Cupola,  Dct.xx.i 
Columbia  Rubber  Works  Co.,  The  It.  G...iy 

Columbian  National  Bank ii 

Commercial  National  Bank ii 

Continental  National  Bank ..ii 

Dale  &  t'empill.  Chemists  &  Phar xxii 

Dayton,  Poole  &  Brown,  Patent 'A  tt'ys. .  .iy 
Dibblee,  The  Henry  Co.,  Ceramics  —  xxxiii 

Diinl'i'i',  J.  £  Co.,  Wood  Carpets,  etc y 

Dunlap,  11.  &  Co.,  Hats,  Caps  and  Furs. .  .iii 
Economist,  FiiiHii.  and  Com.  Weekly  Rev..i 

Edwards,  H.  J.  &  Son,  Carriages iii 

Eggk'Mon,  Mallette  &  Brownell,  R.  ES..XXVJ 
Electric  Merch'ise  Co.,  Elec.  R.  Supplies. .iii 

Everingham,  L.  &  Co.,  Grain  Com iji 

First  National  Bank  of  Chicago ii 

Fletcher,  D.  H.,  Patent  Lawyer iy 

Forsyth,  Jacob,  Whiting,  Ind.  (Map)...xvii 

Forsyth,  Jacob,  Whiting,  Ind xv'j! 

Fowler's  Expert  Opticians vii 

Garrison  M.,  Wood  Turnings v 

Giles  Bros.  &  Co . ,  Jewelers iy 

Goodrich  Trans.  Co.,  ''Goodrich  Line"..vi 

Gormully  &  Jeffery  Mfg.  Co vi 

Greenebaum  Sons,  Bankers xxv 


HACK  OF  BOOK.— Cont. 

PAGE. 

G  regg  Electric  Cure  Co  xxx 

Guarantee  Co.  of  North  America iii 

Gust  Knecht Mfg.  Co.,  Barbers' Supplies,  .ii 

fiutta  Pereha  Rubber  Mfg.  Co iv 

Hair,  J.  A.  &S.G.,  Real  Est.  and  Loans..xxx 

Hallowell  C.  H.  &  Co.,  Sign  Painters iv 

Hanson,  C.  H.,  Stencil  and  Stamp  Goods. . .  v 

Harris,  N.  W.  &  Co.,  Bankers ii 

Heuer,  Aug.  &  Sons,  Upholstery  Goods. . .  \ 

Hibernian  Banking  Association ii 

Hills,  Edwin  E.,  Mineral  Waters iv 

Illinois  Terra  Cotta  Lumber  Co i  i 

Jennings  Trust  Company,  The ii 

Kirstner  &  Co.,  Chus.,  Arch,  and  Eng..xxxii 
Koiii,  Kdson  &  i  o..  Wholesale  Milliners. ..x 
Kemper,  Alfred  C..  Steam  Pipe  Covering,  v 

Kiniball,  Geo.  F.,  Plate  Glass iv 

Knapp  \-  Stolkird,  Wholesale  Furniture. .  .v 
Kurt/.  BCOS.&  BuhrerLt  Gr.Ir'n  Cast  \sxxxi 

Lyons,  .las.  I.,  Art.  Limbs ii 

Magee  Fu rn .  Co . Furnaces  and  Ranges. . .  iii 

Maxwell.  S.  A.  &  Co.,  Wall  Paper v 

Merrick  Thread  Co.  Spool  Cotton  Mfrs  .v 
Mil.Ave.State  Bk.&  Safe  Dcp't  Vaults  xxiv 
Moore,  E.  IJ.  &('.>.,  Wood  ( 'arpets,  etc  . . . .  v 

Murray  &  Co.,  Tents,  Awnings,  etc v 

Murray  &  Co.,  Signs  of  all  Descriptions  .  .iv 

Murray  &  Co.,  Awnings,  Tents,  etc ii 

Mutual  Life  lng.Co.of  N.Y.,Ill.Gen. Agcy.ix 

N.-W.  Line,  The  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.Co xiv 

Peabody,  Houghtelling  &  Co.,  Inv.  (card)iii 

Peacock,  C.  D.,  Jeweler iii 

Peacock,  E.  P.,  Metal  Articles .  iv 

Phenix  Lumber  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wis..xxx 
Pjoneer  Buggy  Co.,  Columbus,  O —  xx  vii 
Plankinton  House,  Mil.,  A.  L.  Chase,  M.xix 

Post,  The  Chicago  Evening — xii 

Pratt  &  Ely,  Real  Estate  Agents j  i 

Relic  House,  The  Rtlics  of  the  G.  F. . .  xx  xi 
Rice  &  Whitacre  Mfg.  Co.,  Boilers  (card) .  ji 
l(ire\-  Whittacre  Mfg. Co.,  Engines  (card). iii 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co  ,  Paper  Boxes viii 

Sawyer,  Goodman  Co.,  Lumber  Mfg xiii 

Sharp  &  SThith,  Surgical  Instruments  ...v 
Shurly  Co.,  The  Watchmakers  &  Jewelers,  v 

Smit  i  Granite  Co.,  The  Monuments iy 

Standard  Guide  to  Chicago,  The xxviii 

Stevens  &  Co., Old  Coins  \-  Post.  Stamps.,  .iy 

Sweet,  Wallach  &  Co.,  Photo.  Goods vii 

Street  R.  R.&  Co.,  Dyestuffs iii 

Tate,  C.  L.,  Artificial  Limbs ii 

Tliavcr&  Jackson,  Stationery  Co v 

Tiffany  Press  Co.,  Pressed  Br:ck iv 

Trine,  Dr.  J.  G.,  Movement  Cure  Inst  ...iy 
Union  Electric  Works,  Electric  App —  iii 

Union  National  Bank  ......     xxiii 

Union  National  Back  of  Chicago,  (card)...ii 
Watson,  George  E.,  &  Co.,  Artists'  Sup —  ii 

Watson,  Little  &  Co.,  Coal iii 

Wolf&  IVriolat  Fur  Co.,  Furriers  ......  iii 

Wood  Bros.,  Com.  Mer.  U  S.  Yards  —  xxi 
Wyckoff,  sw-jmans  &  Benedict x  vi 


Peabody,  Houghteling  &  Co. 

No.  59  DEARBORN  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 


Loans  *P  Investments  on  Real  Estate  Security  exclusively. 


INVESTMENTS. 

CHICAGO  CITY  MORTGAGES  FOR  SALE. 

For  the  convenience  of  investors  we  carry  from  $200,000  to  $500,000  of  choice 
mortgages  at  all  times.  These  loans  are  made  by  us  after  careful  investigation 
of  the  titles,  the  value  of  the  securities  offered  and  responsibility  of  borrowers. 
In  transacting  a  business  of  over  $70,000,000,  no  title  approved  by  us  has  evei 
been  successfully  attacked. 

IN  ANY  AMOUNT. 

These  loans  vary  in  amount  from  $500  to  $50,000,  and  bear  from  5  per  cent, 
to  7  per  cent,  interest,  payable  semi-annually  at  our  office  or  at  such  place  as  investor 
may  elect.  The  standard  rate  on  ordinary  amounts,  say  $3,000  to  $10,000,  being 
6  per  cent.;  smaller  loans,  G%  per  cent,  and  7  per  cent.;  large  loans,  on  excep- 
tionally strong  security,  5  per  cent,  and  5J^  per  cent. 

AT  PAR  AND  ACCRUED   INTEREST. 

These  securities  are  'ready  for  delivery,  and  are  on  sale  at  par  and  accrued 
interest.  No  commission  is  charged  the  buyer,  the  income  named  being  net. 

INVESTORS'  INTERESTS  CARED  FOR  WITHOUT  CHARGE. 

We  collect  all  interest  and  remit  to  any  part  of  the  country  free  of  charge. 
We  see  that  all  insurance  policies  pledged  as  collateral  security  are  renewed  at 
expiration,  and  that  the  investor  is  protected  in  case  of  failure  on  the  part  of  the 
borrower  to  pay  taxes.  In  other  words,  we  act  as  financial  agents  for  the  investor 
without  charge.  Parties  buying  mortgages  securing  building  loans,  where  the 
buildings  are  not  fully  completed,  are  guaranteed  completion  free  of  mechanic's 
liens. 

PRINCIPAL  AND  INTEREST  PAYABLE  IN  GOLD. 


Real  Estate  Investments 


Sviite    23, 

92    La  ,Salle    Street 

CHICAOO. 


IF  you  desire  acre  property  in  Chicago  and  vicinity  for 
SUB-DIVISIONS,  MANUFACTURING  SITES  OR  INVESTMENT 
purposes,  where  prices  have  not  been  "boomed,"  where 
the  land  lies  from  25  to  100  feet  above  the  lake,  and  pos- 
sesses natural  beauties  unequaled  elsewhere  around 
Chicago,  and  where  improvements  n<3t  already  made  are 
being  pushed  in  every  direction,  send  for  list  of  acres  in 
NORTHWEST  sections,  controlled  EXCLUSIVELY  by  me. 

If  you  prefer  improved  property  paying  fixed  income 
on  gold  basis  for  long  term  of  years,  write  me  for  informa- 
tion. 

Correspondence  Solicited.      No  Trouble  to  Answer  Letters. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


AMUSEMENTS. 

Alhambra  Theater 116 

Auditorium  Theater  — 117 
Battle     of     Gettysburg- 
Panorama 120 

Casino 123 

Central  Music  Hall 120 

Character     of    Chicago 

.Theaters 116 

Chicago  Opera  House.  ..121 

Chicago  Theaters 116 

Chiekering  Music  Hall.  .123 

Columbia  Theater 122 

Concert  Halls,  Circuses, 

etc    .  128 

Criterian  Theater 122 

Epstean's  New  Dime  Mu- 
seum  122 

Freiburg's  Opera  House.122 

German  Theater 123 

Grand  Opera  House  — 123 
Halsted  Street  Op.  Hse . .  124 

Havlin's  Theater 124 

Haymarket  Theater  . .  .124 
H.  R.  Jacob's  Clark  Street 

Theater 126 

H.  R.  Jacob's  Academy. 125 

Hooley 's  Theater r>5 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  Mu- 
seums   128 

Libby  Prison  Museum.. 126 

Lyceum  Theater 126 

Madison  Street  Theater.  126 

Me Vicker's  Theater 1 27 

New  Windsor  Theater..  127 

Park  Theater 127 

People's  Theater 127 

Standard  Theater 126 

Theater  Buildings 116 

Theatrical  Architecture.116 
Timmerman  Opera  Hse.  127 
Waverly  Theater 128 

ARCHITECTURE. 

Character  of  Buildings  .128 
Cost  of  Steel  Building  .  131 

Inspection  of  Steel 132 

Magnificent  Buildings. . .  128 
Method  of  Construction.  129 

Notable  Examples 130 

Office  Buildings 129 

Steel  Construction 130 

Testing  Steel  Columns..  132 

ART. 

Art  Collections 136 

Art  Institute 133 

Art  Institute  Building.  .134 

Artists  in  Chicago 132 

Art  Museum 133 

Art  School  136 

Art  School,Admission  to  137 


ART— Continued. 

Art  School  Classes 136 

Art  School,  Terms 137 

Permanent  Art  Bldg  ...  133 
Popularity  of  Art  Inst.  .135 

Society  of  Artists 137 

Union  League  Art  Asso- 
ciation  138 

AUDITORIUM  BUILDING. 

Cost  of  Construction 138 

Cost  with  ground 138 

Dimensions 138 

Directory  and  Officers.  .139 

Enclosures   139 

Entrances 139 

History 139 

Investments    140 

Lobby 140 

Location  of 141 

Recital  Hall 141 

The  Auditorium 141 

Views  of  and  from 141 

BANKING  INSTITUT'S-NAT 

America 148 

American  Exchange 143 

Atlas M43 

Chemical 143 

Chicago 143 

Columbia 144 

Commercial 144 

Continental 144 

Drover's 145 

First 145 

First  of  Englewood 146 

Fort  Dearborn 146 

Globe 146 

Hide  and  Leather 146 

Home 147 

Illinois 148 

Lincoln 147 

Live  Stock 148 

Merchants 147 

Metropoltian 147 

Northwestern 149 

Oakland 149 

Prairie  State 149 

Republic 149 

Union 160 

BANKING    INSTITUTIONS  — 
STATE  AND  PRIVATE. 

Adolph  Loeb  &  Bro 150 

American  Trust  and  Sa- 
vings   IfiO 

Avenue  Savings 150 

Bank  of  Commerce 151 

Bank  of  Montreal 151 

Cahn  &  Strauss 151 

Central  Trust  &  Savings .  151 
Charles  Henrotin 151 


BANKING  INSTIT'NS-Con. 

Chicago    Trust   &   Sav- 
ings  151 

Corn  Exchange 151 

Dime  Savings 152 

E.  S.  Dreyer  &  Co 152 

Farmers'  Trust  Co 152 

Foreman  Bros 152 

Globe  Savings 152 

Greenebaum  Sons 152 

Guarantee  Co.  of  N.  A.  .162 
Hibernian  Bank'g  Asso- 
ciation   153 

Illinois  Trust  and  Sav- 
ings  153 

Industrial  Bank  153 

Internationale 154 

Meadowcroft  Bros 154 

Merchants'    Loan     and 

Trust 154 

Milwaukee  Ave.  State.  ..164 

Northern  Trust 155 

Peabody,    Houghtelling 

&Co 155 

Peterson  &  Bay 156 

Prairie  State  Savings 156 

Pullman  Loan  and  Sav- 
ings  156 

Slaughter,  A.  0.&Co.:..16a 

Schaffner  &  Co 157 

Security  Loan  and  Sav- 
ings  157 

State,  of  Chicago 157 

Union  Trust  Company.  157 
Western  Trust  and  Sav- 
ings   157 

CEMETEKIE8. 

Anshe  Maariv 158 

Austro-Hungarian 158 

Beth  Hamedrash 158 

B'nai  Abraham 168 

B'nai  Slalom 158 

Calvary 158 

Chebra  Gemilath 158 

Chebra  Kadisha 153 

Concordia 168 

Congregation  of  N.  S ....  158 

Forest  Home 158 

Free  Sons  of  Israel 159 

German  Lutheran 159 

Graceland     159 

Hebrew  Benevolent If 0 

Moses  Montefiore 160 

Mount  Greenwood 160 

Mount  Hope 160 

Mount  Olive 160 

Mount  Oiivet 160 

Oakwoods 160 

Ohavey  Scholom 160 

Rosehill 160 

Saint  Boniface 161 


11 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


CEMETERIES-Contlnued. 

Binai  Congregation  161 

Waldheim 161 

Zion  Congregation    161 

CHARITIES. 

Am.  Edu.  Aid  Asso 166 

Armour  Mission 167 

Asylums  and  Homes — 161 

Bureau  of  Justice  168 

Chari  table  Societies ...    165 
Charities,  Miscelianeous.165 
Chicago,    Free   Kinder- 
garten Association...  171 
Chicago  Home  for  Crip- 
pled Children 173 

Chicago    Nursery    and 

Half  Orphan  Asylum.  172 
Chicago  Orphan  Asylum. 172 

Chicago  Policlinic 172 

Chicago  Belief  and  Aid 

Society.  ...   ,.. 173 

Church  Home  for  Aged 

Persons 173 

Convalescents'  Home. . .  173 
Daily  News  Fresh  Air 

Fund  169 

Danish  Lutheran's  Or- 
phans' Home 174 

Day  Nurs's  &  Creches 163 

Erring  Woman's  Ref'ge.174 

Foundlings'  Home 175 

Free  Dispensaries 163 

Free  Employment  Bur- 
eaus   163 

Free  Nurses 163 

Ger.  Old  Peoples  Home.  179 
Good   Samaritan  Socie- 
ties   179 

Guardian  Angel  Orphan 

Asylum  1 79 

Hebrew  Charity  Asso. .  .179 

Helping  Hand,  The 179 

Holy    Family    Orphan 

Asylum 180 

Home  for  incurables 180 

Home  for  Self-Support- 
ing Women 181 

Home  for  the  Friendless.!  82 

Home  for  the  Jews 18i 

Home  for  Unemployed 

(iirls    182 

Home    for    Working 

Women 183 

Home  of  Industry 184 

Home  of  Providence 185 

Home  of  the  Aged  186 

Hospitals,  Free  &  Pay  . .  163 
House  of  the  Good  Shep- 
herd   186 

Hull  House 186 

Jewish  Charitable  Asso.  177 
Lake  Geneva  Fresh  Air 

Association 177 

Margaret  Etter  Chreche.186 
Masonic  Orphans'Home.187 
Miscellaneous  Charities.  165 


CHARITIES— Continued. 

Missions.  Charitable 165 

Newsboys'  &  bootblacks' 

Home  187 

Odd  Fellows  Orphans' 

Home 188 

Old  Peoples' Home 188 

Pioneer  Aid  &  Support 

Association  IPO 

Recognized  Charities...  161 
School  for  Deaf  &  Dumb.lW) 
Servite  Sisters  Industrial 

Home  for  Girls 190 

Soldiers'  Home  Fund. . .  .190 
St.  Joseph's  Asylum  for 

Boys 191 

St.  Ji  seph's  Female  Or- 
phan Asylum  191 

St.  Joseph's  Home 191 

St.  Joseph's  Providence 

Orphan  Asylum 192 

St.  Paul's  Home  for 

Newsboys 193 

Training  Schools  for 

Nurses 163 

IJhlich  Evangelical  Or- 
phan Asylum  193 

Waifs'  Mission 193 

Waifs'  Mission,  Training 

School 194 

Young  Ladies'  Charity 

Circle 194 

Young  Men's  Hebrew 

Charity  Association..  194 

CHRISTIAN  ORGANIZATIONS: 

Bible  Institute 195 

Central  W.  C.  T.  U.    of 

Chicago 195 

Chicago  Bible  Society. .  .196 
Christian  Endeavor  Soc.196 
National  W.  C.  T.  U. 

Headquarters  197 

Young  Men's  Christian 

Association 197 

Young  Men's  Christian 

Asso.  (Scandinavian)  ..199 
Young  Woman's  Christ- 
ian Association 199 

CHURCHES. 

Baptist  Churches 202 

Baptist  Missions 203 

Christian  Churches. . . . .  .201 

Churches    in    ante    fire 

days  200 

Churches,  Miscellane- 
ous   209 

Congrfgational  Chs 201 

Episcopal  (Reformed)  ...'.04 
Episcopa  1  (Reformed 

Missionary)   20"« 

Episcopal  Churches  .2U5 
Episcopal  Missions  and 

Chapels 205 

Evangelical  Asso.  of  N. 
A.  (German) 203 


CHUHCHES-ContlnnwI. 
Evangelical  Lut  h  e  r  a  n 

(English  Churches) ...  203 
Evan.  Lutheran  (Dan  )..203 
Evan.  Lutheran  (Ger.). .203 
Evan.  Lutheran  (Norw.)204 
Evan.  Lutheran  (Sepa- 
ratists  204 

Evan.  Lutheran  (Swed.).204 
Evangelical  (United)  . .  204 
Evan.  Lutheran  R  e- 

f ormed  204 

Free  Methodist  Chs  ....  205 
Independent  Churches.  .205 

Jewish  Synagogues SOS 

Location  of  leading  Chs. 200 
Methodist  Episcopal 

Churches 206 

Methodis t  Episcopal 

(African) 208 

Methodist  Episcopal 

(Bohemian) 206 

Methodist  Episcopal 

(German) 206 

Methodist  Episcopal 

(Norwegian) 207 

Methodist  Episcopal 

(Swedish) 207 

Popular  Ministers  and 

Preachers  201 

Presbyterian  Churches  .207 
Presbyter! an  Church 

(United) 208 

Presbyterian  Missions.. 207 
Roman  Catholic  Chs.. . .  208 
Swedenb  orgian(New 

Jerusalem) 209 

Unitarian  Churches  — 209 
Universalist  Churches.. 209 

CITY  GOVERNMENT. 

Aldermen,  Salaries 66 

CityCrk's  Office,  Salaries'  64 
City  Collector,  Salary...  66 
City  Collector's  Office. 

Salaries 64 

City  Fire  Dept.  (See  Fire 

Dept.) 48 

City    Hall    Minor    Em- 
ployes, Salaries 64 

Com.of  Pub.Wks., Salary  66 

Compt.,  Salary 6*5 

Corp.  Coun.,  Salary 66 

Cost  of  City  Gov.  1891 ..  53 
Disbursem't  of  City,  1891  53 

Eleemosynary  Inst 47 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge 

for  Reform 47 

Feed  Officers,  Salaries...  64 

Fire  Dept. .Salaries 64 

Firemen's  Pension  Fund  47 
General  Information, 
(see  "Municipal  Infor- 
mation")   49 

Gen.  Sup. of  Pol., Salary  66 
Health  Dept.,  Salaries  . .  65 
House  of  Good  Shepherd  47 


GENERAL   INDEX 


111 


CITY  GOYERNMENT-Cont'd. 

111.  Humane  Society —  47 
Institutions,  Partly  Sup- 
ported by  City 47 

Law  Dept.,  Salaries 65 

Map  Dept,  Salaries.         65 

Mnyor,  Salary 6« 

Mayor's  Assts.,  Salaries.  66 
Police  Court,  Salaries. . .  65 
Police  Dept.,  Salaries  ..  65 
Pub.W'ks  Deit.,Sal'ries  66 
Police  Pension  Fund —  47 

Pros.  Atty,  Salary 66 

Revenue  of  City  1891 ....  53 
Salaries  of  City  Officers.  «4 
Sew.  Dept.  Salaries.  ...  66 
Spec.  Ass.  Dept. Salaries  60 
Street  Dept.. Salaries  -..66 
Supt.of  City  Tel.,Salary  60 
Supt. of  St. Dept.,  Salary  66 
Tenement  House  and 
Factory  Inspection  . . .  54 

Treasurer's  Salary 6S 

Tel. Dept.  Salaries 66 

Washingtonian  Home  . .  47 

CIT¥  BAILWAY  SERVICE. 

Cable   Lines,   Manage- 
ment of 210 

Calumet  Electriu  Road.  .216 

Carette  Lines 217 

Character  of  Service  —  2 10 
Chicago  City  Ry.  Co.    .  .212 
Chi.  City  Ry.  Co.,  Busi- 
ness of  1891 212 

Chi.  City  Ry.Co.Offlcers.212 
Cicero&  Proviso  t-t  RdCo  217 
Equitable  Trans.  Co.  . .  218 

Increase  in  Traffic 211 

Lake  St.  Elevated  Rd...218 
Mil.  A v.  Elevated  Rd  ..219 

New  Electric  Road 219 

N.  Chicago  St.  Ry.  Co. .  .213 
N.  Chi.  St.  Rd.Co.  Finan- 
cial Condition  of. 213 

N.  Chi.  St  Rd  Co.,Officers  213 
Pay  of  Cable  Employes  .211 
Randolph  St.Elevat'dRd  219 

So.  End  Electric  Ry 219 

So.  Side  Alley  '  L"  Hd. .  .219 

Steam  Rd  Service 211 

Wab.  Av.  Sub-Ky  Tr  Co.220 
W.  Chicago  St.  Kd.  Co.. 214 
W.  Chicago  St  Rd.  Co.. 

Business  of  1891. .  214 

W.  Chi.  St.  Rd  Co.,  Madi- 

soii  St.  Line 214 

W.  Chi.  St.  Rd  Co.,  Mil . 

Av.  Line 215 

W.Chi.  St.RdCo.,Miscel210 
W.Chi.  St.  Rd.Co.,  New 

Cars  and  Extensions. .  .215 
W.  Chi.  St.  Rd.  Co. ,  New 

Tun'l  and  Cable  Serv..215 
W.Chi.St.Rd.Co.,Officers210 
W.  Chi.  St.  Rd.  Co.,  the 
Tunnel  Loop 215 


CLIMATE. 

Average     Rainfall     in 

Chicago 39 

Excessive  Rainfalls 40 

Extremes  of  Heat  and 

Cold 39 

Highest  Mean  Tempera- 
ture   39 

Lowest  Mean  Tempera- 
ture    ...  39 

Maximum  Rainfall 39 

Mean  Annual  Humidity,  39 
Mean  Annual  Precipita- 
tion   39 

Mean  Annual  Tempera- 
ture     39 

Mean  Temperature  1891,  39 
U.  S.  Signal  Office  Re- 
ports   39 

CLUBS— ATHLETIC,  SPOUT- 
ING, ETC. 

Athletic  Club  Houses  .  .220 

Base  Ball  Clubs 2H 

Boat  &  Yacht  Clubs  . . .  .221 
Chicago  Athletic  Asso . .  .222 
Chicago  Curling  Club.    223 
Chicago  Fencing  &  Box- 
ing Club  224 

Cricket  Clubs 224 

Cycling  Clubs 224 

Hand  Ball  Courts .V  225 

Horse  Associations  — 226 
Hunting,  Fishing  &  Gun 

Clubs 221 

Indoor  Base  Ball  Clubs.. 227 

Tennis  Clubs ...228 

Union  Athletic  Club  . .  228 
Western  Asso.  of   Base 
Ball  Clubs 228 

CLUBS-GENTLEMEN'S   AND 
SOCIAL. 

Acacia  Club 228 

Areolus  Club 228 

Apollo  Club 228 

ArgoClub 228 

Ashland  Club 229 

Bankers'  Club 229 

Bi-Chlorideof  Gold  Club 

of  Chicago 229 

Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club 

ofDwight 229 

Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club 

of  the  World 230 

Bon  Ami  Club  of  Wil- 

mette  230 

Calumet  Club 230 

CarletonClub 231 

Chicago  Club 231 

Chicago  Electric  Club.. 231 
Chicago  Women's  Club. 231 

Church  Club 232 

Clarendon  Club 233 

Commercial  Club 233 


CLUBS— Continued. 

Conference      Club      of 

Evanston 233 

Congregational  Club. . .  2J3 
Cosmopolitan  Club  of 

Evanston 233 

Dearborn  Club...  2*1 

Dinner  Clubs 233 

Douglas  Club 233 

Douglas  Park  Club 234 

Elks  Club 234 

Evanston  Club. .  234 

Evanston  Country  Club.234 

Fellowship  Club 235 

Foreign  Book  Club 235 

FortyCiub 231) 

Fortnightly  Club 235 

Germania  Club  236 

German  Press  Club  ...  236 
Girls'  Mutual  Benefit 

Club 236 

Grant  Club 236 

Hamilton  Club 237 

Harvard  Club 2.>7 

Harvard  University  Clb.237 

Hyde  Park  Club 237 

Ideal  Club 238 

Idlewild  Clb  of  Evanston238 

Illinois  Club 238 

IndianaClub 238 

Irish-American  Club — 239 

IroquisClub 239 

Irving  Club 239 

Ivanhoe  Club  of  South 

Evanston 239 

-John  A.  Logan  Club. .  .239 

Kenwood  Club 239 

Lafayette  Club 240 

LaGrange  Club 240 

Lakeside  Club 240 

La  SalleClub 240 

Lincoln  Club 240 

Lotus  Club 210 

Marquotte  Club 241 

Minneola  Club  241 

MinnetteClub.  241 

Nationalists'  Club 241 

Newsboys'  Club 241 

North  Shore  Club 241 

Oakland  Club 241 

Oaks  of  Austin 24> 

Park  Club  242 

Phoenix  Club  242 

Practitioners'  Club 242 

Press  Club  of  Chicago.. 242 

Ryder  Club 243 

Seven  O'clock  Club 243 

Sheridan  Club 243 

Single  Tax  Club 244 

South  Side  Medical  Club.244 
Southern  So.  of  Chieairo244 

Standard  Club 244 

Stenographers'  Club  —  24) 

Sunset  Club 245 

Union  Club 245 

Union  League  Club  — 246 
University  Club  246 


IV 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


CLUBS—  Continued. 

Union  Veteran  Club  246 
Wah  Nah  Ton  Club  247 

COMMEBCE  OF  CHICAGO. 

Bank  Business,  Compar- 
ative           .                     30 

Washington  Park  Club.  247 
WebsterClub  247 

Bank  Clearances,  Com- 
parative                          30 

Whttechapel  Club  247 
Woman's  Sufferage  Club248 

Bank  Clearances,  1886  to 
1891  30 

Woman's  Club  of  Evan- 
ston        248 

Bank  Clearances  for  1891  30 

Woodlawn  Park  Club  .  .  .248 

Banks,  Clearing  in  Chi- 
cago    30 

CLUBS—  LITEBAUY. 

Barley,     Receipts     and 
Shipments  of  32 

Browning  Clubs    ..      .  249 

Business  of  Chicago  1891  40 

Chicago  Library  Club.  .  .249 
Chicago  Literary  Club.  .249 
Cl'b  Litterairie  Francais.250 

go  from  ia50  to  1891.  .  .    40 
Board   of    Trade    Busi- 
ness 1891.      .           .         32 

111.  Women's  Press  Ass'n.250 
Longfellow  Club  251 

Board  of    Trade    Corn- 

Palette  Club  251 

changes  31 

Papyrus  Club  251 
Press  League  Club  251 
Saracen  Club  252 

Board  of  Trade  Ethics  .31 
Board  of  Trade  Specula- 
tion 1891                            39 

Spanish  Amer'can  Club.  252 
Tuesday  Heading  Club.  .252 

Board  of  Trade  Trans- 
actions        31 

Twentieth  Century  Cl'b.  253 
Women's  Reading  Circle 

Boot  and  Shoe  Trade 
1891  55 

of  South  Evanston  253 
CLUBS—  STATE    SOCIAL  OB- 

Calves,  Receipts  of  1891.  35 
Calves,    Shipments    for 
1891  36 

(JAM/ATIONS. 

Capacity  of  Grain   Ele- 
vators        34 

California  Pioneers  .  .  .   .253 
North  Pacific  Assoc  25,4 
Ohio  Society  of  Chicago.  25*4 
Sons  of  Chicago  265 

Capital  of  Chicago  Bnks  ;i| 
Cattle,  Receipts  of  1891  .  .  35 
Cattle,  Shipinentsof 
1891  36 

Sons  of  Connecticut  255 

ClothingTrade  1891  55 

Sons  of  Delaware  255 

Condition  of  State  and 

Sons  of  Indiana  255 

National  Banks  31 

Sons  of  Louisiana            255 

Corn  Exports  to  Canada  33 

Sons  of  Maine  255 
Sons  of  Massachusetts     256 

Corn,  Receipts  and  Ship- 
ments     ..                         33 

Sons  of  Michigan              256 

Crockery   and  Glass- 

Sons  of  New  York           ;'">(> 

ware  Trade  1891        .  .      55 

Sons  of  Pennsylvania.  .  .256 
Sons  of  Rhode  Island      .257 

Deposits     of      Chicago 
Banks  31 

Sons  of  Vermont  258 
States  Columbian  Asso- 

Drug and  Chemical 
Trade          55 

ciation  258 

Dry  Goods  and  Carpet 

Trade  1891  55 

COMMEBCIAL     EXCHANGES. 

Export  Trade  of  Chicago 
1891  56 

Board  of  Trade  259 

Exports  of   Wheat  and 

Board  of  Trade  Bldg  .  .  259 

Flour       32 

Board  of  Trade  Corn's.  .259 
Board  of  Trade,  Finan- 

Flour,     Receipts      and 
Shipments  of  33 

cial  Condition  of  260 
Board  of  Trade  Ofticers..2&9 

General  Trade  of  Chica- 
go 1891  55 

Builders'  &  Traders'  Ex- 
change                        260 

Grain  and  Produce,  Re- 

Chicago  Amer.  Horse 

1890-91                     ..       ..35 

Exchange    260 

Chicago  Real  Estate  Bd  260 
Chicago  Stock  Ex    261 

Grain  Elevators,  Own- 
ers of      34 

Exchanges,  Miscel  263 
Fruit  Buyers'  Ass'n  261 

Grain  Exports  to  Canada  33 
G  rain,  Inspected  in  34 

COMMEBCE-Contlnaed. 

Grain  Inspection 34 

G  rain  Inspected  Out  —  34 
Grain  Storage  Capacity.  34 

G  rocery  Trade  1891 55 

Hat  and  Cap  Trade  1891.  55 
Hogs  and  Cattle  Slaugh- 
tered in  1890 35 

Hogs  and  Cattle  Slaugh- 
tered in  1891 35 

Hogs,  Receipts  of  18.)!..  ;<."> 
Horses,  Receipts  of  Ib91  85 
Hogs,  Shipments  of  1891.  36 
Horses,  Shi pmentsof 

1891 36 

Import  Trade  1891 50 

Internal  Reven  u  e  R  e- 

ceipts  at  Chicago 41 

Iron  and  Steel  Trade  ...  57 
Jobbing  and  Wholesale 

Business 55 

Jobbing  Business 55 

Live  Stock  Receipts  for 

1890 .36 

Live  Stock  Receipts  1891  35 
Live  f-tockShipments  for 

1S91 36 

Live  Stock  Shipments  of 

1890 36 

Live  Stock  Transactions 

1891  &5 

Lumber  Trade  1891 55 

Lumber  Trade  of  Chgo..  41 
Manufa  cturedlron 

Trade  1891 55 

Manufacturers  of  Chgo 
<.M  '<>  "Mnfrsof  Chicago)  57 

Millinery  Trade  1891 55 

National    Banks,  C  o  n- 

ditionof 31 

National  Banks,Deposits  31 
Oats,  Exports  to  Canada  33 
•  Output  of  Chicago 

Brewers 41 

Produce,  Receipts    and 

Shipments,  1890-91.   ..    37 
Provision  Storage  Ware 

Houses 38 

Railroad  Live  Stock 

Transactions  1891 37 

Rye  Exports  to  Canada.  33 
Rye,  Receipts  and  Ship- 
ments   38 

Savings  Banks,  Deposits  31 
Sheep,  Receipts  of  1891 ..  35 
Sheep,  Shipments  of  1891  36 
Speculation  on  Board  of 

Trade 39 

Speculative  B  u  s  i  n  ess, 

Board  of  Trade 39 

State  Banks,  Deposits. . .  81 
Storage  Warehouses  for 

Provisions 38 

Surplus  of  Chgo.  Banks.  31 
Union  Stock  Yds.  busi- 
ness of  1891 35 

Undivided  Profltsof 
Chicago  Banks.-.-  ...  31 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


COHMERCE-Contlnued. 

Volume  of  Business, 
Board  of  Trade 32 

Volume  of  Chicago's 
Business  1891 40 

Volume  of  Chicago's 
Business  ia50 40 

Warehouses  for  Grain . .  34 

Wheat  and  Flour  Ex- 
ports    32 

Wheat  Exports  to 
Canada —  33 

Wholesale  Business 55 

COUNTY  GOVERNMENT. 

Appropriations  for  1892.  45 
Board  of  Commissioners.  41 
Clerk  of  Criminal  Court, 

Expenses  of ...   .46 

Comptroller's  Office, 

Expenses  of 

Cook  County  Jail 43 

Coroner's  Inquests 42 

Cost  of  County  Officers. .  44 
County  Agent's  Office, 

Expenses  of 46 

County    Appropriations 

1892    45 

County  Attorney,  Ex- 
penses of 46 

County  Board 42 

County  Board  Salaries..  46 
County  Commissioners, 

when  elected 41 

County  Hospital,  Expen- 
ses of 45 

County  Hospital  Salaries  45 
County  Insane  Asylum.  43 
County  Insane  Asylum, 

Expenses  of 43 

County  Insane  Asylum, 

Location  of 43 

County    Institutions   at 

Dunning,  Expenses  of  46 
County  Jail,  Situation  of  43 
County    Physician,    Ex- 
penses   of —  46 

County  Poor  Farm...  .  44 
County  Poor  House, 

Location  of .    44 

County  Supt  of  Schools, 

Expenses   of 46 

County  Tax  Levy,  1892. .  45 
Dentetion  Hosp.ital, 

Expenses  of 46 

Detention    Hospital   for 

the  Insane 44 

Expenses  of  Cook  Co...  44 
Expenses  of  Cook  Co.  in- 

Detail   1893 45 

Hospital,  Detention  for 

Insane 44 

Insane  Asylum,  Expen- 

sesof 46 

Insane  Asylum  of  Cook 

County 43 

Jail,  County,  Location  of  43 


COUNTY  GOY'T— Continued. 

Jail,  Interior  of 43 

Jail,  Murderer's  Row —  44 
Jail,  The  Anarchist  Cells  43 

Jail,  Visitors  to 43 

Judiciary  of  Cook  Co...  46 
Normal  School  Salary 

List 40 

Poor  House,  Expenses  of  46 
Poor  House  of  Cook  Co.  44 
Power  of  Commissioners  41 
Prosecuting  Attorney, 

Expenses  of 46 

Receipts  from  Co.  Offi- 
cers 1892,  Estimated. . .  45 
.  Revenue  of  Cook  Co —  44 
Salaries  of  Commission- 
ers  41 

Salaries  of  County  Em- 
ployees  45 

Sheriff's  Office,  Expen- 
ses of 46 

State's  Attorney,  Expen- 
ses of 46 

Supt.  of  Public  Service, 

Expenses  of. 46 

Supplies  of  Co.  Institu- 
tions, Cost  of 45 

Taxable    Valuation    of 
Cook  Co.  Property...  46 

DETECTIVE  AGENCIES. 

Bonfield  Detect.  Ag'y..  .263 
Bruce  Detective  Ag'y.. 263 
Hartman  Detect.  A«'y.2ti3 
Mooney   &  Boland    De- 
tective Agency 263 

Pinkertqn's       National 

Detective  Agency  .     .263 
Pinkerton's    Protective 

Patrol  ,.264 

Thiel's  Detect.  Service.. 264 

Union  Detect.  Assoc 264 

Veteran's  Police  Patrol. 2C4 

EDUCATIONAL   INSTITU- 
TIONS. 

Allen's  Academy 264 

Amer.  Brewing  Acad  ..295 
Armour  Mission  Train- 
ing school 295 

Baptist     Missionary 

Training    School 295 

Chicago  Athaneum 2G5 

Chicago  Kitchen  Garden 

Assoc 266 

Chicago  Manual  Training 

School 268 

Chicago    Theo  logical 

Seminary 269 

De  La  Salle  Institute. .  .272 

Free  Kindergartens 404 

Glenwood  Training  Sch. 

for  Boys 298 

Hyde  Park  Auxiliary.. 300 
Hyde    Park    Conserva- 
tory  272 


EDUCATIONAL  INST.— Con'd. 

111.  Military  Academy.. 272 
Industrial  Sch .  for  Girls  300 
111.  Sch.  of  Agriculture. 298 
111.  Training  School  tor 

Nurses 296 

Jewish  Training  School.  297 

Josephinum,  The 272 

Kenwood  Institute 27 J 

Kenwood    Physical  Ob- 
servatory   409 

Lake  Forest  University  273 

Lewis  Institute 271 

McCormick  Theological 

Seminary 274 

Morgan    Park     Female 

Seminary  277 

Morgan  Park  Theologi- 
cal Seminary 277 

Northwestern  Oratorical 

League     277 

North  west'n  University  .278 
St.  Ignatius  College..'  :>7 
3  t.  Xavier's  Academy  288 
University  of  Chicago.. 289 

University  School 292 

Western  Theological 

Seminary 293 

Medical  Educational  In- 
stitutions   294 

National    Homeopathic 

College  .  ...    294 

Reformatory  Train  i  n  g 

School ?298 

St.  Mary's  Training  Sch . 

for  Boys 2!>9 

Training  Schools 295 

EXPRESS  COMPANIES. 

Adams  Express 301 

American  Express 301 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Ex- 
press   301 

Brink's  City  Express.  ...301 
Location  of  Express 

Offices 301 

Northern   Pacific    Ex- 
press  301 

Pacific  Express 301 

United  States  Express.. 301 
Wells,    Fargo    &    Co.'s 
Express 300 

FEDERAL    REPRESENTAT'N. 

U.  S.  Circuit  Judge 47 

U.  S.  Commissioners 47 

U.  S.  Courts  in  Chicago. .  47 

U.  S.  District  Judge 47 

U.  S.  Government  Offi- 
cers in  Chicago  47 

U.S.  Marshall 47 

U.S.  Minor  Officers 47 

U.  S.  Sub-Treasurer 47 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

Area  covered  by  Depart- 
ment  48 


VI 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


HUE  DEP'T— Continued. 

City      Telegraph      and 

Electric  Lights 48 

Efficiency  of 48 

Equipment  and  force..  48 

Fire  Alarms  1891 48 

Fire  Losses  1891 48 

Headquarters    and    Or- 
ganization    48 

Insurance  Patrol 49 

Location  of  Stations —  49 
Marshalis       Benner     & 

Swenie  48 

Officers  of  Department.  48 

Pension  Fund 49 

Standard  of  Discipline..  48 

GENERAL  INFORMATION. 

Abstracts  of  Titles 394 

Academies  (see  "Educa- 
tional Institutions"). .  .264 
Anarchist  Monument.  ..396 

Anarchy  in  Chicago 396 

Annexation 49 

Annual  FatStock  Shows396 
Amusem'ts  (see  "Amuse- 
ments")  116 

Architecture    (see  "Ar- 
chitecture")   128 

Area  of  Chicago 50 

Area  of  Territory   An- 
nexed    50 

Art     in     Chicago     (see 

"Art") 132 

Ashland  Block 396 

Asylums  and  Homes  (se3 

"Charities")    161 

Auditorium  (see  "Audi- 
torium Building")  ...138 
Auditorium  Tower  (see 

"Auditorium  Bldg.")..397 
Banks    (see    "  Banking 

Institutions") 142 

Boards   of     Trade    (see 
"Com.  Exchanges") . .  .259 

Bridewell 51 

Bridges  and  Viaducts...  51 
B'ld'g.  Operations,  since 

1876  105 

Buildings,  1891    L3 

Cable  Lines'  (see  "  City 

Railway  Service  ")....  210 
Calumet  Lake,  Area ....  52 

Calumet   River 52 

Causes  of  Death 52 

Cemeteries  (see  "Ceme- 
teries ") 157 

Center  of  Chicago,  Geo- 
graphical  51 

Charitable  Missions  (see 

"Charities") 165 

Charitable  Societies  (see 

"Charities") 165 

Charities 161 

Chicago  as  a  R .  R.  Center478 
Chicago  Epitomized ...  .397 


GEN'L  INFORHATION-t'on. 

Chicago  River 5'J 

Christian  Organizations  195 
Churches  (see  Churches). 200 
City  Frontage  on  Lake 

Michigan  52 

City  Parks 78 

City  Railways  (see  City 

Railway  Service) 210 

Clubs,  Athletic,  Sport'g.22U 
Clubs,  Gentlemen's  and 

Social 2JS 

Clubs,  Literary 248 

Clubs,  State  Social  Or- 
ganization  253 

Colleges  (see    "  Educa- 
tional Institutions) . .  264 
Commercial  Exchanges 
(see  "  Commercial  Ex- 
changes")   259 

Consulates 397 

Columbus  Building 397 

Cook  County  Hospital 
(see  "Hospitals  and 

Dispensaries  ") 342 

Cook  Comity  Treasury 

Statement  398 

Coroner's  Inquests  1891 .  42 
Coroner's  Inquests,  An- 
alysis of 42 

Crib,  The 398 

Daily      Papers       (see 

"Newspapers  ") 417 

Daniel  O'Connel  Statue. 398 
Day    Nurseries     and 
Chreches  (see  "Chari- 
ties)   163 

Death  Rate 52 

Detective  Agencies  (  ee 
"  Detective  A  g  e  n- 

cies  ") 263 

Diseases  Prevalent 52 

Dispensaries  (see  "  Hos- 
pitals and  dispensa- 
ries")  339 

Distance  of  Chicago 
from  other  principal 

cities 399 

Drainnge  Canal  (see 
"Ship  and  Drainage 

Canal")   107-112 

Drake  Fountain 404 

Education    (see    Public 

Education") DO 

Educational  Institutions 
see  "  Educational  In- 
stitutions")   264 

Elevated  Railways   (*ee 

"City  R'y  Service") .  .210 
Environs  of  Chicago  (see 

"Outlying  Chicago")  .439 
Estimated  Cost  of  City 

Gov't  for  1892 399 

Exchanges,  Commercial 
(see  "Commercial  Ex- 
changes  259 

Express  Companies 300 


GEN'L  INFORMATION-COB. 

Factory  Inspection 54 

Farragut  Monument  —  402 

Fire  of  1871 399 

Fire  of  1874 4(1 

Fire  Relics 401 

Foreign  Coin,  Value  of 

in  U.  S.  Money 403 

Fort  Dearborn 403 

Free   Dispensaries   ( see 

"Charities") 163 

Free    Employment  Bu- 
reaus (see  "Charities")163 
Free   Hospitals    (see 

"Charities") 163 

Free  Kindergartens 404 

Frt  e  Nurses  (see  "Chari- 
ties")       163 

Frontage  of  City  on  Riv- 
ers   52 

Geographical  Centre  of 

Chicago 51 

Goose  Island  4t)4 

Grain  Elevators  (see 

"Great  Industries".  .305 
Grant  Locomot-ive  Wks. 

(see  "Great  Ind'st's")  .306 
Grant  Statue,  Galena  . .  .402 
Grant  Statue,  Lincoln 

Park 405 

Great  Clocks  of  the  City.  405 
Great  Buildings  of  1891  .106 
Great  Buildings  of  Chi- 
cago (see  Part  V) 561 

Great  Industries  of  Chi- 
cago (see  Great  Ind's).302 
Growth  of    Chicago   in 

square  miles 50 

Guide  to  all  Parts  of  (*ee 

Part  V)      561 

Hack  and  Cab  Rates  (see 

Part  V) r6l 

Hay  market  Massacre  . .  .408 

Haymarket  Square 406 

Health  of  City 61 

Hell  Gate  Crossing ....    407 

Hiisch  Monument 407 

Horse  Car  Lines  (see  City 

Railway  Service)  . .  210 
Hospitals  (see  "H  ospitals 

and  Dispensaries") . . .  339 
Hotels  (see  "Hotels")...  352 
House  of  Correction  .  51 

Hyde  Lake,  Area 52 

Illinois    Internal    Reve- 
nue   Payments          . .  407 
Illinois    Steel    Co      (see 

Great  Industries")  3(8 
Indebtedn's  of  Chicago. 408 
Inebriate  Asylums  ...  361 
Interstate  Exposition.  ..408 

J.  V.  Farwell  Co 40fe 

Keeley  Institute o63 

Kenwood  Physical   Ob- 
servatory      409 

Kosciusko  Monument.. 409 
Labor  Temple 409 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Vll 


GEN'L  INFORMATION-Con. 

Lake  and  Hivcr  FrontVe  "i2 
Lakes    and    Rivers     in 

Chicago 52 

Lake  Transportation  ..53 
heading    Societies    (see 

"Societies") 513 

Lemont  Stone  Quarries 
(see  "Great  Industries")314 
Length  and  Width  of  city  52 

Libraries 380 

Life  Saving  Stations.  ...383 

Light  Houses 3X3 

I  ,ogan  Statue       4C'J 

Longest  Street  in  City..  52 

Market  Squares 410 

Marriage  Licenses,  1891 .  52 
Marriage  Licenses,Anal- 

ysis  of 52 

Mayors  of  Chicago  410 

Meat  Markets 410 

McCorraick  Harv.  Mach. 
Co. (see  Great  Indus.) .  .315 

Michigan  Avenue 410 

Mileage  of  Streets 5:5 

Military  (see  "Military"):** 
Military  Companies  (see 

"Military" 384 

Milk  Supply  of  Chicago. 41 1 

Monuments 411 

Morgue  53 

Nat'n'l  Hanks  (see  Bank- 
ing Institutions) 142 

Nationalities  Represent- 
ed in  Chicago 8? 

Natural  Gas  Supply. .  ..5! 
New  Patrol  Wagon  and 

Ambulance 412 

Newspapers 417 

New  Water  Tunnels 412 

Ogden  Statue  412 

0  .tlying   Chicago     (see 

"  Outlying  Chicago  ")  .439 
Police    Department  (see 

1  "Police  Department")  79 
Population  Statistics  (see 

Population    Statistics)  82 
Post   Office  (see   "Post- 

Office") s.-» 

P<  > verty  in  Chicago 53 

Private  Banks  (ser>  Bank 

Ins.  State  and  Private"160 
Public  Library  (see  Pub- 
lic Library") 99 

Public  Parks      .....  67-78 
Public  School  (see  "Pub- 
lic Education 90 

Pullman  see"Pullman")318 
Pullman  Palace  Car  Co. 

see  Great  Industries).. 327 
Railroads  (see  Railroads 

and  where  they  lead  to) 478 
Railroads    centering   in 

Chicago 478 

Railroad  Entrances 51 

Railway  Passenger  De- 
pots  478-513 


GEX'fc  INFORMATION-Con. 

Real  Estate  (see  "Real 

Estate  and  Building").  103 
Recognized  Charities  ...161 

Revenge  Circular 412 

Riot  of '77 412 

Rookery 413 

Sanitary    Condition    of 

City 51 

Schools  (see  "Public  Ed- 
ucation") ...   90 

S  hakespeare     Statue, 

Lincoln  Park 413 

Sheridan  Road 413 

Sheridan  Statue 414 

Ship  Building(see  "Great 

Industries ') 328 

Sights   of   Chicago   (see 

fart  V) 561 

Societies  (see  "Socities")513 
State  Bantes  (see  "Bank- 
ing Institutions,  State 

and  Private" ) 150 

State  Central  Com 414 

State    Institutions    (see 

"State  Institutions")  .526 
State  Militia  (see  "Mili- 
tary")   384 

Strangers'    G  uide     (see 

Part  V) rei 

Street    Car    Linos    (see 

"City  Railw'yService")210 
Stock  Yards  (see  "Union 

Stock  Yard"), 329 

Suburbs  Annexed 49 

Suburbs  of  Chicago  (sre 

"Outlying  Chicago").. 439 
Subterranean  Theater.. 415 
Surrounding  Cities  and 

Towns.. r28 

Telegraph  Service 415 

Telephones   . . . .'  415 

Tenement  House  Inpec- 

tion    54 

Territory  Annexed  49 

Thirty-one   Daily  Trips 

(Sec  Part  V) 561 

Thomas  Orchestra 416 

Topography  of  Chicago.  54 
Towns  around  Chicago.  533 
Tributary  Cities   and 
Towns  (see"  Tributary 

Cities  and  Towns") 528 

Union  Stock  Yards  (See 
"Great  Industries").. 329 

Uniting  City  and  Co 55 

Universities  (see  "  Edu- 
cational Ins.") 2114 

University  of  Illinois. . .  .416 
Urban  Transit  (see  "City 

Rv.  Service" 210 

U.  S.  Appraisers'  Bldg.  416 

Viaducts 51 

Vital  Statistics 51 

Von  Linne  Statue 410 

Ward  Area  of  Chicago..  50 
Water  Transportation.  533 


GES'L  IHFORMATION-Con. 

Water  Supply  (see  Water 
Works) 55 

Waterworks  (see 
"  Water  Works") .  .112-115 

Weekly  Newspaper  (see 
"  NeVspapers  ")  431 

William  Prince  of  Orange 
Statue  416 

Wolf  Lake,  Area 53 

World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position (see  Part  I V . .  537 

World's  Fair  (see  Part 
IV) 537 

Terkes'  Fountain 417 

GREAT   BUILDINGS  OF  CHI- 
CAGO. 

Adams  Express  Bldg...  581 

Ashland  Block 396 

Auditorium 138 

Board  of  Trade  Bldg  . .  2oli 

Bordon  Block 582 

Bro.  Jonathan  Bldg 576 

Bryan  Block    572 

Buildings  of  1891 106 

Calumet  Bldg 574 

CaxtonBldg  580 

Central  Music  Hall 585 

Chamber  of  Com.  Bldg. .570 

Chemical  Bk.  Bldg 582 

City  Hal    5«2 

Columbus  Bldg 397 

Commerce  IHdg 5V6 

Counselman  Bldg 5'.6 

Cook  Co.  Abstract  Bid.  .597 

County  Hospital 616 

Court  House  562 

Dearborn  Station 581 

Donohue  &  Henneberry 

Building 581 

Evening  Journal  B'ld'g.581 
Evening  Post  Building..  598 

Fair,  The 594 

First  National  Rk.  Bldg  .581 
German  Theatre  Bldg.  .597 
Grand  Central  Depot  .  .511 
Great  Northern  Hotel  580 
Haymarket  Building.  .614 
Home  Insurance  Bldg.  .574 

Ins.  Exchange  Bldg '75 

Inter  Ocean  Building.  .582 
John  M. Smyth  Bldg..  613 

Kent  Building 572 

Kimball  Hall 601 

Lafayette  Building 569 

Leiter  Building 594 

Madison  Hall  614 

Major  Block 572 

Manhattan  Building  ..  580 
Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  re- 
tail  587 

Marshall  Field's  Whole- 
sale Building f89 

Marine  Building 569 

Masonic  Temple 583 

Mercantile  Building — 571 


Vlll 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


GREAT  BUILDI>TGS-Con. 

Merchants1  Building-.  ..570 
Monadnock    and  Kear- 

sage    Building 580 

Monon  Building 680 

Opera  House  Block.       (97 

Otis  Building 571 

Palmer  House 594 

Pheonix  Building 576 

Pontiac  Building ..580 

Portland  Block 582 

Post  Office 581 

Kand  McNally  Build- 
ing  575 

Reaper  Block 59 

Republic  Life  Building.. 57: 

Rookery  Building . .  .576 

Royal  Ins.  Building 576 

Security  Building 599 

StaatsZeitung  Building.598 
Stock  Exchange  Build'g.581 

Stone  Building 614 

Tacoma  Building  571 

Temple  Court  Building..  581 

Temple,  The  573 

Times  Building 598 

Tremont  House. 582 

Tribune  Building. 583 

Union  Building 570 

Union  Depot C12 

Unity  Building 582 

I'.  S.  Appraisers'  Build'g416 
Wheeler  Building 567 

GREAT  INDUSTRIES. 

Calumet  Iron  &  steel  Co.3U4 
Columbia  Steel  Car  Co.  .305 

Grain  Elevators 305 

Grain    Elevators,    De- 

seriptii  in  of 305 

Grain  Elevators,  capac- 
ity of ,  etc  305 

Grant  Locomotive  Wks.3i6 
Grant  Locomotive  Wks. 

Importance  of 307 

Great  Western  Locomo- 
tive Works..  307 

Illinois  Steel  Company.. 308 
Illinois  Steel  Co.,  capi- 
tal, etc 308 

Ilinois  Steel    Company, 

Joliet  Works     312 

Illinois  Steel  Company, 

Milwaukee  Works 311 

Illinois  Steel  Company, 

N.  Chicago  Works  —  309 
Illinois  Steel  Company, 

Product  of 309 

Illinois  Steel  Company, 

S.Chicago  Works..  ..  310 
Illinois  Steel  Company, 

Union  works 311 

John  H.  Bass  Car  Wheel 

Works    313 

Joseph  Klicka 313 

Kearns  &  Orme 313 

Kurz  Bros.  &  Buhrer. .  .314 


GREAT  INDUSTRIES—  Con. 

Lake  Side  Nail  Co  314 

GUIDE—  Continued. 

Twenty-first  Day  609 

Lemont  Stone  Quarries.  314 
McCormick  Harvesting 
Machine  Co  315 

Twenty-second  Day  611 
Twenty-third  Day  614 

McCormick    Harvesting 

Twenty-  fifth  Day  616 

Machine  Co.,  Inspct. 

Twenty-sixth  Day  616 

McCormick  Harvesting 

Twenty-seventh  Day  617 
Twenty  eighth  Day  618 

Machine  Co.,    Secrets 
of  success  317 

Twenty-ninth  Day  619 

McCormick   Harvesting 

Tlrirty-tirftt  Dai/  620 

Machine  Co.,  The  First 

Abend  Post  Office            598 

Harvester  317 

McCormick   Harvesting 

Arend's  Pharmacy  .       598 

Machine    Co.,    Wide 
Spread  Business  of  ..  317 

Arend's  Kumy  ss  699 
Armour  &  Co      .               574 

Norton  Bros.  Works.  .  .  .318 
Pullman     (See    "Pull- 

Armour,  P.   D.,  Charac- 
teristics of  574 

Pullman,  Industries  of.  318 
Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.  327 

Ashland  Avenue'  615 
Ashland  Block,  thsNew.597 
Bee  Hive  594 

Pullman  Palace  Car  Co., 
Business  of  327 

Berry,  the  Candy  Man  .  .599 

Pullman  Palace  Car  Co., 

Black  legs  695 

Disbursements  328 
Pullman  Palace  Car  Co., 
Earnings  and  profits    328 
Pullman  Palace  Car  Co., 
Revenue              .           328 

Blue  Island  Avenue  610 
Blue  Island  Ave.  Dist.  .  610 
Boarding  House  Rates..  562 
Board  of  Trade  District.576 

Railroad  Trans  304 

Richards  &   Kelly  Mfg. 
Co  328 

Board  of  Trade  Gallery.  576 

Seed  Market  328 

Ship  Building  Yard.  ..  328 

Brentano's  602 

Source  of  Iron  Ore  and 
Coal  Supply                   3C2 

Broken  Savings  Banks  .  597 

Stock  Yds.  (See  "Union 
Stock  Yards  ")  329 

Brother  Jonathan  Bldg  576 

Thompson    &    Taylor 

Bryan  Block  573 

Spice  Company  329 

Union  Stock  Yards  (see 

Buck  &  Raynor's              502 

"Union  Stock  Vds")..329 

"Bunco  Stcerers"             5!'5 

Water  Transportation..  3t>3 
W   W  Kimball  Co  33<J 

Business  Lunches  571 

\Vlio  Reside  on     .            605 

GUIDE,  THE 

Fir*t  Daii       .        56° 

Calumet  Building  574 
Carriages                           561 

Second  Day   56ti 

Carriage  District              601 

Third  Day       56s 

Carson,  Pii  ie,  Scott  &  Co  592 

Fourth  Day  573 

Caxton  Building               580 

Fifth  Day     576 

Central  Detail  Station     564 

Sixth  Day  577 

Central  Music  Hall           585 

Chambers1  Corner            595 

Eighth  Day                        58° 

Ninth  Day  587 

Building  .        570 

Tenth  Day  591 

Charles  L.  Hutchm^on   573 

!•:/>  rcnth  Day.  592 

Chemical  Bank  Building  583 

Tin  Ifth  Da  ii                         594 

"  Cheyenne  "                     577 

Thirteenth  Dmi                  595 

Fifteenth  Day                    599 

Chicago  Oyster  House    599 

Sirtfciith  Day         .           6  0 

Cicero  Electric  Line.  ..  614 

St-renternth  Day  602 

City  Clerk's  Office  565 

Eighteenth  Day         ..    6()4 

City  Collector's  Office      f.65 

Nineteenth  Day  606 

C  ty  Hall  562 

Twentieth  Day  608 

City  Ha  11,  Trip  Through.5«3 

GENERAL   INDEX. 


IX 


GUIDE-Continned. 

College  Place 607 

Commerce  Building 576 

Comptroller's  Office 565 

Conlidenee  Men 564 

Corner  Drug  Stores 592 

Coroner's  Office 567 

Cost  of  City  Hall 563 

Cost  of  Court  House ....  563 

Council  Chamber 565 

Counselman  Building. .  .576 
County  Clerk's  Office.  ...567 
County  Hospital  and  Sur- 
roundings   616 

CountyKecorder's  Office5G7 
County  Treasurer's  Of- 
fice  568 

Coupes 561 

Xourt  House 562 

Courts    and    Court 

Rooms  568 

Curry's  News  Stand  — 599 
CycloramaBuildinys  .  .601 

Daily  News  Office 598 

Dale  and  Sempill's 596 

Dale  &  Sempill's  Popu- 
larity              596 

Dearborn  Avenue 618 

Dearborn  Station 581 

Detective  Offices  563 

Donohue  &  Henneberry  581 

Drexel  Boulevard 608 

Evening  Journal  Build- 
ing   581 

Evening  Post  Building.. 598 

Fair,  The 59t 

Farwell  Hall 599 

Fashionable  Retail  Cen- 
ter  593 

"  Fences  "  for  Thieves.  .578 
Fidelity  Bank  Building. 597 
Fire  Alarm  Officers.  ..  564 
First  National  Bank 

Building 581 

Fish,  Joseph  &  Co 593 

FiskD.  B.  &Co 603 

Franklin    McVeagh     & 

Co 603 

Freie  Presse  Office 598 

French  Consul 569 

French,  Potter  &  Wil- 
son  603 

Gamblers  and  Sports...  595 

Gambling  District 595 

German  Theater  Build- 
ing . ;..  .579 

Globe  Office 598 

Grand  Boulevard  607 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel 576 

Grant  Locomotive  Wks.615 
G  reat  Northern  Hotel . .  580 

Groveland  Square  609 

Hack  and  Cab  Rates.... 561 

Hansom  Cabs 561 

Hay  market  Building .  . .  614 
Headquarters     Colum- 
bian Exposition 575 


GUIDE— Continued. 

Health  Department 563 

Heath  &  Milligan 598 

Herald  Building LOS 

Home  Insurance  Build- 
ing    574 

Hotel  Rates 563 

Hotels  and  Boarding 

Houses 563 

Insurance  Exchange 

Building 675 

Inter  Ocean  Building...  5H3 
Iron  and  Steel  Center..  .616 

Jackson  Hall  569 

James  H.  Walker's  &  Co.6i>2 
J  tunes  Wilde  Jr.  &  Co.  .593 
J.  B .  Chambers  &  Co .  .  597 
Jesse  Spaldiug's  Office .  . 569 

Jesuit  Church 610 

JolmM.Smyth  Bldg..  .613 

Keith  &  Co 603 

Kent  Building 573 

Kern's 571 

Kimball  Hall 601 

Kohlsaat's 571 

Lafayette  Building 569 

Lake  Shore  Drive 619 

Lake  View 619 

LaSalle  Avenue 619 

LaSalleSt  568 

Lake  Street .r.?:i 

Leader,  The 594 

Leading  Houses  and  In- 
dustries (see  Spe'l  lief)  620 

"Levee"The 577 

Loeb  &  Bro 571 

Lodging  House  Misery.. 579 

Lodging  Houses 579 

Lower  Strata  of  Society.  579 

Lumber  District 616 

Madison  Hall 613 

Madison  Street  Bridge... 611 
Madison  &  Clark  Sts . .  . .  f  95 

Major  Block 573 

Mandel  Bros 593 

Manhatten  Building &0 

Manufacturing  Center.  .617 

Marine  Building F69 

Marshall  Field's  Business 

Methods 590 

Marshall    Field,    Career 

of 587 

Marshall  Field,in  private 

life 591 

Marshall  Field  &  Co 5b7 

Marshall    Field  &   Co's. 

barn  578 

Marshall    Field   &   Co's 

Bldg.,  Retail 591 

Marshall    Field   &   Co's 

Business 589 

Masonic  Temple 583 

Masonic  Temple,Propor- 

tionsof 583 

Maxwell's 603 

May  Subway 565 

Mayor's  Offices 304 


GUIDE-Continned. 

McClurg's  Book  Store  .  .602 

MeVicker'a 582 

Mercantile  Building 571 

Merchant's  Building 570 

Merchants'  Nat'l  Bank  569 
Methodist  Church  Bi'ck.597 
Metropolitan  fc  ational 

Bank  571 

Michigan  Boulevard 607 

Milwaukee  Avenue 617 

Monon  Building 580 

Monatluock   and   Kear- 

sarge  Building 580 

National  Bank  of  Amer- 
ica  570 

North  Clark  Street 617 

Northern  Suburbs 619 

Northwestern  Masonic 

Aid  Asso  575 

Northwestern  Suburbs. 620 
O'Brien's  Art  Gallery. .  .603 
Old  Financial  Wrecks  .",n 
Old  "Terror"  District.  610 
Old  South  Market  Sq. .  .5.5 
Only  Bldg  saved  from 
the  fire  on  the  South 

Side 572 

Opera  House  Block 597 

Otis  Building  571 

Pacific  A  ve 577 

I'almer  House 594 

Parmalee's Agents  .  ..561 
Pawn  Broker's  District. 578 

Pearson  St 619 

PhenixBldg 576 

Police  Headquarters  . . . .  565 
Police  Reporters'  Room  564 

Pontiac  Bldg 580 

Portland  Block 583 

Postoffiee  Bldg 581 

.  Potter  Palmer 586 

Prairie  Avenue 604 

Prairie  Ave.,   Appear- 

anceof 604 

Prairie  Ave.,  People  win  • 

reside  on 605 

Present  Slums  of  Chica- 
go      578 

Printing  House  Dis't. .  .581 
Prominent  Residents  of 

North  Side  Ayes  617 

Prominent  Residents  of 

South  Side  Avenues.  ..604 
Prominent  Residents  of 

West  Side  Avenues  .    615 
Public    School    Depa1.  t- 

ment  565 

Public  Library 565 

Public    Works    Depart- 
ment   565 

Race  Murder,  Scene  of.  .578 
Rand-McNally  Building.575 

Reaper  Block 597 

Republic  Life  Building. 573 
Retail  Dry  Goods  Stores  593 
Rock  Island  Depot 578 


GENERAL    IXDEX. 


GUIDE -Con tinned.    . 

Rookery  Building 576 

Room  Rates 563 

Root  &  Sons  Music  Co...  602 
Royal  Insurance  Build'g576 

Rush  Street    618 

Ryan,  P.P.  &  Co 614 

Scarlet  Women  and  De- 
praved Men  578 

School  Property 593 

Security  Building 599 

Seigel,  Cooper  &  Co.'s. .  .594 

Sheriff's  Office 567 

Slack's 602 

Slums,  The  Heart  of  the.579 

Smyth,  John  M ...  613 

Smyth  Building 613 

Smyth,  John  M.,   Busi- 
ness of 613 

Smyth's  Town  Market .  .613 
Staats  Zeitung  Building. 598 

Standard  Guide  Co 681 

State  Street  Compared 

with  Foreign  Streets.. 582 
State  Street  from  the 

Bridge 582 

State  Street,  Original 

Improvement  of 586 

State  Street,  Potter 
Palmer's  Generosity  .  .586 

Stensland,  Paul  O 617 

Stock  Exchange  Bldg.«.58l 

Stone  Building 614 

Subscription  Book  Dist  601 
South  Clark  Street  ....  578 
South  Halsted  Street. . .  609 

South  Water  Street 583 

Southern  Manufact'ng 

Suburbs  620 

Tacoma  Building 571 

Temple,  the 573 

Temple  Court  Bldg 5«1 

Temperance  Temple  —  573 
Thomson's  Restaurant..  581 

Times  Building 598 

Tobey  Furniture  Co....  602 

Touhy&Co 614 

Tremont  House  582 

Tribune  Building 582 

Trunk  Rates 501 

"Uncle  Jesse"  and  "Un- 
cle Phil" 509 

Union  Building 570 

Union  Depot 612 

Union  Nat.  Bank  574 

Union  Stock  Yards 609 

Unity  Building 582 

University  Place 607 

Vartiell's 596 

Varnish  District 601 

Vincennes  Avenue -.f  0? 

Wabash  Avenue  601 

Wabash  A  ve.,  Changes  in601 
Washington  Boulevard. 01  tJ 

Water  Offices 665 

West  Madison  St.,  a  great 
thoroughfare 611 


GUIDE-Contlnued. 

West  Madison  St.,  after 

the  fire 611 

West  Madison  St.,  from 

the  Bridge 611 

West  Side  Park  System. 614 
West  Side  Park  System, 

Drive  through 615 

West  Twelfth  Street  ..  610 
Western  Associated 

Press  Office 570 

Western  Suburbs 615 

Western  Union  Office. .  570 

Wheeler  Building 5^6 

Wholesale  District 6  0 

Would-be-sports 695 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building.  .  .572 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Quarters. . .  .699 

HISTORICAL. 

Admission  of  Illinois. ...  28 
Angio-Am'ican  War  1812  24 
Anglo-French  Colonial 

War  22 

Black  Partridge 20 

Butchery  of  Fort  Dear- 
born   27 

Chicago  as  a  City 29 

Chicago    as    a    Thrifty 

Village , 28 

Chicago  Portage 22 

Death  of  Marquette 21 

Defeat  of  Gen.  Hull 25 

English  Intrigue 25 

Escape  of    the    Kinzie 

Family 28 

Establishment  of  Fort  at 

Chicago 23 

Evacuation     of      Fort 

Dearborn 27 

Extensions  of  Chicago . .  29 
First  Settler  of  Chicago.  22 
Fort  Dearborn  Erected.  24 
Fort  Dearborn  Massacre  27 
Fort  Dearborn  Rebuilt..  28 
Garrison  of  Fort  Dear- 
born   25 

Growth  of  Chicago  from 

1837 29 

Incorporation  of  Chgo. .  29 
Indian  Chief  Eschika- 

gow  or  Chicago 21 

Jolict  and  Marquette. . ..  21 

Kinzie,  John 25 

LaSalle's  Explorations.  ':',' 
Le  Mai,  the  Fur  Trader.  22 

Louisiana  Purchase 23 

Massacre  of  Fort  Dear- 
born, Site  of 27 

Original  City  of  Chicago  29 
OriginaLSpellingof  Chgo  21 

Perish  Le  Clerc 27 

Point  De  Sable 22 

Population  of  Chicago, 

1837 29 

Population  of   Chicago, 
1855-60-66-70-80-86-89...  30 


HISTORICAL— Continued. 

Present   Population    of 

Chicago 29 

Second    Settlement    of 

Chicago 28 

St.  Joseph, Michigan...    23 

Tippecanoe 25 

War  with  England 25 

Wells,  Captain 20 

Whistler,  Captain  John.  2J 

HOSPITALS  AKD  DISPENSA- 
RIES. 

Alexian  Bros  Hospital.  .34X1 
Augustana  Hospital  ..;!41 

Bennett  Hospital 341 

Chi.  Emergency  Hos  .  .341 
Chicago  Floating  Hos...  31 1 
Chicago  Horn.  Hospital. 341 
Chicago  Hos.  for  Women 

and  Children 341 

Cook  County  Hospital..  .342 

German  Hospital 34'J 

Hahnemann  Hospital . .  .343 

Hebrew  Hospital 314 

Linnean  Hospital  344 

Locat'n  of  Dispensaries. 340 
Maurice  Porter  Memor'l 

Free  Hospital 344 

Mercy  Hospital 3i4 

Michael  Reese  Hospital. 345 
Natn'l  Temperance  Hos 340 
Presbyterian  Hospital  .  340 

Provident  Hospital 347 

Ry. Brotherhood  Hos. .  .347 
Bt.  Elizabeth's  Hospital  .247 
St.  Joseph's  Hospital  . .  347 
St.Luke's  Free  Hospital. 348 
St.  Vincent's  Maternity 

Hospital 350 

U.S.  Marine  Hospital.... 350 

Wesley  Hospital 351 

Woman's  Hospital 35."' 

HOTELS. 

Atlantic  Hotel 352 

Auditorium  Hotel lift) 

1  Jriggs  House :*V! 

Burhe's  European  Hotel353 
Capacity  of  Chicago  Ho- 
tels  :}52 

Clifton  House '.'M 

Commercial  Hotel 3->; 

Continental  Hotel !i53 

Gault  House 353 

Gore's  Hotel 353 

Griind  Pacific  Hotel 354 

Hotel  Brevoort .  355 

HotelDrexel 355 

Hotel  G race 355 

Hotels.  Miscellaneous... 358 

Hotel  Wellington 355 

Hotel  Woodruff 355 

Hyde  Park  Hotel :$55 

Leading  Hotels 353 

Leland  Hotel 355 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


ri. 


HOTELS-C'ontinned. 

McCoy's  Europ'n  Hot'l .  .ar>6 

Palmer  House 356 

Itichelieu  Hotel    357 

Saratoga  Hotel 357 

Sherman  House ar>7 

Southern  Hotel ar>8 

Tremont  House ar>8 

Victoria  Hotel Itfs 

Virginia  Hotel 358 

INEBRIATE  ASYLUMS. 

Alexian  Brother's  Hospi- 
tal  361 

Earle's  Private  Sanitari- 
um  361 

Keeley  Institute  (see 
"Keeley  Institute," 

The)  362 

MarthaWash'gt'n  Home  361 

Mercy  Hospital 361 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital.... 3S1 
Washingtouian  Home... 362 

KEELEY  INSTITUTE,  THE 

Associated     Koeley  Bi- 

ehloride  of  Gold  Club.. 364 
Bichloride  of  Gold  Club 

of  Dwight 364 

Character  of  the  Patienta364 
Daily  Life  at  Dwight...  365 
Departures  and  Arrivals  366 

Depot 366 

Discovery  of  theRemedy366 

Diseases  Treated 367 

Dwight,  Description  of  ..367 
Effects  of  the  Treatment368 

Express  Office 369 

Government  Recogni- 
tion  369 

Harry  Lawrence's  369 

Hotel  and  Boarding 
House  Accommoda- 
tion   370 

How  One  Man  was  Dis- 
eased and  How  Cured. 370 
Information  for  the  In- 
terested   371 

Inebriety,  a  Disease 372 

Keeley,  as  a  Man 373 

Keeley  Institutes- 
Branches  373 

KeelcyInstitute,Chicat!-o:j;  I 
KeeleyInstitute,Foreign374 
Keeley  Institute,Parent 

House 375 

Keeley      Institute,     Win- 

netka 374 

Leslie  E.  Keeley  Com- 
pany, The 376 

Medical  Staff 37ii 

No  Restraint  376 

Other  Bichloride  of  Gold 

Cures 377 

Photography — '. 377 

Pocket  Money 377 

Postoffice 377 


KEELEY  INSTITUTE-Con. 

Railroad      Communica- 
tion  378 

Rules  and  Regulations.  .378 

Slang 378 

Sympathy 379 

Taking  the  Remedy 379 

What     the     Treatment 
Does 379 

LIBRARIES. 

Armour  Mission  Lib'ry.380 

Chicago  Athaneum  Li- 
brary    *      ....380 

Chicago  Branch  I.  T.  & 
M.  Society  Library. . .  .380 

Chicago  Historical  Soci- 
ety Library 380 

Hyde  Park  Lyceum  Li- 
brary   380 

Illinois  Tract  Society  Li- 
brary    380 

John  Crerar  Library  —  380 

Lincoln  St.  M.  E.  Free 
Library    380 

Newberry  Library  . . —  381 

Public  Library(see  "  Pub- 
lic Library")  99 

Pullman  Public  Lib'ry.  .3S2 

Ravenswood  Public  Li- 
brary     382 

South    Chicago    Public 
Library 3S? 

Union  Catholic  Lib'ry.. 382 

Western   New     Church 
Library 383 

Wheeler  Library 383 

LIFE-SAVING  STATIONS. 

Chicago  Life-Sav'g  St'n.383 
E  vanston  Lif  e-Sav'g  Stn  383 

LIGHTHOUSES. 

Chicago  Light 383 

Crib  and  Br'kw'r  Lights. 3S4 
Grosge  Point  Light 381 

MANUFACTURES    OF     CHI- 
CAGO. 

Brass,  Copper,  etc 67 

Brewing,  Distilling   and 

Tobacco 57 

Bricks,  Stone,  etc 58 

Capital  Employed,  1891. .  67 
Capital  Employed  in  Va- 
rious Manufactures.  57-61 

Chemicals  58 

Iron  and  Steel 59 

Iron  and  Wood  58 

Labor  Employed 67 

Leather 59 

Manufactures,  Miscel ...  61 

Meats 59 

No.  of  Mnfg.  Firms,  1891  57 
Printing 60 


MANUFACTURES-Con. 

Textiles  60 

Wages,  Employes, 67-61 

Wood 90 

MARITIME  INTERESTS. 

Arrivals  at  Chicago  Har- 
bor, Comparative 61 

Arrivals  from!883to  1891  63 

Clearances  at  Chicago 
Harbor,  Comparative.  61 

Clearances  from  18a3  to 
1891 63 

Coastwise  Receipts  and 
Shipments 63 

Comparison  with  Lake 
Ports  62 

Comparison  with  Sea- 
board Cities. .' 61 

Greatest  Harbor  i  n 
America 61 

Lake-Carrying  Trade. . .  61. 

Shipments  of  Grain  to 
Canada 62 

Tonnage  of  Lake  Vessels  63 

Value  of  Exports  by 
Lake 63 

Vessels  Cleared  at  Chi- 
cago   61 

Vessels  Entered  at  Chi- 
cago   61 

Vessels  Owned  in  Chi- 
cago   64 

MILITARY. 

Battery  D,  1st  Artillery  .389 

Cavalry  Troop  A 391 

Chicago  Hussars ii91 

Chicago  Zouaves  . . . :  —  393 
Cook's  Chicago  Lancers  392 
Ellsworth  Chi.  Zouaves. 392 

Evanston  Zouaves 393 

First  Brig.,  I. N.G.,Gen'l 

and  Staff 387 

First  Regt.,  Armory  — 389 
First  Regt.,  Field  &  Staff 

Officers 388 

First  Regt., I.  N.  G.  ...387 
First  Regt.,  Standing  and 

Personnel 388 

Fort  Sheridan 385 

Gov.  Headquarters  ...  384 
Illinois  National  Guards  386 
Military  Dept.of  the  Mo. 384 
Rock  Island  Arsenal  —  386 

Second  Hegt.  Band 391 

Second  Refit.,  Field  and 

Staff  officers  .  390 

Second  Regt.,  I.  N.G....  390 
Second  Regt.,  Hist,  of  .390 
Veteran  Societies 393 

NEWSPAPERS-DAILY. 

Abendpost 417 

Arbeiter  Zeitung 418 

Dagbladet 420 


xn 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


NEWSPAPEBS,  DAILT-Con. 

Daily     National    Hotel 

OUTLYING  CHICAGO-Con. 

Antioch  441 

OUTLYING  CHICAGO-Con. 

Evanston    City  of            450 

Reporter,    The  418 

Argyle  Park      441 

Daily  News,  The.  ..        419 

Arlington  Heights          442 

Daily  Sun,  The  420 

Auburn  Park  442 

Fairview  Park       .           452 

Drovers  Journal,  The  .  .  .420 

Aurora  442 

Feehanville  442 

Evening  Journal  420 

Austin  442 

Fernwood                          452 

Freie  Presse  432 

Avondale  443 

Forest  Hill          .              452 

Goodall's  Daily  Sun       .422 

Barrington  .  443 

Forest  Home                    452 

Herald,  The  Chicago  422 

Batavia  443 

Fort  Sheridan                  452 

Illinois  Staats  Zeitung..424 

Bayer  443 

Fox  Lake  452 

Inter  Ocean,  The  425 

Bensonville                .       443 

Franklin  Park                  451? 

List.y  426 

Benton      443 

Geneva     ....                     453 

Mail,  The  Chicago  418 

Berwyn  443 

Glencoe  453 

Post,  The  Evening  .  .   .  .  426 

Bloom  443 

Glen  Ellyn  453 

Press,  The  Evening  ...  .418 

Blue  Island  443 

Glen  wood  453 

Skandinaven,  The  427 

Brainard              .  .  .           444 

Goodenow  453 

Times,  The  Chicago  ...  .428 

Bremen  444 

Grand  Crossing  453 

Tribune,  The  Chicago.  .429 

Brighton  Park  444 

Grant  Locomotive  W'ks, 

Brisbane            .          .      444 

addition  453 

NEWSPAPERS-WEEKLY  AND 

Buena  Park        .     ...  444 

Grayland  453 

OTHElt  PUBLICATIONS. 

Gray's  Lake  454 

,    Advance,  The  431 

Burlington  Heights      .  .444 

Greenwood  4.r>4 

Banner  of  Gold,  The.  .  .  431 

Calvary    444 

Greggs       454 

B  r  a  i  n  a  r  d  '  s    Musical 

Camp  McDonald  444 

Griffith  454 

World  433 

G  rossdale                           454 

Chicago  Dramatic 

Canfield  ..                         444 

Gross  Park  455 

Journal  432 

Cary                      .              444 

Gurnee  ..      455 

Chicago  Eagle  432 

Cheltenham       .             .  444 

H  ammond  455 

Citizen,  The  433 

Harlem        456 

Credit  Company,  The.  .  .433 

City  and  Environs          439 

Harvey  456 

Economist,  The  433 

Clarendon  Hills         .       444 

Hawthorne  457 

Farmers'  Review,  The  .  434 

Clifton  444 

Hejjewisch  458 

Figaro  434 

Clintonville    ....            444 

Hessville  458 

Ex  position  Graphic,  The434 

Clyde    444 

Highland  Park  458 

Furniture  434 

Colehour                .          444 

Highlands        458 

German-American        .  435 

Conleys                        .  .  .  445 

High  Ridge  458 

Graphic,  The  435 

Cortland                   445 

Hinsdale  458 

Inland    Architect    and 

Crawfoi'd  445 

Hyde  Park  Center  459 

News  Record  435 

Crete                    .        .      445 

Irving  Park  460 

Inland  Printer,  The         435 

Itaska  46  1 

Interior,  '1  he  .  .  .               435 

Crystal  Lake                     445 

Jefferson  Park  460 

Iron  Age,  The  430 

Cummings                445 

Joliet  460 

Legal  Adviser,  The          43fi 

Cuyler                                445 

Kenosha  :  461 

Lumber  Trade  Journal.  .430 

Dalton                                445 

Kensington  461 

National  Builder  The     43C 

Kenwood,  461 

Nederlander,  De               436 

Lacton  462 

Norden      .      .     .            .433 

De  Kalb          445 

La  For  462 

Northwestern  Christian 

Deplaines      445 

La  Grange  462 

Advocate        .               437 

Des  Plaines           445 

La  Vergne  403 

•  Dolton                                445 

Lake  463 

man    The                       437 

Lake  Bluff  463 

Occident                            437 

Dyer                              ...446 

Lake  Forest  ...  463 

Es'mt  Grove                       446 

Lakeside  463 

Lake  Villa  463 

Presto                '         438 

land                                 446 

Lemont  464 

Libertyville  404 

Edison  Park                      446 

Linden  Park  464 

Eggleston                          447 

Lisle  464 

Union  Signal                    438 

El  burn                         .      449 

Lockport  464 

Elgin                  -                  449 

Lombard  464 

Flmhurst                            449 

Mandel  464 

OUTLYING  CHICAGO 

Flsdon                                  449 

Manhattan  464 

Maple  Park  4fi4 

Suburbs                           439 

Englewood  Heights         449 

Maplewood  464 

Englewood  on  the  Hill    449 

Marley  464 

Altenheim  ..               .  ..441 

Eola...                  450 

Matteson  464 

GENERAL   INDEX. 


Xlll 


OUTLYING  CHlCAGO-Con. 

Maynard 464 

Maywood  464 

McCaffrey 465 

Melrose 46i 

Millers  465 

Mokena  465 

Monee 4f<5 

Mont  Clare .465 

Montrose 465 

Moreland 465 

Morgan  Park 465 

Morton  Park 466 

Mount  Forest 467 

Mount  Greenwood 467 

Mount  Prospect 467 

Naperville 4<>7 

New  Lenox 467 

Normal  Park 467 

North  and  South  Shores  441 

North  Evanston 467 

Norwood 467 

Oak  Glen 467 

Oakland 467 

Oak  Lawn 467 

Oak  Park 467 

Oak  woods 46tf 

Orchard  Place 468 

Orland 468 

Palatine 468 

Park  Ridge 46S 

Park  Side 468 

Pine. 468 

Prairie  View 468 

Prospect  Park 468 

Pullman     (See "    Great 

Industries  ") 468 

Racine 468 

Ravens  wood 468 

Ravinia 469 

Redesdale  469 

Rhodes     469 

Richton 469 

Ridgeland 469 

Riverdale     469 

River  Forest 4-i9 

River  Park 469 

Riverside 469 

Rockefeller 470 

Romeo 470 

Roseland 470 

Sag  Bridge 471 

Sherman 471 

Silver  Lake  471 

South  Chicago 471 

South  Englewood 471 

South  Evanston 471 

South  Lawn 472 

South  Lynne 473 

Spring-  Bluff 472 

Stone  Wood 472 

Stough  472 

Suburban  Railway  De- 
pots  410 

Suburban  Railway  Ser- 
vice  440 

Suburbs  annexed 439 


OUTLYING  CHICAGO-Con. 

Surnmerdale  472 

PARK  SYSTEM-Continned. 

Jackson  Park  72 

Summit  472 

Jackson  Blvd    ...           73 

Sycamore       473 

Thatcher's  Park  473 

Lake  Front  Park              78 

Thornton  473 

Lake  Park.      .           .       78 

Tolleston  473 

Lake  Shore  Drive  73 

Tracy  473 

Lincoln  Park  74 

Transportation  to  Sub- 
urbs           440 

Lincoln  Park  Conserva- 
tory                                6S 

Tremont  473 

Lincoln  Pk.,  Mon'ts  in...  75 
Lincoln  Pk.  Palm-house  75 
Michigan  Ave.  Blvd  75 
Midway  Plaisance  75 
North  and    South  side 
Viaduct  76 

Trevor  473 

Turner  473 

Upwood  473 

Warrenton.  .     473 

Washington  Heights.  .  .473 
Waukegan        473 

North  Side  Parks  67 

Waukesha  473 

Oak  wood  Blvd  76 

Wayne  474 

OgdenBlvd  76 

Wentworth  474 

Park  Com'rs,  how  Appt.  67 
Parks  under  City  Con- 
trol      78 

West  Ridge    474 

West     Roseland     (see 
"Roseland")  474 

South  Parks,  The  69 

Western  Springs     .  .       474 

South  Side  Parks    ...      67 

Wheaton    474 

Thirty-fifth  Blvd      .         76 

Wheeling  474 

Union  Park  76 

Whiting  474 

Vernon  Park  78 

Wild  Wood  477 

Washington  Blvd  76 

Willow  Springs  —   477 
Wilmette  477 

Washington  Park  77 
Washington  Park  Con- 
servatory        ...          69 

Winfleld  477 

Wmnetka    477 

Washington  Square  78 
Western  A  ve  .  Blvd  77 
W.  Twelfth  Street  Blvd.  77 
West  Side  Parks      .           67 

Woodlawn  .  .  477 

Worth  477 

PARK  SYSTEM. 

Access  to  Parks  67 

West  Side  Park  Improve- 
ments    79 

Aldine  Square  78 

Wicker  Park  78 

Area  of  Parks  68 

Woodlawu  Park  78 

Area  of  Public  Squares.  68 
Ashland  Blvd  70 

POLICE-  DEPARTMENT. 

Assistant  Sup't  79 

Campbell  Park  79 

Central  Blvd  70 
City  Parks  78 

Bureau  of  Identification  80 

Congress  Park  79 

Conservatories  68 

Composition  of  Force  ...  80 
Cost  of  Maintenance  —  80 
Detective  Department..  80 
Div.  Headq'rt'sandPrec  >0 
Divisions'  Inspectors  80 
General  Headquarters..  81 

Control  of  Parks  67 

Conveyances  to  Parks.  .  .  67 
Douglas  Blvd  70 

Douglas      Monument 
Square  78 

Douglas  Park  70 

Douglas  Park  Conserva- 
tory    69 

Patrol  System           81 

DrexelBlvd  71 

Policemen's  Ben.  Asso...  82 

Ellis  Park  78 

Gage  Park  71 

GartieldBlvd  71 
Garfiekl  Park  71 

Secretary   80 

Garneld  Park  Conserva- 
tory    69 

POPULATION  STATISTICS. 

Americans  in  Chicago.  .  .  82 
Bohemians  in  Chicago..  8,',' 
Cook  County  Popula'n  .  .  Si 
English  in  Chicago    ....  82 
Foreisru  Born  Residents  82 

Grand  Blvd  71 

Groveland  Park  78 

Humboldt  Blvd  72 

Humboldt  Park  72 
Humboldt  Park  Conser- 
vatory .  .                     .  .  69 

XIV 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


POP.  STATISTICS—  Con. 

French  in  Chicago    ....  83 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION-Con. 

Manual  Training  in  Pub- 
lic Schools  92 

PULLMAN,  GUIDE  TO-Coii. 

Death  Rate  (see'Health1  ili;.'! 
Depots                              o"J 

Physical  Culture  in  Pub- 

Doctors      321 

lic  Schools  93 

Drainage  .                         :>"! 

Public  School  B'ldgs  94 

DiCdging        ...                321 

Population  18i»2  82 

Public  Sch'ls,  How  Con- 
ducted    90 

Drop  Forge  Company  .  .321 
Dry  Kilns  ..             321 

Population  by  Divisions  83 

Receipts  of  School  B'r'd.  92 
Revenue  Public  Schools.  95 

Dwellings  (see  "  Build- 
ings")         321 

ships  83 

Salaries  School  Emp..  95-98 

Electric  Lighting  .;21 

Population  by  Wards.  .    83 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

Electro  Plating  821 
Engines        '••','.( 

Population  of  Illinois..    84 

A  Cosmopolitan  Collec- 
tion      99 

Flats  (see  "  Buildings  ").321 
Flora  32 

Administration  of  99 

Fire  Department      .       I>21 

Scotch  in  Chicago  82 

Branch    Delivery     Sta- 
tions    100 

Freight  Car  Shops  321 
Foundry    (see    "  Union 

U.  S.  Census  Figures  —  82 

Cards  of  Membership.  .  .103 
Character  of  Books  1<  0 

Foundry."  321 
Fuel  :J21 

Circulation  of  Books  101 

Garbage      •       322 

Condition  of,  1892  101 

Gas  Works  321 

POST  OFFICE. 

Delivery  Stations             100 

Branch  Offices  85 

Directors'  Report,  1892..  101 

Glass  .321 

Business,  Increase  of  —  86 

Employes  of  100 
Librarian  102 

Green  Houses  322 
Halls  ....322 

Employees  of  85 

Maintenance  of  99 

Hammer  Shop  322 
Health                                3'*i 

Force  Employed    —  ...  85 
Foreign  Mails,  Closing  of  85 

Number  of  Volumes  102 
Officers  of  'J'J 

Ilennepin  Canal  322 
History      ....                    5*23 

Percentage  of  Circula- 

Hospitals          322 

tion        ..                  .    '102 

Hotels                                322 

International       Money 
1     Order  System  —  87 

Present  Location  of  99 
Reference  Department.,103 

Houses    (see     "  Build- 
ings ")....             •    .    322 

Secretary  102 

House    Drainage    (see 

Mail  Matter,  First-Class.  89 

Visitors  During  1891...  103 

"Drainage  ")  322 
Hydrants  322 

Class  89 

PULLMAN,  GUIDE  TO. 

Ice  Houses  322 

Mail     Matter,      Second 
Class  89 

Allen  Paper  Car  Wheel 

Industries  ?22 
Insurance  322 

Mail  Matter,  Third  Class  89 

Amusements  319 

Iron  Machine  Shop  322 
Journals  322 

Arcade  319 

Labor    ;  323 

Officers  of  the  P.  O  87 

Arcade  Theater  819 

Lake  Calumet  322 

Architecture  319 

Lake  Michigan  322 

Art  .      319 

Lake  Vista  322 

Railway  Mail  Service  89 

Athletic  Association.  .  .  .  319 
Band  (see  "Music")          319 

Land  Association  323 
Leases               323 

Railway  Post  Offices  89 

Bank  319 

Library  322 

Receipts  for  1H91  90 

Birth  Rate  319 

Living  at  Pullman  323 

Receipts  of  Post  office  .  .  90 

Blacksmith  Shops  3  9  I 
Blocks                              319 

Lumber  Yards  323 
Machinery        323 

Registry  Department.  .  .  90 
Revenues  of  P.  O  90 
Salaries  of  Officers  90 
Sub-Stations  85 

Brass  Works  (see  "Union 
Foundry"  319 
Brick  Yards  319 

Manufacturing  .  .   323 
Market  32:  5 
Municipal  323 

U.  S.  Money  Order  Sys- 
tem    ...  90 

Buildinsr  s  320 
Business  Houses  320 
Calumet  Mfg.  Co            320 
Calumet  River                  320 

Music  323 
Nativity  323 
Necrology        (see 
"Health")  323 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

Cemeteries    320 

Operatives  (see  "Work- 

Census                               320 

men")  324 

Organization  .  324 

Children's  Work               320 

Paint  Works  324 

P       ijp       TSJ               1  SS  .h       V    Q1 

Churches                           320 

parks    324 

Est'd  Expenditures.!^.  98 

Columbia  Screw  Co  —  321 
Corliss  Engine                  320 

Passenger  Car  Shops  .  .  .324 
Pavements  324 

Board...                   ..  92 

Dairy  Farm  .               ...321 

Play  Grounds  32± 

GENERAL   INDEX. 


XV 


TOLLMAN,  GUIDE  TO— Con. 

Police 324 

Politics 3  .'4 

Power 324 

Pullman  Cars 324 

Pullman  City 324 

Pullman  Company  (see 
also  "Pullman  Palace 
Car  Company")  .  ...324 

Pullman  Farm 3;5 

Pullman  Iron  and  Steel 

Works 325 

Pullman  Land  Associ- 
ation  325 

Railroad 325 

Rents  325 

River  Calumet 325 

Secret  Societies 325 

Sewers  and  Sewage 32  > 

Schools 326 

Sidewalks 3. '5 

Social  Life 325 

Stables 325 

Steam  Heating ~.325 

Stores ;<~'t> 

Street  Railroad  325 

Streets 325 

Suburban  Trains 326 

Suburbs 326 

Tenants 326 

Terra  Cotta  Lumber  Co. 326 

Theater    32  i 

Trees 326 

Union  Foundry  and  Car 

Wheels  Works 32B 

AVages  326 

Watchmen 326 

Water 3^8 

Water  Tower 326 

Waterworks 326 

Women's  Work  327 

Workmen  327 

RAILROADS    AND     WHERE 
w ,.  THEY  LEAD  TO. 
,- Atch  son.Topeka  &  Santa 

<    Fe  478 

,  Baltimore  &  Ohio 480 

Chicago  &  Alton 438 

Chicago,    Burlington    & 

Quincy 482 

Chicago  &  Calumet  Ter- 
minal   490 

Chicago  Central 481 

Chicago  &  Eastern  111..  .491 
Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk.491 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 

St.  Paul 484 

Chicago  &  Northern  Pa- 
cific   492 

Chicago  &  North-west- 
ern   493 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 

Pacific    486 

Chicago,  St.  Paul  & 
KansasCity 48 


RAILROADS— Continued. 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis. .  .497 

Erie  Lines  498 

Grand  Trunk 499 

Illinois  Central 500 

Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 

Southern 503 

Louisville,  New  Albany 

Chicago  504 

Michigan  Central 504 

New  York  Central 504 

Northern  Pacific  505 

Pennsylvania  Lines (iti7 

Union  Pacific 508 

Wabash 510 

Wisconsin  Central  Lines.511 

REAL  ESTATE AND  BUILD- 
INGS. 

Building,  Comparative..  104 

Bldg.  Operations,  1891. .  .103 

Bldg.  Oper.  since  1876. .  .105 

,   Building  Permits,  1891..  104 

-"  Great  Bldgs.  of  1891 106 

Growth  of  Chicago 105 

Real  Estate  Market,  '91.  .105 
Real  Estate  Transfers. .  .105, 
School  Bldgs.  erect.  '91..  107 

SHIP  AND    DRAINAGE    CA- 
NAL. 

Changing     the     Water 

Flow 107 

Chicago    Sanitary  Dis- 

trict,Mapof 108 

Cost  of  the  Undertak'g.109 
Disposing  of  the  Chicago 

Sewage 109 

Drainage  Commission .  .107 
Map    of    Sanitary   Dis- 
trict    108 

Powers  of  Commission.. 107 
Route  of  theSbip  Canal. 109 
Uncertainty  as  to  Work 
on 112 

SOCIETIES. 

Art  Student's  League. .  .513 
Back  Lot  Societies  of 

Evanston 513 

Bar  Association 514 

Bohemian  Free  Think- 
ers  514 

British  American  Asso.514 
Canadian  Amer.  League  514 
Chicago  Academy  of 

Sciences .514 

Chicago    Astronomical 

Society 514 

Chicago  Democracy...  514 
Chicago  Historical  Soc'y  515 
Chicago  Law  Club  ...  515 
Chicago  Law  Institute.  .515 
Chicago  Orchestral 

Union 515 

Chicago  Philatelic  Soc'y  516 


SOCIETIES-Continued. 

Chicago  Soc'y  of  Deco- 
rative Art 5!6 

Chicago  Turngemeinde.516 

Columbian  Asso 516 

Cymrodorian  Soc'y.  517 

Dania  Soc'y 517 

Deutscher     Krieger 

Verein  517 

Garibaldi  Legion  517 

Germania  Soc'y  of  Chi.  518 
German  Mutual  Benefit 

Association 518 

Girl's  Friendly  Soc'y. .  ..518 

Horticultural  Soc'y 518 

Illinois  Humane  Soc'y.. 518 
Illinois  Soc.,  Sons  of  the 

American  Revolution. 519 
Ill.State  Bd.of  Charities  519 
Irish  Catholic  Coloniza- 
tion Ass'n 520 

Irish  Nat.  Burial  Ass. . .  520 
Luxemburg  Unterstuet- 

zungs  Verein 520 

Medical  Societies 520 

Moral  Education'l  Soc'y  520 

Naval  Vet.  Ass'n  520 

N.  W.  Associ'n  of  Horse 

Breeders 520 

N.  W.  Trav.  Men's  Ass.  .521 

Ogontz  Association 521 

Personal  Rights  League  521 
Philosophical  Society..  .522 
Physical  Culture  and 

Correct  Dress 232 

Plat  Deutsch  Verein 522 

Ref onn.Societies        ...  522 
Ridgeway    Ornithologi- 
cal Club 523 

Secret  Societies 523 

Singing  Societies 523 

Societa  Christof  oro  Col- 

umbo 523 

Societa    Francaise    D  e 

Secours  Mutual 523 

Societa  Itiliana  Unione 

e  Fratellanza 523 

Society  for  Ethical  Cul-  . 

ture 523 

Soldiers'  Home  Asso  . .  623 
South  End  Flower  Mis- 
sion  5'3 

St.  Andrew's  Society. . .  .523 
State  Microscopical  So- 
ciety  624 

State   Council   Catholic 

Benevolent  Legion — 524 
St.  Vincent  De  Paul  So- 
cieties   5?4 

Temperance  Societies. .  .524 

Turners'    Societies 524 

Typothetae,  The 524 

Union  Veteran  League. .524 
Unione  e  Fratellanza — 524 
Union  Veteran  Legion.. 525 
United  Commercial 
Travelers  of  America.525 


XVI 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


SOCIETIES-Contlnned. 
Western  Amateur  Press 

Asso 525 

Western  Society.  Army 

of  the  Potomac 525 

Woman's  Press  Asso  —  525 

Wonfan's  Alliance 526 

Woman's  Exchange 526 

SPECIAL  REFERENCE. 

Andrews,  A.  H.  &  Co.  ..626 
Blatchford,  E.  W.  &  Co. 024 
Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  &  Co  626 
Chicago  Rawhide  Mfg. 

Co  The 625 

Crown  Pianos  8c  Organe.C29 

Curry  Charles C.28 

Dodge  Mfg.  Co.  The.... 620 
Douglas'  Instantaneous 

Water  Heater 629 

Ely,  The  Edwards  Co .  .  .r«22 
Fooler,  E.  8.  &  W.  S.  ttf! 
Gregg  Electric  Cure  Co.630 
Gormully  &  Jeffery  Mfg. 

Co 631 

Henry  Dibblee  Co ... . .  ..621 

Irwin,  Green  &  Co  ....   623, 

James,  Fred  S.  &Co...  623 
Jenkins,  Kreer  &  Co...  627 
Kaestner,  Chas.  &  Co — 627 

KimbarkS.  D 630 

Marine  Engine  Works  ..621 
McDonald,  Charles..  .  .628 
New  York  Mutual  Life 

Insurance  Co  631 

Northwestern  Masonic 

Aid  Asso 632 

Northern  Assurance  Co. 

of  London 631 

Pettibone,  Mulliken  & 

Co 624 

Phenix  Lumber  Co.  Mil- 
waukee  • 531 

Plank  inton  Hotel,  Mil- 
waukee  ...531 

Rice  &  Whitacre  Mfg. 

Co 622 

Richardson  M.A.  Jr.  & 

Co 625 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co 628 

Sawyer-Goodman  Co 624 

S\yeet  Wallach  &  Co  ...620 
Victor  Colliau's  Hot 

Blast  Cupola,  Detroit. 529 
Vierling,  McDowell  & 

Co  626 

Warner  Bros.  Corset 

Mfgs 625 

Western  Wheel  Works..  6'S 

8T.4TE    INSTITUTIONS. 

Illinois  Asylum  for  Fee- 
ble Mind'eii  Child'n  ...  526 

Illinois  Central  Hospital 
for  the  Insane 526 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary 526 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS-Con. 

Illinois  Hospital  for  the 
Insane 5~'6 

Illinois  Institution  for 
the  Education  of  the 
Blind 526 

Illinois  Institution  for 
the  Education  of  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb 526 

Illinois  Northern  Hospi- 
tal for  the  Insane 527 

Illinois  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Home  527 

Illinois  Soldier  s' 
Orphans'  Home 527 

Illinois  Southern  Hospi- 
tal for  the  Insane 527 

Illinois  Southern  Peni- 
tentiary    627 

Illinois  State  Peniten'y  .627 

Illinois  State  Reform 
School 528 

TRIBUTARY  CITIES    AND 
TOWNS. 

Cincinnati 528 

Cleveland 528 

Columbus 628 

Council  Bluffs 528 

Des  Moines 528 

Detroit 529 

Galena 529 

Galesburg  *29 

Indianapolis 529 

Jackson  £29 

Jacksonville 530 

Kansas  City 530 

Keokuk 530 

Leavenworth 530 

Lincoln 530 

Louisville 531) 

Milwaukee 530 

Minneapolis  .  531 

Omaha 531 

Quincy 532 

Springfield 532 

St.  Joseph 532 

St.  Louis 532 

St.  Paul 532 

Tributary  Cities 533 

Tributary  Towns  in  Sur- 
rounding States 533 

Tributary  Towns,  Popu- 
lation of 533 

UNION  STOCK  YARDS. 

Area  covered  by 319 

A  rmour's  Great  Busi- 
ness  336 

"Big  Four  "  The 335 

Capacity  of 330 

Classification  of  Cattle.. 333 
Clay,  Robinson  &  Co.  ...336 
Currency  and  Weights.  332 
Disposing  of  receipts. . .  333 
Dressed  Beef  Business  .  .334 
Exchange,  The 335  | 


UNION   STOCK  YARDS— Con. 

How  Live  Stock  is  Rec'd  .331 

Location  of 329 

Method  of  Buying  and  .  .332 

Selling 332 

Packing  Companies 335 

Rules  and  Regulations.. 331 
Sights  in  Pack  ingtown..  337 
Slaughtering  the  Cattle  .334 
Union  Stock  Yards  Com. 329 

Wood  Bros 33*5 

Yardage  Charges,  etc  —  332 

WATER     TRANSPORTATION. 
-LAKE. 

Goodrich  Line 634 

Goodrich  Line,  Steam- 
ships of 534 

Goodrich  Line,  Descrip- 
tion of  the  "Virginia.. 534 

Graham  &  Morton  Trans- 
portation Co 533 

Lake  M.  &  Lake  S.  Trans. 
Co. 535 

WATER  WORKS. 

Central  PumpingWorks.112 
Description  of  Water 

Works  System 112 

Expenditure  since  1861 . .  113 
How  to  reach  Pumping 

Station    1  2 

How  to  reach  Crib 112 

Location    of    Pumping 

Stations 112 

New  Water  Tunnels —  114 
Source  of  Water  Supply.114 
Suburban  Water  Supply. lla 
Temperature  of  Lake 

Water 114 

Total    Cost    of     Water 

Works  to  1892 113 

Water  Supply  of  Envi- 
rons  115 

Water  Towers 114 

WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN    EX- 
POSITION. 

Act  of  Congress  author- 
izing World's  Fair  —  565 

Administration 537 

Administration  Build- 
insr.  Progress  of 551 

Agr't'l  Bldg.,  Prog- 
ress of 551 

Appropriations  of  For- 
eign Countries 646 

Art  Galleries,  Progress 
of 551 

Board  of  Architects  .  -  540 

Board  of  Control  and 
Management  of  U.  S. 
Government  Exhibit. .540 

Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers  640 

Board  of  Reference  and 
Conirol 638 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


XV11 


WORLD'S  COL.  EX. -Con. 

Building  Outlook  189 i.. 551 
Chicago  Stock  Subscrip- 
tion  550 

Chiefs  of  Departments.. 539 

Commissioners 638 

Committees    538 

Com.  of  the  Directory  of 
the  World's    Col.   Ex. 

on  Word's  Cong's fi44 

Congresses 544 

Dairy    Building,     Pro- 
gress of 552 

Dedicatory  Ceremonies.554 

Director  General 539 

Dutiable    Articles    Ex- 
hibited  556 

Electric  Lighting 552 

Electricty  Building, 

Progress  of 551 

Entrance  Pee    554 

Estimated  Value  of  Sal- 
vage   550 

Executive  Department. 539 

Exhibits 554 

Expenditures  to  Date  . .  549 
Exposition   Bldgs.,  An- 
nexes, etc 549 

Exposition  Bldgs.,  Area 

Covered 548 

Exposition  Bldgs.,  Cost. 

of 548 

Exposition    Bldgs.,    Di- 
mensions of 548 

Exposition   Bldgs.,   Ex- 
penditures     549 

Financial  Ability  of  Ex- 
position Company  . . .  550 

Financial  Resources 550 

Fisheries  Bldg.,  Progress 

of 551 

Foreign  Participation  ..546 
Forestry  Bldg.,  Progress 
of 551 


WORLD'S  COL.  EX.-Con. 

Geenral  Information  . .  .554 

General  Review  516 

Government    Aid   and 

Kecognition 547 

Government  Exhibits. .  .£56 
Hand-Hook  of  the  Expo- 
sition    559 

Headquarters 559 

Hotel  Accommodation.. 554 
Hoiticultural  Building, 

Progress  of 551 

Illinois  Bldg,  Progress  of  552 
Int.  earned  on  deposits.. 550 
Jackson  Pk.,  Prep,  at . .  .654 
Jackson  Park  and  Mid- 
way Plaisance 554 

Lighting  the    Buildings 

and  Grounds 552 

Local  Board 538 

Local  Bd.  of  Directors  .  .539 

Local  Bd.  Corn's 538 

MachinervHall,  Prog.of  551 
Manufactures  and   Lib- 
eral    Arts     Building, 

Progress  of 551 

Material  Used   in   Con- 
struction of  Buildings.552 

Medical  Bureau 540 

Mines  Bldg.,  Progress  of. 551 
Nations  Responding  ..  546 

Naval  Review 553 

Officers  of  Local  Board. P38 
Organization  of  Expo . .  .557 
Origin  of  World's  Fair 

Movement 555 

Power  of  Commission. .  .556 
Precautions  against  Fire552 

Preliminary  Work 555 

Pres.  Proclamation 556 

Pres.  Proclamation.Text 

Of 557 

Progress  of  Construct'n.551 
Prospective  Gate  Rec'ts.560 


WORLD'S  COL.  EX.-Con. 

Prospective  Receipts 
from  Concessions  and 

Privileges 650 

Restaurants  &  Cafes ....  664 
Sewerage     Arrange- 
ments   552 

Site  of  the  Exposition .  .558 

Special  Attractions 558 

Special  Exposition  Fea- 
tures   5f,4 

State  and  Territorial  Aid 

and  Recognition 547 

Stock  Subscriptions...   .550 
Total  cost  of   Exposi- 
tion   549 

Transportation 552 

Transportation    Bl  dg . , 

Progress  of 651 

Transportation,     In- 
crease of 559 

TJ. 8  Government  Bldg   552 

WaterSupply 552 

Woman's  Branch  of  the 
World's  Congress  Aux- 
iliary   545 

Woman's  Build'g,  Prog- 
ress of  551 

Women's  Work 553 

World's  Columbian  Com- 
mission  537 

World's  Congress, 

Arrangements  for. .  ..553 
World's  Congress  Aux^ 

iliary  541 

World's  Congress  Aux- 
iliary, Topic  to  be  Dis- 
cussed   558 

World's  Congresses  Pro- 
posed  544 

World's  Congress  De- 
partments   541 


The  publishers  desire  to  state  that  no  "paid"  matter  of  any  description  ichat- 
ever  appears  in  the  body  of  this  icork.  Commercial  houses,  corporations,  private 
interests  and  individuals  are  referred  to  only  because  a  Guide  to  Chicago  would  not 
be  complete  were  mention  of  them  omitted.  These  references  are  made  not  only 
without  previous  arrangement,  but  in  nearly  every  instance  without  the  knowledge 
of  the  houses,  corporations  or  persons  referred  to.  The  sole  aim  of  the  publishers  has 
been  to  make  a  perfect  hand-book.  Such  "paid  "  matter  as  appears  in  this  volume 
is  printed  plainly  aft  advertising. 


THE  FRONTISPIECE. 

The  Frontispiece  in  this  edition  of  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  is  taken 
from  the  Great  Oil  Pai//fii/>/  presented  to  Chicago  by  the  Contributors  to  the  Fin 
lit  lief  Fund  in  London,  England,  after  the  g  nut  fire  o/  1871.  There  was  a 
surplus  left  after  Chicago  had  received  all  the  a'ul  tlffmtit  nfressary,  and  this  was 
used  to  pay  for  the  painting  of  the  picture.  It  hangs  in  the  rooms  of  the  Historical 
Society .  Though  severely  criticised  as  a  Work  of  Art,  it  irill  become  yearly  more 
valuable  as  a  Historical  Souvenir. 


a  y 
6  t 


c    O 


CHICAGO. 


Not  in  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  though  bathed  in  all  the 
glorious  colorings  of  Oriental  fancy,  is  there  a  tale  which  surpasses  in  won- 
der the  plain,  unvarnished  history  of  Chicago.  And  it  is  probable  that  even 
Ihe  elastic  credulity  of  childhood,  which  from  generation  to  generation  has 
accepted,  without  question,  the  impossible  adventures  of  Aladdin,  Ali  Baba 
and  Sinbad  the  Sailor,  would  be  sorely  strained  if  confronted  with  the  story 
which  the  most  prosaic  historian  of  this  remarkable  city  is  called  upon  to 
tell. 

Chicago  is  one  of  the  wonders  of  modern  times.  Her  progress  amazes 
mankind.  There  is  not  on  record  an  achievement  of  human  intellect,  skill 
and  industry  that  will  bear  comparison  with  the  transformation  of  a  dismal 
swamp,  in  the  midst  of  a  trackless  desert,  within  the  span  of  a  human  life, 
into  one  of  the  mightiest  and  grandest  cities  on  the  globe. 

The  aim  of  this  volume  is  to  present  to  the  reader  the  results  attained  by 
the  people  of  Chicago  in  government,  art,  science,  culture,  commerce  and 
general  advancement.  To  do  this  within  the  limits  of  a  pocket  compendium 
has  required  exacting  labor  and  the  exercise  of  all  the  skill  which  the  com- 
piler could  command. 

Neither  Baedeker's  nor  Gallignani's  celebrated  guides,  which  European 
'ravelers  find  indispensable,  are  the  results  of  a  year's  or  of  ten  years'  labor. 
It  has  required  a  quarter  of  a  century  or  more,  and  frequent  alterations  and 
•evisions,  to  bring  them  up  to  their  present  degree  of  excellence.  It  requires 
lime  to  perfect  a  volume  of  this  character,  particularly  when  it  pretends  to 
'.over  faithfully  a  city  like  Chicago,  where  changes  of  magnitude  are  con- 
stantly occurring,  and  where  it  demands  all  the  watchfulness,  energy  and 
enterprise  of  the  editors  of  our  great  daily  newspapers  to  keep  up  with  the 
rapidly-moving  and  never-halting  procession  of  events. 

I  do  not  claim  for  "  The  Standard  Guide  "  any  more  or  less  than  that  it 
is  a  faithful  compilation.  I  have  sought  material  everywhere,  and  have  taken 
the  liberty  of  using  all  the  facts  and  -information  that  have  fallen  under  my 
eye. 

17 


18  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

I  take  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to  cheerfully  and  publicly  place  cm 
record  my  obligations  to  the  reporters  of  the  city  press,  whose  work  haa 
made  it  possible  for  me  to  collect  within  the  covers  of  this  volume  much  of 
the  information  it  contains. 

This  book,  I  believe,  will  prove  to  be  one  of  the  most  useful  ever  issued  in 
Chicago,  both  as  a  guide  and  an  encyclopedia,  and  valuable  alike  to  the  resi- 
dent and  the  stranger.  My  aim  has  been  to  place  this  city,  so  much  misrepre- 
sented of  late,  in  a  proper  light  before  the  World — to  convince  the  people  of 
all  countries  that  Chicago  is  not  merely  a  big,  bustling,  uncultivated  Westein 
town,  but  a  great  Modern  Metropolis,  whose  people  are  blessed  with  all  the 
advantages  and  surrounded  with  all  the  elevating  and  refining  influences 
enjoyed  by  the  residents  of  cities  ten  times  her  age.  This  volume  will  be 
read  extensively  throughout  America  and  Europe,  and  I  believe  it  will  con- 
tribute in  no  small  degree  toward  removing  the  erroneous  impressions  con. 
cerning  Chicago  and  her  people  which  have  found  a  lodgment  abroad. 

The  printing  and  binding  of  this  book  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  Messrs. 
Donohue  &  Henneberry,  who  have  performed  their  work  in  a  most  creditable 
manner.  The  photographic  views  from  which  the  half-tone  engravings  were 
taken,  were  furnished  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Taylor  ;  the  photogravures  were  made  by 
Vandercook  &  Co. 

THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  will  be  revised  and  issued  annually. 

JOHN  J.  FLINN. 
CHICAGO,  1891. 


The  above  appeared  as  the  preface  to  the  STANDARD  GUIDE  to  Chicago  for 
891.  I  have  nothing  to  add  to  it  except  this  :  That  the  sale  of  the  work 
justifies  me  as  its  compiler  in  pronouncing  it  a  success.  It  seems  to  have  met  a 
want  and  filled  it.  For  this  I  am  grateful,  and  as  an  earnest  of  my  gratitude,  I 
have  attempted  to  make  this,  the  revised  edition,  still  more  worthy  of  public 
patronage. 

JOHN  J.  FLINN. 

CHICAGO,  1892. 

PUBLISHERS'  NOTICE. 

In  this  volume  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  is  treated  merely  as  an 
incident  to  Chicago.  We  publish  a  "Hand-Book  of  The  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition,"  which  will,  we  are  satisfied,  be  accepted  by  the  public  as  a 
c  implete  compendium  of  information  concerning  the  World's  Fair.  It  has 
been  carefully  compiled  from  official  sources,  by  Mr.  John  J.  Flinn. 

THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  COMPANY. 


THE  MARVELOUS  CITY. 


A  BUSINESS  VIEW. 


Population  of  Chicago,  1837 

Population  of  Chicago,  1890  (IT.  8.  Census) 

Population  of  Chicago,  1890  (School  Census) 

Population  of  Chicago,  1892  (Estimated) 

Area  of  Chicago  in  Square  Miles,  1837 

Area  of  Chicago  in  Square  Miles,  1892 

Length  of  Chicago,  Lineal  Miles,  1892 

Width  of  Chicago,  Lineal  Miles,  1892 

Buildings  erected  in  Chicago  since  1876 

Cost  of  buildings  erected  since  1876 

Frontage  of  buildings  erected  since  1876,  miles 

Buildings  erected  in  Chicago  in  1891 

Cost  of  buildings  erected  in  1891 

Frontage  of  buildings  erected  in  1891,  miles 

Bank  Clearings  of  Chicago,  1866      - 

Bank  Clearings  of  Chicago,  1891 

Commerce  of  Chicago,  1850 

Commerce  of  Chicago,  1891 

Capital  of  Chicago  National  Banks,  1891 

Surplus  and  Profits  of  Chicago  National  Banks,  1891 

Value  of  Meat  Products  for  1891 

Receipts  of  Hogs  for  1891 

Receipts  of  Cattle  for  1891      - 

Wholesale  Business  of  Chicago,  1891 

Manufactured  Products  of  Chicago,  1891    - 

Wages  paid  Employes  of  Manufactories  for  1891 

Capital  Employed  in  Manufacturing,  1891 


4,170 

1,098,576 

1,208,669 

1,300,000 

10.70 

181.70 

24 

10 

67,868 

$309,309,379.00 

286 

11,626 

$54,010,500.00 
53 

$453,798,648.11 

$4,456,885,230.00 

$20,000,000.00 

$1,459,000,000.00 

-  $21,241,680.00 
$12,495,143.00 

-  $133,860,000.00 

8,600,865 

3,250,000 

$517,166,000.00 

-  $567,012,300.00 
$104,904,000.00 

-  $210,302,000.00 


THE  MARVELOUS  CITY. 


ANOTHER  VIEW. 


Investment  In  Public  Schools  to  Date  -      $58,000,000.00 

Pupils  Attending  Public  Schools  .           .              14.5  751 

Teachers  in  Chicago  Publie  Schools             ....  3  259 

Cost  of  Maintaining  Public  Schools,  1891  -           -   $5,013  435.86 

Academies  and  Seminaries  In  Chicago  .           -               359 

Universities  in  Chicago                                       -  ...              4. 

Private  Schools  in  Chicago  .           .               goo 

Pupils  Attending  Seminaries,  Private  Schools,  etc.  -                      -     70,000 

Teachers  in  Academies,  Seminaries,  etc.      -  •           -          12  000 

Enrollment  at  Night  Schools,  1891  .           .           .    12,000 

Cost  of  Night  Schools,  1891  $95,361.84 

Whole  number  of  Public  Schools  .           .          192 

Estimated  Cost  Public  Schools,  1892  -        $6,000,000.00 

Number  of  Children  of  School  Age  in  Chicago  289,433 

Number  of  Books  taken  from  Public  Library,  per  annum  -    1,290,514 

Number  of  Volumes  in  Public  Library  -              166475 

Number  of  Volumes  in  other  Libraries  -    3,000,000 

Number  of  Visitors  to  Public  Library  Reading  Room,  1891  -  492,837 

Reference  Books  Issued,  1891  .       326,619 

Visitors  to  Art  Institute,  1891      -  75,000 

Number  of  Daily  Newspapers  in  Chicago    -  -           -                 30 

Number  of  Weekly  Newspapers  305 

Total  Number  of  Periodical  Publications    -  611 

Productions  of  Bound  Books  in  Chicago,  1891  9,000,000 

Hospitals  in  Chicago  30 

Charitable  Asylums  in  Chicago  -           -           50 

Amount  Expended  in  Public  Charities  Annually    -  -        $5,000,000.00 
Amount  Contributed  Toward  Private  Charities  Annually      -    $3,000,000.00 

Number  of  Churches  in  Chicago       -  575 

Number  of  Literary  Organizations  -           .          725 

Number  of  Gentlemenls  Family  Clubs         -  89 

Area  of  Public  Parks,  Acres      -  -           -      1,974 


§  < 

•  3 

•O  < 

3  ^ 

o  5 


*  ^ 

£  X. 

"2  3 

Is 

s  -i 


PART  I. 

CHICAGO   AS  IT  WAS. 

In  order  that  the  visitor  may  thoroughly  appreciate  the  magnitude  and 
splendor  of  the  Chicago  of  the  present,  perhaps  it  would  be  well  enough  to 
take  a  glance  at  the  Chicago  of  the  past.  The  history  of  the  city  is  as  brief 
as  it  is  wonderful.  One  hundred  years  ago  the  ground  which  it  covers  was 
a  pathless  wilderness — an  almost  impenetrable  morass;  a  swamp,  out  of 
which  sprang  a  dense  growth  of  wild  and  tangled  grasses,  with  here  and 
there  a  mound  or  a  ridge  covered  with  wild  reeds,  or  oak  and  maple  trees, 
stunted  in  their  growth  but  luxuriant  in  their  foliage. 

Since  1673,  when  Joliet  and  Marquette,  induced  by  the  marvelous  tales 
told  them  by  the  Indians  regarding  the  Big  Water  that  laid  toward  the 
north,  gazed  upon  Lake  Illinois  (the  name  which  Lake  Michigan  bore  for 
many  years),  and  discovered  the  portage  of  the  Chicago,  or  Checagow,  as  the 
natives  pronounced  it,  a  number  of  French  explorers  and  missionaries  from 
the  South  and  Canadian  voyageurs  from  the  North  had  visited  the  spot  upon 
which  Fort  Dearborn  was  afterward  erected  by  the  United  States  govern- 
ment, then  in  its  infancy.  Louis  Joliet  was  the  agent  of  Count  Frontenac, 
the  Governor  of  "  New  France" — afterward  Louisiana;  and  Father  Jacques 
Marquette  was  a  priest  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  full  of  zeal  for  his  religion 
and  bent  upon  the  salvation  of  the  savage.  Some  writers  maintain  that  La 
Salle  preceded  Marquette,  but  the  doubt  as  to  this  is  decidedly  in  favor  of  the 
Jesuit  priest.  It  was  Joliet,  however,  who  first  made  the  outside  world 
acquainted  with  the  fact  that  such  a  stream  as  the  Chicago  river  existed,  by 
giving  it  a  place  in  a  roughly-drawn  map  which  accompanied  his  report  to 
the  French  governor.  Marquette  did  not  long  survive  his  arrival  at  Chicago 
Portage.  He  died  of  a  fever  contracted  in  the  malarial  swamp  during  the 
year  1675,  after  having  established  his  religion  among  the  Indians.  His 
successor  was  Father  Claude  Allouez,  who,  during  his  mission  to  the  Illi- 
nois, made  several  trips  to  this  section. 

The  Indians  had  given  the  name  which  this  city  bears  to  the  river.  To 
them  it  was  Eschikagow  or  Checagow.  There  are  various  stories  regarding 
its  origin.  It  is  known  that  a  chief  of  the  tribe  of  Illinois  was  named  "  Che- 
cagow "  and  that  he  was  sent  to  France  in  1725  and  had  "  the  distinguished 
honor  of  being  introduced  in  Paris  to  the  Company  of  the  Indies,"  but  the 

21 


22  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

river  was  called  Eschikagow  or  "  Checagow  "  long  before  this.  The  word 
"Checagow"  in  the  language  of  the  Illinois  meant  "  Onion;"  in  the  language 
of  the  Pottawatomies  it  signified  "  pole  cat."  The  probabilities  are  that  the 
stream  received  its  name  from  the  "  Onion,"  that  vegetable  having  been 
found  in  great  profusion  along  its  banks  by  the  early  explorers. 

La  Salle  in  1678  secured  a  patent  of  nobility  from  the  French  monarch 
and  a  grant  of  seignority  for  Fort  Frontenac  on  Lake  Ontario.  He  then 
undertook  the  task  of  Western  exploration,  and  visited  the  Mississippi  and 
Illinois  rivers  in  furtherance  of  his  object.  In  his  company  were  three 
Flemish  friars,  and  of  these  Fathers  Membre  and  Ribourde  became  the 
immediate  successors  of  Marquette  and  Allouez  in  the  Illinois  mission.  For 
nearly  a  hundred  years  we  read  of  a  succession  of  missions,  of  the  occa- 
sional arrival  of  an  emissary  of  the  French  government,  of  the  establishment 
of  trading  posts  here  and  elsewhere  along  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  but 
nothing  in  the  nature  of  a  permanent  settlement  is  mentioned,  and  it  is  plain 
that  no  idea  of  the  foundation  of  a  city  at  or  near  the  Chicago  Portage  ever 
entered  the  minds  of  the  few  adventurous  spirits  who  found  their  way  hither. 

The  first  settler  of  Chicago  was  a  fugitive  San  Domingoan  slave  named 
Point  De  Sable.  How  he  found  his  way  from  his  master's  plantations  to  the 
French  settlements  of  Louisiana  and  afterward  into  the  jungles  of  the  North- 
west is  unknown,  but  that  he  was  settled  in  a  cabin  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chi- 
cago river  and  was  leading  the  life  of  a  trapper  here  in  1779  is  a  settled  fact. 
Attention  is  called  to  his  existence  by  the  British  Commander  of  Fort  Mich- 
ilimacinac  in  a  letter  written  on  the  4th  of  July  of  the  year  mentioned,  who 
speaks  of  him  as  "  Baptiste  Point  De  Sable,  a  handsome  negro,  and  settled  at 
Eschikagow,  but  much  in  the  French  interest."  This  negro  became  quite 
prominent  as  a  fur  trader,  and  others  who  sought  to  obtain  a  share  of  the  prof- 
its obtained  through  barter  with  the  Indians  soon  gathered  around  him. 
Quite  a  settlement  of  these  trappers  and  traders  sprang  up  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river.  One  of  them,  a  Frenchman  named  Le  Mai,  bought  De  Sable  out. 
The  latter  died  shortly  afterward  at  Peoria.  Le  Mai  put  new  life  into  the 
business  and  caused  several  improvements  to  be  made  in  the  settlement. 
The  point  continued  to  grow  in  importance  as  a  trading  post,  and  Le  Mai 
became  quite  a  prosperous  if  not  a  wealthy  man.  He  continued  in  busi- 
ness here  until  1804. 

The  result  of  the  Anglo-French  colonial  war,  in  which  George  Wash- 
ington under  General  Braddock  first  achieved  military  distinction,  was  to 
deprive  France  of  all  territory  lying  upon  the  great  lakes  and  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  without  having  any  knowledge  of  the  fact,  for  the  scene  of 
operation  was  far  away  and  means  of  communication  were  few,  the  settle- 
ment of  Chicago  Portage  passed  under  the  protection  of  the  British  flag. 
Concerning  this  period,  Flinn,  in  his  history  of  Chicago,  says:  "In  all  the 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  WAS.  23 

subsequent  events,  the  session  of  Louisiana  to  Spain,  the  insurrection  of  the 
Indians  under  the  great  Pontiac,  and,  spurred  on  by  the  French  traders, 
the  attempt  of  the  Illinois  Chief  Chicago  to  drive  back  the  English;  the 
English  attempt  to  prevent  settlements  beyond  the  Ohio  river;  the  annexa- 
tion of  the  Northwest  to  Canada;  the  preparation  for  a  colonial  revolt  against 
King  George — through  all  these  events  Chicago  Portage  slumbered  obliv- 
iously in  her  desolate  neck  of  the  woods,  as  blissfully  ignorant  of  the  world 
as  the  world  could  possibly  be  of  her." 

While  negotiations  for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  by  the  United  States 
government  were  in  progress  the  project  of  building  a  fort — a  sort  of  an  out- 
post of  civilization — at  the  southern  extremity  of  Lake  Michigan,  was  being 
entertained  by  Congress.  From  the  close  of  the  Re  volution  it  had  been  remem- 
bered that  British  influence  among  the  warriors  who  overran  the  West,  and 
who  could  be  counted  in  bands  of  thousands  along  the  upper  lakes,  was  gain- 
ing headway,  and  it  became  necessary  with  the  acquisition  of  the  new  terri- 
tory that  the  United  States  government  should  make  some  demonstration  of 
its  strength  in  order  to  counteract  the  pernicious  effects  of  England's  tactics. 
The  Indians  could  be  made  very  troublesome  to  us  by  the  artifices  of  a  nation 
that  was  secretly,  if  not  openly,  still  an  enemy  of  the  republic.  Hence  the 
proposition  to  build  a  fort. 

The  mouth  of  the  St.  Joseph  river  on  the  east  bank  of  the  lake  was  first 
proposed  as  the  proper  site  for  the  outpost,  but  the  friendly  Indians  were 
hostile  to  the  measure,  withheld  their  consent  to  its  construction,  and  the 
government  commissioners,  in  the  interest  of  peace,  decided  to  select  another 
location. 

Across  the  lake  from  St.  Joseph  was  the  Chicago  Portage,  where 
a  piece  of  territory  six  miles  square  had  been  'ceded  to  the  government 
by  the  Indians.  The  mere  fact  that  the  government  was  the  owner  of 
these  six  miles  square  appears  to  have  been  the  most  potent  influence  brought 
to  bear  upon  the  commissioners.  Beyond  the  fact  that  the  government  owned 
this  little  piece  of  land  in  the  wilderness,  there  was  no  particular  reason  why 
the  fort  should  be  located  here,  except  that  the  Chicago  river  emptied  into 
the  lake  at  this  point,  and  from  the  Chicago  communication  could  be  had  by 
water  with  the  interior.  The  undertaking  was  considered  at  the  time  a  bold 
one,  as  the  post  would  be  far  removed  from  the  borders  of  civilization,  and 
the  safety  of  its  defenders  would  depend  in  great  measure  upon  the  friend- 
ship of  the  Illinois  and  Pottawatomie  Indians.  An  order  for  the  construc- 
tion of  the  works  was  issued  by  the  War  Department  in  1803.  There  were  no 
American  military  outposts  nearer  than  Detroit  and  Michilimacinac  at  this 
time.  A  company  of  United  States  soldiers  was  stationed  at  the  latter  place, 
under  command  of  Capt.  John  Whistler,  an  officer  of  the  Revolution,  and 
to  him  was  intrusted  the  work  of  establishing  the  new  fort.  Two  young 


24  GUIDE  TO   CfilCAGO. 

lieutenants,  William  Whistler,  the  Captain's  son,  and  James  S.  Swearington 
from  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  assisted  him  in  command.  To  the  latter  he  gave  in 
charge  the  difficult  and  dangerous  task  of  conducting  the  soldiers  through  the 
forests  of  Michigan  to  Chicago,  while  with  his  wife,  his  son  and  his  son's 
wife — a  young  bride — he  embarked  on  the  United  States  schooner  "Tracy' 
for  the  same  destination. 

The  schooner  arrived  in  front  of  the  settlement  on  July  4,  1808.  The 
mouth  of  the  river  was  choked  with  sand,  driftwood  and  weeds.  On  the 
sand  bar  the  schooner  discharged  her  cargo  of  ammunition,  arms  and 
provisions  into  small  boats  which  were  rowed  into  the  river,  and  landed  at 
the  spot  where  the  fort  was  to  be  erected.  There  were  at  this  point  three 
rude  huts  occupied  by  French  fur  traders  with  their  Indian  wives  and  broods 
of  half-breed  children.  But  the  news  of  the  projected  work  had  been  noised 
around  the  country,  and  nearly  2,000  Indians  were  present  to  witness  the 
debarkation.  In  the  presence  of  these  natives  the  United  Stales  flag  was 
planted  on  a  spot  made  venerable  with  the  memories  of  130  years  of  transient 
French  occupation.  The  fort  was  not  completed  until  the  following  year. 
It  occupied,  according  to  Eastman,  "  one  of  the  most  beautiful  sites  or 
the  lake  shore.  It  was  as  high  as  any  other  point,  overlooking  the  sur 
face  of  the  lake,  commanding  as  well  as  any  other  view  on  this  flat 
surface  could,  the  prairie  extending  north  to  the  belt  of  timber  along  the 
south  branch  and  on  the  north  side,  and  the  white  sand  hills  both  to  the 
north  and  south,  which  had  for  ages  past  been  the  sport  of  the  lake  winds.' 
Around  the  fort,  little  by  little,  began  to  gather  the  wild  anc" 
restless  adventurers  who  blazed  the  path  of  civilization  through  thr 
trackless  forests.  Now  and  then  hunters  "dropped  in,"  liked  thr 
place  and  stayed.  Little  by  little  the  three  log  huts  which  the  schoone? 
"Tracy"  had  found  here  became  surrounded  by  a  little  village  of  simila" 
huts,  but  their  occupants,  instead  of  being  French  traders  with  squaw  wives 
were  more  closely  allied  by  race  and  disposition  to  the  soldiers  within  th<- 
palisades.  There  were  Indians  about  in  great  numbers,  but  they  wer^ 
friendly  and  manageable  as  a  rule.  The  post  continued  to  be  entirely  isolated 
from  the  rest  of  the  Caucasian  race  on  the  continent,  and  save  for  an  occa 
sional  visit  from  a  supply  schooner,  its  little  garrison  might  well  have  been 
impressed  with  the  belief  that  all  the  world  had  forgotten  them. 

The  war  between  the  United  States  and  England  in  1812,  was  the  cause 
of  that  important  event  in  the  history  of  Chicago,  the  massacre  of  Fort  Dear- 
born. The  French  settlers  previous  to  this  time  bad  been  driven  out  of  Illi- 
nois by  the  English,  and  the  latter  had  worked  their  way  steadily  into  the 
confidence  and  affections  of  the  Indians.  They  had  been  taught  by  English 
agents  and  emissaries  that  the  Americans  were  attempting  to  rob  them  of 
their  hunting  grounds  and  led  to  believe  that  if  they  would  join  their  fortunes 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  WAS.  25 

with  the  British  the  Americans  would  be  driven  out  of  the  country.  The 
Shawnees,  a  powerful  western  tribe,  had  been  thoroughly  blinded  by  the 
English  and  had  given  themselves  over  bodily  to  the  enemy,  with  the  great 
chief  Tecumseh  attheir  head.  This  chieftain  was  as  eloquent  as  he  was  brave. 
He  talked  to  the  friendly  Pottawatomie  chiefs,  worked  upon  their  credulity 
and  gained  their  adhesion  to  the  English  cause.  Several  of  them  had  fought 
by  his  side  at  Tippecanoe  the  year  before,  and  it  is  stated,  on  good  authority, 
that  Tecumseh  contemplated  the  destruction  of  Fort  Dearborn  even  then, 
and  would  have  carried  his  design  into  execution  were  it  not  for  the  defeat 
he  suffered  in  that  memorable  engagement. 

He  was  an  energetic  man,  and  he  wandered  through  the  wilderness 
constantly  in  search  of  new  allies  to  assist  him  in  driving  the  white  settlers 
east  of  the  Ohio  river.  He  succeeded  in  forming  an  alliance  of  this  charac- 
ter with  the  Winnebagoes  of  Rock  River. 

The  officers  who  were  originally  in  command  of  Fort  Dearborn  were 
replaced  in  1811  by  Capt.  Heald,  Lieut.  Helm,  Ensign  George  Ronan  and 
Surgeon  Van  Voorhees.  The  garrison,  at  the  time,  contained  sixty-six 
soldiers.  John  Kinzie,  the  first  "prominent  citizen, "was  living  with  his 
family  close  to  the  fort.  There  were  a  few  straggling  farm-houses  along  the 
river.  Inside  the  palisades  dwelt  the  wives  of  Capt.  Heald  and  Sergeant 
Holt,  and  three  other  women,  the  wife  of  a  French  trader  named  Ouilmette, 
a  Mrs.  Boriou,  her  sister,  and  Mrs.  Corbin,  the  wife  of  a  soldier.  The  Kinzie, 
Burns  and  White  families  were  the  most  prominent  in  the  settlement. 

Everybody  acquainted  with  American  history  will  recall  readily  the  disas- 
trous defeats  and  humiliations  which  befell  our  armies  in  the  Northwestduring 
the  early  months  of  the  War  of  1812.   Fort  Michilimacinac,  Mich., the  nearest 
post  to  Fort  Dearborn ,  had  fallen .  Finally  the  garrison  at  Detroit,  together  with 
the  town  and  the  entire  territory  of  Michigan,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Brit- 
ish.    General  Hull,  who  was  in  command,  was  tried  by  court  martial  and 
sentenced  tobe  hanged,  a  sentence  never  executed,  however,  for  it  developed 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  government  and  the  country  shortly  afterward 
that  the  War  Department,  which  had  been  inefficiently  conducted,   was 
really  responsible  for  the  disaster.     Some  days  before  surrendering  he  had 
the  forethought  and  the  manliness  to  acquaint  Captain  Heald,  commander  of 
Fort  Dearborn,  with  the  situation,  to  warn  him  of  the  impending  danger  and 
to  urge  him  and  the  little  garrison  to  evacuate  the  fort  and  retreat  to  Fort 
Wayne.     This  was  the  first  intimation  Fort  Dearborn  had  received  of  the 
declaration  of  war  with  England  and  the  unfortunate  disasters  which  had 
followed.     The  news  created  consternation  and  confusion  bordering  upon 
panic.    To  make  matters  worse,  there  was  anything  but  harmony  existing 
between  Heald  and  his  subordinates     The  latter  decided  upon  evacuation 
without  consulting  with  his  officers,  in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  Kinzie, 


26  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

who  was  powerful  among  the  settlers,  and  against  the  advice  of  Winne- 
mac,  the  friendly  chief,  who  had  brought  the  tidings  from  Hull.  The 
latter  had  suggested,  or  ordered,  that  the  supplies  contained  in  the  fort 
be  distributed  among  the  Indians.  When  arguments  failed,  and  Kinzie 
found  that  Heald  could  not  be  turned  from  his  purpose,  he  begged  the 
commander  to  evacuate  at  once,  before  news  of  the  American  defeats  and  the 
peril  of  their  position  became  noised  «,mong  the  tribes.  Heald,  however, 
obstinately  insisted  upon  postponing  the  move  till  he  could  summon  all  the 
Indians,  in  order  to  divide  the  supplies  among  them.  Winnemac  saw  clearly 
the  danger  of  this  course,  and  advised  that  the  fort  be  abandoned  without 
delay,  with  everything  left  as  it  was;  so  that  while  the  Indians  were  ransack- 
ing the  place,  and  gorging  themselves  with  the  provisions,  the  garrison  might 
safely  escape.  He  knew  that  the  savages  had  become  generally  hostile. 
Further  appeals  to  Heald  from  officers  and  settlers  proved  to  be  of  no  avail. 
On  August  12th,  a  council  of  Pottawatomies  was  assembled  and  called  to 
order  by  Captain  Heald,  in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  who  accompanied  him 
to  the  place  of  meeting  outside  the  palisades.  This  council  passed  off  peace- 
ably enough,  Capt.  Heald  promising  to  evacuate  the  fort  and  distribute  the 
supplies  and  all  surplus  ammunition  and  arms  within  the  garrison.  The 
Indians  were  also  to  receive  a  liberal  gift  of  money.  The  Indians  appeared  to 
be  satisfied.  They  had  not  as  yet  heard  of  the  American  defeat,  Capt.  Heald 
remaining  silent  on  that  subject.  It  was  conveyed  to  them,  however,  by 
Tecumseh,  who  promised  them  a  glorious  opportunity  of  driving  the  whites 
forever  out  of  the  hunting-grounds. 

The  effect  of  this  intelligence  was  to  make  the  Indians  at  once  more 
insolent  than  ever.  Heald,  in  a  foolish  effort  to  correct  a  criminal  mis- 
take, decided  to  distribute  provisions  only,  and  to  destroy  the  arms  and  ammu- 
nition. The  Indians  prowling  around  the  fort  found  fragments  of  muskets, 
flint-locks  and  broken  powder  casks  thrown  in  a  well,  and  at  the  river  bank 
a  number  of  headless  whisky  casks.  When  these  discoveries  were  reported  to 
the  multitude  of  red-skins  now  assembled,  their  rage  knew  no  bounds.  They 
justly  looked  upon  Heald's  act  as  a  piece  of  treachery,  and  it  compromised 
all  the  good  fellowship  that  existed  between  the  Indians  and  the  garrison,  and 
even  the  Chief  Black  Partridge,  who  had  always  been  friendly,  threw  off  his 
allegiance  and  became  an  enemy. 

Rumors  of  the  threatened  danger  at  Fort  Dearborn  had  reached  Fort 
Wayne.  Capt.  Wells  stationed  there  was  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Heald.  He 
started  with  fifteen  Miamis  to  the  rescue,  and  arrived  on  August  14th,  find- 
ing the  garrison  without  hope  of  deliverance.  Evacuation  at  any  cost  had 
now  been  determined  upon.  Starvation  was  the  only  alternative.  Kinzie 
left  his  family  in  charge  of  some  friendly  Indians,  and  volunteered  to  accom- 
pany the  troops.  His  influence  with  the  savages  was  great,  and  it  was  hoped 
that  his  presence  might  prevent  an  attack. 


CHICAGO   AS   IT  WAS.  2? 

The  evacuation  occurred  on  the  morning  of  the  15th.  It  was  a  sad  spec- 
tacle. As  the  inmates  left  the  palisades  they  were  preceded  by  the  post 
band  which  played  the  Dead  March.  Not  a  man  or  a  woman  among  them 
expected  to  reach  Fort  Wayne.  All  felt  that  their  doom  was  sealed.  Capt. 
Wells  led  the  little  band  of  Miamis  which  formed  the  van.  He  had  black- 
ened his  face  in  token,  it  is  said,  of  his  impending  fate. 

The  evacuating  party  consisted  of  the  garrison,  about  sixty  five  men, 
officers  included;  the  Miamis  and  leader,  the  wives  and  children  of  officers, 
soldiers  and  settlers — about  one  hundred  and  twenly-five  persons,  all  told. 
They  took  their  route  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  lake  beach.  This  was 
skirted  by  a  range  of  sand  hills.  To  the  west  of  these  hills,  or  say  from  the 
line  of  the  present  State  street  inward  was  the  prairie  or  swamp  lands,  dry  in 
the  month  of  August,  1812.  Much  to  the  alarm  of  the  fugitives  the 
Pottawatomies  took  the  prairie  on  the  west  side  of  the  sand  hills, 
and  followed  them  at  a  distance.  They  must  have  reached  a  point 
on  the  shore  at  the  foot  of  the  present  Eighteenth  street,  when  Capt. 
Wells,  who  had  been  riding  in  advance,  came  galloping  back  with  the 
announcement,  "  They  are  about  to  attack  us,  form  instantly  and  charge  upon 
them."  These  words  were  echoed  by  a  volley  from  the  sand  hills.  The 
massacre  had  begun.  ^ 

At  the  very  first  discharge  of  the  enemies'  muskets,  Capt.  Wells'  band  of 
Miamis  fled  precipitately,  their  chief  following. 

The  whites  fought  with  all  the  courage  and  energy  of  desperation. 
Again  and  again,  the  attacks  of  the  Pottawatomies  were  repulsed,  with  great 
losses  on  both  sides.  Ensign  Ronan,  mortally  wounded  and  kneeling  on  the 
sand,  loaded  and  fired  with  deadly  precision  until  he  fell  exhausted.  Kinzie 
and  Capt.  Wells  were  fighting  like  madmen  to  protect  the  women  and  children. 
While  the  whites  were  charging  on  a  squad  of  Indians  hidden  in  a  ravine, 
a  young  Indian  brute  climbed  into  a  baggage  wagon  in  which  were  the  chil- 
dren of  the  white  families,  twelve  in  number,  and  slaughtered  every  one  of 
them.  The  number  of  whites  had  been  reduced  to  twenty-eight.  After  hard 
fighting  near  the  ravine  the  little  band  succeeded  in  breakingthrough  the  enemy 
and  gaining  a  rising  ground  not  far  from  the  present  Oakwoods,  or  between 
Thirty-Fifth  and  Fortieth  streets.  The  contest  now  seemed  hopeless,  and 
Lieut.  Helm  sent  Perish  Leclere,  a  half-breed  boy  in  the  service  of  Kinzie, 
to  propose  terms  of  capitulation.  It  was  stipulated  that  the  lives  of  survivors 
should  be  spared,  and  a  ransom  permitted  as  soon  as  possible. 

It  was  then  that  the  tidings  of  the  massacre  of  the  children  reached 
Capt.  Wells.  "Is  this  their  game,"  he  cried,  "butchering  women  and 
children.  Then  I  will  kill  too  !  " 

So  saying  he  started  for  the  Indian  camp,  where  the  Indians  had  left 
their  squaws  and  children,  pursued  closely  by  Pottawatomies.  He  laid  him- 


28  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

self  flat  on  the  neck  of  his  horse,  loading  and  firing  in  that  position,  as  fce 
would  occasionally  turn  on  his  pursuers.  At  length  his  horse  was  killed 
under  him,  and  he  was  seriously  wounded.  While  a  couple  of  friendly 
Indians  were  trying  to  drag  him  to  a  place  of  safety  he  was  stabbed  in  the 
back  and  killed.  It  is  said  the  Indians  took  out  his  heart  and  chopped  it  into 
little  pieces.  Mrs.  Corbin,  the  soldier's  wife,  fought  like  a  tigress  and 
refused  to  surrender,  although  safety  and  kind  treatment  were  promised  her, 
and  was  finally  cut  to  pieces.  Sergeant  Holt  finding  himself  mortally 
wounded,  gave  his  sword  to  his  wife,  who  was  on  horseback,  telling 
her  to  defend  herself.  She,  too,  was  wounded  by  Indians,  who  endeav- 
ored to  capture  her  alive.  She  fought  with  desperation,  and  finally 
breaking  away,  fled  to  the  prairies.  She  was  captured,  however,  but 
her  bravery  saved  her  life,  and,  after  some  months  of  captivity,  was  turned 
over  to  her  friends.  Mrs.  Heald,  who  was  wounded,  was  on  the  point  of 
being  scalped,  when  a  friendly  Indian  saved  her  life.  Kinzie  escaped  and 
his  family  was  unmolested  during  the  outbreak.  Two-thirds  of  the  evacuating 
party  were  massacred.  The  remainder  were  finally  returned  to  freedom. 

Of  course  this  event  broke  up  the  settlement  at  Chicago  Portage.  The 
fort  was  completely  destroyed  and  the  homes  of  the  settlers  were  burned 
down.  The  place  remained  desolate  until  1814,  when  the  Government  com- 
menced the  rebuilding  of  Fort  Dearborn. 

The  new  fort  occupied  the  exact  site  of  the  one  destroyed,  and  resembled 
it  in  construction.  The  government  at  this  time  also  ordered  a  survey  of  the 
water-course  between  Chicago  and  the  Illinois  river.  John  Kinzie  and  family 
returned.  The  settlement  began  to  fill  up  for  the  second  time.  Communi- 
cation was  opened  with  towns  and  settlements  in  southern  Illinois.  The  tide 
of  emigration  turned  toward  the  West.  The  waste  places  were  taken  up  rap- 
idly under  the  homestead  act.  Illinois  was  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1818. 
Chicago  began  to  assume  the  appearance  of  a  thrifty  village,  and  from  that 
time  on,  though  interrupted  now  and'then  by  dreadful  calamities,  her  course 
has  been  steadily  upward  and  onward.  These  calamities,  as  well  as  all  other 
events  in  her  history,  are  noted  under  appropriate  headings  in  the  Encyclopedia 
of  this  work. 


[Engraved  tor  The  Standard  Guide  Company.} 

THE  GRANT  STATUE,  LINCOLN  PARK. 

[See  "  Grant  Statue."] 


PART  II. 

CHICAGO  AS  IT  IS. 

Chicago,  Cook  County,  State  of  Illinois,  United  States  of  America,  is  the 
second  city  on  the  American  continent  in  point  of  population  and  commerce. 
Among  the  cities  of  the  civilized  world,  it  is  only  outranked  in  population  by 
London,  Paris,  New  York,  Vienna  and  Berlin,  in  the  order  named.  The  U.  S. 
census,  taken  in  June,  1890,  placed  the  number  of  inhabitants  at  1,098,576. 
The  school  census,  taken  at  the  same  time,  generally  believed  to  be  far  more 
reliable,  increased  the  number  to  1,208,669.  Since  then  new  districts  have 
been  annexed  to  the  city,  and  the  former  ratio  of  increase  has  been  more 
than  maintained,  so  that  a  conservative  estimate  of  the  population  of 
Chicago,  in  the  summer  of  1892,  brings  the  figures  up  to  1,300,000. 

The  City  of  Chicago,  incorporated  March  4, 1837,  comprised  ' '  the  district 
of  country  in  the  County  of  Cook,  etc. ,  known  as  the  east  %  of  the  south- 
west 1^  of  section  33,  township  40  north,  range  14  east ;  also  the  east  J^  of 
sections  6,  7, 18  and  19,  all  of  fractional  section  3,  and  of  sections  4,  5,  8,  9  and 
fractional  section  10  (except  the  southwest  fractional  J^  thereof ,  occupied  as  a 
military  post,  until  the  same  shall  become  private  property),  fractional  section 
15 ;  sections  16,  17,  20,  21  and  fractional  section  22,  township  39  north,  range 
14  east. "  Since  then  there  have  been  twelve  extensions  of  the  city  limits. 

The  rapid  growth  of  Chicago  has  been  an  enigma  to  those  who  have  not 
intelligently  investigated  the  conditions  which  have  led  to  it.  In  reality  it 
hasonly  kept  pace  with  the  country  of  which  it  is  the  natural  commercial  center. 
Situated  as  it  is  on  the  southwest  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  41°  52'  N.  lat. 
and  87°  52'  W.  long.,  854  miles  from  Baltimore,  the  nearest  point  on  the 
Atlantic  seaboard,  and  2,417  miles  from  the  Pacific  ocean,  directly  on  the 
highways  from  East  to  West  and  from  the  Great  Northwestern  States  to  the 
Atlantic;  having  all  the  advantages  of  a  seaport  town  combined  with  those  of 
a  great  inland  feeder,  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  within  the  space  of  half 
a  century  it  grew  from  a  mere  hamlet  to  the  dimensions  of  a  great  metropolis. 

In  1837  the  population  of  Chicago  was  4,170.    Ten  years  later  it  was 

29 


30 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


16,859.  In  1855  it  had  grown  to  80,000.  In  1860  it  was  100,206.  In  1866  it 
was  200,418.  In  1870  it  was  306,605.  In  1880  it  was  503,185.  In  1886  it  was 
703,817.  In  1889,  Hyde  Park,  Lake,  a  part  of  Cicero,  Jefferson  and  Lake 
View,  outlying  towns,  which  had  in  fact  years  before  become  parts  of  the 
city,  were  annexed,  and  the  school  census  of  that  year  gave  the  population  of 
the  city  at  1,066,213. 


BANKING. 

Chicago  in  volume  of  banking  business  transacted  ranks  next  to  New 
York,  although  Boston  usually  occupies  second  place  in  the  clearing-house 
column  which  is  published  by  the  papers.  Boston  has  fifty-one  banks  that 
clear,  while  Chicago  has  but  twenty-two,  yet  the  Chicago  banks  relatively  do 
more  business  than  the  Boston  banks.  The  fact  that  the  clearing-house 
figures  apparently  give  Boston  a  larger  business  cuts  no  figure  in  actual  facts. 
Chicago  really  is  the  second  city  of  the  country  in  financial  affairs. 

I        Clearances  for  1891. — The  following  were  the  monthly  totals  of  clearings 
by  the  associated  banks  of  this  city  for  1891: 


Month. 

1891. 

1890. 

January         

$    315,552,663 

$^96,038,598 

February  

293,2'<25,066 

2:3,062,263 

333,991,989 

304,703,836 

April      .          .          .           

347,709,049 

323,624,385 

May  

391,093,736 

374,969  955 

374,708  913 

358,607  984 

July                                

362.129,768 

350,804,127 

August                      

361,884,577 

342,118  026 

September                       

398.157,726 

359,984,613 

October  ..                     

421,521,165 

405,679,992 

401,965  054 

36i  309  585 

December  

423,945,524 

359,252,540 

Total          .             

$4,456,885,230 

$4,093,  H.>,904 

Total  1889                                                     

3  379  925  189 

Total  1888            

3,163774,463 

Total  1887    

2,969,216,211 

Total  1886    

2,604,762,912 

Clearances,  Comparative.— The  following  shows  the  bank  clearings  from 
1866  to  1891  inclusive: 

1879....  1,257,756,124.31 

1880 1,7~'5,684,894.85 

1881 2,249,329,924.73 

1882  2,393,437,874.35 

1883  "      2,517.371,581.21 

1884.'  2,259,680,391.74 

1885  2,318,579,003.07 

1886.'    2,604,762,912.35 

1887  ....  2,969,216,210.60 

1888. '         3,163,774,462.68 

1889...!      3,379,925,188.67 

1890..       4,093,145,904.00 

1891 4,456,885,230.00 


1866 8  453,798,648.11 

1867 580,727,331.43 

1868 723,293,144.91 

1869 734,664,949.91 

1870 810,676,036.28 

1871 868,936,754.64 

1872 993,060,503.47 

1873....        1,047,027,828.33 

1874 1,101,347,918.41 

1875... 1,212,8]',  ,207.54 

1876...    1,110,093,6?4.37 

1877 1,044,678,475.70 

1878... 967,184,093.07 


CHICAGO    AS   IT   IS. 


31 


Condition  of  State  and  National  Banks. — The  following  tables  prepared 
from  the  last  statements  furnished  by  the  State  banks  to  the  Auditor  and  the 
national  banks  to  the  Comptroller  are  matters  of  interest  and  pride  to  every 
Chicagoan,  and  clearly  establish  the  financial  precedence  of  Chicago  over  all 
competitors  with  the  exception  of  New  York. 


Deposits  subject  to  check- 

$    58  179  588 

, 

29  831,158 

$88  000  726 

15605907 

15  605907 

Time  and  demand  certificates— 

4  604  687 

5  118  008 

9  722  695 

To  the  credit  of  banks  and  bankers- 
National  banks       

50,961,740 

4  238  461 

55200201 

$168  5''8  559 

The  capital,  surplus  and  undivided  profits  of  the  national 
banks- 
Capital             »  

$21,298,680 

9  378  950 

Undivided  profits  

3,116,193 

$34  793  823 

State  banks  — 
Capital                         

12,327,000 

3,869,000 

1  8H9  288 

18  065  288 

fotal                           ,                             

$  52  859  111 

There  was  not  a  single  bank  failure  in  Chicago  during  the  year  1891. 
'Since  the  panic  of  1873  there  have  been  fewer  bank  failures  in  Chicago  than 
in  any  other  large  American  city. 

BOARD  OF  TRADE  TRANSACTIONS. 

The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  is  a  world -renowned  commercial  organization. 
Itexercisesawiderand  a  more  potential  influence  over  the  welfare  of  mankind 
than  any  other  institution  of  its  kind  in  existence,  for  it  practically  regulates 
the  traffic  in  breadstuffs  the  world  over.  Its  transactions  are  of  far  more 
importance  to  humanity  in  general  than  are  those  of  the  Exchange  of  London, 
the  Bourse  of  Paris,  or  the  Stock  Exchange  of  New  York.  The  volume  of 
business  transacted  on  the  floor  of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  annually  is 
amazing;  the  fortunes  made  and  lost  within  the  walls  of  the  great  building 
every  year  astonish  the  world.  The  membership  of  the  Board  of  Trade  is 
about  2,000 — nearly  all  young  men,  full  of  the  genuine  Chicago  spirit  of 
enterprise,  pluck  and  perseverance.  Notwithstanding  the  severe  criticisms  to 
which  the  methods  of  the  Board  have  been  subjected  from  time  to  time,  the 
commercial  honesty  and  personal  integrity  of  the  members  are  recognized 
everywhere.  On  the  Board  of  Trade  there  is  a  code  of  moral  ethics  which 
can  not  be  violated  with  impunity.  The  member  who  is  not  known  to  be 


GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 


commercially  honorable,  or  whose  word  has  once  been  broken,  or  who  has 
been  detected  in  a  disreputable  transaction,  loses  caste  among  his  fellows  and 
is  shunned  for  all  time.  Men  lose  fortunes  here  because  they  risk  them,  not 
on  a  game  of  chance,  but  in  a  trial  of  judgment.  The  Board  of  Trade 
building  is  om  of  the  architectural  monuments  of  Chicago.  (See  "Board  of 
Trade  Building.")  The  volume  of  business  done  on  the  Chicago  Board  of 
Trade  during  the  year  1891  was  largely  in  excess  of  any  previous  year  of  its 
history.  The  grain  and  produce  business  of  Chicago  is  transacted  on  the 
Board  of  Trade.  The  following  exhibits  will  give  the  stranger  an  idea  of  the 
immensity  of  the  business  done: 

Barley — Receipts  and  Shipments:    The  following  table  exhibits  the  receipts 
and  shipments  of  barley  in  this  market  during  the  past  twenty-two  years: 


YEAR. 

RECEIVED 
BUSHELS. 

YEAR. 

SHIPPED 
BUSHELS. 

1870 

3335653 

1870          

2,584,692 

1871                   

4  069  410 

1871  

2,908,113 

1872         

2,251,750 

1872  

5,032,308 

1873                    

4240239 

1873  

3,366041 

1874              

4  354  981 

1874    

3,404,538 

1875           

3  107,279 

1875  

1,868,206 

1876               

4  716  360 

1876        

2,687  932 

1877 

4  990,370 

1877  

4,213,646 

1878 

5  754  059 

1878          .... 

3,520  983 

1879  

4,936,562 

1879  

3,566,401 

1880                      

5  211,536 

1880  

4,110,985 

1881 

5  695  358 

1881 

3,113  251 

18S2 

6488  140 

1882    

3,298,252 

1883                    

8  831  899 

1883      

4,643,011 

1884           

7,849,829 

1884    

4,095,500 

1885        

10,760,127 

1885    

5,523,003 

1886          .  .            

12,511  953 

1886           

7,293,190 

1887          

12,170,402 

1887  

7,216,580 

1888 

12,387  526 

1888               

7,772,351 

12,524,538 

1889               

8,138,109 

1890 

15,133,971 

1890  

9,470,221 

1891     

12.228,480 

1891        

7  £58  Ir8 

Exports  of  wlieat  and  flour. — The  exports  of  wheat  and  flour  in  wheat 
from  all  American  ports  monthly  for  four  years  were  as  follows: 


MONTHS. 

1891. 

1890. 

1889. 

1888. 

January    

9,155,588 

7,997,354 

6,257,194 

7,520,860 

February    

7,791,615 

9,376,775 

4,586,130 

9,321,850 

March  

10,596,207 

10,077,654 

5,851,453 

8,564,735 

April  

10,872,949 

9,913,515 

5,810,731 

7  257216 

May                

10,240,120 

8  864  636 

6  830  122 

6014  621 

10,422,769 

6,857,143 

6  355,299 

6  242  559 

July                             .                                

13,694,899 

7  892  532 

7  015  986 

7  019  509 

25,279,027 

9  427  588 

11  619,689 

11  032046 

September  

24,655,698 

5,418,185 

8,192,149 

10  029  359 

19,610,040 

7,571  682 

9,363,535 

7  759000 

November       *  

20,101,989 

7,077,941 

8,408,064 

5  344  036 

December  

21,000,000 

9,613,685 

11,627,50J 

7,063450 

CHICAGO    AS    IT   IS. 


33 


Corn — Receipts  and  Shipments:    The  following  were  the  receipts  and  ship- 
ments of  corn  at  Chicago  during  the  past  twenty-two  years: 


YEAR. 

RECEIVED 
BUSHELS. 

YEAR.  - 

SHIPPED 
BUSHELS. 

1870 

20,189,775 

1870... 

17,777  377 

1871 

41  853  138 

1871  .-... 

36  716  030 

187-) 

47  366,087 

1872  

47  013  552 

1873 

38  157  232 

1873              

36  754  943 

1874                

35,799,638 

1874  

32,705  224 

1875 

28  341,150 

1875  

26  443  884 

1876 

48,668,640 

1876  

45  629  035 

1877 

47  915  728 

1877    

46  361  901 

1878 

63651,518 

1878    

59  914  200 

1879               

64,339,311 

1879  

61  299  376 

1880                      

97,272,844 

1880  

93  572  934 

1881          

78,393,395 

1881  

75,463  213 

1882 

49,061,775 

1882  

49  073  609 

1883                         .     . 

74,412,319 

1883  

71,656'  508 

1884                

59,580,445 

1884    

53,274  050 

1885 

62,930,897 

1885  

58  805  567 

1886 

62,535,126 

1886  

56  363'781 

1887           

51,538,217 

1887  

50  443  992 

1888 

74,208  908 

1888...  

69  522  665 

1889               

79.920,691 

1889  

83  860  818 

1890.   

81,117,251 

1890  

90  556  139 

1891  

72,770,304 

1891 

66  578  300 

Flour — Receipts  and  /Shipments:    The  following  table  exhibits  the  receipts 
and  shipments  of  flour  at  Chicago  during  the  past  twenty -two  years : 


YEAR. 

RECEIPTS. 

BBLS. 

YEAR. 

SHIPMENTS. 

BBLS. 

1870  .. 

1,766,037 
1,412,177 
1,532,014 
1,487,376 
2,666,689 
2,625,833 
2,955,197 
2,691,142 
3,030,562 
3,369,958 
3,215,389 
4,815,219 
4,179,912 
4,295,515 
4,960,830 
5,385.772 
4,183,147 
6,572,327 
6,034,006 
4,410,635 
4,358,058 
4,516,617 

1870... 

1,705,977 
1,287,574 
1,361,228 
2,303,490 
2,306,576 
2,285,113 
2,6  4,838 
2,482,305 
2,779,640 
3,C  90,540 
2,862,737 
4,499,743 
3,843,067 
3,999,441 
4,808,884 
5,240,199 
3.607,232 
6,362,580 
5,493,212 
3.916.454 
4,134,f86 
4,048,129 

1871  

1871  

1872    

1872  

1*73  

1873  

1874  *.  

1874  

1875  

1875  

1876        

1876  

1877           

1877  

1878    

1878  

1879                         

1879    

1880  ,  
1881  

1880  

1881        .  .   . 

1882  

1882  

1883  

1883.. 

1884        

1884 

1885  

1885  

1886  

1886.. 

1887             

1887 

1888    

1888 

1889               

1889 

1890  

1890 

1891  

1891     .... 

Grain  Exports. — The  shipments  of  grain  in  transit  and  export  to  Canadian 
ports  during  the  year  1891  were  3,824,084  bushels  of  corn;  1,012,547  bushels 
of  oats;  1,128,918  bushels  of  wheat;  1,526,015  bushels  of  rye;  total  7,491,600 
bushels. 


34 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


Grain  Inspection. — The  following  shows  the  number  of  cars,  boat-loads, 
and  bushels  of  grain  inspected  on  arrival  in  the  city  for  the  twelve  months 
ending  Oct.  31, 1891, and  for  the  previous  inspection  year,  also  the  out-inspec- 
tion for  the  same  periods: 


INSPECTED  IN 

INSPECTED  OUT 

1891. 

1890. 

1891. 

1890. 

Cars,  number  

277,216 
422 
27,607,282 
15,114,838 
66,294,406 
73,-;99  216 
8,119,510 
11,042,163 

273,956 
640 
9,122,016 
9,33:,784 
94,991,620 
74,605,342 
3,065,129 
13,378,080 

Winter  wheat,  bushels.. 

Spring1  wheat,  bushels.  . 
Corn   bushels 

23,127,995 
8,048,566 
41,218,563 
14,161,975 
5,573,6(17 
2,079,177 

4,108,468 
4,090,471 
57.285,534 
16,839,843 
1,666,253 
1,753,839 

Oats,  bushels  

Rye,  bushels  

Barley,  bushels  

Grain  Storage  Capacity. — The  following  table  shows  the  regular  grain 
warehouses  of  the  city  of  Chicago  at  the  present  time. 


NAME  OF  ELEVATOR. 

PROPRIETORS. 

RECEIVE  FROM 

CAPACITY 
BUSHELS. 

Central  A   1 

Central  Elevator  Co  ... 
Dole  &  Co  

Chas.Counselman  &  Co. 
Congdon  &  Co  

City  of  Chicago  Grain 
Elevators,  limited  ... 

National    Elevator     & 
Dock  Co  

I.C.R.R  
C.B.&Q  
C.  R.  I.  &  P  

1,000,000 
1,500,000 
1,250,000 
800,000 
1.500,000 
1.800,000 
1,200,000 

1,250,000 
1,000,000 
700,000 
700,000 
400,000 
900,000 
1,000,1100 
800,000 
1,500,000 
1,000,COO 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
1,500,000 

1,000,000 

175,000 

1,100,000 
500,000 

1,500,000 

2,000,000 
700,000 

Central  B  ( 

C  B  &  Q.  A  "I 

do    B  

do    C    \ 

do    D        1 

Rock  Island  A  j- 
Rock  Island  B  

C.R.  I.&P  

C.  &N.  W  

Galena  "1 

Air  Line  1 
Fulton..  1 

C.  M.  &St.  P  

St.  Paul  \ 
City  

Union  1 

W.  St.  P.  &P... 

C.  &N.  W  

Chicago  &  St  Li              t 

R.  R.  &  Canal  

Wabash  1 

Chicago  Elevator  Co..  .  . 
Chicago  &  Pacific  Ele- 

C.  M.  &St.  P  

Pacific  B  > 

111.  River  Elevator  Co.  . 
G.  A.  Seaverns  

Canal  
R.  R.  &  Canal  

Alton  

Alton  B  
Santa  Fe           [ 

G.  A.  Seaverns  
Santa  Fe  Elevator  Co.  .  . 

Armour  Elevator  Co.  .  . 
Illinois  T.  &S.  Bank... 

A.  T.  &  S.  Fe  R.  R  

C.  M.  &St.  P.  R.  R  
R.  R.  &  Canal  

Armour  Elevator  

Neeley's  Elevator  

Total 

28,675,000 

CHICAGO    AS   IT   IS. 


35 


&rain   and    Produce — Receipts   and   Shipments. —  Following    were    the 
receipts  and  shipments  of  grain  and  produce  for  1891,  compared  with  1890: 


RECEIVED. 

SHIPPED. 

1891.     - 

1890. 

1891. 

1890. 

4,516,617 
42,931,'458 
72,770,304 
74,402,413 
9,164,198 
12,228,480 
68,166,240 
11,120,138 
20,685,354 
206,898,960 
41,744 
105,061,775 
2,400 
13,970 
74,021,945 
63,922,939 
127,765,048 
110,891,894 
35,049,664 
5,201,633 
1,345,573 
192,3f8 

4,358,058 
14,248,770 
91,387,754 
75,1.  -.0,239 
3520,608 
19,401,489 
72,086,100 
6,642,905 
14,524,233 
300,198,241 
36,324 
109,704,834 
2,702 
77.985 
147,475,267 
67,338,590 
140,548,850 
103,743,421 
22,28  1,S  70 
4,737,384 
1,412,550 
170,563 

4,048,129 
38.990,169 
66,578,300 
68,772,714 
7,572,991 
7,858,108 
55,148,971 
9,990,798 
15,750,529 
751,684,t-62 
1,253,480 
877,295,885 
138,074 
278,553 
362,109,099 
50,204,235 
140,737,620 
198,571,824 
57,189,777 
8:0,S63 
835,069 
28,935 

4,134,586 
11,975,275 
90,574,378 
70,768,222 
3,280,438 
9,470,971 
59,213,036 
6,594,581 
15,395,873 
823,801,460 
1,767.650 
964,134,897 
145,897 
392,786 
471,910,128 
53,b29,885 
156,6  8,837 
199,083,622 
39,006,263 
724,109 
957,310 
19,378 

Wheat,  bushels  

Corn,  bushels  

Oats   bushels          

Rye,  bushels  

Grass  seed,  pounds  
Flaxseed,  bushels  

Broom-corn,  pounds  
Cured  meats,  pounds  

Dressed  beef,  pounds  
Beef  packages  

Pork,  barrels  

Cheese,  pounds  

Wool,  pounds  

Coal,  tons  

Salt,  barrels  

Hay,  tons  

Hogs  and  Cattle  Slaughtered  in  1890. — In  Chicago,  during  1890,  2,219,312 
cattle  and  5,733,082  hogs  were  slaughtered,  against,  respectively,  1,763,310 
and  4,211,766  in  the  previous  year. 

Received  in  189J.—Ther  ceipts  of  hogs  in  1891  were  over  8,600,000,  nearly 
a  million  more  than  were  received  in  1890,  the  previous  banner  year. 

Live  Stock  Transactions. — The  following  is  an  exhibit  of  the  business 
transacted  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  in  this  city,  during  the  year  1891,  as 
compared  with  the  transactions  of  the  year  1890: 

RECEIPTS  FOR  1891. 


CATTLE. 

CALVES. 

HOGS. 

SHEEP. 

HORSES. 

January      

274,379 

7,490 

1,068,260 

205,132 

818 

February  

223,4*3 

6,012 

933,873 

175.217 

12,198 

March                 

24,886 

8,336 

g61,902 

26.-i,350 

11,867 

April  

201,168 

10,403 

523,f28 

208,i>24 

10,153 

May.                

220,683 

13,440 

569,115 

185,881 

9,871 

June  

235,618 

26,782 

571,421 

167,581 

6,926 

July             ...           

288,983 

28,292 

468,497 

169,793 

5,213 

August     

260,765 

2i,ai7 

394,499 

160,399 

5,605 

September  

3a8,223 

31,398 

456,584 

187,545 

7,183 

October  

3T2,:«8 

26,127 

654,999 

191,473 

8,091 

November       

290,256 

16,971 

1,(«8,396 

140,509 

6.209 

December  

281,237 

7.776 

1,068,702 

155,723 

4,063 

Total  

3,250,3;  9 

285,383 

8,600,865 

2,153,537 

94,396 

To  bring  the  stock  to  the  yards,  304,706  cars  were  needed.  The  abovt 
receipts  show  that  Chicago,  notwithstanding  the  establishment  of  great  stock 
yards  in  cities  to  the  west  of  us,  still  leads  in  the  live-stock  business. 


36 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 
RECEIPTS  FOR  1890. 


CATTLE. 

CALVES. 

HOGS. 

SHEEP. 

HORSES. 

January  

283,356 

6,278 

807,798 

165  973 

6261 

232,796    > 

5,028 

563836 

153  453 

9  398 

246,592 

6,288 

634  086 

171  495 

12  9'*7 

April  

259,747 

11,131 

467  599 

191  260 

11  459 

May            

299,090 

9,767 

537  977 

172  82  1 

11  037 

June              

284,037 

19,909 

601,076 

181  406 

9020 

July  ..,  

328,2rfO 

26,425 

612,355 

143,958 

7,574 

August  

294,433 

21,939 

674,207 

185  174 

8081 

September  

332,706 

24,952 

618,337 

218,7t,4 

8061 

October           

382,098 

21,555 

146,344 

219  107 

7  064 

November   

263,511 

13,125 

878,992 

163  361 

6  019 

December  

277,684 

8,631 

821,221 

195,844 

4625 

Total  

3,484,280 

175,025 

7,663,828 

2,182,667 

101,566 

SHIPMENTS  FOR  1891. 


CATTLE. 

CALVES. 

HOGS. 

SHEEP. 

HORSES. 

January        

93,046 

3,944 

232,048 

88,420 

7,379 

February  

87,980 

2,359 

328,463 

65,866 

12,007 

March    ....         

96,258 

958 

380,893 

60,312 

10,760 

April  

70,031 

529 

292,548 

91,135 

9,636 

May     

76,756 

394 

278,269 

67,567 

8,747 

June  

67,943 

5,808 

254,364 

53,239 

6,534 

July    

83,454 

5,699 

223,712 

44,909 

4,700 

August  

88,162 

4,826 

176,368 

43,798 

4,865 

September  

114,480 

"   3729 

200,097 

47.653 

6,494 

October  

109,958 

7,735 

217,662 

25,684 

7,434 

November  

85,760 

5,398 

179,821 

25,774 

4,784 

December  

92,936 

2,969 

189,869 

34,512 

3,933 

Totals  

1,066,264 

48,331 

2,902,514 

688,205 

82,773 

SHIPMENTS  FOR  1890. 


CATTLE. 

CALVES. 

HOGS. 

SHEEP. 

HORSES. 

January          . 

124315 

2  ()62 

141  746 

68  922 

5  635 

February  

112675 

1  469 

227  987 

68  747 

8  872 

March  

119213 

702 

211  022 

75  474 

12335 

April  

131,249 

1  053 

143  131 

64  639 

10,425 

May.  . 

139  888 

653 

121  903 

59  554 

10611 

June  

86,976 

5  476 

128  841 

85  401 

8,350 

July  

107  016 

7  457 

158  612 

40  620 

6fc03 

August.  ...  . 

100284 

10  539 

157  6i:>3 

99  962 

7431 

September  

106,234 

11  682 

191  797 

107,572 

7,356 

October  

108,195 

11,018 

214  170 

96,675 

6,402 

November  

74446 

5  531 

157  826 

63  8H1 

5,803 

December      

85,818 

3819 

132  022 

78,416 

4,339 

Totals  

1,260,309 

61  466 

1  985  700 

929854 

94,362 

2  » 
O  3 


3  H 
" 


n  n  D. 

3  <  £{ 

3  O  °- 

S  X  O 

•-  p)  S. 

^  po  a 

1/3  n 


H  •< 

70  •— 


CHICAGO   AS  IT  IS. 


Produce— Receipts  and  Shipments  for  Two  Tears.  —  The  following  table 
exhibits  the  receipts  and  shipments  of  flour,  grain,  live  stock  and  produce  at 
Chicago  for  the  past  two  years: 


RECEIVED  . 

SHIPPED. 

ARTICLES. 

1891. 

1890. 

1891. 

1890. 

Flour  barrels  

4,516,617 
43,931,^58 
72,770,304 
74,402,413 
9,164,198 
12,^28,480 
68,166,240 
11,120,138 
20,685,354 
206,898,960 
41,744 
105,061,775 
2,460 
13,970 
74,021,945 
63,932,939 
127,765,048 
9,901 
8,683,195 
3,271,585 
2,164,464 
110,891,894 
35,049,664 
5,201,633 
2,045,418 
303,895 
1,345,573 
192,3(18 

4,358,058 
14,248,770 
91,387,754 
75,150,249 
3.520,508 
19,401,489 
72,086,100 
6,612,905 
14,524,233 
200,198,241 
36,324 
109,704,884 
2,702 
77,985 
147,475,267 
67,338,590 
110,548,850 
14,207 
7,6j3,828 
3,414,280 
2,182,667 
103,743,421 
22,281,570 
4,737,384 
1,941  392 
515,575 
1,412,550. 
170,562 

4,048,129 
38.990,169 
('6,578,300 
68,772,714 
7,572,091 
7,858,108 
5^,148,971 
9,990,798 
15,750,529 
751,684,^62 
1,253,480 
877,295,885 
138,074 
278,553 
362,109,199 
50,204,235 
140,737,620 
121,96. 
2,967,775 
,1,'7',200 
693,210 
198,571,824 
57,189,777 
83  ,£63 
865,949 
99,855 
835,(«9 
28,935 

4,134,586 
11,975,276 
90,574,379 
70,768,222 
3,280,433 
9,470,971 
59,213,036 
6,594,581 
15,395,873 
823,801,460 
1,767,654 
964,134,807 
145,890 
392,786 
471,910,128 
53,F29,,«85 
156,6'  8,837 
148,859 
1,985,700 
1,'  60,309 
1,252,873 
199,083,6  2 
39,006,263 
724,019 
S12.655 
108,822 
957,310 
19,373 

Corn,  bushels    

Oats    bushels 

Rye,  bushels    

Barley,  bushels  

Grass  seed,  'pounds    .... 

Flaxseed,  bushels  

Broom-corn,  pounds  
Cured  meats,  pounds  

Dressed  beef,  pounds  — 
Beef,  packages  

Pork,  barrels  
Lard  pounds  

Cheese,  pounds  

Butter  pounds    .... 

Drerssed  hogs,  No  

Live  hogs,  No  

Cattle,  No  

Sheep,  No  

Hides,  pounds      

Wool,  pounds  

Coal,  tons  

Lumbe  r,  M  

Shingles,  M       

Salt,  barrels  

Hay,  tons  

Railroad  Live  Stock  Transactions. — Chicago,  during  the  quarantine  year 
beginning  February  15  and  ending  November  30,  1891,  received  576,993 
cattleand  78.383  calves  in  Texas  division,  against  540,962  cattle  and  65,81 1  calves 
in  1890.  Receipts  the  past  year  were  brought  in  by  nine  railroads,  as  follows : 
Chicago  &  Alton,  189,275  cattle,  37,522  calves;  Wabash,  129,907  cattle, 
18,135  calves;  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  105,382  cattle,  11,739  calves; 
Santa  Fe,  64,08»  cattle,  5,814  calves  ;  Illinois  Central,  31,376  cattle,  3,998 
calves  ;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  28,754  cattle,  141  calves  ;  Chicago. 
Milwaukee*  St.  Paul,  20,220  cattle,  1,034  calves;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  & 
Kansas  City,  7,643  cattle  ;  C.  &  E.  I.,  350  cattle.  Cattle  averaged  24.6  and 
calves  85  to  the  car.  About  111,000  head  of  Texas  cattle  were  received  out- 
side of  the  quarantine  district  during  1891. 

Combined  receipts  of  Texas  and  Western  range  cattle  for  1891  were 
1,959,530,  being  about  a  third  of  the  entire  receipts.  The  number  of  rangers 
was  173,000  larger  than  in  1890,  while  the  arrivals  of  native  cattle  were  418,- 
000  smaller  than  in  1890. 

From  July  6  to  November  20,  1891,  the  Home  Land  and  Cattle  Company 
marketed  14,000  Montana-Texas  cattle  in  Chicago  that  averaged  about  1,190 
pounds.  The  first  shipment  sold  at  $4.75  and  the  second  lot  at  $5.25  ;  July 
27  some  sold  at  $4.40  ;  July  29,  at  $4.30  ;  August  5,  at  $3  60  ;  Aug.  10,  at 
$3.75  ;  Aug.  17,  at  $3.50  ;  Sept.  4,  at  $4.35  ;  September  11,  at  $4.25  ;  Sept. 


38 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


18,  at  $3.40  ;  Sept.  21,  at  $3.95,  Sept.  28,  at  $3.10;  October  26,  at  $3.50; 
Nov.  2,  at  $3  ;  Nov.  7,  at  $2.90 ;  Nov.  11,  at  $3.30  ;  and  the  last  shipment, 
Nov.  20,  at  $3.20,  which  gives  a  general  idea  of  the  course  of  values  for 
Western  rangers  during  the  past  season. 

Only  one  lot  of  Texas  cattle  sold  last  April  above  $5.25.  The  $5.75 
bunch  was  for  some  grade-Hereford  Texas,  averaging  1,060  Ibs 

During  1891  Kansas  City  received  1,272,600  cattle,  76,710  calves,  2,  599,- 
200  hogs,  387,000  sheep,  and  32,000  horses,  showing  a  decrease  of  203,000 
cattle,  200  calves,  276,000  hogs,  151,000  sheep,  and  5,300  horses,  compared 
with  arrivals  for  1890. 

South  Omaha  received  601.600  cattle,  1,538,000  hogs,  175,200  sheep,  and 
8,960  horses  during  1891  ;  showing  a  decrease  of  17,200  cattle  and  182,000 
hogs,  and  an  increase  of  19,400  sheep  and  3,900  horses,  compared  with 
arrivals  for  1890. 

Provision  Storage  Warehouses. — The  list  of  regular  provision  warehouse 
is  as  follows: 

TheAllerton  Packing  Co. ;  The  Anglo-American  Packing  Co. ;  Armour 
&  Co.;  John  Cudahy;  Chicago  Dock  Co.;  Cyrus  Dupee;  H.  M.  Dupee;  Henry 
D.  Gilbert  &  Co. ;  International  Packing  Co. ;  Jones  &  Stiles;  Hately  Brothers; 
Thomas  J.  Lipton;  John  Morrell  &  Co.,  Ltd.;Moran&  Healy;MichenerBros. 
&Co. ;  Swift  &  Co. ;  The  Stock  Yards  Warehouse  Co. ;  Underwood  &  Co. ;  J.  H. 
Winterbotham  &  Co.;  The  W.  H.  Silberhorn  Co.;  The  T.  E.  Wells  Co.;  The 
North  American  Provision  Co.;  The  Chicago  Packing  and  Provision  Co. 

Rye  Receipts  and  Shipments. — The  following  were  the  receipts  and  ship- 
ments of  rye  in  this  market  for  the  past  twenty -two  years. 


YEAR 

Received, 
Bushels. 

YEAR. 

Received, 
Bushels. 

YEAR. 

Shipped, 
Bushels. 

YEAR. 

Shipped, 
Bushels. 

1870.. 

1,093,403 

1881. 

1,363,552 

1870.. 

913,627 

1881. 

1,104,452 

1871 

2,011,788 

1882. 

1,934,516 

1871.. 

1,325,685 

1882. 

1,773,148 

1872 

.     1,129,086 

1883. 

5,484,259 

1872 

776,805 

1883. 

3,838,557 

1873. 

1,189,464 

1884. 

6,327,516 

1873.. 

960,613 

1884. 

4,365,745 

1874. 

781,181 

1885. 

1,892,760 

1874.. 

335,077 

1885. 

1,216,961 

1875. 

699,583 

1886 

936,547 

1875  .  . 

310,592 

1886. 

817,553 

1876. 

1,447.917 

1887. 

847,009 

1876  .  . 

1,433,9T6 

1887. 

690,830 

1877. 

1,728,865 

1888. 

2,767,571 

1877  . 

1,553,374 

1888. 

1,744,380 

1878. 

2,490,615 

1889. 

2,605,984 

1878. 

2,025,654 

1889. 

2,801,366 

1879. 

4,497,340 

1890. 

3,520.508 

1879.. 

2,234,363 

1890. 

3,274,382 

1880.   . 

1,869,218 

1891. 

9,164,198 

1880.. 

1,365,162 

1891. 

7,572,991 

CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS. 


39 


Speculative  Business  of  the  Board. — The  increase  in  speculative  business 
on  the  board  is  indicated  by  the  annual  reports  for  the  last  two  years  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Trade  clearing-house.  The  monthly  and  total  clearings 
and  balances  for  1891  were  as  follows : 


DATE. 

CLEARINGS. 

BALANCES. 

$    5,388,70750 

$  1,827,504  54 

4,869,450  00 

1,761,682  52 

11,001,201  50 

3,246,496  08 

11,955,19625 

3,751,432  41 

May                                               

1  ',480,938  50 

3,763,091  79 

9,929,196  25 

2,938,934  28 

[nlV                                                                           

8,978,752  59 

2,592,51561 

13,23xJ,350  (  0 

4,240,611  20 

8,202,817  17 

2,444,963  09 

6,064,626  26 

1,911,967  87 

5,131,76875 

1,810,142  53 

December  i  

5,848,425  00 

2,141,486  65 

Totals    . 

$104,083,52967 

$32,480,827  57 

Total  balances  for  1890  were  reported  at  $28.190,093.56,  against  $18,763,- 
093.56  in  1889,  and  $30,153,835.15  for  1888.  The  clearings  in  1890  were 
more  than  $31,000,000  greater  than  in  1889.  The  clearings  of  1891  exceeded 
those  of  1890  by  over  $18,000,000. 

CLIMATE  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  climate  of  Chicago  is  healthful  and  beautiful,  though  the 
weather  sometimes  goes  to  extremes  in  summer  and  winter.  The  air  is 
cool  and  bracing  through  most  of  the  summer,  and  hot  nights  are  very 
rare.  Many  thoughtful  persons  attribute  the  wonderful  growth  of  the  city  to 
the  stimulating  atmosphere  which  arouses  all  the  latent  energy  in  the  human 
system,  and  makes  possible  the  hard  mental  and  physical  labor  of  the  people. 
The  mean  barometric  pressure  during  a  period  of  ten  years  was  discovered 
by  the  United  States  signal  office  to  have  been  29,303  inches  ;  the  mean  an- 
nual temperature  40. 06°,  the  mean  annual  precipitation  36.64  inches  and  the 
mean  annual  humidity  of  the  air  70.9,  100  representing  complete  saturation. 
The  maximum  annual  precipitation  averaged  about  46  inches  during  this 
period.  The  highest  mean  temperature  was  51.40°,  the  lowest  45.42°.  Al- 
though the  mercury  reaches  the  nineties  in  the  summer  at  times,  and  falls 
below  zero  in  winter,  this  is  rarely  the  case.  In  winter  the  cold  is  tempered 
by  the  lake,  and  extremely  severe  weather  seldom  continues  longer  than  a 
week  at  a  time. 

Mean  Temperature.  —The  meau  temperature  of  Chicago  for  1891,  as  ob- 
served by  the  United  States  Signal  office,  was  as  follows  :  January,  30.2  ; 
February,  28.6  ;  March,  30.6  ;  April,  47.0  ;  May,  53.4  ;  June,  65.7  ;  July, 
67.0  ;  August,  69.0  ;  September,  69.0 ;  October,  52.6  ;  November,  33.8  ; 
December,  35.4. 


40 


GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 


Excessive  Precipitation  at  Chicago. — Statement  showing  dates  of  excessive 
precipitation  at  Chicago,  from  October,  1871,  to  December,  1891,  inclusive, 
with  the  duration  and  rate  of  fall  : 


DATES. 

Fall  equaling  or  ex- 
ceeding the  rate  of 
1  inch  per  hour. 

Fall  of  2.50  inches  or 
more    in   twenty- 
four  hours. 

AMOUNT. 

DURATION. 

AMOUNT. 

DURATION 

December 
September 
May 
August 
September 
January 
June 
October 
July 
May 
July 
November 
November 
March 
June 
August 
August 
May 
July 
July 
August 
July 
July 
July 
July 
September 
August 

22-23, 
28-29, 
1-2, 
15, 
9-10, 
18, 
8, 
19-20, 
25-36, 
25, 
6-7, 
11-12, 
5-6, 
25-26, 
1-2, 
2-3, 
23-24, 
28, 
3, 
31, 
2, 
3, 
12 
18-19', 
27, 
4, 
14, 

1871 

H.    M. 

2.50 
2.70 
2.82 

H.    M. 
23    30 
18    45 
24    00 

1872  

1873                    

1875  

1.00 

1     00 

1875               

3.50 

23    50 

1876    

1.00 
0.84 

1     00 

0      30 

1876  

1877          

2.55 
4M4 
2.77 
3.32 
3.38 
3.39 
3.26 
3.34 
5.90 
2  95 

24    00 
13    40 
23    00 
23    30 
24    00 
24    00 
21    f)5 
8    (13 
24    00 
24    00 

1878  

1879  

1879  

1881  

1883  

1884  

1885  

1885  

1885  

1888    . 

0.75 
0  75 
1.00 
0  67 
0.28 
0.25 
1.55 
4.02 
0.25 
1.00 

0      19 
0      23 
1      00 
0      33 
0      10 
0      10 
0     35 
3     34 
0      10 
0     34 

1888 

1888 

1888 

1889 

1889 

1889 

1889  

4.02 

3    34 

1889 

189H  

COMMERCE  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Commerce  of  Chicago  has  grown  in  volume  from  a  total  of  $20,000,- 
000  in  1850  to  a  total  of  $1,459,000,000  in  1891.  The  increase  in  the  trade  of 
the  city  from  year  to  year  during  the  period  named  is  shown  by  the  following 
table.  The  figures  in  the  twentieth  line  are  for  the  twelve  months  from 
October  11,  1871,  to  October  11,  1872,  the  series  having  been  interrupted  by 
the  great  tire  • 


YEAR. 

IN  CURRENCY. 

IN  GOLD. 

YEAR. 

IN  CURRKNCY. 

IN  GOLD. 

1891  

tl,4"9  000,000 

$  1  459  flOO  000 

1890  

$  1,380,000.000 

gi'sso'ooo'orio 

1878 

655  000  000 

650  000  000 

1889  

1,177,000,000 

1  177  000  OCO 

1877        ,'.'. 

621\500'000 

695  000  000 

1888  

1,125,000,000 

1  125  000  000 

1876 

652  OOO'OOO 

587  000  000 

1887  

1,103,000,000 

1  103  000  OCO 

1875 

657  000  000 

666  000  000 

1886    

997,000,000 

997  000  000 

18  H 

639000  000 

575  000  000 

1885  

959,000  000 

959  OOo'oOO 

1873 

59(5  000  0!  0 

514  000  f(X) 

1884  

933  000  000 

933  000  000 

1871  '72 

490  000  000 

437  000  000 

1883  

],050,000,'000 

i  oso'ooo'ooo 

1870 

439'oOf'oOO 

377  000  000 

]882  

1,045,000,000 

1  045  000  000 

1869 

450  DOO  000 

333  0!)0  000 

1881  

1,015,000,000 

1  015  000  000 

3868 

434  000  000 

310  000  000 

1880  

900,000,000 

900  000  000 

I860 

97  000  000 

97  000  000 

1879  

764,000  000 

764  OOt/000 

1850 

20  000  OCO 

20  000  000 

CHICAGO   AS    IT   IS. 


41 


These  figures  were  prepared  by  the  commercial  and  financial  writers  of 
The  Chicago  Tribune,  men  who  have  been  careful  students  of  the  commerce 
of  Chicago  for  years,  and  maybe  depended  upon  implicitly.  [See  "Bank- 
ing" "Board  of  Trade  Transactions,"  "Manufactures,"  "Maritime  Inter- 
ests," etc.,  in  their  proper  alphabetical  order.] 

Internal  Revenue  Receipts. — The  following  shows  the  total  receipts  of  the 
United  States  Internal  Revenue  office  in  this  city  for  each  month  of  1890  and 
1891: 


MONTHS. 

1890. 

189'.. 

STAMPS  SOLD. 

January.    .  .  . 

February  .   .  . 

$      809,242.21 
859,832.51 
915,152.48 

ft  1,056,140.22 
1,021,733.48 
1,10  ,497.97 

Beer  stamps  sold  

.$2,232,351  31 

1,0«5,998  62 

1  160,952.09 

Spirit  stamps  sold    

7.709  233  9  » 

1,232,204.52 

1  074,941.95 

Cigar  stamps  sold  

529,468  11 

June    

1,047,960  71 

1,017,869.22 

Snuff  stamps  sold  

12,386.07 

July           

1.158,308.27 
1,161,310.18 

974,024.06 
953,144.18 

Tobacco  stamps  sold  
Cigarette  stamps  sold  

.       413,223.39 
1,548  9i 

September... 
October    

1,182,  95.28 
l,363,fi'28,64 

99t*,898.06 
879,726.41 

Oleomargarine  stamps  sold  . 
Special  stamps  sold  

666,2  3.74 
422  480  10 

November  .  .  . 
December  

1,253,194.65 
1,311,670.26 

878,547  19 
1,006,734.54 

Totals  

$  13,518,891,33 

$12,727,359.99 

Lumber  Trade  of  Chicago". — The  lumber  trade  in  Chicago  during  1891 
assumed  proportions  not  equaled  in  any  former  year.  The  amount  of  white 
pine  lumber  consumed  during  1891  exceeded  by  two  hundred  million  feet  that 
of  any  previous  year.  It  is  estimated  that  there  was  consumed  in  1891,  100.- 
000,000  feet  more  than  in  1890,  which  is  largely  due  to  the  consumption  of 
lumber  at  the  World's  Fair,  at  which  a  close  estimate  places  the  number  of 
feet  to  be  50,000,000.  The  exact  receipts  of  white  lumber  up  to  December  19, 
1891,  were  2,025.817,000  feet  ;  shingles  295,804.000.  The  receipts  of  1890 
were  1,985,135,000  feet  of  lumber;  showing  a  difference  of  180,682,000  in 
favor  of  1891,  while  the  shingles  received  in  1890,  were  308,875,000  greater 
than  in  1891,  or  in  round  numbers  504,680,000.  While  the  receipts  in  1891 
were  not  as  large  as  those  in  1888,  yet  more  lumber  was  handled  and  sold. 

Output  of  Chicago  Breweries. — The  output  of  the  Chicago  breweries  for 
1891  was  3,000,000  barrels.  It  was  the  most  prosperous  year  in  the  history  of 
the  brewing  business  of  this  city. 


COUNTY  ORGANIZATION. 

The  government  of  Cook  county,  Illinois,  is  vested  in  a  Board  of 
County  Commissioners,  consisting  of  fourteen  members,  elected  for  four 
years,  half  of  whom  retire  biennially.  The  salaries  of  these  commissioners 
amounted  to  $33,551  for  1892.  The  presiding  officer  is  elected  from  their  num- 


42  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

ber.  The  Board  has  the  direction  and  control  of  all  county  officers,  collects 
through  the  County  Treasurer  the  revenues  of  the  county,  and  appropriates 
money  for  the  maintenances  of  the  courts,  jail,  insane  asylum,  poor-house, 
county  hospital,  court-house  building,  sheriff's  office,  county  clerk's  office, 
coroner's  office,  etc.,  and  has  general  supervision  of  county  highways,  bridges, 
etc.  The  County  Board  is  entirely  independent  of  the  City  Council,  although 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  latter  extends  over  a  large  portion  of  the  county, 
included  within  the  corporate  limits  : 

Cook  County  Court  House. — Occupies  the  entire  east  half  of  block, 
bounded  by  Washington,  Dearborn,  La  Salle  and  Clark  sts.,  in  the  center  of 
the  business  district  of  the  South  side,  the  west  half  being  occupied  by  the 
City  Hall.  This  magnificent  pile  was  erected  in  1876-77  at  a  cost  of  about 
$3,000,000,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  public  buildings  in  the  county.  It  is 
at  present  four  stories  in  height,  and  two  additional  stories  are  to  be  added 
during  the  present  year  at  a  cost  of  $275,000.  [See  "Guide."]  In  this 
building  are  located  the  County,  Probate  and  various  Circuit  and  Superior 
courts,  the  Law  Library,  and  all  the  County  offices,  except  that  of  the  State's 
(or  prosecuting)  attorney  which  is  located  in  the  Criminal  Court  building, 
North  side. 

Coroners'  Inquests. — The  report  of  the  Coroner  of  Cook  County  for  the  year 
1891  contains  the  following  facts:  He  was  called  upon  to  inquire  into  the  deaths 
of  1,938  persons.  Of  that  number  399  death  certificates  were  issued  showing 
that  no  inquest  was  necessary.  Of  the  remainder  of  the  deaths,  323  were 
caused  by  the  railroads  of  the  county.  Ninety-seven  of  that  number  were 
citizens  killed  at  the  dangerous  grade  crossings;  fifty -nine  were  employes  of 
the  roads  and  were  killed  in  the  performance  of  duty;  twenty-seven  were 
passengers  who  met  death  in  wrecks;  fifteen  fell  from  moving  trains;  122  weie 
killed  while  walking  on  the  tracks;  twenty-three  in  attempting  to  jump  from 
a  moving  train,  and  one  in  a  manner  unknown.  Twelve  hundred  and  fifteen 
of  the  cases  were  males  and  284  females;  1,469  were  white  and  only  thirty 
colored.  Most  of  the  victims,  438  were  laborers;  the  next  classes  represented 
being  housewives  and  mechanics,  of  whom  there  were  111  each.  The  causes 
of  death  and  the  number  of  victims  are  as  follows:  Natural  causes,  63; 
heart  disease,  58;  suicide^  270;  drowned,  145;  fell  from  buildings,  59;  con- 
sumption, 3;  exposure,  3,  fell  from  wagon,  40;  fell  from  scaffold,  47;  apo- 
plexy, 5;  poibon  accidental,  18;  railroad  accidents,  323;  abortion,  6;  infanti- 
cide, 8;  hemorrhage  of  lungs,!;  fell  from  stairs,  23;  elevator  accidents,  24; 
street  car  accidents,  14  grip  accidents,  28;  convulsions,  8;  burns  and  scalds, 
70;  old  age  and  debility,  2;  asphyxiation,  48;  machinery  accidents,  51;  homi- 
cide, 60;  shot  accidentally,  15;  run  over  by  wagon,  37;  intemperance,  17; 
pneumonia,  6;  falling  timber,  1;  boiler  explosion,  10;  suffocation,  15;  shot 
(self  defense),  5;  sunstroke,  3;  fell  from  horse,  1;  kicked  by  horse,  4;  struck 
by  lightning,  1;  burned  in  private  building,  11;  manhole  explosion,  1;  total, 
1,499.  Of  the  270  suicides  198  were  married  and  72  single;  85  were  Ameri- 
cans, the  Germans  coming  next  with  84.  More  suicides  were  committed  in 
August  than  in  any  other  month,  there  being  29,  while  November  had  the 
smallest  number,  17.  The  favorite  mode  of  taking  lif  was  by  poison,  and 
the  favorite  poison  was  morphine,  29  of  the  94  poisoning  cases  being  by  the 
"morphine  route."  Of  the  270  suicides,  41  were  adjudged  insane,  85  were 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  IS.  43 

actuated  by  despondency  and  23,  so  said  the  jurors,  were  caused  by  domestic 
infelicity.  Two  hundred  of  the  cases  of  suicide  were  male.  Thirteen  were 
persons  between  ten  and  twenty  years  old,  69  between  twenty  and  thirty 
years,  65  between  thirty  and  forty  years,  62  between  forty  and  fifty  years,  25 
between  sixty  and  seventy  years,  and  8  between  seventy  and  eighty  years. 
There  was  one  over  eighty.  Seventy-one  persons  were  held  to  the  grand  jury 
at  inquests. 

County  Insane  Asylum. — Located  at  Dunning,  a  suburb  of  Chicago. 
Take  train  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  streets.  This  institution  is  a 
large  and  costly  structure,  surrounded  by  spacious  grounds,  far  enough 
removed  from  the  city  to  make  the  location  a  quiet  and  healthful  one. 
Numerous  additions  in  the  way  of  cottage- wards  have  been  made  to  relieve 
the  over-crowded  condition  of  the  main  building.  The  current  expenses  of 
1891  were:  salaries,  $44,111.68;  supplies, repairs,  etc.,  $112,006.87.  During 
1891,  516  were  admitted,  238  discharged;  364  were  transferred  to  State 
Hospitals  for  the  insane  ;  127  died.  The  daily  average  under  treatment  in 
1891  was  983.  In  his  annual  report  for  1890  the  Superintendent  of  the  Insti- 
tution made  the  following  remarkable  and  cheerful  statement  regarding  the 
insane  and  the  prospects  of  their  recovery.  "I  would  here  call  attention  to  a 
fact,  and  that  is  where  those  that  are  insane  are  placed  under  proper  treat- 
ment in  well-arranged  hospitals  within  the  first  three  months  of  the  inception 
of  the  disease  the  chances  for  recovery  are  ?bout  as  good  as  from  any  serious 
bodily  ailment.  The  average  of  cures  when  this  class  of  disease  i.3  thus  treated 
will  range  as  high  as  60,  65  and  even  70  in  100." 

County  Jail. — Situated  in  the  rear  of  the  Criminal  Court  building, 
Michigan  st.,  between  Clark  st.  and  Dearborn  ave.,  North  Side.  Entrance 
from  Michigan  street.  Visitors  admitted  by  permission  of  the  sheriff.  The 
jail,  like  the  Criminal  Court  building,  has  long  since  ceased  to  rreet  the 
demands  made  upon  it  by  the  extraordinary  growth  of  the  city,  and  the  con- 
sequent and  natural  increase  in  the  number  of  criminals.  It  is  an  old- 
fashioned  prison,  built  after  the  manner  of  the  jails  constructed  in  the'early 
years  of  the  present  century.  It  lacks  every  modern  improvement,  and  will, 
doubtless,  soon  be  replaced  by  a  much  larger  and  a  better  structure.  The 
jail  is  connected  with  the  criminal  court  building  by  a  "  bridge  of  sighs," 
over  which  the  culprits  pass  for  trial  and  after  conviction.  Aside  from  this 
entrance,  which  is  never  used  except  by  deputy  sheriffs  and  jailers  in  dis- 
charge of  their  duties,  there  is  but  one  entrance,  and  that  is  up  a  narrow 
flight  of  steps  leading  from  the  open  court  between  the  two  buildings.  At 
the  head  of  these  steps  is  a  double  iron  gate,  where  stands  the  outer  turnkey. 
If  he  admits  you,  you  find  yourself  in  the  jail  office.  On  one  side,  as  you 
face  the  prison  entrance,  is  the  head-jailer's- room  ;  on  the  other,  the  office 
of  the  jail  clerk.  Before  going  farther,  you  must  have  a  permit.  If  you 
secure  it,  you  are  admitted  into  the  "Cage,"  an  iron-bound  arrangement 
covered  with  several  thicknesses  of  wire  netting,  through  the  meshes  of 
which  you  can  hardly  poke  your  finger.  If  you  wish  to  see  a  prisoner,  he  is 
called,  and  you  must  talk  to  him  through  this  netting.  Here  it  was  that  the 
"  Tiger  Anarchist "  Lingg  received  from  his  sweetheart  the  dynamite  cart- 
ridge which  he  exploded  in  his  mouth,  killing  himself,  the  day  before  that 
set  for  his  execution.  As  you  look  straight  in  front  of  you,  with  your  back 
to  the  j  tiler's  door,  you  will  see  the  cell  in  which  the  suicide  occurred.  It  is 


44 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


on  the  ground  floor.  Along  the  same  line  of  cells  the  Anarchists  were  con- 
fined. Just  above,  on  the  next  balcony,  is  ' '  Murderers'  Row,"  from  which  a 
number  of  unfortunates  have  gone  forth  during  the  past  twenty  years  to  find 
the  gallows  waiting  for  them  on  the  other  side  of  the  cell  building.  The 
cell  balconies,  just  as  you  see  them  before  you,  four  in  number,  run  all 
around  this  interior  building.  At  the  northeast  corner  of  the  cell  building, 
the  gallows  is  always  erected,  and  here  the  Anarchists  were  hanged.  [See 
"  Haymarket  Massacre."]  There  is  nothing  of  interest  to  be  seen  inside  the 
jail,  unless  you  have  a  morbid  desire  to  witness  the  pale,  hopeless  faces  of 
the  prisoners.  There  are  four  departments:  Men's,  Women's  Boys'  and 
Debtors'. 

County  Poor  House. — Located  at  Dunning,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  Take 
train  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  streets.  This  institution  is  not 
remarkable  in  any  sense,  save  as  the  home  of  the  most  wretched  class  of 
paupers  of  the  county.  It  was  conducted  at  an  expense  of  $23,397  for 
salaries,  and  $86,419.79  for  supplies,  repairs,  etc.,  last  year.  The  second 
item  also  includes  expenses  of  the  County  Poor  Farm. 

Cost  of  County  Officers. — The  following  were  the  estimated  and  actual 
receipts  of  county  officers,  over  and  above  their  own  salaries,  for  1890: 


COUNTY  OFFICERS. 

Estimated 
Receipts 
for  5fear. 

Actual 
Receipts 
6  ms.  June  1. 

County  Treasurer  

$210,000  00 

$    5,641  15 

175,000  00 

92,025  92 

County  Clerk  and  Clerk  County  Court  

122,000  00 

58,432  47 

40,000  00 

27,000  55 

Clerk  Circuit  Court  

55,000  00 

32,9aO  70 

Clerk  Superior  Court              

40,000  00 

20,689  75 

Sheriff                             

25,000  00 

14,09"  72 

Clerk  Criminal  Court    

1,029  80 

Total  

$667,000  00 

$251,850  00 

Detention  Hospital  for  the  Insane. — New  building  corner  of  Wood  and 
Polk  streets,  West  Side.  Take  Ogden  avenue  cable  line.  The  accommoda- 
tions for  those  awaiting  action  of  the  court  on  their  sanity  are  much  improved 
here. 

Expenses  of  Cook  County. — Following  are  the  estimated  receipts  and  ex- 
penses of  Cook  county  (in  which  Chicago  is  situated)  for  the  year  1892.  They 
are  upon  a  basisof  avaluationof  taxable  property  to  the  amount  of  $282,676,- 
167,  of  which  $223,859,166  is  forreal  estate,  $48,795,740  for  personal  properly 
•md  $15,021,261  for  railroad  property,  The  total  amount  admits  of  reccip  s 
from  the  tax  levy  at  75  cents  on  $100  of  $2,121,075.25,  of  which  the  amount 


ti; 


CHICAGO   AS  IT  IS. 


45 


o  $1,902,071. 25 is  available  for  county  purposes, 
among  the  various  county  institutions  as  follows  : 


This  Is  to  be  distributed 


Institutions,  Etc. 

Salaries. 

Supplies, 
Etc. 

Hospital         

$  62  756 

$130.000 

Institutions  at  Dunning1  

15  580 

240,000 

Insane  Asylum  -  

55,257 

Poor  House         

23  397 

Sheriff's  Office  

219  340 

60,000 

Clerk  of  Criminal  Court  

29,750 

2,000 

County  Agent      .        

25  000 

90,0  0 

Coroner  

19  000 

1,000 

County  Board         

33  251 

Comptroller  

12,720 

8,000 

Public  Service                                  ... 

11  230 

4,000 

State's  Attorney  ....        .  . 

22,400 

5,000 

County  Attorney  

6,160 

10,0  0 

Superintendent  of  Schools  

4,100 

1.5  0 

Normal  School  

25,000 

li.OOO 

County  Physician  and  Detention  Hospital  

7,580 

7,000 

County  Clerk           . 

14  500 

Treasurer  

6,000 

Recorder  .        

12,00) 

Clerk  Circuit  Court  

7.500 

Clerk  Superior  Court           

7,500 

Clerk  Probate  Court    ..      .          ........ 

4.500 

Election  Expenses  

50,000 

Total... 

8624.521 

$6  19.500 

The  total  amount  of  the  tax  levy  is  to  be  appropriated  as  follows  : 

Salaries  and  election  expenses    $   624,521.00  I  Contingent  fund $     67,475.25 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 6:9,500,00  |  Building  purposes 400,000  00 

Interest  and  principal  on  debt. . .  219,000.00 

Miscellaneous  purposes 190,575.00      Total $2,121,071.25 

The  estimated  receipts  from  county  officers,  over  and  above  the  salaries 
to  be  paid  out  of  these  receipts,  are  about  as  follows : 

County  treasurer $265,000  '  Clerk  Circuit  Court 90,000 

Recorder 225,000  |  Clerk  Superior  Court 70,000 


County  Clerk 175,"00 

Clerk  Probate  Court  80,UOO 

Clerk  Crim;nal  Court 2,000 

It  is  proposed  to  pay  out  of  these  resources,  which  are  outside  the  tax 
levy,  the  following  salaries  and  expenses : 


Sheriff 25,000 

Total...  $932,000 


Jurors  and  witness  fees,  etc . . $150,000 

Judges  County  and  Probate  courts    17,000 
Judges  Circuit  and  Superior  courts    63,000 

County  treasurer 183,972 

Recorder   173,830 

County  clerk 147,522 


Clerk  Circuit  Court 46,956 

Clerk  Superior  Court 37,000 

Clerk  Probate  Court 48320 

Total $867,600 


The  synopsis  of  these  figures  show  that  if  the  expenses  are  kept  within 
the  estimates  there  ought  to  be  a  surplus  of  $64,400  to  the  credit  of  the  county 
at  the  end  of  the  present  year. 

Expenses  of  Cook  County  in  Detail. — The  County  Hospital  will  cost  only 
$192,756  for  1892.  The  pay-roll  contains  141  employes,  besides  training 
school  nurses  in  twelve  wards.  The  salary  list  is  estimated  at  $62,756,  and 
the  amount  required  for  supplies  and  repairs"  is  put  at  $130,000.  The  sala- 
ries range  from  $160  to  $15  per  month. 


46  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

v 

It  will  cost  $255,580  to  run  the  office  of  general  superintendent  of  the 
county  institutions  at  Dunning,  of  which  $240,000  is  for  supplies  and  $15,580 
for  the  salary  list,  including  twenty-nine  employes.  The  general  superintend- 
ent gets  $208  a  month  and  the  stenographers  $25  each. 

The  regular  pay-roll  of  the  Insane  Asylum  is  to  include  forty-two  names 
outside  of  the  attendants.  The  estimate  provides  for  eighty-four  regular 
attendants  at  $30  a  month  each,  and  seventeen  extra  attendants,  when  required, 
at  the  same  figure.  The  total  salary  list  is  $55,257. 

The  poorhouse  salary  list  is  not  half  so  large.  There  are  sixty -five  employes 
provided  for  at  an  expense  of  $23,397.  In  both  the  asylum  and  the  poorhouse 
there  is  a  graduated  scale  of  wages  for  nurses  and  attendants,  reaching  a 
maximum  of  $25  for  poorhouse  nurses  and  of  $30  for  asylum  attendants,  after 
six  months'  service. 

The  sheriff's  office  next  receives  attention.  There  are  177  employes  said 
to  be  needed  to  run  thisoffice,  at  acos  of  $196,740.  The  chief  deputy  receives 
$208  a  month  and  the  chief  clerk  and  jailer  $166  each.  Twenty-four  deputies, 
nineteen  at  $150  and  five  county  deputies  at  $125  a  month,  draw  $41,700 
this  year,  while  twenty-five  bailiffs  of  the  Criminal  Court  and  thirty-eight 
bailiffs  of  the  other  courts,  at  $100  a  month  each,  will  receive  $75,000  by 
next  New  Year's.  Additional  help  allowed  by  the  court  for  this  year  brings 
the  total  salary  list  of  the  Sheriff's  office  up  to  $219,340.  The  supplies  for 
the  Court-House,  Jail  and  Criminal  Court  Building  will,  it  is  estimated, 
cost  $60,000. 

The  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Criminal  Court  will  cost  $2,000  for  supplies 
and  repairs  and  $29,750  for  salaries  of  twenty-two  men. 

The  salary  list  of  the  County  Agent's  office  is  placed  at  $25,000,  and  the 
amount  needed  for  repairs  and  supplies  at  $90,000.  The  Coroner's  salary 
list  is  made  $19,000,  and  the  supply  and  repair  account  $1,000. 

The  County  Board  salary  list  is  fixed  at  $33,251.  For  the  County 
Comptroller's  office  the  salary  list  is  $12,720,  and  supplies  for  Comptroller  and 
County  Board  $8,000.  The  office  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Si-rvice  will 
cost  $11,230  in  salaries  and  $4,000  for  supplies,  repairs  and  adveitisiog.  The 
State's- Attorney's  office  salary  list  is  $22,400,  divided  am- ng  the  State's- 
Attorney,  five  assistants  and  a  stenographer.  The  sum  of  $5,000  is  provided 
for  supplies. 

The  salary  list  of  the  County  Attorney's  office  is  placed  at  $6,160  and  the 
supply  and  repair  account  at  $10,000. 

For  the  County  Superintendent  of  School's  office  $4,100  is  allowed  for 
salaries  and  $1,500  for  repairs.  The  Normal  School  salary  list  is  put  at 
$25,000  and  supplies  and  repairs,  $11,000.  For  County  Physician  and  Deten- 
tion Hospital  $7,580  is  expected  to  be  needed  in  salaries  and  §7,000  in  supplies 
and  repairs. 

Judiciary  of  Cook  County. — There  is  one  county,  one  probate  and  eighteen 
judges  of  the  Superior  and  Circuit  Courts.  For  cost  of  same  see  "  Expenses 
of  Cook  County." 

Taxable  Valuation  of  Cook  County  Property. — The  total  valuation  of  all 
the  taxable  property  in  Cook  County  is  $282,676,167.  The  total  real  estate 
valuation  aggregates  $223,859,166  ;  personal  property,  $48,795,740  ;  railroad 
property,  $15,021,261. 


CHICAGO   AS  IT   IS.  47 

ELEEMOSYNARY  SUPPORT. 

The  city  of  Chicago  supports  entire  or  aids  in  the  maintenance  of  several 
eleemosynary  institutions,  charities  and  pension  funds,  as  follows: 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge  for  Reform. — Receives  a  percentage  of  certain 
fines  imposed  in  police  courts,  according  to  act  of  the  general  assembly, 
approved  March  31,  1869. 

Firemen's  Pension  Fund. — This  fund  receives  1  per  centum  of  all  reve- 
nues collected  or  received  frora  Moenses  issued  during  each  year,  according  to 
an  act  of  the  general  assembly ,  approved  May  13,  1887,  in  force  July  1, 1887, 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd. — This  institution  also  receives  a  per  centum 
of  certain  fines  imposed  by  the  police  courts,  according  to  act  of  the  general 
assembly,  approved  March  31,  1869. 

Illinois  Humane  Society. — This  society  is  entitled  to  fines  collected 
through  the  agency  of  the  organization,  for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to 
animals,  according  to  an  act  of  the  general  assembly,  approved  June  28, 
1885,  in  force  July  1,  1885. 

Police  Pension  Fund. — This  fund  receives  2  per  centum  of  all  moneys 
received  from  licenses  for  saloons  or  dramshops,  %  of  dog  tax,  %  of  all  mon- 
eys received  for  licenses  granted  pawnshops,  %  of  all  moneys  received  for 
licenses  granted  second-hand  dealers,  %  of  all  moneys  received  from  mon- 
eys for  licenses  granted  junk  dealers;  all  moneys  collected  for  fees  for  car- 
rying concealed  weapons;  %  of  all  costs  collected  for  violation  of  city  ordi- 
nances, according  to  an  act  of  the  general  assembly,  approved  April  29,  1887; 
in  force  July  1,  1887. 

Washingtonian  Home. — This  institution  receives  a  per  centum  of  moneys 
collected  for  saloon  licenses,  not  to  exceed  $20,000  per  annum,  according  to 
act  of  the  general  assembly,  approved  Februarv  16,  1867,  amended  by  an  act 
in  force  July  1,  1883. 

FEDERAL  REPRESENTATION. 

The  civil  authority  and  functions  of  the  Federal  government  are  repre- 
sented in  Chicago  by  the  United  States  courts — Circuit  (Walter  Q.  Gresham, 
judge)  and  District  (H.  W.  Blodgett,  judge),  and  their  officers,  including  the 
U.  S.  District  Attorney,  U.  S.  Marshal  and  U.  S.  Commissioners;  by  the  Col- 
lector of  Customs,  the  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  the  U.  S.  Sub-Treasurer 
and  minor  officers. 

United  States  Courts. — The  United  States  Courts  are  two  in  number,  the 
Circuit  (Judge  Walter  Q.  Gresham),  the  District  (H.  W.  Blodgett).  An  Asso- 
ciate Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  sits  here  also  on  stated 
occasions.  The  courts  are  located  in  the  post-office  (or  government)  building; 
clerk,  W.  H.  Bradley.  The  United  Stales  Court  of  Claims  is  represented  by 
U.  S.  Comnnissioner  Hoyne,  room  53  post-office  building,  and  Simeon  W. 
King,  M.  E.  Church  block. 

V.  8.  Officers  in  Chicago. — The  United  States  officers  in  Chicago,  aside 
from  the  postmaster,  are  the  Collector  of  Customs,  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue,  U.  S.  Sub-treasurer,  Special  Agent  U.  S.  Treasury,  U.  S. 
Appraiser,  U.  S.  District  Attorney,  U.  S.  Engineer,  U.  S.  Inspector  of  Life- 
saving  Stations.  U.  S.  Inspector  of  Steam-vessels,  Surgeon  of  U.  S.  Marine 


48  CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS. 

Hospital,  U.  8.  Marshal,  tJ.  S.  Pension  Agent,  Superintendent  of  U.  S.  Secret 
Service,  U.  S.  Signal  Officer  and  U.  S.  Lighthouse  Inspector.  The  offices  of 
all  of  these,  excepting  the  appraiser's  (210  Market  street)  and  the  U.  S.  Signal 
offices  (seventeenth  floor  of  the  Auditorium  building),  arelocated  in  the  post- 
office  building. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  fire  department  of  Chicago  is  generally  acknowledged  to  be  the  best 
equipped  and  most  efficient  in  the  United  States,  which  means  that  it  is  the  best 
equipped  and  most  efficient  in  the  world,  for  the  firemen  of  this  country  are 
called  upon  to  be  prepared  for  and  to  meet  emergencies  which  do  not  rise  in 
the  cities  of  Europe.  The  Chicago  corps  have  been  brought  up  to  its  present 
high  standard  of  discipline  and  efficiency  by  the  two  chief  marshals — who 
have  had  charge  of  the  department  since  the  great  fire  of  1871 — Benner  and 
Swenie.  The  former  retired  from  the  service  about  ten  years  ago,  after  re- 
organizing the  department  upon  a  basis  which  has  served  as  a  foundation  for 
the  growth  and  character  it  has  since  attained.  Marshal  Swenie  was  Mr. 
Benner's  chief  assistant,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  suggesting  and 
carrying  out  many  of  the  reforms,  ideas  and  improvements  that  characterized 
the  latter's  administration.  Since  the  succession  of  Marshal  Swenie  the 
department  has  quadrupled  its  machinery  and  its  forces.  In  Mr.  Benner's 
time  Chicago  was  a  city  covering  an  area  of  less  than  forty  square  miles, 
with  a  population  of  about  500,000.  Now  the  city  covers  an  area  of  181 
square  miles  and  a  population  of  1,250,000.  The  following  information  will 
give  the  visitor  an  idea  of  the  strength  and  workings  of  the  fire  department: 

Alarmsand  Losses,  1S91. — There  were4,570  fire  alarmsduriug  1891  against 
3733  in  1890,  an  increase  of  837.  The  total  value  of  property  involved  was 
$115,823,005,  while  in  1890  it  was  $95,147,058,  being  an  increase  of  $20,675,- 
947.  The  total  loss  in  1891  was  $3,157,348,  while  in  1890  it  was  $2,047,736,  an 
increase  over  1890  of  $1,109,612.  The  total  insurance  was  $59,526,210  in  1891, 
and  in  1890  $44,083,330,  an  increase  of  $15,442,880  in  favor  of  1891. 

City  Telegraph  and  Electric  Lights. — The  police  and  fire  telegraph  and 
telephone  system  and  the  electric  lighting  service  are  in  charge  of  the  city 
electrician. 

Equipment  and  Force. — The  fire  department  of  Chicago  (1892)  consists 
of  970  men  and  officers,  72  steam  fire  engines,  22  chemical  fire  engines ,99  hose 
carts,  28  hook  and  ladders  trucks,  1  water  tower,  3  fire  boats  (for  river  and 
harbor  service,  and  for  work  along  the  river  sides  on  buildings,  warehouses, 
lumber  yards,  etc.,  adjacent),  99  apparatus  stations,  421  horses,  and  an 
extensive  and  well  equipped  repair  shop.  As  an  auxiliary  to  the  department 
there  are  1,935  stations,  provided  with  necessary  instruments  and  several 
thousand  miles  of  wire,  by  which  alarm  of  fire  may  be  communicated. 

Headquarters  and  Organization. — The  headquarters  of  the  Chicago  Fire 
Department  are  ^located  in  the  City  Hall.  Following  is  the  organization : 


. 

g   O 
O  U 


J   t/S 


CHICAGO    AS   IT   IS.  49 

Fire  Marshal  and  Chief  of  Brigade,  D.  J.  Swenie  ;  First  Assistant  Fire  Mar- 
shal and  Department  Inspector,  William  H.  Musham ;  Second  Assistant 
Fire  Marshal,  John  H.  Gale  ;  Department  Secretary,  Charles  S.  Petrie ; 
Fire  Inspector,  Michael  W.  Conway ;  Chiefs  of  Battalions :  1st,  Patrick 
O'Malley  ;  3d,  Frederick  I.  Ries  ;  3d,  Peter  Schnur  ;  4th,  Paul  F.  A.  Pundt ; 
5th,  John  Campion  ;  6th,  Joseph  C.  Pazen  ;  7th,  James  Heaney  ;  8th,  Leo. 
Meyers  ;  9th,  William  H.  Townsend  ;  10th,  Nicholas  Dubach  ;  llth,  John 
Fitzgerald  ;  12th,  Edward  W.  Murphy  ;  13th,  Frederick  J.  Gabriel.  Each 
Engine  and  Hook  and  Ladder  Company  is  commanded  by  a  Captain  and 
Lieutenant,  and  the  officers  and  men  of  the  99  apparatus  stations  are  divided 
into  13  Batalions,  under  command  of  the  Chiefs  mentioned  above.  [See 
"Municipal  Government  "  for  salaries.] 

Insurance  Patrol. — Established  in  1871,  by  the  underwriters  of  the  city, 
for  the  protection  of  property,  merchandise,  etc.  and  the  recovery  of  sal- 
vage from  the  interior  of  burning  buildings.  There  are  five  Fire  Patrol  sta- 
tions, as  follows:  No.  1,  176  Monroe  St..  Captain  George  Furnald,  16  men; 
No.  2,  210  Peoria  St.,  West  Side,  Captain  Charles  W.  O'Neill,  10  men;  No.  3, 
Dearborn  and  Twenty-third  sts.,  Captain  Frederick  Harbunm  7  men;  No.  4, 
Forty -third  street  and  Center  ave.,  Captain  Frank  Whitmore,  6  men;  No.  5, 
now  organizing,  will  be  located  at  No.  60  Whiting  St.,  with  a  force  of  7  men, 
E.  T.  Shepard,  Superintendent.  Patrol  Station  No.  1  is  located  on  Monroe 
St.,  between  La  Salle  street  and  Fifth  ave.,  and  is  the  most  accessible  to  visi- 
tors. The  horses  and  men  are  trained  to  perfection  and  the  operation  of 
responding  to  sa  alarm  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  things  to  be  seen  in 
Chicago.  The  Patrol  Service,  or  Salvage  Corps,  are  generally  first  at  a  fire, 
employing  fast  horses  and  light  equipment,  and  they  save  a  vast  amount  of 
property  annually. 

Location  of  Stations. — The  Engine  Houses  near  the  centre  of  the  city,  and 
within  easy  access  of  visitors,  are  located  as  follows:  No.  1,  271  Fifth  ave.., 
wholesale  district;  No.  10.  82  Pacific  ave.,  near  Board  of  Trade  and  Van 
Buren  St.  depot:  No.  13,  19  Dearborn  St.,  near  bridge;  No.  32,  foot  of  Mon- 
roe St.,  No.  37  (river  fire  boat),  foot  of  La  Salle  st.;  No.  40,  83  South  Frank- 
lin St.,  near  Telephone  building.  The  visitor,  should  an  alarm  happen  to  be 
signalled,  will  be  interested  in  the  perfect  training  and  discipline  exhibited 
by  men  and  horses. 

•  Pension  Fund. — Firemen  are  retired  on  half-pay  after  continuous  service 
of  20  years,  the  fund  for  this  purpose  beirg  established  and  maintained  by 
percentage  of  certain  municipal  revenues.  [See  Eleemosynary  Support.] 
The  firemen  also  have  a  Benevolent  Society  which  cares  for  disabled  mem- 
bers, and  the  widows  and  orphans  of  members.  It  is  in  a  prosperous 
condition. 

GENERAL  INFORMATION. 

Annexation. — On  the  28th  of  June,  1889,  the  city  embraced  about  forty- 
four  square  miles  of  territory.  On  the  day  following,  by  vote  of  the  people, 
the  city  of  Lake  View  and  the  towns  of  Hyde  Park,  Lake,  Jefferson  and 
Cicero,  aggregating  128.24  square  miles  of  territory  and  about  220,000  people, 
were  annexed  to  and  became  part  of  Chicago,  thus  constituting  one  great 


50 


GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 


metropolis,  extending  twenty-four  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  from  four 
and  one-half  to  ten  and  one-half  miles  firm  east  to  west.  The  validity  of 
the  proceedings  resulting  in  the  annexation  was  confirmed  by  the  Supreme 
Court,  October  29,  1889.  By  this  extraordinary  consolidation,  six  independ- 
ent municipal  corporations — each  having  a  legislative  and  executive  depart- 
ment of  government,  each  controlled  and  operated  under  more  or  less 
different  systems  and  methods  of  conducting  public  affairs — were  merged 
into  one  municipality,  under  the  authority  and  control  of  one  city  govern- 
ment. During  the  year  1890,  there  were  annexed  to  the  city  four 
suburbs — South  Englewood,  area,  292  square  miles,  population  8,000; 
Gano,  1.80  square  miles,  population  2,600;  Washington  Heights,  2.8  square 
miles,  population  3,315;  West  Roseland,  1.80  square  miles,  population  792; 
making  a  total  annexation  for  the  year  of  9.32  square  miles,  withapopu- 
lation  of  9,900.  Fernwood  was  also  added. 

Area  of  Chicago. — Chicago  has  grown  from  2.55  square  miles  in  1835  to 
181.70  square  miles  in  1891,  as  follows: 


SQUARK  MILES. 

February  11,  1835,  original  town    

8.15  mak  ng 
3.33  making 
8  9  )  making 

2.65 
10.7J 
14.('3 
17.93 
24.41 
35.79 
36.79 
43.94 
172.18 
174.18 
177.16 
179.96 
181.70 

March  4,  1837,  there  was  added  

February  16,  184",  there  was  added  

February  12,  1853,  there  was  added  

February  13,  1863,  there  was  added.  

6.48  making 
11.35  making 
1.00  making 
7.15  making 
128.24  making 
2.00  making 
?.98  making 
2.80  making 
1.80  making 

February  27  1864,  there  was  added  

May  16,  1887,  there  was  added  

November  and  December  5,  1887,  thei  e  was  added  

July  £9  1889  there  was  added              

April  16,  1890  village  of  G:<no  added  

1890  South  Englewood  added        

1890,  Washington  Heights  

189:>.  West  Ko.-eland  .  .  . 

Of  the  present  area  5.14  square  miles  are  water,  176.56  land, 
is  divided  into  34  wards,  each  covering  a  territory  as  follows: 

First  ward  1.75  square  miles 

Second  ward 1.5  square  miles 

Third  ward 1.5  square  miles 

Fourth  ward 1.75  square  miles 

Fifth  ward 1.5  square  miles 

Sixth  ward  2.75  square  miles 

Seventh  ward 0.75  square  mile 

Eighth  ward 0.75  square  mile 

Ninth  ward 1.5  square  miles 

Tenth  ward  1.5  square  miles 

Eleventh  ward 1.25  square  miles 

Twelfth  ward 3.00  square  miles 

Thirteenth  ward 3.00  square  miles 

Fourteenth  ward 3.00  square  miles 

Fifteenth  ward 3.25  square  miles 

Sixteenth  ward 0.75  square  mile 

Seventeenth  ward 0.75  square  mile 


The  city 


Eighteenth  ward 0.75  square  mile 

Nineteenth  ward 0.75  square  mile 

Twentieth  ward 1 .00  square  mile 

Twenty-first  ward.    . . .  1.00  square  mile 
Twenty-second  ward.. 0.75  square  mile 

Twenty-third  ward 0.75  square  mile 

Twenty -fourth  ward.  .1.00  square  mile 

Twenty-fifth  ward 5.00  square  miles 

Twenty-sixth  ward. . .  5.75  square  miles 
Twenty-seventh  ward. 29.5  square  miles 
Twenty-eighth  ward.  ..7.00  square  miles 
Twenty-ninth  ward — 6.00  square  miles 

Thirtieth  ward 12.00  square  miles 

Thirty-first  ward 18.00  square  miles 

Thirty-second  ward .  .  .3.75  square  miles 

Thirty-third  ward 28.5  square  miles 

Thirty-fourth  ward.  ..2V.OO  square  miles 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  JS.  51 

Bridewell,  or  House  of  Correction. — This  is  the  city  prison  and  is  generally 
known  as  the  Bridewell,  a  name  which  it  derived  from  the  Bridewell  of  Dub- 
lin, Ireland,  to  which  it  bears  a  similarity  in  many  respects.  The  manage- 
ment is  vested  in  a  superintendent,  appointed  by  the  mayor.  The  expendi- 
tures for  salaries  and  maintenance  and  construction  are  about  $125, 000  per 
annum;  the  receipts  from  police  court  fines,  brick  made  by  inmates  inside  the 
walls,  labor  of  prisoners,  laundry  work  for  police  department,  etc.,  amounts 
to  about  $60,000  per  annum.  The  number  of  prisoners  committed  to  the 
Bridewell  annually  is  about  9,000,  of  whom  about  seven-eighths  are  male. 
The  average  number  of  prisoners  confined  is  about  760  males  and  40  females. 
The  cost  of  the  prison  to  the  city  of  Chicago,  as  it  stands  to-day,  is  about 
$1,500,000.  The  prisoners  are  employed  in  brick-making  and  other  indus- 
tries. County  prisoners  are  also  sent  here,  for  whose  support  the  city  is  paid 
about  30  cents  per  capita  daily.  The  Bridewell  is  situated  at  South  Califor- 
nia avenue,  near  West  Twenty-sixth-street,  West  Side,  and  may  be  reached 
by  Blue  Island  Avenue  cars.  Mark  L.  Crawford  is  the  superintendent. 

Bridges  and  Viaducts. — As  the  Chicago  river  is  navigable  for  lake  vessels, 
and  it,  with  its  branches,  intersects  the  heart  of  the  city,  a  large  number  of 
bridges  have  been  required.  No  less  than  forty-five  now  span  this  small 
stream.  Nearly  all  are  swinging  bridges,  and  many  of  them  are  operated  by 
steam.  Steel  construction  has  been  employed  in  the  bridges  most  recently 
erected.  Among  these,  the  Adams  street  bridge  is  a  notable  structure.  It  is 
a  4-track  bridge,  259  feet  long  on  center  truss,  and  57  feet  in  width.  Thia 
bridge  is  two  feet  three  inches  lower  at  the  east  end  than  at  the  west  end,  and, 
at  the  same  time  is  reversible,  the  turn-table  track  being  set  on  a  grade  of  one 
in  115.  Some  doubts  were  expressed  as  to  its  feasibility  when  the  plan  was 
proposed,  but  the  city  engineers  say  that  no  bridge  in  the  city  works  better 
than  this  one.  The  Rush  street  draw  is  one  of  the  longest  in  the  world.  The 
Lake,  Wells  and  Jackson  street  bridges  are  handsome  structures.  The  present 
bridge  at  Madison  street  is  to  be  moved  to  Washington  street,  and  one  of  the 
finest  bridges  in  the  city  erected  in  its  place,  which  will  probably  be  com- 
pleted this  year. 

The  railroads  entering  the  city  do  so  in  but  few  instances  above  or  below 
the  street  l^vel.  Grade-crossings  are  the  rule.  Engineers  have  long  sought 
to  remedy  this  state  of  affairs,  which  will  probably  be  accomplished  in  time; 
but,  meanwhile,  some  relier  is  being  provided  at  the  most  dangerous  crossings 
by  the  erection  of  viaducts.  There  are  thirty-five  of  these  structures  in  the 
city,  the  longest  and  finest  of  which  is  on  Twelfth  street,  extending  from 
Clark  street  to  Wabash  avenue,  crossing  the  tracks  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company,  and  costing  $209,736. 

Geographical  Center  of  Chicago. — The  geographical  center  of  the  present 
city  of  Chicago  is  located  at  the  intersection  of  Ashland  avenue  and  Thirty- 
ninth  street. 

Health  of  the  City. — There  was  not  a  single  case  of  small-pox  in  Chicago 
during  the  year  1891.  The  physician  of  the  Health  Department  during  that 
period  vaccinated  20,809  persons.  The  vital  statistics  for  1890  were  based 
upon  a  population  of  1,100,000.  During  the  present  year  they  are  based 
upon  a  population  of  1,250,000.  Said  Health  Commissioner  Ware,  at  the 
beginning  of  1892  :  "The  health  of  the  city  has  been  good  and  very  satisfac. 


52  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

tory  to  us.  Our  mortality  for  every  month  of  the  year  was  remarkably  low." 
The  report  of  the  Health  Department  for  1891  shows  that  there  were  27,754 
deaths  In  the  city  during  the  year,  making  a  percentage,  based  upon  a  popula- 
tion of  1,250,000,  of  22.20  per  1,000.  Of  the  deaths  12,801  were  children  under 
five  years  of  age,  a  percentage  of  46.29 ;  and  5  over  one  hundred  years.  The 
grippe  directly  caused  but  336  deaths,  but  pneumonia  and  other  complica- 
tions with  the  deadly  influenza  swelled  the  number  of  victims  of  this  class  of 
diseases.  Pneumonia  carried  off  2,898  ;  consumption  2.120 ;  bronchitis,  1,495; 
typhoid  fever,  1,997  ;  accidents,  1,158  ;  diphtheria,  958  ;  croup,  400  ;  scarlet 
fever,  499;  malarial  fever,  143;  whooping  cough,  194;  suicide,  246; 
delirium  tremens,  148  ;  hydrophobia,  4.  The  total  deaths  from  tubercular 
diseases  was  2,421. 

Lake  and  River  Frontage. — The  city  has  a  frontage  on  Lake  Michigan  of 
twenty-two  miles  and  a  river  frontage  of  about  fifty-eight  miles,  twenty- 
two  and  one-half  miles  of  which  are  navigable. 

Lakes  and  Rivers. — There  are  three  lakes  within  the  present  city  limits 
containing  an  area  of  4,095.6  acres,  as  follows:  Calumet  Lake  3122  acres,  Hyde 
Lake  330.8  acres,  the  portion  of  Wolf  Lake  lying  within  the  city  limits  642.8 
acres.  Of  these  Calumet  and  Wolf  are  navigable.  There  are  two  rivers  within 
the  corporate  limits;  the  Chicago  river,  with  north  and  south  branches,  which 
divide  the  city  into  districts  known,  respectively,  as  the  North,  South  and 
West  "  Divisions"  or  "  Sides"— and  the  Calumet  river,  with  Big  and  Little 
Calumet  rivers,  which  penetrate  the  extreme  southern  part  of  the  city. 

Length  and  Width  of  Chicago. — The  distance  between  north  Seventy -first 
street,  being  the  northern  city  limits,  and  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-ninth 
street,  being  the  southern  city  limits,  is  twenty-four  miles.  The  city  at  its 
broadest  point  is  10.5  miles  in  width.  State  street  has  the  greatest  extension 
north  and  south,  running  from  North  avenue  to  the  southern  city  limits, 
eighteen  miles;  Eighty-seventh  the  greatest  western  extension,  running  the 
entire  width  of  the  city. 

Marriage  Licenses. — The  number  of  licenses  issued  in  Chicago  in  1891  was 
15,400,  or  nearly  1,200  more  than  issued  in  the  previous  year,  when  12,850 
was  considered  a  high  number.  In  January,  1,258  licenses  were  issued;  Feb- 
ruary showed  927  licenses;  March,  893;  April,  1,369;  May,  1,284;  June,  1,441; 
July,  1085;  August,  1,206;  September,  1,532;  October,  1,613;  November,  1,513; 
December,  1,250.  The  rather  delicate  and  sometimes  embarrassing  question 
regarding  the  ages  of  the  contracting  parties  was  answered  with  all  the  num- 
bers from  14  to  86.  In  twenty  instances  the  bride  had  just  passed  14  years, 
while  the  ages  of  the  grooms  ranged  between  17  and  20  years.  During  the 
summer  months  the  number  of  applicants  under  the  age  of  majority  reached 
300.  At  an  average  of  two  times  a  day  the  "pa"  or  the  "  ma"  had  to  give 
their  consent.  Never  in  the  history  of  Chicago  have  so  many  people  in  their 
advanced  age  re-entered  the  connubial  life  as  in  the  latter  part  of  1891,  the 
records  showing  nearly  100  couples  respectively  between  55-65  and  50-60. 
The  oldest  man  was  86  and  is  still  alive;  next  comes  one  at  82,  manied  a  few 
days  ago,  and  finally  a  comparatively  young  fellow  of  77.  The  oldest  maid 
was  68V  while  the  oldest  widow  was  62. 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  IS. 


53 


Mileage  of  Streets. — The  annexation  of  Gano,  Washington  Heights,  West 
Roseland  and  part  of  Calumet,  has  extended  the  number  of  miles  of  streets  in 
Chicago  to  2,235.71,  divided  as  follows: 


IMPROVED. 

UNIMPROVED 

Former  City  ot  Chicago      

438  28 

33080 

Hyde  Park         

125  07 

416  87 

40  09 

298  00 

Like  View          

56  05 

75  48 

Jefferson  

24?.28 

Cicero    

84.79 

Gano,  Washington  Heights,  etc  

119  00 

Totals  

668.49 

1,567  22 

Morgue. — Situated  in  the  rear  of  the  County  Hospital,  near  the  Polk 
street  side.  Take  Harrison  street  or  Ogden  avenue  car.  Ten  bodies,  on  an 
average,  are  picked  up  in  the  streets  of  Chicago  every  day.  Besides  these, 
morgue  accommodations  are  necessary  for  many  of  those  who  die  in"  the 
county  and  other  hospitals,  police  stations,  etc.  The  inside  measures  40x46J^ 
feet,  and  the  entire  affair,  with  offices,  etc.,  cost  about  $18,000.  All  bodies 
are  disinfected  and  frozen  by  the  carbolic  acid  process  before  being  placed  on 
view. 

Natural  Gas  Supply. — Natural  gas  for  fuel  purposes  will  be  conveyed  to 
and  used  in  Chicago  extensively  before  the  close  of  1892. 

Poverty  in  C7w'c#y3.— Notwithstanding  the  great  prosperity  of  the  people 
as  a  whole,  poverty  is  to  be  found  in  Chicago  as  well  as  elsewhere.  Mu- 
nicipal charity  in  Chicago  has  risen  to  the  dignity  of  an  applied  science. 
Through  the  refuse  of  alleys,  up  the  trembling  stairs  of  tenements,  and  into 
the  hovels  of  want  and  misery  a  force  of  men  and  women  daily  goes, 
carrying  food  for  the  hungry,  warm  clothing  for  the  naked,  coals  for  the 
needy,  and  medicine  for  the  sick.  From  November  until  April,  Cook 
County  gives  away  200  sacks  of  flour,  forty  pairs  of  shoes,  and  fifty  tons  of 
coal  every  day.  Relief  of  the  deserving  poor  involves  not  alone  the  dis- 
covery and  proper  aid  of  the  unfortunates,  but  is  attended  with  a  constant 
warfare  against  the  idle  and  vicious.  Agents  of  the  Visitation  and  Aid 
society,  the  Relief  and  Aid  society,  the  German  Aid  society,  the  Hebrew  Aid 
society,  and  St.  Vincentde  Paul's  daily  seek  the  sick  and  needy,  but  their  work 
is  only  of  a  semi-public  nature.  From  the  office  of  the  county  agent,  at  36 
West  Madison  street,  there  are  sent  twenty-seven  men  and  three  women,  who 
investigate  the  condition  of  those  reported  to  be  in  want  and  who,  by  reason 
of  their  familiarity  with  neighborhoods  and  individuals,  are  able  to  insure  a 
wise  bestowal  of  public  charity. 

Revenues  and  Disbursements  of  the  City  for  1801. — The  following  shows 
in  detail  the  revenues  and  disbursements  of  the  city  of  Chicago  for  the  year 
ending  December  31,  1891,  as  reported  by  the  city  treasurer.  RECEIPTS: 
balance  January  1, 1891,  $567,555;  general  taxes,1890,"  $9,199, 796;  water  fund, 
$4,456,286;  sewerage  fund,  1891,  $171,733;  department  publishing  works' 
1891,  $692,897;  school  tax  fund,  1890,  $15,000;  school  tax  fund,  1891,  " 


54  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

643;  street  lamp  fund,  1891,  $97,855;  first  district  police  court,  $27,692;  sec- 
ond district  police  court,  $7,1.  JJ-  third  district  police  court,  $11,093;  fourth 
district  police  court,  $6,247;  fiftli  district  police  court,  $5,943;  sixth  district 
police  court,  $5,131;  seventh  district  police  court,  $4,343;  eighth  district 
police  court,  $3,225;  ninth  district  police  court,  $2,828;  tenth  district  police 
court,  $2,924;  special  assessments  and  deposit  fund,  $6,407,394;  school  fund, 
'$2,400,440;  house  of  correction,  1891,  $01,812;  city  markets,  4,792;  pounds, 
$3,556;  wharfing  interests,  $1,219;  Jonathan  Burr  fund,  $1,722;  general 
fund,  1891,  $1,474,805;  licenses,  $3,882,453;  rents,  $27,495;  refunding  loan 
account,  $690,700;  police  department,  fund  1891,  $31,294;  fire  department 
fund,  1891,  $6,755;  public  library  fund,  1891,  $6,928;  health  department  fund, 
1891,  $161;  contingent  fund,  1891,  $3;  fees,  $1,550;  Harrison  and  Tree  fund, 
$48;  tax  deeds  in  1873,  $63;  special  tax  purchases  in  1878,  $6;  tax  purchases 
in  1875,  $34;  tax  purchases  in  1887,  $70;  forfeitures,  1889  and  prior,  $259; 
police  life  and  health  insurance  fund,  $200— $29,550,560,  tolal,  $30,118,115. 
DISBURSEMENTS:  Special  assessments  and  deposit  fund,  $6,214,880;  water 
fund,  $3,888,043-  school  fund,  $2,399,220;  general  fund,  1889,  $10,264;  gen- 
eral fund,  1890,  $5,222;  general  fund  189i,  $1,932,960;  fire  fund,  1890,  $17,950; 
fire  fund,  1891,  $1,380,109;  police  fund,  1890,  $2,511;  police  fund,  1891, 
$2,621,182';  house  of  correction,  1890,  $653;  house  of  correction,  1891,  $92,- 
504;  health  department,  1890,  $3,361;  healthdepartment  1891,  $454,276;  school 
tax,  1890,  $23,479;  school  tax,  1891,  $4,264,016;  public  library,  1890,  $2,499; 
public  library,  1891,  $100,500;  street  lamps,  1890,  $3,841;  street  lamps,  1891, 
$761,223;  sewerage,  1890,  $17,864;  sewerage,  1891,  $546,874;  department  of 
public  works,  1890,409,203;  department  of  public  works,  1891,  $2,319,471; 
contingent,  1890,  $583,  contingent,  1891,  17,239,  Jonathan  Burr,  $1,726; 
police  life  and  health,  $421;  interest  account,  1891,  $546,438;  Chicago  and 
south  side  "L"  railway,  $100,000;  Town  of  Lake,  special,  $1,052.  Town  of 
Lake,  general,  $117;  Hyde  Park,  special,  $2,540;  Hyde  Park,  general,  $52; 
Lake  View,  special,  $672;  Lake  View,  general,  $29;  Jefferson,  special,  $26; 
general  sinking  fund,  $50;  school  tax  annexed  territory,  $27.  Total,  $28,- 
149,393;  balance  in  treasury  December  31,  1891,  $1,968,722.  Total,  $30,118,- 
115. 

Tenement  House  and  Factory  Inspection. — During  1891  the  Tenement 
House  and  Factory  Inspection  Department  examined  8,731  new  buildings 
in  course  of  construction;  15,577  buildings  and  houses,  containing  95,261  per- 
sons; 19,429  workshops  with  404,760  employes;  served  9,702  notices;  abated 
9,134  nuisances;  2,162  cases  of  defective  plumbing,  and  711  cases  of  defective 
drainage. 

Topography  of  Chicago. — The  city  of  Chicago  is  level  but  not  flat.  There 
are  considerable  rises  here  and  there,  the  most  noticeable  being  the  ridge 
which  traverses  the  southern  portion,  west  of  Hyde  Park,  to  the  Indiana  line. 
All  difficulties  in  the  way  of  sewering  have  been  overcome  long  since  by  skill- 
ful engineering.  The  Chicago  river  which  originally  emptied  into,  now  flows 
out  of  the  lake.  The  sewerage  is  carried  by  the  river,  in  great  part,  to  a  canal 
which  conducts  it  through  the  interior.  It  finally  finds  its  way  into  the  Illi- 
nois and  Mississippi  rivers.  The  drainage  of  the  city  is  an  interesting  subject, 
and  the  plans  for  future  work  in  this  connection  are  of  great  magnitude  and 
involve  the  expenditure  of  many  millions.  [See  "Ship  and  Drainage 
Canals,"  with  map.] 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  IS. 


55 


Uniting  Gity  and  County. — The  question  of  unitfng  the  city  of  Chicago 
and  the  county  of  Cook  under  one  government,  is  being  seriously  considered 
at  present.  A  constitutional  amendment  with  this  end  in  view  will  probably 
be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people  at  the  next  general  election  in  1892. 

Water  Supply. — The  city,  at  present,  is  supplied  with  22  pumping  engines 
of  various  types  and  power,  representing  a  total  engine  capacity  for  delivering 
daily  260.000,000  gallons  of  water.  From  measurements  obtained,  there  was 
pumped  during  the  year  a  daily  average  of  over  154,000,000  gallons,  which  is 
nearly  60  per  cent,  of  the  total  capacity  of  the  pumping  power  of  the  engines 
now  in  use.  [See  "  Water  Works."] 

JOBBING  AND  WHOLESALE  BUSINESS. 

The  jobbing  and  wholesale  business  of  Chicago  amounted  to  $517,166,000 
in  1891.  Of  this,  the  dry  goods  trade  alone  amounted  to  $98,416,000  or 
nearly  one-fifth.  The  following  statement  exhibits  the  business  transacted  in 
the  various  lines  of  trade,  compared  with  previous  years: 


1891. 

1890. 

Dry  Goods  and  Carpets  ,  

8  68.416,000 

$93,730,000 

Groceries  .... 

56,iOO,000 

56,700,000 

Lumber  

39,000,OdO 

36,900,000 

Manufactured  Iron  

1  7.  Oft  V  00 

15,580,0(  0 

Clothing  .         

23,600,1  00 

21,500000 

Boots  and  Shoes  

27,v  0,OCO 

25,900,000 

Drugs  and  Chemicals  

7,600,000 

7,100,000 

Crockery  and  Glassware  

6,000.0(0 

5,500,000 

Hats  and  Caps  

8,000,000 

7,000,000 

Millinery  .  ... 

7,000,000 

7,000  (X  0 

Tobacco  and  Cigars  

11,  500,'  00 

10,850,000 

Fresh  and  Salt  Fish,  Oysters  and  Salmon  .  .  . 

5,500,(>CO 

5,460,000 

Oils  

4/00,000 

4,000,000 

Dried  Fruits  

4,300,'  00 

4.300.000 

Building  Materials  

4,500,000 

4,4fi8,000 

Furs  ,  

1.750,000 

I,500,0f0 

Carriages  

2,000,000 

1,850,000 

Pianos,  Organs  and  Musical  Instruments  

7,800,000 

7,300,000 

Music-books  and  Sheet  Music  

625,0(10 

575,000 

Books,  Stationery  and  Wall  Paper           .     .    . 

22  000,000 

22,000,(  0  ) 

Paper  

2S,()i  0,OCO 

25,500000 

Paper  Stock  

5,500,000 

5,000,000 

Pig  Iron  

20,500,(00 

20,035,000 

Coal  

26,000,'  00 

25,d75,0<  0 

Hardware  and  Cutlery  

l'J,225,000 

17,500,000 

Wooden  and  Willow  Ware 

3/00,000 

3  t6J  (00 

Liquors 

15.000,0(0 

13  8(  0  000 

.Tewelrv,  Watches  and  Diamonds  

25,000,0'  0 

20,400,000 

Leather  and  Finding's  

2.750,000 

2,520,000 

Pig  Lead  and  Copper  

6,000  000 

6,666,00:) 

Iron  Ore    

4,500.'  (X) 

4,00(1,000 

Miscellaneous  

6,0i  0,000 

5,035,000 

Totals  

S")17    C6  000 

8186,600,000 

Total  in  1°90.. 
Total  in  1389.. 


$486,600,001 
.  418,165,000 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


Export  Trade  of  Chicago. — The  following  is  the  merchandise  entered  for 
export,  with  benefit  of  drawback,  at  the  port  of  Chicago  during  the  year  1891. 


PACKAGES  AND  CONTENTS 

QUANTITY. 

ARTICLES  AND  QUANTITIES 
ENTITLED  TO  DRAWBACK. 

AMO'NT  OF 
DRAWB'K. 

89  \676  packages  canned  meats.  •  • 
1  7,446  packages  salted  meats  — 
16,075  baled  binder  twine  

54,877,719  Ibs 
21,224,44  i  Ibs 
1,128,468  Ibs 

Tinplate  8,735,992  Ibs 

$89,93!.  81 
4,0  .'0.45 
7,693.76 

$101  ,64-,.  02 

Salt  4,808,475  Ibs 

Hemp  1,128,468  Ibs 

Total  



Import  Trade  of  Chicago.  —  Following  is  a  list  of  the  merchandise  imported 
to  Chicago  during  the  year  1891. 

COMMODITIES. 

QUANTITIES. 

COMMODITIES. 

QUANTITIES. 

Ale,  beer,  and  porter,  pkgs 

4,284 

Lemons,  pkgs  

15  010 

Art  material,  pkgs  

22  "i 

Lumber,  m  

16.S69 

Anvils  No 

1,643 

Machinery,  pkgs  

255 

B°ans  and  peas,  bag's.  .  .  . 

2,411 

Macaroni,  pKgd.        

6,4  i  9 

Berries,  brls  

2,384 

Marble  and  granite,  pkgs.  .  . 

2,215 

Bedsteads,  pkgs    ...        

6,873 

Marble  Slabs,  No  

22,641 

Uicycles,  pkgs  

510 

Mf  .  Metal,  cases  

2,082 

Bittors,  cases  

H2 

Millinery,  cases      

991 

Bleaching  powder,  pkgs    

673 

Musical  goods,  cases  

2,345 

600 

Nuts,  pkgs                

6  i>32 

Buttles,  empty,  pkgs  

1,001 

Olive  oil,  pkgs  

2,246 

Brandy,  liquors,  pkgs.  

5,739 

Oxide  of  iron,  tons.  

tsjt 

Bricks,  casks  .  .           ... 

7.118 

Paints  and  color  ^,  pkgs  

2,018 

Caustic  soda  pko's 

3,968 

Paintings  cases  

i55 

Canned  goods,  csises 

6,150 

Paper,  pkgs.     

1,266 

Cement,  pkgs  

17,668 

Phosphate,  cars  

il 

Champagne,  cases    

2,978 

Pickles,  pkgs  

3,553 

Cheese,  pkgs 

974 

Posts,  Cedar,  No        

258,  ?«  0 

China,  pkgs  

1,765 

Plants  and  bulbs,  cases.  .  .  . 

963 

Cocoanut  oil,  pipes  

170 

Potash,  pkgs    

472 

Cocoa,  pkgs  

8,172 

Prunes,  pkgs    

4,420 

Cigars,  cases 

1,906 

Raisins,  pkgs.  

27,940 

Cotfee,  bags  

5,289 

Rice,  bags  

19,906 

Corkwood,  bales 

3,679 

Salt   sacks                   .   . 

149,4S1 

Currants,  pkgs  

2,000 

Sausage  Csgs.,  pkgs  

326 

Cutlery,  pkgs 

119 

2,0^8 

Dry  goods,  pkgs  

17,649 

Skins,  pkgs    

440 

Druggist  sundries,  pkgs  

1,500 

Soda  Ash,  pkgs  

2,346 

Ext.  of  meat,  cases  

190 

Stat'ry  and  Brnzs,  pkgs  .  . 

2^3 

Effects,  pkgs  ,      .         

663 

Smokers  articles,  cases  

1,385 

Earthenware,  pkgs  

16,572 

Sugar  refined,  brls  

83.590 

Feathers,  bales        

?<71 

Sugar,  Maple,  pkgs  

1,978 

Figs  and  dates,  pkgs  

13,763 

Tar  and  Pitch,  pkgs  

2,653 

Firearms,  pkgs..  

129 

Tea,  pkgs  

241,727 

Fish,  pkgs  

52,070 

Ties  Railroad,  No    

113.620 

Fullers  earth,  bags. 

3,744 

Tiles   pkgs  

1,199 

Furniture,  pkgs  

V30 

Tinplate,  boxes  

330,702 

Gin,  pkgs  

2,763 

Tobacco,  bales      ... 

4,827 

Glass,  window,  pkgs  

2,730 

Toys,  cases  

1,187 

Glassware,  pkgs 

56J 

Type  metal,  pigs. 

4,874 

Glue,  pkgs  

118 

Water,  Mineral,  pkgs.... 

635 

Grease,  pkgs      ..                .... 

775 

Whisky,  pkgs. 

3,739 

Hardware,  pkgs  

5K5 

Wine,  pkgs  

16,992 

Instruments,  scientific,  cases 

153 

Wire  rope,  coils    

62 

Japan,  goods  pk^s 

3,610 

Wood  Mfd,  pko-s 

1,987 

Iron  and  steel,  mfd.,  pkgs.  .  .  . 

2,148 

Miscellaneous,  pkgs  

303 

Jewelers'  sundries,  pkgs  

232 

[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company."] 

THE  INDIAN  GROUP,  LINCOLN  PARK. 

[See  "Lincoln  Park."] 


CHICAGO   AS   IT  IS. 


57 


Iron  and  Steel  Market.— During  the  last  few  years  a  large  number  of 
manufacturers,  who  use  large  quantities  of  iron  and  steel,  have  been  located 
In  Chicago,  and  the  home  consumption  of  this  material  is  probably  the  largest 
of  any  point  in  the  United  States;  besides  this,  the  Chicago  jobbers  have  sold 
an  unusually  large  tonnage  for  shipment  to  all  points  in  the  west  and  north- 
west, so  that  it  must  be  conceded  that  Chicago  takes  first  place  in  the  United 
States  as  an  iron  and  steel  market,  it  being  well  known  that  whenever  manu- 
facturers are  overstocked  with  any  material  in  this  line,  they  usually  come  to 
Chicago  to  dispose  of  their  surplus. 

MANUFACTURES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  manufactures  of  Chicago  keep  pace  with  the  growth  of  population 
and  commerce.  There  were  3.307  manufacturing  firms  in  this  Jty  in  1891, 
against  3,250  in  1890;  the  capital  employed  iu  manufactures  in  1891  was  $210,- 
302,000,  against  $190, 000,000  in  1890,  the  number  of  workers  employed  in 
manufacturing  in  Chicago  in  1891  was  180,870,  against  177,500  in  1890;  the 
wages  paid  by  manufacturers  in  1891  amounted  to  $104,904,000  against  $96,- 
200,000,  in  1890,  and  the  value  of  the  product  of  Chicago  manufactories  in 
1891  was  $567,012,300,  against  $538,000,000,  in  1890. 

Brewing,  Distilling  and  Tobacco. 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WKRS. 

PRODUCT. 

Breweries    •  

42 

$11  500,000 

2000 

$13  200  000 

Malthousc'S    .          

34 

4,000,000 

700 

5  500  000 

Distillers  and  Rectifiers                .  .  . 

84 

5  250  000 

1,000 

15  736  (100 

Tobacco  and  snuff  

23 

-iHK),roo 

900 

3,040'0()0 

Cigars  and  cigarettes  

930 

1,750,000 

2,600 

8  100000 

Totals  

1,163 

$23,400,000 

7,2TO 

$45,576,000 

Totals  1890  

1,160 

25,160,000 

7,050 

44  787  000 

The  amount  paid  in  wages  is  estimated  at  $4,380,000,  against  $4,368,000 
for  1890. 

Brass,  Copper,  etc. — The  following  table  exhibits  the  manufactures  in 
brass,  copper,  etc.,  in  Chicago,  for  the  year  1891: 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

Brass,  copper  and  plumbers1  supplies  — 
Tin,  stamped,  and  sheet  metal  ware  
Jewelry  manufactures  

28 
34 
24 

$  1,500,000 
3,000,000 
1000000 

1,700 
2,800 
600 

$  3000,000 
7,475,000 
2  500  COO 

10 

750  000 

300 

1  500  00() 

Optical  goods  

2 

250  000 

70 

500000 

Telegraph  and  elfctric  supplies        

7 

1,470  000 

2  050 

3  660  000 

Smelting  and  refining  

4 

S,450  000 

750 

23  607  UOO 

Iron  and  brass  works  

6 

2iO,COO 

250 

500,030 

Miscellaneous  

38 

650,000 

820 

2,800,000 

Totals  

153 

$11,270000 

9  340 

$45  543  000 

Totals,  1890  

141 

8,260  000 

9  185 

46  420000 

The  estimated  amount  of  wages  paid  in- 1891  is  $6,065,000.  as  against 
$5, 750,000  for  1890. 


58 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


Brick,  Stone,  etc. — The  estimates  of  the  manufactures  in  brick,  stone,  etc., 
in  Chicago,  for  1891,  were: 

INDUSTRIFS. 


Brickyards 

Cut  Stone  Contractors 

Marble  and  Granite  Works. 

Gravel  Roofers 

Lime  Kilns    

Terra  Cotta 

Stained  Glass  Factories 


Totals 

Totals,  1890 

The  amount  of  wages  estimated  to  have  been  paid  in  1891  was  $3,8bO,UJO 
against  $3,209,000  in  1890. 

Iron  and  Wood.—  Following  are  the  estimates  of  the  combined  wood  and 
iron  manufactures  of  Chicago  for  the  year  1891: 


No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

68 
65 
32 
30 
6 
1 
10 

83,600,000 
1,525,000 
1,0:-:0,000 
225,000 
225,000 
300,0'  0 
300,000 

3,785 
1,600 
750 
501 
370 
500 
350 

$  3,8^6,000 
2,000,000 
1,800/00 
1,150,000 
450,000 
600,000 
90  ,000 

212 
214 

$7,205,000 
5,680,000 

7,855 
7,520 

$10,726,000 
12,600,000 

INDUSTRIES. 

No.       CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

Wagons  and  Carriages  

70 
5 
4 
6 
5 

$  2,000,000 
7,150,000 
6,400,000 
1,675,000 
700,000 

2,000 

5,6  ;& 

8,000 
850 
250 

$  4,000,000 
15,950,aH) 
17,350,000 
3,000,000 
800,000 

Agricultural  Implements         

Car  and  Bridge  Builders  

Elevators  

Sewing  Machines  and  Cases    

« 
Totals  

90 
92 

$17,925,000 
13,700,000 

16,725 
15,200 

$41,100,000 
42,000,000 

Totals  1890  

The  wages  of  the  year  are  estimated  at  $12,575,000,  as  compared  with 
$13,000,000  for  the  previous  year. 

Chemicals. — The  manufacture  of  chemicals  in  Chicago  for  the  year  1891, 
was  estimated  as  follows: 


INDUSTRIES. 


Chemical  works . .    

White  lead  and  paint 

White  lead  corroders 

Varnish 

Axle  grease 

Glue  fertilizers,  etc 

Soap  

Candles 

Linseed  oil  and  cake 

Soda,  mineral  waters,  etc 
Ink,  sealing  wax,  etc 


Totals. 
Totals  1890.. 


No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORK- 
ERS. 

PRODUCT. 

6 

$     700,000 

250 

$1.750.000 

20 

1,500,000 

500 

4,400.000 

2 

1,750,000 

125 

2,1  00,000 

8 

1,200,000 

15(1 

1,300,000 

1 

3,00,000 

50 

1/00,000 

5 

1,700,000 

1S000 

3,500,0(10 

8 

3,000,000 

2/00 

8,000,00i) 

2 

500,000 

125 

800,000 

7 

1,750,000 

250 

3,500,000 

20 

900.000 

600 

2,000,000 

1 

75,000 

100 

250,000 

80 

$13,375,000 

5,150 

§28,500,000 

84 

14,320,000 

4,900 

23,550,000 

The  wages  fiaid  in  1891  footed  up  $3,240,000,  as  against  $2,460, 000  in  1890. 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS* 


Iron  and  Steel. — The  following  table  exhibits  the  manufactures  in  iron  and 
steel  in  Chicago  for  the  year  1891: 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORK- 
ERS. 

PRODUCT. 

6 
60 
76 
32 
6 
9 
14 
14 
40 
JO 
50 

$  27,700.1  00 
3.500,OOU 
3,800,000 
600,000 
2,7:>0,000 
J,  305,1  00 
40n,f'0i) 
6fO,000 
6<;0,000 
200,0(0 
3.500,000 

10,475 
4,500 
4,000 
1,200 
1,700 
1,360 
600 
800 
950 
4i'0 
4,200 

$  25,900,0  0 
11,1100,000 
9,000,000 
2.250,00 
4,601,000 
2,4'  0,OT>0 
1,10  ,000 
2,80'',0(IO 
l,7l  0,000 
450,01  0 
9,500,000 

P"iler  works  

Barbed  wire  and  wircworks  

Miscellaneous  

Totals                

316 
321 

$  44,005,000 
4u,600,000 

30,185 
34,600 

$70,700,000 
69,325,000 

Totals  1890                                

The  amount  of  wages  paid  in  1891  is  estimated  at  $19,706,000,  as  com- 
pared with  $18,500,000  for  1890. 

Meats.—  The  following  table  shows  the  meat  industry  of  Chicago  for  the 
year  1891. 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORK- 
ERS. 

PRODUCT. 

20 
12 
2<i 
0 
18 

76 
75 

$  7,500,000 
6,000,000 

3  ono,0f  o 
1,000,000 

500,000 

11,000 
9,00' 
3,500 
1,000 
50u 

$    60,000,000 
55,0(10,000 
12,550,000 
4,330.000 
1,980,000 

$18,000.000 
17,000,001' 

25,000 
24,500 

$  133.860,000 
137.275.1  00 

Totals.  1890 

The  volume  of  wages  for  the  last  year  aggregates  §14,976,000,  against 
$13,585,000  for  1890. 

Leather. — The  manufactures  of  leather  in  Chicago  for  the  year  1691  were 
estimated  as  follows: 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

19 

50 
3 
9 

6 

$5,000,000 

6,000.000 
400,000 
500,000 

500,000 

1,800 

5,100 
400 
450 

325 

$  6,500,000 

13,150,000 
1,500,000 
1,400,100 

1,300,000 

Boot,  shoe  and  slipper  manufactur- 

Saddleand  harness  manufacturers.. 

Hose  and  leather  belting  manufact- 
urers   

Totals  

87 
84 

12,401,000 
10,475,000 

7,975 
7,975 

23,850,000 
24,000,000 

Totals,  1890  

The  volume  of  wages  paid  in  1891  aggregated  $4,780,000,  against  $5,340,- 
000  in  the  previous  year. 

GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


Printing. — The  manufactures  of  Chicago  coming  under  this  heading  in 
the  year  1891  were  estimated  as  follows: 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

Printing,  binding    publishing    and 
newspapers  *. 

240 

$4,500,000 

6,200 

$22000,000 

Lithographing  nouses  .'  

12 

850,000 

715 

1,500,000 

Electrotypiug  and  stereotyping    .  .  . 
Type  founders  

15 

4 

3(10,000 
600,OJO 

550 

65n 

1,000,000 
1  500/00 

Printers'  ink  factories  

3 

62,000 

20 

80,000 

Printing  presses                 ... 

5 

375,000 

325 

7CO  000 

Printers'  furniture,  supplies,  etc  
Book  binderies  

3 
12 

50,000 
350,000 

60 
900 

125,000 
1,000,000 

Totals  

294 

7,087,000 

9,410 

27,905,000 

Totals,  1890  ... 

285 

6.322.000 

9.200 

20.912.000 

The  estimated  amount  of  wages  paid  in  1891  was  $6,157,000,  as  com- 
pared with  $5,800,000  in  1890. 

Textiles. — The  manufactures  of  textiles  in  Chicago  for  the  year  1891  were 
estimated  as  follows: 


TEXTILES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

Men's  and  boys'  clothing  

50 

$15,000,000 

14,000 

$30,000,000 

Colored  shirts,  overalls  etc  

25 

2,000,000 

2,000 

3,750,000 

Men's  neckwear  

8 

750,000 

1,5'  0 

2,000,000 

White  shirts  

20 

1,000,000 

1,500 

2,500,000 

Furs  

10 

700,000 

300 

1,000,000 

Cloaks  and  suitings  

15 

2,600,000 

7,000 

11,000,000 

Cloak  and  dress  trimmings  

4 

375,000 

500 

600,000 

Millinery  

9 

850,000 

1,200 

1,700,000 

Totals  

141 

22,775,000 

28,000 

62,550,000 

Totals  1890  

165 

16,723,000 

26,960 

38,325,000 

The  wages  for  1891  aggregate  $10,630,000,  as  against  $8,700,000  for  the 
previous  year. 

Wood  and  Manufactures. — The  manufactures  of  wood  in  Chicago  for 
1891  were  as  follows: 


INDUSTRIES. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

Pinning  mills,  sash,  doors,  mouldings 
boxes,  etc  

80 

$3,500,000 

6,500 

$10,000,0ro 

Cooperage  .... 

25 

500,000 

8>0 

2,000,000 

Furniture  

260 

8,000,000 

12,000 

21,000,000 

Pictures  frames  and  looking  glasses. 
Pianos  and  organs  

60 
24 

1,500,000 
4,500,000 

1,500 
3,000 

3,000,000 

7,ooo,ono 

Billiard  tables             .  . 

3 

375,000 

400 

700.000 

30 

1,000,100 

800 

2,350,000 

Totals. 

483 

19.375,000 

25,000 

46,050,000 

Totals,  1890  

470 

18,500,000 

24,800 

46,000,000 

The  estimated  wages  are  $13,520,000,  against  $13,500,000  for  1890. 


CHICAGO    AS  IT   IS. 


61 


Other  Manufactures. — The  other  manufactures  of  Chicago,  coming  under 
the  head  of  miscellaneous,  for  the  year  1891,  were  estimated  as  follows: 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

No. 

CAPITAL. 

WORKERS. 

PRODUCT. 

Tools  and  bicycle  factories  

3 

$850,000 

1,400 

$2  100000 

Sign-makers  

35 

125,000 

500 

750  000 

Brushes  (not  broom)     

16 

800000 

850 

720  000 

Brooms  

2 

75,000 

75 

250000 

Feather  dusters  

4 

60,000 

150 

200000 

Show  cases  

10 

120,000 

130 

45  i  000 

Glass  

] 

100,000 

120 

200'000 

Corks  

3 

130,000 

120 

225'000 

Paper  boxes  

14 

250,000 

850 

900,000 

Sails,  awning's,  etc  

12 

200,0.0 

250 

550000 

Shipyards..  

2 

300,000 

100 

200  (XX) 

Perfumery  

6 

225,000 

250 

750,000 

Totals...:. 

JOS 

2,735,000 

4,295 

7,295,000 

Totals  1890  

98 

2,277,000 

4,235 

7,140,<00 

The  wages  paid  approximate  $2,245,000,  against  $2,053,000  for  1890. 

MARITIME  INTERESTS. 

% 

It  will  be  a  surprise  to  the  stranger,  whether  American  or  foreign,  to 
learn  that  the  arrivals  and  clearances  of  vessels  at  Chicago  harbor  exceed 
those  of  New  York  by  fully  50  per  cent.;  that  they  are  nearly  as  many  as 
those  of  Baltimore,  Boston  and  New  York  combined,  and  that  they  are  a 
fraction  of  over  60  per  cent,  as  many  as  all  the  arrivals  and  clearances  in 
Baltimore,  Boston,  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia,  Portland  and  San 
Francisco.  Chicago  has  also  fully  25  per  cent,  of  the  entire  lake-carrying 
trade,  as  compared  with  the  total  arrivals  and  clearances  in  Buffalo,  Detroit, 
Duluth,  Erie,  Huron,  Grand  Haven,  Milwaukee,  Ogdensburg,  Sanduskyand 
Marquette.  These  noteworthy  facts  are  amplified  in  the  two  following 
tables: 

DISTRICTS  ON  THE   SEABOARD. 


DISTRICT  OF— 

VESSELS 
ENTERED. 

VESSELS 
CLEARED. 

TOTAL. 

AOGR'G'TE 
RECEIPTS. 

COST  TO 
COLLECT  $1. 

Baltimore           

1,828 

1,443 

3,270 

$    3,766,922 

$0.072 

Boston     

3,260 

3,391 

6,650 

18,038,773 

.033 

New  Orleans  .            

1,156 

1,148 

2,304 

2,106,681 

.099 

New  York    

8,196 

7,818 

16,014 

147,538,045 

.018 

Philadelphia  

1,829 

2,053 

3,883 

20,711,455 

.023 

Portland  

784 

1,149 

1,933 

187,950 

.263 

Pt.  Townsend  

1,738 

1,792 

3,530 

193,003 

.288 

Providence  

666 

202 

868 

3?8,850 

.054 

San  Francisco  

1,285 

1,537 

2,822 

7,956,889 

.047 

Total  

20,742 

20,531 

41,273 

$200,828,567 

$0.897 

Average  

2,305 

1,281 

4,586 

22,314,285 

.100 

Chicago  

10,107 

10,120 

20,227 

6,794,515 

.033 

62 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


PRINCIPAL  DISTRICTS  ON  THE  GREAT  LAKES. 


DISTRICT  OF— 

VESSELS 
ENTERED. 

VESSELS 
CLEARED. 

TOTAL. 

AGGR'GATE 
RECEIPTS. 

COST  TO 
COLLECT  $1. 

Buffalo  

3,936 

4,304 

8  240 

$   8*2  175 

80  065 

Cleveland  

5  136 

5  170 

10  308 

388  598 

'070 

Detroit  

6  296 

6  530 

12  826 

630  670 

1  3 

Duluth  

1,150 

1,165 

2  315 

8  318 

660 

Port  Huron            .... 

4  952 

4  837 

9  789 

191  15  i 

228 

Grand  Haven  

7,710 

7,707 

15,417 

1,881 

2  889 

Milwaukee  

10,708 

10,286 

20  994 

393  530 

034 

Ogdensburg  

1,435 

1,394 

2  829 

?63888 

091 

Marquette      .     .        ... 

6622 

6  686 

13  308 

If  856 

730 

Total  

47,945 

48,079 

96,024 

$2,759  069 

$4  88 

Average  

5,327 

5,324 

10,669 

306,563 

512 

Chicago  

i      10,107 

10  120 

20  2:-7 

5  794  51  5 

023 

Shipments  of  Grain  by  Lake  to  Canada. — The  shipments  of  grain  by  lake 
to  Canada  during  1891,  embracing  corn,  oats,  wheat  and  rye,  were: 


SHIPPED  TO— 

BUSHELS. 

SHIPPED  TO— 

BUSHELS. 

Collingwood  

405,421 

Sarnia   

985,978 

Kingston  

4,126,400 

25  100 

Midland  

1,199,150 

Montreal  
Point  Edward  
Prescott  

367,082 
344,469 
38.000 

Total  

7,491,600 

Coastwise  Receipts  and  Shipments. — The  coastwise  receipts  and  shipments  at 
the  port  of  Chicago  during  1891  were: 

RECEIPTS. 


ARTICLES 

QUANTITY. 

ARTICLES. 

QUANTITY. 

5687030 

Iron  ore,  tons  

71,449 

852  987 

Iron  tons  

19.423 

21  537 

106  273 

Lumber  1  000 

1  302  226 

Coffee,  sacks  

26  i07 

Shingles  1  000 

'253  738 

Tea,  chests  

4,885 

Lath,  1  000              .  .           .     . 

37,139 

Liquor.-1,  packages  

40,112 

4  233,929 

Fish,  tons  

2,349 

2  052  050 

Hides,  pieces  

4,524 

'  53  375 

Potatoes,  bushels  

220,465 

32  683 

Hay,  tons 

2,510 

Bark,  cords                      

13,434 

Flour,  barrels  

22,840 

1  215  331 

ft  965 

30  775 

Stone,  tons  

12,590 

403,414 

Sulphur,  tons  

653 

41  080 

Plaster,  barrels  

101,696 

164,260 

Cement,  barrels  

316,231 

150,086 

Oil,  barrels  

4,?  90 

Cheese,  packages  

61,582 

Woolsacks  

1,998 

CHICAGO   AS    IT   IS. 


63 


SHIPMENTS. 


ARTICLES. 

QUANTITY. 

ARTICLES. 

QUANTITY. 

Flour,  brls  
Mchds.,  pkgs  
Wheat,  bu      '  
Corn,  bu  
Oats,  bu  
Rye,  bu       
Barley,  bu  
Grass-seed,  s  vcks  

1,684,011 
I,o50,30l 
29,641,142 
37,705,2o7 
17,7«v28 
4,094.744 
1,628,900 
80,073 

Coffee,  sacks    
Tea,  chests  
Sugar,  brl*  
Sirup,  barls  
Hides,  pieces  
Liquors,  brls  
Oilcakes,  Ibs  
Oil,  brls  

18,178 
15,519 
17,113 
9,162 
6,478 
10,347 
210,086 
4,432 
9,647 

Flax-seed,  bu  ...   
Br'm-co  n,  b'les  
Fork,  brls  
Beet',  '  rls    
Oatmeal  brls  
Corn-meal,  brls  
Lard,  pkgs  
L:rd,  tes  
Glucose,  brls  
Malt,  sacks     

6821 
56,076 
4.672 
14,319 
12,7  9 
18,S94 
69,850 
4.i.9"0 
39,214 

Millstuffs,  sacks  
Cur'd  rats.,  pkgs  
Tallow,  brls  
Nails,  kegs  
Iron,  tons  
Lead,  piss  
Wool,  sacks  
Fertilizer,  brls  
Spelter,  plates  

342,232 
4,443 
21,727 
27,172 
4,0i  7 
559,394 
56,227 
1,150 
97.027 

Value  of  Exports  By  Zofe.— There  were  893,676  packages  of  canned 
meats  exported  by  lake  aggregating  54,877,719  pounds;  127  446  packages  of 
salted  meats  aggregating  $21,224.440,  and  16,075  bales  of  binder-twine  al- 
to-ether 1,128^68  pounds.  Of  the  articles  entitled  to  drawback  were8,735,992 
pounds  of  tin,  the  drawback  on  which  was  $899.30;  4,808,473  pounds  ot  salt, 
with  a  drawback  of  $4.020,  and  1,128,468  pounds  of  hemp,  with  a  draw- 
back of  $7,693.  The  total  values  of  imported  articles  entered  m  the  port  o. 
Chicago  was  $15,105,775. 

Arrivals  and  Clearances  of  Vessels.—  Following  is  a  table  showing  the 
arrivals  and  clearances  of  vessels,  with  tonnage,  at  Chicago  harbor,  for  \i 
to  1890,  inclusive: 


YEAR. 

ARRIVALS. 

CLEARANCES. 

TOTAL. 

No. 

Tonnage. 

No. 

Tonnage. 

No. 

Tonnage. 

1883         

11,203 
10,513 
9,846 
10.180 
10,828 
10,158 
9,552 
10,224 

3,555,586 
3,481,907 
3,347,647 
3,546,309 
3,868,405 
3,990,021 
4,417,415 
5,524,852 

11,271 
10,640 
9,910 
10,267 
10,920 
10,308 
9,462 
10,294 

3J43,574 

3,489,666 
3,364,169 
3,594,549 
3,989,615 
4,134,064 
4,403,634 

22,474 
21,153 
19,756 
20,447 
21,748 
20,466 
19,014 

7,299,160 
6,971,623 
6,711,816 
7,140,858 
7,858,000 
8,124,985 
8,821.049 

1884        

1885      

1886             

1887      

1888           

1889        

GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 


Vessels  owned  in  Chicago. — The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  and 
character  of  vessels  owned  in  Chicago: 


CLASS. 

NUMBER. 

TONNAGE. 

CLASS. 

NUMBER. 

TONNAGE. 

Propellers  

6'2 

7« 

4 
34 
35 

19,861.97 
1,543.94 
600.50 
173.15 
1,874.05 

Schooners  

168 
8 

7 

40.940.15 
71.45 
213.34 

Tugs,  

Sloops  ,  

Side  wheel  steamers 

Sailing  yachts.  

Steam  canal  boats.  .  . 

Total    

384 

65,380.46 

MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT. 

City  Clerk's  Office— Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  follows: 
Deputy  clerk,  $3,000;  chief  clerk,  $2,400;  minor  clerks  from  $1,000  to  $1,300. 

City  Collector's  Office — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  fol- 
lows: Chief  clerk,  $2,000;  cashier,  $1,800;  book-keeper,  $1,400;  clerk,  $1,400; 
five  clerks,  $1,500  each;  five  clerks,  $1,000  each;  messenger,  $800. 

City  Hall  Employes— Salaries.— Janitor,  $1,400;  2  carpenters,  $3  per  day; 
4 finishers,  $720  each;  10  elevator  attendants,  $720  each;  10  janitors,  $720 
each;  11  female  janitors,  $480  each;  chief  engineer,  $1,500;  3  assistant  engi- 
neers, $1,000  each;  6  firemen,  $720  each;  3  coal  passers,  $660  each;  3  oilers, 
$720  each. 

Comptroller's  Office — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  fol- 
lows: Chief  clerk,  $3,000;  general  book-keeper,  $2,400;  assistant  book- 
keeper, $1.800;  cashier,  $1,800;  assistant  cashier,  $1,500;  warrant  clerk, 
$1,600;  minor  clerks,  $1,000  to  $1,200. 

Engineering  Department — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as 
follows:  Assistant  engineer,  $2,500;  second  assistant  engineer,  $2,000;  one 
assistant  engineer,  $2,000;  two  assistant  engineers,  $1,800  each;  rodman, 
$900;  draughtsman,  $1,200;  chief  clerk,  $1,800;  messenger,  $600. 

Feed  Officers. — City  sealer  of  weights  and  measures,  oil  inspector, 
inspector  of  steam  boilers,  building  inspector,  elevator  inspector,  and  some 
other  minor  officers  of  the  city  government  are  paid  in  fees,  or  a  percentage  of 
fees  collected  in  their  respective  offices.  Of  these  the  oil  inspectorship  is 
the  most  lucrative,  being  worth  about  $20,000  per  annum. 

Fire  Department — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  follows: 
First  assistant  fire  marshal  and  inspector,  $3,500;  second  assistant  fire  mar- 
shal, $3,000;  assistant  fire  marshal  and  secretary,  $3,200;  fire  inspector, 
$2,500;  13  chiefs  of  battalions,  $2,500  each;  bookkeeper,  $1,800;  2  clerks, 
$1,800  each;  clerk  and  storekeeper,  $1,400;  superintendent  of  horses,  includ- 
ing medicines,  $2,200;  19  captains,  $1,360.80  each;  42  captains,  $1,260  each; 
14 captains,  $1,200  each;  19  lieutentants,  $1,155  each;  25  lieutenants,  $1,000 
each;  17  engineers,  $1,360.80  each;  30  engineers,  $1,260  each;  12  engineers, 
$1,200  each;  13  assistant  engineers,  $1,134  each^  30  assistant  engineers, 
$1,050  each;  12  assistant  engineers  $1,000  each;  115  pipemen  and  truckmen, 
$1,134  each;  131  pipemen  and  truckmen,  $1,050  each;  69  pipemen  and  truck- 
men, $945  each;  40  pipemen  and  truckmen,  $840  each;  37  drivers,  $1,134  each; 
81  drivers,  $1,050  each;  39  drivers,  $945  each;  4  pilots,  $1.260  each;  2 
stokers,  $1,050  rst  $'945  each;  9  watchmen,  $798.80  each; 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS.     '  65 

superintendent  city  telegraph,  $3, 675;  chief  operator,  $2,362.50;  3  assistant 
operators,  $1,260  each;  chief  of  construction,  $1,800;  battery  man,  $945; 
five  repairers,  $1,102.50  each;  chief  of  electric  repair  shop,  $1,575;  3  linemen, 
$945  each;  machinist,  $1,050;  2  assistant  machinists,  $756  each;  clerk  and 
stenographer,  $1,260;  2  electric  light  inspectors,  paid  in  fees  collected, 
1  manager,  $1,700;  3  operators,  $1,200  each;  3  repairers,  $1,000  each; 
1  lineman,  $945;  1  instrument  man,  $900;  1  battery  man,  $900.  Total  for 
salaries  of  Fire  Department,  including  Chief  Marshal,  $974,348.00. 

Health  Department — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  follows: 
Assistant  commissioner,  $2,500  ;  department  clerk,  $1,500  ;  secretary,  $1,500; 
registrar  of  vital  statistics,  $1,200;  thirty-four  sanitary  police,  $1,000  each; 
eight  medical  inspectors,  $900  each;  chief  tenement  house  and  factory  in- 
spector, $2,000;  nine  meat  and  stock  yards  inspectors,  $1.200  each;  assistant 
tenement  house  and  factory  inspector,  $1,500;  clerk  to  tenement  house  and 
factory  inspector,  $1,000;  thirty-four  tenement  house  and  factory  inspectors, 
$1,000  each;  five  female  factory  inspectors,  $1,000  each;  city  physician, 
$2,500;  assistant,  $1,500. 

Law  Department — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are:  Assistant 
corporation  counsel,  $5,000;  assistant  corporation  counsel,  $3,000;  assistant 
city  attorney,  $4,000;  chief  clerk,  $2,000;  3  minor  clerks,  $1,500  each;  2  minor 
clerks,  $1,200  each;  clerk  to  city  attorney.  $1,500. 

Map  Department — Salaries. — Superintendent,  $1,800;  8  draughtsmen, 
$1,200  each;  2  draughtsmen,  $1,000  each;  house  numbering  clerk,  $900. 

Police  Court— Salaries. — There  are  eight  police  court  districts  in  the  city  of 
Chicago,  in  which  ten  police  court  justices  administer  the  municipal  law.  These 
are  appointed  by  the  mayor.  The  salaries  are  as  follows:  two  police  justices, 
1st  district,  $5,000  each  ;  two  police  justices,  3d  district,  $5.000  each  ;  one 
police  justice,  2d  district,  $5,000;  one  police  justice,  4th  district,  $2,500; 
one  police  justice,  5th  district,  $2,500 ;  one  police  justice.  Englewood  dis- 
trict, $1,800;  one  police  justice,  Lake  View  district,  $1,200.  The  "clerks 
of  the  1st  district  court  receive  $1,500  'and  $1,200;  all  other  clerks 
$1,200  each,  except  the  assistant  of  the  1st  district,  whose  salary  is  $1,000, 
and  those  of  Englewood  and  Lake  View,  who  receive  $900  and  $600,  respect- 
ively. 

Police  Department  Salaries. — The  salaries  of  the  officers  and  subordinates 
in  the  Police  department  are  as  follows:  General  superintendent,  $5,000; 
assistant  superintendent,  $3,000;  chief  inspector,  $2,800;  4  division  inspec- 
tors, $2,800  each;  1  secretary,  $2,250;  1  private  secretary,  $1,500;  2  clerks, 
secretary's  office,  $1,200  each;  1  drillmaster,  $2,000;  1  stenographer, 
$1,200;  1  assistant  stenographer,  $600;  1  custodian,  $1,323;  1  clerk  detect- 
ives office,  $1,500;  2  assistant  clerks,  detective's  office,  $1,200  each; 

1  night  clerk,    $900;    16   captains    at    $2,250   each;  52  lieutenants    $1,500 
each;  1   sergeant,   detective's    office,    $1,600;    1  assistant  clerk,    $1,200;  56 
patrol  sergeants,  $1,200  each;  86  desk  sergeants  at  $1,200  each;  25  matrons  at 
$630  each;  2  photographers,  $1,200  each;  50  detective  sergeants,  $1,212.75 
each;   10  police  court  bailiffs,  $1,000  each;   6  pound  keepers,  $771.75  each;  2 
patrolmen  at  mayor's  office,  $1,000  each;   1  patrolman  at  comptroller's  office, 
$500;  25  lockup  keepers,  $1,000  each;  2inspectors  of  pawnshops,  $1,200 each; 
4  inspectors  of  pawnshops,  $1,000  each;  2  inspectors  of  vehicles,  $1,200,  each; 

2  assistant  inspectors  of  vehicles,   $1,000  each;  250  patrolmen  on  duty   at 


66  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

bridges,  street  crossings,  depots,  etc.,  $1,000  each;  140  patrolmen,  first-class, 
for  duty  on  patrol  wagons,  $1,000  each;  1,750  patrolmen,  first-class,  for  regu- 
lar duty,  $1,000  each;  200  patrolmen  (second  class),  for  patrol  duty,  nire 
months  at  $60  per  month;  6  engineers  for  police  stations,  $1,000  each;  6 
assistant  engineers  for  police  stations  (eight  months)  $551.25  each;  20  janitors 
at  $530  each;  1  veterinary  surgeon,  $1,500;  1  assistant  veterinary,  $1,000;  15 
hostlers,  $630  each;  3  watchmen,  $750 each;  6  drivers  of  supply  wagons, 
$720  each;  70  drivers  of  patrol  wagons,  $720  each;  1  chief  operator,  police 
telegraph  service,  $1,3'IO;  1  assistant  operator,  $1,000;  85  operators,  police 
telegraph  service,  at  $720  each;  4  drivers  for  ambulances,  $720  each.  Total 
for  salaries  of  police  department  for  the  year  1891,  $2,485,242. 

Public  Works  Department — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as 
follows:  Secretary,  $2,400;  assistant  secretary,  $1,500;  book-keeper,  $2,400; 
assistant  book-keeper,  $2,000;  clerk,  $l,200;mino»  clerks  from  $600to  $1,000. 

Sewerage  Department — Salaries. — Superintendent,  $3,500;  6  assistant 
engineers,  $1,800  each;  6  rodmen,  $900  each;  chief  clerk,  $1,200;  chief  clerk 
of  house  drains,  $1,800;  permit  clerk,  $900;  chief  inspector  house  drains, 
$1,200;  draughtsman,  $1,200;  draughtsman,  $1,000. 

Special  Assessment  Department — Salaries.  — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are 
as  follows:  Attorney,  $2,700;  assistant  attorney,  $1,800;  chief  clerk,  $2,100; 
clerk,  $1,800;  clerk,  $1,680;  two  clerks,  $1,500  each;  four  clerks,  $1,400 
each;  sixteen  clerks,  $1,200  each;  clerk,  $1,000;  three  clerks,  $900  each. 

Street  Department — Salaries. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  follows: 
Assistant  superintendent,  $2,000;chief  clerk,  $1,500;  bill  clerk,  $1,200;  permit 
clerk,  $900;  assistant  permit  clerk,  $720;  general  clerk,  $900;  messenger,  $720; 
chief  sidewalk  inspector,  $1,500;  superintendent  of  house  moving,  $1,800 
(paid  from  fees). 

Telephone  Department — Salaries. — Chief  operator,  $1,300;  assistant  chief 
operator,  $900;  71  operators,  $720  each;  7  repairers,  $1,000  each;  2  battery 
men,  $900  each;  2  hostlers,  $620  each;  driver,  $720;  operator  bridge  tele- 
phone office,  $720;  12  operators  bridge  telephone  system,  nine  months, 
$472. 50  each. 

The  Mayor  and  Council — Salaries. — The  government  of  the  city  of  Chicago 
is  vested  in  a  mayor,  elected  for  two  years,  salary  $7,000,  and  a  city  council, 
composed  of  sixty-eight  aldermen,  01  two  from  each  of  the  thirty-four  wards, 
who  receive  a  per  diem  for  actual  services,  the  total  of  which  amounted  this 
year  to  about  $15,000.  One  alderman  is  elected  from  each  ward  on  alternate 
years.  The  mayor  is  assisted  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  by  heads  of 
departments  and  bureaus,  as  follows:  Comptroller,  $5,000;  treasurer,  includ- 
ingassistauts,  $25,000,  and  interest  on  city  deposits,  his  right  to  the  latter  being 
now  in  dispute;  city  clerk,  $3,500;  commissioner  of  public  works,  $5,000; 
city  engineer,  $3,500;  counsel  of  corporation,  $6,000;  city  attorney,  $5,000; 
prosecuting  attorney,  $4,000;  general  superintendent  of  police,  $5,000;  chief 
marshal  of  fire  department,  $5,000;  superintendent  of  fire  alarm  telegraph, 
$3, 675;  commissioner  of  health,  $4,000;  city  collector,  $4,000;  superintend- 
ent of  special  assessment,  $3,500;  superintendent  of  street  department,  $3,500; 
mayor's  secretary,  $2,500;  mayor's  assistant  secretary,  $1,500;  mayor's 
messenger,  $2,000. 


CHICAGO   AS   IT  IS.  67 

PARK  SYSTEM. 

The  Park  System  of  Chicago  was  designed  and  is  conducted  upon 
an  elaborate  scale.  In  its  entirety  the  area  covered  by  the  different 
parks  and  public  squares  within  the  city  limits  embraces  1,974.61 
acres.  This  is  exclusive  of  the  ground  covered  by  park  boulevards.  The 
Park  System  proper  is  divided  into  three  divisions,  each  division  being  under 
the  control  of  Park  Commissioners,  elected  by  the  Courts.  Thus  we  have 
three  boards  :  The  South  Park  Commissioners,  the  West  Park  Commis- 
sioners and  the  North  Park  Commissioners.  The  parks  under  the  supervi- 
sion of  these  commissioners  are  maintained  by  direct  tax  upon  the  respective 
divisions  of  the  city.  Under  control  of  the  city  government  are  a  number  of 
small  parks,  squares  and  "  places,"  which  are  maintained  at  the  expense  of 
the  city  treasury.  [See  "Area  of  Parks  and  Public  Squares."]  The  parks  of 
Chicago  form,  with  the  boulevards  as  their  connecting  links"  [See  Map],  a 
chain  around  the  city,  both  ends  of  which  are  anchored  in  Lake  Michigan. 
Only  a  very  few  years  ago  complaint  to  the  effect  that  the  great  parks  of  the  city 
were  too  fa"r  removed  from  the  people,  and  practically  inaccessible  to  the  very 
class  whom  they  were  intended  to  serve,  was  general.  Now,  however,  they 
are  becoming  the  nuclei  around  which  populous  districts  are  growing.  In  a 
few  years,  instead  of  being  on  the  outskirts  of  the  city,  they  will  be  breathing 
places  in  its  interior.  For  the  visitor,  all  the  parks  are  within  convenient 
reach.  Cable  lines  or  street  cars  will  carry  you  to  any  of  them  at  the  uni- 
form rate  of  five  cents.  Trains  on  the  Illinois  Central  will  take  you  to  Jack- 
son Park  (South  Park  Station)  and  return  for  twenty-five  cents.  The  great 
parks  are  grouped  as  follows  : 

SOUTH  SIDE. — Jackson  Park — take  Illinois  Central  train  foot  Randolph, 
Van  Buren,  Sixteenth,  Twenty-second,  Twenty-seventh  or  Thirty -first  streets, 
or  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line.  Washington  Park — take  State  street  or 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line,  the  former  for  Grand  boulevard,  the  latter 
for  Drexel  boulevard  entrance.  Park  phaetons  convey  visitors  around  Wash- 
ington and  Jackson  parks,  touching  or  stopping  at  all  points  of  interest,  for 
25  cents  per  adult  passenger  ;  15  cents  for  children. 

WEST  SIDE. — Douglas  Park — take  West  Twelfth  street  or  Ogden  avenue 
cars.  Garfield  Park — take  West  Madison  street  cable  or  West  Lake  street 
cars.  Humboldt  Park— take  Milwaukee  avenue  cable  line,  or  West  North 
avenue  cars.  s 

NORTH  SIDE.— Lincoln  Park — takeN.  Clark  or  Wells  street  cable  line- 
to  main  entrance;  take  North  State  street  cars  to  Lake  Shore  Drive  en 
trance. 

Persons  desiring  to  take  other  conveyances  can  make  their  selection  from 
the  hackney  cabs,  hansoms,  coupes,  etc.,  found  at  downtown  stands.  [See 
hack  and  cab  rates.]  Carriage  arrangements  may  be  made  by  telephone 


•?0  &UIDE  TO  CHICAGO* 

are  known  collectively  and  familiarly  as  "The  South  Parks."  The  cost  to 
the  city  of  the  ground  which  they  cover  was  $3,208,000.  They  are  as  yet  in 
their  infancy,  but  even  now  they  rank  among  the  finest  parks  in  the  world. 

Ashland  Boulevard. — From  West  Lake  street  to  West  Twelfth  street,  or, 
rather,  from  Union  Park  south  to  the  boulevard  extension  of  West  Twelfth 
street,  which  makes  the  connection  with  Douglas  Park.  The  finest  residence 
street  of  the  West  Division.  Elegant  mansions  rise  on  either  side,  from  Mon- 
roe street  south.  There  are  also  some  handsome  church  edifices  on  the  boule- 
vard, among  them  the  Union  Park  Congregational,  opposite  Union  Park;  the 
Third  Presbyterian,  between  Madisonand  Monroe;  the  Fourth  Baptist,  nearthe 
intersectionof  Ashland  and  Ogden  avenues,  and  Epiphany  Episcopalian,  atthe 
southeast  corner  of  Adams  street.  The  boulevard  is  a  fashionable  drive.  It 
is  paved  with  asphaltum,  and  is  the  most  perfect  roadway  in  the  city.  This 
boulevard  connects  Washington  with  Twelfth,  thus  completing  a  circular 
drive  which  includes  Douglas,  Garfield  and  Union  Parks. 

Central  Boulevard. — Connects  Garfield  with  Humboldt  Park;  one  and  a 
half  miles  in  length;  average  width,  250  feet.  Leaves  Garfield  Park  at  West 
Kinzie  street,  runs  north  to  Central  Park  avenue,  east  along  Indiana  street  to 
Sacramento  Square,  north  to  Augusta  street  and  Hurnboldt  Park.  This,  like 
other  West  Side  boulevards,  has  been  neglected  up  to  the  present  time,  but 
improvements  are  now  contemplated  or  under  way  which  will  make  it  a 
magnificent  avenue.  Even  as  it  is  at  present,  it  is  a  pleasant  drive  between 
the  two  parks. 

Douglas  Boulevard. — Running  from  the  west  side  of  Douglas  Park,  at 
Albany  avenue,  west  seven-eighths  of  a  mile,  then  north  seven  eighths  of  a 
mile,  to  Garfield  Park.  The  roadway  is  kept  in  good  repair  and  the  drive  is 
a  beautiful  one;  but  up  to  the  present  time,  like  the  other  West  park  boule- 
vards, it  has  not  received  proper  attention.  The  work  of  improvement,  how- 
ever, will  now  go  on  rapidly,  and  it  is  expected  to  be  one  of  the  finest  of  the 
boulevards  before  1893.  It  is  a  very  popular  drive,  for  the  circuit  from  Union 
Park  to  Garfield,  then  via  Douglas  boulevard  to  Douglas,  and  thence  back  by 
Ogden  and  West  Twelfth  street  boulevards  to  Ashland  boulevard  and  point 
of  departure,  completes  a  perfect  summer  evening's  ride. 

Douglas  Park. — Area,  179.79  acres;  situated  four  miles  southwest  of  the 
Court-house;  bounded  on  the  north  by  West  Twelfth  street,  on  the  south  by 
West  Nineteenth  street,  on  the  east  by  California  avenue  and  on  the  west  by 
Albany  avenue.  The  district  in  the  vicinity  of  this  park  was  almost  entirely 
destitute  of  residences  ten  years  ago.  Within  a  decade  it  has  been  built  up, 
however,  until  those  who  have  not  visited  the  section  for  four  or  five  years, 
or  even  two  years,  would  hardly  recognize  it  as  the  same.  The  popularity 
of  the  park,  which  has  always  been  a  beautiful  piece  of  ground,  has  increased 
with  the  growth  of  the  neighborhood  and  the  improvement  of  the  streets  and 
drives  in  the  vicinity.  Douglas  Park  is  beautifully  laid  out,  well  wooded  and 
admirably  situated.  It  has  been  cared  for  nicely  of  late  years,  and  its  lawns 
and  flower  beds  bear  evidence  of  skillful  and  faithful  attention.  Some  of  the 
avenues  through  this  park  are  not  surpassed  by  any  in  the  city.  The  lake 
covers  an  area  of  seventeen  acres.  There  is  a  handsome  boat-house  and 
refectory  here.  Douglas  Park  also  has  a  medicinal  artesian  well  with  prop- 
erties similar  to  those  at  Garfield  and  Humboldt  Parks.  The  conservatories 
and  propagating  houses  are  among  the  largest  of  the  system.  [See  Con- 
servatories.] Vast  improvements  are  promised  for  Douglas  Park  within  the 
next  two  years. 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS.  71 

Drexel  Boulevard. — The  eastern  entrance  to  Washington  Park  commences 
at  Oakwood  boulevard  and  the  junction  of  Cottage  Grove  avenue  and  Thirty- 
ninth  street.  It  is  a  double  driveway,  200  feet  wide  for  its  entire  length, 
running  south  to  Drexel  avenue  and  southwest  from  that  point  to  the  park. 
Through  the  center  is  a  wide  strip  of  sward,  covered  here  and  there  with  beau- 
tiful shrubs,  rose  bushes  and  mounds.  Upon  the  latter,  which  are  interspersed 
with  flower-beds  of  beautiful  design,  appear,  during  the  summer  season, 
unique  figures  wrought  from  flowers  and  foliage,  and  which  attract  thousands 
of  sightseers  annually.  At  the  intersection  of  Drexel  avenue  is  a  magni- 
ficeut  bronze  fountain,  presented  by  the  Messrs.  Drexel  of  Philadelphia,  in 
memory  of  their  father,  after  whom  the  boulevard  was  named.  On  either  side 
of  the  drivewaysare  to  be  seen  some  of  the  handsomest  mansionsand  prettiest 
villas  of  Chicago.  At  the  head  of  the  boulevard,  a  few  steps  from  the 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line,  is  the  "Cottage"  from  which  phaetons  start, 
at  intervals  through  the  day,  for  a  circuit  of  the  South  Parks. 

Gage  Park. — Area,  20  acres;  situated  at  the  junction  of  Western  avenue 
and  Garfleld  boulevard.  It  is  laid  out  with  trees,  and  will  become  a  popular 
halting  or  half-way  station,  when  the  boulevards  which  enter  it  are  com- 
pleted. 

Garfield  Boulevard. — The  first  link  in  the  chain  which  is  intended  to  con- 
nect the  South  Park  with  the  West  Park  system;  200  feet  wide;  extends 
along  Fifty-fifth  street  from  Washington  Park  to  Gage  Park,  a  distance  of 
about  four  miles,  in  a  direct  westerly  course.  This  boulevard  is  in  good 
condition  for  driving,  and  soon  will  be  completed.  The  plan  is  for  a  cen- 
tral driveway,  bordered  by  grass  and  rows  of  trees  outside  of  which  there  is 
to  be  on  one  side  a  roadway  for  equestrians,  aud  on  the  other  a  carriageway, 
the  whole  to  be  lined  with  elm  trees. 

Garfield  Park. — Area  185. 87  acres,  situated  four  miles  directly  west  of  the 
Court-house;  bounded  by  Madison  street  on  the  south,  Lake -street  on  the 
north,  and  running  a  mile  and  a  half  west  from  the  head  of  Washington 
boulevard.  This  was  formerly  known  as  Central  Park.  The  name  was 
changed  in  memory  of  President  Garfield.  The  lake  in  the  center  of  the 
park  covers  an  area  of  17  acres.  The  park  is  extremely  picturesque,  the  drives 
and  promenades  being  laid  out  in  the  most  enchanting  manner.  The  boat- 
house  is  one  of  the  finest  to  be  seen  in  the  park  system.  There  is  a  hand- 
some fountain  here,  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Maricel  Talcott,  and  an  artesian  well 
which  furnishes  half  the  city  with  medicinal  mineral  water.  It  is  2,200  feet 
deep,  and  discharges  at  the  rate  of  150  gallons  per  minute.  The  water  is 
recommended  for  anaemia,  diseases  of  the  stomach  and  kidneys,  and  rheu- 
matic disorders.  Garfield  Park  is  beautiful  as  it  is,  but  just  at  present  it  is 
receiving  the  attention  of  West  Side  citizens,  who  contemplate  making  many 
improvements.  Opposite  the  west  end  of  the  park  on  Madison  street  is  the  West 
Side  Driving  Park;  west  of  the  park  near  the  Lake  street  side  are  the  exten- 
sive shops  of  the  West  Division  Railway  Company.  Just  beyond  the  park  on 
Madison  street  is  the  Fortieth  street  power-house  of  this  company,  and  the 
terminus  of  the  Madison  street  line.  Connecting  with  the  cable  cars  an  elec- 
tric railway  line  is  now  in  operation,  which  carries  passengers  through  the 
town  of  Cicero,  out  by  Austin,  Oak  Park,  the  Grant  locomotive  works  and 
other  attractive  points. 

Grand  Boulevard. — The  western  entrance  to  Washington  park;  198  feet 
in  width;  beginning  at  Thirty-fifth  street  and  entering  the  park  at  its  north- 


72  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

western  angle.  Is  bordered  by  a  double  colonade  of  elms  and  strips  of 
sward.  The  road-bed  is  perfect  for  driving.  On  the  western  side  a  strip  is 
reserved  for  equestrians.  Toward  the  southern  end  another  strip  is  reserved 
for  speeding  fast  horses.  It  is  one  of  the  most  fashionable  drives  in  the  city. 
Following  up  the  avenue  connecting  with  Grand  boulevard  you  are  carried 
past  the  "Retreat "and  on  to  the  Washington  Park  Race-track.  By  keep- 
ing on  the  same  course  you  may  return  by  the  flower-beds  and  back  via 
Drexel  boulevard. 

Humboldt  Boulevard. — This  boulevard  is  not  completed  nor  in  such  con- 
dition  as  to  be  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  visitor.  It  is  intended  to  con- 
nect Lincoln  and  Humboldt  parks.  At  present  the  drive  between  the  two 
most  used  is  along  North  avenue;  a  good  street,  which  touches  at  the  south- 
ern extremity  of  Lincoln  and  at  the  northern  extremity  of  Humboldt. 
While  on  this  subject  if  might  be  well  enough  to  say  that  the  entire  system 
of  western  park  boulevards  are  at  this  time  receiving  the  serious  attention  of 
the  public.  It  is  thought  that  all  will  be  much  improved  before  1893.  [See 
West  Park  Improvement.]  Humboldt  boulevard  as  designed  will  be  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  the  system.  Wrightwood  avenue  will  probably  be 
taken  to  fill  the  gap  between  Lincoln  park  and  the  north  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago river.  As  shown  in  the  commissioner's  plans,  Humboldt  boulevard 
runs  west  a  mile  and  a  quarter  to  Logan  square,  then  south  one-half  mile  to 
Palmer  place,  which  extending  north  two  blocks  opens  into  a  third  division 
running  south  three-quarters  of  a  mile  into  Humboldt  park  at  North  avenue. 
The  boulevard  proper  will  be  250  feet  wide;  Logan  square  400  by  800  feet; 
Palmer  place  4,000  by  1,750;  total  length  of  drive,  three  miles. 

Humboldt  Park. — Area,  200. 62  acres  ;  situated  fo'ir  miles  northwest  from 
the  Court  House  ;  bounded  on  the  north  by  West  North  avenue  ;  on  the 
south  by  Augusta  street ;  on  the  east  by  North  California  avenue,  and  on 
the  west  by  North  Kedzie  avenue.  This  is  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  West 
Side  parks.  It  is  laid  out  beautifully,  has  a  charming  lake,  splendid  avenues; 
is  clothed  in  superb  foliage,  and  in  the  summer  season  makes  a  magnificent 
display  of  flowers.  Its  conservatory  is  conducted  admirably.  There  is  a 
mineral  artesian  well  here,  1,155  feet  in  depth.  This  park  is  the  popular 
resort  of  the  northwestern  part  of  the  city,  and  forms  one  of  the  group  of 
three  in  the  West  Division.  Immense  improvements  are  contemplated,  both 
as  regards  the  park  proper  and  its  boulevard  connections. 

Jackson  Park. — Area,  586 acres  ;  about  eight  miles  from  the  Court  House; 
bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east ;  Stony  Island  avenue  on  the  west ; 
Fifty-sixth  street  on  the  north  ;  and  Sixty-seventh  street  on  the  south.  This 
beautiful  park  has  been  brought  into  great  prominence  of  late  by  reason  of 
its  selection  as  the  site  for  a  portion  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  About 
one-third  of  the  park  had  been  improved  up  to  the  present  year,  although 
immense  works  have  been  in  progress  for  some  time  in  preparing  the  unim- 
proved portion  for  the  public.  These  works  included  excavating  and  dredg- 
ing for  the  chain  of  lakes  which  are  to  have  connection  with  Lake  Michigan  ; 
bridge  and  breakwater  construction ;  leveling  and  embanking,  and  land- 
scape gardening  on  an  extensive  scale.  The  improved  portion  of  the  park  is 
at  the  northern  end.  Here  there  is  a  broad  stretch  of  sward  which  has  been 
used  frequently  as  a  parade  ground  by  the  militia,  and  by  large  picnic  parties. 
This  is  surrounded  or  hemmed  in  by  a  wooded  avenue  of  great  beauty,  which 
opens  upon  a  sea-wall  and  a  beautiful  view  of  Lake  Michigan.  There  is 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

GEO.  B.  CARPENTER  &  CO .-  FIFTH  AVE.  AND  SOUTH  WATER  ST. 
(See  "Guide."] 


CHICAGO  AS   IT  IS.  73 

erected  here  an  immense  shelter,  of  great  architectural  beauty,  where  thou- 
sands may,  on  occasion,  be  protected  either  from  the  heat  of  the  sun  or  from 
a  sudden  rainfall.  The  trees  and  shrubbery  in  the  improved  part  of  the 
park,  as  well  as  the  flowers,  are  very  attractive,  although  the  variety  which 
one  finds  in  some  of  the  other  parks  is  lacking.  The  number  of  trees  and 
shrubs  in  the  unimproved  portion  is  comparatively  small.  About  Sixty-first 
street  there  is  one  clump  of  oaks  and  maple,  shot  here  and  therewith  buncheg 
of  fiery  sumac.  There  is  another  and  a  larger  grove  west  and  north  of  this. 
Beyond  there,  except  for  a  few  small  bunches  and  a  fringe  along  the  west 
fence,  the  unimproved  portion  is  unbroken  by  wood.  Jackson  park  will 
have  undergone  such  alterations  before  the  close  of  the  present  year  that  time 
spent  in  describing  it  as  it  is  to-day  would  be  time  wasted.  The  opportunity 
of  making  it  the  grandest  park  of  the  system  presents  itself,  and  it  will 
undoubtedly  be  taken  advantage  of.  [See  "World's  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion."] 

Jackson  Boulevard. — West  Jackson  street  from  Halsted  street  to  Gar- 
field  Park  has  finally  been  declared  a  boulevard  by  the  Supreme  Court.  The 
Park  Commissioners  will  have  the  boulevard  fully  improved  before  the  close 
of  1891. 

Lake  Shore  Drive. — This  is  the  grandest  boulevard  drive  in  Chicago. 
Beginning  at  the  North  Side  Water- Works  on  Pine  street  it  skirts  the  lake  to 
the  northern  extremities  of  Lincoln  Park,  where  it  connects  with  Sheridan 
Road,  which  is  nearly  completed  for  25  miles  along  the  north  shore.  Before 
reaching  the  park  some  of  the  most  magnificent  mansions  in  the  city  are 
passed  ou  the  left.  On  the  right  is  a  fringe  of  sward,  dotted  with  flower-beds 
and  covered  with  beautiful  foliage  in  the  summer  months.  The  lake  beats 
against  an  embankment  to  the  right,  and  frequently  the  spray  is  dashed  across 
the  flower-beds  when  the  sea  is  high.  Reaching  the  park  you  pass  through 
beautiful  avenues  until  you  strike  the  Drive  again.  Here  vast  improvements 
are  being  made.  Some  years  ago  the  State  legislature  gave  the  Lincoln 
Park  Commissioners  the  right  to  issue  bonds  for  $300,000  with  which 
to  defend  the  shore  line  against  the  encroachments  of  storm-tossed 
Lake  Michigan.  With  that  sum  as  a  nucleus  the  commissioners  designed 
and  began  work  on  a  system  of  improvements  which,  when  completed, 
will  have  cost  a  sum  many  times  that  raised  from  the  original  issue  of 
bonds.  Enough  has  now  been  finished  to  give  a  general  idea  of  the  work  as 
it  will  appear  when  a  continuous  3ea-wall  will  extend  from  Ohio  street  to 
almost  the  extreme  northern  limit  of  the  city.  The  work  was  commenced 
in  the  Spring  of  1888  at  the  foot  of  North  avenue.  Several  hundred  feet 
out  in  the  lake  a  line  of  piles  was  driven.  Powerful  dredging-machines  were 
placed  in  position  and  slowly  but  surely  acre  after  acre  was  reclaimed  from 
the  lake.  It  is  at  this  point  that  the  Lake  Shore  Drive  joins  the  boulevard 
now  in  course  of  construction.  It  will  be  finished  this  year.  The 
breakwater  proper  rests  on  piles  driven  thirty-five  feet  into  the  sand.  On  this 
foundation  granite  blocks  are  Kid  and  securely  cemented.  Back  of  this  starts 
the  paved  beach,  forty  feet  in  width,  slanting  at  an  angle  of  about  twenty 
degrees  until  it  meets  the  granilethtc  promenade.  This  promenade  is  the 
most  attractive  feature  of  the  improvement  and  is  destined  to  become  famous. 
Imagine  a  twenty-foot  promenade,  smooth  as  glass,  three  miles  in  length, 
with  Lake  Michigan  vainly  striving  to  scale  the  paved  beach  to  the  east  of  it, 
and  a  grand  boulevard  lined  with  carriages  to  the  west  of  it ;  a  promenade 
commanding  on  one  side  a  magnificent  view  of  the  lake,  and  on  the  other  a 


74  GUIDE  TO    CHICAGO. 

prospective  of  Lincoln  Park  with  all  its  natural  and  acquired  beauties.  There 
is  nothing  rigid  in  the  lines  of  the  promenade  or  boulevard.  Without 
detracting  from  the  attractiveness  of  the  sweeping  crescent  described  by  the 
sea-wall  at  Jackson  Park,  it  must  be  said  that  the  sinuous  curves  marking  the 
contour  of  the  Lincoln  Park  beach,  promenade,  boulevard  and  canal,  are  more 
artistic  and  pleasing.  The  old  shore-line  has  been  followed  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible. It  is  hard  to  improve  on  nature.  With  the  shifting  sands  as  the  only 
obstacle  to  check  their  course,  the  waves  have  drawn  along  the  beach  curves 
such  as  would  delight  a  follower  of  Hogarth.  When  they  planned  the  out- 
lines of  the  drive-way  the  commissioners  wisely  decided  to  follow  nature. 
They  have  made  no  mistake.  The  objective  point  is  Diversey  avenue,  the 
northern  limit  of  the  park.  Here  the  regatta  course  will  end,  but  the  sea- 
wall and  boulevard  will  be  continued  by  the  people  of  Lake  View,  who  pro- 
pose to  make  the  Sheridan  Road  and  the  Lake  Shore  Drive  continuous.  The 
sea-wall  will  be  extended  to  Byron  avenue,  opposite  Graceland  cemetery. 
It  is  thought  that  the  park  commissioners  will  be  able  to  complete  their 
part  of  the  work  by  the  commencement  of  next  winter.  They  will  then  have 
added  100  acres  to  the  area  of  the  park,  and  have  given  to  Chicago  a  boule- 
vard and  regatta  course  unequaled  in  the  world.  Between  the  new  boulevard 
and  the  park  there  will  be  three  connecting  points.  There  will  be  land  con- 
nection at  the  north  and  south  ends  of  the  park  and  a  bridge  at  a  point  oppo- 
site Webster  avenue.  The  canal  will  connect  with  the  lake  at  two  points,  one 
opposite  Wisconsin  street  and  the  other  at  Fulton  avenue.  The  boulevard 
will  cross  these  connections  on  steel  swinging  bridges  of  a  special  construction. 
It  will  be  several  years  before  the  dreams  of  the  designer  will  be  fully  realized. 
Rows  of  shade  trees  will  be  planted  to  the  east  of  the  boulevard,  and  between 
the  trees  and  the  edge  of  the  regatta  course  the  sloping  lawn  will  be  beautified 
in  the  highest  style  of  the  landscape  gardener's  art.  Between  the  west  shore 
of  the  regatta  course  and  the  present  Lake  Shore  Drive  is  a  tract  of  land  now 
piled  high  with  stone  and  pine  bark.  This  will  be  made  one  of  the  finest 
features  of  the  park.  Planked  thus  on  either  side  by  verdure-decked  banks, 
the  canal  will  wind  its  sinuous  course  towards  what  was  Fisher's  garden. 
At  no  point  will  this  placid  stretch  of  water  be  less  than  150  feet  in 
width,  while  the  average  is  nearer  200.  At  the  ends  it  is  widened  to  350 
feet,  so  as  to  permit  boats  to  make  a  sweeping  turn.  Hardly  less 
important  is  the  improvement  contemplated  by  the  Lincoln  Park  Com- 
missioners and  the  property  owners  Mho  own  the  land  fronting  the 
lake  between  Elm  and  Oak  streets.  The  sea-wall  ends  at  Elm  street  on  the 
south.  With  it  the  Lake  Shore  Drive  practically  comes  to  an  end.  The 
problem  which  has  ever  confronted  the  boards  of  park  commissioners  is  to 
connect  the  North  and  South  Side  boulevard  systems.  In  a  recent  message 
to  the  city  council.  Mayor  Cregier  suggested  that  Michigan  boulevard  be  con- 
nected with  a  viaduct  extending  over  the  Illinois  Central  tracks  and  crossing 
the  river  at  some  point  between  Rush  street  and  the  lake.  An  expensive  plan, 
there  seems  to  be  no  other  available.  It  is  proposed  to  swing  the  boulevard 
out  into  the  lake,  starting  at  Elm  street.  It  will  curve  out  1,000  feet  from  the 
present  line  and  strike  the  existing  beach  at  the  foot  of  Ohio  street.  The  Lake 
Shore  Drive  has  for  years  been  the  fashionable  rendezvous  of  the  North  Side. 
Thousands  of  carriages  linethe  beautiful  embankmenton  summerafternoons. 
Lincoln  Park. — Area,  250  acres,  two  and  a  half  miles  in  width  by  one  and 
a  half  miles  in  length;  bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east;  Clark  street 
on  the  west;  North  avenue  on  the  south,  and  Diversey  street  on  the  south. 


CHICAGO  AS   IT  IS.  75 

The  southern  portion  was  formerly  a  cemetery.  The  tomb  of  the  Couch 
family  remains;  all  others  were  long  since  removed.  First  board  of  commis- 
sioners appointed  in  1869,  since  which  time  it  has  been  under  State  super- 
vision. There  is  embraced  within  this  small  piece  of  territory  perhaps  more 
attractions  than  can  be  found  in  any  park  of  the  country.  "Where  nature  left 
off  art  began,  and  the  two  have  contributed  toward  making  Lincoln  Park  the 
most  charming  in  the  city.  The  visitor  will  be  delighted  with  the  undulating 
character  of  the  ground,  the  gracefully  winding  and  curving  avenues,  which 
stretch  out  in  every  direction;  the  beautiful  lakes,  the  handsome  bridges,  the 
splendid  foliage,  the  magnificent  statuary,  the  gorgeous  banks,  beds  and 
avenues  of  choicest  flowers,  the  rare  and  wonderful  shrubbery,  the  pretty 
little  dells,  knolls  and  nooks,  that  lie  half  concealed  beneath  the  noble  trees,  and 
last,  though  not  least,  with  the  zoological  collection,  which  has  contributed  in 
no  small  degree  toward  making  Lincoln  Park  famous.  Here  we  find  the 
Grant  monument,  facing  Lake  Michigan  on  the  Lake  Shore  drive.  This  mag- 
nificent work  of  art  was  presented  by  the  citizens  of  Chicago,  and  cost  $100,000. 
Here,  also,  is  the  Lincoln  statue,  by  St.  Gaudieur,  facing  the  main  entrance, 
a  splendid  likeness  of  the  great  president,  and  pronounced  one  of  the 
finest  pieces  of  sculpture  in  the  world.  This  statue  cost  $50.000,  and 
was  presented,  together  with  a  drinking  fountain,  by  the  late  Eli  Bates. 
Here,  also,  are  the  "Indian  Group'"'  in  bronze,  presented  ^by  the  late 
Martin  Ryerson;  the  La  Salle  monument,  presented  by  Lambert  Tree, 
and  the  Schiller  monument,  presented  by  German  residents  of  Chicago. 
An  entire  day  may  be  spent  pleasantly  by  the  visitor  in  Lincoln  Park.  The 
great  conservatories,  flower  beds  and  zoological  collection,  can  hardly  be  seen 
in  less  time.  There  is  a  comfortable  refectory  in  the  boat-house  on  the  main 
lake.  Boats  may  be  rented  at  25  cents  an  hour.  • 

Lincoln  Park  Palm-House. — The  plan  of  the  new  palm-house  just  erected  at 
Lincoln  Park,  drawn  by  Architect  Silsbee,  shows  a  beautiful  structure  of  steel 
and  glass,  light,  airy  and  picturesque,  sixty  feet  high,  resting  upon  a  bowlder 
foundation  of  split  granite.  The  main  building  is  168x70  feet,  with  a  rear  exten- 
sion of  seventy  feet,  making  the  entire  length  of  the  structure  238  feet.  In  front 
of  the  main  building  there  is  to  be  alobby  25x60  feet,  which  isapproached  by  a 
vestibule  twenty  feet  square.  The  interior  of  the  main  building  shows  an 
unbroken  stretch,  save  a  few  light  supporting  iron  columns  for  the  glass  roof. 
The  conservatory  is  in  the  rear  of  the  palm  house.  It  is  thirty  feet  wide.  At 
the  extreme  north  end  is  a  room  30x60  feet,  which  will  be  exclusively  devoted 
to  the  culture  of  orchids.  This  room  will  be  further  beautified  by  a  sort  of 
observatory  tower  built  of  pressed  brick  and  terra-cotta  trimmings.  The 
building  will  be  erected  on  two  terraces  northeast  of  the  present  canal  vista 
and  the  animals'  summer  quarters.  The  terraces  occupy  the  space  due  north 
of  the  present  green-houses.  The  latter  structure  will  be  removed  as  soon  as 
the  new  palm-house  is  completed.  The  main  approach  to  the  palm-house  will 
be  from  the  floral  gardens.  The  new  house  will  cost  $60,000. 

Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard. — Michigan  avenue,  from  .lackson  street  on 
the  north  to  Thirty-fifth  street  on  the  south,  a  distance  of  three  and  a  quarter 
miles.  It  is  100  feetwide  from  curb  to  curb,  and  skirts  the  Lake  Front  Park, 
the  site  for  a  portion  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  Formerly  the  ultra  fash- 
ionable residence  street  of  the  city.  Now  undergoing  a  transformation.  [See 
"Michigan  Avenue."] 

Midway  Plaisance. — Area,  80  acres;  a  woodland  drive  connecting  Wash- 


76  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

ington  with  Jackson  Park,  and,  although  unimproved  to  any  extent  \vorth 
mentioning  up  to  this  year,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  romantic  avenues 
within  the  park  system.  It  runs  between  Fifty-ninth  and  Sixtieth  streets, 
and  is  one  and  one-tenth  miles  in  length.  The  Midway  Plaisance,  with 
adjoining  lands  added,  will  become  the  site  of  a  portion  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition.  The  plans  for  improvement  during  the  next  two  years  are  elab- 
orate. [See  "World's  Columbian  Exposition.'  j 

North  and  South  Side  Viaduct. — If  a  great  viaduct  instead  of  a  sub- 
way is  decided  upon  it  will  take  the  following  route:  Beginning  at 
a  point  on  St  Clair  street  south  of  Ohio,  at  a  point  where  the 
Sheridan  drive  now  terminates,  the  viaduct  of  solid  masonry  work  fifty  feet 
wide,  exclusive  of  pedestrian  ways  on  each  side,  takes  its  rise.  South  on  St. 
Clair  to  Michigan  street,  thence  southwestwardly  across  Michigan  street  and 
the  parallel  railroad  tracks;  thence  south  along  and  over  a  private  street 
between  Kirk's  soap  factory  and  the  McCormick,  thence  by  a  drawbridge 
across  the  river  and  by  a  long  span  across  the  Goodrich  steamer  docks  to 
Front  street,  west  on  Front  to  a  private  street  which  is  a  continuation  of  Cen- 
tral avenue,  and  south  along  this  private  street  and  Central  avenue  to  the 
Randolph  street  viaduct,  at  which  point  it  begins  to  fall.  By  easy  stages  from 
the  viaduct  in  a  southwestwardly  direction,  the  new  viaduct  is  traced  across 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  unimproved  part  of  the  Lake  Front  Park  to  Mich- 
igan avenue  and  Washington  street,  where  it  comes  to  the  level  of  the  avenue. 

Oakwood  Boulevard. — Connects  Drexel  and  Grand  boulevard*;  100  feet 
wide  and  half -a  mile  long.  It  enters  Grand  boulevard  at  Thirty-ninth 
street,  and  touches  Drexel  boulevard  at  its  intersection  with  Cottage  Grove 
avenue, 

Ogden  Boulevard. — Running  southwest  from  the  junction  of  West  Twelfth 
street  boulevard  and  Oakley  avenue.  Not  yet  completed,  but  being  rapidly 
pushed  forward.  It  will  connect  Ashland  and  West  Twelfth  street  boule- 
vards with  Douglas  Park. 

Thirty-Fifth  Street  Boulevard. — The  connecting  link  between  Grand  and 
Michigan  avenue  boulevards;  sixty-six  feet  wide  and  one-third  of  a  mile  in 
length. 

Union  Park. — Area,  14.3  acres;  situated  one  and  three-quarter  miles 
directly  west  of  the  Court  House;  bounded  by  Warren  avenue  on  the  south, 
Lake  street  on  the  north,  Ogden  avenue  on  the  east  and  Ashland  avenue  on 
•the  west.  This  park,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  city,  only  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Park  Commissioners  a  few  years  ago.  Since  then  it  has  undergone  many 
alterations  and  improvements.  On  the  northeast  corner  of  the  park  stands 
the  headquarters  of  the  West  Park  Board.  The  lake  has  recently  been 
enlarged  and  rebedded;  many  unsightly  mounds  have  been  cut  away,  and 
every  year  will  add  to  its  attractiveness  in  the  future.  The  portion  of  the 
park,  through  which  Washington  boulevard  passes,  is  laid  out  in  flower  beds. 
This  is  one  of  themost  popular  West  Side  breathing  places  in  thesummer,  and 
on  Sundays  it  is  usually  crowded. 

Washington  Boulevard. — The  continuation  of  West  Washington  street, 
west  from  Halsted  street  to  Garfield  Park,  and  the  driveway  from  the  center 
of  the  city  to  the  parks  and  boulevards  of  the  West  Park  System.  Passes 
through  Union  Park,  a  beautiful  square.  This  boulevard  is  lined  for  the 
entire  distance  of  nearly  three  miles  with  handsome  residences.  Large  shade 
trees  and  a  continuous  strip  of  green  sward  fringe  either  side  of  the  avenue. 


CHICAGO   AS  IT   IS.  77 

On  Washington  boulevard  are  many  fine  church  edifices.  The  Chicago 
Theological  Seminary  is  passed  at  Union  Park  and  Warren  avenue;  the 
Episcopalian  Seminary  on  the  north  side,  west  of  California  avenue. 

Washington  Park, — Area,  371  acres;  situated  about  one  and  a  quarter 
miles  west  of  Lake  Michigan  and  about  six  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of  the 
Court  House;  bounded  on  the  east  by  Eankakee  avenue,  on  the  west  by  Cot- 
tage Grove  avenue,  on  the  north  by  Fifty-first  street  and  on  the  south  by  Six- 
tieth street.  The  finest  of  Chicago's  parks,  more  by  reason  of  its  magnificent 
entrances,  Drexel  and  Grand  boulevards,  than  by  any  great  natural  or  artificial 
attraction  of  its  own,  although  its  flower  beds  are  the  most  beautiful  of  any. 
It  lacks  many  of  the  advantages  which  are  enjoyed  by  Lincoln  and  Jackson 
Parks,  the  contiguity  of  the  lake  being  of  itself  one  of  the  greatest  charms  of 
the  two  last  named. "  It  can  not  boast  of  a  zoological  garden  that  will  com- 
pare with  Lincoln  Park's,  nor  of  the  magnificent  monuments  that  are  making 
the  north  shore  park  classical  ground.  But  South  Park  has  statelier  trees, 
grander  avenues,  more  sweeping  perspectives,  more  charming  drives  than  any 
other  park  in  the  city.  It  has  the  jamous  "Meadow, "a  stretch  of  velvety 
sward  that  covers  100  acres  and  the  "  Mere,"  with  its  thirteen  acres  of  water, 
picturesquely  sparkling  behind  long  lines  of  ancient  oaks  and  elms,  and  bath- 
ing the  emerald  banks  of  the  mounds  and  knolls  which  almost  conceal  it  from 
the  view  of  the  passing  visitor.  It  has  also  its  great  conservatory  [see 
Conservatories]  and  its  splendid  stables,  which  cover  325x200  feet,  and 
through  which  you  will  be  driven  if  you  take  a  park  phaeton.  It  has  its 
delightful  refectory,  known  as  the  "  Retreat,"  where  refreshments  are  served 
for  man  and  beast,  but  its  flower  gardens  are  its  greatest  boas-t,  and  here  the 
visitor  will  pause  the  longest,  for  the  angle  in  front  of  the  flower  house  is 
probably  the  most  seductive  spot  Chicago  has  to  offer  the  lover  of  the  beauti- 
ful in  nature.  Here  you  will  find,  during  the  months  between  May  and 
November,  the  best  exhibition  of  the  landscape  gardening  art  in  the  world. 
Flowers  and  foliage  are  made  to  do,  in  the  hands  of  the  gardener,  what  the 
brush  and  palette  accomplish  for  the  artist.  The  designs  are  changed  annu- 
ally, and  are  always  original,  always  interesting  and  always  lovely.  An 
entire  day  can  be  very  pleasantly  spent  in  Washington  Park. 

West  Twelfth  Street  Boulevard. — West  from  Ashland  avenue  to  Oakley 
avenue,  were  it  connects  with  Ogden  boulevard,  which  runs  in  a  southwest- 
erly direction  to  Douglas  Park.  This  boulevard  is  planted  with  a  double 
row  of  trees  and  parked  through  the  center,  street  cars  and  traffic  teams  tak- 
ing the  roadways  on  either  side.  It  is  a  splendid  driveway  and  is  becoming 
more  and  more  popular  every  year. 

Western  Avenue  Boulevard. — A  zig-zag  boulevard  is  projected  to  connect 
Douglas  Park  with  Western  avenue,  which  it  is  proposed  to  boulevard  south 
to  Gage  Park.  From  the  latter  point,  a  boulevard  is  to  extend  east  to  Wash- 
ington Park,  thus  connecting  the  West  and  South  Side  park  systems.  For 
some  inscrutable  reason  the  east  and  west  boulevard  last  mentioned  is  called 
Garfield,  probably  with  the  idea  in  view  of  creating  still  more  confusion  in 
the  nomenclature  of  streets,  which  is  confused  badly  enough  now  to  be  a  con-  \ 
slant  annoyance  to  residents.  How  strangers  will  be  able  to  grapple  with  the 
intricacies  of  street,  avenue  and  boulevard  names  is  uncertain.  The  boule- 
vard known  as  Western  avenue  is  not  beyond  the  point  of  projection,  and 
neither  is  the  boulevard  known  as  Garfield,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  com- 
pletion of  these  connecting  links  will  now  be  hastened,  as  they  will  open  up  a 
driveway  from  the  great  southwestern  portion  of  the  city  to  the  Columbian 
Exposition  «ite.  [See  Map.] 


78  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

City  Parks. — There  are  a  number  of  small  but  very  pretty  parks  scattered 
throughout  the  city,  not  under  the  control  of  the  State  Park  Commissioners. 
These  are  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  municipal  government.  Many  of 
them,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  are  of  far  more  importance  to  the  neighborhoods  in 
which  they  are  situated  than  the  larger  and  more  pretentious  ones.  Among 
these  are  the  following:  On  the  South  Side:  Lake  Park,  known  more 
familiarly  as  the  Lake  Front ;  bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east, 
Michigan  avenue  boulevard  on  the  west,  Randolph  street  on  the  north  and  Park 
place  on  the  south.  From  Randolph  street  to  Madison  has  been  vacant  in 
the  past;  the  space  between  Madison  and  Jackson  has  been  covered  with 
the  B.  &  O.  railroad  passenger  depot,  the  First  Regiment  Armory,  Battery  D 
Armory  and  the  Inter-State  Exposition  buildings;  and  the  space  between 
Jackson  street  and  Park  place  only  has  been  improved  as  a  park .  The  area  of 
the  park  proper  is  forty -one  acres.  This  is  all  made  ground,  having  been 
recovered  from  the  lake  by  filling  in  with  the  debris  of  the  great  fire.  Lake 
Park  has  come  into  prominence  of  late  by  reason  of  its  having  been  selected 
as  the  site  of  a  portion  of  the  Columbian  Exposition  [see ' '  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  "1.  The  park  has  been  very  popular  with  the  business  people  of 
the  South  Side,  not  because  of  its  attractions,  but  rather  on  account  of  the 
large  area  of  free  breathing  space  which  it  gives  contiguous  to  the  business 
center.  Groveland  twdWoodlawn  parks  adjoin  each  other  on  Cottage  Grove 
avenue,  near  Thirty  third  street.  Take  Cottage  Grove  avenue  car.  These 
parks,  together  with  the  University  grounds,  which  were  opposite,  were  a 
gift  from  the  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  The  University  has  been  aban- 
doned, and  the  buildings  removed.  [See  "  University  of  Chicago."]  The 
Dearborn  Observatory,  which  was  formerly  attached  to  the  University,  has 
become  a  part  of  the  Northwestern  University  at  Evanston,  the  great  tele- 
scope having  been  transferred  to  the  care  of  that  college  by  the  trustees. 
[See  Northwestern  University.]  Douglas  Monument  Square;  area,  2.02  acres; 
situatedon  the  Lake  shore, between  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fif  thstreets,  and 
close  to  the  two  parks  last  mentioned.  Take  Illinois  Central  train  to  Thirty- 
fifth  street.  Here  stands  the  mausoleum  and  monument  to  Stephen  A. 
Douglas  [See  "Douglas  Monument"],  a  pretty  little  square;  from  which  a 
splendid  view  of  Lake  Michigan  may  be  obtained.  Ellis  Park;  area,  3.38 
acres;  situated  four  miles  south  of  the  Court  House;  between  Vincennes  and 
Cottage  Grove  avenues,  at  Thirty-seventh  street.  Aldine  Square;  area,  1.44 
acres;  situated  at  Thirty-seventh  street  and  Vincennes  avenue,  which  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  private  residences,  and  a  number  of  other  smaller 
squares  and  parks,  farther  to  the  south.  West  Side:  Jefferson  Park,  area,  5.5 
acres;  situated  between  Adams  street  on  the  south,  Monroe  street  on  the 
north,  Throop  street  on  the  east  and  Loomis  street  on  the  west.  Take  Adams 
street  car  to  Centre  avenue  or  Madison  street  cable  line  to  Throop  street.  A 
beautiful  and  popular  little  park,  with  many  attractive  features.  Vernon 
Park;  area,  4  acres;  situated  between  Gilpin  place  on  the  south,  Macalister 
place  on  the  north,  Centre  avenue  on  the  east  and  Loomis  street  on  the  west. 
Two  miles  from  the  Court  House.  Take  Adams  street  or  West  Taylor  street 
cars.  Wicker  Park;  area,  4  acres;  situated  in  the  triangle  between  Park, 
North  Robey  and  Fowler  streets;  three  miles  northwest  from  the  Court 
House.  Take  Milwaukee  avenue  cable  line.  North  Side:  Washington 
Square;  area,  2.25  acres;  situated  between  North  Clark  street,  Dearborn 
avenue,  Lafayette  place  and  Washington  place.  This  is  a  popular  resort  for 
North  Siders  who  do  not  care  to  go  as  far  as  Lincoln  Park,  and  for  children. 


CHICAGO  AS   IT   IS.  79 

There  are  other  parks  and  squares  not  mentioned  here,  such  as  Campbell  and 
Congress  parks  on  the  West  Side  and  Dearborn  park  on  the  South  Side.  The 
former  has  no  attractions  for  the  visitor.  The  latter  is  fenced  in  and  is  the 
proposed  site  of  the  new  Public  Library  building.  Its  area  is  1.43  acres, 
and  it  is  situated  on  Michigan  avenue,  facing  east,  between  Dearborn  and 
Washington  streets,  opposite  the  jiorth  end  of  the  Lake  Front. 

West  Side  Park  Improvement. — A  committee  of  one  hundred  West  Side 
residents  has  in  charge  the  matter  of  improving  the  West  Side  parks  and 
boulevards  immediately.  The  step  the  property  owners  believe  it  necessary 
to  take  is  the  issuance  of  not  less  than  $1,000,000  in  bonds  and  the  levying  of 
a  tax  of  not  less  than  six  mills.  The' improvements  contemplated  are  as  fol- 
lows: The  total  length  of  Humboldt  boulevard  as  planned  is  13,238^  lineal 
feet,  comprising  an  area  of  ninety  acres.  Logan  square  is  4GO  feet  wide,  and 
Palmer  square  is  the  same.  From  Palmer  square  to  North  avenue  the  boule- 
vard is,  for  a  considerable  distance,  317  feet  wide.  Humboldt  Park  contains 
over  two  hundred  acres.  While  less  than  half  is  improved  and  beautified  at 
present,  the  whole  is  to  be  brought  under  the  hand  of  the  artist  and  land- 
scape architect  within  the  next  two  years.  Of  the  two  and  one-half  miles  of 
public  streets  fronting  on  Humboldt  Park,  but  one  and  one-half  miles  are  at 
present  improved.  The  new  plans  contemplate  the  improvement  and  .orna- 
mentation of  the  whole  distance.  Central  boulevard,  from  Augusta  street 
to  Grand  avenue,  a  distance  of  890  feet,  is  400  feet  wide;  from  Grand  avenue 
to  Sacramento  square,  a  distance  of  2,206  feet,  it  is  263  feet  wide.  Sacra- 
mento square  is  to  be  a  400  foot  square,  and  from  that  point  the  boulevard  is 
tobe  250  feet  wide  until  it  reaches  Central  Park  square,  which  is  a  distance 
of  3, 662  feet.  Central  Park  square  is  to  be  a  400-foot  square.  The  seventy- 
five  acres  of  uniiri  proved  grounds  in  Garfield  Park  are  to  be  put  in  splendid 
order,  and  the  three  miles  of  unimproved  public  streets  surrounding  it  are  to 
be  put  in  much  better  shape  than  the  quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  same  already 
improved.  Douglas  boulevard  will  be  250  wide  from  Colorado  avenue  to 
the  square  south  of  Twelfth  street,  which  is  a  distance  of  4,077  feet.  The 
square  will  be  the  usual  400  feet,  and  the  boulevard  from  that  point  to  Doug- 
las Park  will  be  250  feet  wide.  Douglas  Park  has  ninety-six  and  a  half  acres 
improved  and  eighty-three  and  a  half  acres  unimproved.  The  latter  is  to  be 
beautified  under  the  new  plans,  and  all  the  public  streets  which  surround  the 
park  are  to  undergo  a  transformation.  Southwestern  boulevard  will  be  250 
feet  wide  from  the  park  to  the  east  turn,  which  is  a  distance  of  2.950  feet, 
and  will  run  a  uniform  width  for  its  whole  length  of  11,148  feet.  The  plans 
also  include  the  addition  of  many  attractions  to  the  parks.  These  will 
include  lakes  in  the  now  unimproved  portions,  buildings  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  visitors,  cafes,  boating  facilities,  lawns,  flowers,  trees  and  pavilions.  Tn 
short,  the  system  when  completed  will  be  the  finest  in  the  world.  The  tot  id 
length  of  all  the  boulevards  ouside  of  the  parks,  as  planned  under  the  new 
order  of  things,  is  nearly  eighteen  miles.  This  will  make  the  whole  drive  on 
the  West  Side  nearly  twenty-two  miles. 

POLICE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  police  department  of  the  city  of  Chicago  is  under  the  official  control 
of  the  mayor  and  is  conducted  by  a  general  superintendent  (Robert  W. 
McClaughrey);  an  assistant  superintendent  (George  W.  Hubbard);  a  secretary 


80  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

with  the  rank  of  captain  (Jos.  B.  Shepard);  a  private  secretary  to  the  general 
superintendent  (Thomas  L.  Perkine);  a  chief  inspector  (Fred.  H.  Marsh);  four 
division  inspectors  (Lyman  Lewis,  commanding  the  first  division;  Nicholas 
Hunt,  commanding  the  second  division;  Alexander  8.  Ross,  commanding  the 
third  division,  and  Michael  J.  Bchaack,  commanding  the  fourth  division) ; 
16  captains,  52  lieutenants,  56  patrol  sergeants  and  86  desk  sergeants.  The 
total  force,  including  officers  and  men,  number  8,503. 

Bureau,  of  Identification. — This  bureau  is  in  charge  of  Michael  P.  Evans, 
who  has  held  the  position  almost  continuously  for  the  past  11  years.  Under 
his  management  and  by  the  aid  of  his  valuable  assistants — (Geo.  M.  Porteous, 
Victor  George,  Andrew  Rohan,  Edgar  Marsh,  Sidney  Wetmore  and  Walter 
Mueller),  the  bureau  has  become  a  valuable  adjunct  of  the  detective  depart- 
ment. It  contains  the  pictures  of  more  than  12,000  criminals;  many  of  them 
the  most  noted  criminals  in  the  country.  The  Bertillon  system  of  measure- 
ments was  adopted  by  the  department  some  years  ago,  and  is  conducted 
by  Geo.  M.  Porteous,  whose  knowledge  of  the  system  was  acquired  under  ttie 
instruction  of  M.  Bertillon,  the  father  of  the  system  at  Paris,  France.  The 
Bureau  now  contains'the  measurements  of  about  4,000  criminals. 

"  Central  Detail." — This  old,  familiar  title,  as  applied  to  those  policemen 
who  do  -patrol  duty  during  the  day  time  in  the  central  part  of  the  city,  at 
bridges,  railroad  depots,  street  crossings,  etc.,  has  been  abolished.  The  Cen- 
tral Detail  police  are  now  attached  to  the  "  First  Precinct,  First  District,  First 
Division."  This  precinct  patrols  that  portion  of  the  South  Division  of  the 
city  lying  north  of  the  center  of  Van  Buren  street.  It  contains  the  greater 
portion  of  the  wholesale  mercantile  and  banking  interests  of  the  city,  and  has 
an  area  of  about  one  square  mile  of  territory,  containing  about  40,000  inhab- 
itants. The  command  at  present  includes  the  following  officers;  1  captain, 
3  lieutenants,  3  patrol  sergeants,  3  desk  sergeants,  164  patrolmen  on  permanent 
post  duty,  57  patrolmen  on  patrol  duty,  2  patrolmen  in  plain  dress,  4  patrol- 
men detailed  in  signal  service,  3  patrolmen  detailed  as  vehicle  inspectors,  1 
patrolman  detailed  on  licences.  Total,  241. 

Cost  of  Maintenance. — The  amount  appropriated  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  Police  Department  in  1891  was,  for  salaries,  new  sites  for  buildings  and 
for  miscellaneous  expenses,  about  $3,000,000. 

Detective  Department. — The  Detective  department  and  Bureau  of  Identi- 
fication (Rogues  Gallery)  is  under  the  control  of  Chief  Inspector  F.  H.  Marsh, 
with  headquarters  at  the  City  Hall.  The  force  consists  of  1  Chief  Inspector, 
1  Captain  (John  Shea),  1  Detective  Sergeant  (L.  Hass),  and  50  Detective 
Sergeants.  They  are  not  uniformed.  Under  the  present  organization  the 
department  has  become  very  effective  and  has  done  some  very  fine  detective 
work  for  which  they  have  been  very  highly  complimented. 

Division  Headquarters  and  Precincts: — The  following  are  the  Division 
Headquarters,  with  commanding  officers  and  precincts  as  established  in  1892 

First  Division:  Inspector,  Lyman  Lewis.  Headquarters,  Harrison  and 
Pacific  Avenue.  1st  District,  1st  Precinct,  City  Hall,  formerly  the  central 
detail.  2nd  District,  2nd  Precinct,  Harrison  and  Pacific  Ave.  2nd  District, 
3rd  Precinct,  22nd  and  Wentworth  Ave.  2nd  District,  4th  Precinct,  2523 
Cottage  Grove  Ave.  3rd  District,  5th  Precinct,  144  35th  St.  (Stanton  Ave.) 
3rd  District,  6th  Precinct,  Thirty-fifth  near  Halsted.  3rd  District,  7th  Pre- 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS.  81 

cinct,  2913  Deering  St.  3rd  District.  8th  Precinct,  (Brighton  Park,)  Califor- 
nia Ave.,  near  38th  St.  3rd  District,  9th  Precinct, . 

Second  Division:  Inspector,  Nicholas  Hunt.  Headquarters,  53rd  St.  and 
Lake  Ave.  4th  District,  10th  Precinct,  53rd  and  Lake  Ave.  4th  District, 
llth  Precinct,  50th  and  State  St.  5th  District,  12th  Precinct  (Woodlawn 
Station,)  321  63rd  St.  5th  District,  13th  Precinct  (Grand  Crossing,)  Dobson 
Ave  bet.  75th  and  76th  Sts.  5th  District,  14th  Precinct  (Kensington,)  Ken- 
sington Ave.  and  Front  St.  6th  District,  15th  Precinct  (South  Chicago,)  93rd 
and  So.  Chicago  Ave.  6th  District,  16th  Precinct,  (Hegewisch,  134th  St.  and 
Superior  Ave.  7th  District,  17th  Precinct  (Englewood,)64th  St.  and  Went- 
worth  Ave.  7th  District,  18th  Precinct,  to  be  opened  at  86th  St.  and  Vin- 
cennes  Ave.  8th  District,  19th  Precinct,  Mattson  and  Halsted  Sts.  8th  Dis- 
trict, 20th  Precinct, 

Third  Division:  Inspector,  A?  S.  Ross.  Headquarters,  Desplaines  and 
Waldo  Place.  9th  District,  21st  Precinct,  Morgan  and  Maxwell  St.  9th  Dis- 
trict, 22ud  Precinct,  Canalport  Ave.  near  Halsted.  9th  District,  23rd  Pre- 
cinct, cor.  Hinman  and  Paulina  Sts.  9th  District,  24th  Precinct,  West  13th 
St.  near  Oakley  Ave.  9lh  District,  25th  Precinct  (Lawndale.)  9th  District, 

26th  Precinct. 10th  District,  27th  Precinct,  Desplaines  St.  near  Waldo 

Place.  10th  District,  28th  Precinct,  609  W.  Lake  St.  10th  District,  29th 
Precinct,  256  Warren  Ave.  10th  District,  30th  Precinct,  W.  Lake  and.43rd  St. 
10th  District,  31st  Precinct, 

Fourth  Division:  Inspector,  M.  J.  Schaack  Headquarters,  E.  Chicago 
Ave.  Station,  llth  District,  32nd  Precinct,  233  W.  Chicago  Ave.  llth  Dis- 
trict, 33rd  Precinct,  99  W.  North  Ave.  llth  District,  34th  Precinct,  W. 
North  Ave.  near  Milwaukee  Ave.  llth  District,  35th  Precinct,  Milwaukee 
Ave.,  and  Attrell  St.  llth  District,  36th  Precinct  (Irving  Park,)  Milwau- 
kee Ave.  and  Irving  Park  Blvd.  llth  District,  37th  Precinct. 12th 

District,  38th  Precinct,  E.  Chicago  Ave.,  near  N.  Clark  St.  12th  District, 
39th  Precinct,  Larrabee  St.  and  North  Ave.  12th  District,  40th  Precinct, 
958  N.  Halsted  St.  13th  District,  41st  Precinct  (Lake  View,)  Sheffield  Ave., 
near  Diversey  St.  13th  District,  42nd  Precinct;  Halsted  and  Addison  Sts. 
13th  District,  43rd  Precinct, 

Headquarters. — The  headquarters  of  the^  police  department  are  located  in 
the  City  Hall. 

Police  Matrons. — There  are  twenty-five  matrons  each  receiving  $630  per 
annum,  they  are  employed  at  the  principal  precinct  stations  to  care  for 
females  and  children  arrested.  Under  Chief  McClaugh/ey  an  advisory  board 
has  been  organized  composed  of  ladies  selected  by  the  different  women's 
organizations  in  the  city,  whose  dnty  it  is  to  investigate  and  report  to  the 
General  Superintendent  the  manner  in  which  these  matrons  perform  their 
duty,  and  to  recommend  such  improvements  as  they  deem  proper. 

Patrol  System. — The  Patrol  Wagon  system,  which  is  worked  to  perfec- 
tion in  this  city,  had  its  origin  in  Chicago.  From  the  patrol  boxes  located  at 
convenient  corners,  or  by  telephone  from  any  point,  place  of  business  or 
residence,  a  patrol  wagon  containing  from  four  to  eight  police  officers  may 
be  summoned  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or  night.  The  response  is  quick,  sur- 
prisingly so  to  strangers,  who  are  always  interested  in  its  operation.  The 
telephone  and  telegraph  are  constantly  employed  in  connection  with  the 
police  system  of  Chicago,  and  some  arrests  of  dangerous  and  notorious 


82  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

characters  have  been  made  within  recent  months  by  the  operations  of  this 
system  that  could  not  have  been  accomplished  under  the  old  methods.  The 
patrol  service  is  also  an  ambulance  corps,  and  renders  valuable  assistance  in 
rescuing  the  injured  in  accidents,  or  in  carrying  to  hospitals  those  who  are 
suddenly  stricken  with  illness.  Besides  the  patrol  wagons  there  are  two 
regular  ambulances  connected  with  the  department,  and  others  are  to  be 
added.  The  number  of  patrol  wagons  in  the  service  is  35. 
Policemen's  Benevolent  Association. — Condition  at  d)se  of  1891: 

Cash  on  hand  January  1, 1891 $11,456 

Receipts  during  1891  62,915 

Total ...$74 ,371 

Expenditures  during  1891  $67,558 

Balance  January  1. 189.i 6,813 

The  number  of  members  in  the  association  January  1,  1892,  was  1,643. 

The  officers  for  1891  are:  President,  Sergt  William  Dollard;  Vbe-Presi- 
dent,  Sorgt.  Rudolph  Sanderson:  Treasurer,  Michael  Brennan;  Recording 
Secretary,  Daniel  Hogan;  Financial  Secretary,  William  S.  McGuire. 

POPULATION    STATISTICS. 

The  present  ratio  of  gain  in  the  population  of  the  city  of  Chicago  is 
estimated  at  1,000  per  week.  In  the  last  twenty -two  months,  or,  say  ninety 
weeks  intervening  between  the  time  of  the  completion  of  the  school  census, 
in  June,  1890,  and  the  present  time,  April,  1892,  90,000pers  >ns  would,  there- 
fore, be  added  to  the  population  of  the  city.  The  school  census  figures  were 
1,208,669.  Add  90,000,  and  we  have  1,298,669.  Add  additions  to  population 
by  annexation,  since  June,  1890,  say  10,000,  and  we  have  1,308,669.  It  is 
perfectly  safe,  therefore,  to  claim  for  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1892,  in 
round  numbers,  a  population  of  ONK  MILLION  THREE  HUNDRED  THOUSAND. 
The  statements  which  follow  are  all  based  upon  the  last  school  census  returns. 

Nationalities  Represented. — Chicago  is  a  thoroughly  cosmopolitan  city. 
Less  than  one-fourth  of  her  people  are  of  American  birth — fully  one-third 
of  the  292,463  native-born  citizens  are  of  immediate  foreign  extraction.  The 
following  is  a  careful  estimate  of  the  nationalities  represented. 


American 292,463 

German .. 384,958 

Irish 215,531 

Bohemian 54,209 

Polish 52,756 

Swedish 45,877 

Norwegian 44,615 

English 33,785 

French li.HW 

Scotch 11,927 

Welsh  ...* 2.96H 

Russian 9,977 

Danes  9,891 

Italians •  9,921 


Hollanders  4,912 

Hungarians 4,827 

Swiss 2,735 

Roumanians 4,350 

Canadians 0,PM) 

Belgians  682 

Greeks         698 

Spanish £97 

Portuguese 34 

East  Indians 28 

West  Indians 

Sandwich  Islanders 31 

Mongolians 1,217 

1,208,669 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS. 


83 


Population  by  Divisions. — According  to  the  census  of  1880  the  South 
Division  had  a  population  of  127,266,  the  West  Division  276,321,  and  the 
North  Division  99,717.  Between  1880  and  1889  the  West  gained  rapidly  on 
the  other  sides,  until,  before  the  annexation  of  adjoining  towns,  it  was  esti- 
mated to  contain  two-thirds  of  all  the  inhabitants  in  the  city.  The  acquisi- 
tion of  the  populous  towns  of  Hyde  Park  and  Lake,  on  the  South,  and  Lake 
View  and  Jefferson,  on  the  North,  by  the  vote  of  1889,  however,  swelled  the 
population  of  these  divisions  to  a  point  which  considerably  weakened  the 
ascendency  of  the  West  Division. 

Growth  by  Wards. — In  order  to  illustrate  the  rapidity  with  which  the 
population  of  Chicago  increases,  the  following  tables,  showing  the  increase 
in  the  inhabitants  of  the  different  wards  between  1888  and  1890  is  given. 
Comparison  is  made  between  the  school  census  returns  of  both  years: 


Ward. 

Population  in 
1890. 

Population  in 

1888. 

Increase. 

1                       

44,897 
30,652 
30,511 
31,415 
40,642 
45,199 
45,699 
36,539 
41,411 
42,925 
37,182 
52,127 
37,501 
40,724 
42,342 
58.69P 
28,333 
3\126 
48,590 
27,126 
35,335 
36,505 
41,519 
35,120 

32,333 

26,964 
28,052 
26,236 
40,067 
40,513 
36,398 
33,497 
36,592 
33,435 
32,298 
'    40,536 
32,023 
31,350 
29,761 
50,750 
24,589 
31.667 
41,671 
22,597 
30,620 
32,283 
38,579 
3;),  141 

12,564 
3,688 
2,459 
5,179 
675 
4,687 
9,301 
3,342 
4,819 
9,490 
4,884 
11,591 
5,478 
9,374 
12.681 
7,949 
3,744 
4,459 
6,919 
4,715 
4,529 
•       4,222 
2,940 
4,979 

2                               

3                  ...               

4  

5           •           

6                   

7  

8      

9                

10              

11  

12                        

13    

14     

15  

16  

17  

18            

19  

20  

21  

2i  

23... 

24  

These  are  the  old  wards.    The  population  of  the  new  wards  must  be  com- 
pared with  the  population  of  the  townships  in  which  they  are  situated. 


Townships. 


Wards. 


LakeVieiv  ]  || 

Jefferson 27 

Partof  Cicero 28 

(29 
Lake ^30 

1 31 

(32 
HydePark ^33 

(34 


Population 
in  1890. 
23,788 
28,003 
11,368 
8,785 
31,139 
49,718 
21,586 
29,412 
29,236 
29,611 


Population 
in  1888. 

1 46,164 
11,552 
6,850 

1 84,585 
i  67,062 


Increase. 
5,627 
1,935 

17,860 
11,191 


The  large  increase  in  the  population  of  Jefferson  was  due  to  the  fact  that  a 
great  portion  of  it,  containing  about  4,000  persons,  was  annexed  during  1889. 


84  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Following  is  the  population  by  Divisions,  according  to  the  school  census 
of  1890: 

Total  population  of  South  Division,  comprising  the  South  Town  wards 
and  those  of  Lake  and  Hyde  Park,  male,  222,077;  female,  191,845;  total. 
413,922. 

Total  population  West  Division,  comprising  the  West  Town  wards  and 
Twenty-eighth  ward  (annexed  portion  of  Cicero),  male,  297,722;  female. 
258,261;  total,  555,983. 

Total  population  North  Division,  comprising  the  North  Side  wards  and 
those  of  Lake  Visw  and  Jefferson,  male,  126,091;  female,  112,673;  total 
238,764. 

Population  Summary.— Of  the  1,208,669  inhabitants  in  Chicage  in  1890, 
645,890  were  males  and  562,779  were  females.  There  were  735,435  persons 
over  21  years  of  age,  of  whom  409,676  were  males  and  325,759  were  females. 
The  total  number  of  persons  under  21,  473,204 ;  236,214  being  males  and 
237,020  being  females.  The  number  of  school  children  between  6  and  14 
was  males,  84,272 ;  females,  81,344  ;  total  165,621 .  The  total  number  of  chil- 
dren under  6  was  183,801.  The  blind  numbered  183  ;  deaf  and  dumb,  427— 
males,  203  ;  females,  224.  The  total  number  of  pupils  in  private  schools  was 
39,906  ;  total  number  of  pupils  in  public  schools  135,551.  The  total  number 
of  children  under  21  who  had  finished  their  studies  was  35,246,  while  there 
were  35,246  who  had  to  work  but  would  have  attended  school  had  they  an 
opportunity.  The  total  number  between  12  and  21  who  could  not  read 
or  write  English  was  but  2,599,  of  whom  1,200  were  males.  The  total 
number  between  6  and  14  who  did  not  attend  school  was  6,216.  The  colored 
people  of  all  ages  in  the  city  were  14,490 — 7,932  males,  6,558  females.  The 
Mongolians  numbered  1,217,  of  whom  only  10  were  females.  The  population 
of  the  annexed  districts  was  262,640,  as  against  216,213  in  1889,  and  within 
the  old  city  boundaries  946,029,  as  against  802,651  in  1889. 

Population  of  Cook  County. — The  population  of  Cook  County,  111.,  in 
which  Chicago  is  situated,  according  to  the  United  States  Census  of  June,  1890, 
was  1, 189,258  against  607,524  in  1880.  This  is  grossly  incorrect.  The  pop- 
ulation of  the  county  outside  of  the  city  is  not  less  than  100,000,  which,  added 
to  the  estimate  of  1,300,000  for  the  city  at  the  present  time,  makes  the 
population  of  Cook  county  1,400,000. 

Population  of  Illinois. — The  population  of  Illinois,  according  to  the 
United  States  census  of  June,  1890,  was  3,801,285,  which  gave  her  the  third 
place  among  the  States  of  the  Union — New  York  ranking  first  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, second.  By  census  districts  the  count  was  as  follows  : 


First  District 1,226,292 

Second  District 342,500 

Third  District 393,155 

Fourth  District 400,092 

Fifth  District   370,000 


I  Sixth  District 384,928 

Seventh  District 382,940 

Eighth  District 352,378 

Total 3,801,285 


If  the  error  made  in  the  count  of  Chicago,  which  is  included  in  the  first 
district,  be  taken  into  account,  and  the  gain  in  population  since  June,  1890, 
be  added,  the  population  of  Illinois  in  April,  1891,  can  be  fairly  said  to  exceed 
four  millions. 


*/«.'«' 
Of  j 
31  f  y 


CHICAGO   AS  IT  IS.  85 

POST-OFFICE. 

The  limits  or  jurisdiction  of  the  postmaster  of  the  Chicago  Post-office 
covers  leas  than  one-third  of  the  area  of  the  city  proper,  the  outlying  post- 
offices  being  entirely  distinctive,  and  having  postmasters  of  their  own.  [See 
"  Outlying  Chicago  Post-Offices."]  The  central  or  general  office  is  located 
in  the  business  portion  of  the  city.  It  has  eleven  carrier  stations  and  twenty 
sub-postal  stations,  distributed  at  various  points  within  said  jurisdiction. 
The  force  employed  consists  of  about  769  regular  carriers,  200  substitute 
carriers,  842  regular  clerks,  sixty  substitute  clerks,  and  about  90  persons  in 
charge  of  Sub  Stations  and  Stamp  Agencies,  making  a  total  of  1701  paid 
employes.  Of  this  force,  105  carriers,  57  horses  and  52  wagons  are  employed 
in  the  collection  of  the  mail  from  the  street  letter-boxes. 

Branch  Offices. — The  city  branch  post-offices,  or  sub-stations,  are  located 
as  follows  :  North  Division  Station,  355  and  359  N.  Clark,  N.  W.  corner  of 
Oak,  Supt.  Theodore  Stemming;  Northwest  Station,  51 7  Milwaukee av.,Supt. 
W.  L.  Householder;  West  Division  Station,  W.  Washington,  cor.  S.  Halsted, 
Supt.  John  Davy  ;  West  Madison  Street  Station,  981  W.  Madison,  Supt.  R.F. 
Taylor;  Southwest  Station,  543  Blue  Island  ave.,  Supt.  John  Vanderpoel;  South 
Division  Station,  3217  State,  Supt.  Joseph  Harvey  ;  Cottage  Grove  Station, 
3704  Cottage  Grove  ave.,  Supt.  Peter  H.  Witt ;  Stock  Yard  Station,  S.  Hal- 
sted cor.  42d,  Supt.  Frank  H.  Ketchum  ;  Lake  View  Station,  1353  Diversey 
ave.,  Supt.  Hbnry  Bonnefoi ;  Humboldt  Park  Station,  1576  Milwaukee  ave., 
Supt.  Henry  Spink  ;  Hyde  Park  Station,  142  Fifty-third,  Supt.  H.  A. 
Phillips.  Sub-Postal  Stations :  Twenty-second  Street  Station,  86  Twenty- 
second,  Supt.  E.  F.  Brooks  ;  Ogden  Avenue  Station,  324  Ogden  ave.,  Supt. 
Wm.  E.  Waite. 

City  Delivery. — Free  delivery  of  letters  by  faithful  carriers  will  be  secured 
by  having  the  letters  addressed  to  the  street  and  number. 

Closing  of  Foreign  Mails— Foreign  visitors  will  be  guided  by  the  following 
rules  of  the  closing  of  mails:  Mails  for  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  dispatched 
in  closed  bags  as  follows:  Sundays,  Mondays  and  Thursdays  via  New  York, 
close  4  P.  M.  For  Denmark,  Norway  and  Sweden,  dispatched  in  closed 
bags,  Sundays,  Mondays  amd  Thursdays  close  4  p.  M.  For  Germany,  dis- 
patched in  closed  bags,  Mondays  and  Thursdays.  For  China,  Japan,  New 
Zealand,  Australia,  Sandwich  Islands,  Fiji  Islands,  Samoa,  and  special 
addressed  matter  for  Siam,  close  daily  at  2  p.  M.,  sent  to  San  Francisco  for 
dispatch  in  closed  bags  from  that  office.  Note:  Mails  for  countries  not 
named  above  close  daily  4  p.  M.  and  are  sent  to  New  York  for  dispatch  in 
the  closed  bags  from  that  office.  For  Canada,  Province  Ontario  and  Quebec, 
close  7  A.  M.  and  8  p.  M.  daily  except  Sunday,  Sunday  5  p.  M.  Hamilton 
(city),  Ontario,  Toronto  (city),  Ontario,  special  despatch  close  daily  at  2:30  P.  M. 
Quebec,  London  special  dispatch  close  daily  10  A.  M.  Mail  for  above  points 
close  Sundays  5  p.  M.  For  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Prince  Edward's 
Island  and  Newfoundland  close  daily  at  8:15  A.  M.  and  7  and  8  P.  M.  For 
British  Columbia  and  Manitoba,  close  daily  at  2  A.  M.  Foreign  postage 
tables  will  be  found  in  the  public  lobbies  of  the  main  and  branch  offices. 
For  Mexico,  close  daily  at  8:15  A.  M,  and  8  P.  M. 


86 


GUIDE   TO    CIICAGO. 


Increase  of  Business. — The  following  shows  the  business  of  the  Chicago 
Post-office  for  the  five  years  ending  Jan'y  1,  1892,  and  the  probable  increase, 
providing  the  same  ratio  is  maintained  for  the  five  years  ending  June  30, 
1895: 


GROSS  REVENUE. 

GKOSS  DISBURSE- 
MENTS. 

Amount. 

Increase 
per  cent. 

Amount. 

Increase 
per  cent. 

1885 
1836    

$1,930,363 
2,0;  6,274 
2,226,841 
2,470,439 
2.7S4,304 
H,126,?40 
3,445,75? 

'  '  '  f-'.o 

10.0 
11.0 
12.7 
12.3- 
10.2 

$    726,860 
769,441 
8^6,146 
868,782 
964,418 
1,131,474 
1,2,17,832 

6.9 
8.7 
3.9 
11.0 
17.3 
9.4 

1887  

1888  

1889  

189!)    

1891  

COMING  FOUR  YEARS. 


18!)  i                                            

|    $3,797,233 

10.2    1  1 

$1  354  188| 

9  4 

1893  

4  184  539 

10  2    II 

1  481  4811 

9  4 

1894  

4,611,361 

10.2 

1,620,740 

94 

1895  

5,081,198 

10.2    1 

1,773,0491 

94 

In  this  table  the  rate  of  increase  is  estimated  by  the  same  method  adopted 
in  reference  to  the  New  York  office.  But,  unless  all  expectations  prove  delu- 
sive, the  increase  in  the  receipts  of  the  Chicago  office  will  far  outrun  these 
figures.  It  would  not  surprise  any  observer  of  the  growth  of  Chicago  and 
the  expansion  of  its  business,  if  these  should  be  so  accelerated  during  the 
next  two  years  from  natural  causes  and  by  reason  of  the  World's  Fair  that 
the  receipts  of  this  post-office  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893  should  bound 
up  to  $6.000,000.  In  that  event,  which  is  entirely  within  probability,  the 
urgency  for  increased  post-office  accommodations  to  take  care  of  such  busi- 
ness is  50  per  cent,  greater  here  than  in  New  York,  for  our  local  office  is 
already  accomplishing  more  with  proportionately  less  facilities  and  expendi- 
tures than  is  the  New  York  office. 

Inspector's  Department. — Located  Room  93  of  Post-office  building: 
Inspector,  James  E.  Stuart,  in  charge  of  Chicago  Division,  comprising  the 
States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota  and  Dakota.  Assis- 
tants :  Angrew  Irle,  Miss  Lenore  Mooney,  Herbert  Towlson.  The 
Inspector  in  charge  has  fifteen  Inspectors  under  his  supervision  with  10,000 
postmasters  and  their  innumerable  employes  to  look  after.  All  cases  of 
irregularities,  depredations  or  violations  of  postal  laws,  should  be  reported  to 
the  Inspector.  [There  is  a  very  general  misconception  of  the  duties  of  the 
Inspector.  He  is  in  reality  the'  personal  representative  of  the  Postmaster- 
General.  To  him  is  submitted  all  matters  concerning  the  management  of 
Post  Offices,  the  establishment  of  new  Offices,  the  plans  of  new  buildings,  the 
bonds  of  Post  Musters,  the  fitness  of  applicants,  etc.,  etc.  The  work  on  dep- 
redations is  but  a  small  part  of  the  volume  of  business  done  bvtlie  Inspectoral 
Chicago.  Major  James  E.  Stuart,  the  present  Inspector  at  this  point,  has 
been  connected  with  the  department  for  fifteen  years,  and  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  most  efficient  officers  in  the  service. 


CHICAGO    AS   IT   IS.  87 

International  Money  Order  System. — Orders  can  be  obtained  upon  any 
money-order  office  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Germany,  Austria,  Belgium, 
Holland,  Denmark,  Sweden,  Norway,  Switzerland,  Italy,  Canada,  France, 
Algeria,  Japan,  Portugal,  The  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  Jamaica,  New  Zealand, 
New  South  Wales,  Hungary,  Egypt,  and  Hong  Kong,  India  and  Tasmania, 
Queensland,  Cape  Colony,  The  Windward  Islands  and  the  Leeward  Islands  for 
any  sum  not  exceeding  $50  in  United  States  currency.  No  singleorder  issued 
for  more  than  $50.  Parties  desiring  to  remit  larger  sums  must  obtain  addi- 
tional money-orders.  There  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  orders  in  the  Inter- 
national Money-order  System.  The  fees  for  all  International  Money-orders, 
are  on  ordersnot  exceeding  $10 — 10  cents ;  over  $10  and notexceeding  $20 — 
20  cents ;  $20  and  not  exceeding  $30 — 30  cents  ;  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40 — 
40  cents  ;  $40  and  not  exceeding  $50 — 50  cents. 

Mail  Train  Service. — There  are  289  mail  trains  arriving  and  departing  from 
the  city  daily,  excepting  Sunday  ;  of  these  trains  174  have  railway  post-offices 
attached,  in' which  362  clerks  are  daily  employed  in  the  distribution  of  the 
mails  while  in  transit.  In  addition  to  this  number  of  railway  clerks,  a  force 
of  thirty-three  clerks  employed  by  the  Chicago  post-office  is  sent  out  on  the 
night  trains  to  the  meeting  point  of  incoming  railway  post-office  trains,  on 
which  they  return  to  distribute  and  make  up  the  mail  for  the  main  office  and 
stations,  for  immediate  delivery  by  carriers  upon  arrival.  This  system  of 
quick  delivery  of  incoming  mails  was  instituted  by  the  present  postmaster. 
Col.  James  A.  Sexton.  By  this  method  sixty -five  to  seventy  per  centum  of 
the  mails  received  during  the  twenty-four  hours  is  placed  upon  the  counters 
of  banks  and  business  houses  in  the  business  portion  by  9  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  There  are  110  separate  mails  closed  daily  for  despatch,  the  first 
close  being  made  at  3:20  A.  M.,  and  the  last  at  10:30  p.  M.  A  corresponding 
number  of  mails  is  received  daily.  There  are  also  used  daily  1,014  leather 
bags,  and  2,930  canvas  bags  in  conveying  the  mails  to  and  from  the  post- 
office  and  railway  trains.  The  weight  of  the  empty  bags  alone  amounted  to 
3,249,253  pounds  for  the  year.  The  headquarters  of  the  6th  Division  Rail- 
way Mail  Service,  comprising  the  States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and 
Wyoming  Territory,  are  located  in  Chicago.  In  this  division  886  railway 
clerks  are  employed  in  the  distribution  of  the  mails  on  the  cars.  During  the 
year  ending  June  30. 1891,  these  clerks  traveled  139,435,380  miles.  The  Division 
of  Post-office  Inspectors,  comprising  the  States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin, 
Michigan,  Minnesota  and  the  two  Dakotas,  have  their  headquarters  here. 

Officers  of  the  Post-office  — The  principal  officers  of  the  post-office  are : 
Postmaster,  James  A.  Sexton;  Assistant  Postmaster,  John  M.  Hubbard; 
Supply  Clerk,  J.  W.  Ward;  Record  Clerk,  John  Matter;  Superintendent 
of  mails,  John  A  Montgomery,  Private  Secretary,  Horace  H.  Thomas; 
Cashier,  Charles  Catlin;  Book-keeper,  T.  R.  Melody;  Superintendent  of  City 
Delivery,  M.  J.  McGrath ;  Superintendent  Money  order  Division,  H.  P. 
Thompson  ;  Superintendent  of  Registry  Division,  R.  T.  Howard. 

Outlying  Chicago  Post-offices. — There  are,  aside  from  the  general  post-office 
and  its  branches  in  the  different  divisions  of  the  old  city,  fifty-eight  separate 
and  distinct  post-offices  within  the  corporate  limits  of  Chicago,  as  follows: 
Argyle  Park,  corner  Winthrop  avenue  and  Argyle  street;  Auburn  Park, 
corner  Seventy-ninth  and  Wright  streets;  Avondale,  corner  of  Kenzie  and 
Belmont  avenues;  Bowmanville,  Lincoln  avenue,  near  Fifty-ninth  street; 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Buena-Park,  opposite  railroad  station  of  lhat  name;  Burnside  Crossing,  cor- 
ner Cottage  Grove  and  Lyon  avenues;  Calumet,  Clinton,  near  Eighty-ninth 
street;  Central  Park,  4131  West  Lake  street;  Cheltenham,  159  Cheltenham 
place;  Chicago  Lawn,  corner  Sixty-third  street  and  Central  Park  avenue; 
Colehour,  10301  Avenue  K;  Cragin,  opposite  railroad  station  of  that  name; 
Crawford,  Butler  avenue,  near  Twenty-fourth  streeet;  Cummings,  Torrence 
avenue,  near  One  Hundred  and  Seventh  street;  Dunning,  corner  of  Cherry 
street  and  Irving  Park  boulevard;  Edgewater,  on  Chicago  &  Evanston  rail- 
road; Elsdon,  Fifty-first  street,  near  Trumbull  avenue;  Englewocd,  6211 
Wentworth  avenue;  Englewood  Heights,  corner  Eighty-ninth  and  Page 
streets;  Forest  Glen,  corner  Elston  and  Forest  Glen  avenues;  Forest  Hill, 
corner  Seventy -ninth  and  Robey  streets;  Gano,  corner  One  Hundred  and 
Sixteenth  and  Dearborn  streets;  Grand  Crossing,  corner  Seventy-fifth  street 
and  Wilson  avenue;  Havelock,  corner  Front  street  and  Cemetery  avenue. 
Hegewisch,  13303  South  Chicago  avenue ;  Herinosa,  Armitage  street,  near 
Keeney;  High  Ridge,  corner  Weber  avenue  and  Chicago  &  North-Western 
railway;  Irving  Park,  Charles  avenue,  near  Irving  Park  boulevard;  Jefferson, 
Milwaukee  avenue,  near  Maynard  street;  Judd,  corner  Ninety-third  street 
and  Washington  avenue;  Kensington,  Kensington  avenue,  near  Front  street; 
Linden  Park,  corner  Robinson  avenue  and  Einzie  street;  Mandell,  corner 
West  Forty-eighth  and  Harrison  streets;  Maplewood,  corner  of  Evergreen 
and  Maplewood  avenues;  Mayfair,  St.  James  street,  near  Franklin;  Mont 
Clare,  at  the  railroad  station  of  that  name;  Moreland,  corner  West  Forty- 
eighth  and  Kinzie  streets;  Pacific,  at  the  railroad  station  of  that  name;  Park 
Manor,  6760  South  Chicago  avenue;  Parkside,  Stony  Island  avenue,  near 
Sixty-ninth  street;  Pullman,  corner  Morse  avenue  and  One  Hundred  and 
Twelfth  street;  Ravenswood,  east  of  Ravenswood  park,  near  Wilson  avenue; 
Riverdale,  corner  Indiana  avenue  and  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  street; 
Roseland,  corner  Michigan  avenue  and  Union  street;  Simons,  Kimball  ave- 
nue, near  Bloomingdale  road;  South  Chicago,  9150  Commercial  avenue; 
South  Englewood,  corner  Vincennes  avenue  and  Halsted  street;  South 
Lynne,  Sixty-fifth  street  and  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad;  Sum- 
merdale,near  Fifty-ninth  street  and  Ravenswood  park;  Washington  Heights; 
Wildwood,  Indiana  avenue,  near  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-third  street; 
Woodlawn  Park,  corner  Sixty-third  street  and  Illinois  Central  railroad. 

Post-office  Bvilfling. — Located  on  the  square  bounded  by  Adams  street 
on  the  north,  Jackson  street  on  the  south,  Dearborn  street  on  the  east  and 
Clark  street  on  the  west,  in  the  heart  of  the  business  center,  within  easy  walk- 
ing distance  of  all  the  great  hotels,  railroad  depots  and  street  car  terminals. 
The  erection  of  the  building  was  commenced  in  1871,  after  the  great  fire,  in 
which  the  old  post-office  building,  northwest  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Mon- 
roe streets,  where  the  First  National  Bank  building  now  stands,  was 
destroyed.  Architecturally  and  mechanically  the  structure  is  a  failure. 
Although  costing  in  the  neighborhood  of  $5,000,000,  it  has  been  an  eyeaore 
to  the  people  of  Chicago,  a  perfect  blot  upon  the  architectural  beauty  of  the 
city,  and  inconvenient,  inadequate  and  unsafe  for  the  purposes  to  which  it  is 
dedicated.  When  erected  it  was  supposed  to  be  large  enough  to  meet  the 
demands  of  the  Chicago  postal  service  for  fifty  years  to  come.  Inside  of 
ten  years  it  proved  to  be  too  small.  The  building  as  it  stands  to-day  is 
hardly  worth  a  description.  The  visitor,  however,  will  be  interested  in 
walking  through  it,  because  of  the  immense  volume  of  business  conducted 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS.  80 

there,  and  the  bustling  crowds  to  be  met  with  in  the  corridors.  A  new  post- 
offlce  to  cost  between  $5,000,000  and  f  6,000,000  will  shortly  take  its  place. 
Whether  the  same  site  will  be  occupied  is  not  definitely  settled  at  this  writ- 
ing. The  building  is  also  occupied  by  the  Custom-house  officers  and  the 
United  States  courts. 

Postal  Notes. — Postal  notes  for  sums  not  exceeding  $4.99  will  be  issued  on 
payment  of  a  fee  of  three  cents  each.  These  notes  are  made  payable  to 
bearer  at  any  money  order  office  in  the  United  States  which  the  purchaser 
may  designate. 

Railway  Mail  Service. — Room  83  Postofflce  building.  Superintendent  of 
Sixth  Division,  L.  L.  Troy;  Asst.  Supt.,  E.  L.  West. 

Railway  Post-offices. — Railway  post-offices  are  established  on  all  lines  from 
Chicago.  These  offices  run  upon  nearly  all  trains,  and  letters  may  be  mailed 
at  the  cars  up  to  the  moment  prior  to  the  departure  of  the  trains.  Stamps  of 
the  denomination  of  two  cents  may  be  had  at  the  cars. 

Rates  of  Postage. — The  letter  rate  of  postage  is  two  cents  for  each  ounce, 
or  fraction  thereof,  throughout  the  United  States  and  Dominion  of  Canada. 
The  postage  on  letters  dropped  in  the  office  for  delivery  in  the  city  is  two 
cents  per  ounce.  All  letters  must  be  fully  prepaid  by  stamps.  The  following 
classes  of  letters  are  not  advertised:  Drop  letters,  box  letters,  letters  directed 
and  sent  to  hotels  and  thence  returned  to  the  post-office  as  unclaimed;  letters 
returned  from  the  dead-letter  office  to  writers,  and  card  request  letters;  circu- 
lars, free  packets,  containing  documents,  speeches,  and  other  printed  matter. 
N.  B. — A  request  for  the  return  of  a  letter  to  the  writer  within  thirty  days  or 
less,  written  or  printed  with  the  writer's  name,  post-office  and  State  across 
the  left-hand  side  of  the  envelope,  on  the  face  side,  will  be  complied  with. 
Such  letters  will  be  returned  to  the  writer  free  of  postage. 

Mail  Matter  of  the  Second  Class. — This  class  embraces  newspapers  and 
)ther  periodical  publications,  issued  not  less  than  four  times  a  year,  from  a 
inown  office  of  publication,  and  bearing  a  date  of  issue,  and  which  have  no 
iloth,  leather,  or  other  substantial  binding.  Such  publications  must  have  a 
legitimate  list  of  subscribers,  and  must  not  be  designed  primarily  for  adver- 
tising purposes,  or  for  free  circulation.  The  rate  of  postage  on  second-class 
wiatter,  when  sent  from  the  office  of  publication  (including  sample  copies),  or 
v;hen  sent  from  a  news  agent  to  actual  subscribers,  or  to  other  news  agents, 
is  one  cent  per  pound,  or  fraction  thereof;  but  if  sent  by  any  other  than  the 
publisher,  or  a  news  agent,  is  one  cent  for  each  four  ounces,  or  fraction 
hereof. 

Mail  Matter  of  the  TJiird  Class. — This  class  embraces  transient  news- 
papers and  periodicals,  books  (printed),  photographs,  ciiculais,  proof-sheets, 
and  corrected  proof-sheets  with  manuscript  copy  accompanying  the  same, 
and  all  matter  of  the  same  general  character,  as  above  enumerated.  The  rate 
of  postage  is  one  cent  for  each  two  ounces,  or  fractional  part  thereof, 
except  on  transient  newspapers  and  periodicals  of  the  second  class,  which 
will  be  one  cent  for  each  four  ounces,  or  fraction  thereof. 

Mail  Matter  of  tlie  Fourth  Ckus. — This  class  embraces  labels,  patterns, 
playing  cards,  addressed  tags,  paper  sacks,  wrapping  paper, and  blotting  pads, 
with  or  without  printed  advertisements  thereon,  bill  heads,  letter  heads, 
envelopes  plain,  or  printed  addresses  thereon,  ornamented  paper,  and  all 


90  GUIDE   TO   CHCAGO. 

other  matter  of  the  same  general  character.  Thisclass  also  includes  merchan- 
dise and  samples  of  merchandise,  models,  samples  of  ores,  metals,  minerals, 
seeds,  &c.,  and  any  other  matter  not  included  in  the  first,  second  or  third 
classes,  and  which  is  not  in  its  form  or  nature  liable  to  damage  the  contents 
of  the  mail  bag,  or  harm  the  person.  Postage  rate  thereon,  one  cent  for 
each  ounce,  or  fraction  thereof. 

Receipts  and  Revenues  of  t/ie  Chicago  Post-office. — The  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements of  the  Chicago  oilice  and  sub  stations  (exclusive  of  the  fifty-eight 
outlying  post-offices)  for  the  year  1891  show  a  net  profit  of  $2,500,000,  an 
increase  of  $500,000  over  the  year  1890.  During  the  same  period  the  mail 
matter  dispatched  from  the  Chicago  office  amounted  to  33,065,063  pounds,  or 
336,894,627  pieces,  a  large  increase  over  the  previous  year,  while  the  number 
of  registered  articles  handled  and  not  included  in  the  above  amounted  to 
3,282,585  pieces,  an  increase  of  184,599  pieces  over  the  year  1890.  In  addition 
to  this,  the  number  of  money-order  transactions  reached  1,917,689,  aggrega- 
ting a  sum  of  $20,396.166,  an  increase  over  the  year  1890  of  $1,107,219  in  that 
department  of  the  office  alone.  The  amount  of  mail  in  transit  through  the 
city  of  Chicago  and  transferred  from  incoming  to  outgoing  trains  is  estimated 
to  have  reached  the  enormous  bulk  of  62,600  tons  for  the  year,  an  increase 
over  the  year  1890  of  35,225  tons. 

Receipts  for  1S91. — The  receipts  of  the  Chicago  post  office  for  1891  were 
$3,679,265,  as  against  $3,318,889  for  1890 ;  percentage  of  increase  101  per 
cent. 

Registry  Department. — Letters  can  be  registered  to  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  upon  payment  of  a  fee  of  ten  cents  in  addition  to  the  regular  postage. 

Salaries  of  Officers. — Postmaster,  $6,000  per  annum;  assistant  postmaster, 
$3,000;  the  superintendent  of  the  city  delivery,  $2,700;  the  superintendent  of 
mails,  $2.700;  the  superintendent  of  the  money  order  department,  $2,400;  the 
superintendent  of  the  registry  department,  §2,400  ;  the  cashier,  $2,600  ;  the 
accountant,  $1,700  per  annum;  clerks,  from  $800  to  $1,200,  according  to  length 
of  service;  carriers,  from  $600  to  $1,000,  according  to  length  of  service. 

United  States  Money  Order  System. — The  Fees  for  Money-orders  are  :  On 
orders  not  exceeding  $5 — Scents;  over  $5  and  not  exceeding  $10 — Scents; 
over  $10  and  not  exceeding  $15 — 10  cents  ;  over  $15  and  not  exceeding  $30 — 
15  cents  ;  over  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40—20  cents  ;  over  $40  and  not  exceed- 
ing $50 — 25  cents  ;  over  $50  and  not  exceeding  $60- -30  cents  ;  over  $60  and 
not  exceeding  $70—35  cents  ;  over  $70  and  not  exceeding  $80 — 40  cents  ;  over 
$80  and  not  exceeding  $100—45  cents  ;  no  fraction  of  cents  to  be  introduced 
in  the  order.  No  single  order  issued  for  more  than  $100.  Parties 
desiring  to  remit  larger  sums  mast  obtain  additional  money-orders.  No 
applicant,  however,  can  obtain  in  one  day  more  than  three  orders  payable  at 
the  same  office  and  to  the  same  payee. 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

The  public  schools  of  Chicago  are  conducted  under  the  supervision  of  a 
board  of  education,  which  consists  of  male  and  female  members,  appointed 
by  the  mayor,  and  who  are  about  equally  divided  politically.  The  executive 
department  is  in  charge  of  a  superintendent,  eight  assistant  superintendents, 


CHICAGO    AS    IT   IS. 


a  Supervisor  and  assistant  supervisor  of  evening  schools*  a  clerk,  an  attorney, 
school  agent,  business  manager,  chief  engineer,  auditor,  assistant  clerk,  assist- 
ants to  business  manager,  stenographers  and  .type-writers,  and  manager 
and  assistants  in  supply  department. 

City  and  County  Public  Schools. — The  following  is  a  summary  of  miscel- 
laneous statistics,  compiled  by  the  county  superintendent  of  schools,  from 
the  reports  of  township  trustees  for  1889-1890.  It  contains  later  statistics  of 
the  city  public  schools  than  any  issued  by  the  Chicago  Board  of  Education: 


MISCELLANEOUS  ITEMS. 

Chicago. 

County 
excluding 
Chicago. 

Whole 
County. 

No.  ungraded  schools  

131 

131 

No.  graded  schools  

180 

67 

2il 

No.  high  schools  .... 

12 

5 

16 

'Whole  No.  schools  

192 

193 

C98 

Average  No.  of  months  schools  sustained  

9.10 

8  4 

9 

Ch  ildren  under  21  years  

473,234 

429  1«4 

516  138 

Between  6  and  21  years  

289,483 

28,171 

317  604 

No.  in  graded  public  schools  

146,751 

10,890 

146,441 

4  460 

4  460 

No  enrolled  in  private  schools  

6'?,713 

3,8P6 

66'  6(9 

Total  in  public  and  private  schools  

198,264 

19,246 

217,510 

11  415 

No.  teachers  in  public  schools      

3,%9 

409 

3,251 

1,164 

145 

1,809 

No  unable  to  rend  or  write         .             

2,599 

36 

2,635 

Principal  of  township  funds  

$    911,8  4 

$  2<M,536 

$1,116,371 

Total  district  tax  levy  

4,250,000 

367,457 

4,617,457 

Bonded  school  debt  

2,036.000 

364,659 

2,400,650 

Estimated  value  township  fund  lands  

3,963,  "31 

942,211 

4.9C5.440 

Cook  County  Normal  ScJiool. — Situated  on  Stewart  avenue,  near  Sixty- 
seventh  streets.  Post-office  address,  Englewood,  Cook  county.  Take  train 
at  Van  Buren  street  depot,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  streets.  An  institution 
for  the  higher  education  of  public  school  graduates  desirous  of  becoming 
teachers. 

Compulsory  Education. — There  is  a  compulsory  education  law  in  force  in 
this  State,  the  provisions  of  which  would  require  too  much  space  to  set  forth. 
In  effect,  however,  it  provides  that  all  children  between  the  ages  of  seven  and 
fourteen  years  shall  be  in  some  school  for  at  least  sixteen  weeks  of  each  year. 
It  does  not  insist  upon  attendance  at  public  schools.  They  may  be  public, 
private,  T  parochial,  but  the  law  flatly  states  that  all  children  who  are  able 
must  be  at  school  somewhere  for  the  time  specified.  Reasonable  exceptions 
are  made,  of  course,  and  are  observed  at  the  discretion  of  the  truant  agents. 
The  process  of  picking  up  a  child  from  the  streets  and  placing  him  in  school 
is  called  by  the  agents  "an  investigation."  About  20,000  investigations  were 
made  m  the  school  year  1890-91.  Over  11,200  children  were  placed  in  school 
and  the  others  were  excused  for  proper  causes.  The  amount,  of  work  done 
showed  a  great  increase  over  that  of  the  previous  year.  During  the  entire 
nine  months  of  the  school  year  of  1889,  there  were  but  a  few  over  8,000  inves- 
tigations, and  less  than  3.000  children  were  placed  in  schools. 


92 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


Receipts  and  Expenditures. — Summary  of  receipts  and  expenditures  In 
districts,  as  shown  by  reports  of  township  treasurers  for  1889-1890: 


RECEIPTS. 

Chicago. 

Excluding 
Chicago. 

Whole 
County. 

Balance  in  hands  township  treas.  July  1  

$     82,374 

$    405,374 

$1  297  749 

State,  county  and  townsnip    funds  distributed  by 
trustees  

462,347 

2931 

484  278 

Special  district  taxes  received  

2,581,456 

375350 

2956  806 

44  674 

44  f>74 

Temporary  loans  and  other  sources  

310503 

31  768 

312'272 

Total  

4  246,682 

878,993 

5  125682 

EXPENDITURES. 

Paid  to  teachers    

2  021  779 

294,511 

t  316  291 

N  ew  school  houses  

68H,373 

86,175 

774  548 

39  79J 

12084 

51  874 

Repairs  and  improvements    

241,116 

36  891 

278  008 

School  furniture  and  apparatus  

48,276 

11,504 

59  780 

.Libraries  

9,882 

57,521 

433397 

Paid  district  clerks  

27,377 

2,208 

29585 

Paid  on  district  bonds  .  . 

77,500 

47,631 

125  130 

Paid  interest  on  district  bonds  

105,583 

25,488 

131  089 

Miscellaneous            

151,667 

211,149 

362  817 

Total                             

$3,787,222 

$    785,413 

$4  572,635 

Balance  in  treasurer's  hands  due  district  

459,460 

936,865 

653,046 

Total  

$4,246,682 

$    878,499 

$5,135,682 

Manual  Training  in  tlie,  Public  Schools. — The  Chicago  English  High  and 
Manual  Training  School,  for  instruction  in  the  mechanical  arts,  was  opened 
in  August,  1890,  and  occupies  the  large  public  school  building  on  West 
Monroe  street,  near  Halsted  street.  This  school  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  city  board  of  education.  Albert  R.  Robinson  is  the  principal.  In  grade  the 
manual  training  school  ranks  with  the  high  schools,  and  no  student  is  admit- 
ted until  he  hag  passed  through  the  grammar  grade.  Promotion  cards 
entitling  the  holder  to  be  admitted  to  the  ordinary  high  school  will  admit 
him  also  to  the  polytechnic  school.  A  full  term,  three  years'  course,  has  been 
laid  down,  and  when  the  student  has  completed  this,  he  will  be  graduated 
with  honors  and  a  diploma,  the  same  as  if  he  had  gone  through  the  high 
school.  Three  years  aero  the  school  board  decided  to  provide  a  manual  train- 
ing course  of  study.  Those  who  desired  to  take  advantage  of  the  study  were 
excused  from  certain  branches  in  the  high  school  and  went  to  the  training 
school  at  noon  to  take  the  lessons.  In  1889  there  were  about  seventy-five  stu- 
denls  in  the  manual  training  classes,  but  the  division  of  work  between  this 
and  the  high  school  was  far'from  satisfactory  to  the  board,  and  hence  the  old 
scheme  was  abolished,  and  the  necessary  step  was  taken  to  launch  the  new 
school.  The  previous  work  had  gone  no  deeper  than  working  in  wood.  Now 
all  of  the  departments  are  added.  Blacksmith  forges  are  placed  in  the  base- 
ment, and  all  the  machinery  is  located  on  that  floor  also.  The  first  floor  it 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS.  93 

given  up  to  the  wood-working  trades,  while  the  upper  floors  are  utilized  by 
the  classes  in  English,  mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences.  There  is  a 
course  in  commercial  law  and  practical  book-keeping,  and  every  effort  is 
made  to  send  each  student  away  with  a  sufficient  knowledge  both  of  busi- 
ness aad  the  trades  to  help  him  in  almost  any  line  of  work  which  it  may  be 
his  lot  to  follow.  By  glancing  over  the  curriculum  below  it  will  be  seen  that 
none  of  the  essential  high-school  branches  are  neglected.  The  idea  is  to 
combine  the  practical  and  theoretical  as  far  as  possible.  The  Latin  and 
Greek  branches  are  lopped  off  the  regular  high-school  course  as  well  as  some 
of  the  higher  sciences,  such  as  geology,  astronomy,  biology,  etc.  Professor 
Clafliu  has  six  assistants,  all  skilled  in  the  different  arts.  A  new  building 
(3  stories)  for  use  as  a  workshop  ha§  been  erected  during  the  past  year  to 
accommodate  the  increased  attendance. 

Free  Night  Schools.— The  term  of  the  night  schools  is  three  mo»ths  every 
winter  preceding  the  holidays.  The  total  enrollment  at  the  above  schools  last 
winter  was  about  12,000.  New  schools  and  new  branches  of  study  are  added 
every  year.  The  Board  of  Education  is  paying  more  attention  and  attaching 
more  importance  to  free  might  instruction  now  than  ever  before. 

Physical  Culture  in  the  Public  Schools. — When,  Nov.  4,  1885,  the  Board 
of  Education  appointed  Henry  Suder,  instructor  at  the  North  Side  Turner 
Hall,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Normal  Training  School,  of  Milwaukee,  as  a 
special  teacher  of  physical  culture,  it  was  a  test.  Prof.  Suder  had  only  four 
schools  to  teach  then — the  old  Douglas  on  the  South  Side,  the  Brown  and 
King  schools  on  the  West  Side,  and  the  Lincoln  on  the  North  Side.  The 
pupils  became  at  once  interested  in  the  new  departure,  and  the  teachers  were 
quick  to  notice  an  improvement  in  the  discipline  and  mental  work  of  their 
classes.  In  1886  the  board  extended  the  physical  culture  classes  to  all  the 
grammar  schools  in  the  city,  and  eight  special  teachers  were  appointed  to 
assist  Prof.  Suder.  In  January,  1889,  the  system  was  introduced  into  all  the 
primary  departments  of  the  city,  and  four  teachers  were  added  to  the  physical 
culture  staff.  In  the  following  May,  exercises  were  commenced  in  the  North, 
South,  and  West  Division  high  schools,  Henry  B.  Camann,  a  graduate  of  the 
Milwaukee  Normal  Training  School,  being  appointed  to  conduct  the  classes 
in  those  schools.  In  addition  to  Prof.  Suder  and  Mr.  Camann,  the  following 
teachers  comprise  the  physical  culture  staff:  Grammar  Schools — Herman 
Hein,  Oscar  Weinbrod,  August  Zapp,  William  Kopp,  Henry  Hartung,  Alvin 
Kindervater,  OttoGreubel,  F.  D.  Brasius;  Primary  Schools — Ernst  Hibbeler, 
F.  L.  Jaho,  Alfred  E.  Belitz,  Carl  Graner,  Charles  Cobelli,  Joseph  Grund- 
hofer  and  Mr.  Ferdinand  Rheil.  In  the  primary  schools  the  pupils  are  exer- 
cised in  calisthenics  only.  These  exercises  consist  of  simple  muscular  move- 
ments of  the  arm  and  foot,  arm  and  trunk,  trunk  and  foot,  and  marching  and 
breathing  exercises.  The  arrangement  is  such  that  all  parts  of  the  body  are 
brought  into  play  during  the  lesson.  In  the  grammar  schools  smooth  wooden 
wands,  an  inch  in  diameter  and  three  feet  long,  and  wooden  dumbbells,  shel- 
laced, having  a  combined  weight  of  one  pound,  and  eleven  inches  long,  are 
used  as  an  aid  to  the  physical  training  of  the  scholars.  Wand  and  dumbbell 
exercises  are  practiced  once  a  week  in  all  the  grammar  schools,  and  once  a 
week  the  pupils  are  put  through  calistheuic  exercises.  It  is  in  the  North, 
South,  and  West  Division  high  schools  that  physical  culture  is  most  practiced 
and  appreciated.  The  high  schools  have  more  facilities  to  practice,  and  the 
pupils  enjoy  the  physical  culture  lessons  because  they  are  a  relaxation,  if  noth- 
ing else.  Mondays  and  Thursdays  of  each  week  Mr.  Camann  visits  the  South 
Division  high  school  and  instructs  the  classes  between  the  hours  of  9:45  a.  m. 
and  1:15  p.  m.  The  assembly  hall  on  the  top  floor  is  an  admirable  place 


GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO; 

for  the  exercises  to  be  held  in,  and  a  piano  gives  a  zest  and  spirit  to  the  move- 
ments, which  are  lacking  iu  the  other  schools.  Light  clubs  are  also  used  in 
the  South  Division  high  school,  and  form  the  most  picturesque  of  all  the 
exercises.  Mr.  Camann  takes  two  or  three  rooms  at  a  time,  marshals  the 
scholars,  who  number  from  80  to  120,  and  gives  them  one  hour's  practice. 
Fridays  he  visits  the  West  Division  high  school,  where  there  is  an  assembly 
hall  similar  to  the  one  on  the  South  Side,  and  drills  the  scholars  for  three 
hours.  Wednesday  is  the  physical  culture  day  at  the  North  Division  high 
School.  In  the  Northwestern  high  school  one  of  the  grammar  school 
instructors  devotes  Tuesdays  to  exercising  the  first-year  pupils.  The  cost  of 
maintaining  the  physical  culture  branch  in  the  schools  is  not  great.  The 
salary  list  for  eighteen  teachers  amounts  to  $17,200  per  year. 

Public  School  Buildings. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the  public  school 
buildings  of  Chicago,  with  names  and  locations: 

NORTH  DIVISION  HIGH  SCHOOL — Wendell  and  Wells  sts. ;  NORTHWEST 
DIVISION  HIGH  SCHOOL — Augusta  st.  and  Hoyne  are.;  SOUTH  DIVISION 
HIGH  SCHOOL — Twenty-sixth  st.  and  Wabash  ave.;  WEST  DIVISION  HIGH 
SCHOOL— 8.  Lincoln  st.  and  Ogden  ave.;  ANDERSON — 520  N.  Lincoln,  near 
WestDivisionst.;  ARMOUR  STREET — Armour  st.  and  Bickerdike  square;  BUR- 
LING— N.  E.  corner  Center  st. ;  BLUE  ISLAND  AVENUE — 490  Blue  Island  ave. ; 
BOULEVARD— Armitage  ave.  and  Humboldt  bid. ;  BRAINARD— 587  Washbourne 
pl.;BRENAN — 9535  Lime  St.,  near  Archer  ave.;  BRIGHTON — Thirty-sixth,  W.  of 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.  track;  BRIGHTON  PARK— Thirty-fifth  and  Lincoln  sts.; 
BROWN — Warren  ave.,  between  Wood  and  Page  sts;  BURR — N.  Ashland  and 
Wabansia  aves. ;  CALHOUN — 1277  W.Jackson  st.;  CALIFORNIA  AVENUE — 1119 
California  ave.;  CALUMET  AVENUE — 2643  Calumet  ave.;  CARPENTER — N. 
Center  ave.  and  W.  Huron  st. ;  CENTRAL  PARK — Walnut  st.  and  Kedzie  ave. ; 
CLARKE — S.  Ashland  ave.  and  Thirteenth  st.;  COLUMBUS— Augusta,  between 
Hoyne  ave.  and  Leavitt  St.;  COOPER — 625  W.  Nineteenth  st.;  CRAWFORD— 
Twenty-fifth  st.  and  Delaware  ave.  DEARBORN — 768  Clybourn  ave;  Doo- 
LITTLE— 109  Thirty-fifth  st. ;  DORE — 217  W.  Harrison  st. ;  DOUGLAS— Forest 
ave.  and  Thirty-second  St.;  EMERSON — Walnut  and  Paulina  sts.;  FOSTER — 
441  South  Union  st. ;  FRANKLIN — Sedgwick  and  Division  sts.;  FROZBEL — 
853  W.  Twenty-first  st;  GARFTELD — Johnson  and  Wright  sts;  GEORGE  H. 
THOMAS  —  High  st.  and  Belden  ave.;  GOODRICH — Brown  and  Taylor  sts. ; 
GRANT — 994  Wilcox  ave,;  HANCOCK — S.  Fairfield  ave.  and  Twelfth  st. ;  HAR- 
RISON— 133  Twenty-third  et.;  HAVEN — 1470  Wabash  ave.;  HAYES — N.  Leavitt 
and  Walnut  sts. ;  HEADLEY — Lewis  st.  and  Garfield  ave. ;  HEALY — 3035  Wal- 
lace st. ;  HENDRICKS — York  and  Laflin  sts. ;  HOFFMAN  AVENUE — Hoffman  and 
Milwaukee  aves.;  HOLDEN — Deering  and  Thirty-first  sts.;  HUMBOLDT — 920 
N.  California  ave. ;  HURON  STREET — Huron  and  Frank  sts. ;  IRVING — 45  Lex- 
ington ave.;  JEFFERSON — Nebraska  and  Laflin  sts. ;  JONES — Third  ave.  and 
Harrisonst. ;  KEITH — Dearborn  and  Thirty-fourth  sts. ;  KING — Harrison  st.  and 
Western  ave. ;  KINZIE— Ohio  st.  and  La  Salle  ave. ;  KOSCIUSKO — W.  Division 
and  Cleaver  sts.;  LANGLAND — 121  Cortland  st. ;  LA&ALLE — Hammond  and 
Eugenie  sts.;  LAWNDALE — S.  Central  Park  ave.  and  Twenty-fifth  st.; 
LINCOLN  STREET — W.  Ohio  and  Lincolnsts. ;  LOGAN — Rhine  and  Bremen  sts  ; 
LONGFELLOW — 688  Throopst.;  MANIERRE — 100  Hudson  ave.;  MAPLEWOOD 
— Diversey  st.  and  California  ave;  MARQUETTE — 297  S.  Wood  st. ;  MCALLIS- 
TER— Thirty -sixth  and  Gage  sts.;  MCCLELLAN — Wallace  and  Thiity -fifth  sts.; 
MONTEFIORE — Sangamon  and  W.  Indiana  sts. ;  MOSELEY — Michigan  ave.  and 
Twenty-fourth  st.;  MOTLEY — Snell  st.  and  W.  Chicago  ave.;  MULLIGAN — 


CHICAGO   AS  IT  IS.  95 

Sheffield  ave,,  between  Clay  and  Willow  sts.;  NEWBERRY —  Willow  and 
Orchard sts.;  OAK  STREET— 85  Oak  St.;  OAKLEY — N.  Oakley  ave. and W.  Ohio 
st.;  OGDEN — Chestnut,  between  Dearborn  ave.  and  North  State  st. ;  PEARSON 
— W.  Pearson  and  N.  Market  sts. ;  PICKARD — Hinman  st.  and  S.  Oakley  ave.; 
POLK  STREET— 195  W.  Polk  st.;  RAYMOND — Wabash  ave.  and  Eda  st. ; 
ROGERS — 65  W.  Thirteenth  St.;  SCAMMON — S.  Morgan  and  Monroe  sts.;  SHEL- 
DON— N".  State  and  Elm  sts.;  SHERIDAN — 627  Twenty -seventh  st.;  SKINNER — 
W.  Jackson  and  Aberdeen  sts  ;  TALCOTT — W.  Ohio  and  Lincoln  sts;  THOMAS 
HOYNE — Illinois  and  Cass  sts.;TriROOP — 626  Throopst. ;  TILDEN— W.  Lake 
and  Elizabeth  sts.;  TILTON — W.  Lake  and  W.  F.,rty-fourth  sts.;  TILTON 
branch — Mailer,  near  W.  Forty-eighth  st. ;  TILTON  branch — 4005  W.  Har- 
rison st;  VEDDER  STREET — Vedder,  near  Larrabee  st. ;  VON  HUMBOLDT — Rock- 
well and  Hirsch  sts. ;  WALSH — W.  Twentieth  and  Johnson  sts. ;  WARD — 
Shields  ave.  and  Twenty  seventh  sts.;  WASHBOURNE — 220  W.  Fourteenth  st.; 
WASHINGTON — Morgan,  between  Erie  and  W.  Ohio  sts. ;  WEBSTER — Went- 
worthave.  and  Thirty-third  st.;  WELLS — N.  Ashland  ave.  and  Cornelia  st.; 
WICKER  PARK — 153  " Evergreen  ave.;  WILLIAMS  AVENUE — Williams  and 
Tinkham  aves. 

The  Board  of  Education  expended,  during  1890,  about  $320,000  on  the 
Clarke,  Longfellow,  Foster,  Carpenter  and  Hedges  schools,  new  schools  on 
Maplewood,  Campbell  and  Belden  aves.  and  Wright  St.,  and  completed 
the  Horace  Mann.  The  Hammond,  Mulligan  and  George  H.  Thomas 
schools  were  begun  in  1889,  on  which  have  been  expended  about  $250,000. 
About  $20,000  was  expended  on  schools  in  the  annexed  districts  and  for  sun- 
dry needs. 

Revenue  of  the  Public  Schools. — The  revenue  of  the  public  schools  varies 
from  year  to  year,  because  of  the  changes  (generally  increases)  in  the  tax 
levies  for  school  purposes,  and  for  other  reasons.  The  last  report  of  the 
board  of  education,  however,  gives  the  following  statement  of  revenues, 
which  will  serve  as  an  example:  School  Fund — From  rentals  of  School  Fund 
land,  $512,036,30;  from  State  dividend, $136,313.06;  from  interest  on  principal 
of  School  Fund,  $45,800.04;  refunded  by  school  districts,  annexation  of  1887, 
$19,453  38;  tuition  of  non-resident  pupils,  $1,275.00;  to  correct  errors  in 
teachers'  pay-rolls,  $238  10;  unclaimed  pay  of  canvassers  of  school  census 
of  1888,  $62.62;  total  on  account  of  School  Fund,  $715,178.50.  School 
Tax  Fund — On  account  of  taxes  of  1887  and  previous  years,  $918,472.16; 
ou  account  of  tax  of  1883,  $1,200,078.26;  total  on  account  of  School  Tax 
Fund,  $2,118,550.42.  Miscellaneous  sources — From  sale  of  old  furniture,  old 
lead,  steam-pipe,  old  iron,  stoves,  etc.,  $2,100.64;  from  rebates  on  special 
assessments,  $9,495.88;  from  sale  of  old  buildings,  $1,256,00;  from  forfeited 
deposit  of  contractor,  $117.00;  total  from  miscellaneous  sources,  $12,969.52; 
total  actual  cash  receipts,  $2,846,698.44. 

Salaries  of  School  Employes. — The  following  are  the  salaries  of  school 
employes  of  the  City  of  Chicago,  corrected  up  to  the  spring  of  1892. 
SUPERINTENDENTS: — Superintendent  of  Schools,  $5,000;  Two  Assistant  Sup- 
erintendents of  Schools,  each,  $4  000  ;  Six  Assistant  Superintendents  of 
Schools,  each,  $3,500.  SUPERVISOHS  AND  TEACHERS  OF  SPECIAL  STUDIES. — 
German. — Supervisor  of  German,  $2,500;  Assistant  Supervisor  of  German, 
$1,800.  Drawing.— Supervisor  of  Drawing,  High  Schools,  $2,200;  Super, 
visor  of  Drawing,  Grammar  and  Primary  Grades,  $2,400;  Assistant  Super- 
visor of  Drawing,  Grammar  and  Primary  Grades,  $1,800;  Two  Assistant 


96  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Teachers,  each,  $1,600;  Three  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $1,200;  One  Assist- 
ant Teacher,  $1,000;  One  Assistant  Teacher,  $160.  Kinging. — Supervisor  of 
Singing,  Grammar  Grades,  $2,400;  Supervisor  of  Singing.  Primary  Grades, 
$2,050  Two  Assistant  Teachers,  Grammar  Grades,  each,  $1,700;  One  Assist- 
ant Teacher,  Grammar  Grades,  §1,400;  One  Assistant  Teacher,  Primary 
Grades,  $1,500;  Five  Assistant  Teachers,  Primary  Grades,  each,  $1,200. 
Physical  Culture. — Supervisor  of  Physical  Culture,  §2,100;  One  Assistant 
Teacher,  High  Schools,  $1,200;  Eight  Assistant  Teachers,  Grammar  Grades, 
each,  $1,000;  Six  Assistant  Teachers,  Primary  Grades,  each,  $900;  One 
Assistant  Teacher,  half  time,  §500.  Deaf  Mute  Day  Schools.— Principal,  $1,100; 
Two  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  §700;  Three  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $550. 
Waifs'  Mission. —  One  Teacher,  $650.  HIGH  SCHOOLS.  —  Principal  West 
Division  High,  $2,800;  Five  Principals,  each,  $2,600;  Five  Principals,  each. 
$2,500,  One  Principal,  §1,600;  Twelve  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $2,000; 
Eleven  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $1,800;  Eighteen  Assistant  Teachers,  each, 
$1,600;  Seventeen  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  §1,500;  Nine  Assistant  Teachers, 
each,  $1,400;  Eight  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $1,300;  Twenty-eight  Assistant 
Teachers,  each,  $1,200;  Two  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $1,100;  Nineteen 
Assistant  Teachers,  each,  §1,000;  Four  Assistant  Teachers,  each,  $900;  One 
Assistant  Teacher,  $800;  One  Assistant  Teacher,  $750;  Two  Assistant 
Teachers,  part  time,  each,  $600;  One  Assistant  Teacher,  part  time,  $500. 

PRINCIPALS  OF  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS.  First  Group. — Principals  of  the 
Brighton,  Brown,  Burr,  Carpenter,  Clarke,  Doolittle,  Douglas,  Franklin, 
Garfleld,  Lake  View  No.  2,  Marquette,  Moseley,  Raymond,  Skinner,  Walsh 
and  Wells  schools,  each  $2,500  per  annum.  Also  the  following-named  prin- 
cipals, at  a  salary  of  $2,500  per  annum  each:  Laura  D.  Ayres,  Charles  F. 
Babcock,  George  C.  Bannan,  Erastus  A.  Barnes,  Will  J.  Bartholf,  Homer 
Bevans,  Louis  J.  Block,  Henry  C.  Cox,  Emma  M.  C.  Greenleaf,  Nellie  Har- 
dick,  Henry  D.  Hatch,  Frank  S.  Heywood,  Lucia  Johnston,  Kate  S.  Kellogg, 
Cephas  H.  Leach,  Albert  R.  Robinson,  Corydou  G.  Stowell,  John  H.  Tear, 
A.  Henry  Vanzwoll,  Mary  M.  T.  Walsh,  Andrew  J.  Wood.  Second 
Group. — Principals  of  the  Calhouu,  Hayes,  Jones,  Kershaw,  Lake  View  No.6, 
McClellan,  Oakley  and  Sheridan  schools,  each  $2,200  per  annum.  Second 
Group,  Second  Section. — Principals  of  the  Central  Park,  D.  S.  Wentworth, 
Goodrich,  Graham  (Lake),  Harvard,  Keith,  Lewis,  Lake  View  No.  7,  Logan, 
Pullman  (Lake),  Pullman  (Calumet),  Sherman  and  Tilden  schools,  each  $2,000 
per  annum  for  the  first  year  of  service  as  principals  of  schools  in  this  group; 
$2,100  per  annum  for  the  second  year  of  service,  and  $2,200  per  annum  for 
the  third  and  subsequent  years  of  service.  Third  Group. — Principals  of  the 
Doran,  Fifty-fourth  Street,  Hancock  (old  city),  Headley.Hendricks  (Lake), 
Lake  View  No.  1,  Lake  View  No.  3,  Lake  View  No.  4,  Lawndale,  O'Toole, 
Scammon,  Sherwood  and  Thomas  Hoyne  schools,  each  $1,700  per  annum  for 
the  first  year  of  service  as  principals  of  schools  in  this  group;  $1,800  per 
annum  for  the  second  year  of  service;  $1,900  per  annum  for  the  third  year  of 
service;  $1,950  per  annum  for  the  fourth  year  of  service,  and  $2,000  per 
annum  for  the  fifth  and  subsequent  years  of  service.  Fourth  Group. — Prin- 
cipals of  the  Brighton  Park,  Colraan,  Fallon,  Farren,  Forestville,  Hammond, 
Hancock  (Lake),  Maplewood,  Oakland  No.  2  and  Pacific  schools,  each  $1,400 
per  annum  for  the  first  year  of  service  as  principals  of  schools  in  this  group; 
$1,500  per  annum  for  the  second  yearof  service;  $1,600  per  annum  for  the  third 
year  of  service  and  $1,700  per  annum  for  the  fourth  and  subsequent  years  of 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  IS.  97 

service.  Fifth  Group. — Principals  of  the  Amerson,  Brownell,  Carter,  Cornell, 
Cummings,  Duncan  Avenue,  Gallistel,  George  H.  Thomas,  Greenwood 
Avenue,  Hartigan,  Kelvyn  Grove,  Kensington,  Madison  Avenue,  Phil  Sheri- 
dan, Roseland,  Ryerson,  Shurtleff,  Springer,  Sulzer  Street,  Taylor  and  Wood- 
lawn  schools,  each  $1,200  per  annum  for  the  first  year  of  service  as  principals 
of  schools  in  this  group;  $1,300  per  annum  for  the  second  year  of  service,  and 
$1 ,400  per  annum  for  the  third  and  subsequent  years  of  service.  The  salaries 
of  the  principals  of  the  George  H.  Thomas  and  Greenwood  Avenue  schools 
to  commence  January  1, 1891,  on  the  salary  of  the  third  year  of  this  group 
($1,400).  The  salary  of  the  principal  of  the  Roseland  school  to  commence 
January  1,  1891,  on  the  salary  of  the  second  year  of  this  group  ($1,300). 
Sixth  Group. — Principals  of  the  Avondale,  Park  Side,  Scanlan  and  Webster 
(S.  C.)  schools,  each  $1,050  for  the  first  year  of  service  as  principals  of  schools 
in  this  group;  $1,100  per  annum  for  the  second  year  of  service,  and  $1,200  per 
annum  for  the  third  and  subsequent  years  of  service.  The  salary  of  the 
principal  of  the  Park  Side  school  to  commence  January  1,  1891,  on  the  salary 
of  the  second  year  of  this  group  ($1,100). 

Ungrouped  Schools. — Principal  of  Irving  Park  school,  $1,800;  principal 
of  Oakland  school,  No  1,  $1,800;  principal  of  Tilton  school,  $1,800;  principal 
of  Washington  Heights  schools,  $1,300  per  annum. 

PRINCIPALS  OF  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS.  First  Group. — Principals  of  the 
Arnold,  Cooper,  Foster,  Healy,  Hoffman  Avenue,  Jefferson,  Longfellow, 
Manierre,  Montefiore,  Motley,  Mulligan,  Oak  Street,  Polk  Street,  Rogers, 
Talcott,  Washburne  and  Wicker  Park  Schools,  each  $1,400  per  annum  for  the 
first  year  of  service  as  Principals  of  Schools  in  this  group;  $1,450  per  annum 
for  the  second  year  of  service;  and  $1,500  per  annum  for  the  third  year  of 
service;  and  $1,600  per  annum  for  the  fourth  and  subsequent  years  of  service. 
Second  Group. — Principals  of  the  Brenan,  Grant  Langland,  McAllister,  Pear- 
son Street,  Pickard,  Vedder  Street  and  Ward  Schools,  each  $1,400  per  annum 
for  the  first  year  of  service  as  Principals  of  Schools  in  this  group;  $1,460  per 
annum  for  the  second  year  of  service;  and  $1,500  per  annum  for  the  third  and 
subsequent  years  of  service.  Third  Group. — Principals  of  the  Boulevard, 
Calumet  Avenue,  Columbus,  Horace  Mann,  Huron  Street,  Kinzie,  Kosciusko 
and  Sheldon  Schools,  each  $1,250  per  annum  for  the  first  year  of  service  as 
Principals  of  Schools  in  this  group;  and  $1,350  per  annum  for  the  second  and 
subsequent  years  of  service.  Fourth  Group. — Principals  of  the  Hedged,  Ken- 
wood, South  Halsted  Street  and  Wolcott  Street  Schools,  each  $1,100  per  an- 
num. Fifth  Group. — Principals  of  the  Andersenville,  Blue  Island  Avenue, 
Bowrnanville,  Buckley,  Burnside,  Garfield  (Lake),  Hoerner,  J,  L.  Marsh,  J. 
N.  Thorp,  Jefferson  Park,  Lake  View  No.  5,  Oak  Ridge,  Park  Manor,  River- 
dale,  Rose  Hill  and  West  Roseland  Schools,  each  $1,050  per  annum.  ASSIST- 
ANTS TO  PRINCIPALS.  Assistants  to  Principals,  each  $1,100  per  annum.  HEAD 
ASSISTANTS.  Grammar  Schools.  Who  have  served  less  than  five  years  in  such 
capacity,  each  $900  per  annum;  who  have  served  between  five  and  ten  years 
in  such  capacity,  each  $950  per  annum;  who  have  served  ten  years  or  over 
in  such  capacity,  each  $1,000  per  annum.  Primary  Schools. — Who  have 
served  less  than  five  years  in  such  capacity, each  $850  per  annum;  who  have 
served  between  five  and  ten  years  in  such  capacity,  each  $900  per  annum; 
who  have  served  over  ten  years  iu  such  capacity,  each  $950  per  annum. 

SALARIES  OF  MALE  ASSIST  ANT  TEACHERS.  Andrew  Wilson,  Andrew  Engel, 
Burn§jde School,  each,  $750; Michael M.Byrne,  Richard  H.  Stryker,  Martin  G,- 


98  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Henchy,  Glaus  H.  Claussen,  Doran  School,  each,  $800;  Robert  H.  Rennie, 
Augustus  Haley,  Andrew  B.  Combs,  John  C.  Pickens,  Harvaid  School,  each, 
$800;  David  L.  Murray,  D.  S.  Wenthworth  School,  $1,000;  George  W. 
Miller,  Irving  Park  School,  $800;  Fred.  W.  Kingsley,  William  J.  Tinen, 
Irving  Park  School,  each  $775;  Joseph  Barnabee,  Cummings  school,  $800; 
Richard  J.  Bicktrdike,  Avondale  school,  $800  per  annum.  ASSISTANT 
TEACHERS  IN  PRIMARY  GRADES.  For  the  first  year  of  service,  $400;  for  the 
second  year  of  service,  $475;  for  the  third  year  of  service,  $575;  for  the  fourth 
year  of  service,  $650;  for  the  fifth  year  of  service,  $700;  for  the  sixth  and 
subsequent  years  of  service,  $775  per  annum.  ASSISTANT  TEACHERS  IN  GRAM- 
MAR GRADES.  For  the  first  year  of  service,  $450;  for  the  second  year  of  ser- 
vice, $525;  for  the  third  year  of  service,  $600;  for  the  fourth  year  of  service, 
$650;  for  the  f  ft  i  year  of  service,  $700;  for  the  sixth  and  subsequent  years  of 
service,  $775  i  er  annum.  Second  Teachers  in  Half-Day  Division  to  receive 
$50  per  annum  less  than  the  rates  paid  Assistants  in  Primary  Grades.  Three 
Reserve  Teachers  at  a  salary  of  $700  each  per  annum.  All  changes  in  salary 
to  take  place  at  the  commencement  of  the  school  month  succeeding  the  expira- 
tion of  the  year's  service.  SUBSTITUTES.  Four  Substitutes  to  be  employed  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Superintendent,  at  a  compensation  of  $4.00  each  for  each 
day  of  actual  service.  Other  Substitutes  to  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  $1.50  per 
day  for  each  day  of  actual  service.  CADETS.  All  candidates  for  positions  as 
Teachers,  who  hold  partial  certificates  of  qualifications  to  teach  in  the  Chi- 
cago Public  Schools,  issued  by  the  Board  of  Education,  who  have  been  in 
regular  service  in  the  Schools  for  two  mouths  aa  Cadets,  and  who  have  shown 
such  proficiency  as  to  satisfy  the  Superintendent  that  they  are  desirable  as 
Teachers,  shall,  upon  his  recommendation,  receive  a  compensation  of  75  cents 
per  day,  for  each  day  of  actual  service  in  such  capacity.  After  a  service  of 
six  months  as  Cadets,  they  shall  receive  a  compensation  of  $1.25  per  day. 

Estimate  of  Expenditures  for  1892. — The  estimated  expenditures  of  the 
Board  of  Education  for  the  year  1892  aggregate  $5,996,084,  as  f ollov  s:  For 
s  ilaries  of  superintendent  and  teacbeis  in  the  primary  and  grammar  grades, 
exclusive  of  teachers  of  special  studies,  on  basis  of  salaries  of  1891,  $2,230,- 
825;  less  estimated  revenue  of  school  fund  ($480,000),  $1,750,325;  tuition  of 
pupils  at  Cook  County  Normal  School,  $7,500;  evening  schools,  $110,000; 
school  libraries,  $2,500;  supplementary  reading,  $20,000;  rebinding  books, 
$1,000;  text  books  for  indigent  pupils,  $5,000;  maps,  charts,  globes,  etc., 
$2,500;  payments  toward  pianos,  $1,500;  Expenses  Columbian  Exprsition, 
$10,000;  sundries,  $750;  salaries,  office  employees,  attorney,  and  school 
agent,  $45,000;  salaries,  engineers  and  janitors,  $255,000;  school  supplies, 
chalk,  etc.,  $50,000;  school-house  supplies,  $15,000;  fuel,  $110,000;  printing 
proceedings,  etc.,  $12,000;  supplies  for  sewing  for  40,000  pupils,  $5,000; 
material  for  manual  training,  $1,500;  school  sites,  $200,000;  new  buildings, 
$1,765, 000;  permanent  improvements,  $100,000;  general  repairs, $200, 000;  beat- 
ing apparatus,  $100,000;  apparatusand  furniture, $50, 000;  rentals  of  branches, 
$45, 000;special  assessments,  $40, 000;  incidentals,  $45, 000;  leeal  expenses,  $250; 
support  of  high  schools  other  than  manual  training,  $272.500;  support  of 
English  high  and  manual  training,  $50,000;  drawing — salaries  and  supplies, 
$35,000;  music — salaries  and  supplies,  $30,000;  German — salaries  and  sup- 
plies, $170,000;  physical  culture,  $28,OrO;  compulsory  education,  $25,000; 
school  census,  $15,000;  due  contracts,  less  balance  of  appropriation  '91,  $145,- 
036— $165616;  payment  of  bonds,  interest,  and  orders,  $80,500  Total, 
$5,821,441.  Loss  in  collection  and  costs,  $174,413,  Total  estimate, '92, 
$5,996,084. 


CHICAGO   AS   IT  IS.  99 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

Occupies  entire  fourth  floor  of  the  City  Hall  (excepting  council  chamber). 
Was  founded  in  1872.  The  library  contained  on  January  1st,  Id92,  171,709 
volumes,  and  the  collection  is  increasing  by  purchase  and  donation  at  the 
rate  of  somewhat  over  10,000  volunms annually.  Its  literary  treasures,  many 
of  which  can  not  be  duplicated  at  any  cost,  are  at  the  lowest  estimate  valued 
at  $275,000.  With  an  annual  circulation  and  consultation  of  over  1,500,000 
volumes,  it  leads  the  circulation  of  the  free  public  libraries  of  the  country. 
At  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889  it  received  the  distinguished  honor  of  an 
award  of  a  gold  medal,  on  an  exhibit  consisting  of  the  annual  report,  finding 
liats  and  a  volume  showing  in  detail  the  administration  of  the  library  in  every 
department.  A  readjjag-room  is  maintained,  which  last  year  was  patronized 
by  500,000  visitor,  450,000  periodicals  being  given  out  across  the  counter. 
There  are  also  reference  departments,  including  general,  patent  and  medical, 
which  are  consulted  by  thousands  of  people  in  search  of  special  knowledge, 
annually. 

A  Cosmopolitan  Collection, — There  is  not  a  more  cosmopolitan  place  in 
the  city  thuu  the  library  rooms.  It  is  a  place  where  the  people  of  all  nations 
from  a  wide  circuit  around  come  for  their  reading  matter.  The  library  iscom- 
posed  of  books  in  all  languages,  selected  with  the  greatest  care.  Naturally,  the 
English  tongue  predominates,  but  every  foreign  and  classic  language  is  well 
represented  on  its  shelves.  As  a  result,  the  library  assumes  a  cosmopolitan 
phase,  because  it  is  so  extensively  patronized  by  the  people  of  so  many  dif- 
ferent nationalities.  The  method  of  securing  new  books  is  simple.  The 
librarian  really  does  the  selecting.  The  lists  prepared  by  him  are  placed  in 
the  hands  of  a  proper  committee,  who  either  indorse  or  modify  thelibrarian's 
choice,  and  the  amended  list  is  finally  voted  upon  by  the  board.  That  the 
majority  of  the  reading  public  who  look  to  the  library  rely  greatly  upon  it, 
is  proven  by  the  many  applications  made  daily  for  the  new  books  they  have 
heard  about  or  read  about  in  the  newspapers.  The  fact  also  proves  that  this 
city  is  the  home  of  intelligent,  wide-awake  people,  who  wish  to  keep  abreast 
of  contemporaneous  thought  and  literature. 

Administration  and  Cost  of  Maintenance. — The  Board  of  Directors  con- 
sists of  nine  members,  of  which  three  are  appointed  annually  for  a  term  of 
three  years.  The  Secretary  of  the  Board  is  W.  B.  Wickersham.  Frederick 
H.  Hild,  the  librarian,  has  three  assistants,  namely,  E.  F.  L.  Gauss,  first 
assistant,  Elizabeth  A  Young  and  KateM.  Henneberry.  There  are  forty -three 
atttendents  regularly  employed  in  the  day  service  of  the  library,  and  twelve 
in  the  evening  service.  With  five  janitors,  one  night  watchman,  one  electric- 
ian, one  expressman,  the  total  number  of  persons  in  the  employ  of  the  Library 
is  ninety.  The  amount  expended  for  salaries  last  fiscal  year  was  $51,440.54, 
which  included  $2,787  paid  for  the  transportation  of  books  to  and  from  the 
delivery  stations.  t,The  total  cost  for  the  maintenance  of  the  library  for  the  year 
was  $102,869.19.  The  estimated  expenses  of  the  Library  for  1892  are  as  fol- 
lows :  Salaries,  $57,000;  books,  $16,000;  binding,  $7,000;  heating  and  light- 
ing, $5,000  ;  delivery  stations,  $12,000  ;  newspapers  and  periodicals,  $4,000  ; 
printing  and  stationery,  $2,000;  finding  lists,  $1,000;  incidentals,  $2,51)0; 
furniture  and  fixtures,  $2,500  ;  rent  of  reading-rooms,  $3,000.  In  addition 


100  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

to  these  suras,  there  is  a  tix  levy  of  $400,000  for  building  purposes,  being  the 
second  of  a  series  of  annual  levies  covering  a  period  of  five  years. 

Branch  Delivery  Stations. — The  most  notable  feature  of  the  development 
of  the  library  during  the  year  has  been  the  establishment  of  four  branch 
reading-rooms.  The  first  of  these  was  opened  in  December  and  the  other 
three  at  short  intervals  since  that  time.  A  fifth  room  will  be  ready  durirfg 
the  present  month.  The  location  of  these  rooms  and  the  average  attendance 
and  number  of  periodicals  issued  is  as  follows  : 

Monthly.       Sun- 
average         il'iy 
periodicals  attend- 
Vixitors.       issued.         anee. 

No.  1.— No.  12<)4  Milwaukee  avenue 4.719          4.973  210 

No.  2.— No.  625  Forty-third  street 1,840          3,433  145 

No.  3.— No.  341  Clybourn  avenue 1,715         -a,^C  173 

No.  4.— No.  164  Fifty -third  street 1,708  ....  30 

The  estimated  annual  cost  of  maintenance  of  these  rooms  is  $2,500  each, 
which  includes  rent,  service,  light  and  heat,  cost  of  periodicals  and  janitor 
service.  The  rooms  are  open  daily  to  the  public  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M., 
and  Sunday  from  10  A.  M.  to  10  p.  M. 

There  are  now  employed  in  the  service  of  (he  library  eighty-nine  persons. 
The  amount  expended  for  salaries  was  $51,440.54.  There  were  sent  to  the 
five  binderies,  with  which  the  library  had  contracts,  15,190  volumes,  and 
there  were  repaired  in  the  library  14,875  volumes.  The  amount  expended  for 
binding  was  $6,786.41.  The  annual  inventory  shows  134  volumes  unaccoun- 
ted for.  Of  the  135  books  reported  missing  last  year  26  have  since  been  found. 

Character  of  Books. — A  classified  analysis  of  the  entire  number  of  volumes 
in  the  library  shows  that  English  prose  fiction  leads  in  popularity,  there 
being  27,570  volumes  in  that  department  alone.  In  tlie  department  of  Ger- 
man literature  are  found  18,057  volumes.  French  literature  follows  with 
8,225  volumes.  Some  general  idea  of  the  character  of  the  entire  collection 
may  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  among  the  classes  well  represented  are 
those  of  history;  biography;  travels;  poetry  and  drama;  essays  and  miscel- 
lanies; polygraphy  and  collected  works;  fine  arts;  natural  sciences;  practical 
arts  (including  patents);  political  and  social  science;  language  and  literature; 
mental  and  moral  science;  ancient  classics;  religion;  medicine;  law;  period- 
icals and  newspapers;  Government  documents  and  State  papers;  bibliography; 
dictionries  and  encyclopedias;  English  prose  fiction;  juvenile  literature;  Ger- 
man, French,  Italian,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Dutch,  Bohemian  .Polish,  Russian 
and  Scandinavian  literature.  The  largest  number  of  books  issued  on  any 
one  day  in  1890  was  5,272,  on  February  24th.  On  the  same  day  there  were 
used  in  the  other  departments  1,799  volumes,  making  a  total  of  7,071  vol- 
umes, which  is  the  largest  circulation  reported  for  any  one  day  in  the  history 
of  the  Library. 

Delivery  Stations.— The  number  of  delivery  stations  was  increased  by 
seven  during  the  la^t  year,  making  a  total  of  twenty-four  stations  now  in  oper- 
ation. Of  these  six  are  located  in  the  North  Division,  six  in  the  South 
Division,  and  twelve  in  the  West  Division.  There  were  issued  from  these 
stations  294,880  volumes,  an  increase  of  94,623  over  the  number  reported  for 
the  preceding  year.  Four  wagons  are  required  to  transport  the  books  for  the 
delivery  stations  to  and  from  the  main  library,  and  two  daily  deliveries  are 
made  to  each  of  the  stations  except  the  Irving  Park  and  Ravenswood  sta- 
tions. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

PULLMAN  BUILDING,  MICHIGAN  AVE.  AND  ADAMS  ST. 

[See  "  Great  Industries."] 


CHICAGO  AS  IT  IS.  101 

Circulation  of  Books. — The  aggregate  circulation  of  books  in  all  depart- 
ments of  the  library  compared  with  the  circulation  of  the  preceding  year 
was  as  follows: 


1891, 

1890. 

Home  circulation  (main  library)  

(543,022 

640,378 

Home  circulation  (delivery  stations)  

294,880 

5Jol,267 

Issued  to  public  schools  .  . 

3746 

2  336 

Keterence  department  

327,616 

331,81,* 

Medical  department  (closed  July,  1  90)  

1  176 

26,376 

Patent  department  

19,477 

18,319 

Total  

1  290  614 

1  220  479 

The  Circulating  Department  was  open  for  the  delivery  of  books  308  days, 
The  daily  average  number  of  books  issued  for  home  use  was  8.095,  against 
2,749  for  the  preceding  year.  The  largest  number  issued  on  anyone  day  was 
5,291,  February  24;the  smallest  number  1,727,  July  li.  The  amount  received 
for  fines  on  delinquent  books  was  $5,350.88,  or  $497.13  more  than  was 
received  from  this  source  last  year. 

Condition  of  the  Library  in  1892. — At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the 
Directors  of  the  Public  Library,  Chairman  Shortall  submitted  a  report,  the 
substance  of  which  is  as  follows:  The  number  of  volumes  added  during  the 
year  is  20,078,  making  a  total  of  166,475  volumes,  with  a  total  circulation  of 
1,290,  514, — 942,248  volumes  of  which  were  taken  upon  cards  for  home  use. 
The  number  of  visitors  to  the  reading  room  was  492,837,  and  of  those  to  the 
several  reference  departments,  not  including  the  reading  room,  105,606.  The 
decrease,  some  8,000  from  the  figures  of  last  year  in  the  reference  departments, 
is  attributed  to  the  opening  of  reading  rooms  at  branch  stations,  and  to  the 
discontinuance  of  the  medical  department,  the  contents  of  which  latter  were 
handed  over  to  the  Newberry  Library  at  ils  request  and  at  that  of  the 
original  donors,  with  our  own  concurrence,  and  with  a  view  of  making  the 
same  as  perfect  as  might  be  practicable — the  Newberry  desiring  to  make  such 
a  medical  department  one  of  its  specialties. 

Since  our  last  communication  we  have  under  your  direction  taken  pos- 
session of  Dearborn  Park  for  our  new  building,  having  secured  the  consent  of 
every  owner  of  the  abutting  property  save  one.  this  one  having  promised  to 
sign  when  all  others  had  done  so.  His  consent  will  doubtless  be  added  later. 
A  settlement  has  been  arrived  at  between  this  board  and  the  Soldiers'  Home 
(to  which  latter  was  granted  by  the  Legislature  the  north  quarter  of  this  plot 
of  ground)  upon  a  satisfactory  basis;  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  late  Civil 
War  to  use  and  occupy  as  a  memorial  hall  and  for  other  purposes  of  their 
organization  for  fifty  years,  a  portion  of  the  building  to  be  erected,  with  a 
reversion  thereof  to  the  library — the  library  also  having  a  certain  use  of  the 
Memorial  Hall. 

The  Building  committe  of  the  library  has  begun  the  planning  of  the  inte- 
rior of  the  new  building,  having  called  to  its  aid  most  competent  professional 
assistance,  and  has  completed  the  chief  part  of  that  work — the  basement  and 
first  and  second  stories — and  most  satisfactory.  It  is  designed  to  construct 
the  exterior  of  the  building  so  that  it  shall  be  an  honor  to  the  city,  ethically 
as  well  as  architecturally,  without  profusion  or  meaningless  ornament  on  the 
one  hand,  or  commonplace  simplicity  upon  the  other,  but  aiming  to  convey, 
exteriorly,  that  idea  of  dignity  and  repose  that  should  mark  its  use  and  com- 
pleteness. 


102  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

We  gladly  refer  to  the  bequests  of  our  late  fellow-citizens,  the  Rev.  William 
H.  Ryder  and  Hiram  Kelly.  Mr.  Ryder's  bequest,  amounting  to  $10,000,  has 
been  carefully  invested  for  the  library's  use,  and  according  to  its  terms;  the 
bequest  of  Mr.  Kelly  will  exceed  the  sum  of  $125,000,  as  appears  by  the 
report  of  our  committee,  which  is  also  appended  hereto,  of  date  April  IBlh 
last.  It  is  intended  that  some  special  commemoration  of  those  public-spirited 
gentlemen  may  be  devised  and  their  names  and  generosity  permanently  hon- 
ored within  the  new  building  when  erected. 

We  are  now  entering  upon  a  most  important  step  in  the  life  of  this 
"University  of  the  People,"  the  erection  of  its  own  home,  a  permanent  house 
to  hold  its  treasures;  the  fruition  of  a  hope  that  has  animated  us  so  many 
years.  In  this  we  have  before  the  failurc-s  as  well  as  the  successes  of  many 
others.  *  We  intend,  in  its  construction,  firstly,  that  it  shall  inwardly  subserve 
its  purpose  as  perfectly  as  human  skill  and  foresight  can  design  it,  and. sec- 
ondly, that  it  shall  express  outwardly  such  true  architectural  skill  and  good 
taste  that  it  shall  stand  forever  a  source  of  just  pride  to  those— State,  city, 
and  indvidual — who  have  had  the  honor  of  assisting  in  its  erection,  and  an 
example  to  all  of  the  value  of  a  discriminating,  unselfish,  and  patriotic 
devotion  to  the  public  good. 

Librarian. — The  Librarian  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library  is  Mr.  Freder- 
ick II.  Hild.  He  may  be  addressed  directly  at  the  Library.  The  Secretary 
is  W.  B.  Wickersham. 

New  Library  Building. — The  block  of  ground  formerly  known  as  Dear- 
born Park,  is  reserved  by  the  City  of  Chicago  for  a  great  Public  Librarj 
Building,  the  construction  of  which  will  shortly  be  begun  by  the  laying  of 
the  corner-stone  some  time  in  the  spring,  the  competing  plans  for  the  proposed 
building  being  now  before  the  board. 

Number  of  Volumes. — The  total  number  of  volumes  ?'n  the  library  May  31, 
1891,  was  166,475,  a  net  increase  of  10,232  volumes  over  the  number  reported 
last  year,  which  was  156,243.  The  total  number  of  volumes  entered  in  the 
accession  catalogue  during  the  last  year  was  20,078,  a  larger  number  than 
has  been  added  during  anyone  year  since  1875.  From  this  number  were 
deducted  the  following  items:  Wornout  books,  4,156;  books  lost  and  paid 
for, 268;  transferred  to  the  Newberry  Library,  5,283  volumes  of  medical  and 
musical  books;  books  unaccounted  for  in  the  annual  inventory  of  1889,  108;  ^ 
books  not  recovered  from  delinquent  borrowers  in  1890,  31  volumes.  Of  . 
the  20,078  volumes  added  16,296  were  bought,  1,175  were  donated,  663  were 
bound  periodicals  received  from  the  reading  room,  and  1,944  were  acquired 
from  the  Hyde  Park  Lyceum.  The  amount  expended  for  books  was  $17- 
669.22. 

Percentage  of  Circulation. — The  percentage  of  circulation  for  home  use  in 
each  of  the  seven  classes,  compared  with  the  reports  for  1889  and  1890,  is  as 
follows : 

1891.  18SO.  1889. 

History  and  Biography 10.32  9.70  9.54 

Voyages  and  travels 5.10  4.63  4.56 

Science  and  arts 6.24  6.15  6/0 

Poetry  and  drama "" 3.73  3.12  3.82 

Eng  Lsh  prose  fiction  and  juveniles 62.36  61.77 

Rooks  in  foreign  languages 10.16  11.75  11.25 

Miscellaneous 2.10  2.53  2.86 


CHICAGO   AS   IT   IS.  103 

Reference  Department. — In  the  Reference  Department  326,619  volumes 
were  issued  to  9^,964  readers,  a  slight  decrease  from  the  number  reported 
last  year.  The  classification  of  the  books  consulted  is  as  follows :  Arts  and 
sciences,  16.24  per  cent. ;  history  and  biography,  16.49  percent.;  periodicals 
(bound  volumes),  17.08  per  cent.;  geography  and  travels,  9.70  per  cent.; 
language  and  literature,  9.26  per  cent. ;  encyclopedias,  5.27  per  cent. ;  atlases 
and  statistics  2.23  percent.;  public  documents,  2.44  per  cent.;  bibliography, 
2.58  per  cent.;  miscellaneous,  18.71  per  cent. 

Two- Year  Cards. — The  number  of  persons  holding  two  -year  cards  which 
entitle  them  to  draw  books  from  the  library  for  home  usehas  increased  from 
36,478  to  43,749  during  the  last  year.  The  entire  registration  for  the  year 
was  23,815.  The  number  of  cards  issued  to  males  was  13.357,  to  females 
10,458.  Under  the  new  regulation  permitting  persons  to  obtain  cards  at  the 
delivery  stations  without  calling  at  the  main  library  6,839  cards  were  issued. 
The  greater  number  of  these  were  taken  by  persons  who  had  never  before 
enjoyed  the  benefits  of  the  library. 

Visitors  During  1891.—  The  whole  number  of  visitors  to  the  reading-room 
was  492,837,  to  whom  438,243  periodicals  were  issued,  an  increase  of  56,425  in 
the  number  of  readers  and  of  49,051  in»the  number  of  periodicals  issued  over 
the  report  of  the  preceding  year.  The  average  Sunday  attendance  was  738. 
The  number  of  serials  on  file  was  increased  from  587  to  662  during  the  last 
year.  Of  these  46S  are  classified  as  periodicals,  69  daily  newspapers,  and  125 
weekly  and  special  newspapers  ;  348  are  American  publications,  129  English, 
86  German,  20  French,  42  Scandinavian,  and  37  in  other  languages.  The 
amount  expended  for  periodicals  and  newspapers  was  $2,966.95. 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  BUILDING. 

Building  operations  for  1891. — The  building  operations  in  Chicago  during 
1891  just  closed  were  by  far  the  largest  ever  experienced  in  the  history  of  the 
city.  In  round  numbers  the  amount  of  building  done  in  this  city  during  the 
year  aggregated  $55,000,000.  For  the  year  1890  the  total  amount  of  building 
was  $47,373,209  and  $31,516,000  for  1889.  The  total  number  of  permits 
issued  during  the  last  year  was  $11,476,  against  11,044  in  1890  and 
7,590  in  1889.  The  combined  frontage  of  these  permits  represents 
280,614  feet,  or  about  fifty-three  miles  of  building  frontage.  As  usual,  the 
South  Division,  which  includes  the  business  district,  shows  the  largest  aggre- 
gratecost,  $19,943,800,  as  against  $15,577,500  for  the  year  1890.  In  Hyde 
Park  the  number  of  permits  issued  was  1,990,  against  2,044  in  1890.  The  cost, 
however,  shows  a  decided  increase— $8,505,200,  against  $6,617,400  in  1890. 
The  Western  division  comes  to  the  front  with  a  total  of  3,572  build- 
ing permits  issued,  an  increase  of  565  over  1890,  with  a  combined  front- 
age of  93,020  feet,  and  an  aggregate  cost  of  $13,360,570.  There  were 
1,398  permits  issued  for  Lake  View,  to  cost  $2,850,600,  and  2,931  in  the 
town  of  Lake,  to  cost  $5,625,600.  The  building  of  the  Newberry  library 
swelled  the  total  for  the  North  side.  In  that  division  of  the  city  529  permits 
were  issued,  whose  cost  aggregates  $4,816,000,  as  against  $3,685,000  in  the 


104 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


preceding  year.    It  is  predicted  on  all  sides  that  the  building  operations  dur- 
ing 1892  will  be  as  far  ahead  of  1891  as  that  year  was  ahead  of  1890. 

The  following  indicates  the  great  building  activity  of  1891  as  shown  by  the 
building  permits.  The  totals  given  for  the  years  including  1881  and  1890  are 
from  the  official  figures  of  the  Building  Commissioner.  His  estimate  is  taken 
in  part  for  the  year  1891. 

Building,  Comparative— -The  total  for  last  year  is  far  in  advance  of  any 
preceding  year,  and  represents  the  estimated  outlay  for  the  construction  of 
1 1  500  buildings,  covering  a  frontage  of  over  fifty-one  miles.  The  total 
amounts  of  building  permits  for  each  of  eleven  years  are  given  as  follows: 

1881  $13,467,000    1887  19,778,000 

1883  , 15,842,000    1888 20,3W,000 

1883 17,500,000    1889  25,085000 

1884  20,689,000    1890 47,422,000 

1885 19,624,000    1891  66,360,000 

1886  21,334,000 

New  buildings  erected ;          11,«28 

Feet  frontage 281,654 

Total  cost  $54,010,500 

Total  number  of  buildings  erected  since  1876 67,8t>« 

cost  '     $309,309,379 

"    frontage  '    286  miles. 

Building  Permits  for  1891. — Building  during  1891  showed  an  expected 
increase.  The  totals  inside  the  city  limits  revealed  the  issuance  of  11,582  per- 
mits, for  281,654  feet,  or  about  53  miles  of  frontage,  at  a  cost  of  $54,010,- 
500.  The  character  of  the  buildings  erected  was  far  in  advance  of  any  year 
in  the  history  of  the  city.  Many  of  the  structures  are  the  most  magnificent 
on  earth.  The  following  comparative  table  shows  the  building  permits  issued 
in  1890  and  1891. 


1890. 

1891. 

Months. 

No.  of 
permits 

Feet 
frontage  . 

Cost. 

No.  of 
permits. 

t  -  Feet 
ontage. 

Cost. 

576 

13,556 

$1,320,000 

759 

17,133 

$1  887300 

865 

19,800 

2,226,000 

1,070 

25,786 

2  881  700 

1,329 

29,695 

3,857,600 

960 

24,299 

4  5PO  7(  0 

April        

964 

20,500 

2,767,000 

1,035 

24,386 

4,070  100 

May           .  ."  

1,854 

24,840 

3,388,000 

1,100 

27,481 

4  671  800 

1,064 

21,500 

7,899,900 

1,122 

30,120 

4  786  000 

July    

1,047 

24,570 

•4,789,600 

1,097 

25,147 

4,782,500 

1,038 

24,750 

6,737,000 

1,035 

24,954 

3  711  700 

September  

1,015 

23,442 

.«,676,00') 

1,102 

24,937 

4,324  900 

1,188 

28,890 

4,832.000 

1,137 

27,008 

6  611  000 

November  

824 

16,790 

2,169,700 

759 

18,421 

8,702  700 

588 

12,579 

3,725,  300 

450 

12,000 

3  700000 

Total    

11,583 

260,919 

47,390.000 

11,626 

281,654 

54,010,500 

CHICAGO   AS   IT  IS. 


105 


Real  Estate  Transfers. — The  following  is  the  total  number  and  amount  of 
real  estate  transfers  within  the  city  limits  having  a  consideration  of  $1,000 
and  upward  which  were  filed  for  record  during  the  year  ended  Thursday, 
December  31,  1891: 


MONTH. 

SALES. 

CONSIDERATION. 

January  

2,007 

$12,387  988 

February  

1,589 

10,695  707 

March  

1,8J4 

12,065  120 

April  

2  053 

13,623  598 

May... 

2,<  76 

16,448*826 

June  

1,996 

13,  J56  130 

July  .  .                  

3,77-J 

1  1,754  014 

August  

1,444 

9,093  528 

September    

163 

11,383  472 

October  . 

1,6  0 

9,9^1  056 

November  

1,476 

10.115,088 

December  .... 

1.280 

9,794  319 

Total  for  the  year  1891  

20,800 

140,338,847 

Total  for  the  year  1890  ,  

22,804 

174,172,769 

The  growth  of  Chicago  during  the  last  year  is  something  marvellous,  as 
is  best  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  rents  advanced  and  all  classes  of  residence 
and  flats  are  occupied.  Notwithstanding  the  great  number  of  dwelling  houses, 
apartment  and  office  buildings  erected  during  the  year,  vacant  dwellings  and 
flats  are  very  scarce  and  new  buildings  are  being  occupied  as  fast  as  they  are 
finished. 

Another  feature  of  the  market  during  the  year  1891  is  the  enormous 
growth  of  Chicago  as  a  manufacturing  center.  Manufacturers  from  all 
parts  of  the  country  have  located  in  Chicago,  and  many  more  are  contem- 
plating a  removal  to  this  city,  which  additions  are  bound  to  make  it  the  larg- 
est manufacturing  center  in  the  country.  The  importance  of  this  feature  for 
the  permanent  benefit  and  growth  of  Chicago  can  hardly  be  overestimated. 

Building  Operations  Since  lS76:—¥rom  1876  to  1889  there  were  erected 
in  the  city  37,042  buildings,  covering  a  frontage  of  172  miles,  costing  $176,- 
460,779,  being  an  average  of  3,087  per  year  for  twelve  years,  an  average  of 
14%  milesof  frontage, and  an  average  cost  of  $14  705,065.  The  least  number 
of  buildings  erected  in  any  one  year  was  in  1878,  with  a  frontage  of  about 
six  miles.  The  least  expenditure  was  in  1879.  The  largest  tiansaction  for 
same  period  was  in  1888 — number  of  buildings  4,958,  22  miles  frontage, 
expenditure  $20,360,800.  During  1889  the  number  of  buildings  erected  was 
7,590,  covering  over  34  miles  of  street  frontage  and  costing  $31,516,000. 
The  buildings  erected  in  1890  covered  a  frontage  of  50%  miles.  In  the 
South  Division  1,120  buildings  were  erected,  having  a  frontage  of  29,594 
feet,  and  at  a  cost  of  $15,400,800;  in  the  North  Division  503  buildings,  with  a 
frontage  of  14,055  feet,  costing  $3,681,200;  in  the  West  Division  8,994,  with 
a  frontage  of  91,336  feet,  costing  $13.687,600.  In  Hyde  park  2,052  buildings 
were  erected  with  a  frontage  of  44,481  feet,  costing  $6,624,300.  In  Lake 
2,889  were  erected,  with  a  frontage  of  63,297  feet,  costing  $5,578,100.  Lake 


106  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

View  added  1,051,  with  a  frontage  of  23,518  feet,  costing  $2,350,100.    The 
total  building  transactions  of  Chicago  in  1890  were  as  follows: 

New  bindings  erected 11,636 

Feet  frontage 281,654 

Total  cost $54,010,5(10 

Total  number  of  buildings  erected  since  1876 67,868 

"           cost                                              "        "     $309,309,379 

frontage     '                                     " 5 X86  milep. 

Some  of  the  Great  Buildings  of  1891. — The  Economist ,in  its  annual  edition, 
gave  the  following : 

One  fifth  of  the  total  cost  for  the  year  is  composed  of  22  massive  struct- 
ures, chiefly  office  buildings,  the  majority  of  which  are  well  under  way  and 
nearing  completion,  while  six  for  which  permits  were  issued  during  the  agi- 
tation of  the  subject  of  limiting  the  height  of  buildings  will  not 
be  constructed  for  some  time,  possibly  years.  The  large  buildings  now  in 
process  of  construction  are  as  follows:  The  Unity  at  a  cost  of  $750,000  ; 
Cook  County  Abstract  and  Trust  Company,  $600,000  ;  Ashland  block,  $600,- 
000  ;  German  Opeia  House,  $600,000  ;  the  Newberry  Library,  $500,000  ;  the 
Mecca  apartment  house,  $600,000 ;  the  Venetian,  $300,000  ;  Hopson's  Hotel, 
$250,000  ;  J.  W.Ellsworth's  office  building  at  353  and  359  Dearborn  street, 
$250,000 ;  Chicago  Athletic  Association's  -Club  House,  $200,000 ;  John  M. 
Smyth's  mercantile  building,  "$200,000 ;  American  Express  Company's  Stables 
at  ISebor  and  Clinton  streets,  $200,000.  The  large  buildings  for  which  per- 
mits were  issued,  and  on  which  work  has  not  jet  been  commenced  are  as 
follows  :  The  Marquette,  on  the  site  of  the  Honore  block,  $900,000  ;  Hig- 
gins  &  Furber's,  sixteen-story  store  and  office  building  at  the  southeast  corner 
of  State  and  Washington  streets,  $800,000  ;  D.  E.  Blodgett,  a  twelve-story 
office  structure  on  the  site  of  the  Times  building  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Wash- 
ington street.  $700,000 ;  D.  E.  Bradley,  a  sixteen-story  office  structure  on 
Quincy  and  Jackson  streets,  east  of  Dearborn,  $600,000;  Francis  Barlett's 
sixteen  story  office  building  on  the  south  side  of  Van  Buren  street,  between 
Dearborn  street  and  Plymouth  place,  $600,000  ;  Brooks  estate  on  Dearborn 
street,  north  of  Van  Buren,  sixteen-story  office  building,  $600,000  ;  Byron  L. 
Smith,  sixteen  story  store  and  office  building  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Mich- 
igan avenue  and  Washington  street,  $400,000  ;  William  A.  Giles,  twelve-story 
office  building  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Jackson  street  and  Fifth  avenue, 
$400,000  ;  the  George  A.  Fuller  Company,  a  fourteen-story  mercantile  build- 
ing at  147  and  153  Fifth  avenue,  $400,000 ;  and  Otto  Young,  sixteen-story 
store  and  office  building  at  the  northwest  corner  of  State  and  Madison  streets, 
$288.000;  the  total  involving  an  expenditure  of  $10,738,000. 

Other  notable  buildings  for  which  permits  were  issued  during  1891,  many 
of  which  are  now  completed,  are  as  follows:  The  six-story  store  and  apart- 
ment house  being  erected  by  St.  Luke's  Hospital  at  1423  and  1429  Michigan 
avenue,  at  a  cost  of  $140,000;  estate  of  B.  F.Tobin,  six-story  apartment  house 
at  the  southeast  corner  of  Cottage  Grove  avenue  and  Thirty  third  street,  at  a 
cost  of  $125,000;  B.  Philpot,  four-story  store  and  Hat  buildings  at  the  north- 
west corner  of  Michigan  avenue  and  Thirteenth  street,  $100,000;  A.  Turner, 
a  four  story  apartment  house  at  Forty  seventh  street  and  Ellis  avenue,  $100,- 
000:  John  A.  Lynch,  a  three-story  residence  and  barn  at  562  and  568  North 
State  street,  $100,000;  J.  W.  Oakley,  six  story  warehouse  at  112  and  120 
Michigan  street,  $100,000;  M.  Krause,  six-story  warehouse  at  158  to  168  West 
Randolph  street,  $100,000;  Western  Wheel  Works,  a  five-story  factory  at  127 


CHICAGO    AS    IT   IS.  107 

and  139  Sigel  street,  $80,000;  L.  Wolff  Manufacturing  Company,  to  Deconstruct 
and  add  three  stories  to  the  building  at  91  Dearborn  street,  $75,000;  Frank 
Turner,  five  four  story  and  basement  store  and  flat  buildings  at  1254  and  12581 
North  Clark  street,  $70,000;  Taylor,  Allen  &  Co.,  seven  three-story  houses  at 
5026  and  5088  Washington  avenue,  $70,000;  George  Hankius,  eight  four-story 
flat  buildings  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Twenty -sixth  street  and  Indiana  ave- 
nue, $75,000;  A.  L.  Patterson,  seven  four-story  store  and  flat  buildings  at 
Forty-third  street  and  Evans  avenue,  $75,000;  F.  D.  Clarke,  ten-story  apart- 
ment house  at  333  and  335  Michigan  avenue,  $75,000;  Einstein  &Merritt,  four- 
story  store  building  at  201  and  207  State  street,  $70,000;  the  Citizen's  Brewing 
Company,  a  six-story  brew-house  at  2754  and  8764  Archer  avenue,  $200,000; 
the  Standard  Brewing  Company,  an  $80,000  plant  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
Twelfth  street  and  Campbell  avenue;  Peter  Hand  Brewing  Company,  a  $60,- 
000  plant  at  35  to  47  Sheffield  avenue,  while  Brewer  &  Hoffman  enlarged  their 
plant  to  the  extent  of  $50,000,  and  the  Anheuser-Busch  Company,  of  St. 
Louis,  built  a  supply  depot  at  a  cost  of  $50,000. 

The  city  erected  twenty-two  school  buildings,  at  an  average  cost  of  $70,- 
000,  making  a  total  of  $1,540,000.  The  buildings  are  mostly  three  stories 
high  and  contain  sixteen  rooms,  each  with  a  capacity  for  about  sixty  pupils. 
They  are  constructed  of  brick,  stone  and  terra  cotta,  the  interiors  being  nicely 
finished  and  heated  by  steam. 

SHIP. AND  DRAINAGE  CANAL. 

The  question  of  drainage  is  one  that  has  received  the  most  earnest  atten- 
tion of  the  people  of  Chicago  during  recent  years.  It  involves  so  much  of 
momentous  importance  that  the  State  of  Illinois  has  placed  it  in  the  hands  of 
a  Drainage  Commission,  with  powers  equal  to  those  exercised  by  the  county 
or  municipal  governments.  These  powers  embrace  the  borrowing  of  an  enor- 
mous amount  of  mouey  upon  the  credit  of  the  people  owning  property  in  the 
districts  to  be  affected  by  the  carrying  out  of  the  scheme,  the  condemnation 
of  Und,  the  digging  of  canals,  the  construction  of  dams,  dykes,  docks,  etc., 
etc.,  and  the  general  management  of  the  drainage  system  of  the  district  known 
as  the  Desplaines  Water  Shed.  It  would  require  a  volume  in  itself  to  give  a 
proper  review  of  the  drainage  questioe.  The  chief  features  only  can  be 
treated  of  here: 

Changing  the  Water  Flow. — In  the  remote  past  the  overflow  of  the  waters 
of  Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Michigan  ran  through  the  Mississippi  south  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  instead  of  as  now — northeast  through  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence to  the  Atlantic.  At  the  same  time  Lake  Erie  was  emptying  into  the 
Atlantic  through  Lake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence;  not  by  the  Niagara,  but 
by  the  Dundas  valley,  a  channel  not  far  from  the  line  of  the  present  Welland 
canal.  Then,  at  some  epoch  unknown  and  for  some  cause  unguessed,  the 
Detroit  strait  and  the  Niagara  strait  were  opened,  Lake  Michigan  slowly  fell 
about  thirty  feet,  and  its  outlet  (now  "the  Divide, "at  Summit,  close  to  nity 
limits,  twelve  miles  southwest  of  the  Court-house)  gradually  filled  up  wUh 


108 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


THE  SANITARY  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT. 


CHICAGO   AS    IT   IS.  109 

mixed  deposit;  so  that  to-day  the  dry  bed  of  "Mud  Lake "  ia  the  sole  remain- 
ing representative  of  the  once  great  southward  waterway.  Within  a  few 
years,  long  before  the  close  of  the  nineteenth  century,  the  old  order  of  things 
must  be  re-established  and  mighty  Michigan  once  more  find  its  waters  flowing 
southward.  The  hand  of  man  will  compel  it  again  to  turn  in  its  bed,  and  lie 
with  its  head  to  the  north  aud  its  foot  to  the  south  as  of  old.  The  canal  which 
is  to  be  built  as  an  outlet  will  carry  a  stream  of  water  160  feet  wide,  18  feet  deep, 
flowing  2  J  miles  an  hour.  Through  this  canal  the  largest  steamers  might  float, 
but  it  is  not  intended  that  passage  through  shall  be  provided  for  them,  because 
the  locks  by  which  they  would  have  to  descend  (151|  feet)  to  reach  the  Illi- 
nois river  are  too  small  and  the  river  itself  is  far  too  shallow  for  their  accom- 
modation. Some  Mississippi  boats  can  come  to  us,  but  our  stately  ships  can 
not  go  to  them.  Each  must  break  bulk  in  Chicago.  Also — an  important 
consideration — light  draft  gunboats  may  pass  and  repass  freely  between  the 
great  lakes  and  the  great  river.  As  we  stand  now,  any  nation  having  control 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Welland  canal  has  at  least  the  highway  necessary 
to  command  Lakes  Erie,  St.  Clair,  Huron  and  Michigan  with  all  that  lies  on 
their  shores. 

Cost  of  the  Undertaking. — To  accomplish  the  ends  desired  will  cost  the 
Sanitary  District  (practically  the  city  of  Chicago)  about  $20,000,000. 

Disposing  of  Chicago  Sewage. — Theone  great  object  of  this  ship  canal,  how- 
ever, is  to  dispose  of  Chicago  sewage.  When  the  population  was  small,  the 
city  was  drained  by  the  Chicago  river  and  the  lake.  Years  ago  it  became 
apparent  that  a  change  would  have  to  be  made  in  this  respect.  The  course 
of  the  Chicago  river  is  naturally  into  Lake  Michigan,  but  pumping  works 
were  erected  at  Bridgeport,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  city,  which  lift  an 
average  of  40,000  cubic  feet  per  minute  into  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal, 
causing,  under  ordinary  conditions,  a  perceptible  current  away  from  the  lake. 
The  water  thus  pumped  into  the  canal  flows  south  to  the  Illinois  river  and 
thence  to  the  Mississippi.  Pumping  works  at  Fullerton  avenue,  on  the  north 
branchof  the  Chicago  river,  force  water  from  the  lake  into  thatstream,  diluting 
its  contents,  and  furnishing  the  head  needed  for  a  flow  toward  the  Bridgeport 
pumps.  This  means  of  disposing  of  the  city's  sewage  is  wholly  inadequate 
to  its  needs,  and  the  pollution  of  the  water  supply  of  the  city  is  constantly 
menaced.  Measures  have  therefore  been  taken  to  construct  a  large  gravity 
channel  as  an  outlet  for  the  sewage  of  Chicago  into  the  Illinois  river.  The 
Chicago  Sanitary  District  has  been  formed  by  act  of  Legislature  of  the  State 
of  Illinois;  nine  trustees  have  been  elected  to  supervise  the  construction  of  a 
channel;  a  corps  of  engineers  has  been  set  at  work  making  preliminary  sur- 
veys, and  plans  are  being  perfected  for  a  channel  which  will  answer  the 
double  purpose  of  disposing  of  the  city's  sewage  and  establishing  a  naviga- 
ble waterway  for  the  interchange  of  commerce  between  Lake  Michigan  and 
the  Mississippi  river. 

Route  of  the  Ship  Canal. — A  trip  over  the  route  of  the  great  ship  and  drain- 
age canal  will  be  interesting  and  iastructive  to  visitors  who  are  of  an  inquir- 
ing or  of  a  scientific  turn  of  mind.  Starting  from  Bridgeport,  where  is  located 
the  present  pumping  works  (Ashland  and  Archer  avenues),  whose  ponderous 
engines  are  laboriously  lifting,  every  minute,  60,000  cubic  feet  of  the  slimy, 
filthy  water  of  the  river,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000  per  week,  we  strike  right  across 
the  country  to  Summit.  Here  we  come  to  the  bank  of  the  ' '  Ogden-Went- 
worth  ditch,"  well  known  by  name  to  very  many  and  by  face  to  very  few. 


110  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Sometimes  it  has  been  a  great,  moving  flood,  bringing  Desplaines  water  in 
to  work  harm  to  all  the  low-lying  partsof  Southwestern  Chicago.  Now  it  is  a 
huge  gutter,  dry,  except  for  a  sluggish  rivulet  trickling  along  its  middle. 
Its  purpose  was  to  drain  Mud  Lake,  and  by  its  aid  that  long,  narrow  basin  is 
now  and  has  been  for  many  years  dry  land — at  least  land  dry  enough  for 
agriculture,  and  to  some  extent  for  humble  habitation  by  theunexacting  poor. 
Its  course  presents  few  attractions — none,  unless  the  great  Chicago  Bride- 
well be  called  attractive,  which  it  is  not,  usually — rather  to  be  avoided  if  con- 
venient. 

Eight  miles  out,  at  the  head  of  the  ditch,  is  the  "  Ogden  Dam,''  another 
entity  whereof  many  know  the  name  who  would  not  recognize  the  aspect  if 
they  met  it  in  their  morning  walks.  It  is  a  plank  wall  perhaps  twelve  feet 
high  on  an  average,  running  less  than  100  feet  northerly  and  southerly,  bar- 
ring the  eastward  flow  of  the  Deeplaines  river,  save  when  spring  floods  over- 
top it,  Mud  Lake  becomes  once  more  a  lake,  and  its  waters  flow  with  great 
speed  and  volume  unchecked  toward  the  city,  where  they  enter  the  South 
Branch  and  drive  its  foul  winter  accumulations  out  into  the  lake — our  drink- 
ing fountain. 

So  we  have  reached  the  famous  "Divide."  This  is"  Summit."  Before 
us  is  the  Desplaines,  flowing  toward  the  warm,  torrid  Gulf  of  Mexico;  bebind 
us  the  waters  that  are  destined  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  by  icy,  stormy 
Labrador.  We  have  come  eight  miles  fr  m  Bridgeport,  and  all  the  way  on 
our  left  we  have  passed  the  present  canal,  its  course  marked  by  the  long  high 
pile  ol  rocks  excavated  from  its  bed.  Just  beyond  the  canal  is  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  railroad,  which  closely  follows  its  course  nearly  all  the  way  to  Joliet, 
and  just  this  side  of  it  the  Chicago  and  Santa  Fe,  which  crosses  the  ditch  east 
of  the  dam. 

It  happens  quite  by  accident  that  the  first  stretch  of  the  Ogden  Ditch 
points  directly  toward  the  Auditorium  tower,  and,  as  we  look  back  along  its 
course,  that  square  structure  is  perfectly  visible  with  a  glass — may  be  faintly 
descried  with  the  naked  eye  in  favorable  states  of  the  atmosphere,  looming 
In  the  little  gap  between  the  low  shrubbery  that  has  sprung  up  on  either  side 
of  the  watercourse. 

Turning  our  backsto  Lake  Michigan  we  see  before  us  to  the  southwest  the 
"twelve-mile  level "  of  the  Desplaines.  At  this  dry  time  it  is  almost  without 
current,  and  the  landscape  along  its  banks  is  as  tame  and  featureless  as 
can  well  be  imagined.  Even  the  canal  itself  has  more  fall  here  than  the 
river,  and  its  bed  is  some  twelve  feet  lower  than  the  surface  of  the  stream. 
The  rolling  prairie  near  Summit  changes  to  a  wooded  ridge  coming  in  from 
the  left  as  we  near  Willow  Springs,  a  place  attractive  to  festive  picnickers 
brought  out  by  the  Alton  and  tlie  Santa  Fe  railways,  the  former  following 
the  left  bank  and  the  latter  the  right.  Following  the  tow  path  we  come  in 
sight  of  frequent  piles  of  waste  rock,  showing  that  we  are  entering  the  great 
quarry  district.  The  old  canal  (still  some  feet  lower  than  the  river)  runs  near 
a  high  wooded  ridge  that  marks  the  southeasterly  limit  of  the  valley.  At 
length  this  ridge  begins  to  grow  lower;  we  are  approaching  the  "Sag"  feeder 
which  used  tobring  water  from  the  Calumet  river  anddeliveritto  the  canal. 
Wearily  we  climb  the  hill,  when,  all  at  once,  a  strong,  cool  breeze  greets  the 
beaded  brow,  and  lifting  the  eyes  they  are  surprised  with  the  sight  of  abroad 
green  vale  stretching  eastward  far  below,  bringing  a  silvery,  winding  stream 
and  a  refreshing  breath  of  unmistakable  Lnke  Michigan  air.  Here  is  a  ceme- 
tery and  a  Catholic  priest  in  attendance.  From  him  we  learn  : 


CHICAGO  AS  It  IS.  Ill 

' '  This  is  the  Sag  Bottoms  before  you.  It  is  a  low  area  of  land  running  to 
Calumet  Lake,  some  twenty-five  miles  away.  The  Indians  who  used  to  live 
here  called  the  stream  the  Au-sag-nous-ki,  the  west  grass  valley.  You  see 
that  winding  stream?  Well,  that's  the  Sag  feeder,  the  old  Calumet  Canal. 
Buck  about  '50  they  used  to  run  passenger-boats  down  the  feeder.  There 
wereu'tany  railroads  to  speak  of  then.  The  feeder  runs  clear  through  from 
the  Calumet  river  to  Stony  Creek,  round  Lane's  Island  (which  isn't  an  island 
at  all,  but  only  high  ground),  and  down  through  the  bottoms  into  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  Canal  just  below  here.  That  is  the  town  of  Sag  over  there." 

We  descend  and  follow  the  feeder  to  its  junction  with  the  canal.  Its 
water  is  low  now,  since  the  canal  was  deepened  (1870),  but  there  is  still  a  cur- 
rent passing  under  the  bridge  of  the  railway,  its  successful  and  dominant 
rival.  From  Hastings  to  Lemont  the  canal  presents  a  lively  aspect.  Quarry 
succeeds  quarry  in  close  succession.  Each  has  its  swinging  cranes  at  work 
loading  track-cars  and  canal-boats,  and  the  canal  is  frequently  bridged  with 
"locomotive  cranes  "running  on  supporting  trusses,  and  carry  ing  huge  blocks 
of  stone  from  the  quarries  to  the  mills  to  be  sawed  or  planed  into  building 
blocks  or  flag-stones.  In  the  quarries  proper  the  scene  is  active  and  the  sound 
continuous.  Steam  drills  and  channelers  bore  and  carve  the  sandstone,  and 
brawny  arms  raise  and  drop  the  heavy  hand-drill.  Here  is  a  line  of  men 
sinking  a  series  of  wedge-holes  into  a  stratum  of  the  milk-white  rock ;  beyond 
is  another  line  driving  a  row  of  wedges  with  fast-falling  blows  of  the  sledge- 
hammer. A  sharp,  cracking  noise  and  the  ;plit  has  run  from  hole  to  hole, 
and  with  a  grinding  sound  a  long,  narrow  strip  of  stone  pushes  out  from  its 
immemorial  bed.  "Do  you  see  those  men  slinking  off  through  the  weeds  on 
the  hill  ?  They  are  getting  out  of  the  way  of  a  blast."  Sure  enough,  in  a  few 
seconds  a  sound  of  cannon-shot  indicates  that  several  blasts  have  been  fired 
simultaneously  by  electricity.  A  mass  of  smoke  rises,  and  as  the  cloud  dis- 
perses it  discloses  a  shower  of  fragments  and  falling  stones. 

Below  Lemont  some  extensive  earth-moving,  "scalping,"  is  doing  by 
steam  shovels  to  s.trip  the  rock  for  quarrying.  Though  the  Desplaines  here  is 
broad,  shallow  and  sluggish,  yet  it  has  already  fallen  a  good  deal,  for  it  is 
now  about  level  with  the  canal  or  lower.  These  inexhaustible  quarries  of 
easily-worked  stone  are  a  great  and  ownly  partly  recognized  factor  in  making 
Chicago  what  she  is  and  what  she  will  be.  Timber  to  the  north,  coal  to  the 
south,  a  great  lake  to  the  northeast,  a  great  river  to  the  southwest,  and  a 
glorious  country  all  around — what  more  could  be  asked  to  build  her  up  to  be 
the  metropolis  of  America?  Nothing  but  something  to  build  with.  And  she 
has  it  all.  Lumber  is  her  great  staple.  Brick,  clay  and  building-sand  are  her 
very  foundation,  and  a  whole  valley  of  kindly  rock  is  at  her  very  door.  In 
truth  Chicago  is  Nature's  chosen  tabernacle.  Vain — vain  and  foolish  for  us 
Chicagoans  to  fancy  that  we  made  our  city,  for  it  is  Chicago  which  haa  made 
us.  From  Lemont  to  Lockport  the  vallev  widens,  the  bottoms  forming  level 
and  open  areas  of  prairie.  At  Lockport  the  river  is  some  twenty-five  feet 
lower  than  at  Lemont.  Lockport  is  a  large  and  interesting  manufacturing 
town,  showing  the  effect  of  the  water-power  which  even  the  old  canal  has 
furnished.  Much  surplus  water  is  now  wasting  here;  not  because  it  is  not 
valuable,  but  because  it  is  the  product  of  Vie  increased  action  of  the  Bridge- 
port pumps,  an  increase  which  has  accrued  too  lately  to  allow  time  to  erect 
the  mills  which  should  be  using  the  power.  The  flood  forms  a  raging  torrent 
forty  feet  wide,  attractive  to  the  eye,  offensive  to  the  nose. 

From  Lockport  to  Joliet  is  eight  miles,  but  the  drainage  canal,  strictly 


112  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

speaking,  ceases  at  Lockport,  thirty-four  miles  below  Chicago,  where  the 
river  bed  becomes  low  enough  to  care  for  the  water.  The  canal  is  under  way 
and  will  surely  be  completed  within  our  own  times.  All  craft  short  of  our 
great  lakers  will  use  it.  By  water  to  the  gulf  and  beyond  will  be  part  of  our 
daily  traffic. 

Note.— -The  canal  and  its  route  are  almost  as  far  from  construction  or 
determination  at  this  writing  as  they  were  when  the  last  edition  of  the  Guide 
was  given  to  the  public.  There  is  so  much  vagueness  connected  with  the  work 
of  the  commission  and  the  engineers,  and  so  much  uncertainty  as  to  plans, 
that  the  compiler  does  not  feel  justified  in  changing  the  foregoing  matter' 
There  is  nothing  better  to  substitute. 

WATER  WORKS. 

The  water  works  of  Chicago  are  among  the  wonders  of  the  city,  not 
alone  because  of  their  magnitude,  but  because  of  the  magnificent  engineering 
features  which  they  present  to  the  intelligent  or  curious  visitor.  The  great 
central  pumping  works  of  the  system  are  as  follows:  Foot  of  Chicago  avenue, 
North  Side.  Take  North  Clark  street" cable  or  State  street  car  to  Chicago 
avenue,  and  walk  east  toward  the  lake.  These  works  are  at  the  Southern 
end  of  the  Lake  Shore  drive  and  should  be  visited  by  all  strangers.  West 
Side  works,  corner  of  Blue  Island  avenue  and  Twenty -second  street.  Take 
Blue  Island  avenue  car.  Central  pumping  station,  West  Harrison  street; 
between  Desplaines  and  Halsted  streets.  Take  Harrison  street  o-r  South 
Halsted  street  cars.  To  visit  the  different  "  cribs  "  situated  in  Lake  Michi- 
gan, during  the  summer  months,  take  excursion  boats  on  the  lake  shore,  foot 
of  Van  Buren  street.  The  fare  for  round  trip  is  25  cents.  The  area  of  Chi- 
cago is  about  181  square  miles,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  thickly  populated, 
requiring  good  facilities  for  an  abundant  supply  of  water.  This  is  drawn 
from  Lake  Michigan  by  a  number  of  separate  water  works,  all  of  which  are 
operated  upon  the  same  plan.  Owing  to  the  perfectly  level  plain  upon  which 
Chicago  is  built,  there  is  no  natural  elevation  available  for  the  establishment 
of  reservoirs.  The  water,  when  drawn  from  the  lake,  is  pumped  directly  into 
the  mains  against  a  stand-pipe  head  of  about  100  feet. 

Description  of  Water  Works. — The  Water  Works  System  may  be  intelli- 
gently described  by  confining  ourselves  to  the  principal  Water  Works,  or 
those  now  in  full  operation.  Two  miles  from  the  shore,  in  the  lake,  a  substan- 
tial structure  is  located,  which  is  popularly  styled  "the  crib,"  within  which 
is  an  iron  cylinder  9  feet  in  diameter,  extending  down  31  feet  below  the  bot- 
tom of  the  lake,  and  connecting  with  two  distinct  tunnels  leading  to  separate 
pumping  works  on  shore.  Water  is  admitted  into  the  crib  from  the  surface 
of  the  lake,  its  flow  being  regulated  by  a  gate.  The  tunnel  first  constructed 
is  five  feet  in  diameter,  and  commiraicates  with  the  pumping  works  at  the 
foot  of  Chicago  ave.,  where  there  are  four  double  and  two  single  engines, 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

MASONIC  TEMPLE,  STATE  AND  RANDOLPH  STS. 

[See  "Guide."] 


CHICAGO   AS  IT  IS.  113 

which  furnishes  a  daily  average  of  50,000,000  gallons  under  a  head  of  105.7 
feet.  The  second  tunnel  is  seven  feet  in  diameter,  and  extends  under  the  lake 
and  under  the  eity,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  to  the  pumping  works  on  the 
West  Side,  in  which  there  are  four  engines  whose  daily  performance  is  about 
61,000,000  gallons  under  a  head  of  106  feet.  A  new  central  pumping  station 
has  recently  been  built  on  West  Harrison  St.,  between Desplaines and  Halsted 
sts. ,  which  is  for  the  present  obtaining  its  supply  of  water  from  the  seven- 
foot  tunnel  just  referred  to.  It  is  equipped  with  two  triple  expansion 
engines,  built  by  the  Edward  P.  Allis  Company,  of  Milwaukee,  each  weigh- 
ing 440  tons,  including  pumps,  and  each  calculated  to  deliver  15,000,000  gal- 
lons daily  against  ahead  of  125  feet,  with  a  steam  pressure  of  125  pounds. 
With  a  view  to  meeting  the  requirements  in  the  near  future  of  this  rapidly 
growing  city,  a  new  lake  tunnel  is  in  course  of  construction.  The  in-take  to 
this  tunnel  will  be  located  four  miles  from  shore,  to  avoid  the  pollution  of 
the  water  supply  from  the  drainage  into  the  lake.  The  original  plans  con- 
templated an  eight-foot  tunnel,  but  difficulties  were  encountered  in  the 
nature  of  the  soil  which  made  it  necessary  to  reduce  the  size,  and  two  six- 
foot  tunnels  are  now  being  driven.  An  intermediate  crib  has  been  built,  two 
and  one-half  miles  from  shore,  to  enable  the  water  supply  from  this  source 
to  be  made  available  at  an  early  day.  The  central  pumping  station  at  Harri- 
son st.  will  eventually  draw  its  supply  from  this  new  tunnel,  as  will  another 
pumping  station  now  in  course  of  erection  on  Fourteenth  st.  The  latter  sta- 
tion will  be  supplied  with  four  triple  expansion  engines  of  the  same  pattern 
as  those  at  the  Harrison  street  station. 

Cost  of  Water  Works. — The  total  cost  of  the  works    constituting  the 
Chicago  Water  system  is  as  fojlows: 

Cost  up  to  May  6,  1861,  when  the  works  were  transferred  from  Board 

of  Water  Commissioners  to  the  Board  of  Public  works $1,020,160  21 

Expenditures  since  1861. 

Cost  of  water  pipe  laid  (including  labor) $7,812,132  37 

Cost  of  North  pumping  works 918,57314 

Cost  of  West  pumping  works 896,849  37 

Cost  of  first  lake  tunnel 464,866  37 

Cost  of  second  lake  tunnel 415,709  36 

Cost  of  lake  crib  protection 149,431  63 

Cost  of  new  lake  tunnel    232,46619 

Cost  of  land  tunnel  to  West  pumping  works 542,912  63 

Cost  of  new  land  tunnel 254,894  38 

Cost  of  lake  tunnel  crib 70,31910 

Cost  of  lake  shore  inlet 43,871  17 

Cost  of  new  lake  shore  inlet 84,47417 

Cost  of  water  worlds  shop 25,551  73 

Cost  of  water  works  stock 29,318  00 

Cost  of  water  reservoir  fence v. . .  1,702  87 

Cost  of  addition  to  stable  1,01948 

Cost  of  real  estate  for  sites  of  new  pumping  works 200,972  35 

Cost  on  account  of  Central  pumping  works 235,150  11 

Cost  on  account  of  South  Side  pumping  works  141,743  46 

Cost  on  account  of  new  lake  crib 19'i,263  65 

Cost  on  account  ot  breakwater 28,181  93 


Total  cost  of  the  entire  water  works  to  December  31, 1889 $13,772,562  25 

Amounts  expended  in  1890 1,250,00000 

Total  cost  to  December  31, 1890 $15,038,562  25 

Total  Cost  to  Dec.  31,  1891  (estimated) 18,000,000 


114  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

New  Water  Tunnels.— The  new  water  tunnels  will  be  completed  long  before 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  is  held  here.  It  is  expected  that  the 
additional  water  supply  will  pa«s  through  these  tunnels  and  be  distributed  in 
the  city  before  the  close  of  1892. 

Source  of  Water  Supply. — The  water  supply  of  Chicago  and  her  environs 
is  taken  from  Lake  Michigan,  which  is  a  part  of  the  chain  of  lakes  and  rivers 
composing  the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  To  form  some  idea  of  this  inex- 
haustible and  magnificent  reservoir  of  pure  water,  at  the" very  doors  of  her 
people,  it  is  only  necessary  to  give  a  few  pertinent  statistics.  The  chief 
geographer  of  the  United  States  geological  survey  gives  the  following 
data:  Area  of  basin  of  St.  Lawrence,  457,000  square  miles,  of  which 
330,000  belong  to  Canada,  127,000  to  the  United  States.  Lake  Superior 
— area,  31,200  square  miles;  length,  412  miles;  minimum  breadth,  167 
miles;  maximum  depth,  1,008  feet;  altitude  above  sea  level,  602  feet. 
Lake  Huron— area,  21,000  square  miles;  263  miles  long,  101  broad;  maxi- 
mum depth,  702  feet,  altitude,  581  feet.  Lake  St.  Glair,  29  miles  long; 
Lake  Erie,  area,  9,960  square  miles;  length,  250  miles;  maximum  breadth,  60 
miles;  maximum  depth,  210  feet;  altitude,  573  feet,  aud  above  Lake  Ontario 
326  feet.  Lake  Ontario — area,  7, 240  square  miles;  length,  190  miles;  breadth, 
54  miles;  maximum  depth,  738  feet;  altitude,  247  feet.  Lake  Michigan — 
area,  22,450  square  miles;  maximum  breadth,  84  miles;  length,  345  miles, 
maximum  depth,  870  feet;  altitude,  581  feet. 

Temperature  of  Lake  Water. — The  average  temperature  of  the  water  in 
the  lake,  from  observations  taken  at  the  crib  during  the  year  1891,  was:  Jan- 
uary,  32.0;  February,  32.0;  March,  35. 4;  April,  43.3;  May,  51.9,  June,  54.9; 
July,  6.5.9;  August,  60.2;  October,  50.6;  November,  43.0;  December,  37.5. 

Water  Towers. — For  the  benefit  of  those  wlio  do  not  understand  the  prin- 
ciples of  water  distribution  in  a  great  city,  the  following  explanation  is 
given  :  A  tunnel  from  the  crib  in  the  lake  is  built  on  an  iucline  so  that  the 
water  pours  into  a  well  under  t<fe^vater  works.  In  getting  there  it  has  been 
allowed  to  fall  several  feet  bel^'  the  level  of  the  lake.  When  the  pumping 
Is  light,  of  course  the  water  rijts  in  the  well  to  the  level  of  its  source — the 
lake — but  in  Chicago  the  demand  is  so  strong  that  the  pumps  keep  the  water 
in  the  well  several  feet  below  that  in  the  lake,  raising  the  water  from  a  dis- 
tance maybe  sixteen  feel  below  lake  surface.  After  the  pumps  have  thus 
raised  the  water  their  work  is  just  begun.  They  must  now  force  it  out  the 
mains  and  into  the  houses,  just  as  an  ordinary  well  pump,  wiih  the  valve  in 
the  bottom  of  the  well  instead  of  up  near  the  pump  handle,  brings  the  water 
to  the  pump  spout.  The  use  of  the  tower  is  now  shown.  Take  away  a  sec- 
tion of  the  masonry  and  there  remains  an  upright  pipe:  A  description  of  the 
West  Side  water  works  tower  will  serve  as  an  illustration.  There  the  staiid- 
pipe  is  five  feet  in  diameter  and  about  167  feet  high.  It  is  made  of  plate 
boiler  iron  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch  thick,  and  looks  like  an  ojdinaiy 
engine  boiler,  except  in  length.  When  the  water  passes  the  valve  in  the 
pump  it  passes  through  the  main  pipe  close  by  the  base  of  this  tower,  or  may 
pass  under  the  tower.  An  opening  allows  the  water  to  run  out  of  the  pipe 
into  the  tower  stand-pipe.  At  the  West  Side  works  there  are  four  of  these 
main  pipes,  all  opening  into  the  stand-pipe.  Now  comes  the  essential  part, 
whrch  is  very  simple,  when  understood.  The  pnmps  are  started,  say  at  a 
pressure  of  forty  pounds  to  the  square  inch  of  surface.  The  water  is  forced 
out  along  the  mains,  and  through  the  opening  into  the  tower  stand-pipe. 


CHICAGO   AS   IT  IS.  115 

That  will  raise  the  water  about  two  and  one-third  feet  in  the  stand-pipe  for 
each  pound  of  pressure,  which  is  about  ninety-three  feet  for  the  forty 
pounds.  The  weight  of  the  water  in  the  p;pe  represents  that  power,  and 
stands  there  as  an  elastic  spring  or  cushion,  rising  and  fa41ing,  equalizing  the 
pressure  on  the  water  faucets  and  pipes.  If  every  one  having  faucets  on  the 
main  should  close  them,  the  water  pumped  in  the  main  would  have  an  escape 
through  this  pipe,  and  the  result  can  be  imagined — the  pipe  wouldn't  hold  it 
vary  long  if  the  pumps  were  not  stopped.  But  there  is  an  indicator,  like  the 
Iiands  on  the  face  of  a  clock,  which  shows  just  how  much  water  is  being 
drawn,  or  how  much  of  the  power  is  used,  and  the  engineer  regulates  his 
pumping  accordingly.  After  the  above  explanation  it  may  be  simply  stated 
thnt  the  stand-pipe  in  the  water  tower  furnishes  an  equalizer,  so  that  when 
an  engine  is  rv;— ling  at  a  given  rate  of  speed  or  pressure,  the  turning  on  or 
off  of  a  few  more  or  less  faucets  by  consumers  may  not  seriously  and  too 
sudcki-ly  effect  the  pressure  and  supply. 

V/ater  Supply  of  the  Environs. — The  water  supply  of  the  southern  portion 
of  the  territory  recently  annexed  to  the  city,  and  known  as  Hyde  Park 
and  Lake  districts,  is  taken  through  a  five-foot  tunnel  about  5,000  feet  long, 
and  is  pumped  by  two  12,000, 000-horizontal  and  one  6,000,000  vertical  Gaskill 
pumping  engines,  one  horizontal  3,000,000  Knowles  engine,  two  3,000,000 
Cope  &  Maxwell  engines  and  one  of  Henry  R.  Worthington'&  horizontal  high- 
duty  pumping  on  Tines.  This  plant  is  located  at  the  foot  of  Sixty-eighth 
street,  near  the  bouth  Shore  station  of  the  South  Chicago  branch  of  the 
Illinois  Central  railroad.  The  water  supply  of  the  northern  portion  of  the 
annexed  territory,  known  as  the  Lake  View  district,  is  taken  through  one 
twenty  four-inch  pipe  and  one  eighteen-inch  pipe,  and  is  pumped  by  one 
horizontal  12,000,000  Gaskill  engine,  one  horizontal  5,000,000  Worthington 
low-duty  engine  and  a  3,000,000  Vergennes  geared  engine.  A  lake  tunnel  to 
supply  the  pumping  engines  for  this  district  is  now  in  course  of  construction. 
It  will  be  six  feet  in  diameter  and  two  miles  long. 

Suburban  Water  Supply. — Nearly  every  suburban  town,  whether  within  the 
corporate  limits  or  outside  of  them,  has  its  own  water  works.  A  great  many  use 
the  Artesian  well  system  at  first,  but  some,  for  various  reasons,  take  their  supply 
from  the  lake,  the  water  of  which  answers  all  purposes  of  a  domestic  nature. 
Some  of  the  suburbs  have  water  works  of  considerable  magnitude.  Evanston, 
tor  instance,  has  a  system  and  machinery  which  a  city  of  50,000  inhabitants 
might  be  proud  of.  [See  "  Outlying  Chicago."] 


PART  III. 

THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
AMUSEMENTS. 

The  visitor,  whoever  he  may  be  or  wherever  he  may  come  from,  will 
not  lack  for  opportunities  of  enjoying  himself  to  his  heart's  content  in  Chicago, 
no  matter  in  what  direction  his  taste  may  happen  to  lie.  It  is  said  by  those 
who  have  made  a  study  of  the  matter  that  there  are  more  places  of  amuse- 
ment open  in  Chicago  daily  and  nightly  than  in  any  other  city  on  the  globe. 
In  addition  to  such  amusements  as  may  be  termed  strictly  American,  we 
have  presented  to  us  here  constantly  the  leading  attractions  of  European 
cities.  Whatever  is  popular  abroad  speedily  finds  its  way  to  Chicago,  to  be 
tested  here  at  least.  The  Chicago  theatre-goers  are  as  familiar  with  the  work 
of  the  dramatists  and  actors  of  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany,  Austria, 
Italy  and  Russia,  as  they  are  with  the  work  of  American  dramatists  and  actors, 
becausethere  is  a  constant  procession  of  attractions  across  the  Atlantic,  and 
because  foreign  play- wrights  and  actors  of  celebrity  find  an  appreciative  public 
and  a  golden  harvest  on  this  side  of  the  ocean.  Chicago  during  recent  years 
has  become  a  dramatic  center  of  the  first  rank.  Many  new  plays  are  pro- 
duced here  every  season  for  the  first  time.  The  stamp  of  Chicago  approval 
usually  insures  the  success  of  a  drama,  comedy  or  burlesque,  throughout  the 
country.  Architecturally  the  amusement  houses  of  Chicago  are  the  best  in 
the  United  States ;  the  interior  decorations,  the  scenery  and  the  stage 
fittings  of  our  theatres  are  unsurpassed.  Aside  from  the  theatres  there  are 
numerous  first-class  places  of  amusement,  all  of  which  are  pointed  out  under 
this  heading. 

Alhambra  Theatre. — Located  at  the  corner  of  State  st.  and  Archer  ave. ;  H. 
B.  Jacobs,  manager.  Take  State  st.  cable  line.  This  theatre  was  opened  by 
Miss  Emma  Juch,  the  prima  donna,  in  1890.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in 
the  city.  The  theatre  has  a  grand  entrance  on  State  Bt.  and  another  entrance 
on  Archer  ave.,  both  leading  inward  through  a  business  block  to  a  large  court 
from  which  a  spacious  lobby  opens  into  the  main  foyer.  Here  awidestaircaae 
leads  to  the  balcony  and  branches  into  side  flights  of  steps  both  at  the  top  and 
bottom.  The  auditorium,  constructed  upon  the  most  approved  modern  sys- 
tem, is  wide  but  not  deep,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  2.500  aside  from  the 
twelve  boxes.  The  lower  floor  seats  750,  the  balcony  550,  and  the  gallery 
1,200.  The  ornamentation  of  the  interior  about  the  boxes,  balconies  and 
stage  front  and  ceiling,  is  Moorish  in  design,  and  the  colors  are  salmon  and 
shrimp  pink  with  intermediate  shades.  One  feature  of  the  new  playhouse 

116 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  117 

that  makes  Its  plan  well-nigh  a  model  one  is  the  excellent  system  of  fire- 
escapes  and  exits  provided.  From  the  various  parts  of  the  house  are  twenty- 
eight  exits,  those  from  the  gallery  and  balcony  reaching  to  iron  staircases, 
spiral  and  straight,  running  down  the  exterior  walls.  The  stage  is  forty-five 
feet  deep  and  has  an  opening  of  twenty-five  feet.  There  are  twenty-four 
dressing-rooms,  besides  two  large  rooms  for  "supers,"  a  bill- room,  and  music 
rooms — all  supplied  with  every  convenience  and  arranged  after  the  most 
desirable  plans. 

Auditorium^  Theatre. — The  theatre  of  the  auditorium  building  is  justly 
entitled  to  the  distinction  of  being  the  best  equipped  for  stage  purposes,  the 
handsomest  in  interior  decorative  work,  the  most  perfect  in  acoustics  and 
the  most  convenient  and  comfortable  for  audiences  in  this  or  any  other 
country.  Columns  of  praise  have  been  written  about  it.  Architects  and 
artists  of  international  fame  have  lauded  its  merits  and  its  beauties. 
Thousands  from  foreign  shores,  who  have  visited  it  during  the  various 
notable  performances  which  have  been  given  within  ita  walls,  have  been 
surprised  at  itssize  and  magnificence,  and  gave  willing  testimony  toitssuperi- 
ority  over  their  own  famous  places  of  amusement.  No  less  remarkable  have 
been  the  compliments  paid  by  the  famous  vocalists  who  have  sung  on  its 
stage.  Patti,  whose  presence  has  graced  all  the  great  opera-houses  of  the 
new  and  old  world,  marveled  at  the  ease  with  which  she  could  sing  to  the 
immense  ^audiences  which  made  the  opening  season  so  notable.  Tamagno, 
Lehmann7  Albani,  Reichman,  Nordica  and  others  of  like  fame,  were  no  less 
complimentary.  In  short,  the  opinions  of  everybody — artist,  auditor, 
lecturer  and  critical  foreigner — have  been  unanimous  in  declaring  the  grand 
auditorium  theatre  unsurpassed  for  all  the  purposes  to  which  it  was 
dedicated.  The  great  audience  room  was  thrown  open  to  the  public  on  the 
evening  of  December  9,  1889.  The  occasion  is  not  likely  to  be  forgotten  by 
those  who  were  fortunate  to  secure  admission. 

The  following  programme  was  given: 

TRIUMPHAL  FANTASIE,       -  Theodore  Dubois. 

Composed  for  this  occasion  for  grand  organ  and  orchestra. 
CLARENCE  EDDY,  Organist. 

ADDRESS,  -  HON.  DEWITT  C.  CREGIER,  Mayor  of  Chicago. 

ADDRESS,       -  - FERDINAND.  W.  PECK. 

CANTATA,  -  Frederick  Grant  Gleason. 

Composed  for  this  occasion  and  sung  by  a  chorus  of  five 
hundred  voices  under  the  direction  of 

WILLIAM  L.  TOMLINS. 

ADDRESS. -       -        PRESIDENT  HARRISON. 

ADDRESS,  -    HON.  JOHN  S.  RUNNELLS,  of  Chicago. 

"HOME,  SWEET  HOME," 

MADAME  ADELINA  PATTI. 


INTERMISSION. 


118  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

"  AMERICA," 

APOLLO  CLUB. 

CONCERT  FANTASIE,  OP.  83,        -        -        -  F.  De  La  Tombelle. 

Composed  expressly  for  the  dedication  of  the  Auditorium  organ. 

CLARENCE  EDDY. 
"THE  HEAVENS  ARE  TELLING,"   -   -   •  Haydn. 

APOLLO  CLUB. 

ADDRESS  (Dedicatory),  HON.  Jos.  W.  FIFER,  Governor  of  Illinois. 

"HALLELUJAH," — Chorus  from  "The  Messiah."       -        -       -  Handel. 

APOLLO  CLUB. 

The  presence  of  President  Harrison  gave  a  national  color  to  the  festivi- 
ties. Patti  received  a.tremendous  ovation  when  she  stepped  in  front,  on  the 
arm  of  Manager  Milward  Adams,  and  as  the  last  note  of  "Home,  Sweet 
Home "  wafted  through  the  space  the  demonstrations  were  extraordinary 
When  midnight  came  the  vast  audience  dispersed  and  the  most  brilliant 
scene  ever  enacted  in  an  American  theatre  remained  fixed  forever  in  their 
memory.  A  remarkably  prosperous  season  of  Italian  opera  followed,  unde*- 
the  management  of  Henry  E.  Abbey,  which  lusted  four  weeks.  Next  to  the 
appearances  of  Patti  was,  perhaps,  the  debut  of  the  renowned  Tamagno,  the 
tenor  in  Verdi's  Othello,  the  first  complete  performance  of  which  was  given 
in  America  during  this  season.  A  few  weeks  later  the  same  company  returned 
for  a  supplementary  season  of  two  weeks,  and  the  success  of  the  first  series 
was  repeated.  The  Apollo  Club  gave  its  first  concert  on  December  25th.  A 
grand  charity  ball,  attended  by  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  the  city,  was  held  on 
the  9th  of  January,  1890. 

The  Hebrews  followed  with  a  grand  ball  on  21st  of  same  month.  Sarasate 
and  D*  Albert,  the  famous  violinist  and  pianist,  appeared  on  27th  and  29th  of 
January,  and  againin  February.  The  important  engagementsfollowing  were: 
The  Duff  Opera  Company,  in  a  series  of  Gilbert  &  Sullivan  operas;  DeWitt 
Talmage'slecture,  AprilSth;  the  "  Kirmess,"  April  17th,  18th,19th;the  German 
Opera  Company,  from  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House,  New  York,  from  Feb- 
ruary 21st  to  March  10th;  the  Apollo  Club,  May  26th  and  27th;  the  Strauss 
Orchestral  Concerts,  June  2d  to 6th;  "Shenandoah,"  August26th  to  September 
6th;  return  engagement  of  Duff  Opera  Company,  September  18th  to  October 
4th;  Strauss  return  concert,  October  9th  to  14th,  and  a  magnificent  production 
of  an  English  pantomime,  direct  from  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  London,  entitled 
"  The  Babes  in  the  Wood,"  November  10th  to  December  20th. 

The  audience  room  of  the  theatre  is  reached  from  Congress  street  near  the 
corner  of  Wabash  avenue.  A  grand  vestibule  with  ticket  offices  on  the 
right  and  left  sides  leads  to  a  mosaic  paved  lobby.  The  low  vaulted  ceiling, 
pillared  by  shapely  towers  and  jetted  with  electric  lights,  give  it  a  unique 
appearance.  Several  large  cloak  rooms  range  along  one  side,  and  from  the 
other  broad  marble  stairs,  pfotected  by  solid  bronze  balusters,  reach  to  the 
foyer.  This  part  of  the  house  is  of  ample  dimensions,  and  richly  furnished. 
Two  large  retiring  rooms  for  ladies  and  smokers  adjoin  on  the  south  end, 
both  decorated  and  furnished  with  dainty  taste.  The  house  contains  40 
boxes,  supplied  with  luxurious  chairs  and  sofas  and  hung  with  curtains  of 
delicate  tinted  plush.  There  are  4,050  seats,  about  1,500  of  which  are 
located  in  the  parquet.  Above  the  parquet  are  the  first  and  second  balconies 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  H9 

and  the  gallery.  The  two  latter  portions  of  the  house  can  be  closed  down  for 
special  occasions  by  iron  curtains  worked  by  a  windlass  and  chains — an 
ingenious  arrangement  and  very  useful  at  times.  Over  5,500  incandescent 
lamps  are  used  in  the  theatre  and  stage.  The  general  color  treatment  of  its 
walls,  ceiling  and  pillars  is  yellow  in  various  shades.  The  effect  produced 
when  the  electric  lamps  are  lit  is  extraordinarily  impressive.  The  orchestra 
pit  has  accommodations  for  100  players. 

A  special  feature  of  the  theatre  is  the  great  organ  located  in  a  compartment 
behind  the  north  walL  This  instrument  was  dedicated  October  29,  1890,  in 
the  presence  of  an  audience  which  filled  every  seat  and  occupied  much  of  the 
standing  space  in  the  foyer.  The  organ  is  considered  to  be  the  most  perfect 
in  the  world,  and  in  size  ranks  among  the  largest.  It  contains  7,193  pipes 
and  swell,  and  is  divided  into  seven  parts,  namely,  "  Great,  Pedal,  Swell, 
Choir,  Echo,  Solo  and  Stage."  The  echo  organ  is  located  in  the  roof  over  the 
parquet,  and  is  operated  by  means  of  electricity  from  the  keyboard.  The 
stage  organ,  as  its  name  implies,  is  utilized  for  chorus  purposes  in  operas, 
and  for  certain  stage  effect.  The  instrument,  in  all  its  parts,  is  a  model  of 
moderningenuity,  combining  all  the  latest  inventions.  It  is  the  intention  of 
the  management  to  give  recitals  from  time  to  time,  consisting  of  popular 
music,  for  which  popular  prices  will  be  charged. 

The  equipment  of  the  stage  is  the  most  complete  of  any  In  this  or  foreign 
countries.  It  is  modeled  after  the  famous  one  of  Buda  Pesth  in  Hungary,  but 
has  the  advantage  of  improvement  effected  inthepastfive  years — mechani- 
cal, electrical  and  hydraulic.  The  depth  from  footlights  to  the  rear  wall  is 
sixty-nine  feet;  the  clear  width  from  wall  to  wall  is  ninety-eight  feet,  giving 
the  total  available  stage  room  of  6,862  square  feet,  an  extent  equal  to  the 
demands  of  the  most  sumptuous  productions. 

The  floor  is  entirely  level  in  accordance  with  the  last  ideas.  From  the 
stage  to  the  cellar  floor  is  a  depth  of  18  feet,  but  there  is  an  intermediate  floor 
for  working  purposes.  The  rigging  loft  is  90  feet  above  the  stage  floor,  the 
entire  framework  from  top  to  bottom,  including  the  rigging  loft,  paint 
bridges,  fly  galleries,  etc.,  is  of  iron  and  steel.  All  the  pulleys,  sheaves  and 
their  bearings  are  of  iron,  and  the  cables  by  which  the  drops  and  border  light 
are  suspended  are  of  steel,  flexible  and  durable.  In  tie  stage  floor  are  four 
bridges,  four  traps,  four  small  bridges  and  three  small  traps,  so  disposed  that 
the  stage  can  be  formed  into  any  shape  required  for  spectacular  purposes. 
The  immense  weights  of  iron  and  stage  floor  are  lifted  and  lowered  by 
hydraulic  machinery  located  beneath.  The  system  is  most  complete,  and 
yet  so  simple  that  the  mere  movement  of  a  lever  can  control  all  its  parts. 
The  water-power  is  obtained  from  an  immense  tank  set  in  the  to^er  180  feet 
above  the  street,  and  two  force  pumps  with  a  capacity  of  400  gallons  per  min- 
ute maintain  the  pressure.  A  unique  feature  is  the  "horizon,"  n  panoramic 
device  moving  on  a  semi-circular  iron  frame  around  the  three  sides  of  the 
stage.  Its  purpose  is  to  do  away  with  the  old  time  "  Sky  borders"  whfch 
have  long  since  grown  next  to  useless,  though  still  found  in  all  other  theatres 
of  America.  This  "Horizon"  is  painted  to  depict  all  phases  of  the  eky, 
clouds  and  clearness,  and  the  effect  of  light  thrown  on  it  from  the  sides  give 
all  the  necessary  effect  of  movement,  lightning,  sunset,  etc.  The  property 
room  lies  above  the  parquet  and  is  a  capacious  compartment  for  tlie  purpose 
of  manufacturing  and  storing  all  the  manifold  furnishings  required  for  every 
conceivable  production.  The  accessories  of  the  stage  are  in  thorough  keeping 
with  its  principal  features. 


120  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

The  dressing-rooms  are  large  and  splendidly  furnished  with  every  neces- 
sary convenience  forartists.  The  electric  apparatus  is  a  wonder  of  complexity 
and  ingenuity  and  the  arrangement  for  the  disposal  and  hanging  of  scene 
drops  are  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  device.  To  sum  up,  it  may  truly  be 
said  that  the  stage  marks  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in  theatrical  produc- 
tions in  this  country. 

The  credit  for  the  conception  of  this  splendid  structure  is  due  to  Mr.  Ferd. 
W.  Peck.  It  was  his  unflagging  energy,  generous  and  optimistic  nature  and 
personal  influence  that  carried  the  great  project  to  completion.  When  others 
saw  disaster,  he  inspired  hope.  The  result  has  demonstrated  his  wisdom  and 
foresight.  Chicago  has  amply  shown  its  appreciation  of  his  successful  effort 
and  the.  world  at  large  has  looked  on  and  applauded.  [See  Auditorium.] 

Battle  of  Gettysburg  Panorama. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  ave. 
and  Panorama  pi.  Take  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  This  magnificent  cyclo- 
rama  has  been  one  of  the  leading  attractions  of  Chicago  for  several  years, 
and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  have  seen  and  admired  it.  The  build- 
ing iu  which  the  painting  is  exhibited  is  similar  to  those  in  the  leading  conti- 
nental cities  of  Europe.  Open  day  and  evening.  Admission,  50  cents; 
children,  half-price. 

Central  Music  Hall. — The  Central  Music  Hall  Block  was  erected  in  1879 
by  a  stock'  company,  its  list  of  stockholders  comprising  many  of  the  wealth- 
iest and  best  known  citizens  of  Chicago.  Its  object  was  "  to  promote  relig- 
ious, educational  and  musical  purposes,  the  culture  of  the  arts,  aud  to  provide 
for  public  amusements  and  entertainments."  The  leader  in  this  then  novel 
enterprise  was  its  first  manager,  the  late  George  B.  Carpenter,  whose  rare 
taste  and  judgment,  as  well  as  his  experience  and  success  as  a  manager,  well 
qualified  him  for  the  task  to  which  he  devoted  so  much  time  and  thought. 
The  architect  chosen  to  embody  these  ideas  in  plans  for  the  building  was  Mr. 
D.  Adler,  senior  member  of  the  present  firm  of  Adler  <fc  Sullivan,  and  «o 
admirably  adapted  was  the  construction  of  the  building  for  the  purposes  of 
its  erection,  it  immediately  became  widely  known  for  its  high  standard  of 
excellence,  and  has  maintained  its  popular  favor.  It  has  a  frontage  of  125 
feet  on  State  street  and  150  feet  on  Randolph  street,  its  central  location  ren- 
dering it  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the  city.  It  is  built  of  grey  cut 
stone,  has  a  wide  and  massive  entrance  of  white  marble,  is  six  stories  in 
height,  and  contains,  besides  the  large  auditorium  from  which  the  building 
derives  its  name,  a  small  recital  hall,  known  as  Apollo  Hall,  twelve  stores, 
seventy  offices,  and  a  perfectly  appointed  photograph  studio. 

The  Apollo  Hall,  which  has  for  years  been  the  rehearsal  home  of  the 
Apollo  Club,  occupies  with  its  parlor  and  dressing  rooms  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  sixth  story,  and  has  recently  been  remodeled,  redecorated  and 
refurnished,  making  it  the  most  attractive  small  hall  in  the  city.  The 
arrangements  of  these  rooms  renders  them  very  desirable  and  in  demand  for 
select  drawing-room  entertainments,  literary,  musical  and  dramatic.  The 
Central  Music  Hall  has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,000,  and  is  the  cosiest,  most 
comfortable  hall  in  the  country.  Much  space  is  given  to  foyer  and  aisles, 
and  to  ample  facilities  for  entrances  and  exits.  It  is  tastefully  decorated  and 
furnished,  and  its  acoustic  properties  have  been  pronounced  perfect  by  the 
great  lyric  artists,  and  the  speakers  who  have,  from  time  to  time,  appeared 
upon  its  stage.  The  graceful  curve  of  the  galleries  is  a  feature  of  the  houeo, 
and  no  seat  is  undesirable  by  reason  of  its  imperfect  view  of  the  stage,  or  dis- 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  GERMANIA  THEATRE,  RANDOLPH  NEAR  CLARK  ST. 
[See  "Amusements."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  121 

tancefrom  it.  As  originally  intended,  the  hall  is  occupied  on  Sunday  morn- 
ings by  the  Central  Church  congregation,  presided  over  by  Prof.  Swing,  and 
for  the  purpose  of  religious  services  there  is  provided  a  magnificent  organ, 
built  expressly  for  the  hall  by  the  well  known  organ  builders,  Wm.  A. 
Johusou  &Son 

The  commercial  part  of  the  building  is  always  rented  to  its  full  capacity 
to  a  high  class  of  tenants,  and  yields  a  handsome  revenue  to  the  stockholders. 
The  present  officers  of  the  company  are  Mr.  John  M.Clark,  president;  Mr. 
Martin  A.  Ryerson,  vice-president,  and  Miss  Emma  S.  Blood,  secretary  and 
business  manager.  The  Board  of  Directors  includes  N.  K.  Fairbank,  Martin 
A.  Ryerson,  R.  T.  Crane,  J.  Russell  Jones,  H.  M.  Singer,  John  M.  Clark,  D. 
Adler,  Eugene  Gary,  and  Henry  Dibblee. 

Chicago  Opera,  House. — Located  in  the  Chicago  Opera  House  building, 
a  magnificent  structure,  southwest  corner  of  Clark  and  Washington  streets, 
opposite  the  Court-house;  close  to  the  principal  hotels  and  convenient  to 
railroad  depots  and  street  car  terminals.  J.  W.  Norton  &  Co.,  proprietors; 
David  Henderson,  manager.  The  theatre  was  built  for  Mr.  Henderson,  and 
arranged  with  the  idea  in  mind  of  the  subsequent  production  upon  a  basis 
never  before  seen  in  this  country  of  spectacular  extravaganza.  For  five  years 
Mr.  Henderson  has  each  season  given  to  Chicago  a  production  of  musical 
burlesque,  on  a  scale  beside  which  everything  else  in  that  line  ever  attempted 
in  America  shrinks  to  pigmy  proportions.  The  first  was  the  "Arabian 
Nights;"  the  second  the  unparalleled  "Crystal  Slipper;"  the  third  a  gor- 
geously environed  version  of  "  Bluebeard  Junior ;"  the  fourth,  a  reproduc- 
tion of  the  "  Slipper,"  with  added  novelties  and  beauties  ;  and  fifth  and  last, 
the  success  of  all  successes,  "  Sinbad."  For  the  summer  of  1892  Mr.  Hen- 
derson has  been  making  more  elaborate  preparations  than  ever  before,  and 
work  is  very  well  along  upon  a  stupendous  production,  which  will  eclipse  in 
beauty  even  the  dazzling  successes  which  have  made  the  Chicago  Opera 
House  and  the  American  Extravaganza  Company  world  famous.  About 
twenty-six  weeks  of  the  season  are  usually  devoted  at  the  Opera  House  to 
musical  extravaganza  of  Mr.  Henderson's  own  production,  and  during  the 
remaining  twenty-six  the  highest  class  combinations  and  the  greatest  stars  in 
the  realms  of  tragedy,  comedy,  the  drama  and  opera  are  to  be  seen  and 
heard  at  the  Chicago  Opera  House.  The  Opera  House  is  essentially  the 
representative  theatre  of  Chicago,  and  a  visitor  there  is  always  assured 
of  high  class  entertainment.  The  prices  range  from  fifty  cents  to  one 
dollar  and  a  half,  according  to  location,  and  the  boxes  are  ten,  twelve 
and  fourteen  dollars  on  the  lower  floor,  and  eight  and  ten  dollars  in  the 
upper  tier.  The  theatre  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  2,300.  The 
proscenium  opening  is  thirty-six  feet  wide,  and  the  height  from 
stage  to  "  gridiron  "  is  seventy  feet,  making  it  one  of  the  finest  stages  in  the 
country  for  plays  requiring  machinery  to  produce  spectacular  effects.  The 
main  floor  of  the  auditorium  is  constructed  of  fire-brick  or  tiling,  supported 
upon  arches  covered  with  a  solid  bed  of  cement;  all  the  galleries  and  boxes 
are  constructed  of  iron  and  steel,  and  there  is  scarcely  a  piece  of  wood  to  be 


122  GUIDE  TO    CHICAGO. 

found  in  the  entire  interior.  The  dressing  rooms  are  below,  and  are  large 
and  comfortable.  There  are  fourteen  exits  distributed  over  the  house.  The 
house  is  illuminated  by  electricity  exclusively.  Admission  prices,  50c.,  75c., 
$1.00  and  $1.50,  according  to  location.  Boxes,  $10,  $12  and  $15. 

Columbia  Ttieatre. — Located  at  the  south  side  of  Monroe,  between  Clark 
and  Dearborn  sts.,  close  to  all  the  leading  hotels  and  convenient  to 
railroad  depots  and  street  car  terminals.  Proprietors,  Al.  Hayman  and 
\Vi!l  J.  Davis;  acting  manager,  Alf.  Hayman.  This  theatre  is  the  predecessor 
of  "Haverly's"  successor  of  the  4<Adelphi,"  which  occupied  the  old  post- 
office  building  on  Monroe  and  Dearborn  sts.,  the  present  site  of  the  First 
National  bank  building.  Haverly  opened  the  new  theatre,  giving  it  his  name, 
on  September  12,  1882,  withRobson  and  Crane  in  "Twelfth  Night."  Business 
reverses  having  compelled  Haverly  to  retire  from  the  management,  a  new 
company  was  formed,  and  the  theatre  was  re-christened  the  "Columbia,"  by 
Miss  Ellen  Terry,  during  an  engagement  of  Henry  Irving,  in  1885.  Since 
then  various  managements  have  had  the  house  in  .charge,  but  all  have  failed, 
with  the  exception  of  the  present  one,  to  secure  for  it  a  sufficiently  steady 
patronage  to  make  the  theatre  a  profitable  one.  Since  Messrs.  Hayman  and 
Davis  secured  a  lease,  however,  the  Columbia  has  grown  in  popularity,  and 
the  patronage  of  the  theatre  now  is  equal  to  that  of  any  in  the  city.  The  very 
best  attractions  are  to  be  found  here,  and  the  scenic  and  other  stage  appoint- 
ments are  always  commensurate  to  the  high  character  of  the  productions.  The 
interior  of  the  Columbia  is  beautiful,  the  decorations  being  at  once  rich  and 
pleasing.  The  house  is  practically  fire-proof,  but  numerous  exits  are  pro- 
vided so  that  ihe  theatre  may  be  emptied  in  a  few  minutes  in  case  of  a  panic 
arising  from  any  cause.  The  house  is  illuminated  by  electricity.  Dimen- 
sions: •  The  building  is  70  by  190  feet,  six  stories  in  height;  stage  70  by  54  feet; 
proscenium  opening  34  feet  wide;  seating  capacity,  2,400.  The  house  is  lit  by 
electricity.  Admission,  25  cts.,  50  cts.,  75  cts.,  $1.00  and  $1.50,  according  to 
location.  Boxes,  $10,  $12  and  $15. 

Casino, — Located  on  Wabash  avenue,  near  Adams  street.  This  is  con- 
ducted after  the  manner  of  the  Berlin  Panopticon,  and  is  principally  an  exhi- 
bition of  wax  works.  Delightful  place  to  spend  an  hour.  There  is  a  stage 
performance  every  afternoon  and  evening.  Lyman  B.  Glover,  business 
manager.  Admission  to  all  parts  of  the  house,  25  and  50  cents;  children,  25 
cents. 

Chickering  Music  Hall. — Formerly  Weber  Music  Hall.  Located  on 
Wabash  aveuue  and  Adams  street.  Chickering,  Chase  Bros.  Co.,  managers. 
Seating  capacity,  400;  stage,  28x20;  no  scenery.  Frequent  high-class  concerts 
are  given  during  the  season. 

Criterion  T/teatre. — Located  on  Sedgwick  and  Division  streets,  North 
Side,  C.  S.  Engle,  lessee;  Alf.  Johnson,  business  manager.  Seating  capacity, 
1.800.  Conducted  as  a  theatre  of  the  light  comedy  and  burlesque  character. 
Has  a  large  neighborhood  patronage. 

Epstean's  New  Dime  Museum. — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Randolph 
St.,  near  Clark  st.  Louis  Epstean,  proprietor.  A  first-class  museum  of  the 
kind,  containing  numerous  curiosities,  novelties  in  the  way  of  human  and 
animal  natural  freaks,  wax  works,  electric  contrivances,  etc.  Very  amusing 
to  children.  Admission  10  cents. 

Freiberg's  Opera  House. — Located  at  180  and  182  Twenty  second  street, 
between  State  street  and  Wabash  avenue.  Not  regularly  open. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  125 

has  achieved  a  phenomenal  popularity  for  "The  Haymarket."  The  theatre 
is  constantly  presenting  attractions  of  a  meritorious  and  a  high  order. 
Admission,  15,  25,  50,  75  cents  and  $1;  Davis'  Turkish  chairs,  $1.50;  boxes, 
$5  to  $10. 

Hooley's  Theatre. — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Randolph,  between 
LaSalle  and  Clark  streets,  opposite  the  Court  House;  close  to  the  leading 
hotels  and  convenient  to  railroad  depots  and  street  car  terminals.  Richard 
M.  Hooley,  proprietor;  Harry  Powers,  business  manager.  Hooley's,  before 
the  great  fire  of  1871,  occupied  the  present  site  of  the  Grand  Opera  House. 
Originally  it  was  "  Bryan's  Hall,"  built  in  1860,  and  opened  by  the  Hans 
Balatka  Orchestra.  In  the  fall  of  1870  the  theatre  passed  into  the  hands  of 
R.  M.  Hooley.  It  was  opened  January  2,  1871,  by  this  veteran  manager, 
with  "  Hooley's  Minstrels"  as  the  attraction.  Negro  minstrelsy  was  then 
in  its  glory,  and  Hooley's  was  one  of  the  best  troupes  in  existence  at  the 
time.  Giacometti's  tragedy  was  on  the  bill  as  the  attraction  for  the  week 
beginning  October  9,  1871,  but  before  the  sun  had  arisen  on  the  morning  of 
tiiat  day  Hooley's  theatre  was  a  blackened  ruin  in  the  midst  of  a  wilderness 
of  ruins.  On  October  17,  1872,  the  present  theatre  was  opened  by  the 
Abbott-Kiralfy  Company  in  the  "Black  Crook."  Once,  for  only  a  brief 
period,  however,  Mr.  Hooley's  name  disappeared  from  connection  with  this 
theatre.  The  ephemeral  Haverly  secured  a  lease  of  it  in  some  manner  for 
one  season,  and  gave  it  his  name,  as  he  did  to  everything  he  touched.  Mr. 
Hooley,  upon  regaining  possession,  remodeled  and  refitted  the  theatre,  and 
twice  since  that  time  it  has  undergone  almost  a  complete  transformation. 
It  is  generally  known  as  "  Hooley's  Parlor  Home  of  Comedy,"  and  the  title 
conveys  a  proper  idea  of  the  popular  family  resort.  •  The  seating  capacity  of 
the  theatre  is  1,506;  the  stage  is  42x62;  proscenium  opening,  33x34; 
height  to  "  gridiron,"  62  feet.  The  theatre  is  also  supplied  with  the  latest 
patent  smoke  and  fire  escape  and  ventilator.  The  auditorium  is  furnished 
with  "Hooley's  Opera  Chair, "and lighted  throughout  by  the  latest  incandes- 
cent electric  system.  Hooley's  theatre  has  the  reputation  among  theatrical 
managers  as  being  the  most  successful  and  popular  in  the  United  States.  The 
gross  receipts  for  the  season  of  1890-91  amounted  to  $346,858  for  a  period  of 
52  weeks.  The  average  weekly  receipts  for  the  regular  theatre  term — Sep- 
tember 1  to  June  30  of  the  same  season — exceeded  $7,000.  Hooley's  theatre 
has  been  selected  by  Mr.  Augustin  Daly,  Mr.  Daniel  Frohman  and  Mr.  A.  M. 
Palmer  for  the  engagements  each  year  of  their  celebrated  companies;  alsb"by 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kewdal,  Mr.  E.  S.  Willard,  and  the  great  French  comedian,  M. 
Coquelin. 

H.  R.  Jacobs'  Academy.  —  Located  on  the  west  side  of  South  Halsted,  near 
West  Madison  street.  Take  Madison  street  cable  line.  H.  R.  Jacobs,  mana- 
ger. This  place  of  amusement  was  first  popularized  under  the  management 
of  the  late  William  Emmett,  who  dragged  it  out  of  obscurity,  almost,  and 
made  it  one  of  the  most  profitable  theatrical  houses  in  Chicago.  It  was  then 
known  simply  as  the  Academy  of  Music.  Upon  Emmett's  retirement  it  fell 
into  the  hands  of  Daniel  Shelby,  and  was  known  as  "  Shelby's  Academy  of 
Music."  Outside  ventures,  as  in  Emmett's  case,  compelled  Shelby  to  retire, 
and  Mr.  Jacobs  secured  the  management.  It  is  conducted  as  a  comedy  and 
high-class  vaudeville  theatre.  The  interior  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city,  the 
furnishings  being  beautiful.  It  was  twice  destroyed  by  fire,  and  twice  com- 
pletely remodeled .  The  theatre  seats  1 , 800. 


126  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

H.  R.  Jacobs'  Clark  Street  Theatre, — Located  on  the  east  side  of  North 
Clark  St.,  near  the  bridge.  Formerly  McCormick's  hall,  later  the  Casino.  Has 
been  remodeled  and  refitted  in  a  first-class  manner.  H.  R.  Jacobs,  lessee; 
Joseph  A.  Chenet,  manager.  A  popular  light  comedy  and  vaudeville 
theatre. 

Standard  Theatre. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Halsted  and  Jackson  streets, 
West  Side.  Take  South  Halsted  or  Van  Buren  street  cars.  Jacob  Litt,  lessee 
and  manager.  Seating  ca'pacity,  2,200;  stage,  60x40  feet;  proscenium  open- 
ing, 32  feet;  height  to  "  gridiron,"  20  feet.  The  theatre  was  erected  in  1883. 
Light  comedy  and  burlesque  are  produced  here  generally.  Admission  from 
10  cents  to  $1,  according  to  location  of  seats. 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  South  Side  Museum.— Located  at  146,  148,  150  and 
152  South  Clark  St.,  near  Madison.  Kohl  &  Middletou,  proprietors.  Ihis 
is  what  is  popularly  known  as  a  dime  museum.  Stage  performances  are  given 
almost  hourly  through  the  day.  A  visit  to  the  place  will  reveal  a  curious 
collection  of  freaks,  etc.  Admission,  10  cents. 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  West  Side  Museum. — Located  on  W.  Madison  street, 
opposite  Union  street,  West  Side  Conducted  on  the  same  general  plan  as 
South  Side  museum  of  the  same  name.  Open  day  and  evening.  Admission, 
10  cents. 

Libby  Prison  Museum  — Located  on  Wabash  avenue,  between  Fourteenth 
and  Sixteenth  streets.  One  of  the  principal  permanent  attractions  of  the 
city.  The  original  Libby  prison  (transported  from  Richmond,  Va.,  and  put 
up,  brick  after  brick,  just  as  it  stood  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  when 
used  as  a  prisofl  for  Union  soldiers)  is  enclosed  within  massive  walls,  built 
after  the  manner  of  the  middle  ages  (see  illustration).  Among  the  attractions 
offered  in  Libby  Prison  are  the  following:  Portraits  in  oil  of  all  the  leading 
Northern  and  Southern  general?  and  statesmen;  all  kinds  of  firearms  used  in 
America,  from  colonial  times  to  the  present  period;  the  finest  collection  of 
shot  and  shell  used  in  American  warfare;  the  original  first  dispatches  of  war 
from  Generals  McClellan,  Grant,  Hooker, Sherman,  etc.;  the  original  accept- 
ance of  the  command  of  the  Confederate  Army  by  Generals  Lee  and  Slene- 
wall  Jackson;  original  portraits  of  Abraham  Lineolu  and  Mrs.  Lincoln,  with 
relics  and  mementos;  the  stove,  goose  and  shears  used  by  Andrew  Johnson 
when  working  as  a  tailor  in  Tennessee;  the  original  will  made  by  John 
Brown  an  hour  before  his  execution;  the  very  rare  curiosity  of  two  bullets 
that  met  in  mid-air  in  battle  at  Petersburgh;  the  finest  collection  of  historic 
chairs  in  America;  the  original  photographs  of  scr-nc-s  in  Sherman's  March 
from  Atlanta  to  the  Sea;  the  original  commission  of  Jeff.  Davis  to  Congress 
in  1845;  also  his  commission  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  the  wheel  of  Commo- 
dore Perry's  flag-ship,  "  Powhatan."  that  opened  the  ports  of  Japan  to  the 
world;  the  original  Arctic  clothing  used  in  the  Greely  relief  expedition. 
Admission,  50  cents;  children,  half-price;  open  day  and  evening. 

Lyceum  Theatre  — Located  on  Desplaines  ft.,  between  Madison  and  Wash- 
ington sts.     T.  L.  Greuier,  proprietor.     A  variety  theatre. 

Madison  Street  Theatre  — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Madison  street, 
opposite  McVicker's  theatre.  S.  G.  Jnck,  manager.  Seating  capacity,  1,400; 
stage,  22x68;  proscenium  c.peninir,  37;  height  to  gridiron,  13;  to  lolt,  19. 
Open  the  year  around;  two  performances  daily. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  127 

McVicker's  Theatre. — Madison  street,  between  State  and  Dearborn  streets. 
The  McVicker  Theatre  Co.,  proprietor;  J.  H.  McVicker,  president  and  man- 
ager; L.  L.  Sharpe,  assistant  manager  and  secretary;  H.  G.  Sommers,  treasu- 
rer. McVicker's  theatre  is  considered  the  handsomest  and  most  complete 
theatre  in  the  United  States.  It  was  originally  opened  November  5,  1857, 
Mr.  J.  H.  McVicker  taking  the  part  of  "  Cousin  Joe"  in  the  initial  perform- 
ance. The  theatre  was  rebuilt  in  1871  and  opened  in  August,  only  to  be 
burned  to  the  ground  by  that  memorable  conflagration  of  October  5,  1871. 
Nothing  daunted,  Mr.  McVicker  again  reconstructed  his  theatre,  and  it  was 
open  for  the  third  time  August  15,  1872.  Mr.  McVicker,  always  looking  to 
advance  the  interest  of  his  art,  and  having  the  welfare  and  the  comfort  of  the 
theatre-going  public  at  heart,  entirely  remodeled  the  theatre,  putting  in  all  the 
modern  conveniences  and  improvements;  and  on  July  1,  1885,  the  fourth  new 
McVicker  theatre  was  thrown  open  to  the  public,  and  they  united  with  the 
press  in  proclaiming  it  the  handsomest  and  safest  theatre  building  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  open  on  all  sides.  It  has  twenty -one  exits.  It  has  more 
aisles  than  anfp  other  theatre,  and  each  leads  to  a  door.  It  is  simply  a  model 
theatre.  On  the  morning  of  August  26,  1890,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Mr. 
McVicker  was  away  from  the  city  at  the  time,  but  immediately  on  his  return 
preparations  were  commenced  for  rebuilding,  and  on  March  30,  1891,  the 
handsomest  theatre  in  the  United  States  was  opened  for  inspection.  There 
are  two  historic  features  in  the  theatre  which  alone  are  worth  the  price  of 
admission.  They  are  bas  reliefs,  one  representing  the  "Massacre  of  Fort 
Dearborn  ;"  the  other,  "  La  Salle  Discovery  of  Illinois."  These  were  fur- 
nished by  Johanfles  Gelert,  the  sculptor,  and  are  considered  among  his  best 
works.  McVicker  Theatre  is  now  in  its  thirty-fifth  year,  and  is  probably  the 
widest  known  playhouse  in  America.  It  always  has  the  best  class  of  enter 
tainments,  and  one  will  surely  find  amusement  there. 

New  Windsor  Theatre.— Located  at  North  Clark  and  Division  streets. 
Take  North  Clark  street  cable  line.  M.  B.  Leavitt,  proprietor;  Ben  Leavitt, 
manager.  Seating  capacity,  two  thousand.  Stage,  49x70  feet;  proscenium 
opening,  forty-three  feet;  height  logridiron,  twenty  two  feet;  the  loft,  65  feet. 
This  is  abeautiful  little  theatre,  is  conducted  in  a  first-class  manner  and  is  very 
popular  with  North  Side  residents. 

Park  Theatre. — Located  on  State,  between  Congress  and  Harrison  sts. 
J.  D.  Long,  proprietor  and  manager.  This  is  a  strictly  variety  theatre. 
Seating  capacity,  1,500;  stage,  35  by  40. 

Peoples  iheatre. — Located  on  the  east  side  of  State  street  on  Congress  and 
Harrison  streets.  Jo.  Baylies,  lessee  and  manager.  Conducted  as  a  combina- 
tion theatre. 

Timmerman  Opera  House. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Sixty-third  street 
and  Stewart  ave.  Take  train  at  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Bufen  and  Sher- 
man sts.,  or  State  st.  cable  line  to  Englewood.  H.  B.  Thearle,  manager; 
Harry  M.  Heneford,  acting  manager.  The  building  in  which  the  theatre  is 
located  is  the  most  imposing  one  in  Englewood.  It  is  named  after  its  pro- 
jector, Ben  Timmerman,  and  its  cost  was  $100,000.  The  building  is  finished 
in  red  brick,  terra  cotta  and  stone  trimmings,  and  is  exceedingly  pleasing  in 
architectural  design.  There  are  large  bay  windows  on  the  Sixty  third  street 
front  and  handsome  iron  balconies  on  the  Stewart  avenue  side.  The  audi- 
torium is  on  the  ground  floor,  and  in  beauty  and  richness  of  furnishings  and 


128  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

decorations  is  equal  to  any  theatre  in  the  city.  Silk,  velvet  and  plush  drap- 
eries in  harmonious  shades  add  to  the  elegance  of  the  luxurious  interior. 
The  aisles  are  wide  and  the  seat  rows  are  arranged  with  sufficient  width 
between  to  insure  the  comfort  of  auditors.  Twelve  hundred  persons  may 
find  seats — the  first  floor  and  balcony  being  provided  with  opera  chairs — and 
several  hundred  others  may  see  the  stage  from  "  standing  room,"should  they 
so  elect.  The  house  is  lighted  by  incandescent  electric  lights  and  is  heated 
by  steam,  a  late  device  in  ventilation  being  employed.  The  precautions 
against  danger  from  fire  are  most  complete.  The  theatre  is  open  on  four 
sides,  and  in  addition  to  this  there  are  seven  exits  from  the  main  floor,  six 
from  the  balcony  and  three  from  the  gallery.  It  is  calculated  that  when  the 
house  is  crowded  the  audience  may  disperse  in  one  and  one-half  minutes. 
The  stage  is  forty-nine  feet  wide  and  thirty-four  feet  deep,  while  the  height 
to  the  rigging  loft  is  ninety  feet.  A  complete  and  modern  stage  equipment 
has  been  given  the  stage,  and  the  most  pretentious  productions  may  be  per- 
fectly presented  on  its  boards.  The  drop  curtain,  the  work  of  a  local  artist, 
presents  a  handsome  marine  view. 

Waverly  TJieatre. — Located  on  W.  Madison  street,  between  Throop  and 
Loomis  streets,  West  Side.  Take  W.  Madison  street  cable.  Seating  capacity, 
1,400;  stage,  40x60.  A  comedy  and  vaudeville  theatre. 

Other  Places  of  Amusement. — In  addition  to  the  places  mentioned  above, 
tttere  are  innumerable  concerts,  lectures,  etc.,  in  the  various  halls  of  the  city, 
nightly.  There  are  also  winter  and  summer  permanent  circuses,  mechanical 
riding  schools,  "merry-go-'rounds,"  picture  galleries,  etc.,  open  daily  and 
evening.  There  are  also  club  balls,  mask  balls  and  numerous  entertainments 
advertised  in  the  daily  papers.  See  daily  papers,  also,  for  excursions  by 
land  and  water.  Concert  Halls  of  varying  degrees  of  respectability  are  open 
in  all  parts  of  the  city;  but  the  visitor  will  have  to  be  guided  by  his  own  dis- 
cretion regarding  these  and  other  places  of  amusement  not  mentioned  above. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

The  traveled  stranger,  to  whom  the  great  cities  of  the  world  are  familiar, 
however  he  may  become  impressed  with  the  manners  and  customs  of  our  poo- 
pic,  or  with  their  methods  of  doing  business,  and  however  loath  he  may  be  to 
admit  the  justice  of  our  claims  to  pre  eminence  in  other  respects,  must  acknowl- 
edge that  this  is  the  best  built  city  in  the  universe  to-day.  For  nearly  twenty 
years,  or  since  the  great  fire  of  1871  swept  over  the  business  center  of  the 
city,  and  laid  it  in  rains,  architecture  in  Chicago  has  been  steadily  marching 
forward,  until  we  are  enabled  in  1891  to  point  out  some  of  the  grandest 
achievements  of  the  art  to  be  found  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 

Character  of  Chicago  Buildings. — The  character  of  the  great  buildings 
erected  during  recent  years  in  Chicago  demonstrates  that  architects  have 
risen  to  the  plane  of,  the  highest  constructive  knowledge  in  structures.  It  is 
not  enough  to  use  a  material  guaranteed  by  the  maker,  but  Chicago's  archi- 
tects themselves  now  employ  engineers  for  the  special  purpose  of  examining 
and  testing  each  and  every  piece  and  passing  their  individual  opinion  upon  it 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  129 

in  a  written  report,  and  only  such  as  is  accepted  by  these  engineers  is  used  in 
the  buildings.  So  essentjpl  and  necessary  is  this  department  of  architectural 
engineering  considered,  that  specialists  are  sent  to  the  mills  which  furnish 
the  iron  and  steel  structural  shapes  and  beams  for  buildings,  and  the  metal  is 
not  only  tested  in  the  ingot,  but  the  strength  of  resistance  is  ascertained  for 
every  finished  beam.  The  result  of  all  this  gives  to  Chicago  buildings  which 
are  not  only  theoretically  safe,  but  known  to  absolute  certainty  to  be  safe 
down  to  the  last  cubic  foot  of  masonry  and  the  last  cubic  inch  of  steel.  In 
this  respect  Chicago  is  unique,  and  it  is  a  common  remark  in  Eastern  and 
foreign  cities,  among  those  actively  engaged  in  building,  that  Chicago  to  day 
erects  the  best- built  structures  ever  known,  and  with  the  notable  distinction 
that  she  does  it  with  the  closest  economy  in  material  and  time.  That  is  to 
say,  that  it  is  a  fact  that  in  Chicago  buildings  the  quality  is  better,  the  dis- 
tribution of  material  is  more  skillful  and  the  buildings  are  naturally  more 
reliable.  The  buildings  have  all  been  constructed  fire-proof  to  a  degree  sur- 
passing those  erected  under  old  methods.  Not  only  are  steel  and  iron  used 
for  supports  for  girders  and  for  joists,  but  they  are  covered  with  fire  clay, 
which  is  so  disposed  that  air  chambers  are  left  next  to  the  iron  or  steel  in 
every  case,  making  it  impossible  for  the  metal  to  be  overheated,  even  by  the 
hottest  fires. 

Method  of  Construction. — While  many  of  the  largest  and  handsomest  of 
Chicago's  buildings  are  built  solidly  of  stone,  a  new  system  has  found  much 
favor  here,  and  is  being  generally  followed  now  ia  the  construction  of  the 
mammoth  buildings  known  as  "Sky  Scrapers,"  which  has  given  Chicagoa 
new  celebrity.  This  is  known  as  the  steel-frame  system,  the  structure  proper 
being  erected  from  the. foundation  entirely  independent  of  the  walls,  which 
consist  of  a  mask  of  terra  cotta  or  other  material  not  intended  to  serve  as  a 
support  for  the  edifice  in  any  way.  The  floors  consist  of  steel  beams  with 
arched  terra  cotta  tile-work  filled  in  between  them,  and  covered  either  with 
the  usual  floor  boards,  or  with  ornamental  tiles,  or  mosaic  work.  The  par- 
titions are  built  of  hollow  terra  cotta  tiles.  As  little  wood  as  possible  is  used, 
so  that  these  tall  structures  are  as  nearly  fire-proof  as  they  can  be  made. 
Owing  to  the  character  of  the  ground  on  which  Chicago  is  built,  the  con- 
struction of  the  foundations  of  large  buildings  is  a  much  more  serious 
problem  than  in  most  large  cities.  Water  is  encountered  at  a  very  slight 
depth  below  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Piling  was  at  first  used,  but  experi- 
ence demonstrated  that  it  did  not  form  a  satisfactory  foundation.  The 
method  now  employed  is  the  formation  of  a  solid  substructure  of  steel  beams 
or  rails  and  concrete.  The  steel  pieces  laid  crosswise  are  of  a  length  pro- 
portioned to  the  weight  they  will  have  to  sustain,  and  are  imbedded  in  con- 
crete. Other  beams  or  rails  are  then  laid  lengthwise,  with  concrete  filled  in, 
and  thus  several  layers  are  placed  in  position  until  the  foundation  is  com- 
pleted. Hundreds  of  tons  of  steel  may  thus  be  imbedded  in  Chicago  earth 
before  the  walls  of  a  building  are  on  a  level  with  the  surface. 

Office  Buildings. — Fifteen  years  ago  there  was  no  such  thing  as  an  office 
building  known  in  Chicago.  The  Howland  Block, on  the  southwest  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Monroe  streets;  the  Kentucky  Block,  on  the  northeast  corner 
of  Clark  and  Adams  streets,  and  the  Ashland  Block,  on  the  northeast  corner 
of  Clark  and  Randolph  streets  came  nearer  the  requirements  of  office  build- 
ings than  any  in  the  city.  Strictly,  they  were  what  insurance  men  would 
have  denominated  omnibus  blocks.  To-day  the  office  buildings  of  Chicago 


130  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

rise  up  in  every  direction.    They  do  more  than  rise  up.    They  tower,  and 
some  of  them  seem  to  soar.     And  they  are  what  their  names  indicate — office 
buildings.     The  stranger  in  his  travels  about  down:town  is  impressed  with 
the  idea  that  the  business  of  Chicago  is  done  in  offices.    Think  of  Only  a  few 
of  these  office  structures:    The  new  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building  has  500 
offices  in  its  thirteen  stories.      Temple  Court,  at  the  corner  of  Quincy  and 
Dearborn  streets,  has  400  offices  beneath  its  roof.     The  Mouon,  two  blocks 
south,  has  300  rooms  in  its  thirteen  stories.     The  Manhattan,  an  exclusive 
office  structure  building,  opposite  the  Monon,  is  sixteen  stories  high  and  con- 
tains 700  offices.     The  R  >okery,with  over  600  rooms,  is  a  wilderness  of 
offices,  one  great  pile  of  marble,  andiron,  and  glass,  and  tiling.     The  Home 
Insurance  Company  Building,  which,  when  completed  a  few  years  ago,  was 
looked  upon  as  the  ultima  thule  in  office  buildings,  has  had  its  dizzy  heights 
capped  by  two  additional  stories,  so  that  the  occupnnts  of  the  top  floor  look 
down  upon  those  of  the  top  floor  of  the  Rookery.     The  Tacorna,  that  grace- 
ful structure  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Madison  and  LaSalle  streets,  has  500 
abodes  on  its  many  floors.     Mailer's  building,  on  the  southwest  corner  of 
LaSalle  and  Quincy  streets;  the  Gaff  and   Counseknan  Buildings,  and  the 
Royal  Insurance  Company's  building  adjoining,  contain  110  and  200  and  300 
and  400  offices.     "Brother  Jonathan"  Building,  on  Sherman  and  Jackson 
streets;  the  Rialto,  which  gives  the  Board  of  Trade  a  Venetian  atmosphere, 
and  the  Insurance  Exchange,   opposite  the  Rookery,  are  colonies  within 
themselves. 

Some  Notable  Examples. — At  the  proper  time  and  in  the  proper  place  many 
of  the  great  structures  of  Chicago  will  be  pointed  out  to  the  visitor  and 
described.  Some  of  the  great  architectural  monuments  that  shall  demand 
attention  here  are,  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  '^.Rookery,"  the  Phoenix  building, 
the  Counselman  building,  the  Gaff  building,  the  Insurance  Exchange  build- 
ing, the  Home  Insurance  building,  the  Calumet  building,  the  Tacoma 
building,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  bldg.,  the  Manhattan  blag.,  the  Temple, 
the  Ashland  bldg.,  the  new  German  Theatre,  and  the  City  Hall  and  Court 
House  ;  all  of  which  may  be  seen  in  a  walk  down  La  Salle  street,  from  Ran- 
dolph to  Jackson  street.  Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  retail  store,  the  Palmer 
House  and  the  Leiter  building,  on  State  street.  The  Auditorium,  Stude- 
baker,  Art  Institute  and  Pullman  buildings,  on  Michigan  avenue.  The  im- 
mense structures  that  are  now  rising,  and  have  arisen  like  giants  on  South 
Dearborn  street  during  the  past  two  years;  the  Rialto  and  surround- 
ing structures  on  Van  Buren  street ;  the  Royal  Insurance  building  on  Jackson 
street;  the  Rand  &McNally,  and  the  Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  building  on  Adams 
street ;  the  Grand  Central'railroad  depot  on  Fifth  ave.;  the  Herald  building 
on  Washington  street,  and  the  First  Regiment  Armory  on  Michigan  boule- 
vard. Besides  these,  the  great  Masonic  Temple,  the  Temperance  Temple, 
and  a  score  of  other  magnificent  structures,  now  in  course  of  erection,  will 
add  to  the  amazement  of  the  foreign  or  the  American  visitor,  who  has  been 
taught  to  look  upon  Chicago  as  a  clumsily-built  Western  town. 

Stfd,  Construction. — Chicago  is  rapidly  becoming  a  city  of  steel  from  the 
enormous  quantity  of  that  material  used  in  the  great  down-town  buildings. 
This  extensive  use  of  rolled  steel  for  the  skeletons  of  massive  sky  scrapers  has 
not  only  revolutionized  the  style  of  building,  but  it  has  as  well  created  a  new 
industry.  The  Chicago  Opera  House  was  the  first  fire  proof  building  in  the 
city  in  which  this  radical  departure  in  building  rules  was  tnade.  The  floor 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA*  131 

beams  were  those  first  used  of  steel.  The  columns  were  of  cast  iron.  Then 
followed  the  Rookery,  Counselman,  Gaff  and  Boaid  of  Trade  buildings,  all 
with  steel  beams  and  cast  iron  columns.  But  steel  is  gradually  replacing 
cast-iron  for  columns.  The  Rand-McNally  building  was  the  first  in  which 
steel  was  used  exclusively.  But  the  Monadnock,  Pontiac,  Caxton,  Kearsage, 
Northern  Hotel,  Masonic  and  Tempi  ranee  Temples,  the  new  Athletic  Club 
building,  the  Ashland  building,  the  Cook  County  Abstract  building  and  the 
Fair  building,  are  all  steel  structures.  The  steel  used  besides  the  beams  and 
columns  is  found  intheframesof  bay  windows,  roof  work,  supports  for  roofs — 
in  fact,  everything  that  assists  in  holding  the  weight  of  the  building.  The 
foundations  also  are  of  steel. 

WHERE  THE  STEEL  COMES  FROM. — This  steel  comes  from  various  points. 
Almost  all  the  heavy  steel  rails  used  in  foundations  are  made  by  the  Illinois 
Steel  Company  here  in  Chicago.  These  are  the  regular  rails  in  use  on  rail- 
ways. Rails  are  made  to  weigh  from  sixty  to  eighty  pounds  to  the  yard  in 
length.  The  seventy-five  pound  rails  are  the  ones  used  in  foundations.  Those 
foundations  are  laid  deep  of  tiers  of  rails  crossed,  and  are  extended  always 
into  the  street  or  alley  beyond  the  building  line,  the  distance  varying  accord- 
ing to  the  height  and  weight  of  the  building.  To  illustrate:  Under 
the  Fair  building  foundation  rails  reach  out  twelve  feet  under  the  street  and 
nine  feet  under  the  alley. 

Of  the  steel  beams  90  per  cent,  comes  from  Pittsburgh,  from  the  mills  of 
Carnegie,  Phipps  &  Co.  and  Jones  &  Laughlin.  A  heavy  trade  in  beams  is 
also  done  in  Potts ville,  Pa.;  Trenton,  N.  J.jaud  Pho3nixville,  Pa.  Certain 
sizes  of  steel  beams  are  made  by  the  Illinois  Steel  Company. 

COST  OF  STEEL  BUILDING. — Steel  columns  and  beams  are  worth  $75 
a  ton  delivered  in  Chicago.  The  combination  price  of  steel  beams  is  $3.20  a 
hundred  pounds,  without  any  fittings,  Chicago  delivery.  Small  materials  in 
steel  for  such  as  windows  and  roof  work  cost  from  3  to  5  cents  a  pound.  The 
price  on  steel  varies  but  little,  as  the  mills  have  an  agreement  and  there  are 
but  trifling  deviations.  As  to  relative  cost  of  a  steel-ribbed  building  to  day 
and  one  of  the  best  styled  structures,  say,  ten  years  ago,  the  modern  one  is 
the  more  expensive,  for  labor  is  costlier  now  than  then.  What  really  gave 
birth  to  this  steel  style  of  construction  was  the  fact  that  none  of  the  down- 
town Chicagoans  wanted  to  leave  the  center  of  the  city.  Land  and  space 
grew  more  valuable  and  taller  buildings  became  a  necessity.  The  principal 
advantage  of  steel  ones  and  the  old  style  of  construction  is  that  the  building 
can  be  m-ide  higher  with  safety.  This  style  is  lighter  and  stronger  than  the 
old  method,  too. 

Steel  is  succeeding  cast  iron.  This  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that  there 
is  no  practicable  way  of  testing  cast  iron,  while  there  is  of  steel.  None  of  the 
manufacturers  have  ever  made  a  machine  to  test  cast  iron.  Cast  iron  col- 
umns are  cast  hollow  while  lying  horizontally.  The  metal  which  is  poured 
in,  by  running  round  the  core  to  the  bottom  first,  may  press  the  core  upward, 
so  that  on  cooling  the  upper  side  of  the  column  may  be  thinner  than  the 
under  side.  Again,  there  may  be  air  bubbles  form  between  two  currents 
of  molten  metal.  What  inspection  is  made  is  to  look  for  those  two  defects. 
One  method  to  determine  the  thickness  is  to  bore  small  holes  through  the 
column,  but  there  is  absolutely  no  way  to  discover  those  air  bubbles.  The 
only  other  test  is  to  set  the  column  on  end  and  bring  an  enormous  hydraulic 
pressure  to  bear  on  it.  Cast  iron  columns  are  fastened  together  in  the  build- 


132  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

ing  by  bolts  screwed  on,  while  steel  columns  are  riveted  together  in  the  build- 
ing with  redhot  rivets.    This  makes  the  structure  more  solid. 

TESTING  STEEL  COLUMNS. — The  manner  of  testing  steel  is  thorough. 
The  steel  used  is  the  Bessemer,  and  is  rolled  between  wheels  under  a  tremen- 
dous pressure.  Air  bubbles  are  pressed  out.  The  columns  are  not  round. 
They  are  made  in  plate  form  and  riveted.  They  can  be  seen  on  all  sides  so 
as  to  determine  their  thickness.  The  inspection  is  elaborate.  The  inspec- 
tors take  a  quantity  of  ore  out  of  each  "  blow  "  and  test  it  as  to  the  quality  of 
the  steel  it  will  make.  If  it  is  not  up  to  the  requirements  builders  take  no 
steel  made  from  that  "blow."  It  is  inspected  and  tested  again  when  the  steel 
is  made  and  again  while  it  is  being  put  together,  and  if  found  defective  at 
any  point  it  is  not  used.  Again,  every  piece  of  structural  steel  is  numbered; 
not  only  that,  but  the  ore  is  designated  that  shall  go  into  a  certain  piece  of 
steel.  ^  So  thorough  is  this  followed  in  detail  and  recorded  that  a  builder  by 
referring  to  his  office  record  can  trace  back  the  course  of  any  piece  of  steel 
in  a  building  through  the  three  stages  of  inspection,  back  to  its  original  ore 
shape.  In  case  of  an  accident  he  could  thus  locate  the  responsibility. 

INSPECTION  OP  STEEL. — One  of  those  inspections  tests  the  breaking  power 
of  the  steel,  and  builders  load  a  building  above  one-fifth  of  that  breaking 
power.  In  calculating  so  as  to  insure  safety,  they  figure  first  on  the  straight 
downward  pressure,  then  on  the  resistance  of  the  wind.  Besides  this,  on  the 
tops  of  all  these  big  office  buildings  are  great  water  tanks  to  furnish  water 
to  run  elevators  and  for  the  bowls,  as  the  city  water  pressure  does  not  drive 
water  to  the  top  of  sky-scrapers.  Those  full  tanks  are  of  tremendous  weight. 
There  must  be  extra  support  for  their  weight.  Then  the  strain  on  an  eleva- 
tor is  enormous  at  times.  If  filled  with  people,  it  is  going  down  rapidly  and 
suddenly  stops,  the  columns  supporting  that  elevator  must  be  extra  strong 
or  something  will  break.  There  are  do/ens  of  things  that  must  be  allowed 
for.  It's  a  trade,  a  profession  by  itself,  and  there's  plenty  of  room  for  think- 
ing in  it.  Every  precaution  is  taken  to  guard  against  accident  and  to  assure 
safety;  that  is  to  say,  among  those  architects  and  builders  of  the  city  who 
have  devoted  great  time  to  this  class  of  structures  and  whose  names  are 
identified  in  the  public  mind  with  this  Chicago  style  of  architecture. 

ART. 

There  are  estimated  to  be  in  Chicago  at  least  five  hundred  artists,  who 
are  engaged  exclusively  in  their  calling,  and  who  find  a  ready  market  for 
their  work,  if  it  is  meritorious  in  character.  There  are  here  a  large  number 
of  gentleman  of  wealth  who  have  devoted  themselves  for  years  past  to  fos- 
tering the  development  of  art  in  Chicago,  and  who  have  contributed  largely 
toward  popularizing  art  exhibitions  and  art  studies.  During  the  past  few 
years  great  progress  has  been  made  in  the  direction  of  building  of  private  gal- 
leries, and  the  walls  of  many  of  the  residences  of  the  city  are  now  orna- 
mented with  some  of  the  choicest  productions  of  the  studios  of  Europe  and 
America. 


.     THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  133 

Permanent  Art  Building. — Now  in  course  of  construction,  on  the  Lake 
Front,  site  of  the  old  later-State  Expositon  building,  main  entrance  to  face 
Adams  st.  Within  easy  walking  distance  of  all  railroad  depots,  street  car 
terminals,  hotels,  etc.,  in  the  heart  of  the  business  center.  This  magnificent 
structure  takes  the  place  of  the  present  Art  Institute,  Michigan  ave.  and  Van 
Buren  St.,  which  passes  into  the  possesion  of  the  Chicago  Club.  The  design 
of  the  new  institute  was  prepared  by  Architects  Shepley,  Rutan  and  Cool- 
idge,  and  was  subjected  to  changes  at  the  hands  of  the  Committee  on  Build- 
ings. The  structure  has  a  frontage  of  320  feet  on  Michigan  ave.;  the  main 
depth  is  175  feet,  with  projections  making  an  arc  208  ftet  in  depth.  The 
plan  is  that  of  a  parallelogram.  It  consists  of  two  galleries,  the  tirst  being 
devoted  to  plaster  casts,  sculptures,  busts,  models,  etc. ;  the  second  to  pictures, 
being  lighted  by  sky-lights  from  above.  The  main  galleries  are  twenty-seven 
feet  wide  and  the  second  galleries  twelve  feet  wide.  The  main  staircase  is 
directly  in  front  as  the  visitor  enters.  On  one  side  is  a  lecture  room  capable 
of  seating  1,000  people,  and  on  the  other  a  library  in  which  is  kept  the  refer- 
ence boous  pertaining  to  art.  The  plan  of  the  picture  galleries  is  similar  to 
that  of  the  statuary  halls  below,  except  that  most  of  the  rooms  are  lighted  by 
skylights.  The  whole  building  is  constructed  of  Bedford  liaieslone,  with 
a  base  of  granite  extending  to  the  water-table.  The  lower  portion  is  rusti- 
cated as  far  as  the  top  of  the  first  floor.  Above  this  is  a  plain  band  of 
chiseled  stone,  and  surmounting  this  is  panels  filled  with  statuary.  Sur- 
mounting this  is  an  entablature  and  cornice  richly  decorated,  the  effect  of 
which  is  highly  increased  by  the  plain  surface  below.  The  idea  of  the  exte- 
rior is  to  the  main  masses  plain  and  simple,  grouping  the  richness  in  certain 
places  which  are  important  in  the  design  of  the  building.  The  roof  is  of 
copper  and  glass  and  presents  au  ornate  and  artistic  appearance.  The  entrance 
hall  is  marble,  and  the  principal  feature  is  the  grand  staircase,  which  is  in  a 
case  fifty  feet  square.  This  is  lighted  by  a  large  skylight  overhead,  and  an 
arcade  is  formed  by  arches  on  all  four  sides.  The  marble  work  of  the 
staircase  is  white,  and  the  decoration  is  in  keeping  with  it.  The  vestibule  Is 
in  marble  and  mosaic,  and  beyond  this  is  the  entrance  hall,  which  is  in  mar- 
ble, with  mosaic  floors  and  ceiling.  The  galleries  lead  out  from  this  from 
either  side,  and  are  entered  through  arched  openings.  The  plans  provided  for  the 
use  of  hollow  brick  inner  walls  overlaid  with  one  and  one-half  inch  planks,  cov- 
ered with  canvas,  which  allows  heavy  pictures  to  be  screwed  to  the  walls  where 
most  convenient.  The  building  is  lighted  by  electricity,  and  all  modern 
improvements  are  used.  It  has  been  decided  by  the  Art  Institute  Trustees  not 
to  build*  the  grand  staircase  and  central  wing  until  after  the  close  of  the  Fair. 
The  present  staircase  is  a  double  one,  eight  feet  wide,  and  will  furnish  ample 
room.  The  building  stands  as  far  back  from  the  Michigan  avenue  sidewalk 
as  it  can  be  placed,  and  furnish  room  for  a  roadway  between  it  and  the 
Illinois  Central  tracks.  The  entrance  to  the  vestibule  is  through  three  arched 
openings.  The  funds  for  the  construction  of  the  Art  Palace  were  derived 
from  three  sources.  The  Art  Institute,  by  the  sale  of  its  old  building  to  the 
Chicago  Club,  realized  $275,000,  the  World's  Fair  Directory  contributed 
$200,000,  and  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  President  of  the  Art  Institute,  raised  by 
private  subscription  $55,000.  This  makes  a  total  of  $530,000;  but  an  addi- 
tional $70,000  was  raised,  so  that  the  total  cost  amounted  to  $600,000. 

Art  Institute  of  Chicago,  Art  Museum. — Located  in  the  Art  Institute 
building,  Michigan  avenue  and  Van  Buren  street;  incorporated  May  24, 1879. 
Officers— Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  president;  James  H.  Dole,  vice  president; 


134  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Lyman  J.  Gage,  treasurer,  N.  H.  Carpenter,  secretary.  W.  M.  R.  French, 
director.  Executive  Committee — Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  A.  A.  Sprague, 
James  H.  Dole.  Charles  D.  Hamill,  John  C.  Black,  William  T.  Baker. 
Trustees,  1890-91 — Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Samuel  M.  Nickerson,  David 
W.  Irwin,  Martin  A.  Ryerson,  William  T.  Baker,  Eliphalet  W.  Blatchfnrd, 
Nathaniel  K.  Fairbank,  James  H.  Dole,  Albert  A.  Sprague,  John  C.  Black, 
Adolphus  C.  Bartlett,  J.  J.  Glessner,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  Edson  Kekli,  Levi 
Z.  Leiter,  Wirt  D.  Walker,  Homer  N.  Hibbard,  Marshall  Field,  George  N. 
Culver,  P.  C.  Handford. 

The  Art  Institute  building  [see  illustration]  has  been  pronounced  by  crit- 
ics the  finest  specimen  of  modern  architecture  in  Chicago.  It  is  built  of 
brown  stone;  has  a  beautiful  facade,  is  splendidly  located,  lighted  perfectly, 
and,  although  not  as  massive  in  construction  as  some  of  its  neighbors,  is  one  of 
the  attractive  edifices  of  the  Lake  Front.  The  Art  Institute  owes  its  origin 
and  prosperity  to  the  disinterested  and  energetic  services  of  a  few  Chicago 
gentlemen,  who  have  expended  upon  it  not  only  a  great  deal  of  their  private 
means,  but  much  of  their  time  during  the  past  ten  years.  During  1889  a 
very  handsome  addition  was  made  to  the  building,  which  led  to  some  very 
desirable  changes  in  the  interior  arrangement.  The  portion  of  the  Art  Insti- 
tute formerly  occupied  by  sky -lighted  picture  galleries,  was  carried  up  three 
floors,  thus  raising  all  the  galleries  to  the  fourth  floor,  and  two  floors  of  the 
same  area  as  the  former  picture  gallaries  were  added  for  exhibitioner  other 
uses.  These  gallaries  are  six  in  number,  of  which  five  occupy  a  space  of  170 
by  27  feet;  and  the  other  a  space  of  40  by  50  feet.  They  accommodate  about 
550  pictures  when  closely  hung,  and  the  light  and  appointments  are  in  every 
way  excellent.  The  Cast  collection  occupies  the  whole  of  the  main  floor  and 
one  large  room  upon  the  second  floor.  The  Library  is  accommodated  in  a 
commodious  room.  The  collection  of  Greek  vasea  and  antiquities  occupies 
one  room  and  the  metal  collection  and  bronzes  another.  A  space  on  the 
third  floor  has  been  arranged  fora  lecture  room.  The  building  is  provided 
with  two  passenger  elevators.  The  following  societies  are  tenants  of  the 
building:  The  Chicago  Literary  Club,  The  Fortnightly  Club,  The  Chicago 
Women's  Club,  The  Chicago  Society  of  Decorative  Art,  The  Kindergarten 
Training  School. 

There  are  now  in  the  Art  Institute  thirteen  pictures  from  the  collection  of 
Prince  Demidoff,  together  with  one  by  Holbein  from  the  May  collec- 
tion in  Paris,  which  constitute  a  group  of  Old  Dutch  Masters  of  such 
value  and  interest  as  perhaps  has  never  before  crossed  the  ocean.  They  are  a 
part  of  the  permanent  collection  of  the  Art  Institute,  the  purchasers  relying 
on  the  generosity  of  the  friends  of  the  Art  Institute  to  pay  for  them  and 
present  them  to  the  museum.  Some  have  already  been  so  presented.  Several 
of  these  pictures,  such  as  the  examples  of  Hobbema  and  Van  Ostade  are 
among  the  most  important  known  works  of  the  Masters,  and  all  are  important 
pictures  in  perfect  preservation.  The  Masters  represented  are  Hobbema, Van 
Ostade,  Rembrandt,  Franz  Hals,  Ruysdael,  Van  Mieris,  Holbein,  Teniers, 
Van  Dyck,  Rubens, "Jan  Steen,  Adr.  Van  de  Velde,  Terburg  and  Zeeman. 
The  presence  of  this  group  of  pictures  is  sufficient  to  give  our  collection 
good  standing  among  American  museums,  and  their  acquisition  is  the  most 
important  step  of  the  year. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  135 

As  an  evidence  of  the  popularity  of  the  Art  Institute  among  the  people, 
the  following  facts  are  given:  During  the  year  1889-90  the  building  was 
closed  half  the  time  on  account  of  building  operations.  The  aggregate 
attendance  of  visitors  to  the  museum  during  the  six  months  was  66,927,  and 
the 'admission  fees  and  catalogue  sales  amounted  to  $1 .942.15;  number  of  visit- 
ors paid  admission  fees,  5,344;  number  on  free  days,  45,915;  number  admitted 
free  on  membership  tickets,  other  days,  12,667;  number  of  visitors,  students, 
artists;  etc.,  admitted  free,  on  other  days  (estimated)  3, 000;  total  admission, 
66,926;  average  number  of  visitors  on  Saturdays,  free  all  day,  6G9;  average 
number  of  visitors  on  Sundays, open  1  to  5,  free,  855.  The  income  from  all 
sources  for  the  year  was  $44,624.71;  current  expenses,  $43,850.60;  cash 
donations,  $25,685.03.  The  whole  income  from  all  sources  (aside  from  sums 
which  merely  passed  through  the  treasury)  was  $70,309.74.  The  original  cost 
of  the  land,  with  the  building  upon  it,  was  $61,000;  the  amount  expended 
by  the  Art  Institute  in  building  since  that  time  has  aggregated  $208,500. 
The  value  of  the  collections  now  in  the  keeping  of  the  institute,  partly 
the  property  of  the  Art  Institute,  but  chiefly  loans,  considerably  exceeds 
$500,000.  Large  additions  are  being  made  annually  to  the  collections  in  the 
galleries  and  museum.  The  principal  accessions  of  late  have  been:  A  collec- 
tion of  Greek  vases  and  antique  marbles,  and  other  objects,  the  gift  of  Mr. 
Philip  D.  Armour  and  Mr.  Charles  L.  Hutchinson;  a  full  set  of  chromo-litbo- 
graph  reproductions  of  the  old  masters,  published  by  the  Arundel  Society, 
presented  by  Mr.  Edward  E.  Ay er;  a  collection  of  works  in  metal,  chiefly 
electrotype  reproductions,  presented  by  Mr.  Martin  A.  Ryerson  and  Mr. 
Hutchinson;  oil  paintings,  "The  Shepherd's  Star,"  by  Jules  Breton,  pre- 
sented by  Mr.  Philip  D.  Amour;  "  Marsh  in  the  North  of  Holland,"  by 
Eugene  Jettel,  presented  by  P.  C.  Hanford;  "  The  Close  of  Day,"  by  Charles 
H.  Davis,  purchased  from  the  gift  of  the  Opera  Festival  Association;  Gobelin 
Tapestry,  presented  by -Mr.  Charles  J.  Singer.  The  Cast  collection  has  been 
enriched  by  the  fine  collection  of  antique  sculpture  presented  by  the  Inter- 
State  Industrial  Exposition  of  Chicago,  and  the  library  has  received  the 
splendid  work  upon  the  Basilica  of  St.  Marks,  presented  b-y  Mr.  Franklin 
MacVeagh  and  Mr.  Hutchinson. 

During  Mr.  Hutchinson's  visit  to  Europe  in  1890,  he  made  numerous 
purchases  for  the  Art  Institute.  Among  them  are  two  fine  examples  of 
carved  ivory.  One  of  these,  a  triptych,  represents  in  high  relief  on  the  cen- 
tral tablet  the  flight  of  the  holy  family  into  Egypt.  The  virgin,  with  the 
child  Jesus  in  her  arms,  is  seated  on  an  ass  that  is  being  led  by  an  angel,  who 
is  feeding  the  animal  from  an  up-drawn  fold  of  its  robe.  Joseph  follows  with 
staff  and  water-bottle.  Above  this  group  are  cherubs  in  the  bough  of  a  tree 
handing  down  fruit  to  the  babe  in  Mary's  arms,  who  is  stretching  out  his 
arms  to  receive  it.  On  each  of  the  leaves  of  this  triptych  are  two  panels  rep- 
resenting saints,  the  crucifix,  the  lamb  and  other  ecclesiastical  symbols.  The 
other  piece  of  ivory  carving  is  a  panel  representing  the  crucifixion  and  is  a 
very  high  relief ,  the  principal  figures  being  almost  in  the  round.  Within  a 
space  of  five  and  one-half  by  four  and  one-half  inches  there  are  indicated 
fourteen  figures  of  people,  three  horses  and  a  dog.  Next  in  prominence  to 
the  figures  on  the  three  crosses  are  two  soldiers  in  the  immediate  foreground 
w  ho  are  parting  the  raiment,  as  is  recorded  in  sacred  story,  while  to  the  left 
a  dog  stands  regarding  their  action.  In  the  middle  distance  a  Roman  soldier 
is  thrusting  his  spear  into  the  Saviour's  side.  Clinging  to  the  foot  of  the  cross 
is  Mary  Magdalen,  while  back  and  to  the  right  St.  John  supports  the  grief- 


136  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

bowed  figure  of  Mary,  the  mother  of  Christ.  The  whole  work  on  thia  panel 
Is  most  carefully  studied  and  skillfully  wrought.  These  two  pieces  are  the 
first  examples  of  ivory  carving  which  have  been  acquired  by  the  Art  Institute, 
although  a  fine  example  of  Japanese  carving  is  in  the  loan  collection  and  a 
figure  of  carved  wood  and  ivory  has  for  some  time  been  the  property  of  the 
Institute.  [Visitors  to  the  Art  Institute  will  be  provided  with  catalogues  of 
the  entire  collection.] 

Art  Collections. — The  private  art  collections  of  Chicago  are  very  numerous 
and  very  extensive.    This  is  strikingly  evident  at  each  recurring  exhibit  of 
loaned  pictures  at  the  Art  Institute  or  elsewhere.     The  annual  exhibits  at  the 
Inter-State  Exposition,  now  a  thing  of  the  past,  by  reason  of  the  changes 
necessary  pending  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  have  grown  from  year 
to  year,  until  they  promised  to  rank  among  the  best  in  the  country.    Steps 
have  been  taken  to  erect  a  permanent  Art  Hall  on  the  Lake  Front,  in  which 
these  annual  exhibitions  will  be  continued.    This  building  will  be  erected 
for  the  Columbian  Exposition,  but  will  be  constructed  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
be  acceptable  to  the  city  as  a  permanent  building  after  the  exposition  closes. 
The  art  galleries  of  the  Illinois  Club,  the  Chicago  Club,  the  Marquette  Club, 
the  Calumet  Club,  and  especially  of  the  Union  League  Club,  are  becoming 
very  valuable.   [See  Union  League  Art  Association.]    The  Vincennes  Gallery 
of  Fine  Arts,  3841  Vincennes  avenue  (take  Illinois  Central'train  to  Oakland 
station,  Thirty-ninth  St.),  is  open  at  all  times,  free  to  visitors.     There  are 
many  beautiful  collections  in  the  private  mansions  of  the  South  Side.     The 
largest  and  best  private  collection  in  the  city  at  present  is  that  contained  in 
the  gallery  of  Mr.  Charles  T.  Yerkes,  3201   Michigan  avenue.     The  more 
important  of  his  pictures  were  purchased  by  Mr.  Yerkes  in  1890,  during  a 
visit  to  Europe,  when  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  and  selection  of 
pictures.    The  pictures  are  first-class  examples  of  masters  of  the  Dutch  school, 
Rembrandt,   Van  Dyck,    Rubens,  Jan  Steen,   Van   Ostade,   Gerard  Dow, 
Ruysdael,  and  Wonwerman  being  represented.     From  the  last  century  there 
is  a  head  by  Greuze,  and  from  later  schools  there  are  important  pictures  by 
Millet,  Diaz,  Daubigny,  Detaille,  Ziem,  Vibert,  Alfred  Stevens,  Willems, 
Charlemonte,  and  others. 

Art  Institute  of  Chicago  Art  School. — Located  in  the  Art  Institute 
building,  Michigan  avenue  and  Van  Buren  street.  Incorporated  May  24, 
1879.  Officers:  Charles  L.  Hulchinson,  president;  Edson  Keith,  vice- 
president;  Lvinan  J.  Gage,  treasurer;  N.  H.  Carpenter,  secretary;  W.  M. 
R.  French,  director.  Teachers:  W.  M.  R.  French,  director;  Oliver  Dennett 
Grover,  and  John  H.  Vanderpoel,  drawing  and  painting,  life  and  antique; 
Miss  Caroline  D.  Wade,  still  life  classes;  Miss  Charlotte  F.  Dyer,  antique  and 
statuary  classes;  Miss  Charlotte  F.  Dyer,  antique;  N.  fl.  Carpenter,  per- 
spective; Lorado  Taft,  modeling;  Louis  J.  Millet,  architecture  and  designing; 
Charles  L.  Boutwood,  evening  classes.  The  arrangement  of  classes  are  as 
follows: 

COSTUMED  LIFE  CLASS. — Drawingand  painting  from  the  costumed  model, 
daily,  9  to  12  A.  M.,  1  to  4  p.  M. 

NUDE  LIFE  CLASS. — Drawingand  painting  from  the  nude,  daily:  Women, 
8:30  to  12  A.  M.  ;  Men,  1  to  4  P.  M. 

PAINTING  FROM  STILL  LIFE. — Oil  and  water  color,  daily,  1  to  4  p.  M. 

CLASSES  IN  THE  ANTIQUE. — Drawing  from  the  cast,  elementary  and 
advanced,  daily ,  j^to  12  A.  M.,  1  tQ  4,  P.  M. 


G 

CO 

n 

—   ort) 


•<    3 


H  — 

O 

a; 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  143 

surplus  and  profits  were  $12,424,164  as  against  $10,343,119  for  1890;  deposits 
were  $117, 792,594  as  agninst  $94,471,271  for  1890,  and  loans  and  discounts 
were  $89, 292, 728  as  against  $72,392,018  for  1890.  The  capital  of  the  State 
banks  doing  business  in  Chicago,  according  to  last  reports  furnished  the 
State  Auditor,  was  $12,227.000,  their  surplus  $3,869,000  and  their  undivided 
profits  $1,869,288. — [See  Bank  Clearings,  Bank  Clearance  Comparative,  etc.] 
American  Excliange  National  Bank. — Organized  in  May,  1886,  with  D. 
W.  Irwin,  president;  D.  B.  Dewey,  vice-president;  D.  K.  Pearsons,  second 
vice-president,  and  A.  L.  Dewar,  cashier.  Present  officers:  John  B.  Kirk, 
president;  Wm.  C.  Seipp,  vice-president;  G.  F.Bissell,  second  viee-presidant; 
A.  L.  Dewar,  cashier;  R.  M.  Orr,  assistant  cashier;  Arthur  Tower,  2d  assis- 
tant cashier.  December  31,  1890,  it  showed  capital  stock,  paid  in,  $1,000,000; 
surplus  fund  and -undivided  profits,  $297,989;  deposits,  $3,417,095.76,  total 
liabilities,  $4,715,085.55;  loans  and  discounts,  $3,049,131.48;  overdrafts, 
$3,386.11;  deposit  with  U.  S.  treasurer,  2,250; U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  cir- 
culation, $50,QOO;  premiums  paid,  $9,500;  other  bonds,  $33,600;  real  estate, 
furniture  and  fixtures,  $10,000;  due  from  banks  and  bankers,  $445,951.07; 
exchanges  for  clearing  house,  $319.470.24;  currency,  $216,796.65;  gold  coin, 
$575,000— $1,557,217.96;  total  resources,  $4,715,085.55.  Location,  185  Dear- 
born street. 

Atlas  National  Bank.  —Officers:  President,  W.  C.  D.  Grannis;  vice-presi- 
dent, C.  B.  Parwell;  cashier,  S.  W.  Stone;  assistant  cashier,  W.  S.  Tillotson. 
Directors:  Uri  Balcom,  R.  C.  Clowry,  C.  B.  Farwell,  R.  J.  Bennett,  Joseph 
Austrian,  W.  C.  D.  Grannis,  J.  C.  McMullin,  A.  A.  Hunger,  Wm.  M.  Van 
Nortwick,  C.  P.  Libby,  J.  T.  Chumasero. 

Chemical  National  Bank. — Successor  to  the  Chemical  Trust  and  Savings 
bank,  founded  in  May,  1880.  Occupies  its  own  building,  85  Dearborn  st. 
Capital,  $1,000,000.  Officers:  J.  O.  Curry,  president;  E.  C.  Veasey,  vice- 
president;  A.  T.  Ewing,  second  vice-president;  G.  E.  Hopkins,  assistant 
cishier.  Directors:  W.  M.  Hoyt(W.  M.  Hoyt&.Co.,  Wholsale  Grocers);  D. 
C.  Newton  (banker,  Batavia,  111.);  Robert  Vierling,  President  (Vierling, 
McDowell  &  Co.,  Iron  Founders);  E.  C.  Veasey  (vice-president);  Charles  H. 
Slack  (Grocer);  M.  A.  Mead  (M.  A.  Mead  &  Co.  Wholesale  Jewelers);  A.  T. 
Ewing  (second  vice-president);  S.  E. Gross  (Real  Estate);  Otis  Jones  (Director, 
Macon  Dublin  &  Savannah  Ry.  Co.);  S-  W.  Lamson  (Lamson  Bros.,  Grain 
Commission);  H.  J.  Straight  (K.  J.  Straight  &  Co.,  Fire  Insurance);  E.  J. 
Edwards  (President,  Hicks  Stock  Car  Co.);  F.  E.  Spooner  (Chicago  Union 
Lime  Works);  O.  W.  Norton  (President,  Norton  Brothers,  Manufacturers  Tin 
Plate,  Japan  Ware);  J.  O.  Curry  (President).  It  will  be  seen  that  the  directors 
are  representative  business  men.  The  Chemical  National,  though  one  of  the 
most  recently  organised,  ranks  among  the  most  prominent  of  the  city. 

Chicago  National  Bank. — Officers:  President,  John  R.  Walsh;  vice- 
president,  H.  H.  Nash;  cashier,  William  Cox;  assistant  cashier,  F.'M.  Blount. 
Directors:  A.  McNally,  Adolph  Loeb,  H.  H.  Nash,  C.  K.  G.  Billings,  F. 
Madlener,  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  J.  R.  Walsh.  Capital,  $500,000;  surplus  and 
profits,  $566,810;  loans  and  discounts,  $4,277,125;  cash  and  treasury  credits, 
$1,715,793;  individual  deposits,  $5,998,610;  due  banks,  $861,870;  due  from 
banks  and  agents,  $1,396,429;  checks  for  clearing  house,  $262,306;  U.  S. 


144  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

bonds,  $50,000;  other  stocks  and  bonds,  $270,636;  total  deposits,  $6,860,480; 
circulation,  $45,000.  The  Chicago  National  Bank  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
leading  financial  institutions  of  the  city. 

Columbia  National  Bank. — Open  for  business  Feb.  16,  1891.  Paid  in 
capital,  $9,000,000.  Officers:  L.  Everingham,  president;  W.  G.  Bently, 
vice-president;  Zimri  Dwiggins,  cashier;  J.  T.  Greene,  assistant  cashier. 
Directors,  Malcolm  McNeil,  E.  S.  Conway,  H.  D.  Kohn,  C.  W.  Needham, 
Peter  Kuntz,  J.  D.  Allen,  L.  Everingham,  W.  G.  Bently,  Z.  Dwiggins,  and 
'  J.  M.  Starbuck.  Resources — Discounts  and  time  loans,  $1,192,399.88; 
United  States  bonds,  $50,000;  redemption  fund,  $2,250;  furniture  and  fixtures, 
$10,952.85;  current  expenses,  $31,607.76;  due  from  banks  and  bankers,  $362,- 
641.90;  cash  and  cashitems,  $228,291.29;  demand  loans,  $420,460.23  ($1,011,- 
393.42);  total,  $2,298,603.91.  Liabilities— Capital  stock  paid  in,  $1,000,000; 
surplus  and  undivided  profits,  $77,416.90;  circulation,  "$45,000;  deposits, 
$1,176,187.01;  total,  $2,298,603.91.  The  Columbian  National  transacts  a 
general  banking  business.  A  separate  suite  of  rooms  with  clerical  force, 
teller,  etc.,  and  every  facility  for  banking  are  provided  especially  for  ladies. 
The  motto  of  the  bank  is,  safety,  courtesy,  promptness,  liberality.  Location 
of  banking-house,  Insurance  Exchange  Building,  corner  LaSalle  and  Quincy 
streets. 

Commercial  National  Bank. — Organized  December,  1864.  The  present 
officers  are — Henry  F.  Eames,  president ;  O.  W.  Potter,  vice-ptesident ;  F.  S. 
Eames,  3d  vice-president ;  John  B.  Meyer,  cashier ;  D.  Vernon,  assistant 
cashier. 

Resources.— Loans  and  discounts,  $6,980,972.79  ;  overdrafts,  $3,384.04; 
United  States  bonds  to  secure  circulation,  $50,000.;  other  stocks,  bonds  and 
mortgages,  $260,  804.37  ;  due  from  other  National  banks  $891,811.04;  due 
from  State  banki  and  bankers,  $247.49  ;  total  $892,058-53.  Real  estate,  $31,- 
750.90;  taxes  paid,  $15,359.89;  Checks  and  other  cash  items,  $3,088; 
exchanges  for  clearing-house,  $327,468.93;  bills  of  other  banks,  $71,005; 
fractional  currency,  nickels,  and  pennies,  $927,70  ;  specie,  $1,597,  994.60; 
legal  tender  notes,  $380;000.;  $2,380,484.23;  redemption  fund  with 
United  States  treasurer  (5  per  cent  of  circulation),  $2,250.;  total,  $10,617,- 
064.75.  Liabilities.  Capital  stock  paid  in,  $1,000,000;  surplus  fund, 
$1,000,000;  undivided  profits,  $103,997.19  ;  National  Bank  notes  outstand- 
ing $45,000  ;  individual  deposits  subject  to  check,  $3,598,196.05  ;  demand 
certificates  of  deposit,  $216,490.77;  certified  checks,  $63,682.12;  cashier's 
checks  outstanding,  $176,416.76  ;  due  to  other  National  Banks,  $1,"793,984.68  ; 
due  to  State  banks  and  bankers,  $2,619,297.18;  total  $8,468,067.56;  grand 
total,  $10,617,064.75. 

Directors.— Henry  F.  Eames,  S.  W.  Rawson,  William  J.  Chalmers, 
N.  K.  Fairbank,  O.  W.  Potter,  Jesse  Spalding,  Henry  W.  King,  Franklin 
MacVeagh,  Norman  Williams.  Location  of  banking  house,  Southeast 
corner  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe  streets. 

Continental  National  Bank.— Organized  March  5,  1883.  Present  officers 
— Directors:  John  C.  Black,  John  R.  Winterbotham,  Calvin  T.  Wheeler, 
Richard  T.  Crane,  Henry  C.  Durand,  William,  G.  Hibbard,  Henry  Botsford, 
James  H.  Dole,  George  H.  Wheeler,  J.  Ogden  Armour,  Isaac  N.  Perry  ; 
President,  John  C.  Black ;  2nd  vice-president,  Isaac  N.  Perry;  cashier, 
Douglass  Hoyt ;  assistant  cashier,  Ira  P.  Bowen.  Banking  house,  La  Salle 
and  Adams  street.  Semi-annual  dividends  of  3  per  cent,  are  paid  January 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
THE  INTER-OCEAN  BUILDING,  MADISON  AND  DEARBORN  STS. 

[See  "  Newspapers."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  145 

first  and  July  first.  Report  of  condition  at  the  close  of  business  December 
2d,  1891.  Resources:  Loans  and  discounts,  $6,896J}37.20  ;  overdrafts,  $21, 
988.78 ;  United  States  bonds  for  circulation,  $5tyOOO ;  other  bonds  oa 
hand,  $2,600;  real  estate,  furniture  and  fixtures,  $39,605.37;  premiums 
paid,  $7,000;  cash,  $1,496,580.05;  due  from  banks,  $1,703,072;  checks 
for  clearings,  $1,075,988.73  ;  due  from  United  States  treasurer,  $2,250 ; 
total,  $11,295,622.13.  Liabilities.  Capital  stock  paid  in,  $2,000,000  ;  sur- 
plus fund,  $250,000 ;  undivided  profits,  $219,014,20 ;  bank  notes  out- 
standing, $23,600;  individual  deposits,  $4,429,013.15;  due  banks,  $4,373,- 
994.78  ;  total,  $11,295,622.13.  Location  of  banking  house,  southwest  corner 
of  La  Salle  and  Adams  streets.  M.  Calvin  T.  Wheeler,  one  of  Chicago's 
foremost  business  men  and  financiers,  was  the  organizer  of  this  bank  and  its 
first  president.  He  was  succeeded  in  1887  by  Mr.  Black,  who  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  bank  since  its  organization.  He  was  its  first  cashier,  and 
was  actively  instrumental  in  perfecting  the  system  inaugurated  for  the  tran- 
saction of  the  business  of  the  bank  with  the  greatest  convenience  to  its  cus- 
tomers. 

Drover's  National  Bank.—  Organized  1883  :  Present  officers — S.  Brintnall, 
president ;  John  Brown,  vice-pi esident ;  W.  H.  Brintnall,  cashier  ;  Edward 
Tilden,  assistant  cashier.  Resources  :  Loans  and  discounts,  $807,088.97 ; 
overdrafts,  $12.25  ;  United  States  bonds,  $50,000 ;  banking  house,  $12,- 
500;  premiums,  $8.500;  due  from  banks,  $696,643.14;  cash,  $121,319.- 
13;  total,  $817,962.27;  grand  total,  $1,696,063.49.  Liabilities:  Capital 
stock,  $250,000 ;  surplus,  $50,000 ;  undivided  profits,  $36,748.45  :  cir- 
culation, $45.000 ;  deposits,  $1,314,315.04  ;  total,  $1,696,063.49.  Directors 
— Percy  W.  Palmer,  Charles  L.  Shattuck,  Watson  8.  Hinkly,  John  Brown, 
James  P.  Sherlock,  J.  E.  Greer,  W.  H.  Brintnall,  Solva  Brintnall.  Location 
of  banking  house,  4207  South  Halsted  street,  Union  Stockyards. 

First  National  Bank. — Organized,  Nov.  1863.  Present  officers  :  Lyman 
J.  Gage,  president ;  Henry  R.  Symonds,  vice-president ;  James  B.  Forgant, 
2d.  vice-present ;  Richard  J.  Street,  cashier ;  Holmes  Hoge,  assistant 
cashier.  Statement  of  condition  January,  1892.  Assets :  Loan  and  dis- 
counts, $16,475,614.91  ;  bank  building  and  other  real  estate,  $650,000  , 
United  States  bonds,  (par  value),  $55,150 ;  other  bonds,  $847,450.  Cash 
resources:  Due  from  banks,  (Eastern  exch.),  $4,396,430.99;  checks  for 
clearing  house,  $1,659,783.10;  cash  on  hand,  $8,410,499.87;  due  from  U. 
S.  treasurer,  $26,250 ;  total  ;  $14,492,963.96  ;  grand  total,  $32,521,178.87. 
Liabilities:  Capital  stock  paid  in,  $3,000,000;  surplus  fund,  $2,000,000; 
other  undivided  profits,  $1,023,059.31  ;  dividend,  90,000  ;  Deposits,  $26,- 
408,119.56;  total,  $32,521,178.87.  Directors:  Sarnl.  M.  Nickcrson,  E.  F. 
Lawrence,  S.  W.  Allerton,  F.  D.  Gray,  Norman  B.  Ream,  Nelson  Morris, 
James  B.  Forgan,  L.  J.  Gage,  Eugene  S.  Pike,  A.  A.  Carpenter,  H.  R. 
Symonds.  Location  of  banking  house,  northwest  corner  of  Dearborn  and 
Monroe  streets,  First  National  Bank  building. 

At  the  date  of  incorporation,  the  First  National  Bank  had  a  capital  of 
$100,000.  Its  officers  were— President,  E.  Aiken;  cashier,  E.  E.  Braisted. 
It  then  stood  number  8  in  the  order  of  National  Banks.  The  capital  of  the 
bank  was  soon  increased  to  $1,000,000.  In  1867  President  Aiken  died,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Samuel  M.  Nickerson,  who  has  held  the  office  ever  since. 
In  1868  Lyman  J.  Gage  was  appointed  cashier.  The  fire  of  1871  destroyed 


146  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

the  bank's  building,  which  stood  at  the  southwest  corner  of  State  and  Wash- 
ington sts.  This  building  was  at  once  rebuilt,  and  was  occupied  until  the 
bank  moved  into  its  present  magnificent  structure,  which  was  erected  espe- 
cially for  its  accommodation,  and  with  aviewto the  convenient  transaction  of 
its  immense  business  [See  "First  National  Bank  Building  "  andillustration.] 
During  the  panic  of  1873  the  bank  passed  through  the  ordeal  in  excellent 
shape,  coming  out  of  it  with  the  renewed  and  strengthened  confidence  of  the 
public  in  the  stability  of  its  resources,  and  the  wisdom  and  integrity  of  its 
management.  The  fact  is  often  referred  to  even  in  these  days,  that  Mr. 
Gage's  courageous  and  judicious  executive  ability  in  1873  not  only  averted  a 
calamity  for  his  own  bank,  but  had  the  effect  of  stimulating  the  nerve  of 
others  in  Chicago,  and  of  inspiring  the  public  with  faith  in  the  ability  of  all 
to  meet  their  obligations  if  they  were  not  harassed  or  hampered.  The 
charter  of  the  First  National  Bank  expired  in  1882;  it  went  into  liquidation, 
paying  off  its  stockholders  and  giving  each  one  of  them  $294  for  every  SjslOO 
paid  in.  This  was  in  addition  to  dividends  upon  the  capital  from  time  to 
time,  which  averaged  through  its  entire  history  10  per  cent,  per  annum.  On 
the  expiration  of  the  old  charter  the  new  First  National  Bank,  No.  2670,  was 
organized,  and  succeeded  to  the  business  of  the  old  bank.  Its  paid-up  capi- 
tal was  fixed  at  $3,000,000;  Mr.  Gage  was  made  vice-president,  aud  Mr. 
Symonds,  cashier.  The  First  National  Bank  is  not  only  the  greatest  finan- 
cial institution  in  Chicago,  but  one  of  tbe  greatest  in  the  country.  The 
showing  of  earnings  and  surplus  which  it  made  at  the  close  of  last  year's 
business  attracted  universal  attention. 

First  National  Bank  of  Enylewood:  Located  at  Englewood,  Chicago. 
Officers.  J.  li.  Enibre,  president ;  E.  L.  Roberts,  vice-president  ;  F.  B.  War- 
ren. Directors  :  J.  It.  Einbre,  J.  K.  ISichols,  H.  B.  Murphy,  D.  E.  Prentice, 
B.  H.  Knights,  C.  H.  Caldwell,  W.  H.  Sharp,  J.  M.  Johnson. 

Fort  Dearborn,  Xnlimuil  Bunk  . — Organized,  May  1,  1887.  Present  officers  : 
John  A.  King,  president  ;  \V .  L.  Barnum,  vice-president ;  Peter  Dudley,  cash- 
ier ;  Chas.  H.  McGrath,  assistant  cashier.  Capital,  $500,000.  Surplus  at  close 
of  1892,  $25.000.  Undivided  profits,  $19,218,590.  The  Fort  Dearborn 
National  bank  is  an  institution  of  the  highest  standing,  its  directors  being  men 
of  large  financial  resources.  Directors  :  W.  L.  Barnum  ;  J.  W.  Pluinmer, 
John  J.  McGrath,  William  J.  Wilson,  D.  K.  Hill,  E.  Mandel,  Thomas  Kane, 
George  Keller,  Arthur  D.  Rich,  A.  Plamondon  and  John  A.  King.  Location 
of  banking  house,  187-189  Dearborn  street. 

Globe  Ni.ttiimnl  Bank. — Commenced  business  December  22,  1890,  capital. 
$1,000,000,  surplus,  $45,000.  Present  officers— Oscar  D.  Wetherell,  presi- 
dent; Melville  E.  Stone,  vice-president;  D.  A.  Moullon,  cashier;  C.  C.  Swin- 
borue,  assistant  cashier.  The  directors,  comprising  well-known  business 
men  and  capitalists,  are  as  follows — Melville  E.  Stone,  late  editor  Chicago 
Dai?u  AV/r.vy  Gust.ivus  F.  Swift,  president  Swift  &  Co.  packers;  William  II. 
Harper,  manager  Chicago  ik  Pacific  Elevator  Company;  Robert  L.  Henry, 
president  Keystone  Palace  Horse-Car  Company;  Morris  Rosenbaum,  com- 
mission merchant;  Everett  W.  Brooks',  lumber  manufacturer;  James  L. 
High,  attorney- at-law;  Amos  Gran nis,  contractor;  Oscar  D.  Wetherell.  Lo- 
cation of  banking  house,  northwest  corner  of  J:>ckson  and  La  Sails  streets, 
opposite  Board  of  Trade. 

Hide  and  Leather  National  Bank. — Organized  in  1872,  received  its  charter 
as  a  National  bank  in  1878.  Present  officers:  Charles  F.  Grey,  president;  H. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  147 

A.  White,  vice-president;  D.  L.  Forest,  cashier;  Thos.  L.  Forrest,  assistant 
cashier.  Capital,  $300,000;  resources,  $2,171,827.96;  surplus  fund,  $95,000; 
undivided  profits,  $43,702.12.  The  individual  deposits  amount  to  $1,317,- 
568.67.  Directors,  George  C.  Beuton,  William  L.  Gray,  C.  H.  Morse,  Hugh 
A.  White,  J.  V.  Taylor, "George  M.  Lyoii,  P.  P.  Muthews,  Charles  F.  Grey, 
O.  F.  Fuller.  "Location  of  banking  house,  La  Salle  and  Madison  sts 

Home  National  Bank. — Officers:  President,  A.  M.  Billings;  vice-presi- 
dent, J.  C.  McMullen;  secretary,  H.  H.  Blake.  Directors:  A.  M."  Billings, 
William  A.  Talcott,  C.  K.  G.  Billings,  J.  C.  McMullen,  David  Bradley. 

Lincoln  National  Bank. — Organized  March,  1887..  Present  officers — V.  C. 
Price,  president;  E.  S.  Noyes,  cashier;  J.  R.  Clarke,  assistant  cashier. 
Resources,  loans  and  discounts,  $592,132.42;  overdrafts,  $710.68;  U.  S.  bonds 
to  secure  circulation,  $50,000;  other  stock,  bonds  and  mortgages,  $500;  due 
from  other  national  banks,  $140,736,35;  due  from  state  banks  aud  bankers, 
$33  836.09;  real  estate,  furniture  aud  fixtures;  $4,731.50;  current  expenses  and 
taxes  paid,  $2,957.87;  premiums  paid,  $8,000;  checks  and  other  cash  items, 
$881.11;  exchanges  for  clearing  house,  $51,822.26;  bills  of  other  banks,  $5,692; 
fractional  paper  currency,  nickels  and  pennies,  $43.44;  specie,  $82,258.15; 
legal  tender  notes,  $80,000;  redemption  fund  with  U.  S.  treasurer  (ft  per  cent, 
of  circulation),  $2,250;  cash  means,  $387,518.40;  total,  $1,046,557.87.  Liabil- 
ities— Capitalstockpaidin,  $200,000;  surplus  fund,  $10,000;  undivided  profits, 
$17,108.92;  national  bank  notes  outstanding,  $45,000;  individual  deposits,  sub- 
ject to  check,  $635,225.53;  demand  certificates  of  deposit,  $24,869.99;  certified 
checks,  $2,640.58;  cashier's  cheeks  outstanding,  $285.96;  due  to  other  national 
banks,  $107,917.18;  due  to  state  banks  and  bankers,  $3,509.71;  total  deposits, 
$774,448.95;  total,  $1,046,557.87. 

Merchants'  National  Bank. — Organized  December,  1863  ;  capital,  $500,- 
000.  Preeent  officers  :  Chaimcey  J.  Blair,  president ;  Frederick  W.  Crosby, 
vice-president ;  Henry  A.  Blair,  second  vice-president ;  John  C.  Neely, 
cashier  ;  directors,  C.  J.  Blair,  William  Blair,  H.  A.  Blair,  W.  F.  Blair,  M. 
A.  Rverson,  F.  W.  Crosby.  Statement. — Resources:  Loans  and  discounts, 
$6,828,123.15  ;  overdrafts,  $102.13;  United  States  bonds  at  par,  $50,000;  other 
bonds  at  par,  $283,700;  banking  house  and  safe  deposit  vaults,  $125,000;  due 
from  banks  and  United  States  Treasurer,  $1,585,440.62;  coin  and  currency, 
$3,795, 797.60;  total,  $12,668,163.50.  Liabilities:  Capital,  $500,000;  surplus, 
$1,500,000;  undivided  profits.  $253  483.10;  dividends  unpaid,  $260;  deposits, 
$10,414,420.40;  total,  $12,668,163.50.  Location  of  banking  house,  80  and  82 
La  Salle  street. 

Metropolitan  National  Bank. — Organized  May  12,  1884.  Present  officers: 
E.  G.  Keith,  president;  J.  L.  Woodward,  vice  president;  W.  D.  Preston, 
cashier;  H.  II.  Hitchcock,  assistant  cashier.  Resources:  Loans  and  discounts, 
$8,899,544.10;  overdrafts,  $4.893.15,  bonds,  $167,900;  due  from  banks 
and  bankers,  $1,620,995.26;  cash  and  checks  for  clearings,  $2,667,229  37. 
Total,  $4,456,124.63.  Grand  total,  $13,360,561.88.  Liabilities:  Capital  stock 
paid  in,  $2,000,000;  surplus  and  undivided  profits,  $1,111,372.90;  national 
bank  notes  outstanding,  $45,000;  deposits,  $10,204,188.98.  Total,  $13,- 
360.561.88.  Directors:  William  Deering,  A.  C.  Bartlett,  Edson  Keith,  James 
L.  Woodard,  W.  J.  Watson,  E,  Frankenthal,  G.  B.  Shaw,  E.  T.  Jeffery, 
E.  G.  Keith,  W.  D.  Preston.  Location  of  banking  house,  La  Salle  and 
Madison  streets. 


148  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

National  Bank  of  America. — Organized  January  1, 1883.  Present  officers: 
Isaac  G.  Lombard,  president ;  Morton  B.  Hull,  vice-president;  Edward  B. 
Lathrop,  cashier;  Charles  A.  Tinkham,  assistant  cashier.  Resources:  Dis- 
counts and  demand  loaus,  $3,334,154.90;  overdrafts,  2,956.27;  U.  S.  4  per 
cent,  bonds,  to  secure  circulation,  $50,000;  other  bonds,  $50,000;  due 
from  other  national  banks,  $525,227.29;  due  from  banks  and  bankers,  $67,- 
370.89;  $592,598.18;  cash— exchanges  for  clearing  house,  $231,590.85;  cur- 
rency and  specie,  $1,073,586.57;  $1,305,177.42;  due  from  treasurer  U.  S. 
5  per  cent  fund,  $2,250;  due  from  treasurer  U.  S.  (other  than  5  per  cent, 
fund),  $10,000;  $5,347,136.77.  Liabilities:  Capital  stock,  $1,000,000; 
surplus  fund,  $250,000;  undivided  profits,  $59,217.29;  circulating  notes, 
$44,iOO;  dividends  unpaid,  $86.00;  deposits,  $3,993.431.48;  $5,347,136.77. 
The  directors  are:  William  Ruger,  Morton  B.  Hull,  William  Dickinson, 
Charles  M.  Henderson,  Cyrus  H.  Adams,  John  H.  Witbeck,  Clarence  Buck- 
ingham, Isaac  G.  Lombard,  Edward  B.  Lathrop.  Location  of  banking  house 
La  Salle  and  Washington  streets. 

National  Bank  of  Illinois. — Organized  December,  1871.  Present  officers: 
George  Schneider,  president;  William  H.  Bradley,  vice-president;  W.  A. 
Hammond,  cashier;  Carl  Moll,  assistant  cashier;  Henry  D.  Field,  2d  assist- 
ant cashier.  Resources:  Loans  and  discounts,  $7,736,475.44;  U.  S.  bonds  to 
secure  circulation  (4s  at  par),  $50,000;  other  bonds  and  stocks,  at  par, 
$198,760;  5  per  cent,  redemption  fund,  $2,250;  due  from  national  banks, 
$1,390,733.76;  due  from  banks  and  bankers,  $397,354.99;  exchanges  for 
clearing  house,  $679,492.84;  cash  on  hand,  $2,043,899.73;  $4,511,481.32; 
$12,498,966.76.  Liabilities:  Capital  stcck  paid  in,  $1,000,000;  surplus, 
$900,000;  undivided  profits,  $14,487.34;  national  bank  notes  outstanding, 
$45,000;  dividends  unpaid,  $442.50;  deposits— individual,  $7,135,158.03; 
deposits— banks,  $3,303,878.89;  total,  $10,439,036.92;  grand  tota],  $12,498,- 
966.76.  .  Directors,  S.  B.  Cobb,  Walter  L.  Peck,  William  R  Page,  George 
E.  Adams,  Charles  R.  Corwith,  C.  H.  Bradley,  Frederick  Mahla,  R.  E. 
Jenkins,  Albert  A.  Hunger,  William  A.  Hammond,  George  Schneider. 
Location  of  banking  house  111,  113,  115,  and  117  Dearborn  street. 

National  Live  Stock  Sank. — Present  officers — Levi  B.  Doud,  president; 
George  T.  Williams,  vice-president;  Roswell  Z.  Herrick,  cashier.  Resources 
—Loans  and  discounts,  $2,537,360.36;  overdrafts,  $7,355.30;  U.  S.  bonds  to 
secure  circulation,  $50,000;  other  stocks,  bonds  and  mortgages,  $49,875; 
Due  from  other  National  banks,  $1,658,866.19;  Due  from  Stale  banks  and 
bankers,  $197,324.92— $1,856,191.11;  Real  Estate,  furniture  and  fixtures, 
$3,326.47;  current  expenses  and  taxes  paid,  $83.70;  premiums  paid,  $8,000  ; 
exchanges  for  clearing-house,  $64,019.92;  bills  of  other  banks,  $11,965;  frac- 
tional paper  currency,"  nickels  and  pennies,  $765.97;  specie,  $200, 397. 50;  legal  - 
tender  notes,  $199,600;  U.  S.  certificates  of  deposit  for  legal  tenders,  1100,000 
—$576,739.39;  redemption  fund  with  U.  S.  Treasurer  (5  per  cent,  of  circula- 
tion), $2,250;  total,  $5,091,181.33.  Liabilities— Capital  stock  paid  in,  $750,- 
000;  surplus  fund,  $300,000;  undivided  profits,  $176,742.13;  National  bank 
notes  outstanding,  $32,000;  dividends  unpaid,  $1,088;  individual  deposits 
subject  to  check,  §1,836,071.02;  demand  certificates  of  deposit,  $332,984.91; 
lime  certificates  of  deposit,  $25.00;  due  to  other  National  banks,  $1,363,500.- 
47;  due  to  State  banks  and  bankers,  §298,769.80— $3,831,351.20;  total,  $5,091,- 
181.33.  Directors — John  B.  Sherman,  Irus  Coy,  George  T.  Williams.  Levi 
B.  Doud,  Roswell  Z.  Herrick,  Samuel  Cozzens,  Daniel  G.  Brown.  At  the 


i  E 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  149 

last  annual  meeting  of  directors  the  sum  of  $100,000  was  carried  to  the  sur- 
plus fund,  now  $300,000,  while  the  individual  profits  reached  $37,000.  The 
dividends  have  been  2  per  cent,  quarterly.  At  the  last  meeting  of  directors, 
held  December  29,  1891,  $100,000  was  carried  from  profit  and  loss  to  surplus 
account,  making  $400,000  now  (spiing  of  '92)  in  surplus.  Location  of  bank- 
ng  house,  Main  Stock  Yards. 

National  Bank  of  the  Republic. — Organized  August,  1891  ;  location  of 
banking  house,  Mailers  Building,  La  Salle  st.  (After  May  1,  1892).  Capital 
stock  $1,000,000.  President,  John  A.  Lynch  ;  vice-president,  A.  M.  Roths- 
child (cashier),  W.  T.  Fenton.  Directors,  E.  B.  Strong  (of  the  late  firm  of 
Foss,  Strong  &  Co.);  A.  M.  Rothschild  (of  E.  Rothschild  &  Bros.,  manufact- 
urers and  wholesale  clothiers);  Alexander  Mackay  (general  freight  agent 
Michigan  Central  R.  R.);  J.  B.  Mailers  (capitalist);  Henry  Kerber,  of 
Henry  Kerber  &  Son  (wholesale  stone  dealers);  J.  B.  Greenhut  (president 
Distilling  &  Cattle  Feeding  Co.);  Samuel  Woolner  (capitalist);  W.  H. 
McDoel  (general  manager  L.,  N.  A.  &  C.  R.  R.);  John  A.  Lynch  of  Thos. 
Lynch  &  Sons  (capitalists),  and  W.  T.  Fenton.  Comparative  statement  of 
deposits  September  25th,  $942,666;  December  2d,  $1,127,826.61 ;  December 
31st,  $1,206.296.25;  January  18th,  1892,  $1,307,112.06.  Though  one  of  the 
youngest,  this  is  looked  upon  as  being  one  of  the  strongest  banks  in  the 
city. 

Northwestern  National  Bank. — Organized  August,  1864.  Present  officers 
-^E.  Buckingham,  president;  W.  F.  Dummer,  vice-president;  F.  W.  Gookin, 
cashier;  F.  W.  Griffin,  assistant  cashier.  Resources — Loans  and  discounts, 
$3,344,595.94;  overdrafts,  $2,384.60;  U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  circulation  (4  per 
cents),  $200,000;  U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  deposits  (4  per  cents),  $300,000;  other 
stock,  bonds  and  mortgages,  $93,091.96;  due  from  other  National  banks, 
$492,510.54;  due  from  State  banks  and  bankers,  $34,315.13— $526,825.67; 
checks  and  other  cash  items,  $358.06;  exchangesfor  clearing-house,  $290,838,- 
02;  bills  of  o'her  banks,  $9,790;  fractional  paper  currency,  nickels,  and  pen- 
nies, $307.57;  specie,  $639,772.41;  legal-tender  notes,  $307,017— $1,248,083.06; 
redemption  fund  with  U.  S.  Treasurer  (5  per  cent,  of  circulation),  $9,000; 
total,  $5,723,981.23.  Liabilities— Capital  stock  paid  in,  $1,000,000;  surplus 
fund,  $500,000;  undivided  profits,  $100,606.32;  National  bank  notes  outstand- 
ing, $115,045;  individual  deposits  subject  to  check,  $1,684,572.36;  demand 
certificates  of  deposit,  $43,628.40;  certified  checks,  $45.417.78;  cashier's 
checks  outstanding.  $50,190;  United  States  deposits,  $282,499.22;  deposits  of 
U.  S.  disbursing  officers,  $14,238.72;  due  to  other  National  banks,  $938,105.- 
30;  due  to  State  banks  and  bankers,  $949,678.13— $4,008,329.91;  total,  $5,723,- 
981.23.  Directors— Ebenezer  Buckingham,  Edward  E.  Ayer,  William  F. 
Dummer,  Marshall  M.  Kirkman  and  Franklin  H.  Head.  Location  of  banking 
house,  La  Salle  and  Adams  Streets. 

Oakland  National  Bank. — Officers:  President,  Horace  B.  Taylor;  vice- 
president,  Arthur  W.  Allyn;  cashier,  J.  J.  Knight.  Directors:  John  R. 
Walsh,  Horace  B  Taylor,  D.  Harry  Hammer,  J.  J.  Knight,  Arthur  W. 
Allyn,  William  A.  Hammond,  D.  H.  Kochersperger. 

Prairie  State  National  Bank. — Officers:  President,  James  W.  Scoville; 
vice-president,  George  Woodland;  cashier,  George  Van  Zandt.  Directors — 
B.  F.  Homer,  William  Hafner,  H.  J.  Evans,  George  Woodland,  M.  C.  Bul- 
lock, George  Van  Zandt,  Jamei  W.  Scoville. 


150  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Union  National  Bank. — Organized  December,  1863.  Present  officers — 
John  J.  P.  Odell,  president;  David  Kelley,  vice  president;  August  Blum, 
cashier;  W.  O.  Hipwell,  assistant  cashier.  Resources — Loans  and  discounts, 
$6,210,437.71;  United  States  bonds  to  secure  circulation,  par  value,  $50,- 
000;  other  stocks,  bonds  and  mortgages,  $831,225.09;  furniture,  fix- 
tures and  real  estate,  $11,500;  due  from  banks,  $1,579.525  94;  exchanges 
for  clearing  house  $733,760.21;  cash,  $1,931,548.60— $4,244,  834.75;  due  from 
United  States  treasurer,  $10,250;  total  $11,358,247.55.  Liabilities:  Capital 
stock,  paid  in,  $2,000,000;  surplus,  fund,  $700,000;  undivided  profits,  $80,- 
640  79;  reserved  for  taxes,  $37,662.74;  national  bank  notes  outstanding, 
$44,100;  deposits,  individual,  $4,055,088.38;  deposits,  banks,  *4, 440,755. 64; 
$8,495,844.02;  Total,  $11,358,247.55.  The  directors  are  C.  R.  Cummiogs, 
J.  H.  Barker,  H.  N.  May,  David  Kelley,  O.  C.  Barber,  S.  K.  Martin,  S.  B. 
Barker,  D.  B.  Dewey,  J.  J.  P.  Odell.  The  Union  National  has  been  especially 
favored  in  having  had  for  its  presidents  some  of  Chicago's  ablest  and  most 
experienced  financiers,  and  to  this  is  mostly  due  the  bank's  prompt  rush 
to  the  front  line  of  the  city  banks  and  its  maintenance  of  that  position 
for  so  many  years.  The  first  president  was  William  F.  Coolbaugh,  -who  at 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  November,  1877,  was  succeeded  by  Calvin  T. 
"Wheeler.  On  the  expiration  of  its  original  charter  December  30,  1884,  the 
Union  National  Bank  was  re-organized,  and  under  its  new  charter,  W.  C.  D. 
Grannis  was  chosen  president,  and  J.  J.  P.  Odell,  vice-president.  Mr.  C. 
R.  Cummings  was  made  president  in  1886,  but  took  no  active  part  in  the 
management  of  the  bank.  Upon  his  retirement  Mr.  J.  J.  P.  Odell  became 
president,  and  has  continued  in  that  position  up  to  the  present  date.  Mr. 
Odell  has  been  identified  with  the  banking  business  of  Chicago  since  1865, 
and  for  twenty-four  years  has  been  connected  with  the  Union  National,  hav- 
ing entered  its  service  in  1866,  as  bookkeeper,  and  in  the  interval  filled 
almost  every  intermediate  position  of  responsibility  in  the  bank.  In 
amount  of  deposits  the  place  of  the  Union  National  at  the  present  time  is  in 
the  second  group  averaging  $9,750,000.  Location  of  banking  house,  north- 
east corner  of  La  Salleand  Adams  streets,  Home  Insurance  building. 

BANKING  INSTITUTIONS— STATE  AND  PRIVATE. 

Adolph  Loeb  &  Bro.,  Bankers. — Established  over  thirty-three  years  ago, 
since  which  time  the  house  has  been  doing  an  extensive  mortgage  loan,  real 
estateand  general  banking  business.  The  house  was  founded  by  Adolph  Loeb, 
and  shortly  afterward  he  associated  with  himself  his  brother  "William.  Two 
years  ago  Julius  Loeb  and  Edward  G.  Pauling  were  admitted  into  the  firm. 
Loeb  &  Bro.  are  bankers  of  large  capital  and  the  very  highest  standing  in 
Chicago  commercial  circles. 

Avenue  Savings  Bank. — Location  Thirty-first  street  and  Michigan  avenue. 
This  institution  is  owned  by  George  L.  Magill,  its  president,  and  Louis  Krame, 
its  cashier.  It  pays  interest  to  savings  depositors. 

American  Trust  and  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  1889;  capital,  $1,000,000;  surplus,  $150,000.  Present 
officers — G.  B.  Shaw,  president  Franklin  H.  Head,  vice-president;  J.  R. 
Chapman,  cashier;  W.  L.  Moyer,  assistant  cashier.  Directors:  William  J. 
Watson,  T.  W.  Harvey,  Adolph  Kraiis,  Franklin  H.  Head,  S.  A.  Maxwell, 
J.  H.  Pearson,  C.  T.  Trego,  Ferd  W.  Peck,  William  Deeriug,  G.  B.  Shaw, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  151 

V.  A.  Watkins,  E.  L.  Lobdell,  C.  T.  Nash,  Joy  Morton,  George  E.  Wood, 
William  Kent,  S.  A.  Kent.  Location  of  banking  house,  Owings  building, 
Dearborn  and  Adams  streets. 

Bank  of  Commerce. — Incorporated  March  9,  1891,  aa  successor  to  the 
private  banking  house  of  Felsenthal,  Gross  &  Miller  ;  capital  stock  paid  up, 
$500,000.  Location,  108  La  Salle  street.  The  business 'of  the  private  bank 
had  increased  so  that  the  firm  feit  it  incumbent  on  them  to  join  the  clearing 
house,  and  consequently  increased  their  capital  to  the  required  amount, 
$500,000.  The  officers  of  the  State  Bank  of  Illinois  are  among  the  most  sub- 
stantial and  reputable  citizens  of  Chicago.  Herman  Felsenthal,  president; 
Jacob  Gross,  vice-president ;  Fred  Miller,  cashier.  Directors :  Adam  Miller, 
Jacob  Gross,  Herman  Felsenthal,  Adolph  Loeb,  S.  M.  Fischer,  Jacob  Birk, 
K.  G.  Schmidt.  L.  Loewenstein,  Samuel  Woolner,  Charles  F.  Miller,  Eli  B. 
Telsenthal,  Morris  Beifeld,  Jacob  Spielmann. 

Bank  of  Montreal. — William  Monroe,  manager;  E.  M.  Shadbolt,  assistant 
cashier. 

Cahn  and  Strauss,  Bunkers. — Do  a  general  commercial  business,  making 
specialties  of  government  bonds,  local  securities  and  foreign  exchange. 
Location  of  banking  house,  128  La  Salle  street. 

Central  Trust  and  Savings  .Ban*.— Present  location  Washington  st.  and 
Fifth  avenue.  Cost  Capital,  $200,000.  In  banking  department  receives 
deposits  subject  to  check.  In  savings  department  receives  deposits  of  $1.00 
and  upward,  4  percent  per  annum.  'Officers  :  William  A.  Paulten,  1st  vice- 
president  ;  F.  P.  Burgett,  2d  vice-president;  Charles  Sparre,  cashier. 
Directors  .  Wm.  A.  Paulsen,  late  of  Paulsen  &  Sparre,  Bankers ;  Chas. 
Sparre,  late  of  Paulsen  &  Sparre,  Bankers ;  E.  Jennings,  Pres.  of  E.  Jennings 
Co.  ;  Frank  A.  Smith,  Manufacturer  ;  W.  A.  Mason,  of  Jas.  H.  Walker  & 
Co.,  Dry  Goods;  W.  M.  R.  Vose,  Real  Estate  and  Loans  ;  Jas.  Frake,  Attor- 
ney ;  James  H.  Channon,  of  H.  Channon  Co.,  Ship  Chandlers  ;  Win.  Hill, 
Mortgage  Loans;  J.  W.  Byers.  Com.  Merchant,  Stock  Yards;  Gorham  B. 
Coffin,  of  Coffin  Devoe  &  Co.,  Paints.  [The  building  at  present  occupied  by 
this  bank  is  to  be  torn  down  Future  location  unknown  ^  this  writing.] 

diaries  Henrotin,  Banker  and  Broker. — One  of  the  founders  of  the  Chi- 
cago Stock  Exchange,  and  one  of  the  heaviest  brokers  in  local  and  outside 
stocks  in  Chicago.  A  promoter  of  some  of  the  largest  enterprises  of  the 
times.  Location  of  banking  house,  169  Dearborn  street. 

Chicago  Trust  and  Savings  Bank. — Under  the  supervision  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  organized  May,  1885;  capital  paid  in,  $400,000  Present  officers — D. 
H.  Tolman,  president;  P.  E.  Jennison,  cashier.  Location  of  banking  house, 
northeast  corner  of  Washington  and  Clark  sts.  [N.  B. — This  banking  house 
has  been  the  subject  of  a  vast  amount  of  most  unfavorable  criticism.  Its 
president,  D.  H.  Tolman,  has  been  frequently  charged  with,  and  sued  in  the 
courts  for,  alleged  unfairness  in  business  and  sharp  practice  in  dealing  with 
his  clients.] 

Corn  Exchange  Sink.  —Organized  1872.  re-organized  1879;  capital, 
$1,000000;  surplus,  $1.000,000.  Present  officers— Charles  L.  Hutchinson, 
president;  Ernest  A.  Hamill,  vice-president;  Frank  W.  Smith,  cashier. 
Directors — Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Byron  L.  Smith,  Charles  Counsolman, 
Sidney  A.  lOnt.  John  H.  Dwight,  Edwin  G.  Foreman,  Ernest  A.  Hamill, 
Charles  H.  VVacker,  B.  M.  Frees,  Charles  H.  Schwab.  Edward  B  Butler. 


152  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

The  Corn  Exchange  is  one  of  the  great  banking  houses  of  the  city,  and  for 
over  eighteen  years  has  ranked  among  the  leading  financial  institutions  of 
the  West.  Location  of  banking  house,  Rookery  building,  Adams  and  La 
Salle  streets. 

Dime  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  State  supervision  ;  incorporated 
April,  1869.  Present  officers — Samuel  G.  Bailey,  president,  merchant ; 
W.  C.  D.  Grannis,  vice-president,  president  Atlas  National  bank  ;  Eugene 
Gary,  insurance,  Rialto  building ;  C.  B.  Farwell,  merchant  and  United 
States  Senator;  A.  R.  Barnes,  printer,  68  and  70  Wabash  avenue;  W.  M. 
Van  Nort wick,  paper  manufacturer,  Batavia,  111.;  L.  R.  Giddings,  mortgages, 
Chamber  of  Commerce  buildiag;  G.  P.  Swift,  packer,  Union  Stock  Yards; 
Wm.  Kelsey  Reed,  treasurer.  This  is  exclusively  a  savings  bank,  and  ranks 
high  among  Chicago's  financial  institutions.  Location  of  banking  house  and 
safety  vaults,  104-106  Washington  street. 

E.  S.  Dreyer  &  Co.,  Bankers. — Established  over  twenty  years  ago,  and 
one  of  the  leading  banking  houses  of  the  city.  The  firm  is  composed  of  E.  S. 
Dreyer  and  Robert  Berger.  A  specialty  is  made  of  mortgage  loans,  though 
the  house  does  a  general  banking  business.  Location,  northeast  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Washington  sts. 

Farmers'  Trust  Company. — Present  officers — R.  Sayer,  president;  Josiah 
L.  Lombard,  vice-president  and  treasurer.  Capital  $100,000.  Location  of 
banking  house,  112  Dearborn  street. 

Foreman  Bros.,  Bankers. — Pounded  thirty  years  ago,  by  the  father  of  the 
present  proprietors  of  the  house,  Edwin  G.  Foreman  and  Oscar  G.  Foreman. 
A  banking  institution  that  has  maintained  a  high  standing  through  the  ad- 
verse as  well  as  prosperous  times  in  Chicago  history,  for  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  Foreman  Bros,  receive  deposits,  buy  and  sell  martgages  and  other 
investment  securities,  and  make  a  specialty  of  loanson  real  estate.  Location 
of  banking  house,  128  and  130  Washington  St.,  near  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
opposite  City  Hall. 

•  Globe  Savings  Bank. — Organized  1890  Capital  paid  in  $200,000.  Savings 
accounts  bear  interest  at  4  per  cent,  per  annum.  Four  interest  days  each 
year — January  1^:  April  1st,  July  1st,  October  1st.  Deposits  on  or  before 
the  4th  of  the  month  bear  interest  from  the  1st.  C.  W.  Spalding,  president; 
Edward  Hayes,  vic«-president;  J.  P.  Atgeld,  second  vice-president;  W.  S. 
Loomis,  assistant  cashier. 

(Greenebaum  Sons,  Binkers. — Founded  by  EHas  Greenebaum  thirty-seven 
years  ago.  The  present  firm  consists  of  Elias  Greenbaum,  H.  E.  Greenebaum, 
M.  E.  Greenebaum  and  James  E.  Greenebaum.  The  house  transacts  a  very 
large  banking  business  and  makes  a  specialty  of  loans  and  real  estate.  The 
bank  occupies  the  main  floor  of  116  and  118  Lasalle  street,  Mercantile  build- 
ing. Greenebaum  Sons'  bank  has  occupied  an  important  place  in  the  growth 
and  development  of  the  city.  Thousands  of  buildings,  from  the  neat  resi- 
dence to  the  business  block,  have  been  erected  primarily  by  funds  obtained 
through  this  firm.  Drafts  and  letters  of  credit  issued  on  all  European  cities. 

Guarantee  Company  of  North  America. — Head  office,  Montreal,  Canada. 
Chicago  directors — L.  J. Gage, vice-president,  First  National  Bank;  R.  R. Cable, 
president  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.;  the  Hon.  J.  Russell  Jones,  ex-president 
West  Side  Ry.;  C.  T.  Wheeler,  ex-president  Continental  National  Bank;  E. 
Nelson  Blake,  ex-president  Board  of  Trade.  Capital  and  resources,  $1,079  - 
574.  Office,  175  La  Sail*  street. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  153 

Hibernian  Banking  Association. — Organized  1867.  One  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial banking  houses  inthecity;  capital,  $222,000  ;  undivided  profits,  $293,- 
095.81.  Present  officers — J.  V.  Clarke,  president ;  Charles  F.  Clark,  vice- 
president  ;  Hamilton  B.  Dox,  cashier.  Directors— J.  V.  Clarke,  Hamilton  B. 
Dox,  James  R.  McKay,  Henry  B.  Clarke,  Thomas  Lonergan,  Charles  F. 
Clark,  J.  V.  Clarke,  Jr. ,  Louis  B.  Clark.  Location  of  banking  house,  Clark 
and  Lake  streets. 

Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State 
of  Illinois,  August,  1887.  Capital  stock  paid  in,  $1,000,000;  surplus,  $1,000,- 
000;  additional  liabilities  of  its  stockholders,  $1,000,000;  total  amount  pledged 
for  the  security  of  depositors,  $3,000,000.  Present  officers — John  J.  Mitchell, 
president;  John  B.  Drake,  vice-president;  William  H.  Mitchell,  3d  vice-presi- 
dent; W.  H.  Reid,  3d  vice-president;  James  S.  Gibbs,  cashier;  B.  M.  Chattel, 
assistant  cashier.  Directors — L.  Z.  Leiter,  William  G.  Hibbard,  John  B. 
Drake,  John  J.  Mitchell,  John  McCaffery,  J.  C.  McMullin,  W.  H.  Reid, 
William  H.  Mitchell,  D.  B.  Shipman.  Among  the  stockholders  of  the  bank 
are  the  wealthiest  capitalists  and  merchants  of  Chicago,  including  L.Z.  Leiter, 
J.  Russell  Jones,  Marshall  Field,  Albert  Keep,  Philip  D.  Armour,  Robert 
Law,  J.  C.  McMullin.  Following  is  a  statement  of  the  bank's  resources  and 
liabilities:  Resources— Bonds  and  stocks,  $1,440,816.50;  real  estate,  $26,291.34; 
current  expenses  paid,  $25,314.61;  cash  and  exchange,  $2,856,178.05;  loans  on 
demand,  $8,155,679.21;  loans  on  time,  $1,943,152.25;  loans  on  real  estate, 
$1,817,193.32;  total,  $16,264,625.28.  Liabilities— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000; 
surplus  fund,  $788,916.20;  undivided  profits,  $275,737.58;  dividends  unpaid, 
$3,500;  time  deposits,  $7,699,740.73;  demand  deposits,  $6,496,730.77;  total, 
$16,264,625.28.  The  bank  has  savings,  commercial  safety  deposit  and  trust 
departments.  Location  of  banking  house,  Rookery  building,  southeast 
corner  of  La  Salle  and  Adams  streets. 

Industrial  Bank  of  Chicago. — Location,  Blue  Island  avenue  and  Twentieth 
streets.  A  savings  and  commercial  institution.  President,  A.  L.  Chetlain; 
first  vice-president,  Louis  Hutt;  second  vice  president,  B.  M.  Hair;  cashier, 
John  G.  Schaar;  assistant  cashier,  J.  E.  Henriques.  Directors  :  Louis  Hutt, 
A.  H.  Andrews,  W.  O.  Goodman,  B.  M.  Hair,  John  G.  Schaar,  A.  L.  Chet- 
lain, John  McLaren,  H.  D.  Cable  and  P.  G.  Dodge. 

The  idea  of  establishing  this  new  bank  originated  with  the  leading  manu- 
facturers and  lumbermen  in  that  district,  which  is  known  as  the  lumber  dis- 
trict, embracing  the  territory  south  of  the  Burlington  tracks  and  as  far  west 
as  the  Belt  Line.  It  is  the  most  important  industrial  district  in  Chicago, 
located  three  miles  southwest  from  the  business  center,  and  has  a  population 
of  50,000.  The  need  of  a  bank  there  has  long  been  felt  by  the  manufacturers 
and  business  men.  The  annual  output  of  the  district,  including  lumber  and 
the  product  of  the  various  important  manufacturing  interests  there  located, 
amounts  to  over  $30,000,000,  while  there  is  paid  in  wages  to  skilled  and 
unskilled  labor  between  $7,000,000  and  $9,000,000  a  year. 

The  new  bank  will  do  a  general  banking  business,  will  sell  foreign  and 
domestic  exchange,  steamship  tickets  of  all  classes  to  all  points  in  Europe, 
issue  letters  of  credit  and  accept  savings  accounts.  General  A.  L.  Chetlain, 
an  old  and  respected  citizen  of  Chicago,  is  the  president  of  the  new  institu- 
tion; Louis  Hutt,  the  well-known  lumberman,  is  the  firstvice-president;  B.  M. 
Hair,  of  Hair  &  Ridgway,  the  second  vice-president;  John  G.  Schaar,  the 
cashier,  and  J.  E.  Henriques,  the  assistant  cashier.  Besides  General  Chetlain, 


154  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Messrs.  Hutt  and  Hair  and  Cashier  Schaar,  the  directors  are:  W.  O.  Good- 
man, of  the  Sawyer-Goodman  Co.;  A.  H.  Andrews,  of  A.  II.  Andrews  &  Co.; 
John  McLaren,  of  John  Mason,  Loomis  &  Co.;  H.  D.  Cable,  president  of  the 
Chicago  Cottage  Organ  Company,  and  P.  G.  Dodge,  of  P.  G.  Dodge  &  Co. 

The  high  character  of  the  men  who  have  the  management  of  the  new  bank 
is  a  sufficient  guarantee  that  its  affairs  will  be  administered  wisely,  and  that 
it  will  be  conducted  on  business  principles. 

The  elegant  fire-proof  building  now  being  built  for  this  bank  will  be  ready 
for  them  about  May  1st,  and  will  contain  one  of  the  finest  safety  vaults  in  the 
city. 

International  Bank. — Organized  October  21,  1868,  as  the  International 
Mutual  Trust  Company,  and  was  changed  to  its  present  name  in  1871.  The 
first  officers  were — Prances  A.  Hoffman,  president;  Julius  Busch,  vice-presi- 
dent; aucl  Rudolph  Schloesser,  cashier.  Present  officers — B.  Loewenthal, 
president;  Leo  Fox,  vice-president;  Bernhard  Neu,  cashier.  Mr.  Lowenthal, 
the  president,  became  connected  with  the  bank  in  1870.  Capital,  $500,000; 
surplus,  January  1, 1892,  $125,000.  Directors — John  Kranz,  Louis  Wamboldj, 
August  Bauer,  B.  New,  Ed.  Rose,  Michael  Brand,  B.  Lowenthal  and  Leo  Fox. 
Besides  doing  a  general  banking  business,  the  International  Bank  issues  cir- 
cular letters  of  credits,  and  draws  drafts  on'  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  stand- 
ing of  the  International  is  first-class.  Banking  house  located  at  110  La  Salle 
street. 

Meadowcroft  Bros. ,  Bankers. — Established  1860.  Located  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  Dearborn  and  Washington  streets.  This  banking  house  offers 
every  facility  for  individuals  or  merchants  who  contemplate  opening  an 
account  or  making  changes.  Aside  from  the  ordinary  conveniences  of  hav- 
ing banking  connections,  the  depositor  can  make  his  selection  from  different 
classes  of  deposit  contracts,  either  certificates  bearing  interest  or  special  de- 
posits with  interest.  Those  desiring  safe  investment  for  their  funds  can  be 
supplied  with  good  real  estate  securities,  or  have  orders  for  any  bonds  or 
stocks  executed.  The  bank  is  enabled  to  offer  the  advantages  of  European 
correspondents  both  in  buying  and  selling.  Location  of  banking  house, 
northwest  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Washington  sts. 

Merchant's  Loan  and  Trust  Company. — Organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Illinois  in  1857.  Capital,  $2,000,000;  surplus,  $1,000,000;  undivided 
profits,  $613,430.  The  trustees  are—  Marshall  Field,  C.  H.  McCormick,  John 
DeKoven,  Albert  Keep,  John  Tyrrell,  Lambert  Tree,  J.  W.  Doane,  P.  L. 
Yoe,  George  M.  Pullman,  A.  H.  Burley,  E.  T.  Watkins,  Erskine  M.  Phelps, 
Orson  Smith.  Present  officers — J.  W.  Doaue,  president;  P.  L.  Yoe,  vice- 
president;  Orson  Smith,  second  vice-president;  F.  C.  Osborn,  cashier. 
This  is  the  oldest  and  one  of  the  greatest  banking  houses  in  Chicago. 
"  Long"  John  Wentworth  was  one  of  the  original  incorporators,  and  through- 
out the  latter  part  of  his  life  was  active  in  the  banks's  interest.  The  Mer- 
chants' Loan  and  Trust  Company  does  the  general  work  of  a  modern  Trust 
company  and  that  of  a  bank  of  discount  as  well. 

Milwaukee  Avenue  State  Bank. — Location  Milwaukee  Avenue  and  Car- 
penter street.  Take  Milwaukee  avenue  cable  line.  Capital,  $250,000. 
Successor  to  the  banking  house  of  Paul  O.  Stensland  &  Co.,  the  leading 
financial  institution  of  the  northwestern  section  of  the  city.  The  former 
bank  had  built  up  a  very  large  business  with  the  tradespeople  of  Milwaukee 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  155 

avenue  011  the  great  manufacturing  concerns  contiguous  to  that  important 
thoroughfare.  For  this  reason  it  became  necessary  to  increase  its  capital 
stock  and  facilities,  and  an  organization  under  the  State  banking  laws  WHS 
effected  on  September  15, 1891,  when  the  Milwaukee  Avenue  State  Bank  was 
incorporated.  The  officers  of  the  bank  are,  president,  Paul  O.  Stensland; 
vice-president,  Andrew  C.  Lausten;  cashier,  Charles  E.  Schlytern;  attorney, 
Donald  L.  Morill.  Directors— John  P.  Hanson,  F.  H.  Herhold,  William 
Johnson,  M.  A.  LaBuy,  A.  C.  Lausten,  John  McLaren,  Thomas  G.  Morris, 
John  Schermann,  John  Smulski,  Paul  O.  Stensland  and  Spren  D.  Thorson. 
The  stockholders  are  all  representative  business  and  professional  men. 
Among  the  more  prominent  are:  Franklin  S.  Anderson,  of  John  Anderson 
Publishing  Co. ;  John  P.  Hansen,  cigar  manufacturer;  F.  Herhold  &  Sons, 
chair  manufacturers;  A.  J.  Johnson  &  Sons,  furniture  manufacturers ;  William 
Johnson,  Vessel  owner;  Peter  Kiolbassa,  city  treasurer;  Andrew  C  Lausten, 
president  Northwestern  Lead  &  Oil  Co.;  Richard  Prendergast,  attorney; 
Morris  Rosenfeld,  capitalist;  Jesse  Spalding,  president  Spalding  Lumber 
Co.;  Paul  O.  Stensland,  Soren  D.  Thorson,  of  Central  Manufacturing  Co, 
and  John  R.  Walsh,  president  Chicago  National  Bank.  The  following 
figures  show  the  condition  of  the  business  of  the  bank  in  January  of  the 
present  year.  Assets;  loans  and  discounts,  $458,869.16;  furniture,  fixtures 
and  lease,  $10,201.50;  due  from  banks,  $83,250.29;  cash  on  hand,  $56,163.71; 
total,  $608,484.66.  Liabilities:  capital  stock,  $250,000;  undivided  profits, 
$5,237.03;  individual  deposits,  $216  393.08;  savings  deposits,  $136,853.95; 
total,  $353,24f  .63;  grand  total,  $608,484.66. 

This  bank  does  a  general  business  and  in  addition  has  a  savings  depart- 
ment. Teachers,  clerks,  artisans  and  wage-workers  generally,  will  fiud'this 
a  convenient  and  safe  place  for  their  savings.  Deposits  received  in  this 
department  in  amojints  of  one  dollar  and  upwards,  and  interest  allowed  at 
the  usual  rates.  This  bank  sells  exchange  and  money  orders  on  foreign 
countries  at  the  lowest  market  rates.  Drafts,  payable  on  demand,  drawn  on 
all  principal  cities  in  Europe,  and  remittances  made  to  any  address  without 
risk  to  the  purchaser.  Foreign  money  bought  and  sold.  Connected  with 
this  bank  are  the  Milvtaukee  avenue  Safe  Deposit  Vaults,  where  private 
boxes  for  the  safe  keeping  of  documents  and  other  valuables,  are  rented  at 
$5.00  per  year.  Entrance  through  the  bank.  The  high  standing  and  popu- 
larity of  the  president  of  the  bank  in  his  capacity  of  a  private  citizen,  brings 
to  the  institution,  of  which  he  is  the  head,  the  confidence  of  the  public.  Mr. 
Stensland'g  time  is  given  almost  wholly  to  the  conduct  of  this  institution,  and 
it  gives  promise  of  ranking  among  the  great  banking  houses  of  the  city  before 
very  long. 

Northern  Trust  Company. — Organized  under  the  jurisdiction  and  super- 
vision of  the  State  of  Illinois,  August,  1889.  Capital  fully  paid  in  $1,000,- 
000.  Present  officers — B.  L.  Smith,  president;.  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  vice- 
presi'dent;  Arthur  Heurtle}',  cashier;  Frank  L.  Hawkey,  assistant  cashier. 
Directors— A.  C.  Bartlett,  J.  Harley  Bradley,  II.  N.  Higinbotham,  Marvin 
Hughitt,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  A.  O.  Slaughter,  Martin  A.  Ryerson, 
Albert  A.  Sprague,  B.  L.  Smith.  Location  of  banking  house,  Chamber  of 
Commerce  building,  southeast  corner  of  Washington  and  La  Salle  streets. 

Peabody,  Houghteling  &  Co.,  59  Dearborn  street,  Investment  Bankers. — 
Some  years  before  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  extensive  business  done  by  this 
firm  in  mortgage  loans  upon  real  estate  in  Cook  county  had  its  origin  Mr. 


156  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Benjamin  E.  Gallup  was  associated  with  Mr.  Peabody  in  the  business,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Gallup  &  Peabody,  until  1875  or  1876.  The  firm  earned  a 
high  reputation  for  ability  and  conservatism,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  a 
large  list  of  investors.  From  and  after  January,  1876,  Mr.  Gallup's  connec- 
tion with  the  business  having  terminated,  the  business  was  conducted  under 
the  firm  name  of  Francis  B.  Peabody  &  Co.  Mr.  James  L.  Houghteling 
became  a  partner  in  the  business  January  1,  1885,  and  since  the  name  of  the 
house  has  been  as  indicated  in  the  caption  of  this  sketch.  Their  business  has 
kept  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  city,  and  they  are  now  reputed  to  do  the 
leading  business  in  mortgage  loans  in  this  city. 

They  are  known  to  exercise  the  greatest  care  in  the  valuations  of  real 
estate  offered  for  loans,  in  the  examination  of  title  and  in  ascertaining  the 
character  and  responsibility  of  borrowers.  By  reason  of  their  long  expe- 
rience, fair  dealing,  promptness  and  available  capital,  they  are  enabled  in  all 
conditions  of  the  money  market  to  select  the  best  securities  and  to  deal  with 
the  most  responsible  class  of  borrowers.  They  have  contributed  very  largely 
in  making  loans  upon  Chicago  property  the  most  popular  and  desirable  of 
investments. 

Their  clientage,  already  very  extensive,  is  rapidly  growing,  and  embraces 
some  of  the  most  prominent  financial  and  educational  institutions,  both  in  the 
East  and  in  Chicago.  The  first  mortgages  (principal  and  interest  payable  in 
gold)  they  have  constantly  in  hand  are  bought  largely  for  the  investment  of 
trust  funds,  where  safety  and  a  fair  rate  of  interest  can  be  combined. 

Peterson  &  Bay,  Bankers. — Established  1873.  Andrew  Peterson  and  Geo. 
P.  Bay,  owners;  deal  in  investment  securities,  foreign  exchange,  mortgage 
loans,  make  collections  and  do  a  general  real  estate  business.  Location  of 
banking  house— Southwest  corner  La  Salleand  Randolph  sts. 

Prairie  State  Savings  and  Trust  Company. — Organized  February  22, 1861, 
with  a  capital  of  $100,000 ;  increased  to  $200,000  October  8,  1890  ;  present 
officers,  Charles  B.  Scoville,  president ;  George  Van  Zandt,  vice-president ; 
George  Woodland,  cashier.  Location  of  banking  house — 45  South  Des- 
plaines  st. 

Pullman  Loan  and  Savings  Bank. — Located  at  Pullman.  Chicago. 
Officers:  George  M.  Pullman,  president:  Edward  F.  Bryant,  secretary; 
directors,  Geoige  M.  Pullman,  Marshall  Field,  Stephen  F.  Gale,  John  W. 
Doane,  Geo.  F.  Brown,  C.  R.  Cummings,  John  De  Koven,  G.  Vandersyde 
and  James  Chase.  Statement  of  condition,  January  1,  1892:  Resources: 
Loans  and  discounts,  $509,982.69  ;  due  from  banks  and  depositories,  $192,- 
926  26;  real  estate,  furniture  and  fixtures,  $2.827.82;  cash,  $48,939.74.  Total 
resources,  $754,676.51.  Liabilities:  Capita],  $100,000;  surplus,  $50,000;  profit 
and  loss,  $7,449.16;  dividend  unpaid,  $3,000;  deposits,  commercial,  $174,- 
598.34;  deposits,  savings,  $419.629.01.  Total  liabilities,  $754,676.51. 

Slaughter,  A.  0.  &  Co. — Located  at  111-113  La  Salle  street  (Chamber  of 
Commerce  building);  A.  O.  Slaughter  and  William  V.  Baker,  proprietors. 
Mr.  Slaughter  has  been  in  business  here  for  over  twenty-five  years,  and  is 
considered  the  best  informed  authority  on  railroad  bonds  and  stocks  in  the 
city.  Mr.  Baker  is  of  the  old  firm  of  Baker  &  Parmele,  which  started  as 
bankers  and  brokers  in  1886.  Mr.  Parmele  died  in  May,  1890.  The  firm  of 
A.  O.  Slaughter  &  Co.  was  established  in  July,  1890.  This  house  ranks 
among  the  most  solid  and  reliable  institutions  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Slaughter's 
prominence  in  social  and  business  circles  is  indicative  of  the  high  estimation 


CHICAGO   AS  IT  IS.  157 

in  which  he  is  held  on  all  sides.  Mr.  Baker  takes  a  foremost  position  among 
the  skillful  bank  executives  of  the  city.  The  management  of  the  finances  of 
many  great  enterprises  and  of  many  great  estates  has  been  intrusted  to  this 
"firm  during  recent  years.  It  is  considered  one  of  the  most,  carefully  conducted 
private  banking  establishments  in  the  country. 

Scliaffner  &  Co.,  Bankers.  —  Established  January,  1878.  One  of  the 
largest  and  most  responsible  private  banking  houses  in  the  country.  Herman 
Schaffner  and  A.  G.  Becker,  proprietors  and  managers.  Makes  a  specialty  of 
handling  commercial  paper  and  dealing  with  manufacturing  and  business 
firms.  Annual  business  transacted,  about  $35,000,000.  Its  business  is  confined 
to  the  securities  and  paper  of  this  country,  but  it  has  extensive  foreign  deal- 
ings as  well.  The  firm  has  few  equals  in  the  amount  of  the  actual  moneyed 
transactions  made  in  any  of  the  Eastern  cities.  The  successful  handling  of 
the  immense  amount  of  paper  as  shown  by  a  single  year's  business,  is  as 
highly  gratifying  as  it  is  commendatory  of  the  financial  ability  and  acumen  of 
the  members  of  the  firm. 

Security,  Loan  and  Savings  Bank. —Organized  August,  1886.  Capital, 
$100,000.  Present  officers— E.  R.  Walker,  president;  D.  Rankin,  cashier. 
Location  of  banking  house,  127  La  Kalle  Street. 

State  Bank  of  Chicago. — Located  at  the  northeast  corner  of  La  Salle  and 
Lake  streets  (Marine  building).  Formerly  the  private  banking  house  of  Hau- 
gan  &  Lindgren,  established  originally  1879.  New  bank  established  February 
10,1891.  Cash  capital,  $500,000.  Officers:  H.  A.  Haugan,  president;  John  H. 
Dwight,  vice-president;  John  R.  Lindgren,  cashier.  Directors:  Thomas 
Murdoch,  A.  P.  Johnson,  H.  C.  Durand,  A.  Jurgens,  J.  M.  Larimer,  Charles 
L.  Hutchinson,  Theo.  Freeman,  John  H.  Dwight,  P.  8.  Peterson,  H.  A. 
Haugan,  John  R.  Lindgren.  The  last  report  of  the  bank  shows  the  following 
as  its  condition  Dec.  31,  1891:  Loans  and  discounts,  $1,543,957.69;  bonds. 
$12,992.47;  furniture  and  fixtures.  $5,800;  cash  and  due  from  banks,  $503,- 
589.01;  total  resources,  ($2,066,339.17;  liabilities— cash  capital,  $500,000; 
undivided  profits,  $50,868.37;  deposits,  $1,515,470.80;  total  liabilities.  $2,066,- 
339.17. 

Union  Trust  Company. — Organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois, 
April  20, 1870.  Present  officers  — S.  W.  Rawson,  president;  E.  F.  Pulsifer, 
vice-president;  G.  M.  Wilson,  cashier;  F.  L.  Wilk,  assistant  cashier.  J.  H. 
Pearson  and  James  Longley ,  in  addition  to  the  above,  constitute  the  Directory. 
Capital  and  surplus,  $1,000,000.  Location  of  banking  house,  northeast 
corner  of  Madison  and  Dearborn  streets. 

Western  Trust  and  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  the  name  of 
Western  Investment  Bank,  in  1884.  Reorganized  under  its  present  name, 
January,  1890.  Present  officers — William  Holgate,  president;  E.  Jennings, 
vice-president;  William  P.  Kimball,  second  vice-president.  Capital,  $100,- 
000.  Location  of  banking  house,  Washington  street  and  Fifth  ave. 

CEMETERIES. 

There  are  many  beautiful  burying  grounds  within  the  present  corporate 
limits  of  the  city,  and  in  the  immediate  suburbs.  There  are  no  old  grave- 
yards, or  church-yards,  such  as  may  be  seen  in  the  cities  and  towns  of  Europe, 
or  in  the  older  cities  of  this  continent,  within  the  business  district.  The 
only  remains  of  a  cemetery  to  be  seen  in  the  old  city  is  the  tomb  of  the  Couch 
family,  which  still  holds  its  place  in  Lincoln  Park,  a  great  portion  of  whiqh 


158  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

covers  the  site  of  an  old  graveyard.  [See  Lincoln  Park.]  There  are  no 
church-yards  in  existence  in  any  part  of  the  West.  The  different  ceme- 
teries, together  with  the  means  of  reaching  them,  are  pointed  out  below. 

Anshe  Maariv  Cemetery. — Located  at  North  Clark  st.  and  Belmont  ave. 
Take  Evanston  Division  of  Chicago,  Milwaukee  *fc  St.  Paul  railroad  or 
North  Clark  st.  cable  line. 

Austro- Hungarian  Cemetery. — Located  at  Waldheim,  10  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  and  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  Train  leaves  at  12:01  p.  m.  daily,  including  Sundays,  run 
ning  direct  to  the  new  cemetery  station,  immediately  adjoining  Waldheim, 
Forest  Home  and  the  Jewish  Cemeteries.  [See  Waldheim  Cemetery.] 

Beth  Hamedrash  Cemetery. — Located  at  Oakwoods,  Sixty-seventh  st.  and 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line  or  Illinois  Central 
train,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  st.  [See  Oakwoods  Cemetery.] 

B'nai  Abraham  Cemetery. — Located  one-half  mile  south  of  Waldheim, 
nine  and  one-half  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central 
depot,  via  Chicago  and  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Trains  leave  at  12:01 
daily,  including  Sundays.  [See  Waldheim  Cemetery.] 

B'nai  Shilom  Cemetery. — Located  on  North  Clark  st.  and  Graceland  ave. 
Take  North  Clark  st.  cable  line,  or  Evanston  Division  of  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  railroad. 

Calvary  Cemetery. — Located  south  of  and  adjoining  the  village  of  South 
Evanston,  ten- miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Wells  St.  depot,  via 
Chicago  &  North-Western  railway,  or  at  Union  depot,  via  Evanston  Division 
of  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad.  This  is  the  largest  and  oldest 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  cemeteries.  It  is  situated  beautifully,,  fronting  Sheri- 
dan road  and  Lake  Michigan.  The  cemetery  is  laid  out  with  great  taste. 
There  are  many  costly  and  handsome  tombs  and  monuments  to  be  seen  here. 
Among  the  latter  is  one  erected  to  the  memory  of  Colonel  Mulligan,  the  hero 
of  Lexington.  The  tombs  of  the  leading  Roman  Catholic  families  of  Chicago 
are  located  here.  This  burying  ground  was  consecrated  in  1861.  The  inter- 
ments have  exceeded  25,000.  Trains  leave  on  both  lines  for  Calvary  at  brief 
intervals  daily,  including  Sundays. 

Cemetery  of  tJie  Congregation  of  the  North  Side. — Located  at  Waldheim, 
ten  miles  from  the  City  Hail.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via 
Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Trains  leave  at  12:01  daily,  including 
Sundays. 

Chebra  Gemilath  Chasadim  Ubikar  Cholim  Cemetery. — Located  on  N. 
Clark  st.,  south  of  Graceland  Cemetery.  Take  train  on  Evanston  Division  of 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad,  or  N.  Clark  street  cable  line.  [See 
Gracelanu  Cemetery.] 

Chebra  KadistM  Ubikar  Cholim  Cemetery. — Located  on  N.  Clark  st.,  south 
of  Graceland  Cemetery.  .Take  train  on  Evanston  Division  of  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  railroad,  or  N.  Clark  street  cable  line.  [See  Graoeland 
Cemetery.] 

Coneordia  Cemetery. — Located  about  nine  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall  on 
Madison  st. ,  beside  the  Desplaines  river.  [See  Forest  Home  Cemetery.] 

Forest  Home  Cemetery. — Located  about  nine  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall 
on  Madison  st.,  beside  the  Desplaines  river.  Coneordia  Cemetery  adjoins 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  159 

this  burying  ground.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  & 
Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Its  eighty  acres  comprise  a  portion  of  the  giound 
once  constituting  Haase's  park,  a  noted  resort  of  its  day.  This  cemetery  i« 
beautifully  situated  and  laid  out  with  great  taste.  The  interments  in  Forest 
Home  Cemetery  and  Concordia  Cemetery  combined  have  numbered  about 
15,000. 

Free  Sons  of  Israel  Cemetery. — Located  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  &  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  [See  Waldheim  Cemetery.] 

German  Lutheran  Cemetery. — Located  on  N.  Clark  St.,  se.  cor.  of  Grace- 
land  ave.  Take  N.  Clark  street  cable  line.  This  cemetery  belongs  to  the  St. 
Paul  and  Emauuel  Luthern  Churches. 

Graceland  Cemetery. — Located  on  North  Clark  street,  five  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Union  depot,  via  Evanston  Division  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee «3TSt.  Paul  railroad  for  Buena  Park,  the  beautiful  station  of  which 
suburb  faces  the  main  entrance  of  the  cemetery,  or  take  the  North  Clark  street 
cable  line.  Better  still,  the  visitor  will  enjoy  a  magnificent  carriage*ride  by 
way  of  the  North  Side  Water  Works,  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Lincoln  Park, 
through  Lake  View  and  some  of  the  most  charming  of  the  Northern  suburbs, 
to  this  cemetery.  The  Graceland  Cemetery  Company  was  organized  under  a 
special  charter  in  1861.  William  B.  Ogden,  Edwin  H.  Sheldon,  Thomas  B. 
Bryan,  Sidney  Sawyer,  and  George  A.  Healy  being  the  first  incorporators. 
The  charter  confers  ample  powers  for  the  maintenance  and  preservation  of 
the  cemetery.  All  burial  lots  are  declared  exempt  from  taxation,  and  from 
execution  and  attachment;  no  street  or  thoroughfare  can  be  laid  out  through 
the  cemetery;  nor  can  any  part  of  the  grounds  be  condemned  for  right  of  way 
by  any  other  corporation  for  any  purpose  whatever.  Under  the  charter  ten 
per  cent,  of  the  gross  proceeds  of  all  sales  of  burial  lots  are  set  apart  as  a  sink- 
ing fund  for  the  perpetual  maintenance  of  the  cemetery  grounds.  This  fund 
is  held  and  managed  by  trustees  elected  by  the  lot  holders,  and  is  under  their 
sole  control.  These  trustees  are  also  authorized  to  take  any  grant  or  bequest 
in  trust,  and  to  apply  the  same  in  such  manner  as  the  donor  or  testator  may 
prescribe,  for  the  care  or  embellishment  of  anjr  particular  lots.  Save  for  the 
building  of  a  receiving  vault,  nothing  has  been  taken  from  the  general  sink- 
ing fund  during  thirty  years;  and  this  fund  at  the  past  rate  of  increase  will, 
within  a  few  years,  reach  $250,000;  which  sum  the  trustees  propose  to  retain 
as  a  permanent  capital,  whereof  the  income  shall  be  devoted  to  the  purposes 
of  their  trust.  The  trustees  of  this  fund  will  be  recognized  as  amoni>  Chi- 
cago's most  prominent  and  honored  citizens,  viz.:  William  Blair,  J.  W. 
McGenniss,  Daniel  Thompson,  E.  W.  Blatchford,  George  C.  Walker,  Hiram 
Wheeler,  Edwin  II.  Sheldon,  Jerome  Beecher,  A.  J.  Averill,  John  De 
Koven,  Henry  W.  King;  Hiram  Wheeler,  president:  Edwin  H.  Sheldon, vice- 
president;  Jerome  Beecher,  treasurer;  George  C.  Walker,  secretary.  The 
site  of  Graceland  is  admirably  adapted  for  a  burial  ground.  It  extends  for 
a  mile  along  an  elevated  and  handsome  ridge,  whose  natural  beauty  has 
been  enhanced  by  every  appliance  of  taste  and -art.  The  superintendent, 
O.  C.  Simonds,  is  an  accomplished  landscape  gardener  and  civil  engin- 
eer, and  under  his  direction  Graceland  will  bear  comparison  with  any 
cemetery  in  the  United  States.  Stone  coping,  hedges  and  side-paths  are 
dispensed  with.  The  entire  planting  is  done  under  the  direction  of  the 
superintendent,  and  each  section  resembles  a  beautiful  lawn  covered  with 


160  GUIDE   1O   CHICAGO. 

green  turf  and  dotted  with  shrubs  and  graceful  trees.  In  this  City  of  the 
Dead  the  voices  of  Nature  breathe  comfort  into  the  hearts  of  the  sorrowful, 
and  whisper  of  hope  and  consolation.  The  cemetery  has  become  a  gardea 
whose  beauty  renders  less  sombre  the  solemn  associations  of  the  tomb.  If  the 
mourner  sees  in  the  flowers  which  are  laid  upon  the  new-made  grave  an 
emblem  of  the  cherished  form  which  is  buried  from  his  sight,  he  also  sees  in 
the  blossoms  which  bloom  around  him  the  emblem  of  its  resurre«tion. 

Hebrew  Benevolent  Society  Cemetery. — Located  South  of  Graceland  Ceme- 
tery and  may  be  reached  in  a  similar  manner. 

Moses  Montefiore  Cemetery. — Located  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  [See  Waldheim  Cemetery.] 

Mount  Greenwood  Cemetery. — Located  one-half  mile  west  of  Morgan 
Park,  a  suburb,  fourteen  miles  south  of  the  City  Hall.  Take  trains  at  the  Van 
Buren  Street  depot,  via  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway. 

Mount  Hope  Cemetery. — Projected;  to  be  located  at  Washington  Heights, 
south  of  the  city. 

Mount  Olive  Cemetery. — Located  at  Dunning,  nine  miles  west  of  the  City 
Hall.  Take  train  at  Union  depot,  via  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  rail- 
road. This  is  a  beautiful  cemetery  and  is  the  burying-place  of  Scandinavian 
families.  The  secretary  and  treasurer  is  Mr.  Paul  O.  Stensland. 

Mount  Olivet  Cemetery. — Located  one-half  mile  west  of  the  suburb  of 
Morgan  Park.  Take  train  at  Dearborn  station,  via  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk 
railway. 

Oakwoods  Cemetery. — Located  on  Sixty-seventh  street  and  Cottage  Grove 
avenue.  Take  Illinois  Central  railroad,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren 
street,  or  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line.  This  cemetery  was  laid  out  in 
1864.  It  includes  200  acres  of  ground  beautifully  laid  out  on  the  "lawn 
plan."  A  charming  drive  to  the  cemetery  is  via  Michigan  and  Grand  boule- 
vards and  Washington  Park.  This,  Rosehill  and  Graceland  are  the  three 
prominent  native  Protestant  burying  grounds  of  the  city. 

Ohavey  Emunah  Cemetery. — Located  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific 
railroad.  Trains  leave  at  12:01  P.  M.  daily,  including  Sundays.  [See  Wald- 
heim Cemetery.] 

Ohavey  Scholom  Cemetery. — Located  at  Oakwoods,  Sixty-seventh  street 
and  Cottage  Grove  avenue.  Take  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  cable  line  or  Illi- 
nois Ceutraltraiu,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  street.  [See  Oakwoods 
Cemetery.] 

Rosehill  Cemetery. — Located  seven  miles  northeast  of  the  City  Hall. 
Take  train  at  Wells  Street  depot,  via  Milwaukee  Division  of  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railroad.  The  Rosehill  Cemetery  Company  was  chartered 
February  11,  1859.  This  burying  ground  covers  at  present  about  500  acres, 
but  extensions  can  be  made.  Two  hundred  additional  acres  have  already  been 
platted  and  improved.  It  is  the  most  beautiful  cemetery  in  the  vicinity  of 
Chicago  and  contains  many  handsome  and  costly  tombs  and  monuments,  the 
most  prominent  of  the  latter  being  the  soldiers'  monument  at  the  head  of  the 
main  avenue.  Large  numbers  of  those  who  were  once  the  leading  men  of  the 
city  are  interred  here,  and  the  inscriptions  on  the  tombs  are  interesting  to  the 
students  of  Chicago  history.  The  green-houses  and  conservatories  of  Rose- 
hill  are  very  handsome  and  extensive.  The  ground  slopes  down  to  the  rail- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  161 

road  track  and  forms  a  beautiful  landscape.  li  is  thickly  wooded  with  flne 
trees,  and  a  large  lake  adds  greatly  to  its  beauty.  Thia  cemetery  may  be 
reached  easily  by  carriages,  via  Lake  Shore  drive,  Lincoln  Park,  Graceland 
and  some  of  the  most  cheering  of  the  northern  suburbs.  Among  the  things 
which  •will  at  once  strike  the  visitor  with  admiration  is  the  handsome  entrance 
arch. 

Sinai  Congregational  Cemetery.— Located,  at  Rosehill.  [See  Rosehill 
Cemetery.] 

St.  Boniface  Cemetery. — Located  on  N.  Clark  st.,  cor.  of  Lawrence  ave. 
Take  North  Clark  street  cable  line.  This  is  the  German  Roman  Catholic 
Cemetery. 

Waldheim  Cemetery. — Located  ten  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall.  Take 
train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad. 
Funeral  train  leaves  at  12:01  p.  M.  daily,  including  Sundays,  running  direct 
to  the  new  cemetery  station,  immediately  adjoining  Waldheim,  Forest  Home 
and  the  Jewish  cemeteries.  Here  are  interred  the  anarchists  executed  for 
connection  with  the  Hay  market  bomb-throwing.  [See  Haymarket  Massacre.] 
A  number  of  burying-grounds  are  located  in  this  vicinity. 

Zion  Congregation,  Cemetery. — Located  at  Rosehill.  [See  Rosshill 
Cemetery.] 

CHARITIES. 

Charity  aboundeth  in  Chicago.  It  is  estimated  that  the  amount  volun- 
tarily subscribed  annually  for  charity,  and  in  support  of  charitable  institutions 
In  Chicago,  exceeds  $3,000,000.  Hospitals,  which  are  supported  either  by 
public  or  private  charity,  are  not  included  under  this  heading.  Neither  are 
reformatory  institutions.  The  following  are  the  leading  charitable  works 
and  institutions  of  the  city. 

Recognized  Charities. — Following  is  a  list  of  the  recognized  or  deserving 
charities  of  the  city,  which  includes  every  character  of  organized  work,  with 
addresses: 

ASYLUMS  AND  HOMES. — American  Educational  Aid  Society. — Finda 
homes  for  children.  Nursery  located  at  238  Sixty -sixth  st.  Older  children 
at  Aurora,  111.,  till  homes  are  found.  Office,  room  41,  232  La  Salle  st. 
Chicago  Industrial  School  for  Girls.  (Catholic.) — A  home  for  girls  from  4  to 
18  years  of  age.  Cor.  Indiana  ave.  and  49lh  st.  Chicago  Nursery  and  Half- 
Orphan  Asylum. — Pay  and  free.  175  Burling  st.  and  855  N.  Halsted  st. 
Chicago  Orphan  Asylum. — 2228  Michigan  ave.  Children's  Aid  Society. — 
Receives  suitable  homeless  and  destitute  children,  and  places  them  in  family 
homes.  Also  finds  homes  for  mothers  with  one  child.  Home  on  Indiana 
ave.,  near  31st  st.  Office,  room  44,  204  Dearborn  st.  Church  Home  for 
Aged  Persons.  (Episcopal.) — Ladies  only.  Terms,  $5.00  per  week,  or  life 
contract,  $300.  4327  Ellis  ave.  Cook  County  Insane  Asylum. — Telephone 
4334,  Dunning,  111.  Cook  County  Poor  House. — Telephone  4334,  Dunning, 
111.  Application  for  admission  should  be  made  at  the  office  of  the  County 
Agent,  128  S.  Clinton  st.  Danish  Lutheran  Orphan's  Home.— Free  (unless 
friends  are  able  to  pay).  69  Perry  ave.,  Maplewood.  Erring  Woman's 
Refuge. — For  the  reformation  of  fallen  women.  Free.  Telephone  10162, 
5024  Indiana  ave.  Foundling's  Home. — Free.  114  S.  Wood  st.  German 


162  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Old  People's  Home. — both  sexes.  Admission,  $300.  Harlem,  Cook  Co. 
Gurdian  Angel  Orphan  Asylum.  (German  Catholic.) — Havelock  P.  O.,  Cook 
Co.  Holy  Family  Orphan  Asylum.  (Catholic.) — Cor.  Holt  and  Division  sts. 
Home  for  Crippled  Children.  — 91  Heine  st.  West  North  avenue  cars  to 
Heine  st.  Home  for  the  Aged.  (Catholic.) — (Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor.)  Both 
sexes.  Free.  29  and  31  E.  25th  st. ;  W.  Harrison,  cor.  Throop,  and  Sheffield 
ave.,  cor.  Fullerton  ave.  Home  fdr  Convalescents. — Convalescents  are 
boarded  out  in  families  at  the  rate  of  $5.00  per  week.  Address  Dr.  Dela-. 
field,  4333  Ellis  ave.  Home  for  the  Friendless. — Temporary  home  for  women 
and  children.  Homeless  and  abandoned  children  are  placed  in  permanent 
homes.  Telephone  8194.  1926  Wabash  ave.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid 
Society  owns  certain  rights  in  this  institution.  Home  for  Incurables — Both 
sexes.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  10074;  Ellis  ave.,  cor.  56th  st.  Home  for 
Self-supporting  Women. — All  the  inmates  are  required  to  pay.  Tele- 
phone 3710.  275  Indiana  st.  Home  for  Unemployed  Girls.  (Catholic.) — 
House  of  the  Good  Shepherd.  Market  st.,  cor.  of  Elm.  Home  of  Indus- 
stry. — Discharged  male  prisoners.  234  Honore  st.  House  of  the  Good 
Shepherd.  (Catholic.) — Reformatory  institution  for  young  girls.  N.  Market 
st.,  cor.  Hill.  House  of  Providence.  (Catholic.) — (Mercy  Hospital.)  For 
unemployed  girls.  Calumet  ave.,  cor.  26th  st.  Illinois  Industrial  School  for 
Girls. — Reformatory  institution  for  young  girls.  South  Evanston,  III.  Illi- 
nois Industrial  Training  School  for  603  s.  Free.  Glenwood  Paik,  111. 
Illinois  Misonic  Orphan's  Home. — 447  Carroll  ave.  IllinoisSoldiers'  Orphans' 
Home. — Government  institution.  Free.  Normal,  111.  Illinois  Women's 
Soldiers'  Home. — 1408  Wabash  ave.  Martha  Washington  Home. — For  ine- 
briate women.  Telephone  12181.  Graceland  ave.,  cor.  Western  ave.  News- 
boys' and  Bootblacks'  Home.  Pay  and  free.  1418  Wabash  ave.  Old 
People's  Home. — Ladies  only.  Admission,  $300  and  furniture  for  one  room. 
Indiana  ave.,  cor.  of  39th  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns 
twenty-five  rooms  in  this  institution,  for  which  application  maybe  made  at 
its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.  Servile  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls. 
(Catholic.)— 1396  W.  VanBurenst.  Soldiers'  Home.— The  Home  is  abolished, 
but  the  money  is  distributed,  by  members  of  its  Board,  to  old  soldiers  or 
their  families,  at  the  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st. 
St.  Joseph's  Asylum  for  Boys.  (Catholic.) — Crawford  ave.,  bet.  W,  Diversey 
and  W.  Belmont.  St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Friendless.  (Catholic.) — An 
industrial  school  and  home  for  girls,  and  school  for  the  deaf.  409  8.  May  st. 
St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum.  Catholic.) — Both  sexes.  35th  st.,  cor.  Lake 
ave.  St.  Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys.  (Catholic.) —Free.  Feehanville, 
Cook  Co.,  111.  St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum  and  Maternity  Hospital.  (Cath- 
olic.)—191  La  Salle  ave.  Telephone  3282  Swedish  Home  of  Mercy. — Men 
and  Women.  Free.  Bowmanville,  111.  The  Bethany  Home  of  the  Swedish 
M.  E.  Church  for  Aged  Women. — Sheridan  road  and  Ilinn  ave.  Uhlich  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum.  (German.) — 221  Burling  st.,  cor.  Center. 
Waifs'  Mission. — Home  and  School  for  Boys.  Pay  and  free.  44  State  st. 
Washingtonian  Home.— Men  only.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  7028.  566 
"W.  Madison  st.  Western  Seaman's  Friend  Society. — Sailors.  Pay  and  free. 
32  N.  Desplaines  st.  Working  Boys'  Home  and  Mission  of  our  Lady  of 
Mercy. — Pay  and  free.  361  W.  Jackson  st.  Young  Women's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation. Good  board  and  wholesome  surroundings  at  a  very  low  rate,  for 
skilled  workingwomen.  288  Michigan  ave.  Young  Women's  Christian 
Association. — Home  for  Transients.  Nominal  price  or  free.  362  W.  Jack- 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  163 

son  st.     An  agent  is  also  sent  to  meet  incoming  trains.     Employment  office 
and  dispensary,  240  W abash  ave. 

FREE  DISPENSARIES. — Armour  Mission  Dispensary,  Cor.  of  33d  st.  and 
Armour  av.  Bethesda  Mission  Dispensary,  406  Clark  st.  Chicago  Polyclinic 
Dispensary,  176  E.  Chicago  av.  Free  Dispensary  for  the  Poor.  Telephone 
8343,  2625  Dearborn  st.  Medical  Mission  Dispensary,  2242  Wentworth  av. 
W.  S.  W.  C.  T.  U.  Dispensary,  Hours  from  2  to  4  P.M.,  870  W.  Madison  st. 
In  addition  to  the  above,  dispensaries  will  be  found  in  connection  with  every 
Hospital  and  Medical  College. 

FREE  EMPLOYMENT  BUREAUS. — Children's  Aid  Society. — For  boys', 
Room  44,  204  Dearborn  st.  German  Society. — For  men,  49  La  Salle  st. 
Provident  Laundry  of  the  Home  for  Self-Supporting  Women. — Instructs  laun- 
dresses and  gives  employ!)  ent  to  needy  women.  Telephone  3710.  275  E. 
Indiana  st.  The  Helping  Hand. — For  men,  N.  E.  cor.  Washington  boul. 
and  Clinton  st.  Waifs' Mission. — For  boys,  44  State  st.  Wood  Yard  of  the 
Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society.— For  men.  Telephone  3415.  395  N.  Clark 
st.  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. — For  men  and  boys.  Telephone  359, 
148  Madison  st.  Young  Women's  Christian  Asso.  Employment  found  for  gover- 
nesses, book-keepers,  office  clerks,  seamstresses,  etc.,  room  61,  243Wabashav. 

DAT  NURSERIES  AND  CRECHES. — Bethesda  Mission  Creche,  406  S.  Clark 
st.  Hull  House  Creche,  221  Ewing  st.  Margaret  Etter  Creche,  2356  Wabash 
av.  Talcot  Day  Nursery  No.  1,  169  W.  Adams  st.  Talcott  Day  Nursery 
No  2,  581  Austin  av.  Unity  Church  Creche,  80  Elm  st. 

FREE  NURSES  AND  TRAINING  SCHOOLS  FOR  NURSES. — Bethesda  Deaconess 
Institution  (German) — Free  nurses  for  the  poor  may  be  obtained,  30  and  32 
Belden  pi.  Chicago  Deaconess'  Home. — Free  nurses  for  the  poor  may  be 
obtained,  221  E.  Ohiost.  Chicago  Training  School. — Free,  114  Dearborn  ave. 
Clara  Barton  Training  School  for  Nurses. — All  pay,  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave. 
Illinois-Training  School  for  Nurses. — In  connection  with  Cook  County  Hos- 
pital, telephone  7155,  304  Honore  St.,  near  W.  Harrison  st.  Michael  Reese 
Hospital  Training  School. — Twenty-ninth  st.,  cor.  of  Groveland  ave.  Nor- 
wegian Deaconess' Home. — Free  nurses  maybe  obtained,  190  Humboldt  st. 
Poor  Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ  (Catholic). — Day  nurses,  pay  and  free,  212 
Hudson  ave.  and  52  Newberry  ave.  Provident  Hospit&l  Training  School 
(colored). — Dearborn  st.,  cor.  of  29tb.  Sisters  of  Mary  (Episcopal). — Visit 
among  the  sick,  215  Washington  blvd.  St.  Luke's  Hospital  Training  School. — 
1420  Wabash  ave.  Training  School  of  the  Hospital  for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren.— W.  Adams  st.,  cor.  of  Paulina.  Visiting  Nurse  Association. — Free 
nurses  may  be  obtained  for  poor  people;  North  Side,  telephone  3002,  North- 
west Side,  telephone  4518;  South  Side,  telephone  8166;  West  Side,  telephone 
7134;  office,  59  Dearborn  st.  Woman's  Hospital  Training  School. — 32d  st., 
nw.  cor.  Rhodes  ave. 

HOSPITALS. — Alexian  -Brothers  Hospital.  (Catholic).  Men  and  boys. 
All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  3467.  539  N. 
Market  st.  The-  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  eighteen  beds  in 
this  Hospital,  for  which  application  may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53 
LaSalle  st.  Augustana  Hospital.  (Swedish).  Both  sexes  and  all  ages. 
All  diseases  except  contagious^  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  3022.  151 
Lincoln  ave.  Baptist  Hospital.  Pay  and  free.  541  N.  Halsted  st.  Bennett 
Hospital.  Both  sexes.  All  pay  patients.  Telephone  7091.  Ada  St.,  cor. 


164  GUIDE   TO   CHCAGO. 

Fulton.  Chicaga  Emergency  Hospital.  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  dis- 
eases except  contagious.  Surgery  a  specialty.  Pay  and  free.  191  Superior 
st.  Chicago  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases 
except  contagious.  All  pay  patients.  Telephone  7291.  S.  Wood  st.,  cor.  York. 
Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children.  All  diseases  except  contagious. 
Pay  and  free.  Telephone  7071.  W.  Adams  st.,  cor.  Paulina.  The  Chicago 
Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  twenty  five  beds  in  this  Hospital,  for  which 
application  may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  LaSalle  st.  Chicago  Charity 
Hospital.  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  All 
patients  free.  59  Plymouth  Place  (3d  ave).  Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 
Free.  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays,  from  2  to  4  o'clock.  2813  Groveland  ave. 
Chicago  Maternity  Home.  (Lying  in  Hospital.)  All  pay  patients.  Tele- 
phone 3627.  1619  Diversey  st.  Chicago  Polyclinic  Hospital.  •  All  pay 
patients.  Telephone  3586.  176  E.  Chicago  ave.  Cook  County  Hospital. 
All  ages  and  both  sexes.  All  diseases.  Free.  Telephone  7133.  W.Harrison 
St.,  cor.  Wood.  German  Hospital.  Both  sexes  and  ullages.  All  diseases 
except  contagious.  Half  its  beds  free.  Telephone  3376.  754  Larrabee  st. 
Hahnemann  Hospital.  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  conta- 
gious. Pay  and  free.  Telephone  8104.  2811  Groveland  ave.  The  Chicago 
Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  fifteen  beds  in  this  Hospital,  for  which  applica- 
tion may  be  made  at  Its  office,  51  and  53  LaSalle  st.  Illinois  Chaiiiable  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary.  State  Institution.  Boarding  and  dispensary  patients. 
All  free.  Telephone  4048.  227  W.  Adams  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid 
Society  owns  rooms  for  twenty  patients  in  this  Institution,  for  which  applica- 
tion may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  LaSalle  st.  Lake  Side  Hospital. 
Surgery  a  specialty.  All  pay  patients.  Telephone  10221.  Marine  Hospital. 
Sailors.  Government  Institution.  Special  provision  for  contagious  diseases. 
Free.  Telephone  12107.  N.  Halsted  st. ,  near  Graceland  ave.  Maurice  Porter 
Memorial  FreeHospitai  for  Children.  606  Fullerton  ave.  Mercy  Hospital. (Catho- 
olic.)  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free. 
Telephone  8267.  Calumetave. ,  cor.  26th  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid"Society 
ownsforty  beds  in  this  hospital,  for  which  application  may  be  made  atits  office, 
51  and  53  LaSalle  st.  Michael  Reese  Hospital.  (Jewish.)  All  ages  and  both 
sexes.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  8212.  29th  st.,  cor.  Groveland  ave.  Na- 
tional Temperance  Hospital.  All  ages  and  both  sexes.  All  pay  patients. 
Telephone  8341.  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave.  Presbyterian  Hospital.  Both 
sexes.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  A  convalescent  De- 
partment is  attached  to  this  Hospital.  Telephone  7189.  W.  Congress  st., 
cor.  S.  Wood.  Provident  Hospital.  (Colored.)  Pay  and  free.  S.  W.  cor. 
29th  and  Dearborn  sts.  St.  Joseph  Hospital.  (Catholic.)  Both  sexes  and  all 
ages.  All  diseaces  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  3543.  360 
Garfield  ave. ,  cor.  Burling  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns 
thirty  beds  in  this  Hospital,  for  which  application  may  be  made  at  its  office, 
51  and  53  LaSalle  st.  St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital.  (Episcopal.)  Both  sexes 
and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone 
8438.  1420  Indiana  ave.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  twenty- 
eight  beds  in  this  Hospital,  for  which  application  may  be  made  at  its  office, 
51  and  53  LaSalle  st.)  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital.  (Catholic.)  Both  sexes  and 
all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  7329. 
Davis  st.,  cor.  Thompson.  West  North  Avenue  cars  to  Davis  st.  Wesley 
Hospital.  (Methodist.)  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  conta- 
gious. Pay  and  free.  Telephone  2415.  355  Ohio  st.  Woman's  Hospital  of 


w  P 

< 

72   »£ 

^>       O 

:   H   *"* 

O    p<    n 

s  °  - 

"Ow 
~    O    3 


re 
?•    0 

0    I 

Si 

C/)     3 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  165 

Chicago.     Women  only.    Pay  and  free.      Telephone  8353.     32d  St.,  cor. 
Rhodes  ave. 

MISSIONS  AND  MISCELLANEOUS. — ANCHOKAGE  MISSION. — A  temporary 
home  for  friendless  girls,  including  fallen  women  and  discharged  female 
prisoners.  125  Plymouth  pi.  (Third  ave.)  ARMOUR  MISSION  INDUSTRIAL 
SCHOOL. — For  boys  and  girls.  (See  list  of  Creches  and  Kindergartens.)  Tele- 
phone 8390.  Cor.  33d  st.  and  Armour  ave.  BETHESDA  MISSION. — Cheap  lodg- 
ing house  for  men.  (See  also  list  of  Creches  and  Kindergartens.)  406  S.  Clark. 
BUREAU  OP  JUSTICE. — Legal  protection  against  injustice  for  those  who  are  una- 
ble to  protect  themselves.  154  Lake  st.  CHICAGO  EXCHANGE  FOR  WOMAN'S 
WORK — Work  of  indigent  women  sold  at  a  commission  of  10  per  cent.  Tele- 
phone 2912.  209  Wabash  ave.  CITIZEN'S  LEAGUE  OF  CHICAGO. — Prosecutes 
sellers  of  liquor  to  minors.  Telephone  1437.  Rooms  31  and  32, 116  La  Salle  st. 
G.  A.  R.  CENTRAL  RELIEF  COMMITTEE. — G.  A.  Soldiers,  453  S.  Canal  st. 
ILLINOIS  WOMAN'S  ALLIANCE. — First  Friday  of  every  month.  Parlor  O, 
Palmer  House.  IMMEDIATE  AID  MISSION  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DAY  SCHOOL. — 
2917  S.  Clark  st.  LAKE  GENEVA  FRESH  AIR  ASSOCIATION. — President,  E.  E. 
Ayer,  481  N.  Stalest.  LINCOLN  PARK  SANITARIUM. — Address  Miss  Harriet  M. 
Dewey,  Daily  News.  MINNETONKA  WORKING  WOMEN'S  HOME. — A  cheap  board- 
ing house  for  women,  21  S.  Peoria  st.  PROTECTIVE  AGENCY  FORWOMEN  AND 
CHILDREN — Protection  and  defence  of  the  rights  of  women  and  children 
against  wrongs  of  any  nature.  Telephone  1782.  828  Opera  House  Bldg. 
THE  MUTUAL  MEDICAL  AID  ASSOCIATION. — By  pa>ing  $10  per  year,  medical 
aid  will  be  furnished.  Telephone  2519.  Room  317,  Northern  Office  Bldg., 
sw.  cor.  La  Salle  and  Lake  sts.  THE  UNION  TRAINING  SCHOOL. — Industrial 
school  for  boys  and  girls.  Meets  every  Saturday  morning.  1086  W.  Lake 
st.  UNITY  CHURCH  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. — (See  list  of  Creches 
and  Kindergartens.  80  Elm  st.  WESTERN  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  SUPPRESSION  OF 
VICE. — For  the  suppression  of  obscene  literature,  etc.  Address  H.  D.  Pen- 
field,  148  La  Salle  st. 

SOCIETIES. — CHICAGO  RELIEF  AND  AID  SOCIETY. — Non-sectarian.  Give 
temporary  aid  to  the  better  class  of  poor.  Also  owns  two  hundred  and  four 
teen  beds  in  private  hospitals,  twenty-five  rooms  in  the  Old  People's  Home, 
and  certain  rights  in  the  various  Orphan  Asylums,  Newsboys'  Home,  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  Home  for  the  Friendless,  Foundling's  Home,  etc.,  etc. 
Gives  temporary  employment  to  men  at  its  wood  yard,  through  which  per- 
manent work  is  often  found  for  them.  Telephone  773.  Office,  51  and  53 
La  Salle  st.  DANISH  RELIEF  SOCIETY. — President,  Fritz  Frantzen,  296  Mil- 
waukee ave.  GERMAN  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  PROTECTION  OF  IMMIGRANTS  AND 
THE  FRIENDLESS. — Gives  aid  in  cash  and  otherwise.  Also  finds  work  for 
immigrants.  49  La  Salle  st.  HYDE  PARK  RELIEF  SOCIETY. — President, 
Mrs.  George  Driggs.  5361  Cornell  ave.  ILLINOIS  HUMANE  SOCIETY. — For 
the  prosecution  of  persons  guilty  of  cruelty  to  persons  or  animals.  Telephone 
65,  room  43,  Auditorium  Bldg.  LUXEMBOURG  SOCIETY.  For  Luxembourg- 
ers  only.  49  La  Salle  st.  NORWEGIAN  SOCIETY. — Temporary  aid  to  Norwe- 
gians. First  and  third  Monday  in  every  month.  President,  John  Blegen. 
164  Randolph  st.  RUSSIAN  REFUGEE  CHARITY  ASSOCIATION.  —  General  relief 
to  Hebrew  Russian  Refugees.  567  S.  Halsttd  st.  SCANDINAVIAN  BETHANY 
AID  SOCIETY.  Second  Monday  of  each  month.  Secretary,  Adolf  Monsen,  244 
W.  Erie  st.  330  W.  Indiana  st.  ST.  ANDREWS'  SOCIETY. — Temporary  aid  to 
Scots.  First  Thursday  in  February.  May,  August,  and  November.  Secretary, 


166  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

James  Duncan,  Sherman  House.  ST.  GEORGE'S  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETY. — 
Temporary  aid  to  stranded  Euglishmen.  First  Monday  of  each  month,  at  St. 
George's  Hall,  182  Madison.  President,  Alexander  Cook;  secretary,  W.  C.  Hill. 
SVEA  SOCIETY. — For  Swedes  only.  First  aud  third  Thursdaysineach  month. 
Chicago  ave. ,  ne.  cor.  Larrabee  st.  Swiss  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETY. — For  Swiss 
only.  Second  Monday  of  each  month,  at  8  P.  M.  Uhlich's  Hall,  Clark  St., 
sw.  cor.  Kinzie.  ST.  VINCENT  DE  PAUL  SOCIETY. — A  branch  of  this  Society 
is  found  in  nearly  every  Catholic  church,  for  the  relief  of  its  poor.  THK 
HELPING  HAND. — Lodging  House  for  men.  They  pay  by  sweeping  street*,  or 
doing  other  work;  ne.  cor.  Washington  blvd.  and  Clinton  st.  UNITED 
HEBREW  RELIEF  ASSOCIATION. — Aid  given  in  cash,  and  permits  to  the  Jew- 
ish Hospital  and  Jewish  Orphan  Asylum.  Room  50, 181  La  Salle  st.  VISITA- 
TION AND  AID  SOCIETY.— (Catholic.)  Visit  and  investigate  among  the  poor. 
The  aid  given  is  mostly  spiritual.  Room  5,  124  Dearborn  st. 

American  Educational  and  Aid  Association. — V.  B.  Van  Arsdale,  super- 
intendent, explains  the  character  and  scope  of  the  organization  as  follows  : 
"  We  have  1,000  local  advisory  boards  composed  of  representative  citizens  in 
as  many  towns  and  communities,  whom  we  have  made  known  to  their  coun- 
ties and  committees  through  the  local  notices  by  the  press,  and  through 
notices  read  from  the  pulpits,  as  well  as  by  our  printed  matter.  A  homeless 
and  needful  child,  as  soon  as  it  is  known,  is  reported  lo  some  of  this  local 
board,  which  reports  the  same  to  me  as  general  superintendent.  In  the  city 
of  Chicago  we  have  local  boards  in  the  various  churches,  as  the  result  of  res- 
olutions passed  in  their  ministerial  associations.  Besides  these  local  advisory 
boards  we  have  the  co-operation  of  the  members  and  friends  of  our  associa- 
tion and  the  various  institutions  where  homeless  children  are  sent.  We  send 
these  children  who  come  to  oui;  care  to  the  temporary  Homes  at  Englewood 
and  Aurora.  Our  work  is  sustained  by  voluntary  contributions.  The  total 
expense  of  every  kind  for  the  rescue  of  these  children  and  placing  them  in 
families,  where  a  large  per  cent,  of  them  become  worthy  citizens,  is  less  than 
$50  per  child." 

The  American  Educational  Aid  Association  has  become  familiarly  known 
as  the  Children's  Home  Society  of  Chicago,  and  the  following  lines  have 
been  adopted  as  its  popular  symbol  and  motto  : 

Give  thy  mite,  give  golden  treasure, 

Freely  as  to  child  thine  own  ; 
Give  thy  heart  in  loving'  measure: 
HPI~  o  ~hiui  ^o  find  a  home. 

The  following  names  appear  in  the  list  of  patronesses  :  Mrs.  John  Wood- 
bridge,  Mrs.  P.  E.  Studebaker,  Mrs.  H.  N.  May,  Mrs.  N.  R.  Cliittenden,  Mrs. 
Francis  Lackner,  Mrs.  Benton  J.  Hall,  Mrs.  William  Dunn,  Mrs.  J.  D.  Gillett, 
Rev.  Florence  E.  Kollock,  Mrs.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs.  John  M.  Palmer, 
Mrs.  E.  F.  Lawrence,  Mrs.  A.  P.  Miller,  Mrs.  G.  AV.  Mathews,  Mrs.  A.  C. 
Mather,  Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr. ;  Mrs.  M\*ra  Bradwell. 

Following  are  the  officers:  John  Woodbridge,  president;  Thomas  Gait, 
recording  secretary;  Edward  F.  Lawrence,  treasurer.  Directors:  R.  D.  Scott, 
F.  J.  Walton,  N.  H.  Axtel,  J.  W.  Conly,  E.  C.  Moderwell,  J.  W.  Allen, 
Henry  Augustine,  F.  M.  Gregg,  William  T.  Baker,  Ferd  W.  Peck.  E.  F. 
Lawrence,  E.  B.  Butler,  Francis  Lackner,  S.  A.  Maxwell,  William  H.  Litch- 
field,  W.  L.  Tamblyn,  A.  H.  Wheeler,  Judge  M.  F.Tuley,  Joseph  Badenoch, 
J.  C.  Armstrong,  A.  K.  Perry,  E.  P.  Savage,  George  K.  Hoover,  Fred  H. 


THE   ENOYCLOPLDIA.  167 

Wines,  D.  F.  Carnahan,  Judge  J.  P.  Altgeld,  M.  W.  Haynes,  F.  B.  Tobey, 
J.  8.  Jenckes,  R.  W.  McClaughry,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Flower,  Dr.  Winnie  M. 
Cowan,  Dr.  C.  Northop. 

This  society  has  placed  1,800  children  in  good  homes  during*  the  last 
nine  years.  One  child,  on  an  average,  is  now  placed  every  day.  Location  of 
office,  230  LaSalle  st. 

Armour  Mission. — Located  at  Butterfleld  and  Thirty-third  streets,  take 
State  street  cable  line.  Directors — Philip  D.  Armour,  J.  O.  Armour,  William 
J.  Campbell,  John  C.  Black,  P.  D.  Armour,  Jr.,  Edwin  Barritt  Smith;  Rev. 
Howard  H.  Russell,  pastor;  established  in  November,  1886.  This  magnificent 
charity  owes  its  origin  to  a  provision  in  the  will  of  the  late  Joseph  F.  Armour, 
bequeathing  f  100, 000  for  the  founding  of  such  an  institution.  He  directed 
that  the  carrying  out  of  his  benevolent  design  should  be  chiefly  intrusted  to  his 
brother,  Mr.  Philip  D.  Armour,  who,  accepting  the  trust  so  imposed,  has  given 
to  it  the  same  energetic  and  critical  attention  that  he  has  given  to  his  private 
affairs.  He  has  greatly  enlarged  upon  the  original  design  and  in  consequence 
has  added  enough  from  his  own  resources  to  his  brother's  bequest  of  $100,000 
to  make  the  present  investment  about  $1,000,000.  Armour  Mission  is  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  Illinois.  In  addition  to  the  Mission  building 
proper,  the  Armour  Mission  corporation  owns  the  Armour  Mission  Flats,  con- 
sisting of  194  separate  flats.  The  entire  revenue  derived  from  the  rental  of 
these  flats  is  used  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Mission  and  its  departments.  The 
corporation  also  owns  adjoining  ground  upon  which  Mr.  Armour  has  recently 
erected  a  manual  training  school,  not  yet  ready  foroccupancy.  The  Missionis 
abroad  and  wholly  non  sectarian  institution.  It  is  free  and  open  toall,tothe 
full  extent  of  its  capacity,  without  any  condition  as  to  race,  creed  or  other- 
wise. Mr.  Armour  believes  that  children  develop  into  manhood  and  woman- 
hood according  to  their  early  training  and  surroundings,  and  that  much  can 
be  done  for  the  advancement  of  mankind  by  lending  a  helping  hand  to  chil- 
dren and  youth.  His  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  young  has  found 
expression  in  the  Mission  and  no  money  he  has  ever  expended  has  yielded 
him  more  genuine  satisfaction  and  pleasure  than  the  large  sum  he  has  here 
invested  and  set  apart  to  be  forever  used  for  the  moral,  intellectual  and  phys- 
ical advancement  of  the  young.  The  Mission  building  proper  is  located  at 
the  corner  of  Armour  avenue  and  Thirty-third  street  and  is  constructed  in  the 
most  solid  and  substantial  manner,  the  material  used  being  pressed  brick  and 
brown  stone.  The  woodwork  throughout  is  of  polished  oak  and  the  furnish- 
ings are  complete  and  in  entire  harmony  with  the  solid  character  of  the  build- 
ing. The  first  floor  consists  of  a  large  room  fitted  up  to  receive  the  Creche  or 
clay  nursery,  the  kitchen,  day  room,  kindergarten  room,  reading  room,  vault, 
closets,  bath  rooms,  coal  and  furnace  cellar,  and  the  four  dispensary  rooms. 
The  second  floor  consists  of  the  main  audience  room,  eight  class  rooms, 
adjoining  pastor's  study,  officers'  room,  library,  spacious  halls,  and, two  large 
hide  rooms  to  be  used  for  Sunday-school  purposes  or  for  small  meetings.  The 
third  floor  contains  a  very  large  and  handsomely-fitted-up  lecture  room.  The 
main  audience  room  will  accommodate  about  1,300  persons.  The  building 
when  taxed  to  its  full  capacity  will  accommodate  a  Sunday-school  of  about 
2,500  persons.  The  audience  room  is  provided  with  a  large  pipe- 
organ.  With  its  colored  glass  windows,  its  tasteful  frescoing  and 
symmetrical  form,  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  rooms  of  its  class.  The 
seats  bring  the  audience  near  to  the  speaker  and  the  acoustic  properties  are  of 


168  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

the  best.  One  of  the  best  features  of  this  room  is  the  arrangement  by  which  It 
can  be  made  into  a  small  or  large  room,  as  maybe  required.  The  kindergar- 
ten and  the  free  medical  dispensary  departments  are  worthy  of  the  special 
attention  o^  the  Visitor .  The  kindergarten  will  accommodate  about  170  little 
pupils  comfortably  and  is  open  to  children  under  the  age  of  seven  years. 
Upon  the  completion  of  Ihe  training  school  the  kindergarten  will  be 
removed  to  that  building.  It  has  the  care  of  200  pupils.  Visitors  are 
greatly  pleased  with  its  work  and  with  the  bright  faces  and  cleanly  appear- 
ance of  the  little  ones.  The  free  dispensary  of  the  mission  is  in  charge  of 
Dr.  Swartz,  a  skillful  physician  and  surgeon,  who  is  provided  with  all  neces- 
sary assistants.  Treatment  and  advice  are  given  and  prescriptions  filled 
without  charge ;  but  it  is  intended  that  none  shall  receive  either  unless  unable 
to  pay  for  them.  An  average  of  about  forty  patients  a  day  are  treated  at  the 
dispensary  and  a  much  larger  number  provided  with  drugs  and  medicines 
entirely  free  of  charge.  The  Sunday-school  has  always  been  of  special 
interest  to  the  many  who  visit  the  mission.  The  school  numbers  about 
2,200  enrolled  members.  The  average  attendance  for  last  year  was  about 
1,600.  In  1«90  it  was  1,400.  In  1889  the  average  was  1,252.  There  are  now 
thirty  officers  and  113  teachers.  The  Armour  Mission  flats  (194  in-number) 
are  located  at  the  intersection  of  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth  and  Dearborn 
Btfeeta  and  Armour  avenue,  occupying  both  sides  of  Armour  avenue  and  the 
west  side  of  Dearborn  street  entirely,  between  Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fourth 
streets,  and  the  north  side  of  Thirty-fourth  and  a  portion  of  the  south  side  of 
Thirty-third,  between  Dearborn  street  and  Armour  avenue.  It  is  a  most 
desirable  location,  being  convenient  to  down-town  and  cross-town  street  car 
lines  and  to  regular  railroad  suburban  passenger  service.  The  buildings  are 
models  of  modern  architectural  skill,  both  in  exterior  appearance  and  in 
interior  arrangement  and  finish.  The  flats  rent  from  $17.50  to  $35  per  month 
each,  which  includes  water  rent,  day  janitor  service,  night  watchman  ser- 
vice, hall  lights  and  the  care  of  halls  and  grounds. 

Following  are  the  usual  weekly  "  announcements:  "  SUNDAY — Morning 
worship  for  children  and  families,  11  A.  M.  Evening,  Gospel  meeting  at  tt 
o'clock.  Sunday  school  at  3  P.  M.  Young  people's  meeting  at  7  P.  M.  MON- 
DAY— Temperance  meeting  at  8  P.  M.  on  the  first  Monday  of  each  month. 
WEDNESDAY — Children's  Choral  Class  from  4  to  4:30  p.  M.  FRIDAY — Service 
•  for  Praise  and  Bible  Study,  at  8  P.  M.  SATURDAY — Industrial  School:  Boys, 
10  to  12  A.  M.  ;  Girls,  2  to  4  P.  M.  The  Armour  Mission  Boys'  Batallion  is  an 
organization  of  four  companies  of  boys,  numbering  175,  for  military  drill  and 
personal  improvement.  The  boys  are  pledged  against  the  use  of  tobacco, 
intoxicating  liquor  and  vulgar  and  profane  language.  This  line  of  work  for 
the  boyslis  a  great  success.  The  drills  of  the  Batallion  are  conducted  by  Col. 
W.  C.  Johnson,  on  Monday,  Tuesday,  Thursday  and  Friday  evenings  of  each 
week,  at  7:45.  NOTES. — The  Kindergarten  is  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  12  M.  on 
every  week  day  except  Saturday.  One  hundred  boys  and  girls  from  four  to 
seven  years  of  age  are  accommodated.  The  Dispensary  is  open  daily  except 
Sunday,  from  9  A.  M.  to  11  A.  M.  It  is  free  to  all  who  are  unable  to  pay  for 
medicine  or  medical  attendance,  or  both.  The  Visitor  is  published  monthly, 
for  gratuitous  distribution  in  the  Sunday-school. 

Bureau  of  Justice. — An  organization,  first,  to  assist  in  securing  legal 
protection  against  injustice  for  those  who  are  unable  to  protect  themselves. 
Second,  to  take  cognizance  of  the  workings  of  existing  laws  and  methods  of 
procedure,  and  to  suggest  improvements,  Third,  to  propose  new  and  better 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  169 

laws,  and  to  make  efforts  toward  securing  their  enactment.     Office  rooms, 
6  and  7  Marine  building,  154  Lake  street.    Officers:  Chas.  H.  Ham,  president; 
J.  C.  Stirling,  vice-president  and  treasurer;  Edw.  C.  Wentworth,  secretary. 
Board  of  directors,  Chas.  ,H.  Ham,  J.  C.  Stirling,  Edw.  C.  Wentworth,  W. 
H.  Winslow,  H.  B.  Cragin,  Chas.  E.  Kremer,  C.  li.  Corbin,  Chas.  E.   Rand, 
A.  L.    Singer.  Wm.  M.  Sailer,  Wm.  R.   Manierre  and  Joseph  W.  Errant. 
Board  of  counselors,  Lyman  J.  Gage,  Henry  D.  Lloyd,  Chas.  L.  Hutchinson, 
C.  C.  Bonney,  E.  Of.  Keith,  V.  F.  Lawson,  Herman  Raster,  E.  T.  Jeffrey, 
Dr.  E.  G.  Hirsch,  Martin  J.  Russell,  Louis  Nettlehorst,  S.  D.  Kimbark,  John 
J.  P.   Odell,  Franklin  H.  Head,  Berthold  Loewenthal,  O.  B.  Green,  A.  C. 
Bartlett,  Gen.  M.  M.  Trumbull,  Wilbur  S.  Henderson,  Rev.  J.  L.  Withrow, 
George    Schneider,    Jos.    Beifciu    and    Franklin    MacVeagh.       Executive 
committee:  Chas.  H.  Ham,  Edw.  C.  Wentworth,  Chas.  E.  Kremer,  H.  B. 
Cragin,   J.    C.    Stirling.     Agent  and  attorney,   Joseph    W.  Errant.     A.  P. 
Williams,  as-sistant  attorney.     The  last  reports  of  the  attorney  and  agent 
shows  that  there  were  3,783  matters  attended  to  during  1890-91,  as  against 
2,497  for  1889-90  and  1,1(54  during  1888-89,  which  is  indicative  of  the  growth 
from  year  to  year  in  the  work  of  the  bureau.     The  matters  attended  to  afford 
an  interesting  illustratiog  of  the  work  peformed.     In  detail  there  are  as 
follows:    Chattel  mortgage  matters,  186;  wrongful  taking  and  detention  of 
personal  property,  104;  different  questions  arising  out  of  relation  of  landlord 
and  tenant,   180;   cases  in  which  exemptions  were  threatened,  49;  cases 
involving  prosecution  for  cruel  treatment  or  assault,  22;  investigation  and 
prosecution  of  -crime,  23;  investigation  and  prosecution  of  fraud  and  impo- 
sition, 53;  persecutions  by  wrongful  suits  and  by  other  means,  22;  support  of 
parents,  10;  support  of  children,  33;  cases  of  support  for  wives,  and  different 
complaints  of  wives  as  to  husbands,  222;  cases  involving  prosecution  for 
violation  of  local  ordinances,  9;  wrongs  to  women  and  girls,  22;  different 
questions  arising  out  of  relation  of  employer  and  employe,  755;  questions  in 
relation  to  real  property,  44;  wages  claims  under  lien  law,  47;  other  wages 
claims,  717;  miscellaneous  matters  requiring  active  woik  of  every  variety, 
167;  miscellaneous  matters  calling  for  advice  of  every  kind,  1,118.     Total, 
3,783.     The  claims  for  wages  during  the  year  amounted  to  $7,778.75.     Other 
money  claims,  $2,879.70,  making  a  total  of  $10,658.45.     During  the  three 
years  of  its  existence  the  bureau  has  collected  $20,000  in  wages,  besides 
thousands  in  other  claims.     This  money  has  been  placed  in  the  bauds  of  those 
who  had  earned  it.     During  the  last  year  the  number  of  suits  prosecuted  was 
357;  the  number  of  suits  defended,  18.     Three  hundred  and  forty-two  of 
these  suits  were  successfully  prosecuted  or  defended.     The  bureau  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  prevention  of  injustice  to  the  poor  and  friendless  in  the 
matter  of  chattel  mortgage!,  from  sales,  assaults  on  the  person  and  other 
crimes,  and  does  a  large  amount  of  good  work  in  the  bringing  about  of  neces- 
sary reforms  in  the  law.     The  report  of  the  treasurer  for  the  last  year  shows 
the  receipts  to  have  been  $5,337.78  and  the  expenditures  $5,371.39.     The 
bureau  is  supported  by  private  contributions.     The  association  is  composed  of 
many  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Chicago. 

Chicago  Daily  JNewi  Fresh  Air  Fund. — One  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
most  popular  charities  of  this  city  is  that  carried  on  every  summer  undtr  the 
auspices  of  the  Chicago  Daily  News  Fund.  A  summary  of  the  work  done  in 
1891  will  suffice  as  a  fair  example  of  the  administration  of  its  affairs  duiing 
xhe  years  of  its  existence.  There  was  contributed  during  the  season  of  that 


170  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

year  by  the  public  and  founders  of  the  charity  an  aggregate  of  $8,662.43.  Of 
tuisam-mntthe  sum  of  $1,333.85  was  expended  at  the  Lincoln  Park  Sanitarium 
in  the  care  of  the  26.660  infants,  children  and  adults  during  the  months  of  July, 
August  and  September.  The  per  diem  expanse  defrayed  fromthese  contribu- 
tions was  about  5  cents  for  each  individual.  On  account  of  the  Country  Week 
there  was  expended  from  the  same  contributions  a  total  of  $2,849.20,  for  which 
sum  ample  provision  was  made  for  railroad  transportation  and  all  other  inci- 
dental and  necessary  expenses  of  a  fortnight  in  the  country  for  3,352  children 
and  mothers  were  defrayed.  The  average  duration  of  visit  from  each  individual 
was  a  fraction  over  fourteen  days,  and  the  average  cost  was  about  $1.00  for  each 
Country-Week  euest.  In  every  instance  the  visitors  were  greatly  benefited. 
As  theretofore  the  expenses  of  executive  management,  printing,  stationery, 
postage  and  sundries— the  total  amounting  to  $1.837.34— was  defrayed  by  the 
Chicago  Daily  News,  thus  leaving  the  gross  receipts  by  subscription  or  contri- 
bution" to  go  direct  for  the  actual  expenses  of  the  beneficiaries.  The  most  im- 
portant feature  of  the  Fresh  Air  Fund  of  1889  was  the  establishment 
of  a  permanent  sanitarium  for  infanta  and  children  at  Lincoln  Park. 
[Take  North  Clark  street  cable  line  to  central  entrance  of  Lincoln  Park, 
and  walk  eastwardly  to  the  lake.]  The  building  is  of  the  most  substantial 
character,  but  without  any  attempt  at  elaboration  or  ornament.  Its  archi 
tectural  effect  is  secured  by- simplicity  an<j  the  manifest  adaptation  of  every 
feature  to  its  intended  use.  The  whole  saueture  is  directly  over  the  water, 
being  erected  on  a  great  platform,  ninety  feet  wide,  projecting  into  the  lake 
over  two  hundred  feet,  and  supported  by  substantial  piles.  *  The  broad  roof 
with  overhanging  eaves  covers  a  floor  space  of  nearly  eighteen  thousand 
feet,  over  which  swing  hundreds  of  infants'  hammocks.  The  wide  verandas 
and  the  open-air  court  at  the  lake  extremity  furnish  accommodations 
for  the  mothers  and  older  children.  At  the  shore  end  are  grouped  the 
necessary  offices.  On  the  right  of  the  entrance  is  a  commodious  reception 
room,  from  which  the  guests  pass  to  the  doctor's  office  for  examination  and 
for  medical  attention  when  required.  Thence  the  guests  are  registered  in 
the  office  and  the  matron  gives  them  in  charge  of  trained  nurses  who  assign 
them  suitable  quarters,  provide  hammocks,  chairs,  etc.  The  matron's  room 
communicating  both  with  the  office  and  the  physician's  room,  is  a  large 
dormitory  for  the  care  of  critical  cases,  which  it  may  be  necessary  to  keep 
over  night.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  entrance  is  the  kitchen,  with  pantries 
and  storerooms,  and  beyond  is  a  range  of  bath-rooms,  closets,  etc.  The  west 
front  of  the  sanitarium  is  connected  with  the  park  by  a  broad  bridge,  with 
a  gentle  ascent  for  baby  carriages.  Beingin  close  proximity  to  the  zoological 
department  and  other  features  of  interest  in  the  park,  the  older  children  who, 
in  many  cases,  must  be  brought  with  the  baby,  will  find  enjoyment  and 
pastime  without -encroaching  .upon  the  sanitarium  proper.  Immediately 
south  of  the  sanitarium — with  which  it  is  connected  about  midway  by  a 
bridge — is  a  400  foot  pier  at  which  boats  may  land  with  guests  from  the 
central  part  of  the  city.  The  total  cost  of  the  building  and  equipment  of 
the  sanitarium  amounted  to  $12,375.79.  In  addition  to  the  $1,000  contrib- 
uted by  the  Daily  News  to  the  building  fund  there  was  a  balance  at  the  close 
of  the  season  of  $1,326.54  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  of  the  Fresh  Air 
Fund,  making  a  total  of  $2,326.54  to  be  applied  on  the  building  account. 
The  deficit  of  $10.049.25  was  advanced  as  a  temporary  loan  by  the  Daily 
News.  '  Of  this  $4,500  has  been  paid. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  171 

The  South  side  sanitarium  is  established  temporarily  every  summer,  for 
the  present,  at  the  foot  of  Twenty-second  st.  A  large  pavilion  tent, 54x84  feet, 
is  erected  here,  under  which  hammocks  for  babies  are  swung.  A  kindergarten 
is  also  established  here  for  the  older  children  which  the  mother  must  bring 
with  her. 

One  of  the  most  far-reaching,  as  it  is  also  one  of  the  simplest,  forms  of 
this  summer  charity  is  that  which  has  come  to  be  known  as  "  The  Country 
Week" — the  securing  of  country  homes  for  a  fortnight  ^r  so  for  the  city 
poor — especially  children.  During  the  last  season  ninety -two  parties,  aggregat- 
ing 1,003  persons,  were  sent  to  various  poiuts  in  Illinois,  Indiana,  Wisconsin 
aud  Michigan,  at  a  total  cost  of  $1,603.21;  being  an  average  expense  to  the 
fund  of  $1.59  8-10  for  each  guest  fora  two  weeks'  visit.  The  cost  of  railroad 
travel  was  greatly  reduced  by  special  rates  made  through  the  generosity  of 
the  companies,  which,  without  exception,  did  all  that  was  in  their  power  to 
further  the  success  of  the  country  week  excursions. 

Several  of  the  little  country  weekers  were  permanently  adopted  by  the 
families  who  entertained  them,  and  thus  the  Fresh  Air  Fund  found  a  new 
avenue  of  usefulness  in  securing  for  some  of  its  beneficiaries  happy,  health- 
ful homes.  Summer  visitors  to  Chicago  wUl  be  interested  in  witnessing  the 
workings  of  the  North  and  South  Side  sanitariums.  The  latter  may  be 
reached  speedily  by  the  Illinois  Central  suburban  trains,  taken  at  the  foot  of 
Randolph  or  Van  Buren  sts.  A  ride  of  a  few  minutes  will  carry  the  visitor 
to  the  foot  of  Twenty-second  st.  Contributions  to  the  Fnsli  Air  Fund  are 
received  at  the  office  of  The  Chicago  Daily  News,  123  Fifth  ave. 

Chicago  Free  Kindergarten  Association. — This  association  is  doing  a  mag- 
nificent work  in  Chicago.  Officers  for  1891 — President,  Mrs.  A.  P.  Kelly; 
first  vice-president,  Mrs.  P.  D.  Armour;  treasurer,  H.  M.  Sherwood;  secre- 
tary, the  Hon.  T.  C.  MacMillan;  corresponding  secretary,  Mrs.  L.  A. 
Hagans;  superintendent,  Misa  Eva  B.  Whitmore.  At  the  last  annual  meet- 
ing, held  in  January  of  this  year,  the  Board  of  Directors  made  the  following 
report:  We  find  from  the  superintendent's  report  that  the  work  has  been 
more  prosperous  than  in  former  years.  Seventeen  kindergartens  have  been 
under  our  supervision,  with  an  average  membership  for  the  year  of  1,058; 
average  attendance,  956;highestaverageattendanceforone  month, 1,349;  high- 
est average  membership,  1,299.  Two  thousand  three  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  different  children  have  been  enrolled  since  January,  1890.  The  cost  of 
material  was  $1,356.52.  This  includes  outfits  for  two  new  kindergartens 
established  during  the  year,  and  averages  about  59  cents  worth  of  material 
for  each  child  in  the  kindergartens.  Counting  teachers'  salaries,  fuel,  and  all 
other  expenses,  it  is  found  that  it  costs  a  trifle  over  $5  per  year  for  each  child. 
Sixty-nine  certificates  and  diplomas  have  been  given  to  young  ladies  during 
the  year.  Of  this  number  eleven  are  still  in  training,  two  have  married,  six 
are  at  home  resting  this  year,  and  the  remaining  number  are  in  active  work 
either  in  the  city  or  in  other  States.  At  present  there  are  seventy-five  ladies 
in  training.  This  number  added  to  seventeen  principals,  five  assistants,  and 
four  regular  instructors  makes  a  working  force  of  101.  There  have  been 
3.146  visits  to  homes  of  the  children  b>  the  teachers  in  the  kindergartens. 
These,  with  the  mothers'  meetings  held  once  each  month  in  connection  with 
the  different  kindergartens,  have  been  of  inestimable  value  in  bringing  about 
a  closer  sympathy  between  mother  and  teacher  and  the  most  effectual  good  to 
the  children.  There  have  been  4,059  visitors  to  the  kindergartens.  This, 


172  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

with  the  increased  number  in  the  training  class,  is  yet  another  evidence  of 
the  growing  interest  in  the  kindergarten  work.  The  little  paper,  the  Free 
Kindergarten,  issued  by  the  association,  has  a  larger  circulation  this  year, 
indicative  of  a  desire  by  many  to  investigate  more  thoroughly  the  methods  of 
this  association.  The  paper  is  issued  quarterly,  and  contains  plans  and 
reports.  The  association  has  lost  by  death  several  of  its  prominent  original 
members;  among  the  number  are  Mr.  L.  Hagans,  Mr.  Caleb  Gates,  and  Mr. 
F.  Haskel.  The  training  class  has  four  regular  instructors,  Mrs.  Mary 
Boomer  Page,  theory;  Miss  Eva  B.  Whitmore,  occupations;  Miss  Margaret 
D.  Morley,  physical  culture,  and  Miss  Mary  Hofer,  vocal  music.  Besides 
these  the  classes  have  special  lectures  from  other  specialists.  Miss  Josephine 
Locke  has  given  to  the  classes  lectures  on  form,  color,  and  'clay  modeling. 
Other  lecturers  of  the  year  have  been  Dr.  I.  N.  Danforth,  Dr.  McPherson, 
Miss  Frances  Willard,  Mrs.  Kissell,  and  Dr.  Everett  Burr.  The  special 
feature  of  this  association  is  growing  in  favor  as  its  work  is  more  thoroughly 
investigated.  There  have  been  many  of  its  Bible  cards  sent  home  and  treas- 
ured by  all  members  of  the  family.  Texts  are  chosen  that  children  can  com- 
prehend and  are  not  given  until  the  thought  is  worked  out  through  other 
materials.  • 

Chicago  Nursery  and  Half-Orphan  Asylum. — Located  at  175  Burling 
streeet,  and  855  N.  Hals  ed  street.  One  of  the  most  useful  and  most  worthy 
of  the  charities  of  Chicago.  Officers  of  the  Board  of  Managers:  President, 
Mrs.  W.  C.  Goudy;  vice-president,  Mrs.  A.  Keith;  2d  vice-president,  Mrs.  H. 
J.  Berry;  secretary,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Beckwith;  assistant  secretary,  Mrs.  C.  Bent- 
ley;  treasurer,  Miss  Hurlbut;  matron,  Miss  E.  M.  Fuller.  At  the  last  annual 
meeting  the  treasurer's  report  showed  the  total  receipts  for  the  year  to  be 
$18,039.37;  expenses  and  investments,  $17,560.67;  balance  on  hand,  $478.70. 
Chicago  Orphan  Asylum. — Located  at  2228  Michigan  avenue.  Take 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line.  Under  Protestant  management,  but 
children  of  all  denominations  are  admitted.  Officers — President,  Norman 
Williams;  vice-president,  John  M.  ClarK  ;  secretary,  Frederick  B.  Tuttle ; 
treasurer,  W.  D.  Preston.  Officers  of  the  Board  of  Directresses — President, 
Mrs.  N.  T.  Gassette ;  vice-president,  Mrs.  B.  B.  Botford  ;  corresponding 
secretary,  Miss  S.  M.  Horton  ;  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Getz  ;  treas- 
urer, Mrs.  E.  J.  Doring;  matron,  Mrs.  Harriet  C.  Bigelow. 

Chicago  Policlinic. — A  large  and  vwell  equipped  building  located  at  174 
and  i76  E.Chicago  avenue.  Take  Clark  or  Wells  street  cable  cars.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  meritorious  institutions  of  the  city.  All  sorts  of  diseases  are 
treated  free  of  charge  to  sufferers.  From  an  enterprise  for  gratuitous  treat- 
ment of  the  poor  the  physicians  interested  have  developed  it  into  a 
college,  where  active  practitioners  may  take  a  post-graduate  course  in  surgery 
and  medicine.  The  lecture  and  other  rooms  have  been  enlarged  and  there  is 
now  room  for  200.  The  clinics,  which  continue  the  year  round,  are  well 
patronized,  the  daily  number  of  people  treated  being  about  200.  The  hos- 
pital room  has  recently  been  increased.  About  thirty  Chicago  physicians 
are  connected  with  the  institution,  among  them  being  the  following:  Drs. 
Miller,  Belfield,  Harris,  Chew,  M.  R.  Brown,  Henrotin,  Etheridge,  Hooper, 
Colburn,  Fiske,  Hoadley,  MacArthur,  Senn,  Fenger,  Futterer,  Patton,  Hotz, 
Ingals,  Church,  Hayes,  J.  B.  Hamilton,  Banga,  Christopher,  Anthony,  E. 
M.  Smith,  C^S.  Bacon,  E.  L.  Holmes,  H.  M.  Lyman. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

CORLISS  ENGINE  HOUSE  AND  WATER  TOWER,  PULLMAN,  CHICAGO. 
[See  "  Great  Industries."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  173 

Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society. — Organized  by  special  act  of  the  legisla- 
ture in  1857.  Located  in  Chicago,  Relief  and  Aid  Society  building,  LaSalle 
street,  between  Randolph  and  Lake  streets.  This  society  received  a  large 
portion  of  the  surplus  funds  contributed  by  the  world  for  Ihe relief  of  the 
people  of  Chicago,  after  the  great  fire  of  1871.  The  society  has  from  time  to 
time  been  severely  criticised  for  the  coldness  of  its  management,  and  thc> 
gingerly  manner  in  which  it  extends  its  charities.  In  the  last  annual  report, 
it  advises  strongly  against  the  giving  of  private  alms.  The  society  owns  200 
beds  in  private  hospitals.  It  claims  that  it  has  sometimes  found  a  family  ask 
ing  relief  when  there  are  children  old  enough  to  contribute  to  their  own  and 
their  parents'  support,  but  who  are  kept  at  school.  The  society  refuses  aid 
in  such  cases,  placing  self-support  and  filial  duty  before  education.  "  In  the 
midst  of  abject  poverty,"  so  the  reports  reads,  "there  is  often  surprising 
wastefulness.  There  is  great  need  of  education  in  res pect  to  the  ways  and 
means  of  economy."  During  1890  the  following  number  of  articles  are  said 
to  have  been  issued  :  Men's  wear,  749  ;  children's  wear,  1,459  ;  shoes,  1.571} 
pairs  ;  blankets.  104  ;  comforts,  37  ;  red  flannel,  1,520  yards ;  canton  flannel. 
2, 890  yards;  unbleached  muslin,  2,165;  calico,  2.160  ;  worsted  goods,  183 
In  the  list  of  nationalities  of  those  who  received  relief  the  Germans  are  at  the 
head  with  510  families,  including  2,470  children,  and  the  Scotch  are  the 
sma-llest  with  60  families.  The  total  is  2,350  families  and  10,940  children. 
In  the  class  of  cases  relieved  there  were  2,209  of  aged,  sick,  or  infirm  widows 
with  families,  400  able-bodied  men  with  families,  and  895  deserted  women 
with  families.  The  total  number  of  applications  was  13,565,  of  which  6,015 
were  approved  ;  women  sent  to  the  Home  for  the  Friendless,  145  ;  children, 
300  ;  meal  tickets  issued,  2,746  ;  men  furnished  with  employment,  outside  of 
wood-yard,  10,536  ;  expended  by  Superintendent  Truesdell,  $39,239  ;  balance 
on  hand,  $13,482.  The  cash  donations,  amounting  to  $31,583,  were  divided 
into  4  $1,000  subscriptions,  sixteen  of  $500  each,  three  of  $300,  thirty  of  $250 
each,  eight  of  $200  each,  and  a  large  number  of  sums  ranging  from  $150  to 
$1.  The  officers  are — President,  John  McLaren;  B.  L.  Smith,  treasurer; 
secretary,  W.  H.  Hubbard;  general  superintendent,  Rev.  C.  G.  Truesdeli, 
directors  meet  first  Monday  of  every  month.  The  society  has  branch  offices 
as  follows:  Southern  office,  3601  Wabash  ave.  Northern  office,  420  Lincoln 
ave.  Western  office,  Monroe,  cor.  Ogden  ave. 

Church  Home  for  Aged  Persons. — Located  at  4327  Ellis  ave.  Take  Cot- 
tage Grove  avenue  cable  lines.  Reports  made  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
lady  managers  show  the  disbursements  of  last  year  and  no  debt  for  the 
coming  year.  The  board  is  composed  of  Mrs.  Dr.  Warden,  Mrs.  George  W. 
Mathers*  Miss  Sayer,  Miss  Josephine  I.  Wells  and  Mrs.  George  S.  McRej- 
uolds. 

Chicago  Home  for  Crippled  Children. — Dr.  J.  Prince  in  charge.  Located 
at  91  Heine  street.  This  institution  is  designed  as  a  mission  to  the  poor  and 
destitute,  and  a  charitable  asylum  for  infirm  or  crippled  children.  It  depends 
upon  voluntary  subscription.  Ben.  K.  Chase,  tieasurer  board  of  trustees,  70 
State  street. 

Convalescents'  Home. — Organized  1891  and  as  yet  in  its  incipiency.  The 
directors  hope  to  begin  in  a  small  way  with  a  home  for  invalids  in  the  city  in 
the  winter  time  and  a  country  place  during  the  summer.  Officers  :  President, 


174  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Dr.  Walter Delafleld;  vice-president,  General  Joseph  Stockton;  secretary, 
Charles  M.  Flack;  treasurer,  Julius  Rosen  thai. 

Danish  Lutheran  Orphans'  Home. — Located  at  Maplewood,  a  suburb  of 
Chicago.  Take  train  at  Wells  street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  streets.  Under 
direction  of  the  Danish  Lutheran  Church  Society  of  Chicago  ;  superintendent, 
Rev.  Andrew  S.  Nielsen. 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge.— Located  on  the  west  side  of  Indiana  avenue, 
between  Fiftieth  and  Fifty-first  streets.  Mrs.  L.  B.  Doud,  president;  Mrs. 
H.  Y.  Lazeau,  vice-president;  Mrs.  John  Ailing,  recording  secretary;  Mrs. 
Charles  Oilman  Smith,  corresponding  secretary;  Mrs.  E.  O.  F.  Holer,  treas- 
urer; Mrs.  Helen  M.  Woods,  superintendent;  Miss  Bessie  Stone,  assistant 
superintendent.  Teachers — Miss  Jennie  Crawford  and  Miss  Barber.  Trus- 
tees— James  H.  Swan,  Charles  M.  Charnley,  Addison  Ballard,  H.  H.  Kohl- 
saat,  Henry  S.  Stebbias  and  G.  C.  Bentpn.  Take  Indiana  avenue  car  on 
Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1865.  The  pres- 
ent building  was  dedicated  and  thrown  open  in  the  fall  of  1890.  It  cost  $60,- 
000  and  will  accommodate  100  women.  The  plan  of  the  new  building  may 
be  described  generally  as  octagonal,  thirty-eight  feet  in  diameter,  with  four 
wings  34x48  feet  in  size.  The  inner  corners  of  these  wings  are  cut  off  so  as  to 
form  small  square  courts,  with  alternate  sides  of  the  octagon.  The  main 
entrance,  facing  Indiana  avenue,  is  in  one  of  these  courts,  and  the  angle  of  the 
wings  in  front  of  it  contains  a  porch.  Across  the  corresponding  angle  in  the 
rear,  and  communicating  with  the  two  rear  wings,  is  the  kitchen  building. 
The  building  has  three  stories  and  basement,' and  the  rotunda  towers,  above 
the  wings,  constitute  another  story.  The  material  used  is  half-dressed  lime- 
stone for  the  basement  and  Roman  red  brick  for" the  superstructure.  The 
architecture  is  very  plain.  In  the  basement  are  the  store-rooms,  truuk-ioom, 
engine-room,  boiler-room,  coal-room,  ice-room,  vegetable-loom,  laundry  and 
the  drying-room,  and  in  the  rotunda  the  gymnasium.  On  the  first  floor,  the 
rotunda,  into  which  the  entrance  opens,  contains  the  main  staircase,  which 
rises  at  either  side  of  an  ornamental  mantel  and  fire-place  tixcd  in  the  smoke- 
stack. In  the  northeast  wing  are  the  sewiug-iooms,  fitting-ioom  and  mate- 
rial-room. In  the  southeast  wing  are  the  office,  parlor,  committee-room  and 
a  beautiful  chapel.  In  the  northwest  wing  are  the  nurseiy,  wash-room  and  a 
few  dormitories.  In  the  southwest  wing  are  the  dining-room  and  china 
closet,  and  connecting  with  them  the  kitchen  and  pantry.  On  the  second 
floor  of  the  rotunda  is  the  library,  and  in  the  wings  the  dormitories,  bath- 
rooms, servants'  quarters  and  the  hospital.  The  third  floor  is  devoted  entirely 
to  dormitories  and  bath-rooms.  In  the  fourth  story  of  the  rotunda  are  more 
dormitories  and  two  lock-ups,  lined  with  corrugated  iron,  for  the  most  violent 
inmates.  The  capacity  of  the  building  is  about  100  inmates.  The  cost  of 
the  ground  was  $11,000. 

The  Erring  Woman's  Refuge  is  one  of  the  best  managed  charities  in  the 
city.  The  inmates  are  generally  between  the  ages  of  14  and  20.  As  a  rule 
they  are  plain,  uneducated  and  ignorant  girls.  They  drift  into  the  Refuge  in 
various  ways,  but  mostly  from  the  justice  courts,  though  there  is  no  law 
authorizing  justices  of  the  peace  to  commit  them  there,  nor  the  Refuge  itself 
to  receive  and  restiain  them.  Whenever  they  choose  they  get  released  on  a 
writ  of  habeas  corpus.  The  aim  of  the  management  is  to  restore  the  health 
of  the  inmates,  teach  them  housework,  plain  sewing  and  dressmaking,  and 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  175 

to  awaken  their  moral  and  religious  nature.  They  all  attend  school  during 
four  days  in  the  week.  On  Sundays  there  is  school  in  the  morning,  a  sermon 
by  some  minister  in  the  afternoon,  and  in  the  evening  a  prayer  meeting  con- 
ducted by  one  of  the  inmates,  whom  the  others  have  selected  for  that  pur- 
pose. There  is  also  a  prayer  meeting  on  Thursday  evening,  a  temperance 
band  of  hope,  and  on  the  last  Saturday  evening  in  every  month  a  public  enter- 
tainment by  the  inmates,  consisting  of  recitations  and  music.  At  all  these 
occasions  the  public  is  welcome.  A  sight  not  easily  forgotten  is  a  peep  into 
thematron's  photograph  album,  containing  the  likenesses  of  the  girls  who  have 
graduated  from  the  institution.  To  hear  her  give  the  history  of  one  after 
another  of  them  is  a  sad  but  interesting  experience.  Visitors  are  admitted 
between  10  A.  M.  and  4  P.  M.  daily. 

Foundlings'  Home. — Located  at  114  Wood  St.,  near  West  Madison  St., 
West  Side.  Dr.  George  E.  Shipman,  Supt.  Visiting  day,  Tuesday,  from 
11  A.  M.  to  4  P.M.  Take  Madison  st.  cable  line.  First  opened  for  the  recep- 
tion of  foundlings  January,  1870,  by  Dr.  Shipman.  It  was  originally  intended 
only  as  a  haven  of  refuge  for  such  little  castaways  as  were  abandoned  in  its 
immediate  neighborhood,  and  not  as  a  city  charity.  But,  through  a  mis- 
understanding upon  this  score,  the  city  papers  spoke  of  it  as  such,  and  the 
doctor  found  the  superinteudency  of  a  public  charity  forced  upon  him.  He 
had  realized  for  a  number" of  years  the  great  need  of  such  an  institution 
before  he  opened  his  little  home,  but  could  find  no  one  who  thought  it  incum- 
bent upon  himself  personally  to  undertake  it,  while  all  admitted  the  crying 
need.  Dr.  Shipnvin  from  that  moment  until  the  present  has  never  been  free 
from  its  responsibilities.  In  speaking  of  the  time  of  its  foundation  he  says 
that  the  coroner  reported  to  him,  upon  being  questioned,  that  he  held  an  in- 
quest on  at  least  one  child  every  day  "  found  dead  from  exposure."  This 
would  make  a  yearly  aggregate  of  365,  to  say  nothing  of  the  great  numbers 
dead  by  the  fearful  crime  of  infanticide.  The  first  home  was  a  small,  two- 
story  frame  house  at  54  South  Green  street,  for  which  $35  per  month  wa«  to 
be  paid,  with  option  ou  a  year  from  the  following  May.  From  one  friend 
and  another,  wiio  learned  of  the  doctor's  intentions,  he  received  $77. 38,  and  a 
patient  of  his  said  he  would  give  $100  more  when  it  was  opened.  This  was 
the  sum  total  of  visible  capital  wherewith  to  support  all  the  foundlings  in 
Chicago.  It  is  interesting  to  read  of  this  meager  home  and  its  still  more 
meager  furnishings  and  compare  them  with  the  almost  luxurious  equipments 
of  the  present  home.  Although  the  entire  house  was  made  habitable  very 
soon,  its  capacity  was  reached  before  the  lapse  of  many  weeks,  and  still  the 
basket  at  the  door  had  every  morning  its  tiny  occupant.  More  room  must 
be  gained  or  the  basket  taken  in.  This  was  not  to  be  thought  of,  and  search 
was  at  once  begun  for  a  larger  house,  although  the  home  had  no  money. 
This  resulted  in  the  selection  of  two  large  brick  houses  on  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Randolph  and  Sangamon  streets.  Two  formidable  dragons  stood 
between  the  little  charity  and  these.  The  rent  was  $133  per  month  ($35  was 
more  than  they  could  pay  promptly).  They  were  in  a  wretched  condition, 
and  the  landlord  would  do  nothing.  There  was  no  way  to  surmount  these 
obstacles  except  to  boldly  face  them.  These  b'uildings  were  selected  on 
March  21,  and  when  the  doctor  returned  home  in  the  evening,  wondering 
what  .should  be  done  and  praying,  in  the  old  way,  for  aid  and  guidance,  he 
found  the  following  letter  awaiting  him: 

"  DR.  SHIPMAN:  My  newspaper,  just  road,  gives  me  an  account  of  your  foundlings, 
and  says  you  are  relying  on  the  Lord,  who  has  just  told  me  to  send  you  the  enclosed 
<a  check  for  $10J.;  Trust  in  God  aim  KtCp  the  1'uunalings  warm. 

J.  W.  [JOHN  WENTWOHTH.I 


176  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

This  letter  was  taken  as  an  indication  that  a  more  forward  move  was 
demanded,  and  the  dragons  slunk  away.  The  27th  of  March  found  the 
little  colony  moving  in  at  the  forbidden  doorways.  The  first  month's  rent 
was  paid  with  J.  W.'s  $100  and  the  balance  from  the  doctor's  purse.  Now 
the  terrible  struggles  of  the  home  began.  These  can  not  better  be  explained 
than  by  his  diary,  kept  during  theseTbitter  days : 

"  Thursday,  March  30.— Only  $  J  received  this  week .  The  Lord  seems  to  rebuke  us 
for  something.  May  he  in  mercy  show  us  what  it  is.  Much  money  is  needed,  but  none 
comes.  Has  the  Lord  forgotten  to  be  gracious?  '  Fear  not;  I  am  with  tbee,'  he  saya. 
May  we  not  trust  implicitly  in  him? 

"Friday,  March  31.— No  money  has  come  in  to-day,  but  considerable  has  gone 
out,  which  I  have  been  obliged  to  furnish  out  of  my  own  pocket.  *  *  * 

"  Monday,  April  3. — No  relief  yet  and  daily  demands  upon  my  slender  purge, 
which  is  quite  unable  to  meet  even  those  made  upon  it  by  my  own  necessities. 

"  Friday,  April  7.— But  $7.31  has  been  received,  and  I  have  spent  very  nearly  the 
last  dollar  of  my  own  money."  *  *  * 

A  gleam  of  sunshine  came  on  the  following  Monday  when  several  brother 
physicians  called  upon  him  in  the  evening  and  left  a  purse  containing  $45. 
The  home  worried  on  through  the  summer,  and  then  in  October  came  the 
great  fire.  It  escaped  its  terrors,  but  was  $1,500  in  debt.  The  Relief  and 
Aid  Society  voted  a  monthly  stipend  to  every  city  charity  excepting  the 
Foundlings'  Home,  the  objection  being  that  it  was  managed  by  an  indirldual 
instead  of  by  a  "  board,"  as  were  the  others.  This  policy  was  not  lonf  per- 
sisted in,  however,  for  they  soon  decided  to  appropriate  $150  per  month  for 
six  months  to  the  foundlings.  In  May,  1872,  it  was  intimated  to  Dr.  Ship- 
man  that  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  wished  to  give  $10,000  toward  the 
erection  of  a  building  for  the  Home,  but  that  they  objected  to  giving  it  to  a 
private  individual.  The  only  objection  he  had  ever  had  to  its  being  incor- 
porated was  the  possibility  that  the  work  might  be  interrupted  as  one  of  faith. 
This  reasoning  was  soon  set  aside,  and  on  May  28th  the  Foundlings'  Home 
was  incorporated  under  a  general  act  of  the  legislature,  with  the  following- 
named  gentlemen  as  trustees:  Thomas  C.  Dickenson,  John  Dillingham,  the 
Rev.  C.  D.  Helmer,  William  G.  Hibbard,  8.  A.  Kean,  the  Rev.  A.  E.  Kit- 
tredge,  J.  L.  Pickard,  the  Rev.  H.  N.  Powers,  and  George  E.  Shipman, 
M.  D. 

In  July,  the  lot  on  Wood  street  was  purchased  for  $8,000,  $3,000  being 
paid  in  cash  and  a  mortgage  given  for  $5.000.  Work  on  the  building  was 
commenqed  In  October.  The  Relief  and  Aid  Society  gave  another  $10,000, 
and  then  $2,500  more.  Citizens  gave  $3, 000,  and  May  9,  1874,  the  house  was 
ready  for  occupancy.  In  1884,  some  friends  of  the  doctor's,  who  had 
watched  his  patient  and  self-sacrificing  eiforts  to  maintain  the  Home  for 
years,  raised  among  themselves  the  sum  of  $25, 000  and  erected  a  commodious 
addition  to  the  Home  building  for  his  residence,  so  that  with  his  wife  and 
four  of  his  eight  children  about  him  he  lives  in  comfort  and  within  sight  and 
sound  of  every  movement  of  his  foundlings.  There  are  at  present  112 
inmates,  including  the  nurses.  The  foundlings  range  in  age  from  the  newly- 
born  to  twelve  months.  They  are  usually  adopted  or  redeemed  by  their 
parents  before  reaching  one  year.  The  Home  still  depends  solely  upon  vol- 
untary contributions  for  support,  but  is  now  so  well  known  and  so  widely 
appreciated  that  it  does  not  suffer  the  old  sorrows  of  destitution  and  misery. 
Visitors  to  the  institution  are  welcome  during  the  usual  visiting  hours,  on 
Tuesday,  from  11  A.  M.  to  4.  P.M.  and  there  is  scarcely  a  more  interesting 
institution  in  the  city. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  177 

Jewish  Charitable  Association. — An  association  of  Hebrews  of  the  North 
Side  for  charitable  purposes.  The  officers  of  the  association  are:  B.  Wartelsky, 
president;  Lewis  Lewisohn,  vice-president;  >I.  Kreeger,  secretary,  and  A.  L. 
Stone,  treasurer.  The  headquarters  are  at  No.  567  South  Halsted  St.,  where 
the  superintendent,  M.  Dulsky,  has  charge  of  every  case  of  Buffering  reported. 
President,  B.  Wartelsky;  vice-presidents,  Wolf  Goldstein  and  M.  Kassel; 
recording  secretary,  M.  Kreeger;  financialjsecretary,  A.  Bernstein;  treasurer, 
N.  Davis;  board  of  directors,  A.  I.  Frank,  R.  Goldstein,  A.  L.  Stone,  Lewis 
Lewinsohn,  Marks  Nathan,  A.  Lieberman,  A.  Wilkess,  H.  Stern,  and  S.  D. 
Stoll.  Advisory  Board,  L.  Steinberg,  M.  Perlstein,  F.  Kiss,  I.  Lewinsohn, 
M.  Schneider,  P.  Drosdivitz,  M.  Barnett,  H.  Barnett,  C.  B.  Neuerman. 

Lake  Geneva  Fresh  Air  Association. — Organized  June  1888  by  wealthy 
ladies  and  gentlemen  of  Chicago,  summer  residents  of  Lake  Geneva.  It  is 
said  this  grand  charity,  which  has  for  its  object  the  granting  of  recreation  to 
,  poor  children  and  working  girls,  during  the  heated  terms  of  each  year,  had 
its  origin  in  the  suggestion  of  a  Chicago  lady  during  a  moonlight  boat  ride  on 
the  lake.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  George  Sturges,  N.  K.  Fairbank  and  George  C. 
Walker  were  instrumental  in  starting  the  movement.  A  committee  of  twenty 
young  women  was  organized  to  secure  subscriptions  around  the  lake  and  in 
the  city.  In  one  month  the  committee  had  $12,000  pledged.  A  number  of 
gentlemen  pledged  themselves  to  furnish  an  additional  sum  of  money  to  start 
the  organization.  The  articles  of  incorporation  read  : 

"  The  undersigned,  E.  D.  Richardson,  W.  H.  Hammersly,  and  John  B.  Sim- 
mons, residents  cf  Lake  Geneva,  in  V\  alworth  County,  State  of  Wisconsin,  hereby 
associate  themselves  together  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  corporation,  under  the 
Revised  Statutes  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  and  main- 
ing  at  Lake  Geneva  a  summer  resort  for  poor  children  residing  in  or  near  the  city  of 
ChicHgo  The  capital  stock  of  this  association  shall  be  limited  to  twenty  thousand 
dollars  (*20,OoO),  divided  into  two  hundred  (~0  )  shares  of  one  hundred  dollars  (*100) 
each.  It  mnjr  commence  the  transaction  of  business  when  eighty  (80)  shares  of  its 
capital  stock  nave  been  subscribed  for.  No  dividend  or  pecuniary  profit  shall  ever  be 
made  or  declared  by  this  corporation  to  its  members." 

The  asnciatioo  i  nmeiiately  purchased  eight  acres  of  ground  ont  he  north 
shore  of  Lake  Geneva,  near  Forest  Glen.  The  land  lies  in  one  of  the  most 
picturesque  spots  around  this  beautiful  lake.  It  is  on  a  wooded  hillside  run- 
ning down  to  the  shore,  and  has  300  feet  frontage  on  the  lake.  A  two-story 
frame  house,  with  basement,  was  built  on  a  level  with  the  gentle  slope  that 
runs  down  to  the  lake.  The  house  stands  several  hundred  feet  back  from  the 
shore  and  immediately  in  the  rear  of  it  rises  the  steep  acclivity  of  the  hill  or 
bluff.  This  house  was  christened  the  "  Holiday  Home,"  and  many  a  heart 
has  leaped  with  gladness  within  its  walls.  A  large  veranda,  after  the 
Southern  style  of  a  porch,  runs  around  the  suniiy  side  of  the  house.  In  the 
basement  are  the  servants'  quarters — kitchen,  laundry  and  balh-rooms.  On 
the  first  floor  is  a  large  play-room  for  children  with  an  old-fashioned  fire- 
place, a  long  hall,  a  dining-room,  a  matron's  room  and  a  committee-room. 
In  the  upper  story  are  four  dormitories,  each  fitted  up  with  iron  bedsteads. 
The  walls  are  covered  with  pictures.  Each  child  has  a  bag,  into  which  it 
puts  its  clothing  at  night  and  hangs  near  the  b(d.  A  matron  has  a  room  on 
this  floor  also.  The  home  was  opened  July  3,  1888.  There  are  special  dona- 
tions by  individuals  for  support  of  beds,  and  decorations  in  the  way  of  pic- 
tures. About  a  dozen  beds  are  thus  provided.  The  home  now  has  accom- 
modations for  eighty  persons.  About  $4,000  has  been  spent  on  the  house. 

On  June  loih  of  each  year  the  association  sends  out  eighty  young  women 


178  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

to  the  home  for  an  outing  of  two  weeks.  They  are  found  in  the  ranks  of  the 
shop  girls,  clerks,  type-writers  and  stenographers.  Their  car  fare  is  paid 
both  ways  by  the  association  and  their  boarding  and  lodging  are  free.  Their 
summer  retreat  lasts  until  July  1st.  They  return  that  day  in  the  moruing, 
and  in  the  afternoon  another  party  of  eighty  younger  girls,  ranging  from  six 
to  thirteen  years  of  age,  are  sent  out  to  the  home.  This  lot  is  found  among 
the  school  children  principally.  A  selection  committee  has  charge  of  tie 
matter.  Applications  for  an  outing  are  handed  into  this  committee  and  an 
agent  makes  an  investigation.  If  the  application  is  found  to  be  a  proper  on« 
the  applicant  is  registered  as  one  who  can  go.  The  city  is  divided  into  dis- 
tricts, each  one  having  an  agent  who  reports  applications  to  the  selection 
committee,  and  then  the  general  agent  makes  his  investigation. 

On  the  afternoon  of  July  15th  a  lot  of  eighty  boys  are  taken  out  on  the 
train  to  the  home.  They  are  selected  from  the  poorer  families  and  the  sickly 
children.  The  succeeding  fortnights  alternate  with  a  lot  of  boys  and  then  a 
lot  of  girls  at  the  home  up  to  September  1st.  This  allows  the  children  1o 
return  in  time  for  the  opening  of  the  public  schools.  The  first  two  weeks  of  • 
September  are  devoted  to  giving  recreation  to  eighty  mothers  and  eighty 
babies.  The  mothers,  babies,  young  women  and  girls  and  boys  are  given  free 
excursions  on  the  lake  by  the  gentlemen  in  the  vicinity  who  own  private 
yachts.  A  pier  has  been  built  on  the  lake  front  of  the  association's  property, 
and  the  boys,  under  the  charge  of  custodians,  are  allowed  to  swim  and  bathe 
and  indulge  in  aquatic  sports.  The  girls  are  also  allowed  to  educate  themselves 
in  swimming.  Concerts  are  given  in  the  play -room  of  Ihe  home.  A  fine 
piano  is  there  for  the  use  of  those  musically  inclined.  Gospel  hymns  are 
sung,  but  the  boys  can  also  raise  their  voices  in  exploiting  the  love  affairs  of 
"  Little  Annie,"  who  was  the  sweetheart  of  a  certain  Joe;  or  even  warble 
the  melodies  of  "  There're  After  Me  !  After  me!"  Concerts  by  older  people 
are  given  at  Harvard  Camp,  Kaye's  Park,  Forest  Glen  Park  and  Frascate 
Park,  the  proceeds  of  which  go  into  the  treasury  of  the  home.  Fresh  veg- 
etables are  furnished  the  home  from  the  private  gardens  at  the  lake,  and  gen 
tlemen  in  the  vicinity  also  send  over  barrels  of  watermelons  in  season. 

Officers. — President,  Mrs.  George  L.  Dunlapjvice  presidents,  Mrs.  Edward 
E.  Ayer,  Gilbert  B.  Shaw;  corresponding  secretary,  Miss  M.  D.  Sturgcs; 
recording  secretary,  Mrs.  Herbert  P.  Crane;  treasurer,  Miss  Katherine. 
Porter;  board  of  directors,  Edward  E.  Ayer,  R.  T.  Crane,  Henry  Strong,  Mrs. 
S.  W.  Allerton,  Mrs.  John  T.  Lester,  Mrs.  Lucretia  J.  Tilton;  board  of  mana- 
gers, Mrs.  E.  E.  Ayer,  Mrs.  S.  A.  Brown,  Mrs.  William  J.  Chalmers,  Mrs. 
Charles  Crane,  Mrs.  Herbert  P.  Crane,  Mrs.  R.  T.  Crane,  Mrs.  W.  F. 
Dummer.  Mrs.  N.  K.  Fairbank,  Miss  Hannah  French,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Harbert, 
Mrs.  F.  S.  Johnson,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Norton,  Mrs.  George  Parker,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Porter, 
Mrs.  O.  W.  Potter,  Mrs.  Conrad  Seipp,  Mrs.  Gilbert  B.  Shaw,  Mrs.  Henry 
Strong,  Mrs.  George  Sturgis,  Miss  C.  P.  Tilton,  Mrs.  James  Van  Inwagen, 
Mrs.  George  C.  Walker,  Mrs.  O.  D.  Wetherell,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  T.  F. 
Withrow.  Standing  Committee  Chairmen — Finance,  Edward  E.  Ayer; 
building  and  grounds,  George  C.  Walker;  household,  Mrs.  George  C.  Walker; 
purchasing,  Mrs.  Orson  Smith;  amusement,  Miss  Katherine  I  sham;  hospital, 
Mrs.  O.  D.  Wetherell;  transportation,  R.  T.  Crane;  selection  of  children,  Mrs. 
T.  F.  Withrow;  investigating,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Chalmers.  Four-fifths  of  the 
money  received  by  the  home  has  come  from  fairs,  clubs  and  children's  enter- 
tainments. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  179 

German  Old  People's  Home. — Located  at  Harlem — Altenheim  P.  O. — 
ten  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  Fifth 
avenue  and  Harrison  street.  This  Home  was  established  through  the  efforts 
and  generosity  of  the  German  residents  of  Chicago,  and  is  the  largest  and 
best  conducted  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  Home  buildings 
are  complete,  the  surroundings  beautiful,  and  nothing  is  spared  to  make  the 
lives  of  the  old  people  committed  to  its  care  as  happy  as  possible.  One  of  the 
prime  movers  in  this  noble  charity  was  Mr.  A.  C.  Hesing.  its  president.  The 
treasurer  is  Mr.  John  Buehler;  secretary,  Arthur,  Erbe;  financial  secretary, 
C.  Mechelke. 

Good  Samaritan  Society. — Industrial  Home,  151  Lincoln  avenue,.  North 
side  ;  take  Lincoln  avenue  car.  This  institution  is  incorporated  by  special 
charter.  The  object  of  this  Society  is  to  provide  a  place  for  destitute  women 
and  girls,  believed  to  be  worthy,  where  they  can  earn  an  honest  and  respect- 
able living.  For  this  purpose  a  home  is  provided,  where,  when  necessary, 
they  can  be  cared  for  temporarily,  and  as  soon  as  a  suitable  place  can  be 
found  they  are  sent  to  it.  No  money  is  given  them  except  to  pay  car  fare 
or  for  some  immediate  necessity.  The  essence  of  the  whole  work  is,  to  give 
a  chance  to  those  who  wish  to  get  on  in  the  world.  Supported  by  voluntary 
contribution. 

Guardian  Angel  Orphan  Asylum. — This  is  a  German  Roman  Catholic 
institution  and  is  located  at  Rosehill  (Havelock  P.  O.).  Take  train  at  Wells 
street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  streets.  The  institution  is  conducted  by  the 
Poor  Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ ;  Superior,  Sister  Mary  Hyacinthe. 

Hebrew  Charity  Association. — This  association  is  accomplishing  a  remark- 
able and  a  noble  work  in  Chicago.  It  is  composed  of  the  various  Hebrew 
charitable  organizations.  [For  particulars  as  to  its  general  transactions,  see 
"  Michael  Reese  Hospital,"  under  heading  of  "  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries."] 
The  receipts  of  the  last  Hebrew  charity  ball  given  in  Chicago  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Hebrew  Charity  Association  were  $12,000.  The  report  of  the 
united  Hebrew  charities  for  1889-1890  showed  that  during  the  year  there 
were  494  applicants  for  work,  or  forty  more  than  the  year  before.  Of  these 
443  were  provided  with  work,  or  fifty-seven  more  than  during  the  preceding 
year.  At  the  Michael  Reese  hospital  789  patients  were  treated,  of  whom  252 
were  Jewish  Charity  patients  and  278  Gentile  charity  patients.  Of  those 
treated  344  were  Jewish,  330  Protestant,  and  115  Roman  Catholic. 

Helping  Hand,  The. — The  Helping  Hand  is  the  name  of  a  new  institution, 
benevolent  in  character,  which  was  opemd  to  the  public  in  1891,  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  West  Washington  and  Clinton  streets.  The  three  upper  floors 
of  the  four-story  building  on  that  corner  have  been  leased  for  three  years  by 
well-known  citizens,  who  organized  and  incorporated  this  charity  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  a  practical  test  of  their  ideas  concerning  work  of  this  kind. 
They  deal  chiefly  with  able-bodied  but  unfortunate  men.  They  do  not  pro- 
pose to  become  all-embracing  reformers.  They  have  at  the  outset  adopted  St. 
Paul's  dictum  that  "  if  a  man  will  not  work  neither  shall  he  eat,"  and  to  this 
they  add:  "  Nor  should  he  be  furnished  with  a  bed  at  public  expense." 

One  of  the  most  important  rules  of  the  new  .  establishment  is  thus 
expressed:  "  A  clean  bed,  a  compulsory  bath,  a  clean  night  shirt,  and  such 
treatment  of  clothing  as  will  destroy  all  vermin,"  all  of  which  is  deemed  quite 
as  ueedful  as  food  to  the  self-respect  of  a  man.  The  three  floors  contain  26 


180  GUIDE    TO    CHCAGO. 

rooms,  18  of  which  are  provided  with  enough  single  beds  to  accommodate  100 
lodgers.  Then  there  are  dining-room  and  kitchen,  reading-room,  reception- 
room  and  office,  and  room  for  shower  baths,  fumigation  room  for  the  treatment 
of  oldclothes,  and  a  large  apartment  in  which  non-sectarian  gospel  services  will 
be  conducted  every  evening.  The  house  is  well  provided  with  closets,  and 
newly  fitted  with  water  pipes.  In  these  respects  it  is  far  above  the  average 
cheap  lodging  house.  Not  the  least  important  of  Its  features  is  a  cobbler's 
bench,  where  badly  worn  shoes  of  unfortunates  may  be  repaired,  and  a 
tailor's  outfit  for  the  mending  of  frayed  garments  that  have  seen  better  days. 
Charitable  people  are  requested  to  send  cast-off  clothing  there,  <3o  that  a  stock 
may  be  kept  on  hand  for  emergencies. 

The  rates  at  the  Helping  Hand  are  15  cents  for  a  bed,  or  35  cents  for 
supper,  bed  and  breakfast.  Cash  will  be  accepted  from  those  who  have  it; 
able-bodied  men  without  the  price  will  be  required  to  pay  an  equivalent  in 
work  furnished  by  the  institution.  Cripples  and  men  unable  to  work  do  not 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  refuge;  they  will  be  referred  to  the  institutions 
which  cover  that  field.  In  course  of  time  it  is  expected  that  different  kinds 
of  work  can  be  furnished  by  the  Helping  Hand,  but  for  the  present  the  labor 
will  consist  chiefly  of  street  sweeping,  scrubbing,  delivering  coal  and  kindling 
wood.  Officers:  Thomas  Kane,  president;  W.  H.  Rice,  secretary;  Judge 
Qwynn  Garnett,  treasurer.  The  directors  are  Messrs.  Garneii,  Kane,  Rice, 
Judge  C.  C.  Kohlsaat,  Arthur  J.  Caton,  Charles  E.  Simons,  R,  H.  Trumbull, 
E.  H.  Valentine,  Qeorge  B.  Townsend  and  J.  L.  Whitlock.  P.  V.  Welch, 
superintendent. 

Holy  Family  Polish  and  Bohemian  Orphan  Asylum. — Located  at  Holt  and 
Division  streets.  This  is  a  Catholic  institution.  Sister  Mary  Rosamunda, 
Superior. 

Home  for  Incurables. — Located  on  Ellis  ave.  and  Fifty-sixth  st.  Take 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  F.  D.  Mitchell,  superintendent  ;  Miss  Libbie 
8.  Ainsworth,  matron  ;  Dr.  William  P.  Goldsmith  and  Dr.  John  H.  Wilson, 
attending  physicians.  The  buildings,  together  with  the  surrounding  grounds, 
are  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Clarissa  C.  Peck.  This  kindly  lady,  when  living,  was  ac- 
tive in  all  good  works,  and,  dying,  bequeathed  the  better  half  of  her  estate  for 
the  alleviation'of  a  class  for  whom  no  adequate  provision  was  made.  In  the 
main  corridor  of  the  great  building  is  a  magnificent  brass  memorial  tablet, 
set  like  some  rare  jewel  in  fine  marble.  It  bears  the  following  inscription  : 
* 

CHICAGO  HOME  FOR  INCURABLES. 
This  Tablet  is  Erected  in  Grateful 

Remembrance    of 

CLARISSA  C.  PECK, 

Died  Dec.  22,  1884, 

By  whose  Generosity  This  Institution 

Was  Founded   and  Endowed. 


But  a  monument  more  lasting  than  brass  is  the  great  home  itself  with  its 
cheerful  apartments  given  over  to  the  comfort  and  consolation  of  the  afflicted. 
Mrs.  Peck's  bequest  amounted  to  something  over  $500,000,  and  in  the  will  she 
named  eight  gentlemen  whom  she  wished  to  act  as  trustees  .'  i  founding  the 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  .  181 

institution.  These  were  Byron  L.  Smith,  Edson  Keith,  Albert  J.  Averell,  C. 
M.  Henderson,  George  L.  Otis,  Henry  J.  Willey,  Albert  Keep,  and  Charles 
Gilman  Smith.  Albert  Keep,  formerly  president  of  the  North- Western  rail- 
road, is  a  near  relative  of  the  deceased.  H.  N.  Higinbotham  was  made  pres- 
ident of  the  institution.  This  gentleman  had  been  manager  of  a  similar 
institution  at  Lake  View,  and  his  omission  from  the  list  of  trustees  named  by 
the  testatrix  was  owing  to  her  not  having  acquaintance  with  him.  These 
trustees  made  purchase  of  a  very  suitable  tract  of  land  ;  they  have  480  feet 
on  Ellis  ave.  and  170  feet  on  Fifty-sixth  st.  For  this  they  paid  $22,000.  No 
architectural  display  has  been  attempted  in  the  buildings.  They  are  com- 
modious and  substantial,  and  so  arranged  that  not  a  dark  or  cheerless  room 
can  be  found  throughout.  When  completed  the  buildings  cost  $85,000.  Mrs. 
Peck  died  in  1884,  but,  owing  to  litigation,  the  home  was  not  completed  till 
March,  1890.  Through  all  these  years  interest  had  been  accumulating,  and 
after  deducting  the  $107,000  expended  upon  grounds  and  buildings  there 
still  remained  the  equivalent  of  $600,000  in  productive  real  estate  and  bonds. 
The  interest  upon  this  is  more  than  sufficient  to  meet  all  running  expenses, 
and  lay  by  each  year  a  goodly  sum,  so  that,  when  necessary,  additions  can  be 
made  to  the  buildings  and  its  facilities  enlarged  and  improved,  The  main 
building  is  five  stories  high,  and  extending  from  it  to  north  and  south  are 
wings  of  four  stories.  The  full  capacity  is  125.  When  the  Home  was  opened 
it  took  from  the  smaller  institution  at  Lake  View  thirty-three  incurables,  all 
it  had,  and  that  Home  was  closed.  All  races  are  to  be  received  at  this  institu- 
tion, which  is  entirely  non-sectarian.  When  it  is  possible  for  the  afflicted 
inmate  or  his  friends  to  pay  a  monthly  stipend  for  his  support  it  is  accepted, 
but  there  are  many  who  come  absolutely  free.  To  be  eligible,  the  applicant 
must  be  afflicted  with  some  pronounced  disease,  which  is  considered  incura- 
ble by  the  trustees,  who  are  the  final  judges  in  the  matter.  The  predominat- 
ing diseases  are  paralysis  and  rheumatism,  the  first  being  the  more  frequent. 
Those  who  are  so  afflicted  as  not  to  be  able  to  walk  are  provided  with  invalid 
chairs,  which  they  can  propel  at  pleasure  about  their  rooms  or  through  the 
long  corridors  out  upon  the  wide  verandas.  There  are  comfortable  seats  and 
inviting  hammocks  and  a  perspective  of  lawn  and  bright  flowers  which 
means  much  to  feeble  eyes  and  limbs.  There  is  a  parlor  upon  every  floor, 
where  the  chairs  are  wheeled  at  the  will  of  each  occupant.  There  is  a  com- 
modious reading-room,  and  the  men  have  a  smoking-room  where  they  may 
indulge  to  their  hearts' content  in  the  use  of  their  favorite  brands.  During 
the  usual  visiting  hours  strangers  are  always  welcome. 

Home  for  Self -Supporting  Women. — Located  at  275  and  277  Indiana  street. 
Take  Indiana  street  car.  An  institution  which  affords  a  home  for  girls  and 
women,  whether  employed  or  unemployed,  if  they  are  willing  to  support 
themselves  when  occasion  offers.  A  great  many  women  who  work  outside 
make  this  their  home.  Officers,  president,  Mrs.  James  S.  Gibbs;  treasurer, 
Mrs.  Henry  P.  Crowell;  recording  secretary,  Miss  Mary  A.  Prescott;  corre- 
sponding secretary,  Mrs.  W.  W.  Angue;  matron,  Mrs.  V.  P.  Smith. 


182  •  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Home  for  Unemployed  Girls. — Located  at  Market  and  Elm  sts.,  North 
Side.  Take  North  Market  st.  car.  This  institution  is  conducted  by  the  Fran- 
ciscan sisters.  Girls  temporarily  out  of  employment  are  cared  for  here. 
The  charity  is  a  noble  one  and  receives  the  generous  support  of  Roman  Cath- 
olics. 

Home  for  Working  Women. — Located  at  21  S.  Peoria  street,  West  Side. 
Take  Madison  street  cable  line.  Conducted  by  the  AVorkiug  Women's  Home 
Association.  The  home  is  one  of  the  youngest  of  Chicago's  many  charita- 
ble works,  and  the  success  it  has  attained  has  demonstrated  that  it  has  filled  a 
place  long  needed.  The  home  was  first  opened  on  the  seventeenth  of  May, 
1890,  and  the  building  now  occupied  was  then  newly  painted,  papered  and 
furnished  throughout.  Applications  for  admission  were  numerous,  many  of 
them  being  from  strangers  in  the  city,  and  the  home  is  now  taxed  to  its 
utmost  capacity.  The  aim  of  those  in  charge  is  to  furnish  a  place  where  no 
respectable  woman,  regardless  of  her  nationality  or  religion,  will  be  refused 
needed  assistance,  and  to  enable  those  who  earn  but  little  to  live  comfortably 
and  respectably.  During  the  year  1891  fully  600  girls  received  the 
benefits  of  the  home.  The  food  is  said  to  be  wholesome,  well  cooked,  and 
there  is  plenty  of  it.  Every  inmate  has  her  own  bed,  and  every  room  has  a 
closet.  The  house  is  heated  with  steam,  and  there  is  hot  and  cold  water  on 
every  floor.  The  directors  are  anxious  that  the  Home  shall  be  the  headquar- 
ters for  all  working  women,  whether  they  live  there  or  not.  Free  stationery, 
reading,  sewing  and  bathing-rooms  are  at  the  disposal  of  all,  and  a  type- 
writer and  piano  add  to  the  attractions  of  the  place.  The  managers  are  very 
emphatic  that  their  home  is  not  an  institution,  but  a  genuine  home  in  every 
sense  of  the  word.  Officers — A.  E.  Johnson,  president;  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas, 
first  vice-president;  A.  Chaiser,  second  vice-president;  Rev.  C.  Treider,  sec- 
retary; George  P.  Bay,  treasurer;  Dr.  Odelia  Blinn,  medical  superintendent; 
C.  R.  Matson,  counsel.  Directors — All  officers,  and  Mrs.  Dr.  Gunsaulus, 
Miss  C.  Addie  Brown,  Rev.  A.  Hallmer,  Alice  J.  Johnson  and  Henry  L. 
Hertz. 

Home  for  the  Frie ndless.—  Located  at  1926  Wabash  avenue.  Take 
Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  Established  in  1858.  Officers— A.  C.  Bartlett, 
president ;  F.  D.  Gray,  vice-president ;  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Hill,  corresponding 
secretary  ;  Mrs.  C.  Gilbert  Wheeler,  recording  secretary ;  W.  C.  Nichols, 
treasurer;  Miss  A.  Z.  Rexford,  superintendent,  and  Miss  E.  T.  Colburn, 
assistant  superintendent.  Average  number  of  inmates  about  200.  During 
1890  there  were  1,435  admissions,  1,144  dismissals  and  9  deatbs.  At  the 
beginning  of  1890  there  was  in  the  treasury  a  cash  balance  of  $6,616.90.  Of 
those  admitted  during  1890,  763  were  Protestants,  642  Catholics,  and  40 
Jews.  The  largest  number  received  in  one  month  was  182,  in  October,  and 
the  smallest  72,  in  February.  Thirty-two  children  were  surrendered  to  the 
home  and  fifty-eight  found  homes  of  adoption.  This  is  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting charitable  institutions  in  the  city.  From  small  beginnings  it  has  grown 
and  prospered  until  the  income  of  the  Home  is  now  about  $21,000  per  annum, 
which  includes  the  Crerar  bequest.  Ten  years  ago  the  whole  work  of  the 
home  was  conducted  in  what  is  now  known  as  the  main  building,  or  the  north 
and  south  wings.  Since  that  time  there  has  been  erected,  atacostof  $35,000, 
ft  part  of  the  generous  bequest  of  Mr.  Hobart  Taylor,  the  addition  called  by 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  183 

his  name,  which  has  nearly  doubled  the  capacity  of  the  home.  It  contains 
the  "  Shelter  "  and  bath-room  for  transient  inmates,  two  laundries,  the  linen- 
room,  girls'  department,  including  dormitory,  bath  and  store  rooms,  the 
infirmary,  dispensary  and  nursery.  The  records  also  show  that  during  tne 
last  ten  years  a  procession  of  20,167  women  and  children  have  passed  through 
these  open  doors,  and  here  halted  for  assistance,  material  and  moral,  which 
was  offered  without  distinction  of  color,  race,  religion,  or  language,  so  long 
as  the  applicant  seamed  to  be  overborne  in  the  fierce  struggle  for  life.  Among 
the  throng  hundreds  of  deserted  wives  and  mothers  are  included,  who  fre- 
quently bring  with  them  their  little  broods  to  be  cared  for  in  this  tranquil 
nest.  The  hospitality,  including  rest,  good  food,  encouragement,  sympathy 
and  advice,  is  freely  tendered  to  all  belonging  to  the  class  of  worthy  poor,  as 
specifically  laid  down  in  the  charter.  During  the  last  ten  years  about 
3.400  children,  including  day  scholars,  have  been  enrolled  as  pupils  in  the 
Home  School,  in  which  are  taught  the  branches  of  the  primary  department  and 
the  graded  grammar  school.  In  the  industrial  class,  since  1879.  about  350 
girls,  between  the  ages  of  12  and  16,  have  been  taught  sewing,  housework 
and  elementary  cooking,  thereby  being  prepared  to  earn  a  respectable  living 
when  they  go  out  into  the  world.  Perhaps  the  most  important  feature  in  the 
general  work  of  the  home  is  the  arrangement  by  which  children  are  adopted 
who  have  been  neglected  or  abandoned  by  their  parents.  During  ten  years 
734  children  have  been  legally  ' '  surrendered  "  to  the  home,  which  has  found 
permanent  places  for  nearly  all  that  number  with  reputable  families. 

It  is  stated  in  the  act  of  incorporation,  "  The  object  and  purposes  of  the 
Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless  shall  be  the  relieving,  aiding  and  providing 
homes  for  friendless  and  indigent  women  and  children."  The  middle-aged 
women  at  the  home  are  usually  transients.  A  woman  is  out  of  work,  or  a 
stranger,  and  has  no  money  to  get  a  lodging.  She  makes  her  way  to  the 
Home,  where  all  are  received  except  the  unfortunate  victim  of  drink,  for 
whom  there  is  no  immediate  place  but  the  police  station.  After  admission 
the  new  guest  is  provided  with  a  hot  bath,  and,  if  she  desires,  some  clean 
clothes.  She  is  then  givtn  a  good  meal,  and,  as  it  is  usually  at  night  that 
such  applications  are  made,  she  is  taken  to  a  comfortable  bed.  In  the 
morning,  after  breakfast,  she  is  expected  to  help  during  the  forenoon  with 
the  work  of  the  house,  and  then  she  can  have  the  rest  of  the  day  to  look  for 
employment  outside.  Sometimes  such  women  stay  for  a  week  or  two  weeks 
before  they  find  work,  and  they  are  made  to  feel  at  home  during  that  time. 
In  what  is  called  the  "Industrial  School,"  young  girls — or  women  who 
seriously  desire  to  learn — are  taken,  and,  while  kept  as  inmates  of  the  home 
for  such  time  as.  would  be  required,  are  taught  sewing  and  housekeeping. 
The  children  in  the  home  are  mostly  those  who  have  been  abandoned  by  their 
parents  and  picked  up  by  the  officers  of  the  Humane  Society.  They  come, 
of  course,  in  different  ways,  but  criminal  neglect  by  their  parents  is  the 
usual  cause  of  their  suffering.  Children  under  nine  months  are  not  received 
at  this  institution.  But  those  above  that  age,  up  to  six  or  seven  years,  can 
be  found  running  around  their  nurseries  and  play-rooms  with  as  much  vigor 
and  heartiness  as  if  the  world  belonged  to  them.  When  a  child  first  appears 
at  the  home,  it  is  the  invariable  rule  that  it  shall  be  sent  to  quarantine 
quarters,  at  the  top  of  the  building,  for  fourteen  days.  There  is  scarcely 
ever  any  sickness  in  this  quarantine,  but  considering  the  places  from  which 
most  of  the  children  are  brought,  it  is  considered  prudent  to  isolate  them. 


184  (J(  IDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

After  the  two  weeks' purification  process,  the  managers  of  the  institution  try 
to  find  a  permanent  home  for  the  waifs,  and,  if  they  are  not  claimed  by 
parents  or  guardians  before  six  montha,  an  officer  of  the  home  goes  before  a 
judge  and  is  appointed  the  legal  guardian.  The  parents  or  guardians  also 
may  voluntarily  surrender  all  right  to  a  child,  after  which  it  becomes  the 
ward  of  the  home,  and  at  the  earliest  opportunity  is  placed  out  with 
respectable  people,  on  trial  for  three  months.  If  such  trial  proves  agreeable, 
both  for  child  and  caretakers,  the  little  one  is  usually  adopted  and  becomes 
"  part  of  the  family."  Visitors  are  always  welcome  between  the  hours  of  10 
A.  M.  and  noon,  and  1  and  4 p.  M. 

Home  for  the  Jews. — Organized  in  1891.  Large  endowments  have  been 
received  by  this  projected  institution.  It  is  not  yet  fully  established.  The 
directory  is  composed  of:  Mrs.  M.  A.  Meyer,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Schwab,  Mrs. 
H.  Klopfer,  Mrs.  Dora  Frank,  Mrs.  Louis  Newberger,  Mrs.  B.  J.  David,  Mrs. 
Emma  Stern,  Mrs.  Max  Hart,  Mrs.  Julia  Bernheimer,  Morris  Rosenbaum, 
Abram  Slimmer,  Nelson  Morris,  II.  A.  Kohn,  H.  L.  Frank,  B.  Kuppen- 
heimer,  J.  Rosenbaum,  Simon  Mandel,  B.  Lowenthal,  B.  Calm,  Harry  Hart, 
Moses  Born,  H.  E.  Greenbaum,  A.  Kuh,  E.  Frankenthal,  D.  A.  Kohn. 

Home  of  Industry. — Located  at  234  and  236  Honore  street,  West  Bide. 
Take  Van  Buren  street  car.  William  S.  Potwin,  president;  Albert  M.  Day, 
treasurer;  Charles  M.  Howe,  secretary;  B.  M.  Butler,  Albert  M.  Day,  Thomas 
Kane.  William  S.  Potwin,  Charles  M.  Howe,  Mrs.  T.  B.  Carse,  Joseph  B. 
Locke  and  H.  J.  Coon,  directors;  A.  C.  Dodds,  superintendent.  The  Home 
of  Industry  was  organized  by  Michael  Dunn,  a  reformed  criminal,  who  had 
spent  over'thirty  years  of  his  life  in  penal  institutions  all  over  the  world. 
Dunn's  history  as  a  criminal  is  somewhat  interesting.  He  is  a  native  of  Eng- 
land and  was  born  and  reared  a  criminal.  When  only  seven  years  old  Dunn 
was  first  consigned  to  prison  for  a  petty  theft  of  which  he  was  convicted. 
Imprisonment  seemed  to  do  him  no  good,  and  up  to  the  time  he  was  thirty 
years  old  be  had  been  confined  in  prison  half  a  dozen  times  and  had  been 
sent  to  various  English  penal  settlements,  but  always  returned  to  his  old 
tricks.  Finally,  the  English  government  paid  his  passage  to  America  to 
get  rid  of  him,  and  he  began  in  this  country  the  same  career  that  had  caused 
him  so  much  trouble  in  the  land  from  which  he  had  been  driven.  He  was 
frequently  in  pr'son  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  finally,  about 
ten  years  ago,  after  spending  almost  his  entire  life  in  penal  servitude  in  both 
hemispheres,  he  became  reformed  and  started  out  to  aid  and  better  the  rest 
of  the  class  which  he  had  left.  Dunn  is  now  about  sixty  years  old.  He  has 
the  look  of  a  criminal,  and  most  people  would  hardly  believe  that  he  could 
e  anything  else,  but  those  who  know  him  best  and  have  been  brought  into 
contact  with  him  through  the  founding  of  these  places  of  refuge  do  not 
doubt  his  complete  reformation.  When  at  last  Dunn  did  see  "the  error  of 
his  way, "he  conceived  the  idea  of  providing  homes  for  discharged  crimi- 
nals, where  they  might  retire  till  an  opportunity  was  afforded  to  earn  an  hon- 
est living.  The  first  refuge  he  instituted  was  in  New  York.  He  then  went 
to  San  Francisco  and  started  another.  He  then  founded  the  one  here  in  Chi- 
cago and  afterward  another  in  Detroit.  There  are  at  present  in  the  Chicago 
Home  of  Industry  about  a  dozen  convicts.  The  average  term  of  their  retire- 
ment there  is  about  two  weeks.  In  connection  with  the  institution  is  a 
broom  factory,  where  every  one  who  is  taken  in  has  to  earn  his  living  or  do 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

"THE  TEMPLE"— LA  SALLE  AND  MONROE  STREET^ 

[See  "  Guide."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  185 

as  much  towards  it  as  he  can.  The  Institution  is  not  self-supporting  and  has 
to  depend  quite  largely  on  public  charity.  Most  of  the  inmates  of  the  place 
come  from  Joliet  and  Michigan  City,  the  nearest  prisons  to  thin  city,  but  the 
place  has  been  a  refuge  for  prisoners  from  most  every  penal  institution  in  the 
country.  Superintendent  Dodds  usually  receives  from  most  oZ  the  prisons 
a  monthly  discharge  list.  To  prisoners  Wr>  are  aoout  to  ue  set  at  liberty  he 
sends  circulars  telling  of  therefugo  and  u.e  advantages  to  bo  found  in  it. 
No  convicts  are  received  except  on  recommendation  ^f  tin  rTardon  or  chap- 
lain of  the  prison  in  which  they  were  last  confined,  unless  ';•  7  con  convince 
the  superintendent  of  a  desire  to  reform  and  lead  a  better  1'ue.  Everyone 
who  stays  there  must  do  something  toward  his  own  support,  ruid  all  who 
enter  must  work  or  go  elsewhere.  The  aid  and  influence  of  the  superintend- 
ent are  extended  to  all  of  them  who  seek  honest  employment,  and  any 
inmate  desiring  to  seek  work  outside  is  allowed  half  a  day  each.  week,  or 
more,  at  the  discretion  of  the  management.  The  ex-convicts  arc  not  encour- 
aged to  stay,  but,  on  the  contrary,  are  given  all  possible  assistance  in  finding 
work  outside. 

The  institution  enforces  a  set  of  rules  for  the  conduct  of  the  inmates  of 
the  home.  They  are  required  to  be  particular  as  to  personal  cleanliness. 
Total  abstinence  from  intoxicants  has  to  be  observed.  Smoking  is  permitted 
only  in  certain  places,  and  profane  language  is  not  tolerated.  A  rising  and 
a  breakfast  bell  are  rung,  and  inmates  are  required  to  be  in  bed  at  10 o'clock. 
Every  inmate  is  charged  with  the  care  of  his  own  room,  and  all  are  required 
to  attend  morning  and  evening  prayers  unless  excused  by  the  superintendent. 
Any  violation  of  the  rules  subjects  the  offender  to  immediate  dismissal. 
Only  men  are  received  in  the  home.  They  are  taught  wayo  of  frugality, 
industry  and  economy,  and  most  of  them  are  susceptible  to  those  teachings.  A 
record  is  kept  of  the  life  of  every  man  who  enters  the  place,  but  that  record 
is  an  inviolable  secret  to  all  but  the  superintendent.  After  the  name  of  each 
candidate  are  made  entries  about  his  marital  condition,  his  parentage,  his 
birthplace,  his  religion,  the  prison  in  which  he  was  last  confined,  the  length 
of  his  sentence,  his  education  and  occupation,  the  crime  for  which  he  was 
convicted  and  its  cause.  A  page  of  Superintendent  Dodds'  book  of  record 
is  a  most  eloquent  temperance  lecture.  Drink  has  led  most  of  his  boarders 
into  trouble,  though  their  detention  in  prison  can  be  traced  back  to  all  kinds 
of  vice.  Many  of  the  younger  ones  assign  bad  company  as  the  cause  of  their 
downfall;  others  have  gambled  themselves  into  theft;  still  others  have  been 
educated  as  criminals,  and  a  few  state  that  it  is  their  natural  inclination  to 
steal.  The  column  of  Mr.  Dodds'  book  which  keeps  the  record  of  all  dis- 
missals from  the  Home  is  interesting.  In  it  are  to  be  found  such  entries  as 
"  found  good  employment  as  a  harness-maker;"  "a  hypocritical  thief, 
bounced  without inercy ; "  "found  good  position,  clear  case  of  conversion; " 
' '  went  out  to  look  for  work,  lost  on  the  way  back ; "  "  went  home  to  friends;" 
"put  out  for  lying; "  "  left  to  go  wandering,"  and  many  others  of  the  same 
kind.  Every  man  is  paid  for  his  work  in  the  place  from  the  time  he  enters, 
according  to  the  degree  of  proficiency  he  has  acquired.  Many  of  them  turn 
out  well  and  return  to  their  homes  to  lead  honest  lives.  Mr.  Dodds  is  con- 
stantly receiving  letters  from  such  men,  thanking  him  for  the  benefits  of  the 
institution. 

Home  of  Providence.—  Located  at  Calumet  ave.  and  Twenty-sixth  St., 
adjoining  Mercy  Hospital.  Take  Cottage  Grove  cable  line.  An  institution 
for  the  care  and  protection  of  young  women.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of 
Mercy.  Sister  Mary  M.  Angela,  superior. 


186  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Home  of  the  Aged. — Located  at  West  Harrison  and  Throop  streets.  Take 
West  Harrison  street  car.  Conducted  by  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  who 
depend  for  the  maintenance  of  the  institution  entirely  upon  the  alms  which 
they  solicit.  The  building  is  a  veiy  large,  plain,  brick  structure  arid  is  gen- 
erally crowded  with  inmates,  whose  ages  vary  between  60  and  100  years. 
It  is  a  worthy  charity  and  the  Little  Sisters,  who  have  a  method  of  seeking 
alms  peculiar  to  themselves  are  generally  popular  among  the  business  people, 
of  the  city,  who  give  them  liberal  Contributions.  They  never  beg,  simply 
stating  who  and  what  they  are  and  If  an  unfavorable  response  is  given 
they  walk  silently  away,  withrut .  laldng  further  appeal.  The  Little  Sisters 
are  a  French  order.  They  1\ave  'A7O  institutions  in  the  city. 

House  of  The  Good  Shepherd.  -^Located  at  North  Market  and  Hill  sts. 
Take  Market  st.  car.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  the  Good  Shepherd 
— Superior,  Mother  Plary  \ngeliquc.  This  institution  is  a  haven  and  a 
reformatory  for  fallen  women  desiring  to  rise  out  of  their  condition,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  extensive  M  well  ac  one  of  the  most  useful  charities  in  the 
city. 

Hull  House. — Hull  House  is  the  title  by  which  is  known  a  social  settle- 
ment of  women  established  at  335  So.  Halsted  street  Its  purpose  is  to  fur- 
ish  an  intellectual  and  social  center  for  the  surrounding  neighborhood.  There 
is  no  organization,  and  the  residents  pay  their  own  expenses.  Miss  Culver, 
the  owner  of  the  property,  gives  the  rent,  and  various  friends  furnish  a  small 
fund  for  contingent  expenses.  Mr.  Edward  Butler  has  erected  a  tire-proof 
art  building  in  which  are  an  art  exhibit  room,  a  studio  and  a  station  of  the 
free  public  library.  Hull  House  carries  on  a  free  kindergarten  composed 
largely  of  Italian  children.  In  a  separate  cottage  is  a  day  nursery  where 
mothers,  who  are  obliged  to  work  away  from  home,  may  bring  their  children 
to  be  cared  for  and  fed  during  the  day  for  a  charge  of  five  cents  each.  A 
well  equipped  diet  kitchen  furnishes  specially  prepared  food  for  the  sick, 
which  is  sold  at  the  cost  of  the  material,  or,  if  necessary,  given  away  upon 
recommendation  of  the  visiting  district  nurse.  A  free  gymnasium  is  now 
opfn  which  is  used  three  evenings  in  the  week  by  men  and  boys,  and  three 
evenings  by  women  and  girls.  There  are  various  free  afternoon  sewing 
classes  for  girls,  and  clubs  for  small  boys,  and  evening  social  and  literary 
clubs  for  girls  and  young  men.  Weekly  free  concerts  or  lectures  are  held  to 
which  all  who  vibit  the  House  are  invited.  Five  evenings  in  the  week  College 
Extension  courses  are  given  for  which  a  fee  of  fifty  cents  per  course  of 
twelve  weeks  is  charged.  The  average  number  of  students  in  these  classes  is 
about  "175,  while  the  total  average  number  of  persons  who  visit  the  House 
weekly  to  attend  the  various  classes  and  clubs  is  about  800. 

Margaret  Etter  C;\' :hc  7%nflergc;'ten. — Located  at  2356  Wabash  avenue. 
Take  Wabash  avenue  cabb  line.  Established  August  3,  1885.  One  of  the 
noblest  charities  in  "lie  city.  cares  for  the  ch'ldren  of  mothers  who  are 
compelled  to  work  owl  Jos  ~  "r  ing.  T'xc  -ttendance  for  the  five  years  of  the 
creche's  existence  show.?-  a :  ir,r.  ;lous  •  ffth-.  August,  1885,  to  October,  1886, 
2,136;  October  1,  1386, to  G'cto:  :r  1,  188r.  i),C6L ;  October  1,  1887,  to  October 
1,  1888,  3,562;  October  1,  13d8.  to  OC;A>*O::  1,  1  89,  4,253;  October  1,  1889,  to 
October  1,  1890,  '^,592.  But  t^e  ex  ens^"  d.  not  show  a  commensurate 
increase,  being  as  follows:  First  ye*-,  3?.,?l.\48;  second  year,  $1.383.84; 
third  year,  $1,375.7  ),  fourth  year,  $1,  9  .5r  iiff  year,  $2,007.16.  Besides 
the  day  nursery  a  kindergarten  's  carri  •  1  c  -,  ?iit  it  in  no  way  counts  on  the 
treasury  of  the  creche.  The  assistance  of  charitably-inclined  people  is 
necessary  to  the  maintenance  of  the  ;recho. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  18t 

Masonic  Orphans'  Home. — Located  at  447  Carroll  ave.  and  Sheldon  st. 
Cares  for  about  thirty  children,  but  has  accommodation  for  about  seventy -five, 
and  is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions  from  city  and  State. 

Newsboys'  and  Bootblacks'  Home. — Located  at  1418  Wabash  ave.  W.  H. 
Rand,  president;  E.  P.  Bailey,  auditor;  H.  N.  Higinbotham,  treasurer; 
James  Frake,  secretary  ;  Eliza  W.  Bowman,  matron.  Board  of  directors  :  A. 
C.  Bartlett,  H.  N.  Higinbotham,  Wm.  H.  Rand,  James  Frake, FrankP.  Lef- 
fingwell,  A.  P.  Millar,  Edward  P.  Bailey,  J.  K.  Stearns,  Melville  E.  Stone, 
Wm.  K.  Ackerman.  Lady  managers :  Mrs.  T.  W.  Baxter,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Stone, 
Mrs.  M.  E.  Clark,  Mrs.  Jas.  Frake,  Mrs.  J.  L.  Lombard,  Mrs.  A.  P.  Millar, 
Miss  Abbey  Pierce,  Mrs.  Robt.  A.  Williams,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Stirling.  Take 
Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  This  institution  has  been  in  existence  over 
twenty-three  years.  It  had  its  inception  in  the  Chicago  Industrial  School 
from  which  a  charter  was  obtained  in  1867,  theincorporators  being  Jonathan 
Burr,  John  V.  Farwell,  William  Blair,  William  E.  Doggett,  J.  Y.  Scammon,  C. 
G.  Wicker,  Eli  Bates,  Philo  Carpenter,  J.S.  Reynolds  and  E.F.  Dickinson.  This 
industrial  school  was  very  soon  merged  into  the  home  and  was  the  first 
movement  to  assist  helpless  street  children  in  Chicago.  The  object  of  the 
institution  is  "to  provide  a  good  Christian  hcme  for  newsboys  and  boot- 
blacks and  other  unprotected  homeless  boys.  Also  to  aid  them  in  finding 
homes  and  employment  in  either  city  or  country."  While  the  doors  of  the 
home  have  always  been  open  and  a  requestfor  shelter  and  food  has  been  all 
thnt  was  necessary  to  obtain  admittance,  in  order  to  foster  independence  and 
self-help  the  small  sum  of  15c.  is  charged  for  supper,  breakfast  and  lodging. 
If,  however,  a  boy  is  not  able  to  pay  "  banner,"  as  all  charges  for  entertain- 
ment are  called  by  street  boys,  he  is  still  entertained.  Provision  is  made  for 
destitute  boys  by  giving  them  work  and  small  amount  of  money  for  starts  by 
which  they  are  able  to  earn  what  is  required  for  their  immediate  living 
expenses.  The  Newsboys'  Appeal,  a  small  paper  published  in  the  interests  of 
the  Home,  giving  inside  news,  etc. 

Although  the  Home  is  not  entirely  self-supporting,  there  is  no  soliciting 
done  in  its  interests.  Previous  to  the  fire,  a  lot  on  Quincy  street  was  given  to 
the  Home  upon  which  a  small  building  was  erected.  After  the  fire,  through 
the  assistance  of  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  a  brick  building  was  built, 
which,  together  with  the  lot,  was  later  sold  to  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  for 
commercial  purposes  for  $50,000.  The  directors  bought  the  present  location 
out  of  the  amount  and  the  balance  Is  used  for  current  expenses. 

The  rules  of  the  institution  are  simple,  and  are  onlysuch  as  are  necessary 
to  the  well-being  of  the  boys — and  a  wise,  kindly,  personal  interest  is  taken  in 
every  boy  who  is  sheltered  there — although  they  are  constantly  coming  and 
going,  and  an  average  of  something  more  than  a  thousand  are  entertained 
each  year.  A  careful  record  of  every  boy  who  is  taken  into  the  institution  Is 
kept,  together  with  as  much  of  his  history  as  can  be  obtained, and  these  records 
are  replete  with  the  pathetic  results  of  human  selfishness.  No  insignificant 
number  of  these  boys  have  parents  living  who  are  comfortably  off,  but,  hav- 
ing been  divorced,  each  has  married  again,  and  with  one  accord  refused  to 
care  for  their  child,  who,  of  ton  at  a  tender  age,  was  obliged  to  shift  for  him- 
self, and  so  drifted  into  this  haven  for  destitute,  forsaken  boys.  There  are 
others  who  have  never  knowjn  their  parents,  and  still  others  whose  parents 
are  drunken,  shiftless,  ' '  ne'er-do-wells,"  and  a  few  who  have  run  away  from 


188  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

home  for  one  cause  or  another.  These  last  are  induced,  if  possible,  to  return 
to  their  homes,  and  their  parents  are  communicated  with,  but  no  boy  is 
refused  shelter  and  food,  whatever  the  cause  for  which  he  stands  in  need 
of  it. 

There  is  a  night  school  four  evenings  in  a  week  from  7:30  to  9  o'clock 
which  the  boys  are  required  to  attend,  and,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable, 
other  instruction  is  provided.  The  institution  is  intended  for  a  temporary 
home,  the  chief  aim  being  to  provide  permanent  employment  for  the  boys 
who  come  there  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  management  of  the  Home 
co-operates  with  the  Humane  Society  and  other  kindred  organizations,  and  in 
this  way  keeps  pretty  thoroughly  informed  in  regard  to  homeless  boys. 

Miss  Eliza  W.  Bowman,  who  has  been  the  matron  of  the  Home  for  the 
past  seven  years,  is  a  person  admirably  fitted  for  the  difficult  position  which 
she  fills  with  apparent  ease  and  with  satisfaction  to  all  concerned.  She  is  in 
hearty  sympathy  with  the  boys,  and  believes  unswervingly  that  a  good  and 
useful  life  is  possible  to  most  of  them.  It  was  through  an  experiment  tried  by 
Miss  Bowman  that  a  somewhat  new  departure  is  being  carried  out  at  the 
Home.  She  found  that  the  larger  boys  are  often  in  a  more  unfortunate  con- 
dition than  the  smaller  ones,  and  that  often  their  greatest  need  is  means  to 
get  on  while  they  are  making  a  start.  She  therefore  resolved  to  undertake 
herself  to  make  several  of  these  boys  presentable,  assist  them  in  getting  places 
to  work  and  furnish  them  funds,  as  a  loan,  until  such  time  as  they  should  be 
paid  for  their  work.  The  boys  proved  honest  and  industrious,  with  scarcely 
an  exception,  and  the  plan  was  a  success.  Miss  Bowman  reported  the  result 
of  her  experiment  to  the  managing  board,  which  approved  this  method  of 
assisting  the  boys  and  made  it  a  part  of  the  work  of  the  Home.  In  this  con- 
nection Miss  Bowman  makes  an  interesting  statement  which  is  full  of  hope 
for  the  philanthropist.  She  says  that  when  once  a  boy  has  become  self- 
supporting  and  has  tasted  the  pleasure  of  honest  independence  he  is  rarely 
ever  willing  again  to  take  to  the  street  life  which,  as  a  rule,  he  is  obliged  to 
adopt  in  his  early  struggle  for  existence. 

The  Home,  which  is  located  at  1418  '''abash  avenue,  is  one  of  the 
few  places  where  a  boy  can  go  to  make  himself  tidy  and  get  a  clean  shirt, 
If  need  be,  in  the  city.  The  dean  shirt  is  always  on  call,  and  partly  worn 
garments  of  this  kind  are  accepted  with  enthusiasm  at  the  Home.  Indeed, 
Miss  Bowman  prefers  the  shirt  which  has  been  worn,  as  one  that  is  quite  new 
the  boys  are  likely  to  sell  for  what  they  can  get  for  it,  as  when  they  first 
come  to  the  Home  they  are  quite  likely  to  consider  it  an  extravagance  to  wear 
anything  which  can  be  exchanged  for  money. 

Odd  Fellows'  Orphans'  Home. — Located  at  Lincoln,  111.,  156  miles  south  of 
Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  or  Illinois  Central  train  This  is  an  insti- 
tution forthe  orphan  children,  male  and  female,  of  Odd  Fellows.  Buildings 
erected  on  a  site  presented  by  citizens  of  Lincoln.  Corner-stone  laid  April 
26,  1891. 

Old  People's  Home. — Indiana  ave.  and  Thirty-ninth  st.  Take  Indiana 
ave.  car  on  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Founded  about  thirty  years  ago  by  a 
humble  seamstress,  who  resided  on  Third  ave.  She  had  accumulated  a  little 
money  and  bought  her  a  home.  She  found  hen-elf  growing  old,  and  belong- 
ing to  that  respectable  legion  designated  "  the  old  maids,"  without  immediate 
family,  conceived  the  laudable  idea  of  establishing  some  institution  or  home 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  189 

that  would  assist  in  alleviating  the  sorrows  and  sufferings  she  saw  about  her. 
This  ambition  she  laid  before  her  pastor,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Boyd,  and  acting  under 
his  advice  a  home  was  established  for  the  care  of  indigent  old  ladies.  They 
first  occupied  a  small  frame  house  near  the  home  of  this  kind-hearted  woman. 
She  was  made  matron  and  Dr.  Boyd  first  president.  It  was  not  long  until 
the  public  was  interested  in  Samantha  Smith  and  her  humble  charity.  Find- 
ing after  the  first  few  years  the  cramped  quarters  of  so  small  a  house  inade- 
quate, Miss  Smith  gave  up  her  own  more  commodious  dwelling,  together  with 
its  entire  furnishings,  for  the  uses  of  the  institution,  and  its  charges  were 
transferred  thereto  without  delay.  Miss  Smith  continued  for  some  years 
longer  as  matron  and  then,  for  reasons  not  explained,  retired  from  the  duties. 
From  Third  ave.  the  Old  Ladies'  Home  removed  to  Indiana  ave.,  near  Twenty- 
sixth  St.,  where  it  occupied  an  old  frame  building  for  several  years.  After 
the  great  fire  it  received  from  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  the  sum  of  $50,000, 
which  was  used  as  the  nucleus  of  a  building  fund,  and  the  latter  part  of  1873 
found  them  established  in  their  present  commodious  home.  Later  on  the 
vacant  lots  between  them  and  the  corner  of  Thirty-ninth  st.  were  purchased, 
thus  adding  158x100  feet  to  their  property.  This  donation  from  the  Relief 
and  Aid  Society  was  given  under  the  conditions  that  the  name  should  be 
changed  to  read ' '  The  Old  People's  Home,"  and  indigent  old  gentlemen  were  to 
be  admitted  as  well  as  ladies,  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  to  have  control  of 
twenty  rooms  for  the  benefit  of  its  own  pi*  eges.  Old  gentlemen  have  never 
as  yet  been  admitted,  although  it  was  intended,  some  time  ago,  to  build  at 
the  north  end  of  the  home  building  a  wing  or  addition  especially  for  them. 
The  management  does  not  consider  this  idea  feasible,  however,  and  the  old 
gentlemen's  home  will  be  located  farther  out,  where  they  may  have  vegetable 
and  flower  gardens  and  trees  and  plants  to  cultivate.  This  institution,  in 
common  with  many  others  of  our  city  charities,  is  an  heir  of  the  late  John 
Crerar  and  receives  by  his  munificence  an  addition  of  $50,000  to  their  funds. 
There  are  at  present  sixty-eight  inmates,  so  that  the  capacity  is  very  nearly 
reached.  The  rooms  pertaining  to  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  are  always  occu- 
pied, admittance  to  them  being  absolutely  free.  Of  all  other  inmates  an  ad- 
mission fee  of  $300  is  charged,  the  applicant  being  required  to  furnish  her 
own  room.  They  first  enter  upon  six  months'  probation,  and  if  the  board  of 
managers  for  any  reason  should  not  deem  it  expedient  to  make  them  perma- 
nent inmates  the -honorarium  or  admission  fee  paid  will  be  returned,  less  $3 
per  week  for  each  week  she  has  been  an  inmate.  Each  applicant  is  visited 
at  her  abiding  place  by  a  special  committee,  and  all  particulars  of  her  needs 
and  deserts  investigated  before  her  application  is  brought  before  the  board  of 
managers.  Applicants  admitted  must  be  absolutely  eligible  in  every  particu- 
lar. She  must  be  at  least  45  years  of  age  and  of  good  character,  and  must  be 
able  to  show  that  she  has  no  adequate  means  of  support ;  she  must  have  been 
a  resident  of  Chicago  for  the  two  previous  years,  and  if  she  has  children  who 
are  able  to  support  her  she  can  not  be  admitted.  While  the  rules  governing 
the  domestic  life  of  the  home  are  of  necessity  enforced  upon  all  alike,  they  are 
so  kindly  intentioned  th  at  obedience  sits  but  lightly  upon  the  reasoning  member 
who  appreciates  the  perfect  harmony  the  regulations  insure.  Yet  the  man- 
agement of  sixty-eight  old  people,  whose  habits  and  natures  are  their  own  and 
unchangeable,  is  quite  different  from  governing  an  institution  given  over  to 
children,  whose  plastic  minds  conform  easily  to  environment.  It  is  quite 
singular  that  the  youngest  matron  in  the  city  should  be  found  in  charge  of 
the  oldest  people. 


190  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Pioneer  Aid  and  Support  Association. — This  society  was  organized  to 
support  the  families  of  those  executed  for  participation  In  the  Haymarket 
massacre  and  those  who  are  now  at  Joliet. 

School  for  Deaf  and  Dumb. — Located  at  409  May  street,  West  Side.  Con- 
ducted by  the  religious  of  the  Holy  Heart  of  Mary  and  supported  by  the  Eph- 
pheta  Society;  Mrs.  John  Cudahy,  president.  Following  are  the  directresses: 
Mesdames  John  Cudahy,  R.  P.  Travers,  N.  S.  Jones,  W.  F.  McLaughlin, 
Starr,  J.  B.  Sullivan,  James  Eagle,  Thomas  Duffy,  J.  J.  Egan,  M.  Cudahy, 
McLaughlin,  J.A.  Mulligan,  J.  H.  Drury,  J.  B.  Inderrieden,  Z.  P.  Brosseau, 
W.  A.  Amberg,  M.  Shields,  E.  A.  Matthiessen,  James  Walsh,  A.  W.  Green, 
M.  Sullivan,  F.  Henrotin,  Morris  Sellers,  W.  J.  Quan,  Thos.  Lonergan,  W.  P. 
Rend.  The  average  number  of  deaf  mutes  in  the  school  is  about  fifty,  and 
four  experienced  teachers  are  employed.  Mrs.  John  Cudahy  has  devoted  a 
great  deal  of  her  time  to  this  noble  charity,  as  have  also  the  other  ladies 
named. 

Servite  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls. — Located  at  1396  W.  Van 
Buren  street.  Take  Van  Buren  street  car  or  Madison  street  cable  line.  An  insti- 
tution for  the  care,  protection  and  training  of  girls  who  have  no  homes  or 
homes  unfit  for  them.  Conducted  by  the  Servile  Sisters  of  Mary.  Superior, 
Mother  Mary  Francis. 

Soldiers'  Home  Fund. — This  fund  amounts  to  about  $70,000  and  is  the  bal- 
ance left  from  the  result  of  the  great  Sanitary  Fair  held  in  Chicago  during 
the  early  part  of  the  war.  With  the  money  then  raised  was  established  a 
soldiers' rest  or  home,  where  troops  going  to  the  front  from  the  Northwest 
might  be  fed,  and,  if  necessary,  housed.  It  was  a  hospital,  too,  for  the 
wounded  and  sick  who  came  back  from  the  campaigns  they  had  made.  The 
first  home  was  in  an  old  hotel  at  No.  75  Randolph  street.  The  association 
was  incorporated  and  bought  property  at  Thirty-fifth  street  and  the  lake, 
where  the  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  now  stands.  Here  a  house  was 
built.  Ladies  canvassed  the  city  for  $1  subscriptions  and  raised  a  large  sum 
in  this  way.  Mrs.  Bristol,  who  is  still  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  the  associa- 
tion, canvassed  the  whole  of  the  North  Side,  then  a  series  of  scattering  vil- 
lages. The  Thirty -fifth  street  property  was  sold,  a  block  bought  in  South 
Evanston,  and  a  house  built  with  part  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale.  Some  of 
the  money  was  loaned  on  property  on  the  North  Side,  and  the  rest  on  a  block 
on  State  street,  near  Archer  avenue.  The  mortgages  on  both  pieces  of  prop- 
erty had  to  be  foreclosed,  and  the  association  still  owns  the  State  street  prop- 
erty. That  on  the  North  Side  was  sold,  and  the  money  is  now  loaned  out  at 
interest.  When  the  Government  had  established  soldiers'  homes  there  was 
no  longer  a  necessity  for  maintaining  the  one  here.  The  property  was 
therefore  sold  and  the  proceeds  converted  into  a  relief  fund. 

This  fund  has  remained  intact.  It  has  not  increased,  because  its  entire 
revenue  has  been  expended  in  relieving  those  who  were  worthy  of  relief. 
Not  one  dollar  of  the  fund  has  ever  been  devoted  to  any  other  purpose,  except 
that  annually  $100  is  paid  for  the  use  of  a  room  in  which  to  disburse  the 
money  and  for  the  services  of  a  clerk.  The  officers  of  the  association  have  not 
made  a  charge  of  even  so  much  as  five  cents  for  street-carfare,  although  they 
regularly  and  systematically  visit  their  pensioners  and  devote  much  time  and 
labor  to  their  work.  Each  month  they  pay  out  about  $800,  the  number  of 
recipients  of  their  bounty  varying  from  sixty  to  seventy-five. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  191 

The  first  president  of  the  board  of  managers  was  T.  B.  Bryan.  He  still 
occupies  this  office.  Mrs.  L.  H.  Bristol,  who  disburses  the  fund,  also  enlisted 
in  1861,  and  has  not  yet  been  mustered  out.  Mrs.  William  H.  Myrick  and 
Mrs.  Dr.  Blain,  of  Hyde  Park,  are  the  only  other  members  of  the  first  board 
who  still  hold  their  positions.  The  treasurer  of  the  fund  is  Mrs.  J.  S.  Lewis. 
Other  members  of  the  board  of  managers  are  Mrs.  Brayman,  Mrs.  Dr.  Ham- 
mell,  Miss  Blakey,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Justice  Brad  well,  General  Bever- 
idge.  and  Mr.  Henry  Bacon,  the  secretary.  The  first  Saturday  of  every 
month  Mrs.  Bristol,  the  disbursing  officer  of  the  board,  goes  to  the  roomscif 
the  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  to  hold  her  reception .  She  finds  waiting 
for  her  a  room  full  of  the  expectant  callers.  As  they  come  in  they  are  given 
numbered  tickets  fixing  the  order  in  which  they  shall  go  to  the  table  behind 
a  screen  and  receive  from  Mrs.  Bristol  the  $2,  $5,  or  $10,  or  whatever  sum 
the  case  calls  for.  Very  few  receive  as  much  as  $10. 

St.  Joseph's  Asylum  for  Boys. — Located  on  Crawford  avenue,  between  W. 
Diversy  street  and  Belmont  avenue.  Take  Milwaukee  avenue  car. 

St.  Joseph's  Home.  —Located  at  409  S.  May  street,  West  Side.  Take  Blue 
Island  avenue  or  Twelfth  street  car.  The  principal  object  of  this  institution 
is  to  afford  a  protecting  home  for  respectable  young  girls  out  of  employment, 
until  such  time  as  suitable  positions  are  secured  for  them,  either  as  domes- 
tics, sales  ladies,  cashiers,  book-keepers,  librarians,  etc.  The  terms  for  board 
are  regulated  according  to  the  accommodations  required,  ranging  in  price 
from  $2  to  $5  per  week.  There  are  a  number  of  private  rooms  in  the  build- 
ing, affording  nice  accommodationsto  thoseyoung  ladies  who  are  employed  in 
various  occupations  down  town  and  who  appreciate  the  quiet  rest  their  retreat 
here  affords  them  after  the  labors  and  bustle  of  the  day.  The  building  affords 
accommodations  for  over  200  persons  and  is  most  conveniently  and  comfortably 
arranged.  Ladies  who  remain  here  find  accommodations  superior  to  those 
afforded  in  hotels  at  a  very  high  figure,  not- at  all  taking  into  consideration 
the  home-like  quietness  they  enjoy,  and  the  many  spiritual  advantages 
besides.  The  institution  is  self-supporting. 

St.  Joseph's  Female  Orphan  Asylum. — His  Grace,  the  Most  Reverend 
Archbishop,  gives  this  institution  his  especial  attention.  It  is  conducted  by 
the  Sisters  of  the  Congregation  of  St.  Joseph,  whose  mother  home  is  in 
South  St.  bouis,  Mo. 

Since  1871,  it  is  located  on  Thirty-fifth  street  and  Lake  avenue,  and  was 
founded  in  1864.  From  the  inception,  the  management  has  not  ceased  to 
carry  out  its  true  object;  that  of  training  and  educating  destitute,  homeless 
children.  The  average  number  of  inmates  is  220.  The  asylum  has  no  endow- 
ments and  nothing  in  the  treasury;  and  it  is  only  by  the  most  pinching  econ- 
omy that  the  Sisters  are  enabled  to  make  both  ends  meet.  To  the  generosity 
of  Archbishop  Feehan  and  a  few  benefactors  who  give  constant  assistance, 
the  institution  derives  its  main  support.  The  children,  as  is  usually  under- 
stood, have  been  deprived  of  one  or  both  parents,  and  are  dependent  on  the 
charitable  for  their  instruction  and  happiness.  In  order  to  prepare  the  chil- 
dren for  a  life  of  usefulness,  the  Sisters  endeavor  to  train  them  in  household 
economy,  which  will  enable  them  to  be  successful  and  happy  in  whatever 
station  of  life  they  may  have  to  fill.  The  duty  in  asslstingin  different  parts  of 
the  house  is  assigned  to  each  child  according  to  her  age.  These  duties  are 


192  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

changed  occasionally,  giving  eveiy  child  by  this  means  a  knowledge  of  the 
necessity  of  order,  cleanliness,  economy  and  care  in  different  kinds  of  house- 
work. Their  work  consists  of  washing  dishes  sweeping  and  dusting  in  dor- 
mitories, refectory,  kitchen,  halls,  staircases  and  laundry.  They  also  have 
every  afternoon  several  sewing  classes.  The  larger  girls  learn  to  make  their 
dresses  and  other  industries,  the  second  size  make  the  underwear  for  their  use 
and  mend  their  clothes.  Being  taught  to  sew,  they  are  furnished  a  means  for 
the  future  by  which  they  can  save  their  earnings  by  doing  their  own  sewing. 
Another  source  of  improvement  and  recreation  is  the  library,  which  contains 
a  number  of  volumes  and  is  open  to  their  use  on  Sunday.  When  a  child  is 
received,  she  is  immediately  taken  to  the  bath-room,  where  she  is  thoroughly 
bathed  and  supplied  with  clean  garments.  A  number  is  given  her,  whichshe 
will  find  on  every  article  for  her  use,  that  she  may  thus  distinguish  her  comb, 
towel,  handkerchiefs,  hose,  books,  etc.,  from  those  used  by  her  companions. 
Those  who  bring  their  own  clothing  to  the  institution  are  allowed  to  wear  it. 
The  children  are  frequently  adopted  by  good  families  or  are  sent  out  into 
others  to  work,  while  it  is  understood  that  they  are  to  be  reared  in  a  respect- 
able manner.  A  glance  into  the  daily  routine  will  probably  give  a  better 
idea  of  the  management  of  the  institution.  At  5:30  o'clock  A.  M.  a  sister 
awakens  the  children,  who  are  to  assist  at  Mass  celebrated  in  the  asylum, 
which  commences  about  6;20  o'clock.  Shortly  after  Mass  they  repair  to  the 
refectory  for  breakfast.  After  breakfast  all  go  to  the  different  duties  which 
have  been  assigned  them,  in  the  dormitories,  school  rooms,  play  room,  etc. 
Tne  younger  children  go  directly  to  the  wash  room,  where  they  are  combed, 
washed  and  have  their  clean  aprons  put  on  for  school.  The  whole  house  is 
swept  and  dusted  every  day,  the  children  performing  this  task  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Sisters,  who  lend  their  assistance  and  teach  them  to  per- 
form their  work  neatly  and  thoroughly.  Great  promptitude  and  diligence 
are  necessary,  that  all  may  be  finished  at  the  first  school  bell,  which  rings  at 
8:30  o'clock.  At  the  first  bell,  the  children  who  have  been  assisting  in  the 
different  departments  are  sent  to  the  wash-room  to  make  their  toilets  and 
change  aprons  for  school.  At  9  o'clock  the  second  bell  rings  for  the  line  to 
form,  and  all  are  expected  to  repair  to  their  various  classes,  when  lessons  are 
began. 

Following  is  the  order  of  school  exercises:  Sixth  grade — Christian  Doc- 
trine, Speller,  Dictionary,  Grammar,  Geography,  Fifth  Reader,  Practical 
and  Mental  Arithmetic.  Fifth  grade — Christian  Doctrine,  Speller,  Diction- 
ary, Grammar,  Geography,  United  States  History,  Bible  History,  Fourth 
Reader,  Practical  and  Mental  Arithmetic.  Fourth  gtade — Catechism,  Speller, 
Third  Reader,  Practical  and  Mental  Arithmetic.  Third  grade — Catechism, 
Spelling,  Second  Reader,  and  Mental  Arithmetic,  Penmanship,  Drawing  from 
objects  and  Singing  included. 

At  4  o'clock  classes  are  dismissed,  and  the  children  play  again  until  sup- 
per time,  and  at  7:30  o'clock  they  go  to  bed.  A  Sister  accompanies  them  and 
remains  with  them.  The  children  are  never  left  alone,  day  or  night,  the  Sis- 
ters sleeping  in  their  dormitories.  Sister  Mary  Matilda  is  Superioress. 

St.  Joseph's  Providence  Orphan  Asylum. — Situated  near  Pennock  station, 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway.  Take  train  at  Union  depot, 
Canal  and  Adams  streets,  West  Side.  The  building  stands  on  a  slight  emi- 
nence in  the  midst  of  a  farm  of  forty  acres.  The  interior  arrangements  of 
the  asylum  are  on  a  par  with  the  advantages  of  space  and  pure  air.  The 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  193 

largeclass-roorais  well  lighted  and  ventilated  and  each  boy  has  a  neat  desk.  A 
part  of  the  curriculum  Is  devoted  to  calisthenic  exercises  and  each  day  the  bright 
looking  youngsters  swing  the  dumb  bells  and  bar  bells  to  enlivening  tunes. 
Down  in  the  refectory  the  boys  sit  at  long  tables,  where  good  food  and  plenty  of 
it  is  served  out  to  them  by  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph.  Soup,  meat,  vegetables, 
bread  and  milk  are  given  out,  not  in  limited  quantities.  Meat  twice  a  day  is 
the  rule  for  the  180  American  boys  of  all  .denominations.  The  dormitories 
are  capacious  halls,  filled  with  iron  bedsteads,  covered  with  blankets  and 
comforters.  The  whole  house  is  heated  by  steam  and  has  all  the  modern 
improvements. 

St.  Paul's  Borne  for  Newsboys.  —Located  at  359,  361,  363  W.  Jackson  st. 
An  institution  devoted  to  the  care  and  training  of  working  boys,  newsboys 
and  waifs  of  Chicago.  It  is  under  Catholic  auspices,  but  receives  boys  of 
any  denomination,  regardless  of  religious  belief.  It  has  a  large  number  of 
boys  in  charge.  Rev.  D.  S.  A.  Mahony,  director. 

Uhlich  Evangelical  Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum. — Organized  1867  by  some 
ladies  connected  with  St.  Paul's  church.  Incorporated  1869.  First  cared  for, 
only  a  few  children  in  a  small  cottage,  corner  of  La  Salle  avenue  and  Ontario 
street.  A  larger  building  on  Clark  street,  between  Garfield  and  "Webster 
avenues,  was  rented  later  on,  but  this  was  swept  away  by  the  great  fire.  The 
orphans  were  then  brought,  to  the  Lake  View  school  for  shelter.  Afterwards 
the  "Chicago  Nursery  and  Half  Orphan  Asylum,"  175  Burling  street,  took 
the  children  up  and  boarded  them.  The  ladies  had  saved  up  about  $8,000, 
and  the  Chicago  Aid  and  Relief  Society  contributed  $20,750.  and  they  bought 
twelve  lots  on  Burling  and  Centre  streets,  where  the  present  building  was 
erected  during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1872-73.  This  edifice  received  a  brick 
addition  in  the  summer  of  1889.  The  trustees  are:  Mr.  Wm.  Knoke,  president; 
Mr.  John  L.  Diez,  treasurer;  Mr.  John  Baur,  secretary;  Rev.  R.  A.  John, 
F.  W.  Forch,  Wm.  Schick,  Wm.  Keller,  Jakob  Huber,  Conrad  Furst,  trustees; 
superintendent,  Geo.  Zeising;  matron,  Mrs.  Dora  Zeising. 

Waifs'  Mission. — Located  at  44  State  street,  Taylor  E.  Daniels,  superin- 
tendent. The  object  of  the  mission  is  the  care  of  homeless  boys,  notably 
those  who  are  abandoned  to  the  streets  by  their  parents  or  other  relatives. 
Directors:  Messrs.  Walter  Q.  Gresham,  Richard  S.  Tuthill,  B.  F.  Hagaman, 
J.  Irving  Pearce,  F.  E.  Brown,  B.  F.  Lighter,  W.  H.  Cowles,  A.  H.  Revell, 
J.  Harley  Bradley,  Lester  C.  Hubbard,  and  T.  E.  Daniels.  Advisory  Board : 
Messrs.  George  M.  Pullman,  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  De  Witt  C.  Cregier,  W.  Penn 
Nixon,  C.  M.  Henderson,  Joseph  R.  Dunlop,  W.  G.  Beale,  G.  F.  Swift,  John 
R.  Wilson,  W.  J.  Chalmers,  R.  R.  Cable,  Marvin  Hughitt,  Lyman  J.  Gage, 
C.  T.  Yerkes,  William  Deering,  T.  W.  Harvey,  E.  W.  Gillett,  George  E. 
Marshall,  J.  M.  Longenecker,  T.  B.  Blackstone,  D.  K.  Pearsons,  and  Potter 
Palmer.  During  the  eleven  months  ending  Jan.  1,  1892,  the  statistics  of  the 
Mission  show  the  following  :  Six  hundred  and  twenty -eight  boys  were  admit- 
ted to  the  home,  of  whom  419  received  temporary  board  and  lodging.  The 
average  attendance  at  the  Sunday-school  was  570,  and  there  were  326  religious 
services  held.  During  the  eleven  months  80,000  free  meals,  16,860  free  beds, 
and  7,809  free  baths  were  given,  while  over  17,000  articles  of  clothing  were 
distributed.  In  the  Police  Courts  the  cases  of  840  boys  were  attended  to, 
which  resulted  in  469  discharges,  forty-four  sent  to  the  Waifs'  Mission,  nine 


194  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

sent  home,  135  fined,  and  130  fined  but  execution  stayed  on  promise  of  bet- 
ter behavior.  Only  twenty  were  held  to  the  Criminal  Court,  and  thirty-two 
cases  were  continued.  Among  the  sick  and  poor  1,686  visits  and  investiga- 
tions weie  made,  and  relief  afforded  as  far  as  possible.  The  average  number 
of  boys  enrolled  in  the  day  school  was  forty-nine,  while  the  attendance  aver- 
aged 78  per  cent.,  a  remarkably  good  showing  for  street  children.  Employ- 
ment and  permanent  homes  were  found  for  188  boys.  The  work  done  in  1890 
by  the  mission  was  summarized  as  follows  :  There  were  80,690  free  meals  fur- 
nished to  hungry  children;  15,630  free  beds;  3,593  free  baths,  and  1,100  hair- 
cuts were  given.  In  clothing  the  naked,  16,000  garments  were  given  out, 
besides  many  pairs  of  shoes,  and  much  mending  done  gratis.  The  superin- 
tendent appeared  before  the  justices  in  929  cases  of  boys  and  girls  charged 
with  crime  or  misdemeanor  of  which  569  were  discharged,  114  executions 
stayed,  122  fined,  64  continued,  44  held  to  the  criminal  court  (14  afterwards 
liberated),  16  sent  home  (runaways),  Fifty-six  boys  were  placed  in  employ- 
ment, and  homes  were  found  for  26  others.  Among  the  sick  and  poor  2,254 
investigations  were  made,  while  896  subsequent  visits  wtre  made  in  these 
cases  and  assistance  was  given.  Of  sick  and  homeless  boys  22  were  nursed 
and  44  were  sent  to  hospitals.  There  were  168  religious  services  held. 

The  total  cash  expenditure  was  $7,349.27,  including  rent,  salaries,  heat 
and  light,  and  all  other  expenses.  Of  this  income  $2,507.01  represents  the 
profits  earned  by  the  American  Youth,  a  boys'  weekly  paper  published  by  the 
mission. .  In  this  connection  the  report  shows  that  the  superintendent,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  other  duties,  earned  $1,009.25  in  cash,  or  over  half  of  his  salary, 
by  the  advertising  secured  by  him  for  the  paper,  the  amount  being  calculated 
on  the  basis  of  the  percentage  paid  the  regular  advertising  solicitor.  The 
report  expatiates  at  some  length  on  the  printing  plant,  worth  $2,500,  which 
has  been  secured,  and  in  which  the  boys  are  taught  the  printers'  art  while 
incidentally  ' '  setting  up  "  the  paper  or  ' '  kicking  "jobs  off  the  presses.  The 
statement  is  made  that  this  is  the  most  successful  manual  training  so  far 
attempted  among  the  waifs  and  the  only  form  of  trade-learning  that  seems  to 
hold  their  sustained  interest. 

TKAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  WAIFS. — Branch  in  connection  with  the  Waif's 
Mission.  Not  sufficiently  ad  vanced  at  this  date  to  determine  whether  or  not 
it  will  be  a  success. 

Young  Ladies'  Charity  Circle. — A  band  of  sixteen  young  ladies  of  the 
West  Side  who  give  entertainments  for  the  benefit  of  charitable  institutions. 
They  have  no  stated  place  of  meeting.  The  officers  of  the  circle  are:  Presi- 
dent, Miss  Birdie  Lewinsohn;  vice-president,  Miss  Annie  Gerber;  secretary, 
Miss  Belle  Davis;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Eva  Davis.  The  other  members  are: 
Misses  Bessie  and  Annie  Stolofsky,  Eva  Lerber,  Sara  Paradise,  Mollie  Lew- 
insohn.'Ray  Zohn,  Miss  Lipsky,  Miss  Uphert,  Lena  Barnett,  Miss  Goodkind, 
Ray  Nevens,  Hattie  Grosberg. 

Young  Men's  Hebrew  Charity  Association. — One  of  the  most  active  and 
useful  chaiitable  organizations  in  Chicago.  The  ball  given  by  this  associa- 
tion at  the  Auditorium  early  in  the  present  year  netted  $14,000,  or  $2,000 
more  than  any  of  its  predecessors.  This  money  was  divided  among  the 
charities  of  Chicago  as  follows  :  Michael  Reese  Hospital,  $6,000 ;  Jewish 
Training  School  of  Chicago,  $4,000  ;  Y.  M.  H.  C.  A.  Labor  Bureau,  $1,000  ; 
Contribution  toward  salary  of  superintendent  of  Labor  Bureau,  $300  ;  Exe- 
cutive Committee  in  Aid  of  Russian  Refuges,  $750  ;  Library  of  the  Michael 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  195 

Reese  Hospital,  $100  ;  Truant  Aid  Society,  $100  ;  Policemen's  Benevolent 
Fund,  $100  ;  Firemen's  Benevolent  Fund,  $1(0;  Chicago  Charity  Hospital, 
$200 ;  Alexian  Brothers'  Hospital,  $100  ;  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  $100  ; 
Provident  Hospital  and  Training  School  Association,  $100  ;  Chicago  Hospital 
for  Women  and  Children,  $100  ;  Altenheim,  $100  ;  Home  for  the  Friendless, 
$100. 

CHRISTIAN  ORGANIZATIONS. 

Church  societies  are  referred  to  elsewhere.  The  following  are  the  lead- 
ing Christian  organizations  of  a  general  character  in  the  city: 

Bible  Institute. — The  Bible  Institute  for  home  and  foreign  missions  of  the 
Chicago  Evangelization  Society,  which  is  a  training  school  for  evangelists 
and  other  Christian  workers,  is  situated — Ladies'  Department,  228-232 
La  Salle  avenue,  next  door  to  Moody's  Church,  Chicago  avenue,  and  Men's 
Department  and  Class  Rooms,  80  West  Pearson  street,  between  La  Salle 
avenue  and  Wells  street.  Take  Wells  street  or  North  Clark  cable  lines. 
Dwight  L.  Moody  is  the  founder  and  president.  There  are  about  one  hun- 
dred students  of  the  bible  in  the  Men's  Department,  and  about  fifty  women. 
In  the  musical  department  over  five  hundred  students  are  enrolled,  but  these 
are  largely  in  evening  classes.  The  object  of  the  Institute  is  to  give  to  men 
and  women — especially  those  who  have  not  had  the  advantages  of  higher 
education,  and  who  would  otherwise,  in  many  cases  at  least,  be  deprived  of 
special  instruction  in  various  lines  of  Christian  work — that  knowledge  and 
skill  in  the  use  of  the  Word,  which  will  fit  them  to  do  efficient  missionary 
and  evangelistic  work.  More  than  three  hundred  have  already  gone  out  and 
are  now  engaged  in  work  as  pastors'  assistants,  missionaries,  Sunday-school 
missionaries,  preaching  and  singing  evangelists,  lay  helpers,  pastors,  church 
visitors,  etc.  The  demand  for  workers  far  exceeds  the  supply.  The  teaching 
is  done  not  only  by  those  regularly  connected  with  the  Institute,  but  by 
eminent  men  from  all  parts  of  America  and  Great  Brit&in. 

Bible  Institute. —The  Bible  Institute  or  Training  School  for  Evangelists 
is  situated  next  door  to  Moody's  Chicago  Avenue  Church,  Chicago  avenue 
and  La  Salle  street.  Take  North  Clark  or  Wells  Street  cable  lines.  From 
this  institute  Daniel  Moody,  the  evangelist,  draws  his  assistant  workers. 
There  are  about  seventy  students  of  the  Bible  in  the  men's  department  con- 
stantly and  about  half  as  many  women.  The  object  of  the  institute  is  to  give 
to  men — largely  those  who  have  not  had  the  advantages  of  higher  education, 
and  who  would  otherwise,  in  many  cases,  at  least,  be  deprived  of  special 
instruction  in  lines  of  Christian  work — that  knowledge  and  skill  in  the  use 
of  the  Word  as  will  fit  them  the  better  to  do  missionary  and  evangelistic 
work.  Not  a  few  are  in  training  as  lay  helpers,  pastors'  assistants  and  sing- 
ing evangelists,  and  the  school  is  but  one  evidence  of  the  new  aggressiveness 
of  the  Church  to  match  the  modern  aggressiveness  of  the  World. 

Central  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Chicago. — Headquarters  161  La  Salle  street.  In 
addition  to  the  general  work  of  this  association  it  conducts  the  Bethesda 
Mission,  606  South  Clark  street,  with  which  is  connected  a  day  nursery, 
kindergarten,  Sunday-school,  kitchen  garden,  free  medical  dispensary,  relief 
work  and  gospel  meetings;  the  Talcott  Day  Nursery,  169  West  Adams  street, 
with  which  is  connected  a  day  nursery,  a  kindergarten  and  an  industrial 


196  G-UlDE  fO  CHICAGO. 

school;  the  Anchorage  Mission,  125  Third  avenue;  the  Hope  Mission  and 
Reading  School,  166  North  Halsted  street;  the  Bethesda  Inn,  408  South  Clark 
street,  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  restaurant,  69  East  Washington  street.  The 
president  is  Mrs.  M.  B.  Carse;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Hobbs; recording 
secretary,  Mrs.  E.  P.  Howell;  treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  G.  Davis.  The  board  of  mana- 
gers is  as  follows — MesdamesM.  B.  Carse,  J.  B.  Hobbs,  E.  P.  Howell,  E.  War- 
ner, N.  Norton,  G.  Bagley,  G.  Shipman,  H.  V.  Reed,  A.  Bond,  L.  A.  Hagans, 
I.Jones,  L.  R.  Hall,  E.  P.  Vail,  C.  Goodman,  U.  Bruun,  M.  J.  Haywood,  H.  J. 
Berry,  W.  E.  Kelley,  L.  M.  Quine,C.  E.  Bigelow,  T.  D.Wallace,  D.  Fuller,  Dr. 
Winter,  C.  G.  Davis,  E.  Trapp,  C.  B.  S.  Wilcox,  H.  R.  Smith,  M.  W.  Mabbs, 
C.  C.  Lake,  Miss  Helen  L.  Hood.  The  missions,  nurseries,  kindergartens, 
etc.,  of  the  W.  C.T.  U.,  are  all  doing  a  splendid  work  in  Chicago;  so,  also,  Is  the 
association'ssupervision  of  the  work  of  the  policematrons  at  the  several  stations. 
The  treasurer's  report  for  the  year  ending  March,  1890,  showed:  Balance 
in  treasury  March  20, 1889,  $2.92;  receipts  to  March  20, 1890,  $7,147.14;  total, 
$7,150.06;  expenditures  to  March  20,  1890,  $7,113.36;  balance  in  treasury 
March  20, 1890,  $7,150.06.  The  object  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  as  stated  in  the 
constitution  of  the  association,  is  to  plan  and  carry  forward  measures  which 
will,  with  the  blessing  of  God,  result  in  the  suppression  of  intemperance  in 
our  midst,  and  the  highest  moral  and  spiritual  good  of  those  needing  reform; 
and  to  this  end  to  provide  and  maintain  permanent  buildings,  rooms  and 
accommodations  for  the  devotional,  business  and  social  meetings  of  the  asso- 
ciation, and  to  sustain  and  carry  forward  the  mission  and  general  work  for 
the  suppression  of  intemperance  and  for  moral  reform,  and  to  encourage  and 
aid  such  work  in  general  by  individual  and  auxiliary  societies  and  associa- 
tions. (See  "  National  W.  C.  T.  U."  and  ".W.  C.  T.  U.  Building.") 

Chicago  Bible  Society. — Depository  and  office,  89,  115  Dearborn  street. 
Officers — President,  N.  S.  Bouton;  first  vice-presdent,  H.  W.  Dudley;  second 
vice-president,  Cyrus  H.  McCormick;  treasurer,  C.  H.  Mulliken;  correspond- 
ing secretary,  T.  B.  Carter;  general  secretary  and  agent,  Rev.  J.  A.  Mack; 
auditor,  C.  W.  Pritchard;  business  committee,  N.  S.  Bouton,  J.  W.  Farlin, 
H.  W.  Dudley,  C.  H.  Mulliken,  and  Rev.  J.  A.  Mack.  Bible-work  business 
committee  :  Mrs.  Mark  Ayres,  Miss  E.  Dwyer,  corresponding  secretaries; 
Mrs.  L.  A.  L.  Shute,  secretary,  49  S.  Ada  street. 

Christian  Endeavor  Society  of  Cook  County.—  President,  P.  F.  Chase;  gen- 
eral secretary,  Otto  Buehlman.  There  are  five  divisions  in  the  county,  as 
follows — Hyde  Park,  Oak  Park,  Q.  Division,  which  takes  in  thirteen  socie- 
tieslocated  on  the  lineof  the  Chicago,  Burlington &Quincy  Railroad;  North- 
western Division,  which  includes  the  societies  located  not  alone  on  the  North- 
western road,  but  also  those  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  eight 
all  told;  and  the  Evanston  Division.  Each  of  these  divisions  is  In  charge  of 
a  secretary.  The  societies  of  the  different  divisions  frequently  hold  sociables, 
prayer  meetings,  etc.  The  reportfor  last  year  shows  an  increaseof  13  junior 
societies  and  24  elder  societies  since  the  last  convention,  which  makes  a  total 
of  154  societies,  when  last  year  there  were  only  117.  The  membership  one 
year  ago  was 4, 000,  to-day  it  can  boast  of  nearly  7,000. 

The  first  society  was  organized  in  the  Williston  church,  Portland,  Me., 
February  2,  1881,  and  in  June  last  there  were  11,013  societies,  with  a  mem- 
bership of  660,000.  It  has  principally  to  do  with  younepeople,  and  the  fact 
of  such  immense  progress  as  the  above  figures  show  willbe  sufficient  to  enlist 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


197 


the  interest  of  all  people  who  have  any  care  for  the  coming  generation  of 
men.    The  following  is  the  statistical  division  of  Chicago  unions: 


UNIONS. 

Societies. 

Active 
members. 

Associate 
members. 

Total  mem- 
bership. 

North  Side  

8 

285 

52 

337 

South  Side  

11 

519 

51 

670 

West  Side  (northern)     

6 

151 

20 

170 

West  Side  (southern)  

17 

6,17 

187 

814 

12 

455 

136 

591 

•     8 

262 

118 

380 

Northwestern       ,  

9 

218 

102 

3?0 

Oak  Park        

8 

213 

.    65 

278 

"Q  "                                    

10 

316 

86 

402 

Engrlewood  .        

9 

299 

116 

415 

Hyde  Park                           ..          

12 

396 

173 

569 

Total                .                   

110 

3,740 

1,106 

4816 

The  Cook  County  union  is  thorough  in  its  organization  and  discipline, 
and  serves  well  to  show  the  workings  of  the  society.  The  cosmopolitan  and 
liberal  Christian  spirit  of  the  union  are  also  better  illustrated  here  than  in 
smaller  places,  for  here  the  workings  maybe  seen  in  many  different  denomi- 
nations of  Christians  and  in  many  tongues.  The  visiting  feature  of  the 
union  is  a  great  source  of  knowledge  and  is  resulting  in  much  good. 
Churches  near  and  far  which  knew  little  or  nothing  of  each  other  are  becom- 
ing acquainted. 

National  W.  0.  T.  U.  Headquarters.— The  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  head- 
quarters are  at  present  located  in  the  suburb  of  Evanston,  twelve  miles  from 
the  city.  Take  train  at  Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  streets,  or  at 
Union  depot,  Adams  and  Canal  streets.  The  headquarters  will  probably 
remain  at  this  place  until  the  completion  of  the  Temperance  Temple  in  the 
city.  Miss  Frances  Willard,  president  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  resides 
at  Evanston,  as  do  also  Mrs.  Caroline  B.  Buell  and  Miss  Esther  Pugh,  officers 
of  the  Union.  The  rooms  are  on  Davis  street,  only  a  short  walk  from  the 
railroad  stations. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association. — Organized  in  the  year  1858.  Office 
of  General  Board  of  Managers  located  at  148  Madison  street.  Officers — John 
V.  Farwell,  Jr.,  president;  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  first  vice-president;  H.  M. 
Hubbard,  second  vice-president;  James  L.  Houghteling,  treasurer;  H.  M. 
Starkey,  M.  D.,  recording  secretary;  J.  H.  Bradshaw,  R.  W.  Hare,  E.  Burritt 
Smith,  John  H.  Leslie,  A.  B.  Mead,  N.  S.  Davis,  Jr.,  M.  D.,  C.  C.  Chapman, 
John  C.  Grant,  Seymour  Walton,  A.  Kurz,  W.  I.  Midler,  F.  M.  Buck,  D.  W. 
Potter,  F.  S.  Osborne,  W.  G.  Sherer;  L.  Wilbur  Messer,  general  secretary; 
W.  T.  Hart,  assistant-general  secretary.  Board  of  Trustees— S.  M.  Moore, 
president;  A.  L.  Coe,  vice-president;  E.  G.  Keith,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
John  V.  Farwell,  N.  S.  Bouton,  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  A.  G.  Lane,  George 
M.  High,  B.  F.  Jacobs,  Orrington'Lunt,  H.  E.  Sargent. 

MADISON  STREET  DEPARTMENT,  148  Madison  street. — Committee  of  Man- 
agement— H.  M.  Hubbard,  chairman;  D.  W.  Potter,  vice  chairman;  Frank 


198  GUIDE   TO.  CHICAGO. 

Milligaii,  secretary  ;L.  A.  Trowbridge,  John  V.  Farwell,  Jr.,R.  W.  Hare,  J.  6. 
Morris,  Geo.  L.  Wrenn,  A.  P.  White,  J.  8.  Lane,  MaxBaird,  R.  F.  Goldsmith, 
Frederick  T.  West,  Thos.  R.  Lyras,  J.E.  Defebaugh,  Seymour  Walton;  Daniel 
Sloan,  department  secretary;  L.  E.  Buell,  W.  A.  Sunday,  C.  E.  Hillis,  H.  W. 
Mixsell,  A.  F.  Lee,  E.R.  Wilson,  W.  C.  Beede,  J.  C.  Maltby,  assistant  secre- 
taries; E.  L.  Hayford,  M.  D.,  physical  director;  L.  B.  Smith,  assistant  physical 
director. 

Among  the  numerous  privileges  offered  by  this  department  to  young  men, 
&re>  gymnasium,  bath  rooms,  parlors,  recreation  and  reading  rooms,  educa- 
tional classes,  lectures  and  entertainments,  practical  talks,  religious  meetings, 
Bible-training  classes,  etc.  The  rooms  are  very  cosily  and  attractively 
furnished. 

The  reading  room  is  an  attractive,  well-lighted  and  cheerful  room,  sup- 
plied with  easy  chairs.  The  papers  are  conveniently  arranged  in  racks. 
Members  will  find  regularly  filed  the  leading  daily,  weekly,  secular  and 
religious  newspapers,  together  with  publications  on  science,  art,  mechanics, 
education,  architecture,  etc.  This  room  contains  also  a  spacious  and  com- 
fortable writing-table,  and  all  needed  material  for  writing  can  be  had  upon 
application.  The  library  tables  are  covered  with  choice  literary,  illustrated, 
scientific  and  humorous  periodicals.  The  library  contains  dictionaries, 
cyclopedias,  and  a  large  collection  of  books  on  history,  travel,  poetry,  biog- 
raphy, fiction,  science  and  theology.  Books  of  special  interest  and  import- 
ance to  young  men  will  be  suggested  to  members  upon  application  to  the 
assistant  secretary.  The  parlor  is  supplied  with  comfortable  chairs,  is  taste- 
fully arranged,  and  is  intended  for  conversation,  reading,  leisure,  or  musical 
pastime.  The  amusement  room  is  supplied  with  numerous  games  of  skill,  such 
as  chess,  checkers,  crokinole,  faba  baga,  base  ball,  croquet,  authors,  etc.  The 
large  variety  of  games  will  provide  for  a  number  of  members  at  a  time. 

WEST  SIDE  DEPARTMENT,  Paulina  and  Madison  Street,  A.  D.  Mackay, 
department  secretary. — Gymnasium,  bath  rooms,  membeis'  parlors,  recrea- 
tion and  reading  rooms,  educational  classes,  entertainments  and  lectures,  prac- 
tical talks  and  religious  meetings.  The  rooms  of  the  department  are  furnished 
very  attractively. 

SOUTH  CHICAGO  DEPARTMENT,  9140-9142  Commercial  Avenue,  Thomas 
Ratcliffe,  department  secretary. — Large  and  finely-equipped  gymnasium, 
with  new  tub  and  shower-baths,  reading  room,  recreation  room  and  parlor- 
lectures,  entertainments  and  socials,  practical  talks  and  religious  meetings. 

RAVENSWOOD  DEPARTMENT,  Ravenswood,  111.,  R.  J.  Bennett,  chairman; 
L.  B.  Moore,  department  secretary. — Gymnasium,  bowling  alleys,  bath- 
rooms, lectures  and  entertainments,  practical  talks,  receptions,  religious 
meetings,  Bible-training  classes  and  other  privileges.  This  department  occu- 
pies a  new  building  valued  at  $15,000,  which  has  been  but  recently  dedicated, 
and  all  of  its  appointments  and  furnishings  are  of  the  finest  and  most  home- 
like order.  Its  supervision  is  under  a  committee  of  management,  composed  of 
the  leading  resident  and  business  men  of  Ravenswood. 

PULLMAN  DEPARTMENT,  Pullman,  111. — Gymnasium,  bath  rooms,  parlor, 
religious  meetings,  Bible  training  classes  and  other  privileges. 

GARFIELD  BOULEVARD  RAILROAD  DEPARTMENT,  Garfield  Boulevard  and 
Tracy  Avenue,  C.  H.  Smith,  chairman;  John  G.  Percy,  department  secre- 
tary.— Gymnasium,  bath  rooms,  bowling  alley,  reading  room,  religious  meet- 
ings, Bible-training  classes,  and  other  privileges  especially  designed  for  rail- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  199 

road  men.  This  department  occupies  a  building  of  its  own,  with  modern  and 
home-like  appointments,  having  its  membership  principally  among  railroad 
men  of  that  section  of  the  city. 

KINZIE  STREET  RAILROAD  DEPARTMENT,  Kinzie  and  Canal  Streets,  E.  H. 
Duff,  chairman;  William  Cook,  department  secretary. — Reading  room, 
parlor,  bath  room,  receptions  and  other  privileges  for  railroad  men.  The 
membership  of  this  department  is  largely  composed  of  railroad  men  in  its 
immediate  vicinity. 

GERMAN  DEPARTMENT,  Larrabee  Street  and  Grant  Place,  A.  Kurz,  chair- 
man; L.  A.  Horlacher,  department  secretary. — Gymnasium,  bath  rooms, 
reading,  recreation  and  conversation  rooms,  circulating  library,  educational 
classes,  receptions,  religious  meetings  and  other  privileges. 

INTERCOLLEGIATE  DEPARTMENT,  W.  F.  Seymour,  secretary. — This 
department  has  the  care  of  the  work  in  the  professional  schools  of  the  city. 

There  are  connected  with  the  association  numerous  features  which  con- 
tribute toward  making  a  membership  in  this  organization  both  desirable  and 
valuable  to  young  men.  Among  the  privileges  accordc  d  are  participation  in  a 
connection  with  the  following:  Informal  receptions,  trades  receptions,  members' 
receptions,  boarding-house  register,  home-like  place,  good  company,  friendly 
counsel,  general  information,  employment  bureau,  writing  conveniences,  care 
in  sickness,  members'  parlors,  parlor  games,  reading  room,  current  literature, 
educational  classes,  entertainments,  practical  talks,  literary  society,  reference 
library,  gymnasium,  physical  instruction,  medical  examination,  healthful 
baths,  toilet  conveniences,  summer  athletics,  outing  club,  gospel  meetings, 
training  classes,  Bible  classes,  prayer  meetings,  teachers'  meetings.  Asso- 
ciate members  are  young  men  over  sixteen  years  of  age,  whose  references  as 
to  good  moral  character  are  saiisfactory.  Active  members  are  young  men 
over  sixteen  years  of  age,  who  are  members  in  good  standing  of  some  Evan- 
gelical Church.  A  regular  membership  ticket,  good  in  all  departments,  either 
active  or  associate,  requires  an  annual  membership  fee  of  five  dollars.  A  mem- 
bership may  be  obtained  by  any  young  man  regardless  of  Church  member- 
ship or  belief .  The  paid  membership  of  the  Chicago  association  is  over  five 
thousand.  The  Chicago  association  is  the  second  in  the  world  in  membership 
and  in  the  amount  of  money  received  annually  for  current  expenses. 

In  the  building  of  the  Madison  street  department,  148  Madison  street,  are 
located  the  offices  of  the  State  executive  committee,  the  Western  Secretarial 
Institute,  and  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Training  School. 

Seven  secretaries  are  employed  in  the  Illinois  State  work,  and  the  annual 
expenditure  by  the  State  committee  in  the  supervision  of  the  associations  of  the 
State  is  $16,000.  [See  "  New  Y.  M."  C.  A.  Building."] 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association  (Scandinavian). — Located  at  183  N. 
Peoria  st.  President,  M.  Ellingson;  secretary,  P.  Hanson;  treasurer,  T. 
Syvertson;  librarian,  K.  Hall.  This  association  has  very  comfortable  rooms 
and  a  large  membership. 

Young  Woman's  Christian  Association. — Located  at  room  61,  243  Wa- 
bash  ave.  Officers  —  President,  Mrs.  L.  Stone;  treasurer,  Miss  M.  E.  True; 
corresponding  secretary,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Brodie;  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  R.  S. 
Chamberlain;  superintendent  employment  bureau,  Miss  I.  Stobie,  243  Wa- 
bash  ave.;  superintendent  of  dispensary,  Dr.  Odelia  Blinn;  superintendent 
boarding-house  (288  Michigan  ave.),  Mrs.  Jones.  The  boarding-house 


200  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

has  been  overcrowded  of  late,  but  arrangements  are  being  made  for  better 
and  more  ample  quarters.    Young  women  are  boarded  at  a  nominal  cost. 

CHURCHES. 

The  visitor  will  not  be  many  hours  in  Chicago  before  he  Is  Impressed 
with  the  number  and  beauty  of  the  structures  consecrated  to  divine  "worship. 
Unlike  some  of  the  older  American  and  European  cities,  however,  he  will 
notice  that  there  are  no  church  edifices  in  the  business  center,  nor  along  any 
of  the  great  business  arteries .  There  were  a  number  of  handsome  and  costly 
church  buildings  in  the  business  district  previous  to  1871,  but  the  great  fire 
swept  them  away.  After  the  fire,  the  ground  upon  which  they  had  stood 
proved  to  be  so  valuable  that  the  various  church  societies  nnd  congregations 
decided  either  to  sell  or  improve  their  "down  town  "real  property,  and  build 
their  churches  on  less  expensive  ground  and  nearer  the  residence  districts . 
Among  the  churches  that  were  to  be  found  down  town  before  the  fire,  were 
the  First  Presbyterian  church,  on  Wabash  ave.,  near  Jackson;  the  Second 
Presbyterian  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Wabash  ave.  and  Washington  st. ; 
St.  Mary's  Catholic  church,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Wabash  ave.  and 
Madison  St.,  where"  St.  Mary's  block"  now  stands;  the  First  Baptist 
church  on  Wabash  ave.,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Everts'  (Episcopal)  church. 
There  were  many  others  not  so  well  known  and  not  so  well  remembered. 
The  Methodists,  Presbyterians,  Baptists,  Unitarians,  Roman  Catholics, 
Episcopalians,  and,  in  fact,  all  denominations,  lost  heavily  by  the  great  fire, 
both  in  the  South  and  North  divisions.  Since  then,  however,  they  have  all 
prospered,  and  every  year  since  has  added  to  the  magnitude,  the  costliness 
and  the  beauty  of  the  church  edifices  they  have  erected. 

LOCATION  OF  LEADING  CHURCHES. — The  leading  churches  of  the  three 
divisions  of  the  city  are  removed  to  the  extent  of  a  street  car  trip  from  hotels 
and  depots  of  the  South  Side.  On  the  West  Side  they  are  found  principally 
along  Washington  and  Ashland  blvds.  or  around  Jeffenon  and  Union  parks. 
Centenary  Methodist  and  the  Second  Baptist  chuiches,  two  of  the  oldest  in  the 
city,  are  located  on  Monroe  and  Morgan-sts.  On  the  North  Side  they  are  to 
be  found  in  the  district  north  of  Ontario  and  east  of  Clark  sts.,  principally 
on  Dearborn  ave.  On  the  South  Side  they  are  to  be  found  on  Wabash  ave., 
Michigan  blvd. ,  and  in  the  district  east  of  State  st.  and  south  of  Twenty-second 
st.  Take  West  Madison  cable  line  for  West  Side,  North  Clark  st.  cable  line 
or  State  st.  horse  line  for  North  Side  and  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line  for 
South  Side.  Two  of  the  leading  Independent  churches  of  the  city,  however, 
the  Central  and  the  People's,  hold  services  in  the  Central  Music  Hall  and 
Columbia  Theatre,  respectively,  only  a  short  walk  from  the  hotels.  Prof. 
Swing  preaches  at  the  former  every  Sunday;  Dr.  Thomas  at  the  latter. 


ov  V 


^THK    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  201 

POPULAR  MINISTERS  AND  PREACHERS. — Popular  ministers  of  the  city  and 
those  of  whom  the  visitor  is  likely  to  hear  of  tenest,  are  Prof.  David  Swing,  Cen- 
tral Church,  Central  Music  Hall,  State  and  Randolph sts. ; Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas, 
People's  Church,  McVicker's  Theatre,  Madison  St.,  near  State  st.;  Simon  J. 
MacPherson,  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Michigan  blvd.  and  Twentieth  St.; 
F.  J.  Brobst,  Westminster  Presbyterian,  Peoria  and  Jackson  sts.;  F.  W. 
Gunsaulus,  Plymouth  Congregational,  Michigan  ave.,  near  Twenty-sixth  st.; 
Rabbi  E.  G.  Hirsch,  Sinai  Congregation,  Indiana  ave.  and  Twenty-first  st.; 
Dr.  John  H.  Barrows,  First  Presbyterian,  Indiana  ave.  and  Twenty -first  St.; 
H.  H.  Barbour,  Belden  Avenue  Methodist  Church,  Beldenave.  and  Halsted 
St.;  Dr.  P.  S.  Hensen,  First  Baptist  Church,  South  Park  ave.  and  Thirty-first 
st.;  Rev.  Fred  Campbell,  Jefferson  Park  Presbyterian  Church,  Adams  and 
Throopsts.;  State  st.,  near  Twenty-lhirdst.;  Dr.  V/\  M.  Lawrence,  Second 
Baptist  Church,  Morgan  and  Monroe  sts.;  Dr.  E.  P.  Goodwin,  First 
Congregational  Church,  Washington  boulevard  and  Ann  street;  Dr. 

F.  A.    Noble,   Union    Park    Congregational  Church,   Washington    blvd. 
and  Ashland  avenue. ;  Rt.  Rev.  William  E.  McLaren,  Episcopal  Cathedral, 
Washington  blvd.  and  Peoria  st.;  Rev.  Dr.  Clinton  Locke,  Grace  Episcopal 
Church,  1445  Wabash  ave,;  Rt.  Rev.  Charles  E.  Cheney,  Christ's  Episcopal 
Church,  Michigan  ave.  and  Twenty-fourth  St.;  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows,  St. 
Paul's  Episcopal,  Adams  st.  and  Winchester  ave.  ;J.  P.  Brushingham,  Ada 
Street  M.  E.  Church,  Ada  st.,  between  Lake  and  Fulton  sts. ;  Robert  Mclntyre, 
Grace  M.  E.  Church,  cor.  La  Salle  ave.  and  Locust  st. ;  Dr.  William  Fawcett, 
Park  Avenue  M.  E.  Church,  Park  ave.,  corner  Robey  st. ;  Frank  M.  Bristol, 
Trinity  M.  E.  Church,  Indiana  ave.,  near  Twenty-fourth  St.;  Dr.  W.  T. 
Meloy,  First  United  Presbyterian  Church,  Monroe  "and  Paulina  sts.;  Dr.  M. 
W.  Stryker,  Fourth  Presbyterian  Church,  Rush  and  Superior  sts.;  Dr.  John 
L.   Withrow,   Third  Presbyterian  Church,  Ashland  blvd.  and  Ogden  ave.; 
Jenkins  Lloyd  Jones,  All  Souls'  Church,  Oakwoodblvd.  andLangleyave.;  T. 

G.  Milsted,  Unity  Church,  Dearborn  ave.  and  Walton  place;  J.    Colman 
Adams,  St.  Paul's  Unitarian  Church,  Prairie  ave.  and  Thirtieth  st. 

Christian  Churches. — The  Christian  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as 
follows:  FIRST  CHURCH,  W.  Jackson  st.  and  Oakley  ave.;  CENTRAL,  Indi- 
ana ave.  and  Thirty-seventh  st.;  CHRISTIAN  (colored),  Apollo  Hall,  2719 
Dearborn  st.:  NORTH  SIDE,  Cooks'  Hall,  Lincoln  ave.  and  Sheffield  ave.; 
WEST  SIDE,  303  and  305  S.  Western  ave. 

Congregational  Churches. — The  Congregational  Churches  of  the  city  are 
located  as  follows:  BETHANY,  Superior  and  Lincoln  sts.;  BETHLEHEM, 
CHAPEL,  709  Loomis  st.,  BOWMANVILLE,  Bowmanville;  CALIFORNIA  AVKNUE, 
California  ave.  and  W.  Monroe;  CENTRAL  PARK,  W.  Forty-first  and  Fulton 
st.;  BRIGHTON,  W.  Thirty  fourth  near  Lincoln  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE 
REDEEMER,  School  st.,  near  Evanston  ave.;  CLINTON  STREET,  S.  Clinton  and 
Wilson  sts.;  COVENANT,  W.  Polk  st.,  nw.  corner  Claremont  ave.;  CRAGIN, 
Armitage  ave.,  near  Grand  ave.;  DOUGLAS  PARK,  903  Sawyer  ave.;  DUNCAN 
AVENUE,  Duncan  ave.,  near  Seventy-seventh  st. ;  EMANUEL  (colored),  2811 
State  st.;  ENGLEWOOD,  School  and  Sixty -fourth  sts.,  Englewood;  ENGLE- 
WOOD  NORTH,  La  Salle  and  Fifty-ninth  sts.;  ENGLEWOOD  TRINITY,  Wright 
and  Sixty-ninth  sts.;  FIRST,  Washington  blvd.,  sw.  corner  Ann  st.;  FIRST 
(Scandinavian),  Point  anfl  Chanay  sts. ;  FORESTVILLE,  Champlain  ave.  and 
Forty-sixth  st.;  GERMAN  PILGRIM,' W.  Fulton  and  W.  Forty-first  sts.;  GRACE, 
Powell  ave.  and  Cherry  pi.;  HUMBOLDT  PARK.W.  Chicago  ave.,  near  N.  Calil 


202  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

(Scandinavian),  North  California  avenue  and  Armitage  'avenue;  FOREST- 
VILLE,  Champiain  avenue  and  Forty-sixth  street;  GERMAN  PILGRIM,  Ayers 
avenue  and  Elmer  street;  GRACE,  Powell  avenue  and  Cherry  pi.;  HERMOSA, 
Howard  ave.  and  Cortland;  HUMBOLDT  PARK,  W.  Chicago  ave.,  nearN.  Cali- 
fornia avenue;  IMMANUEL,  State  and  Twenty-eighth  streets;  JEFFERSON 
PARK,  Jefferson  Park;  JOHANNES  (German),  Franklin  street,  near  Eugenie 
street;  LAKEVIEW,  Seminary  and  Lill  avenues;  LEAVITT  STREET,  Leavitt 
street  and  s.w.  corner  W.  Adams  street;  LINCOLN  PARK,  Garfield  avenue  and 
Mohawk  street;  MILLARD  AVENUE,  S.  Central  Park  avenue,  se.  corner  VV. 
Twenty-third  street;  NEW  ENGLAND,  Dearborn  avenue  and  Delaware  place; 
PACIFIC,  Cortland  and  Ballou  streets;  PLYMOUTH,  Michigan  avenue,  near 
Twenty-sixth  street;  RAVENSWOOD,  Commercial  and  Sulzer  streets;  ROSE- 
HILL,  Rosehill;  WARDIS  (Welch),  Peoria  street  near  Jackson  street;  SEDGWICK 
BRANCH,  Sedgwick  and  Blackhawk  streets;  SOUTH,  Drexel  boul.,  nw. 
corner  Fortieth  street,  SOUTH  (German],  Ullmari  street  and  James  avenue; 
SOUTH  CHICAGO,  South  Chicago;  SOUTH  PARK,  Madison  avenue  and  Fifty- 
sixth  street;  SWEDISH,  South  Peoria  and  Fifty-ninth  streets;  SUMMERDALE, 
near  Summerdale  depot,  Lake  View;  TABERNACLE,  W.  Indiana  street,  se. 
corner  Morgan  street;  UNION  PARK,  8.  Ashland  avenue  and  Washington 
boul.;  UNION  TABERNACLE,  South  Ashland  avenue  and  W.  Twentieth  street; 
WARREN  AVENUE,  Warren  avenue,  sw.  corner  Albany  avenue;  ZION,  Fifty- 
sixth  and  S.  Green  streets. 

Congregational  Missions. — The  following  are  the  Mission  Churches  con- 
ducted by  the  Congregationalists:  ARMOUR,  Thirty-third  street,  near  Butter- 
field  St.;  ASHLAND  AVENUE,  Ashland  avenue  and  Twelfth  street;  CALIFORNIA 
AVENUE,  California  avenue  and  Filmore  street;  CHINESE,  Washington  boul. 
and  S.  Ann  street:  COMMERCIAL  AVENUE,  Commercial  avenue,  near  Ninety- 
sixth  street  (S.  C.);  DORKMUS,  Butler  street,  near  Thirty-first  street;  GRACE- 
LAND,  near  Graceland  Cemetery;  HARRISON  STREET,  Harrison  street,  near 
Halsted  street;  HEGEWISCH,  Hegewisch;  HOUSE  OF  HOPE,  210  W.  Indiana 
street;  HOYNE  AVENUE,  W.  Nineteenth  street,  near  Leavitt  street;  MAPLE- 
WOOD;  Maplewood;  OAKLEY  AVENUE,  W.  Indiana  street,  near  Oakley 
avenue;  RANDOLPH,  79  W.  Randolph  street;  PULLMAN  [Swedish],  Pullman; 
ROBEY  STREET,  N.  Robey  street,  near  Cly bourne  aveime;  SWEDISH,  Lock 
and  Thirty  first  streets;  THIRTEENTH  STREET,  533  W.  Thirteenth  street; 
W.  HARRISON  STREET,  W.  Harrison  street,  near  Kedzie  avenue;  WENT- 
WORTH  AVENUE  [Swedish],  Wentworth  avenue  and  Thirty  ninth  street. 

Baptist  Churches. — The  Baptist  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  fol- 
lows: BELDEN  AVENUE,  N.  Halsted  st.  and  Belden  ave. ;  BETHANY,  Lock  and 
Bonaparte  sts.;  BETHESDA  (Colored),  Thirty-fourth  st.,  se.  cor.  Butterfield 
st.;  CENTENNIAL,  W.  Jackson  st.,  cor.  Lincoln  st. ;  COVENANT,  No.  330  Sixty- 
third  st.;  FIRST,  Englewood  ave.,  near  Stewart  ave.;  ENGLEWOOD (Swedish), 
Wentworthst.,southof  Forty-ninth  st. ;  EVANGEL,  Dearborn  and  Forty-seventh 
sts. ;  FIRST,  South  Park  ave.  and  Thirty-first  st.;  FIRST  (German),  Bickerdike 
and  W.  Huron  sts.;  FIRST  (Swedish),  Oak  st.,  near  Sedgwick  st.;  FOURTH, 
Washington  blvd.,  nw.  cor.  Paulina  st.;  HUMBOLDT  PARK,  Humboldt  and 
Cortland  sts.;  HYDE  PARK,  Madison  ave.  and  Fifty-fourth  st. ,  Hyde  Park ; 
IMMANUEL  (W.  S.),  Michigan  ave.,  near  Twenty-third  st. ;  IRVING  PARK,  Irv- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  203 

Ing  Park;  LAKE  VIEW,  School  street,  near  Lincoln  avenue;  LANGLEY  AVENUE, 
Langley  avenue  and  Seventy-first  street;  LA  SALLE  AVENUE,  La  Salle 
avenue,  near  Division  street;  MEMORIAL,  Oakwood  boul,,  near  Cottage  Grove 
avenue;  MILLARD  AVENUE,  Millard  avenue,  se.  corner  W.  Twenty-fourth 
street,  Lawndale;  NORTH  ASHLAND  AVENUE,  N.  Ashland  avinue,  near  W. 
North  avenue;  OLIVET  (Colored),  Harmon  court  and  Holden  place;  PROVI- 
DENCE (colored),  26  N.  Irving  place;  PULLMAN  (Swedish),  Pullman;  SCAN- 
DINAVIAN BETHEL,  Rockwell  street,  near  Humboldt  Park;  SCANDINAVIAN 
PILGRIM,  N.  Carpenter  and  Ohio  streets;  SECOND,  Morgan  street,  sw.  cornei 
W.  Monroe  street;  SECOND  [German],  Burling  and  Willow  streets;  SECOND 
[Swedish],  3018-3020  Fifth  avenue,  near  Thirty-first  street;  SHILOH  [colored], 
430  Sixty-third  street;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  South  Chicago;  SOUTH  CHICAGO, 
[Swedish],  Fourth  avenue  and  Ninety -eighth  street;  WESTERN  AVENUE, 
Warren  avenue,  nw.  corner  N.  Western  avenue.  WOODLAWN  PARK,  Wood- 
lawn  Park. 

Baptist  Missions. — The  following  are  the  Mission  churches  conducted  by 
the  Baptists :  BOHEMIAN,  Throop  and  Sixteenth  sts.;  CONGRESS,  Washtenaw 
ave.  and  Fiournoy  st. ;  DEARBORN,  3740  State  st. ;  HASTINGS  STREET,  Hastings 
st.  near  Ashland  ave.;  HOPE,  Noble  at.,  sw.  corner  W.  Superior;  OGDEN 
AVEXUE,  643  O.jden  ave.,  in  connection  with  Centennial  Church;  RAYMOND. 
Poplar  ave.  and  Thirtieth  St.;  WABANSIA,  353  Wabansia  ave. 

Evangelical  Association  of  North  America  (German). — The  location  of 
the  churches  of  this  denomination  is  as  follows  :  Chicago  District,  Presiding 
Elder,  Rev.  A.  Fuessele,  residence  658  Sheffield  ave.  ADAMS  STREET,  W. 
Adams  and  Robey  sts. ;  FIRST,  Thirty  fifth  and  Dearborn  sts. ;  CENTENNIAL, 
W.  Harrison,  sw.  corner  Hoyne  ave  ;  HUMBOLDT  PARK,  Wabausia  ave., 
corner  N.  Rock  well  st.;  LANE  PARK,  Roscoe  and  Bosworth  ets. ;  SALEM,  W. 
Twelfth  and  Union  sts.;  SECOND,  Wisconsin  and  Sedgwick  sts.;  EMANUEL, 
Sheffield  ave. ,  ne.  corner  Marianna  st.;  ST.  JOHN'S,  Noble  and  W.  Huron 
sts. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (English)  Churches — The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
(English)  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  CHURCH  OF  THE 
HOLY  TRINITY,  398  La  Salle  ave.;  GRACE,  Belden  ave.  and  Larrabee  st. ;  ST. 
PAUL'S,  Fairfield  and  Hoyne  aves.;  WICKER  PARK,  N.  Hoyne  ave.,  nw. 
corner  LeMoyne  st. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Danish}. — The  Evangelical  Lutheran  (Danish) 
Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  ST.  STEPHENS,  Dearborn  and 
Thirty-sixth  sts.;  TRINITY,  440  and  442  W.  Superior  st. ;  BETHEL,  W.  Lakeand 
Forty-second  sts. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (German) — The  Evangelical  Lutheran  (German) 
Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  ANDREAS,  3650  Honore  ;  BETH- 
LEHEM, N.  Paulina  and  McReynolds  sts.;  CHRIST,  Humboldt  and  Byron  aves. ; 
CHURCH  of  THE  HOLY  CROSS,  Ullman  st.,  nw.  cor.  James  ave.;  EMANUEL, 
Twelfth  st.  and  Ashland;  ave.,  GETHSEMANE,  4407  Wentworth  ave.;  GNADEN, 
169  and  171  Twenty-third  pi.,  near  Portland  ave.;  GRAND  CROSSING,  Grand 
Crossing;  MARCUS,  1119  California  ave.;  MARTINI,  4838  Loomis  ;  NAZAR- 
ETH, Forest  ave.,  near  Fullerton  ave.;  PULLMAN,  Pullman  ;  ST.  JACOBI,  Fre- 
mont st.,  sw.  cor.  Garfield  ave.;  ST.  JOHANNES,  Jefferson;  ST.  JOHN'S,  W. 
Superior  and  Bickerdike  sts.;  ST.  LUCAS,  Belmont  ave.,  Lake  View;  ST. 


204  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

MARK'S,  Ashland  and  Augusta  st.;  ST.  MATTHEW'S,  Hoyne  ave.,  bejt. 
Twentieth  and  Twenty-first  sts. ;  ST.  PAUL'S,  Superior  and  N.  Franklin  sis  ; 
ST.  PETERS,  Dearborn  st.,  south  of  Thirty-ninth  St.;  ST.  SIMON'S,  1339  W. 
North  ave.;  ST.  STEPHEN'S,  838  Chestnut;  ST.  STEPHEN'S,  Wentworth  ave., 
northwest  cor.  Twenty-fifth  st.;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  S.  Chicago  ;  ST.  THOMAS', 
Washtenaw  ave.  and  Iowa  st.;  TRINITY  (U.  A.  C.),  Hanover  st.  and  Twenty- 
fifth  pi.;  TmNiTY(West  Chicago),  9, 11  and  13  Snell  st.  Washington  Heights; 
ZION,  W.  Nineteenth  st.,  cor.  Johnson  st. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Norwegian). — The  Evangelical  Lutheran  (Norwe- 
gian) Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  BETHNIA,  W.  Indiana  st., 
se.  cor.  Carpenter  st. ;  BETHLEHEM,  W.  Huron  st.,  cor.  N.  Centre  Ave,; 
EMANUEL,  Perry  ave.  and  Cherry;  NORWEGIAN,  N.  Franklin  and  ERIE  sts.; 
OUR  SAVIOUR'S,  May  and  W.  Erie  sts.;  St.  PAUL'S,  N.  Lincoln  and  Park  sts.; 
ST.  PETER'S,  Hirsch  st.  and  Seymour  ave.;  TRINITY,  W-  Indiana  st.,  sw.  cor. 
Peoria  st. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Separatists)  Churches. — The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
(Separatists)  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  CHURCH  OF  PEACE, 
N.  Wood  and  Iowa  streets;  FIRST  CHURCH,  270  Augusta  st.,  near  Samuel  st. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Swedish)  Churches. — The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
(Swedish)  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  MISSION,  N.  Franklin 
ave.,  cor.  Whiting  st. ;  GETIISEMANE,  May  and  W.  Huron  sts.;  IMMANUEL, 
Sedgwick  and  Hobble  sts.;  SALEM,  Portland  ave.  and  Twenty-eighth  St.; 
TABERNACLE,  S.  LaSalle  and  Thirtieth  sts. 

Evangelical  ( United)  Churches. — The  Evangelical  (United)  Churches  of  the 
city  are  located  as  follows:  CHURCH  OF  PEACE,  Fifty-second  and  Justine; 
EMANUEL'S,  Forty-sixth  and  Dearborn;  FIRST  GERMAN,  ST.  PAUL'S,  Ohio  st., 
sw.  cor.  La  Salle  ave.;  SECOND  GERMAN,  ZION,  Union  st.,  nw.  cor.  W.  Four- 
teenth St.;  THIRD  GERMAN,  SALEM,  368-372 Twenty-fifth  St.,  near  Wentworth 
ave. ;  FOURTH  GERMAN,  ST.  PETER'S,  Chicago  ave.  and  Noble  st. ;  FIFTH  GEH- 
MAN,  ST.  JOHN'S,  Cortland  st.  near  Seymour  ave.;  LUKAS,  Sixty-second,  cor. 
Green;  MARKUS,  Thirty-fifth,  cor.  Dashiel;  PETRI,  Colehour;  SIXTH  GER- 
MAN, BETHLEHEM,  Diversey  ave,  and  Lewis  st. ;  ST.  NICHOLAS,  Avondale; 
TRINITY  CHURCH,  W.  Twenty-fourth  st.,  sw.  cor.  S.  Robey  st. ;  ZION'S, 
Auburn  Park. 

Evangelical  Reformed. — The  FIRST  GERMAN  church  of  the  Evangelical 
Reformed  denomination  is  located  at  177-179  Hastings  st. ;  THIRD  FRIEDENS, 
1330  Wellington. 

Episcopal  (Reformed)  Churches  .—The  Episcopal  (Reformed)  Churches  of 
Chicago  are  located  as  follows:  SYNOD  of  Chicago,  bishop,  Rt.  Rev.  Charles 
E.  Cheney,  D.  D.  CHRIST,  Michigan  ave.  and  Twenty-fourth  st. ;  EMANUEL, 
Hanover  and  Twenty-eighth  sts.;  ST.  JOHN'S,  Thirty-seventh  st,  cor.  Lang- 
ley  ave. ;  ST.  MARK'S,  Maplewood;  ST.  MARK'S  MISSION,  Huinboldt  Park; 
ST.  MATTHEW'S,  Fullerton  ave.  and  Larrabee  sts.;  TRINITY,  Englewopd; 
TYNG  MISSION,  Archer  ave.  and  Twenty-first  st. ;  ST.  ANSGARIUS,  Sedgwick 
st.  near  Chicago  ave. ;  ST.  BARNABAS',  Park  ave.  and  Forty-fourth  st. ;  ST. 
BARTHOLOMEW'S,  Sixty-fifth  si.  and  Stewart  ave.;  St.  GEORGE'S,  Grand  Cross- 
ing; ST.  LUKE'S,  388  S.  Western  ave. ;  ST.  MARK'S  Cottage  Grove  ave.  and 
Thirty-ninth  st.;  ST.  PAUL'S,  4928  Lake  ave. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  205 

Episcopal  Reformed  Missionary. — Jurisdiction  of  the  Northwest  and  West, 
Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows,  D.  D.,  bishop;  ST.  PAUL'S  CHURCH,  W.  Adamast., 
cor.  Winchester  ave. 

Episcopal  Churches. — The  Episcopal  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  aa 
follows — Bishop  of  Diocese  of  Chicago,  Rt.  Rev.  William  E.  McLaren, 
D.  D.,  D.  C.  L.,  office  18  S.  Peoria  St.,  residence  255  Ontario  «t.  ALL  SAINTS', 
757  N.  Clark;  ALL  SAINTS',  Ravenswood;  CATHEDRAL  SS.  PETER  AND 
PAUL,  Washington  blvd.  and  Peoria  st. ;  CALVARY,  Western  av.  and  Monroe 
st.;  CHRIST,  Sixty-fourth  st.  and  Woodlawn  av.;  CHURCH  OP  ATONEMENT, 
Edgewater;  CHURCH  OF  OUR  SAVIOR,  Lincoln  and  Belden  aves.;  CHURCH  OF 
ST.  CLEMENT,  State  and  Twentieth  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  ST.  PHILIP  THE  EVAN- 
GELIST, Archer  ave.  and  Thirty -fifth  at. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  ASCENSION,  N. 
La  Salle  and  Elm;  CHURCH  OF  THE  EPIPHANY,  S.  Ashland  ave.,  corner  W. 
Adams,  CHURCH  OF  THE  GOOD  SHEPHERD,  Millard  ave. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE 
REDEEMER,  Fifty-seventh  st.  and  Washington  ave. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  TRANS- 
FIGURATION, Prairie  ave.  and. Thirty-ninth  st. ;  GRACE,  1445  Wabash  ave.  near 
Sixteenth  st.;  ST.  ALBAN'S,  State  st.  near  Forty -fifth;  ST.  ANDREWS,  Washfbg- 
ton  blvd.  and  Robey  st.;  ST.  JAMES',  cor.  Cass  and  Huron  st.;  ST.  JOHN'S  (So. 
Chicago.)  Commercial  ave.  and  Ninety-second  St.;  ST.  PETER'S,  1532  N. 
Clark;  ST.  STEPHEN'S,  Johnson  st.  near  W.  Taylor  st.;  ST.  THOMAS'  (colored) 
Dearborn  st.  near  Thirtieth  st. ;  TRINITY,  Michigan  ave".  and  Twenty-sixth  st. 

Episcopal  Missions  and  Chapels. — The  Missions  and  Chapels  conducted  by 
the  Episcopalians  are  as  follows:  ADVENT  MISSION,  W.  Madison,  near 
Albany  ave.;  CHAPEL  OF  ST.  LUKE'S  HOSPITAL,  1430  Indiana  ave.;  DOUGLAS 
PARK  MISSION,  superintendent,  Rev.  H.  W.  Scaife,  M.  D. ;  HOLY  TRINITY, 
Stock  yards;  HOME  FOR  INCURABLES,  Ellis  ave.,  south  of  Fifty-fifth  st.;  MIS- 
SION OF  NATIVITY,  W.  Indiana  st.,  near  Lincoln  st,;  SISTERS  OF  ST.  MARY 
CHAPEL,  Washington  blvd.  and  Peoria;  ST.  JAMES'  MISSION,  Elm  st. 

Free  Methodist  Churches. — The  Free  Methodist  Churches  of  Chicago  are 
located  as  foMows:  FIRST,  16  N.  May;  SECOND,  447  Ogden  ave.;  SOUTH 
SIDE,  5251  Dearborn  st.;  MILWAUKEE  AVENUE,  Mozart  st.  near  Armitage 
ave.;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  So.  Chicago. 

Independent  Churches. — The  Independent  Churches  of  Chicago  are  located 
as  follows:  CHICAGO  AVENUE  (Moody's),  Chicago  ave.  nw.  corner  LaSalle 
ave..  CENTRAL  CHURCH  (Swing's),  Central  Music  Hall,  State  st.,  se.  corner 
Randolph  st,. ;  MARKET  STREET  MISSION,  38  Kinzie  st. ;  PEOPLE'S  CHURCH 
(Thomas'),  McVicker's  Theatre. 

Jewish  Synagogues. — The  Jewish  Synagogues  of  the  city  are  located  as 
follows:  ANSHE  EMES,  341  Sedgwick  st. ;  ANSHE  KANESSES  ISRAEL,  se.  cor. 
Judd  and  Clinton  sts.;  ANSHE  RUSSIA-POLA-SEDEK,  S.  Clinton  cor.  Twelfth; 
CONGREGATION  BETH  HAMEDRASH  HACH  ODOSCH,  439  Clark  st.;  CONGREGA- 
TION BETH  HAMEDRASH  134  Pacific  ave.;  CONGREGATION B'NAI  ABRAHAM,  se. 
cor.  Wright  st.  and  Newberry  ave.;  CONGREGATION  EMANUEL,  280  and  282 
N.  Franklin  st.;  CONGREGATION  OHAVEH  EMUNAH,  386  Clark  st.;  CONGRE- 
GATION OHAVEH  SHOLOM,  582  S.  Canal  st.;  CONGREGATION  OF  THE  NORTH 
SiDE.ne.  cor.  Rush  st.  and  Walton  pi.;  CONGREGATION  MOSES  MONTEFIORE, 
130  Augusta  st. ;  CONGREGATION  BETHEL,  N.  May  st.  near  W.Huron  St.; 
KEHILATH  ANSHE  MAARIV  (Congregation  of  the  men  of  the  West),  Indiana 
ave.  and  Thirty-third  st, ;  KEHILATH  B'NAI  SHOLOM  (Sons  of  Peace),  Twenty- 
sixth,  cor.  Indiana;  SINAI  CONGREGATION,  Indiana  ave.  and  Twenty-first  St.; 
ZION  CONGREGATION,  se.  cor.  Washington  blvd.  and  Ogden  ave, 


206  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Ghurchet. — The  Methodist  Episcopal  Churches  of 
the  city  are  located  as  follows:  ADA  STREET,  Ada  st.,  between  W.  Lake 
and  Fulton  sts. ;  ASBURY,  3120  and  3122  Fifth  ave. ;  AUBURN  PARK,  Auburn 
Park;  AVONDALE,  Avondale:  BETHANY,  ne.  cor.  Francisco  and  W.  Jackson 
sts. ;  BRIGHTON  PARK,  nw.  cor.  Thirty-eighth  st.  and  Washtenaw  ave.;  CEN- 
TENARY, 295  W.  Monroe  st.,  near  Morgan  st.;  CHICAGO  LAWN,  Chicago  Lawn; 
CUMMINGS,  Cummings;  DEERING,  nw.  cor.  Ward,  and  Dunning  sts.;  DOUG- 
LAS PARK,  624  S.  Washtenaw  ave.;  ENGLEWOOD,  6410  Stewart  ave.;  ERIE 
STREET,  W.  Erie  st.  near  N.  Robey  st. ;  FIFTY-FOURTH  STREET,  Fifty-fourth 
and  Peoria  sts. ;  FIRST,  Clark  and  Washington  sts.;  FORTY-SEVENTH,  Forty- 
seventh  and  Dreyer  sts.;  FULTON  STREET,  891  and  893  Fulton  St.,  west  of 
Oakley  ave. ;  GARFIELD PARK,  W.  Lake,  cor.  Homan  ave.;  GRACE,  LaSalle 
ave.  and  Locust  st. ;  GRACE,  Kensington;  GRAND  CROSSING,  Grand  Crossing; 
GROSS,  Gross  Park;  HALSTED  STREET,  778  to  784  S.  Halsted  st. ;  Harrison 
and  Forty-second  st. ;  HEGEWISCH,  Hegewisch  ave. ,  south  of  One  hundred  and 
Thirty-third  st.;  HKRMOSA,  Hermosa;  HUMBOLDT  PARK,  Humboldt  Park; 
HVbE  PARK,  Hyde  Park;  IRVING  PARK,  Irving  Park;  KENWOOD,  83  Forty- 
third  st. ;  LEAVITT  AND  DEKALB,  N.  Ogden  ave. ;  LINCOLN  STREET,  se.  cor. 
Ambrose  and  S.Lincoln  sts.;  MARSHFIKLD  AVENUE,  Marshfield  st.,  south 
of  W.  Van  Buren  st. ;  MORELAND,  Moreland;  NORMAL  PARK,  Normal  Park; 
North  ave;  NOUTHWEST,  Homer  st.  west  of  juuct.  Milwaukee  and  Western 
ave. ;  OAKLAND,  sw.  cor.  Langley  ave.  and  Oakland  blvd.;  PARK  AVENUE, 
se.  cor.  Robey  st.  and  Park  ave.;  PARK  MANOR,  6758  S.  Chicago  ave., 
Park  Side;  PAULINA  STREET,  3342  S.  Paulina  st.,  near  Archer  ave. :  PULLMAN, 
Pullman;  RAVENSWOOD,  Commercial  and  Sunnyside  ave.;  SACRAMENTO 
AVENUE,  Sacramento  ave.  head  of  Adams  st. ;  SHEFFIELD  AVENUE,  Sheffield 
ave. and  George  st. ;  SIMPSON  MISSION,  LaSalle  and  Fifty-ninth  sts.;  Sixty- 
fourth  and  Loomis;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  na.  c  )r.  Ninety-tirst  st.  and  Superior 
ave.;  SOUTH  ENGLEWOOD,  Murray,  cor.  Eighty-seventh  st. ;  SOUTH  PARK 
AVENUE,  Thirty-third  st.  and  South  Park  ave. ;  STATE  STREET,  4637  State 
st. ;  ST.  PAUL'S,  W.  Taylor  st.  and  Center  ave.;  TRINITY,  Indiana  ave.  near 
Twenty-fourth  st. ;  WABASH  AVKNUE,  Fourteenth  st.  and  Wabash  ave.; 
WESLEY,  1003  and  1009  N.  Halsted  st.;  WESTERN  AVENUE,  W.  Monroe  st., 
and  Western  ave.;  VICKER  PARK  MISSION,  Milwaukee  and  W.  North  aves. ; 
WINTER  STREET,  N.  W.  Gordon  and  Dashiel  sts.;  WOODLAWN  PARK,  Wood- 
lawn  Park. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (African)  Churches. — The  Methodist  Episcopal 
African)  Churches  of  the  city  are  as  follows:  ALLEN,  Avondale;  BETHEL, 
ARLINGTON  HALL,  Thirty-first;  QUINN'S,  Central  Hall,  Wabash  ave.;  ST. 
STEPHEN'S,  682  Austin  ave.;  ZION,  Dearborn  st.,  between  Twenty-ninth  and 
Thirtieth  sts. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Bohemian)  Churches. — The  Methodist  Episcopal 
(Bohemian)  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows:  FIRST,  778  S.  Hal- 
sted st, ;  SECOND,  S.  Halsted  and  W.  Twelfth. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (German)  Churches. — The  Methodist  Episcopal  (Ger- 
man) Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows:  ASHLAND  AVKNUE,  485  N. 
Ashland  ave. ;  CENTENNIAL  MISSION,  Wellington  and  Sheffield  aves. ,  Lake  View; 
CENTER  STREET,  nw.  cor.  Dayton  and  Centre  els.;  CLYBOURNE  AVENUE,  51 
and  53  Clybourne  ave.;  DEERING  MISSION.  Clybourne  ave.,  near  Fullerton 
ave.;  EBENEEZER,  sw.  cor.  Thirty-first  and  Ullman  sts.;  FULLERTON  AVENUE, 
ne.  cor.  N.  Wester^ ave.  and  W.  Fullerton  ave.;  IMMANUEL,  832  and  834  W. 


ME    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  207 

Twenty-second  st.;  MAXWELL  STKKET,  308  Maxwell  st. ;  PORTLAND  AVENUE, 
se. cor.  Twenty-eighth  st.  and  Portland  ave.;  ROBEY  STREET  MISSION,  Robey 
st.,  near  W.  Twelfth  st. ;  WKNTWORTH  AVENUE,  Wentworth  ave.,  south  of 
Thirty  seventh  st. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Norwegian)  Churches. — The  Methodist  Episcopal 
(Norwegian)  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows:  IMMANUEL,  W. 
Huron  and  Bickerdike  sts. ;  FIRST,  se.  cor.  Sangamon  and  W.  Indiana  sts.; 
MORELAND,  Moreland;  PARK  SIDE  — ;  TRINITY,  Maplewood  and  Thompson. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Swedish)  Churclies. — The  Methodist  Episcopal  (Swed- 
ish) Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows:  ATLANTIC  STREET,  Atlantic 
aud  Fifty-second  sts.;  ENGLEWOOD,  Sixty-seventh  at.  and  Stewart  ave.;  FIFTH 
AVENUE,  ne.  cor.  Thirty-third;  FIRST,  N.  Market  and  Oak  sts.;  FOREST  GLEN, 
Jefferson;  HUMBOLDT  PARK,  Fairfield  Ave.,  near  North  ave.;  LAKE  VIEW, 
Baxter  st.  and  Noble  ave.;  MAY  STREET,  N.  May  St.,  between  W.  Ohio  and 
Erie  sts.;  PULLMAN,  Arcade  blvd.,  Pullman;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  South  Chicago; 
SWEDISH  MISSION, Chicago  ave.,  opposite  Milton  ave. 

Presbyterian  Churches. — The  Presbyterian  Churches  of,  the  city  are 
located  as  follows:  BELDEN  AVENUE,  Beldenand  Seminary  aves. ;  BETHANY, 
HumboldtPark  blvd.,  north  of  Humbnldt  Park;  CAMPBELL  PARK,  Leavitt  st. 
and  Campbell  Park;  BROOKLINE,  Brookline;  CENTRAL  PARK,  W.  Madison, 
nw.  cor.  Sacramento  ave.,  Occidental  Hall;  CHURCU  OF  THE  COVENANT,  se. 
cor.  Belden  ave.  and  N.  Halsted  St.;  EIGHTH  CHURCH,  nw.  cor.  Robey  and 
Washington  blvd.;  FIFTH  CHURCH,  Thirtieth  st.  and  Indiana  ave.;  EMERALD 
AVENUE,  Emerald  ave.  and  Sixty-seventh  st. ;  FIRST  CHURCH  OF  ENGLEWOOD, 
Sixty-fourth  and  Yale  sts.;  FIRST  CHURCH,  Indiana  ave.  and  Twenty-first  st.; 
FIRST  (German)  CHURCH,  Willow,  cor.  Orchard;  FIRST  (Scotch  Church),  8. 
Sangamon  and  W.  Adams  sts. ;  FIRST  (United  Church),  S.  W.  Paulina  and  W. 
Monroe  sts. ;  FORTY-FIRST  STHEET,  Prairie  ave.  and  Forty-first  st. ;  FOURTH, 
Rush  and  Superior  sts.;  FULLERTON  AVENUE,  nw.  cor.  Larrabee  st.  and 
Fullerton  ave.;  GRACE  (colored),  DEARBORN,  s.  of  Thirty-fourth;  HOLLAND, 
Noble  and  W.  Erie  sts. ;  HYDE  PARK,  Hyde  Park;  IMMANUEL,  Archer  ave.  and 
Thirty-first  st. ;  JEFFERSON  PARK,  W.  Adams  and  Throop  sts. ;  LAKE,  nw.  cor. 
Forty-second  and  Winter  sts.;  LAKE  VIEW,  Evanston  ave.  and  Addison  st. ; 
MORKLAND,  Fulton  and  W.  Forty  eighth  sts.;  NORMAL  PARK,  Sixty -ninth, 
cor.  Yale;  PULLMAN,  Pullman;  RAILROAD  CHAPEL,  1419  State  st.;  REUNION, 
sw  cor.  Hastings  st.  and  S.  Ashland  ave.;  SECOND,  Michigan  ave.  and  Twen- 
tieth st.;  SIXTH,  Vincennes  and  Oak  aves.;  SIXTIETH  STREET,  Sixtieth  and 
School  sts.;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  South  Chicago;  TENTH,  Forty-second,  cor. 
Winter;  THIRD,  S.  Ashland  and  Ogden  aves.;  WESTMINSTER,  161  S.  Peoria 
st.,  cor.  W.  Jackson  st.;  WELSH,  ne.  cor.  Sangamon  and  W.  Monroe  sts.; 
WOODLAWN  PARK,  Woodlawn  Park. 

Presbyterian  Missions. — The  missions  conducted  by  the  Presbyterians 
are  located  as  follows:  BURR,  se.  cor.  Twenty-third  st.  and  Wentwonh  ave.; 
HOPE,  Augusta  St.,  near  Western  ave.;  MOSELEY,  2539  Calumet  ave.; 
ONWARD,  W.  Indiana  st.  and  Hoyne  ave.;  GROSS  PARK,  School,  cor.  Gross; 
CHRIST  CHAPEL,  Center  and  Orchard  sts.;  WEST  OHIO  STREET,  W.  Ohio  st., 
near  Lawndale  ave.;ELSTON  AVENUE,  Elstou  ave.,  near  Fullerton  ave.; 
ENGLEWOOD  HEIGHTS,  Eighty-ninth,  cor.  Page;  ERIE  CHAPEL,  Erie,  cor. 
Noble;  FIFTY-FIFTH  STREET  BRANCH,  566  Fifty-fifth  st.;  FOSTER,  173  S. 
DesPlaines  st. ;  HEGEWISCH,  S.  Chicago  ave.,  cor.  133d  st. ;  LARRABKE  STREET, 
Larrabee  st.,  near  Cly bourne  ave.;  MEDICAL,  2242  Wentworth  ave.;  COLORADO 
AVENUE,  Colorado  ave.,  near  W.  Harrison;  OLIVET,  Larrabee,  cor.  Vedder; 


208  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

WENTWORTH  AVENUE,  Wentworth  ave. ,  near  Forty-third  st. ;  SOUTH  CHI- 
CAGO AVENUE,  J  cor.  100th.  WEST  CHICAGO  AVENUE,  Chicago  ave.,  cor. 
Lawndale.  Services  are  held  at  all  these  Missions  at  3  P.  M.  Sundays. 

Presbyterian  Church  (United.) — FIRST  CHURCH,  located  at  the  corner  of 
W.  Monroe  and  South  Paulina  sts. 

Roman  Catholic  Churches. — Archbishop  of  Chicago,  Most  Rev.  Patrick  A. 
Feehan,  D.D.;  vicar -general,  Very  Rev.  D.  M.  J.  Dowling;  chancellor  and 
secretary,  Rev.  P.  J.  Muldoon,  311  Superior  st.  The  Roman  Catholic 
Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows:  CATHEDBAL  OP  THE  HOLT 
NAME,  Superior  and  N  State  sts.;  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCH,  sw.  cor.  Twenty-' 
fifth  pi.  and  Wallace  St.;  CHAPEL  OP  OUR  LADY  OP  MERCY,  St.  Paul's 
Home;  CHURCH  OP  NOTRE  DAME,  DE  CHICAGO  (French),  Vernon  Park  pi. 
and  Sibley  St.;  CHURCH  OP  OUR  LADY  OP  GOOD  COUNSEL  (Bohemian),  West- 
ern ave.  and  Cornelia  St.;  CHURCH  OF  OUR  LADY  OP  MOUNT  CARMEL,  Welling^ 
ton  and  Beacher  sts.;  CHURCH  OP  OUR  LADY  OP  SORROWS,  1406  W.  Jackson 
st  ;  CHURCH  OP  THE  ANNUNCIATION,  sw.  cor.  Wabansia  ave.  and  N.  Paulina 
St.;  CHURCH  OP  THE  ASSUMPTION  (Italian),  Illinois  st.,  near  N.  Market  st.; 
CHURCH  OP  THE  BLESSED  SACRAMENT,  West  Twenty-second  street; 
CHURCH  OP  THE  HOLY  ANGELS,  282  Oakwood  blvd.;  CHURCH  OP  THE  HOLY 
ANGELS,  Hoyneave.;  CHURCH  OP  THK  HOLY  FAMILY,  May  and  W.  Twelfth 
sts.;  CHURCH  OP  THE  HOLY  ROSARY,  sw.  cor.  S.  Park  ave.  and  One  Hundred 
and  Thirteenth  st.,  Roseland;  CHURCH  OF  THE  IMMACULATE  CONCEPTION,  N. 
Franklin  st.,  north  of  Schiller  st. ;  CHURCH  OP  THE  NATIVITY,  Thirty-seventh 
and  Dashielsts.;  CHURCH  OP  THE  SACRED  HEART,  se.  cor.  W.  Nineteenth 
and  Johnson  sts.;  CHURCH  OP  THE  VISITATION,  Fifty-first  and  Morgan  sts.; 
HOLY  TRINITY  (German),  S.  Lincoln  and  Taylor  sts.;  HOLY  TRINITY  (Polish), 
Noble  and  Ingraham  sts.;  IMMACULATE  CONCEPTION  B.  V.  M.  (German),  2944- 
2946  Bonfield  st.,  near  Archer  ave.;  IMMACULATE  CONCEPTION  B.  V.  M. 
(Polish),  nw.  cor.  Eighty -eighth  st.  and  Commercial  ave.;  ST.  ALBERT'S 
CHURCH  (Polish).  W.  Seventeenth  and  Paulina  sts.;  ST.  AGNES',  S.  Washte- 
naw  ave.,  near  Thirty-eighth  st. ;  ST.  ALOYSIUS'  (German),  Thompson  and 
Davis  sts.;  ST.  ALPHONSUS'  (German),  Lincoln  and  Southport  aves.;  ST. 
ANN'S,  Fifty  -fifih  st.  and  Went  worth  ave.;  ST.  ANTHONY  OP  PADUA  (German). 
BO.  cor.  Twenty-fourth  pi.  and  Hanover  St.;  ST.  AUGUSTIN'S (German),  Fifty- 
first  and  Laflin  sts.;  ST.  AUGUSTIN'S  (colored),  2251  Indiana  ave.;  ST.  BER- 
NARD'S, Sixty-sixth  st.  and  Stewart  ave. ;  ST.  BERNARD'S  CHURCH  (French). 
Brighton  Park;  ST.  BONIFACE'S  (German),  Cornell  and  Noble  sts. ;  ST.  BREN- 
DON'S  CHURCH,  Sixty-seventh,  cor.  Bishop;  ST.  BRIDGET'S,  Archer  ave.  and 
Church  pi.;  ST.  CASIMIR'S  CHURCH  (Polish),  Twenty-second,  cor.  Little;  ST. 
CECELIA'S,  Bristol  st.,  near  Wentworth  ave.;  ST.  CHARLES  BORROMEO'S, 
87-91  Cypress  st. ;  ST.  COLUMBAS'  CHURCH,  Mackinaw,  south  of  133d  st.;  ST. 
BRIDGET'S,  Archer  ave.  and  Church  pi.;  ST.  CECELIA'S,  Bristol  st., 
near  Wentworth  ave.;  ST.  CHARLES  BORROMEO'S,  87-91  Cypress  St.;  ST. 
COLUMBKILL'S,  N.  Paulina  and  W.  Indiana  sts. ;  ST.  ELIZABETH'S,  ne.  cor. 
State  and  Forty-first  sts.;  ST.  FRANCIS  OP  ASSISIUM  (German),  W.  Twelfth 
st.  and  Newberry  ave.;  ST.  FRANCIS  DE  SALES,  Ewing  ave.  and  One  Hundred 
and  Second  st.;  ST.  FRANCIS  XAVIER  (German),  Avondale;  ST.  GABRIEL'S,  se. 
cor.  Wallace  and  Forty -fifth  sts.;  ST.  GEORGE'S  (German),  3915  Fifth  ave.; 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  209 

ST.  HEDWIG'S  (Polish),  North  side  Kosciusco,  bet.  N.  Hoyne  ave.  and  St. 
Hedwig  st.;  ST.  JAMES',  Wabash  ave.  and  Thirtieth  st.;  ST.  JARLATH'S,  Her- 
mitage ave.  and  W.  Jackson  st.;  ST.  JOHN'S,  Eighteenth  and  Clark  sts.;  ST. 
JOHN'S  NEPOMUCENE'S  (Bohemian),  Twenty-fifth  st.  and  Portland  ave.;  ST. 
JOHN  THE  BAPTIST  (French),  Thirty  third ct.,  near  S.  Wood  st.;  ST.  JOSEPH'S 
CHUUCH  (French)  Brighton  Park  ;  ST.  JOSEPH'S  (German),  N.  Market  and 
Hill  sts  ;  ST.  JOSEPH'S  (Polish),  Forty-eighth  and  Paulina  sts. ;  ST.  JOSA- 
PHAT'S  (Polish),  nw.  cor.  Ward  st.  and  Beldon  ave.;  ST.  KEVIN'S  CHURCH, 
Cummings ;  ST.  LAWRENCE'S,  Seventy-fifth  St.,  near  Brooks  ave.,  Grand 
Crossing  ;  ST.  LEO'S,  Wright  st.  and  Schorling  ave.,  Auburn  Park  ;  ST. 
Louis,  Pullman  ;  ST.  MALACHY'S  Walnut  st.  and  Western  ave. ;  ST.  MARTIN'S 
(German),  Forty-ninth  and  School  sts.;  ST.  MARY'S,  Wabash  ave.  and  Eld- 
ridge  ct. ;  ST.  MARY'S  (German),  Riverdale ;  ST.  MARY'S  OP  PERPETUAL 
HELP  (Polish),  901  Thirty-second  St.,  near  Ullman  st.;  ST.  MATHIAS',  Bow- 
manville  :  ST.  MAURITIUS'  CHURCH,  36th,  cor.  Hoyne.;  ST.  MICHAEL'S  (Ger- 
man), Eugenie  st.  and  Cleveland  ave: ;  ST.  MONICA'S  CHURCH,  2251  Indiana 
ave.;  ST.  NICOLAS'  CHURCH  (German),  113th  PI.  cor.  State; 
ST.  PATRICK'S,  Commercial  ave.,  near  Ninety-fifth  St.,  South  Chicago; 
ST.  PATRICK'S,  S.  Desplaines  and  W.  Adams  sts.;  ST.  PAUL'S  (German) 
8.  Hoyne  ave.  and  Ambrose  st. ;  ST.  PETER'S  (German),  Clark  and  Polk  sts.; 
SS.  PETER  AND  PAUL,  Ninety  first  st.  and  Exchange  ave.,  South  Chicago;  St. 
PHILIP'S,  Park  ave.  and  W.  Forty-third  St.;  ST.  Pius',  se.  cor.  W.  Nineteenth 
st.  and  S.  Ashland  ave. ;  ST.  PROCOPIUS'  (Bohemian),  Allport  and  W.  Eight- 
eenth sts.;  ST.  ROSE  OP  LIMA,  Ashland  ave.,  neai  Forty-eighth  8t.;  ST. 
STANISLAUS  KOSTKA'S  (Polish),  Noble  and  Ingraham  sts.;  ST.  STEPHEN'S, 
N.  Sangamon  and  W.  Ohio  sts.;  ST.  SYLVESTER'S,  California  and  Shakespeare 
aves.;  ST.  TERESA'S  (German),  Centre  and  Clyde  sts.;  ST.  THOMAS',  Fifty- 
fifth  st.,  Hyde  Park.;  ST.  VIATEUR'S,  Belmout  and  Crawford  aves.;  ST. 
VINCENT  DE  PAUL'S,  Webster  ave.  and  Osgood  st.;  ST.  VITUS,  Paulina  and 
Van  Horn  sts.;  ST.  WENCESLAUS'  (Bohemian),  173  De  Kovcn  st. 

Swedenborgian  (New  Jerusalem)  Churches. — The  Swedenborgian  (New 
Jerusalem)  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as  follows  :  NEW  CHURCH 
TEMPLE,  Van  Buren  st.,  east  of  Wabash  ave. 

Unitarian  Churches. — The  Unitarian  Churches  of  the  city  are  located  as 
follows:  ALL  SOULS',  Oakwood  blvd.,  se.  corner  Langley  ave.;  UNITY,  se. 
cor.  Walton  pi.  and  Dearborn  ave. 

Universalist  Churches. — The  Universalist  Churches  of  the  city  are  located 
as  follows  :  CHICAGO  LAWN,  Chicago  Lawn  ;  CHURCH  OP  THE  REDEEMER, 
ne.  cor.  Robey  st.  and  Warren  ave.;  ST.  PAUL'S,  Prairie  ave.  and  Thirtieth 
St.;  ENGLEWOOD,  Sixty-third  St.,  Englewood  ;  RYDER,  Woodlawn  Park  ; 
THIRD,  N.  Clark,  nr.  Wellington  ave. ;  UNIVERSALIST  MISSION,  Fifty-fourth, 
cor.  State. 

Miscellaneous  Churches. — Churches  not  mentioned  above  are  located 
as  follows  :  DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST,  meet  every  1st  day  at  10:30  A.  M.  and  7:30 
P.  M.  at  23  and  25  Kendall  St.;  FIRST  SOCIETY  OF  SPIRITUALISTS, meet  at  55 
y.  Ada  st.,  at  10:45  A.  M.  and  7:45  P.  M.,  Sundays;  GERMAN  ADVENT,  272  and 
274  Augusta  st.,  services  10  A.  M.  and  7:30  p.  M.;  SCANDINAVIAN  CHAPEL,  269 
W.  Erie  St.,  services  Saturday,  10  A.  M. 


210  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

CITY  RAILWAY  SERVICE. 

The  City  railway,  or  intramural  service  of  Chicago,  embraces  horse-car, 
cable,  electric  and  elevated  railroads.  The  great  existing  street-car  compa- 
nies operating  horse  and  cable  lines  are  the  Chicago  City  Railway  Company, 
which  operates  the  lines  of  the  South  Side;  the  West  Chicago  City  Railway 
Company,  which  operates  the  lines  of  the  West  Side,  being  practically  the 
owner  of  the  Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Company,  which  also  operates 
lines  in  that  division  of  the  city;  and  the  North  Chicago  Street  Railroad  Com- 
pany, which  operates  the  lines  of  the  North  Side.  The  South  Chicago  City 
Railway  Company  is  an  independent  line.  The  West  Chicago,  North  Chi- 
cago and  Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Company  are  under  one  management, 
Mr.  Charles  T.  Yerkes  being  president.  Chicago,  according  to  the  last  cen- 
sus, stand?  third  in  length  of  street  railways,  as  follows:  Philadelphia,  283 
miles;  Boston,  201  miles;  Chicago,  185  miles;  New  York,  177  miles.  But 
when  we  take  miles  of  track,  including  sidings  and  switches,  the  ratio  is 
changed  as  follows:  Chicago,  375  miles;  New  York,  3G9  miles;  Boston,  329 
miles;  Philadelphia,  324  miles. 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  SERVICE. — In  view  of  all  the  surrounding  circum- 
stances, many  of  which  have  contributed  toward  making  street  car  transpor- 
tation in  Chicago  difficult,  the  service  rendered  the  public  by  the  different 
street  railway  companies  is  unsurpassed  in  any  city  in  the  world.  Yet  in  no 
city  in  the  country,  probably,  have  street  car  companies  been  subjected  to 
more  severe  and  unfair  criticism.  The  basis  of  this  criticism  has  usually 
been  a  comparison  with  the  lines  operated  in  other  and  smaller  places,  and 
in  population  centers  where  the  conditions  are  entirely  unlike  those  which 
have  to  be  contended  with  in  Chicago.  The  West  and  North  Side  companies 
have  borne  the  brunt  of  the  ill-natured  and  unreasonable  abuse,  which  cer- 
tain papers  sent  broadcast  without  as  much  as  deigning  intelligent  inquiry  as 
to  the  causesof  such  public  annoyance  as  has  occurred.  Especially  is  this 
the  case  in  the  matter  of  stoppages  and  accidents  of  various  kinds,  all  of 
which  have  been  susceptible  of  satisfactory  explanation,  and  that  without 
the  slightest  reflection  on  the  several  managements,  or  the  city.  The  climatic 
difficulties,  for  instance,  have  not  been  the  slightest  of  the  causes,  nor  yet 
the  easiest  to  overcome  in  perfecting  the  several  cable  systems.  We  have 
here  the  greatest  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  the  variations  at  times  having 
been  as  radical  as  60°  in  twenty  four  hours.  Common  intelligence  under- 
stands at  a  glance  that  such  a  condition  means  the  great  contraction  and 
expansion  of  metals,  and  opens  upa  long  line  of  impediments  in  the  success- 
ful operating  of  machinery  exposed  to  the  elements,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
effect  on  the  slot  rails  of  cable  roads.  These  great  extremes  are  not  experi- 
enced in  cities  like  San  Francisco,  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  or  New  York,  yet 
the  critics  seem  to  have  forgotten  this.  In  many  of  the  cities,  too,  it  is  unusual 
for  a  "  grip  "  car  to  haul  more  than  one  trailer.  But  in  Chicago  the  South, 
North  and  West  Side  lines  always  draw  two,  and  often  three  trailers,  and  con- 
sequently much  heavier  loads  than  are  carried  in  other  places.  Then,  again, 
nowhere  else  do  the  ''  grips"  run  so  close  together  as  here,  especially  in  the 
early  morning  and  evening  hours  when  they  are  often  not  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  minute  apart.  This,  however,  is  only  a  mere  taste  of  the  exactions  on 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  211 

the  West  and  North  Side  systems  by  eomparison,  for  while  on  most  cable 
roads  the  tracks  are  straight  and  run  on  a  level,  here  they  bend  around  blocks 
in  the  formation  of  return  "loops,"  and  while  on  the  "  loops"  climb  steep 
tunnel  grades,  and  this  when  they  are  loaded  the  heaviest.  For  instance,  the 
West  Madison  street  train  coming  east  turns  at  Jefferson  and  Madison  sts., 
at  Jefferson  and  Washington  (going  into  the  tunnel  beneath  the  river),  at 
Washington  and  Fifth  ave.  (having  passed  under  the  river),  at  Fifth  ave.  and 
Madison,  and  at  Madison  and  La  Salle  ;  and  going  west,  at  LaSalle  and  Ran- 
dolph, at  Randolph  and  Fifth  ave.,  at  Fifth  ave.  and  Washington,  at  Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson,  and  at  Jefferson  and  Madison.  The  service  of  the 
North  Side  cable  is  equally,  if  not  more,  exacting — its  loop  being  longer,  its 
curves  shorter,  and  the  engineering  difficulties  more  complicated.  In  a  word, 
nowhere  else  are  like  demands  made  on  cable  roads,  for  while  it  is  true  that 
other  systems  have  "  loops,"  it  is  also  true  that,  from  the  nature  of  their 
termini  they  are  used  as  switches  to  haul  empty  cars  around;  then,  again, 
the  further  fact  that  the  systems  spoken  of  are  the  only  ones  in  the  country 
that  have  tunnels  as  parts  of  their  "loops"  should  not  be  lost  sight  of  in 
making  comparisons.  But,  with  it  all,  the  service  of  these  particular  sys- 
tems is  simply  marvelous  in  its  regularity,  and  at  the  same  time  makes  the 
dream  of  rapid  transit  a  reality.  The  cars  are  comfortable,  the  roads  thor- 
oughly equipped. 

INCREASING  TRAFFIC. — The  traffic  on  the  street  car  lines  and  suburban 
railways  is  increasing  at  an  enormous  rate  annually.  The  street  cars  in  all 
divisions  of  the  city  are  over-crowded  almost  constantly.  The  North,  West 
and  South  Side  cars  are  all  carrying  more  people  than  they  were  built  to 
carry,  but  still  the  number  of  passengersis  increasing  every  day.  The  sub- 
urban trains  are  all  crowded.  On  the  Illinois  Central  the  same  state  of  affairs 
exists.  That  road  has  108  trains  every  day  to  accommodate  its  suburban  traf- 
fic, and,  although  from  five  to  twelve  cars  on  each  train,  which  run  half  an 
hour  apart,  except  in  the  early  morning  and  evening  hours,  when  there  is  an 
interval  of  five  minutes  between  trains,  the  seats  are  always  filled,  and  often 
people  are  standing  as  near  together  as  possible,  in  every  car.  When  a  train 
is  a  few  minutes  late  the  crowding  is  worse.  The  Northwestern  and  St.  Paul 
trains  are  also  crowded,  while  the  newer  roads,  which  are  just  developing  a 
suburban  region,  can  scarcely  keep  up  with  the  tax  upon  their  rolling  stock. 

PAY  OF  CABLE  EMPLOYES. — The  conductors  and  gripmcn  receive  pay 
according  to  the  number  of  trips  made.  On  the  Cottage  Grove  line  the  runs 
are  numbered  from  1  to  113  and  on  State  st.  from  1  to  111.  In  addition  to  the 
force  that  runs  these  cars  are  sixty-five  extra  gripmen  and  conductors  on  the 
Cottage  Grove  line  and  nearly  an  equal  number  on  the  State  st.  line.  A 
"regular"  has  his  "run"  as  long  as  he  can  do  his  work.  An  "extra"  goes 
on  only  when  one  of  the  "regulars"  is  off,  or  when  extra  cars  are  put  on. 
Consequently  all  the  employes  desire  to  become  regulars.  On  the  Cottage 
Grove  line  the  conductors  and  gripmen  receive  forty-two  cents  for  a  round 
trip  from  Thirty-ninth  st.  north,  and  sixty  cents  for  a  round  trip  over  the 
entire  length  of  the  line.  On  the  State  st.  line  the  pay  is  forty  and  fifty-six 
cents  respectively.  The  average  time  required  to  make  the  trip  from  Thirty- 
ninth  st.  is  115  minutes,  which  gives  each  conductor  and  gripman  about  $3.20 
a  day. 

STEAM  RAILROAD  SERVICE. — It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  addition 
to  the  street  railways  of  this  city  it  has  a  steam  railroad  service,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  suburban  lines  of  several  of  the  great  railroad  companies,  which 


212  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

adds  immensely  to  the  transportation  facilities  of  the  public  between  points 
within  the  corporate  limits.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  Illinois  Central 
riiilroad  suburban  trains  carry  more  passengers  than  any  other  suburban  line 
in  the  world.  The  suburban  trains  of  the  company  carried  15,000,000 
passengers  in  1890.  Of  this  number  fully  four-fifths  were  passengers  carried 
between  points  within  the  city  limits.  The  Chicago  &  North-Western;  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific;  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy;  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul;  the  Northern  Pacific  ;  the  Grand  Trunk  ; 
the  Eastern  Illinois,  and  other  railroad  companiesdo  a  heavy  suburban  business. 
Without  the  supplementary  aid  of  these  lines  it  would  be  impossible  for  the 
existing  lines  of  street  railways  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  public  for  transit. 

Chicago  City  Raihoay  Company.  — This  is  the  company  which  operates  the 
South  Side  cable  system.  During  the  pasteighteen  years  the  property  has 
grown  from  22*^  miles  of  track  to  152,  and  from  60  bobtail  cars  to  1,250 
of  the  largest  and  best.  Its  revenue  has  increased  from  $600,000  a  year  to 
nearly  three  and  one-half  millions;  its  patronage  from  30,000  passengers  a 
day  to  200,000;  the  speed  of  its  cars  from  five  miles  an  hour  to  an  average  of 
ten  miles  an  hour.  The  company  has  developed  a  cable  system  second  to 
none  in  the  world  in  extent,  efficiency,  and  public  regard.  During  these 
eighteen  years  not  a  single  strike  occurred  among  the  employes  of  the  com- 
pany. 

Business  done  in  1891.— During  1891  the  Chicago  City  Railway  Company, 
or  as  it  is  now  familiarly  known,  the  South  Side  Cable  Line,  carried  77,464,- 
965  passengers,  producing  a  revenue  to  the  company  of  $3,873,198.27.  Of 
this  $2,591,99599  was  earned  by  the  cable  cars,  and  $1,281,202.28  by  the 
horse  cars.  The  cost  of  operating  the  road  was  $2,534,315.66,  leaving  for 
net  earnings,  $1,338,882.61.  Out  of  this  there  was  paid  for  dividends,  $750.- 
000.00;  interest,  $216,585.45;  depreciation  cable  machinery  and  tracks,  $43,- 
091.53;total,  $1,009,676.98;  leaving  balance  to  income  account  of  $329,205.63. 
The  average  earnings  per  day  were  $10,611.50;  the  percentage  of  expenses  to 
earnings  was  65.43,  a  decrease  of  1.42  over  1890.  The  cost  of  operating  per 
car  per  mile  was — cable,  9. 369  cents;  horse,  23.334  cents;  all  lines,  13.055 
cents.  Number  of  miles  run  by  cable,  14,357,050;  horses,  5,096,560;  all  lines, 
19,453,610.  The  expense  per  passenger  was — cable, 2. 60  cents;  horse,  4.64 
cent;  all  lines,  3.35  cents.  During  1891  there  was  built  100  open  cars,  100 
grip  cars,  and  25  box  cars,  making  the  present  equipment  600  box  cars,  550 
open  cars  and  322  grip  cars.  Commenced  and  unfinished  25  box  cars  and  50 
open  cars.  One  mile  single  track  of  horse  line  was  laid  during  the  year, 
making  cable  track  34l||g  miles,  horse  track  113fff$  miles;  total,  148gV^ 
miles.  Horses  on  hand  Jan.  1, '91,  2,508;  purchased,  346;— 2,854:  sold  193, 
died,  112—305;  horses  on  hand  Jan.  1,  '92,  2,459.  Capital  stock,  $7,000,000. 
Bonds,  4%  percent,  $4,619,500. 

The  net  earnings  of  the  road  for  the  last  six  years  were  as  follows:  1886, 
$619,253;  1887,  $686,259;  1888,  $683,338;  1889,  $845,339;  1890,  $1,'139,097; 
1891,  1,338.882.61. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — The  following  directors  hold  office  for  1892: 
L.  Z.  Leiter,  D.  K.  Pearsons,  Samuel  D.  Allerton,  Erskine  M.  Phelps,  James 
C.  King.  William  B.  Walker  and  George  H.  Wheeler.  Following  are  the 
officers  for  1892:  George  H.  Wheeler,  president ;  James  C.  King,  first  vice- 
president;  Erskine  M.  Phelps,  second  vice-president ;  T.  C.  Pennington, 
treasurer ;  F.  A.  Green,  secretary,  and  M.  K.  Bowen,  assistant  superintend- 
ent. The  president,  Mr.  Wheeler,  is  practically  the  superintendent.  This 
road  now  carries  passengers  nine  and  one-half  miles  for.  five  cents. 


o  o 

u    U 


«  w 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  213 

North  Chicago  Street  Railroad  Company. — Has  an  authorized  capital  of 
$5,000,000.  The  capital  stock  is  all  issued  in  share  sof  $100  each  and  paid  up. 
The  company  was  incorporated  in  1886  under  Illinois  laws,  and  controls  the 
entire  street  surface  system  in  the  North  Division  of  Chicago.  The  company 
acquired  title  by  the  purchase  of  2,501  shares  of  the  capital  stock  of  the 
North  Chicago  City  Railway  Company,  paying  therefore  $600  per  share.  The 
total  of  shares  was  5,000.  The  companies  then  entered  into  a  mutual  operat- 
ing agreement  whereby  the  new  company,  agreed  to  pay  to  the  old  company 
$30  per  share  rental  annually  on  the  entire  stock.  The  lesser  company  also 
agreed  to  pay  the  principal  and  interest  of  the  bonded  indebtedness 
of  the  old  company  and  assume  all  other  liabilities.  Out  of  the  $30 
per  share  to  be  paid  annually,  for  rental,  $75,030,  or  the  rental 
on  the  2,501  shares,  reverts  to  the  credit  of  the  lesser  company,  the 
owner  of  the  shares.  The  issues  of  the  new  company  and  the  issues 
of  the  old  company,  which  are  guaranteed  by  the  former,  are  as  follows: 
Capital  stock,  paid  up,  $5,000,000;'first  mortgage  5  per  cent,  bonds  (new 
company),  $2,350,000;  first  mortgage  4^£  per  cent,  bonds  (old  company), 
$500,000;  second  mortgage4%  per  cent.  bonds(old  company),  $1,640, 000;  capi- 
tal stock  old  company  leased  at  $35  per  share,  $249,900.  The  first  mortgage 
bondsof  the  Chicago  Street  Railway  ($2,350,000)  are  for  $500  each,  bear  5  per 
cent,  interest  and  due  in  1906.  These  are  secured  by  a  mortgage  covering  all 
the  property  and  franchises  of  the  company,  and  the  mortgage  is  held  by  the 
Fidelity  Insurance,  Trust  ?,nd  Safe  Deposit  Company  of  Philadelphia;  interest 
payable  January  1st  and  July  1st.  The  $500,000  first  mortgage  bonds  bearing 
interest  at  6  per  cent,  of  the  North  Chicago  City  Railway  Company,  mature 
in  1900,  interest  payable  January  1st  and  July  1st.  The  $1,640,000  second 
mortgage  bonds  are  issued  by  the  North  Chicago  City  Railway  Company, 
bear  4%  per  cent,  interest,  and  are  payable  May  1st  and  November  1st  at  the 
company's  office.  The  $249,000  as  capital  stock  of  the  old  company  only 
leased  to  the  new  company  at  an  annual  rental  of  $35  per  share.  The  annual 
fixed  charges  are  $117,000,bearing  interest  at  5  per  cent. on  the  North  Chicago 
Street  R.  R.  Co.'s  first  mortgage  bonds,  $2,350,000,  interest  at  6  per  cent,  on 
North  Chicago  City  R.  R.  Co.  First  mortgage  bonds  of  $500,000— $30,000, 
interest  on  $1,640,000  4%  per  cent.  Second  mortgage  bonds  of  North  Chicago 
Street  R.  R.  Co.  $73,800,  interest  on  $500,000  6  per  cent.  5-20s  certificates  of 
indebtedness,  $30,000;  rental  of  2,499  shares  ($30  per  share)  of  North  Chicago 
City  Railway  Co.  stock,  $74,970,  thus  making  a  total  of  $326,270.  Accounts 
are  made  up  each  year  to  December  31st.  The  franchises  of  the  company  are 
very  valuable,  and  include  the  right-of-way  on  all  the  principal  streets  in  the 
North  division,  besides  use  of  bridges  and  the  tunnel.  The  company  pays  an 
annual  license  fee  to  the  city  of  $50  per  car.  The  mileage  of  all  the  North 
Side  lines  is  over  80  miles.  Part  of  the  system  is  cabled. 

OFFICERS  OP  THE  COMPANY. — Directors,  C.  T.  Yerkes,  W.  D.  Meeker. 
W.  L.  Elkins,  Charles  Henrotin,  C.  A.  Spring,  Jr;  president,  C.  T.  Yerkes; 
vice-president,  W.  F.  Furbeck;  treasurer  and  secretary,  W.  D.  Meeker, 
Office,  444  North  Clark  street.  Registrar,  Union  National  Bank.  Stock  trans- 
ferred at  company's  office.  Business  done  in  1891 :  The  earnings  of  the  North 
Chicago  Railway  Company  for  1891  were  $2,304,610.95;  expenses,  $1,221,- 
408.11;  net  earnings,  $1,083,202.84;  fixed  charges,  $469,744.80;  surplus, 
$613,458.04;  increase  of  earnings  in  1891  over  1890,  $329,856.70;  increase  in 
expenses,  $144,691.04;  car  mileage,  7,762,366;  passengers  carried,  44,343,905; 
trips  made,  1,227,853. 


GLIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

West  Chicago  Street  Railroad  Company. — This  company  operates  under 
lease  the  lines  of  the  Chicago  West  Division  Railroad  company  and  the 
Chicago  Passenger  Railway  company.  The  capital  stock  of  the  West 
Chicago  Street  Railroad  company  is  $10,000,000. 

BUSINESS  DONE  IN  1891. — The  gross  receipts  of  this  company  for  1891 
were  $4,169,200.74,  an  increase  over  1890  of  $505,819.05  ;  operating  expenses. 
$2,468,179.02;  net  income,  $1,701,021.72,  an  increase  of  $240,407.86;  appli- 
cable to  dividends,  $868,680.12.  or  over  8.68  per  cent,  on  the  capital  stock. 
The  miles  run  were  14,638,414,  an  increase  of  2,422,511,  which  is  equal  to 
increasing  the  service  of  the  lines  19.83  per  cent. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  CABLE  SYSTEM. — The  West  Side  system  is  the  newest 
and  most  elaborate  in  the  city  and  second  to  none  in  the  extent  of  its 
resources,  or  the  perfection  of  its  general  equipment,  and  for  this  reason 
whatever  is  said  in  a  descriptive  way  must  naturally  be  confined  to  it.  This 
as  well  as  the  North  Side  road,  it  will  be  borne  in  mind,  reaches  the  South 
Side,  or  business  center,  by  way  of  tunnels  under  the  Chicago  river.  These 
tunnels  were  built  by  the  city,  and  prior  to  the  companies  in  question 
using  them  were  mere  holes  in  the  ground,  and  represented  the 
waste  of  so  much  public  money.  President  Yerkes,  however,  saw 
how  they  could  be  utilized  to  abate  the  bridge  nuisance,  and 
otherwise  serve  the  people,  and  was  quick  to  move  in  the  matter  of  obtaining 
their  use.  In  consideration  of  the  city  allowing  him  to  use  the  La  Salle 
Street  tunnel  he  built  and  donated  to  the  public  two  double  steel  steam 
bridges  across  the  river,  one  at  Wells  and  the  other  at  Clark  street,  at  a  cost 
of  over  $300,000.  The  Washington  street  tunnel  was  in  a  far  worse  con- 
dition when  taken  hold  of — in  fact,  it  had  been  abandoned — and  before  it 
could  be  used  had  to  be  rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $200,000.  Both  tunnels 
are  now  totally  unlike  what  they  were  a  few  years  ago,  and  the  public  not 
only  recognizes  the  wisdom  of  their  present  use,  but  finds  in  them  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  former  waits  at  the  swing  bridges,  which  is  worth  additional 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  city  every  year.  For  the  use  of  the 
Washington  street  tunnel  the  Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Company  built  a 
new  viaduct  at  Adams  street,  a  new  double  steam  bridge  at  the  same  point 
and  moved  the  Madison  street  bridge  to  Washington  street,  placing  it  upon 
a  new  pier  and  abutments.  The  West  Chicago  Street  Railway  Company 
for  the  franchise  on  Taylor  street  moved  the  Adams  street  bridge  to  Taylor 
street,  and  placed  it  upon  a  new  pier  and  abutments.  Thus  within  a  year 
two  important  streets  have  been  opened  to  through  traffic. 

THE  MADISON  STREET  LINE.  The  West  Side  cable  system  consists  of 
two  distinct  lines — the  Madison  street  line,  which  runs  directly  west,  and 
the  Milwaukee  avenue  line,  which  runs  northwest.  Both  lines  connect 
with  the  down-town  "loop"  hereafter  referred  to,  and  in  smoothness  of 
trackage  and  completeness  of  equipment  are  prepared  to  invite  the  most 
rigid  investigation  and  comparison.  The  power  for  the  operation  of  the 
system  is  supplied  from  three  distinct  power  houses,  all  of  which  are 
supplied  with  the  best  machinery  and  appliances  that  could  be  obtained. 
The  principal  power-house  is  located  at  Madison  and  Rockwell  streets, 
being  210x225  feet.  It  contains  two  1,200  horse-power  engines,  and  one 
of  these  is  going  night  and  day  (moving  the  cars  on  Madison  street),  while 
the  other  is  held  in  reserve  in  case  of  an  accident.  The  cable  running  west 
to  Fortieth  street  is  driven  at  the  rite  of  fourteen  miles  an  hour,  while 
the  one  running  east  is  driven  ten  and  a  half  miles  an  hour;  the  speed  of 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  215 

either  of  them,  however,  can  be  increased  at  will.  There  is  in  addition  a 
Corliss  engine  to  propel  a  loop  rope  in  the  power-house,  by  means  of 
which  the  cars  can  be  reversed  at  Rockwell  street,  whenever  it  is  necessary, 
The  power-house  itself  is  a  neat  and  attractive  structure,  lighted  by 
electricity,  and  surmounted  by  a  smoke-stack  175  feet  high. 

THE  MILWAUKEE  AVENUE  LINE. — The  Milwaukee  avenue  power-house, 
located  at  the  corner  of  Cleaver  street,  in  outward  appearance  and  general 
equipment  is  very  similar  to  the  one  on  Madison  street.  It  is  sup- 
plied with  two  Corliss  engines  of  1,200  horse-power  each,  which  were 
built  by  Fraser  &  Chalmers,  of  Chicago.  These  two  engines  operate  the 
entire  Milwaukee  avenue  system,  which  extends  from  Jefferson  and 
Washington  streets  to  Armitage  avenue.  The  west  rope  is  driven  at 
the  rate  of  twelve  miles  an  hour,  while  the  east  end  rope  is  moved  at 
the  rate  of  ten  and  one-half  miles.  As  with  the  Madison  street  ropes,  their 
speed,  however,  can  be  increased  or  lessened  at  will. 

THE  TUNNEL  LOOP. — The  third  power-house  is  located  at  the  coiner  of 
Jefferson  and  Washington  streets,  and  is  where  the  Company's  offices  are  to 
be  found.  This  station  is  furnished  with  two  one-thousanu  horse-power  Cor- 
liss engines,  which  are  used  to  operate  the  Washington  street  tunnel  loop. 
The  cars  of  both  the  Madison  street  and  Milwaukee  avenue  lines  are  deliv- 
ered to  the  cable  at  this  station,  and  by  it  they  are  drawn  through  the  tunnel 
and  around  the  loop  heretofore  mentioned.  The  service  of  this  particular 
cable  is  very  exacting.  At  times  the  heavily  loaded  trains  are  but  a  few 
seconds  apart,  yet  there  is  seldom,  if  ever,  any  cause  for  complaint,  so  perfect 
are  all  the  details  and  so  elaborate  the  machinery  and  appliances.  The  dyna- 
mos for  lighting  the  tunnel  are  also  located  at  this  point,  as  is  also  the  base  of 
an  electric  signal  system  which  extends  along  the  several  cable  lines.  By  this 
system  the  conductor  or  gripman  can  communicate  with  the  power-housefl 
and  offices  at  any  time,  which  is  an  adjunct  of  alrrost  incalculable  advantage 
in  keeping  the  'tracks  clear  and  promptly  stopping  the  machinery  in  case  of 
accidents  from  any  cause. 

THE  NEW  TUNNEL  AND  CABLE  SERVICE. — During  1891  the  work  on  the 
elegant  new  tunnel  just  north  of  Van  Buren  street  has  been  pushed  forward 
as  rapidly  as  such  work  can  be  properly  done  and  during  the  present  year  it 
will  be  opened  for  the  sole  use  of  the  cars  of  this  Company.  It  is  much  larger 
than  either  of  the  other  tunnels  and  is  pronounced  by  engineers  to  be  perfect. 
This  will  be  a  grand  thing  for  the  people  of  the  West  Side,  for  then  the 
bridge  nuisance  will  be  practically  overcome.  The  cable  lines  on  Blue  Island 
avenue  are  now  completed  as  far  southwest  as  Twenty-sixth  street,  and  on 
Halsted  street  from  Van  Buren  street  toO'Neil  street.  These  lines  have  been 
substantially  built,  the  steel  girder  rail  used  in  its  construction  being  heavier 
than  that  used  by  any  steam  road,  except  about  one  hundred  miles  on  the 
New  York  Central,  which  is  the  same  weight.  The  opening  of  these  lines 
during  the  present  year  will  cause  a  boom  in  the  south  and  southwest  portions 
of  the  city,  as  did  the  starting  of  the  Madison  street  and  Milwaukee  avenue 
lines  in  their  vicinity. 

NEW  CARS  AND  EXTENSIONS. — A  great  many  new  and  elegant  cars  have 
been  added  to  the  equipment  of  the  road  during  '91.  They  will  be  further 
increased  during  the  present  year.  These  cars  are  finer  and  larger  than  any 
heretofore  built,  and  the  management  deserves  great  credit  for  their  enter- 
prise. The  windows  are  very  large,  and  the  cars  are  lighted  by  four  chande- 
lier lamps.  The  tracks  have  been  extended  on  Twelfth  Street  from  Kedzie 


216  GUibE  fO   CHICAGO. 

avenue  west  to  Crawford  avenue,  and  on  North  avenue  from  California 
avenue  to  Crawford  avenue.  The  Ogden  avenue  line  has  been  extended 
to  Lawndale  avenue.  During  the  year  the  magnificent  viaduct  over  the  rail- 
road tracks  on  Ogden  avenue  will  be  completed,  when  this  will  be  one  of 
the  finest  lines  in  the  city.  The  tracks  on  Taylor  street  have  been  laid  from 
Canal  street  over  the  bridge  to  Fifth  avenue.  The  new  Madison  street 
bridge  has  been  swung,  so  that  it  will  be  seen  that  the  West  Side  has  not  been 
behind  in  the  matter  of  improved  service  and  accommodations.  Ordinances 
are  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Council,  which,  if  treated  fairly,  will  secure  for 
the  people  of  the  West  Division  of  the  city  the  cross-town  lines,  which  people 
so  badly  need,  and  which  the  Company  stand  ready  to  build — in  fact  the 
material  for  this  purpose  is  now  on  hand  and  the  lines  can  be  in  operation 
within  six  months  from  the  passage  of  the  ordinances. 

AIDS  TO  PUOMPT  SERVICE. — Delays  occasioned  by  heavily  loaded  wagons 
breaking  down  on  the  tracks,  or  from  fires  is  almost  a  thing  of  the  past, 
thanks  to  the  service  of  the  Company's  wrecking  wagon  and  fire  wagon.  The 
former  carries  everything  needed  to  remove  a  wrecked  stone  or  coal  wagon, 
and  the  latter  an  iron  "  hose  bridge  "  for  raising  the  fire  hose  over  the  tracks 
so  that  cars  can  pass  underneath  it. 

NEW  DESPLAINES  STEET  POWER  HOUSE. — This  new  addition  to  the  cable 
service  of  the  West  Side  is  now  about  completed  and  is  perfect  in  every 
respect.  It  is  situated  on  Desplaines  street,  just  north  of  Washington  street, 
and  will  be  used  to  operate  any  new  loop  that  may  be  put  into  service,  and 
also  as  a  reserve  in  case  of  any  accident  to  the  plant  now  in  use  at  the  corner 
of  Washington  and  Jefferson  streets.  The  new  building  is  25x153  feet,  sur- 
mounted by  a  smoke-stack  150  feet  high.  The  foundations  cover  the  entire 
space  occupied  by  the  building.  The  building  contains  a  1,000  horse-power 
Corliss  engine,  3(5x72.  Six  upright  boilers,  7  feet  in  diameter,  18  feet  10  inches 
over  all,  each  boiler  containing  230  tubes  2%  inches  by  14  feet.  This  plant  is 
arranged  to  use  oil  as  fuel  in  order  to  overcome  the  smoke  nuisance.  In  fact 
the  management  deserves  credit  for  having  gone  to  the  expense  of  changing 
all  of  its  plants  to  use  this  fuel  in  order  to  assist  in  abating  this  evil. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — The  officers  are  :  President,  Mr.  Chas.  T. 
Yerkes;  Vice-President  and  General  Manager,  Jno.  B.  Parsons;  Secretary  and 
Assistant  General  Manager,  R.  C.  Crawford;  Treasurer,  Geo.  E.  Newlin. 

TRACKAGE  OF  THF,  COMPANY.— During  1892  the  company  laid  seven  and 
one-half  miles  of  new  track.  Fifty  miles  of  new  track  will  probably  be 
laid  during  the  present  year,  if  the  company  and  the  city  council  come  to  an 
understanding  regarding  rights  of  way,  etc. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — The  officers  are :  President,  Mr.  0.  T. 
Yerkes.  Directors  :  C.  T.  Yerkes,  W.  L.  Elkins,  J.  B.  Parsons,  R.  C.  Craw- 
ford, David  R.  Fraser. 

Other  Lines  Completed  and  Projected.— The  year  1891  will  probably  see 
remarkable  activity  in  the  building  of  rapid  transit  lines  of  city  railway. 
Among  the  new  lines  completed,  under  way  and  projected,  are  the  following: 
CALUMET  ELECTRIC  ROAD. — This  line  is  but  the  beginning  of  an  exten- 
sive system  to  connect  the  various  manufacturing  and  residence  suburbs 
which  now  lack  proper  communication  with  each  other.  It  extends  from 
the  South  Chicago  Rolling  Mills  by  way  of  Eighty-ninth  st.,  Mackinaw  ave., 
Harbor  ave.,  Ninety-third  st.  and  Stony  Island  ave.  to  Ninety-fifth  st.  The 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  *17 

Rae  system  of  propulsion  by  means  of  overhead  wires  is  employed.  It  dif- 
fers from  the  Sprague  and  the  Thompson-Houston  systems  chiefly  in  hav- 
ing a  single  motor  for  each  car  instead  of  two  smaller  ones.  A  speed  of  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  miles  is  attained  with  entire  safety,  as  the  road-bed  is  firm 
and  the  cars  are  strongly  built,  weighing  more  than  five  tons  each.  The 
curves  and  switches  are  guarded  against  accident  by  an  automatic  device  of 
which  Mr.  Loss  is  the  inventor.  At  the  power-house  are  engines  of  125  horse- 
power, capable  of  supplying  the  lines  now  in  existence,  that  is  the  one  opened 
yesterday  and  another  already  built  from  Pullman  to  Cottage  Grove  ave.  and 
Eighty-seventh  street.  A  connecting  line  has  been  opened  from  South  Chicago 
to  the" Pullman  line  at  Cottage  Grove  avenue  and  One  Hundred  and  Fourth 
street.  As  soon  as  practicable  the  system  will  be  extended  to  One  Hundred 
and  Fifteenth  street,  through  One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth  St.,  Michigan 
avenue,  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  street,  and  Vincennes  road,  around 
Washington  Heights  and  Morgan  Park.  Further  extensions  will  probably 
follow.  The  overhead  system  will  be  removed  if  an  economical  and  other- 
wise suitable  storage  battery  appears.  It  is  said  that  none  at  present 
exists. 

CAHETTE  LINES.— Operated  by  the  Russell  Street  Carette  Company.  Office 
of  company,  148  S.  Green  street.  Officers:  A.  W.  Buokwood,  president;  W. 
H.  Cowles,  secretary  and  general  manager  ;  Edward  Twitty,  treasurer. 
Organized  July  19,  1889.  This  company  operates  carette  lines  over  Madison, 
Adama  and  Rush  streets,  from  Ashland  avenue  to  Lincoln  Park.  Number 
of  cars  at  present  in  the  service,  thirty-five;  number  of  horses,  three  hundred. 
The  company  expects  to  increase  its  equipment  during  the  next  three  years  to 
two  or  three  hundred  cars.  This  is  the  only  line  that  transports  passengers 
without  change,  between  the  West  and  North  Sides  of  the  city,  covering  a 
portion  of  the  South  Side  on  the  way.  The  Russell  Carette  is  a  more  com- 
fortable vehicle  than  any  yet  introduced  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  public 
for  a  conveyance  which  can  be  operated  on  streets  without  tracks.  It  is 
much  larger  and  moves  much  easier  than  the  omnibus.  It  is  provided  with  a 
rear  platform,  which  is  as  low  and  convenient  for  elderly  persons  as  the 
street  car  platform.  A  conductor  as  well  as  a  driver  accompanies  every 
carette  and  the  general  conduct  of  the  vehicle  is  similar  to  that  followed  in  the 
management  of  the  street  car.  The  carette  has  the  advantage  of  being  able 
to  turn  aside  from  its  course  to  evade  other  vehicles,  while  it  can  pick  up  and 
discharge  its  passengers  at  tb  e  curb  line.  Each  carette  will  furnish  seats  com- 
fortably for  twenty  persons  -ten  on  each  side— and  in  addition  there  is  a  seat 
in  front  for  at  least  three  persons,  which  is  very  popular.  While  the  rear 
platform  affords  standing  room  fora  number  of  persons,  each  carette  actually 
seats  twenty-three  persons,  yet  they  frequently  carry  from  thirty  to  forty  per- 
sons at  a  time  and  have  had  as  many  as  forty-seven  passengers  on  a  single 
trip.  The  carettes  are  nicely  upholstered,  contain  spring  seats  and  backs 
covered  with  Wilton  carpet.  The  interior  is  finished  with  white,  natural 
woods,  ash  and  cherry  being  used  for  doors,  windows,  frames,  etc.  All  trim- 
mings are  of  bronze. 

CICERO  AND  PROVISO  STREET  RAILWAY  COMPANY. — The  electric  line  oper- 
ated by  this  company  extends  from  the  terminus  of  the  W.  Madison  st.  cable 
line,  W.  Madison  and  Fortieth  sts.,  to  Oak  Park.  It  will  be  extended  further 
west.  The  ride  is  a  delightful  one,  passing  as  the  line  does  through  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  our  western  prairie  suburbs.  The  principal  suburbs 
reached  are  Austin  and  Oak  Park. 


218  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Contracts  have  been  let  for  the  construction  of  extensions  from  Harlem 
avenue,  the  present  terminus,  to  the  Desplaines  river  and  on  Desplaines  avenue, 
from  Madison  street  south  to  Twelfth  street.  The  road  is  to  be  double 
tracked.  The  electrical  equipment  will  be  put  in  by  the  Edison  General 
Electric  Company.  The  rolling  stock  for  the  road  built  at  Pullman  will  con- 
sist of  twelve  motor  cars  with  twenty-five  horse-power  equipments  to  each 
car,  geared  to  rtfn  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  miles  per  hour.  These  cars 
will  draw  open  trail  cars.  The  new  lines  will  be  completed  and  in  operation 
by  August  1st.  The  present  road  is  succeeding  beyond  the  expections  of  its 
projectors  and  has  had  a  wonderful  effect  upon  the  value  of  property  along 
its  lines. 

EQUITABLE  TRANSPORTATION  Co. — A  permit  was  recently  issued  in  this 
city  for  the  construction  of  an  "  L"road  in  the  old  town  of  Lake,  upon  the 
franchise  guaranteed  in  1889  to  the  Equitable  Transportation  Company.  At 
this  writing  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt  but  that  the  road  will  be  built  within 
the  coming  two  years.  The  company  has  the  right  to  build  on  Eighty-seventh 
from  State  street  to  Western  avenue.  This  is  right  along  the  line  of  active 
growth  in  population,  and  is  the  territory  for  which  the  South  Side  alley  L 
road  is  supposed  to  be  aiming  by  the  ordinance  for  the  right  of  way  along 
Vincennes  avenue,  asked  for  in  the  name  of  W.  D.  Chidester.  It  is  also  the 
territory  for  which  the  lately  organized  north  and  south  elevated  road  is  aim- 
ing. Thus  there  are  three  competitors  for  this  territory,  making  it  morally 
certain  that  vast  improvements  in  transportation  facilities  for  this  region  are 
soon  to  be  had.  The  Equitable  Transportation  Company,  by  the  liberal  terms 
of  its  ordinance,  would  seem  to  have  the  decided  advantage.  It  is  given  the 
right  to  erect  telegraph,  telephone,  electric  and  pneumatic  appliances  on  all  its 
various  lines.  These  various  lines,  as  provided  in  the  ordinance,  are  : 

1.  State  and  Thirty-ninth  streets  to  Halsted  and  Thirty-ninth;  on  Halsted  south 
to  Vincennes  or  Summit  avenue;  southwest  on  either  of  these  avenues  to  Eighty-sev- 
enth street,  and  tin-nee  to  State  and  Eighty-seventh. 

2.  State  and  Thirty-ninth  to  State  and  Eighty-seventh  streets. 

3.  State  and  Vincennes  road  to  Summit  avenue. 

4.  Forty-seventh  street  and  Center  avenue  to  Center  avenue  and  Eighty-seventh 
fctreet. 

5.  On  Ashland  avenue  from  Thirty-ninth  to  Eighty-seventh  street. 

6.  On  Western  avenue  from  Thirty-ninth  to  Eighty  seventh  street. 

7.  On  Wallace  street  from  Thirty-ninth  to  Forty-.-econd  and  thence  on  Forty-sec- 
ond to  Halsted. 

8.  On  Seventy-ninth  street  from  State  to  Johnson  avenue, 

9.  From  State  to  Halsted  on  Forty-third  street. 
10      On  Sixty-ninth  from  State  to  Johnson  avenue1 . 

11.  On  Forty-seventh  street  from  State  to  Johnson  avenue. 

12.  On  Johnson  avenue  from  Thirty-ninth  to  Eight1,  -seventh  street. 

13.  On  Ashland  avenue  from  Thirty-ninth  to  Eighty-seventh  street. 

LAKE  STUEKT  ELEVATED  RAILROAD. — The  superstructure  of  this 
railroad  was  completed  from  Cana!  street,  along  Lake  street  on  the  West 
Side,  very  nearly  to  Union  Park,  in  the  spring  of  the  last  year.  Its 
course  in  the  future  is  entirely  unsettled,  but  the  probabilities  are  that  it 
will  have  two  branches,  one  extending  toward  the  northwestern  portion  of  the 
city,  the  other  extending  to  the  southwestern,  while  the  main  stem  will  follow 
the  Hue  of  Lake  street  into  Cicero,  passing  through  the  environs  of  Austin 
and  Oak  Park.  As  far  as  completed  the  road  is  substantially  built.  It  will 
have  a  double  track,  and  will  be  operated  in  a  manner  similar  to  the  system 
employed  on  the  New  York  elevated  roads.  The  question  of  securing  a 
South  Side  terminal  that,  is  a  starting-point  on  the  south  side  of  the  city,  or 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  219 

in  the  business  district,  is  not  settled.  There  have  been  several  propositions 
regarding  the  establishment  of  a  terminal  east  of  the  south  branch  of  the 
river,  but  all  have  been  abandoned  for  the  time  being  at  least.  The  probable 
route  of  the  line  through  the  business  district  is  via  the  alley -ways  parallel- 
ing Lake  street,  from  Market  street  east. 

MILWAUKEE  AVENUE  ELEVATED  ROAD. — The  Chicago  Transit  Company, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $12,000,000,  was  granted  articles  of  incorporation 
last  year  by  the  Secretary  of  State.  The  incorporators  are:  J.M.Hannahs, 
who  is  Vice-president  of  the  Elevated  road  which  expects  to  run  up  Mil- 
waukee avenue;  H.  M.  Taylor,  and  G.  W.  Stanford.  The  incorporators  say 
they  intend  to  construct  a  road  that  will  furnish  rapid  transit  for  the 
North  Side  residents  from  some  point  on  the  river  between  State  and  Market 
and  to  build  their  road  on  private  property,  which  they  will  acquire  by  pur- 
chase, lease,  or  condemnation  to  some  portion  of  the  city  where  the  streets 
are  less  crowded.  The  road  will  run  from  the  Chicago  River  to  Waukegan, 
but  it  is  probable  it  will  be  elevated  only  to  Evanston,  beyond  it  will  be  a 
surface  road.  The  motive  power  will  be  electricity. 

NEW  ELECTKIC  ROAD. — A  new  electric  road  has  been  projected  for  North 
Side,  Chicago.  The  proposed  route  is  from  Diversey  avenue  on  Evanston 
avenue  to  the  Ridge  road,  along  the  Ridge  road  to  Oakton  avenue.  At  this 
point  a  T  will  be  formed  by  one  lice  running  east  to  Calvary  Cemetery  and 
another  west,  connecting  the  main  line  with  the  Montrose  cut-off.  The  road 
will  open  up  for  settlement  an  entirely  new  section  of  country,  and  be  of 
great  benefit  to  South  Evanston. 

RANDOLPH  STREET  ELEVATED  RAILROAD. — The  company  which  projected 
this  line,  to  penetrate  the  West  Division  from  the  heart  of  the  city , via  Randolph 
St.,  has  met  with  some  obstacles  in  the  courts,  and  its  future  movements  are 
uncertain. 

SOUTH  END  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY. — A  new  corporation;  capital,  $100,000. 
The  plan  is  to  connect  the  territory  on  the  ridge  with  the  Pullman  electric 
lines  at  One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth,  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh,  One 
Hundred  and  Third,  and  Ninety-fifth  streets,  and  also  to  connect  at  the 
latter  with  the  Calumet  Electric  street  railroad  for  South  Chicago.  The 
road  will  be  one  of  the  best  in  the  country.  The  rails  used  will  be  of  the 
girder  type,  weighing  seventy  pounds  to  the  yard.  The  electrical  apparatus 
is  to  be  of  the  very  best,  involving  some  new  features  whereby  all  noise  is 
obviated  and  a  high  rate  of  speed  can  be  maintained  if  necessary. 

SOUTH  SIDE  ALLEY  "  L  "  ROAD. — An  elevated  railroad  running  from  Van 
Buren  street  south  to  39th  over  the  alley  between  State  street  and  Wabash 
avenue  and  projected  to  the  Indiana  Stale  line.  The  line  up  to  this  writing 
is  almost  wholly  completed  between  Van  Buren  and  39th  streets.  It  will  be 
ready  for  rolling  stock  during  the  present  summer.  Nothing  is  definitely 
known  as  to  the  course  the  main  line  or  its  branches  may  take  after  leaving 
39th  street.  Various  maps  showing  the  course  of  the  road  have  been  pub- 
lished, and  some  of  them,  perhaps,  with  authority,  but  they  are  all  subject  to 
change.  The  company  haying  the  project  in  hand  was  belayed  in  its  opera- 
tions during  the  year  1891  on  account  of  a  scarcity  of  funds,  but  toward  the 
close  of  the  year  named,  $3,600,000  were  raised  and  the  work  was  pushed 
rapidly  forward.  The  equipments  of  the  road  will  be  first-class.  Handsome 
depot  buildings  at  the  street  intersections  have  been  erected.  It  is  expected 


2.20  GUIDE  TO  CHCAGO. 

that  the  facilities  afforded  by  this  road  will  greatly  relieve  the  strain  whica  is 
now  felt  by  the  South  Side  Cable  Car  Company,  while  it  will  assist  still 
further  in  developing  the  territory  lying  south  of  39th  street.  It  is  under- 
stood that  the  alley  elevated  railroad  will  not  extent  north  of  Van  Bureu 
street  for  some  time,  if  ever.  Mr.  L.  Z.  Leiter,  it  is  said,  is  heavily  interested 
in  the  enterprise  now  and  probably  will  control  it  in  the  future.  It  will  be  a 
part  of  his  plan,  if  so,  to  locate  the  northern  terminal  of  the  line  at  Van  Buren 
street  in  the  vicinity  of  his  great  building  and  in  a  locality  where  he  has 
immense  property  interests.  It  is  the  deteimination  of  Mr.  Ltiter  and  cithers 
associated  with  him  to  establish  in  that  vicinity  the  business  center  which  the 
erection  of  the  Auditorum  rendered  certain  some  years  ago.  Mr.  Leiler,  it 
is  well  known,  is  a  large  stock-holder  in  the  Chicago  City  Railway  Company 
(the  South  S.de  cable  line).  He  is  also  interested  in  the  North  Side  Company. 
The  West  Division  Railway  Company  will  have  completed  the  construction 
of  a  tunnel  at  the  close  of  the  present  jear  at  Van  Buren  street,  and  the  Norih 
Side  road  is  credited  with  the  intention  of  extending  its  cable  line  to  the  Polk 
Street  depot,  and  the  South  bide  Company,  as  is  well  understood,  co  operates 
•with  the  Alley  Elevated  Road.  Everything  in  the  way  of  rapid  transporta- 
tion turns  toward  Van  Buren  street  as  a  center  and  the  determination  has 
been  expressed  frequently  among  capitalists  capable  of  carrying  it  out  that 
Van  Buren  street  shall  be  an  artery  of  trade  second  to  none  in  the  city.  There 
are  some  projects  for  the  construction  of  arcades  from  State  street  acioss  to 
3d  avenue,  to  connect  the  new  business  center  with  the  old  quarter,  around 
the  Board  of  Trade,  and  south  of  that  point.  One  of  these  is  a  scheme  for  a 
connection  from  a  point  near  the  head  of  Congress  street.  The  exact 
method  of  forming  a  convenient  terminus  for  the  Alley  Elevated  road  has 
not  been  decided  upon,  but  it  will  be  a  loop  or  a  stub,  the  effect  of  which  will 
be  to  discharge  passengers  in  large  numbers  at  Congress  and  Van  Buren 
streets,  mainly,  no  doubt,  on  the  former.  The  Alley  Elevated  Railroad  can 
never  be  a  completed  line  until  it  shall  have  at  least  penetrated  the  Jackson 
Park  district.  It  is  understood  that  every  effort  will  be  put  forth  in  that 
direction  so  that  the  line  will  be  in  full  operation  before  the  opening  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  in  the  spring  of  1893. 

Wabash  Avenue  Sub-Railway  Transportation  Company. — Articles  of  incor- 
p  .ration  of  the  Wabash  Avenue  Sub-Railway  Transportation  were  filed  early 
in  1891.  According  to  the  articles  it  is  proposed  to  build  a  sub-railway  com- 
mencing at  a  point  at  the  north  line  of  the  Chicago  River,  at  the  south  end  of 
Cass  street,  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  thence  running  south  under  the  center 
line  of  Wabash  avenue  to  Eighty-first  street.  The  capital  stock  is  $10,000,- 
000.  The  iucorporators  and  first  board  of  directors  are  George  W.  Cole, 
Maria  E.  Beasley,  J.  Warren  Pease,  Silas  Rhodes  and  Pleasant  Amick.  The 
electric  overhead  system  will  be  used. 

CLUBS— ATHLETIC,  SPORTING,  ETC. 

Athletic  Club  Houses. — Amo*ng  the  leading  athletic  club  houses  of  the  city 
are:  The  new  home  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association,  on  Michigan  ave., 
between  Madison  and  Monroe;  the  Fairaput  Club  House;  the  Illinois  Cycling 
Club  House,  1068  Washington  Bd.;  the  Lincoln  Club,  No.  1,  Park  ave.;  the 
Chicago  Cricket  Club,  Parkside,  the  Englewood  Club,  and  the  Oak  Park 
Cycling  Club  House  now  being  built  at  the  coiner  of  Oakwood  Bd.  and 
Prairie  ave. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
AREND'S  DRUG  STORE -MADISON  ST.  AND  FIFTH  AVE. 
[See  "Guide."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  221 

Base  Ball  Clubs. — In  1891  there  wps  one  professional  base  ball  club  in  this 
city,  under  the  managtment  of  the  National  League.  There  are  two  base  ball 
grounds,  one  on  the  West  Side  and  one  on  the  South  Side.  Van  Buren  street 
horse  ears  reach  he  former;  State  street  cable  cars  and  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Railway 
the  latter.  "  The  Chicago  Ball  Club  " — office,  108  Madison  street;  president, 
James  A.  Hart;  secretary,  F.  H.  Andrus;  treasurer,  John  A.  Brown.  "  Chi- 
cago City  Base  Ball  League  "  comprises  eight  clubs.  Offices,  108  Madison 
street  and  145  Monroe  street;  president,  James  C.  Moodey,  vice-president, 
Virgil  M.  Brand;" secretary,  Ferd  Wirtz;  treasurer,  John  S.  Burke;  mana- 
ger, Frank  Rheims.  PARKS — North:  Halsted  street  and  North  avenue;  take 
C.  M.  &  St.  P.  train  (Evanston  Division)  or  North  Halsted  street  horse  car. 
South:  Thirty  ninth  street  and  Wentworth  avenue;  take  Wabash  avenue  cable 
car.  Went:  Ogden  avenue  and  Rockwell  street;  take  Ogden  avenue  horse  car. 
WESTERN  ASSOCIATION  OP  BASE  BALL  CLUBS — Meets  at  108  Madison  street; 
president,  L.  C.  Kransthoff ,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Boat  and  Yacht  Clubs. — CATLIN  BOAT  CLUB,  Lake  shore,  foot  of  Pearson. 
President,  Charles  Catlin;  secretary  and  treasurer,  T.  P.  Hillinan.  CHICAGO 
CANOE  CLUB— A  boating  organization  of  the  South  Side;  member  of  the  West- 
ern Canoe  Association;  boat  house  foot  of  Thirty-seventh  st.  C.  W.  Lee, 
purser.  CHICAGO  YACHT  CLUB — Commodore,  A.  J.  Fisher;  secretary,  Harry 
Duvall,  655  Rookery  building;  treasurer,  F.  W.  S  Brawley.  COUNTESS  YACHT 
CLUB — Room  25,  6,  Sherman.  President,  Sidney  W.  Woodbury;  treasurer,  E. 
W.  Heinck.  EVANSTON  BOAT  CLUB — Located  on  Sheridan  road  (Lake  Shore 
drive)  in  the  suburb  of  Evanston.  Take  train  at  Wells  street  depot,  Wells  apd 
Kinzie  sts.,  North  Side,  or  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts.,  West  Side. 
Officers:  Frank  Winne,  president;  George  Lunt,  vice-president;  E.  G.  Angle, 
secretary;  J.  B.  Ide,  treasurer,  and  James  Judd,  captain.  The  club  house  is 
an  elegant  one,  and  it  is  the  center  of  the  social  life  of  the  younger  portion  of 
Evanston's  society.  Among  the  events  looked  forward  to  with  pleasurable 
anticipations  by  Evanston  people  is  the  annual  regatta  given  by  the  club. 
Rowing  has  become  a  popular  amusement  with  the  youngpeople  of  the  town. 
Many  ladies  have  become  experts,  and  almost  any  fine  day  their  barks  can  be 
seen  skimming  the  surface  of  the  lake.  FARRAGUT  BOAT  CLUB — Located  at 
3016  and  3018  Lake  Park  ave.  Take  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line. 
Organized  in  1872.  Occupiosa  handsome  brick  building,  two  stories  and  base- 
ment. In  the  basement  are  the  bowling  alley,  pool  room  and  lavatories;  on  the 
first  floor  are  the  parlors,  reception  room,  billiard  room,  card  room  and  library. 
On  the  second  floor  are  a  dancing  hall  and  theatre,  with  equipment  of  scenery, 
etc.,  and  seating  capacity  of  400.  A  seriesof  entertainments  are  given  during 
the  winter  seasons.  The  boat  house  of  the  club  is  a  one-story  brick  building 
on  the  south  snore,  foot  of  Thirty -third  st.  The  club  owns  about  twenty  five 
boats,  including  an  eight-oared  barge,  four-oared  shells,  four-oared  gigs, 
single  and  double  shells,  single  and  double  training-boats  and  pleasure  boats 
of  all  descriptions.  Admission  fee,  $50;  annual  dues,  $24.  Officers:  president, 
C.  F.  Bryant;  secretary,  E.  M.  Shinner;  treasurer,  Frank  M.  Staples;  captain, 
E.  8.  Hunter.  FARRAGUT  NAVAL  ASSOCIATION  op  CHICAGO — Meets  third 
Thursdays.  Commodore,  J.  J.  Sullivan  ;  executive  officer,  C.  B. 
Plattenberg  ;  paymaster,  Thomas  L.  Johnson  ;  secretary,  William  S. 
Kaufman.  LINCOLN  PARK  YACHT  CLUB— Organized  in  1890.  Officers: 
Commodore,  James  J.  Wilson;  vice-commodore,  S.  S.  Johnson;  rear 


222  GUIDE   TO    CHCAGO. 

commodore,  A.  E.  Back;  treasurer,  H/  A.  Paus;  secretary,  C.  O.  Andrews; 
committee  on  membership,  E  C.  Benniman,  D.  D.  Button,  C.  Johnson.  The 
club  consists  in  the  main  of  those  yachtmen,  who,  during  the  last  season,  kept 
their  craft  in  the  new  slip  at  Lincoln  Park  inside  of  the  new  drive  that  is  being 
constructed  along  the  old  Lake-Shore  drive,  several  hundred  feet  out  in  the 
lake.  This  new  slip  is  the  only  place  around  Chicago  that  can  be  called  a 
yacht  harbor,  and,  although  not  completed  and  not  as  handy  as  might  be, 
owing  to  the  continuance  of  the  work  on  the  drive,  was  used  last  season  by 
about  ten  or  a  dozen  yachts  as  permanent  shelter.  The  owners  of  these  yachts 
have  noworganized  as  a  club  for  co-operation  in  matters  concerning  yacht  in;.', 
for  economy  and  safety  in  taking  care  of  the  boats,  and  in  order  to  be  able  to 
look  after  their  interests  in  submitting  suggestions  or  requests  to  the  Park 
Commissioners  with  reference  to  the  new  drive  and  the  harbor  it  encloses. 
OGDEN  BOAT  CLUB — Lake  Shore,  foot  of  Superior.  President,  J.  V.  Clarke, 
Jr.;  secretary,  J.  D.  Caidwell;  treasurer,  J.  B.  Waldo;  captain,  W.  R.  Cregier. 
Chicago  Athletic  Association. —  The  idea  of  organizing  the  above  associa- 
tion and  building  for  it  a  suitable  home  originated  with  one  or  two  of  the 
present  members  in  January,  1889.  Object  of  the  association  :  to  encourage 
all  manly  sports  and  promote  physical  culture.  Present  number  of  members, 
1,500,  including  many  of  the  li-ading  business  and  professional  men  of  the 
•  city.  Location  of  new  gymnasium  building,  Michigan-avenue,  between  Mad- 
ison and  Monroe,  facing  east,  only  a  short  walk  from  the  business  center. 
This  magnificent  home  for  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association  was  begun  in 
February  of  the  past  year.  The  new  building  contains  the  largest  and  best- 
equipped  athletic  club  house  in  the  United  States,  and  cost  $500,000.  The 
ground  upon  which  it  stands  measures  80x172  feet.  The  building  is  of  a  sub- 
stantial character,  with.a  front  of  yellowish  brick  and  gray  stone  in  Venetian 
style,  with  tall,  diamond-cut  windows  covering  the  fourth  and  fifth  floors, 
which  are  thrown  into  one  so  as  to  give  ample  height  to  the  gymnasium.  The 
eighth  story  has  balconies  large  enough  to  set  tables  and  chairs  upon  for  those 
who  want  to  enjoy  the  fresh  air  and  the  prospect  upon  Lake  Michigan.  That 
floor  is  us(d  for  the  dining  rooms.  The  ninth  and  tenth  stories  have  no  win- 
dows, being  lighted  by  skylights,  as  they  are  set  apart  for  the  ball  courts. 
The  basement  contains  eight  bowling  alleys,  reaching  under  the  sidewalk  ;  a 
shooting  gallery,  running  the  whole  depth  of  the  building  ;  a  bicycle  storage 
room,  with  lockers,  and  connected  by  an  incline  with  the  bicycle  club 
room  on  the  first  floor  ;  large  storage  and  repair  rooms  and  the  boilers 
and  machinery.  The  first  story  is  reached  by  a  spacious  vestibule  in 
the  center  of  the  front,  with  the  business  office  and  reception  and 
coat  rooms  on  either  side.  A  large  hall  at  the  top  of  the  steps  opens 
into  the  lavatory,  barber  shop  and  dressing  rooms,  back  of  which  are  the 
Turkish  and  Russian  baths,  a  swimming  tank  measuring  40xGO  feet,  and  a 
lounging  room.  Another  door  leads  from  the  hall  to  the  bicycle  club  room, 
which  has  a  separate  entrance  from  the  street  to  admit  wheelmen  and  their 
machines,  the  object  being  to  make  it  convenient  for  bicyclists  to  ride  up  to 
the  door  of  the  building,  store  their  machines,  put  on  their  business  suits 
and  leave  their  wheels  there  during  the  day.  The  second  story  consists  of  a 
large  hall  in  front,  with  a  cafe  at  the  south  end,  separated  by  a  colonnade, 
and  a  billiard  room  with  twenty-six  tables.  Between  the  two  main  rooms 
are  small  apartments  for  the  billiard  markers  and  lavatory  and  serving  room. 
The  third  floor  contains  a  library  and  reading  room  at  the  southeast  end. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  223 

with  two  club  rooms  adjoining,  lavatory,  drying  room,  linen  room  and  office. 
The  rear  half  is  given  up  to  thirty-seven  baths,  with  1,500  lockers  and  106 
dressing  rooms.  The  gymnasium  occupies  the  fourth  and  fifth  stories. 
Three  rooms  are  used  for  special  apparatus,  leaving  for  the  gymnasium 
proper  a  larger  space  than  is  given  to  any  other  similar  institution  in  the 
country.  The  running  track  is  on  a  balcony  at  the  height  of  the  fifth  story, 
so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  work  of  gymnasts.  The  length  of  the  track 
is  ten  laps  to  the  mile.  The  sixth  and  seventh  stories  are  occupied  by  bed- 
rooms, sixty-six  in"  number,  with  the  necessary  baths  and  other  requisites. 
The  eighth  story  is  taken  up  by  dining  rooms,  there  being  one  large  general 
dining  room  and  several  private  rooms,  with  the  store  rooms,  kitchen,  etc., 
in  the  rear.  The  balconies  on  this  floor  can  be  used  by  dinner  parties.  The 
ninth  and  tenth  stories  are  thrown  into  one  and  contain  two  racquet  courts,  a 
tennis  court  and  five  courts  with  a  parlor  and  marker's  rooms.  Everything 
is  finished  with  more  regard  to  substantiality  than  elegance.  The  baths  are 
finished  with  tile  and  marble,  nickel-plated  pipes,  etc.,  in  the  most  durable 
manner.  The  lounging  room  on  the  first  floor  has  two  fire-places  and  a  col- 
onnade opening  into  the  swimming-tank.  It  is  furnished  with  comfortable 
chairs,  divans  and  lounges.  Each  of  the  dressing  rooms  has  a  lounge  and 
is  comfortably  fitted  up.  Membership  limited  to  2,000.  The  initiation  fee  is 
$100  for  active  members  and  $50  for  non-resident  members,  with  annual  dues 
of  $40  and  $20  respectively. 

The  government  of  the  association  is  vested  exclusively  in  a  board  known 
as  t  be  "  board  of  governors."  This  consists  of  twenty -one  members  chosen 
by  ballot  and  the  gentlemen  now  constituting  the  board  are :  C.  L.  Hutchin- 
son,  president;  N.  B.  Ream,  vice-president;  James  S.  Gibbs,  treasurer;  R.  C. 
Nickerson,  secretary;  Joseph  Adams,  (Jhas.  Schwartz,  Warren  M.  Salisbury; 
B.  B.  Lamb,  M.  C.  Lightner,  Henry  Ives  Cobb,  N.  K.  Fairbank,  Eugene  S. 
Pike,  A.  G.  Hpulding,  W.  Vernon  Booth,  Egbert  Jamieson,  Joseph  T.  Bowen 
Cyrus  II.  McCormick,  H,  P.  Crane,  Wm.  H.  Hubbard,  W.  S.  McCrea.  This 
board  has  full  and  absolute  power  over  all  the  property  of  the  association  and 
complete  management  of  it.  It  has  also  special  powers  calculated  to  regulate 
the  life  of  the  club-house.  That  its  management  thus  far  has  been  wise  and 
salutary  for  the  association  is  the  conviction  of  all  connected  with  it. 

Chicago  Curling  Club. — Curling  was  introduced  into  Chicago  in  1854. 
At  the  start  the  Chicago  Club  was  composed  exclusively  of  Scotchmen,  but 
since  that  time  it  has  grown  and  extended  its  membership,  including  several 
Americans  and  members  of  other  nationalities.  Meets  at  83  Madison  st. 
The  present  officers  of  the  club  are:  President,  David  Hogg;  vice- 
president,  James  McWhirter;  secretary,  James  Duncan;  treasurer; 
Alexander  White;  representative  to  the  Grand  National  Curling 
Club,  James  White;  committee  of  management,  John  Campbell, 
James  Ralston,  Dtniel  McKay,  Richard  Pritchard  and  Robert 
McWhirter;  honorary  members,  James  Alston,  Andrew  Wallace,  Robert 
Clark  and  Alexander  Kirkland;  regular  members,  John  Angus,  John  Camp- 
bell, James  Duncan,  Frank  Grady,  David  Hogg,  Robert  C.  Harper,  Alex- 
ander D.  Hannah,  James  B.  Hill,  E.  W.  Kibbie,  Walter  Keeran,  William 
Manson,  Frank  Manson,  Daniel  Manson,  John  McArthur,  Daniel  McKay, 
James  McWhirter,  George  Hoffman,  Thomas  Nicholson,  John  Pettigrew, 
Richard  Pritchard,  John  T.  Raffen,  James  R'Uston.Georce  Wood,  Alexander 


224  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

White,  Alexander  Watson,  G.Barron,  E.Hall,  Archibald  Savage  andG.  Ham- 
mond. Under  the  rules  of  the  National  Curling  Club  the  club  members  are  not 
allowed  to  play  matches  for  money,  as  from  the  very  beginning  every  effort 
has  been  maile  to  keep  the  game  pure  and  free  even  from  the  semblance  of 
gambling.  The  rules  do  not  prohibit  games  between  members,  however,  for 
some  trophy.  The  rule  in  the  Chicago  Club  has  been  to  play  matches  for 
certain  amounts  of  money,  the  winners  to  donate  the  spoils  to  some  charity. 
Chicago  Fencing  and  Boxiivj  Club. — Organized  1890.  Club  rooms,  106 
E.  Randolph  street.  The  objectof  the  organization  -was  to  increase  the  interest 
in  local  amateur  athletic  circles.  Officers:  President,  T.  W.  Sprague;  first 
vice-president,  C.  H.  Chamberlain;  second  vice-president,  F.  E.  Willard; 
secretary,  F.  H.  Wightman;  treasurer,  C.  R.  Calhoun;  captain,  Otto  Hassel; 
first  lieutenant,  C.  T.  Essig;  second  lieutenant,  J.  P.  Keary.  The  instructor 
in  boxing  is  Prof .  George  Siler,  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  boxers  in 
America.  The  club  gives  frequent  public  exhibitions.  UNION  ATHLETIC 
CLUB— President,  J.  F.  Cook.  Meets  at  200  Adams  street.  CHICAGO  ATH- 
LETIC PLEASURE  CLUB— Officers:  G.  S.  Smallwood,  president  and  manager; 
P.  Mahouey,  vice-president;  J.  Dullaghan,  Jr.,  secretary,  and  W.  D.  Fenner, 
treasurer. 

Cricket  Clubs. — CHICAGO  CRICKET  ASSOCIATION — Annual  meeting  1st  Tues- 
day in  April  at  Grand  Pacific.  Officers:  President,  W.  P.  Griswold;  first 
vice-president,  F.  Wilde;  second  vice-president,  H.  A.  Watson;  secretary, 
E.  J.Tomlins,238  Randolph  st.  CHICAGO  CRICKET  CLUB  (incorporated) — Meets 
room  5,  170  State.  ST.  GEORGE  CRICKET  CLUB — Secretary ,  W.  Lovegrove, 
710  N.  Wells.  WANDERERS'  CRICKET  AND  ATHLETIC  CLUB — One  of  the  fore- 
most athletic  clubs  of  Chicago.  Composed  of  cricketers,  sprinters,  rowers,  etc. 

CycUnrj  Clubs. — Among  the  cycling  organizations  of  Chicago  are  the 
following  BICYCLE  CLUBS'  ASSOCIATION,  composed  of  the  wheelmen  of  the 
various  clubs  of  the  city.  The  objects  of  this  association  are  to  secure 
harmonious  and  concerted  action  in  all  matters  of  general  interest  to  wheel- 
men in  Chicago  and  vicinity,  particularly  in  such  matters  as  municipal  legis- 
lation, improvements  of  streets  and  roads,  the  prevention  of  the  theft  of 
wheels,  to  spread  a  knowledge  of  the  rights,  duties  and  privileges  of  wheel- 
men, to  promote  road  and  track  racing,  to  foster  fraternal  club  intercourse 
and,  as  far  as  possible,  to  aid  the  state  and  national  organizations  of  the 
League  of  American  Wheelmen.  The  delegates  and  the  cycling  clubs  repre- 
sented by  them  are  as  follows:  CHICAGO  CYCLING  CLUB — S.  A. "Miles,  L.  B. 
Sherman  andM.  A.  Hosgood.  ILLINOIS  CYCLING  CLUB — T.  L.  Sloan,  A.  J. 
Street  and  W.  A.  Davis.  LINCOLN  CYCLING  CLUB — William  Herrick,  J.  M. 
Irwiu  and  R.  G.  Betts.  WASHINGTON  CYCLING  CLUB — L.  W.  Conkling,  B.  B. 
Ayresand  Frank  Barrow.  DOUGLAS  CYCLING  CLUB — C.  H.  Wachter,  J.  C. 
Wachterand  A.  W.  Miller.  ^EOLUS  CYCLING  CLUB — J.  A.  Erickson,  R.  H. 
Ehret  and  A.  W.  Roth.  OAK  PARK  CYCLING  CLUB — C.  A.  Sturtevant,  C.  E. 
Fox~  and  A.  T.  Merrick.  ENGLEWOOD  CYCLING  CLUB — H.  A.  Stoddard,  F. 
H.  Gere  and  R.  Rees.  LAKE  VIEW  CYCLING  CLUB — LeRoy  Cram,  E.  C. 
Wescott  and  E.  L.  Ward.  VIKINGS  BICYCLE  CLUB — Carl  Dietrich,  F.  A. 
Kern  and  H.  Behrens.  The  association  controls  1,500  political  votes  and 
will  support  candidates  favorable  to  wheelmen  and  wheeling.  AMERICAN 
CYCLING  CLUB — President,  C.  W.  Patterson;  secretary,  H.  M.  Kimball. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  225 

CHICAGO  CYCLING  CLUB— Club  house  located  at  Lake  ave.  and  Fifty-seventh 
St.,  Hvde  Park  Centre.     Take  Illinois  Central  train,  foot  of  Randolph  or 
Van  Buren  St.,  or  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line.    This  is  one  of  the 
largest  cycling  organizations  in  the  country.    Its  membership  consists  of 
about  300  wheelmen,  from  all  parts  of  the  South  Side,  their  runs  being  on 
the  beautiful  boulevards  and  avenues  of  the  South  Park  system.     President, 
C.    E.   Randall;  treasurer,   R.    Powell;  secretary,   Qeo.   Kretsinger.     COOK 
COUNTY  WHEELMEN — An  off-shoot  of  the  Washington  Cycling  Club,  recently 
organized.     Officers:  C.  E.    Graham,   president;  A.   B.   McLean,  Jr.,  vice- 
president;  G.  Howard  Cornell,  secretary;  W.  E.  Brooks,  Jr.,  treasurer;  E.  C. 
W.  Macholdt  and  C.  H.  Hinson,  directors;  W.  u.  Whitson,  captain;  RobertC. 
Craigie,  first  lieutenant;  Bert  Salvage,  second  lieutenant;  C.  G.  Sinsabaugh, 
third  lieutenant;  A.   L.    Holtslander,    color-bearer;    F.   A.   Beach,   bugler. 
DOUGLAS  CYCLING  CLUB — A    large  organization  of   wheelmen.      Officers: 
J.  C.  VVachter,  president;  C.  Kopi,  vice-president-.  Fred  Maack.  secretary; 
J.    G.    Loebstein,   Jr.,   financial" secretary;   Ed  Blettner,  treasurer;  A.    W. 
Miller,  captain;  H.  B.  Walker,  William   Slavik,  board  of  directors;   C.  H. 
Wachter,    A.   A.     Wendell,  surgeons.      Club    house,    586  W.   Taylor  st. 
ILLINOIS  CYCLING  CLUB— Located  at  1068  Washington  blvd.,  just  west  of  the 
railroad  crossing,  south  side  of  street.      Take  Madison  street  cable  line  to 
Campbell  ave.     The  building  is  a  four-story  brick,  built  expressly  for  the 
club,  and  is  arranged  for  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  cyclers.     The 
interior  is  elegantly  furnished.     There  are  billiard-rooms,  card-rooms,  recep- 
tion parlors,  etc.     The  club  has  a  large  membership.      The  officers  are: 
President,  T.   L.    Sloan;    vrce  president,  H.   C.  Knisely;  secretary,  W.  A. 
Davis;  treasurer,  George  A.  Mason;  directors,  C.  R.  Street,  John  Hohmann, 
H.  L.  Barnum;  captain,  E.  J.  Roberts;  first  lieutenant,  Charles  Hagaman; 
second  lieutenant,  H.  E.  Krause;  third  lieutenant,  H.  G.  Chisholm;  fourth 
lieutenant;  George  Skeer;  color-bearer,  John  Palmer;  bugler.  S.   C.  Beach; 
librarian,  H.  J.  Winn;  quartermaster,  C.  H.  Stevens.      LAKE  VIEW  CYCLING 
CLUB — Located  at    Lake  View,    Chicago.     Officers:    President,   C.   Edgar 
Wescott;   vice-president,   LeRoy  T.   Cram;    secretary,  Robert    E.    Ward; 
treasurer,  Harry  Parsons;   captain,  F.  R.    McDonald;  lieutenant,  C.  Arnold 
Wescott;  color-bearer,    Irving  Telling.      The  four  executive  officers   and 
captain  comprise  the   board   of    directors.     LINCOLN  CYCLING  CLUB — 235 
La  Salle  ave.     President,  T.  W.  Gerould;  secretary,  W.  F.  Hochkirk.    OAK 
PARK  CYCLING  CLUB— Located  at  Oak  Park,  a  suburb  of  Chicago;  has  a  large 
membership.     Following  are  the  officers:  President,  C.  A.  Sturtevant ;   vice- 
president,  Thomas  H.    Gale;  secretary,   Ed  Burin gton;    treasurer,    R.     T. 
Miller;  board  of  directors,  J.    M.  Stimpson.  Dr.   De  Vour,  Harry  Pebbles; 
captain,  J.'  M.  Stimpson;   first  lieutenant,   O.  L.    Cox;   second  lieutenant, 
Charles  Steiners;  color-bearer,  James  C.  Carter;  quartermaster,  C.  O.  Lud- 
Jow:  bugler,  A.  T.  Starkweather;  delegates  to  associated  cycling  clubs,  J.  M. 
Stimpson,  C.  A.  Sturtevant,  C.  E.   Fox.      WASHINGTON  CYCLING  CLUB — 650 
W.  Adams.  President,  Burton  i?.  White;  secretary,  Alberf  J.Elliott;  treasurer, 
Frank  Barron. 

Hand  Ball  Courts. — There  are  a  number  of  hand  ball  courts  or  "alleys" 
in  Chicago,  the  best  being  McGurn's,  located  on  Division  st. ,  North  Side. 
Take  Division  st.  car.  Among  the  leading  hand  ball  plavers  of  the  city  are 
Thomas  E.  Barrett,  John  T.  McGurn,  Peter  O'Brien.  Mart  Scanlan,  Hugh 
O'Brien,  William  McGurn,  Dennis  Cronin,  John  Nagle,  Captain  James. 


226  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Pumphry,  of  the  fire  department ;  Marshal  Campion,  David  Gushing,  John 
Healey,  Charles  Dolan,  Catcher  Buckley,  of  theNational  League;  John  Car- 
mody,  Captain  John  Hall,  of  the  fire  department;  ex-Alderman  James  O'Brien, 
Hugh  Harrity,  Con  Dwyer,  Thomas  Loftus,  John  McDonough,  Joseph  Mc- 
Laughlin,  Thomas  McCormack  and  John  Coleman. 

Horse  Associations. — AMERICAN  HORSE  SHOW  ASSOCIATION — 182  Monroe. 
President,  H.  J.  McFarland;  secretary,  Hobart  C.  Taylor;  treasurer,  E.  S. 
Brewster;  general  manager,  E.  C.  Lewis.  CENTRAL  PARK  DRIVING  ASSOCIA- 
TION—President  and  treasurer,  J.  T.  Rawleigh;  secretary,  W.  H.  Kane,  173  La 
Salle.  [See  Washington  Park  Club.] 

Hunting,  Fishing  and  Gun  Clubs. — AUDTTBON  CLUB — Meets  second  Tues- 
day in  each  quarter  at  Kern's,  110  La  Salle.  President,  Chas.  Kern;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  William  W.  Foss.  CHICAGO  CUMBERLAND  GUN  CLT:P, — 
Organized  in  1881.  Located  in  Lake  county,  111.  Itsdub  house  and  grounds 
were  formerly  the  property  of  the  sons  of  an  English  nobleman.  Lord  Parker, 
and  cost  th-at  gentleman  about  $60,000.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  hunt 
ing  club  property  in  the  country.  Fifty  miles  from  the  city,  equipped  superbly 
for  all  purposes  of  this  character,  invaluable  as  a  hunting  ground  for  feathered 
game,  in  a  healthful  locality,  the  Cumberland's  quarters  in  Lake  county  offer 
a  permanent  temptation  t)  the  sportsmen  of  the  club.  The  officers -for  the 
first  year  were  these :  President.  John  M.  Smyth  ;  vice-president.  Frederick 
B.  Norcom;  secretary,  Charles  K.  Herrick;  treasurer,  John  .Heiland ;  board 
of  managers,  Stephen  Rymal,  Charles  D.  Gammon,  Mictael  Eich.  The 
officers  for  the  present  year  are:  President,  H.  I).  Nichols;  vice-president, 
James  Gardner;  secretary,  William  L.  Shepard;  treasurer,  John  Heiland. 
Board  of  managers,  Harry  D.  Nicholls,  Charles  D.  Gammon,  Walter  Mat- 
tocks. CUMBERLAND  GUN  CLUB — Meets  at  Sherman  House.  President, 
Chas.  K.  Herrick;  treasurer,  J.  Heiland  ;  secretary,  W.  L  Shepard,  164  La 
Salle.  CHICAGO  RIFLE  CLUB — President,  S.  M.  Tyrrell  ;  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, W.  H.  Chenoweth,  76  West  Monroe.  CHICAGO  SHAKPSHOOTERS'  ASSO- 
CIATION—Meets  first  Monday  at  49  La  Salle  st.  President,  E  Thielepappe; 
secretary,  Orcas  Matthae;  treasurer,  W.  Burck.  CHICAGO  SHOOTING  CLUB 
— Meets  at  Sherman  House  club  room.  President,  R.  B.  Organ  ;  secretary 
and  treasurer,  John  Matter.  DIANA  HUNTING  CLUB — Clubhouse  at  Thayer, 
Ind.  President,  J.  Press;  secretary,  J.  A.  Kreutzberg.  ENGLISH  LAKE 
HUNTING  AND  FISHING  CLUB — Located  at  English  Lake,  Indiana.  The  club 
was  organized  by  a  number  of  Chicago  gentlemen  in  1878  and  has  prospered 
since  its  birth.  It  is  not  a  regularly  incorporated  body,  but  is  very-wealthy 
notwithstanding,  and  its  club  house  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  comfortably 
equipped  in  the  State.  The  house  is  a  fine  frame  structure  of  twenty  rooms, 
and  surrounding  it  are  6,000  acres  of  marsh-lands.  These  are  the  property 
of  the  club  and  abound  in  duck,  snipe,  prairie  chicken  and  geese.  The 
members  of  the  English  Lake  Club  who  find  pleasure  in  angling  are 
furnished  with  excellent  opportunities  in  the  lake.  Among  the  game  fish 
in  its  waters  are  bass,  pickerel  and  pike.  Officers:  A.  M.  Fuller,  president; 
J.  M.  Adams,  vice-president ;  R.  W.  Hosmer,  treasurer,  and  A.  W.  Cobb, 
secretary.  CHICAGO  FLY  CASTING  CLUB — Meets  at  Sherman  House.  Presi- 
dent, A.  H.  Harryman;  W.  H.  Babcock,  vice-president;  C.  E.  Kenyon,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.  Fox  LAKE  SHOOTING  AND  FISHING  CLUB — Meets  at  theTre- 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  227 

mont  House.  President,  A.  V.  Hartwell;  secretary,  G.  M.  Millard.  117 
Wabash  avenue;  treasurer,  W.  D.  Cooper.  Fox  RIVER  FISH  AND  GAME 
ASSOCIATION — An  association  for  the  preservation  of  fish  and  game  in  the 
Fox  rive*  district.  President,  George  E.  Cole;  directors,  H.  L.  Hirtz, 
C.  A.  Knight.  John  Stephens,  C.  F.  Hills,  George -E.  Cole,  John  Wilkin- 
son, L.  M.  Hamburgher,  George  R.  Davis,  O.  J.  Weidener  and  James 
Gardner.  FORT  DEARBORN  SHOOTING  CLUB — President,  H.  D.  Nichols-; 
A.  Klineman,  vice-president;  C.  K.  Herrick,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
GRAND  CALUMET  HEIGHTS  CLUB — President,  W.  L.  Pierce;  secretary, 
G.  E.  Marshall;  meets  quarterly  at  the  Sherman  House.  LAKE  GEORGE 
SPORTSMAN'S  ASSOCIATION — Meets  second  Thursdays  in  each  quarter  at  Sher- 
man House.  President,  Jas.W.  Sheahan;  secretary,  J.  S.  Orvis.  LAKE  VIEW 
RIFLE  CLUB— Meets  Saturdays  at  2  p.  M.  ,  at  Rifle  Range.  Colebour.  President, 
N.  S.  Warren;  secretary,  W.  W.  Holden.  MAK-SAW-BA  SHOOTING  CLUB — 
Meets  at  Sherman  House;  club  house  at  Davis  Station,  Ind.  President,  T. 
Benton  Leiter;  vice-president,  L.  R.  Brown;  secretary,  W.  R.  Smith.  MIN- 
NEOLA  FISHING  CLUB — Club  House  at  Fox  Lake,  111.  President,  O.  H.  Roche; 
secretary  and  treasurer,  J.  G.  Divenn.  MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  AMATEUR  ROW- 
ING ASSOCIATION — President,  W.  R.  Moore,  Moline,  111.;  secretary,  D.  R. 
Martin,  Pullman,  111. ;  NORTH  CHICAGO  SCHUETZEN  VEREIN — Meets  second 
Tuesdays  at  267  North  avenue.  President,  F.  W.  Labahn;  secretary,  H.  R. 
Zemple,  244  North  avenue.  SPORTSMAN'S  CLUB — Meets  third  Thursday  in 
each  quarter  at  Sherman  House.  President,  C.  N.  Holdeu;  vice-president, 
Charles  Hadwen;  secretary  and  treasurer,  A.  W.  Carlisle,  1001  Rookery 
building.  THE  GUN  CLUB— Meets  at  Sherman  House.  President,  F.  C.  Don- 
ald; secretary  and  treasurer,  C.  E.  Willard.  TOLLESTON  CLUB — Club  grounds 
near  Tolleston,  Lake  county,  Ind.;  composed  of  Chicago  business  men  of 
sporting  taste.  One  of  the  wealthiest  clubs  in  the  United  States.  The  club 
was  originally  organized  in  1871  by  a  number  of  Chicago  gentlemen,  who  had 
for  years  resorted  to  the  marshes  of  the  Calumet,  near  Tolleston,  in  Lake 
county,  Ind.,  for  the  purpose  of  shooting  the  duck  and  chicken  for  which 
these  marshes  are  noted.  They  called  tue  organization  "  Tolleston  Club" 
simply  and  purchased  sixty  acres  of  land  close  to  the  marshes  and  known  as 
Van  der  Naillen  farm.  On  this  land,  which  is  somewhat  elevated,  arose  the 
first  Tolleston  clubhouse.  The  house  has  of  late  years  been  vastly  improved 
and  enlarged,  until  now  it  possesses  every  comfort.  Twenty-two  large  rooms 
are  finely  furnished  and  nothing  is  wanting  to  make  the  quarters  worthy  of 
the  tenants,  among  whom  are  numbered  a  hundred  or  more  of  Chicago's 
wealthiest  citizens.  The  officers  of  the  club  are:  President,  F.  A.  Howe; 
vice-president,  W.  R.  Linn;  secretary,  George  P.  Wells;  treasurer,  C.  D. 
Peacock;  board  of  directors,  C.  C.  Moeller,  James  Wright,  P  Schuttler, 
J.  N.  Grouse,  S.  M.  Moore;  superintendent  of  club  house,  Willard  West. 
UNION  SHOOTING  AND  FISHING  CLUB — Club  house  at  Fox  Lake,  111.;  meets 
third  Tuesdays  each  quarter  at  Grand  Pacific.  President,  John  G.  Beazley; 
secretary  and  treasurer,  J.  C.  McCord,  116  La  Salle,  room  24.  WESTERN. 
RIFLE  ASSOCIATION — Secretary  and  treasurer,  W.  H.  Chenoweth,  76  W. 
Monroe. 

Indoor  Base  Ball  Clubs. — There  are  "  Indoor  Base  Ball  Clubs"  connected 
with  nearly  every  social  club  of  prominence  in  the  city,  besides  a  great  num- 
ber of  independent  organizations  in  city  and  suburbs.  There  are  two  leading 
"leagues"  of  Indoor  Base  Ball  Clubs — the  "Midwinter"  and  Chicago 


228  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ludoor  Base  Ball  League.  The  gime  was  very  popular  and  fashionable  in 
Chicago  last  winter  and  thi  probabilities  are  that  it  will  continue  to  be  so 
for  more  seasons  to  come.  The  game  is  of  Chicago  invention  and  followed 
what  came  to  be  known  as  the  "  Roller  Skating  Craze."  The  ball  used  is  of 
large  size  and  made  of  a  yielding  substance.  The  bat  is  2 %  feet  long  and 
1%  incheS'in  diameter  at  the  larsje  end.  The  four  bases  are  each  1%  feet 
square,  each  filled  with  sand.  They  are  not  secured  to  the  floor,  and  a  man 
may  slide  in  and  carry  the  base  with  him.  The  pitcher's  box  is  six  by  three 
feet,  and  is  marked  on  the  floor  in  chalk.  The  nearest  line  is  22  feet  from 
the  home  plate.  The  bases  are  27  feet  from  each  other,  forming  a  diamond. 
The  distance  from  home  to  second  base  by  a  straight  line  is  37^  feet.  Eight 
or  nine  men  may  be  played  on  a  side  and  only  rubber-soled  shoes  are  used. 
The  leading  teams  are  La  Salles.  Kenwoods.  Oaks  of  Austin,  Idlewilds  of 
Evanston,  Carletons,  Marquettea,  Farraguts.  rml  Ashlands,  of  the  Midwinter 
League,  and  the  Harvards,  Lincoln  Cycling  Club,  Chicago  Cycling  Club. 
and  South  Side  Illinois  Club  of  the  Indoor  League. 

Tennis  Clubs. —  CHICAGO  TF.NNIS  CLUB — 2901  Indiana  ave.  EXCELLO 
TENNIS  CLUB— Secretary,  E.  U.  Kirabark,  183  Monroe.  NORTH  END  TEN- 
MS  CLUB— President,  Wm.  Waller;  secretary,  A.  T.  H.  Brower,  State,  corner 
Burton  pi. 

Union  Athletic  Club. — 52  State  st.  President,  J.  F.  Cook;  secretary,  J.  A 
Bar  key,  113  N.  Peoria. 

Western  Association  of  Base  Ball  Clubs — Office  108  Mauisbn  st.  Presi- 
dent, L.  C.  Krauthoff,  Kansas  City. 

CLUBS— GENTLEMEN'S  AND  SOCIAL. 

Acacia  Club. — A  social  organization,  105  Ashland  ave.,  West  Side. 

^Eolus  Club. — A  social  organization.  Officers: — President,  H.  B.  Keats; 
vice-president,  A.  W.  Roth:  second  vice-president,  S.  Wittenberg;  corres- 
ponding secretary,  T.  J.  Svvenie;  financial  secretary,  H.  J.  Freeman;  treasu- 
rer, C.  P.  Kennedy;  quartermaster,  J.  B.  Wilson;  librarian,  E.  Andrews; 
directors,  J.  Mohr,  Al  Christiansen,  and  S.  W.  Wolf. 

Apollo  Club. — A  musical  organization  of  prominence  and  high  standing 
in  the  city,  of  which  Prof.  W.  L.  Tomlins  is  the  director.  It  has  through  the 
tireless  energy  and  splendid  talents  of  its  leader  and  his  ability  to  impart  his 
profound  knowledge  of  musical  art  in  a  practical  way,  attained  a  high  plane 
of  artistic  effect. 

Argo  Club — Club  house  situated  on  Lake  Michigan  at  the  extreme  end 
of  the  Illinois  Central  pier.  It  is  a  floating  structure  and  the  object  of  locat- 
ing it  on  the  water  is  to  secure  for  the  members  the  cool  breezes  which  blow 
across  the  water  in  the  summer  season.  It  is  in  reality  neither  a  boat  nor  a 
house,  and  yet  both  combined.  It  is  built  entirely  of  wood  aiidcost  $15,000. 
If  it  were  built  on  shore  a  fire  ordinance  governing  the  building  of  frame 
structures  within  the  city  limits  would  swell  the  expenditure  to  twice  that 
size.  The  kitchen  and  store  rooms  are  in  the  hold.  The  main  saloon  is 
above,  and  this  room  is  elaborately  finished  in  mahogany  and  curly  maple. 
From  the  tables,  which  are  scattered  about  the  saloon,  the  club  men  and  their 
guests  are  a.fforded  a  splendid  view  of  the  lake.  The  state-rooms  are  on  still 
another  deck,  end  above  this  is  the  .hurricane  or  promenade  deck,  where  the 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company."! 

CHICAGO  HERALD  BUILDING,  154-158  WASHINGTON  ST. 

[See  "  Newspapers."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  229 

orchestra  is  stationed  at  all  receptions.  From  top  to  bottom  this  half  ship, 
half  house,  is  furnished  in  the  most  luxuriant  style  and  the  gymnasium  or 
athletic  equipment  is  not  surpassed  by  any  semi-aquatic  club  in  the  country. 
Nearly  one  hundred  names  are  on  the  roll  of  membership. 

Ashland  Club. — Located  at  575  Washington  boulevard,  corner  Wood 
street,  organized  in  October,  1886.  It  is  the  leading,  as  well  as  the  largest, 
social  organization  on  the  West  Side.  The  present  membership  is  500,  to  which 
number  it  is  limited  by  the  by-laws  of  the  club.  The  club  house  is  a  handsome 
and  commodious  structure.  It  contains  parlors  and  reception  rooms,  a  ban- 
quet hall  capable  of  seating  200  persons  ;  an  assembly  hall  with  a  floor  space 
60x80  feet,  the  largest  of  the  kind  in  Chicago,  provided  with  a  stage,  with 
complete  settings  suitable  for  theatricals,  concerts,  lectures, etc.,  far  the  exclus- 
ive use  of  the  club  ;  billiard  room  with  twelve  tables,  library  and  reading 
rooms,  wash  and  bath  rooms,  kitchen,  servants'  rooms,  bowling  alleys,  cafe, 
etc.  The  balls  and  other  elegant  entertainments  given  by  the  club  have  made 
it  a  recognized  social  leader:  The  buildings  and  grounds  cost  $85,000.  The 
admission  fee  is  $50  ;  annual  dues  $40.  A.  E.  G.  Goodridge  is  president  and 
A.  N.  Marquis,  secretary. 

Bankers'  Club. — An  association  of  the  leading  bankers  of  the  city.  They 
give  an  annual  banquet,  to  which  distinguished  guests  are  invited.  Offi- 
cers— President,  E.  G.  Keith;  vice-president,  John  C.  Black;  secretary,  James 
D.  Sturges;  executive  committee,  John  C.  Neely,  W.  F.  Dummer  and  John 
C.  Black. 

Bichloride  of  Gold  Club,  of  Chicago. — Organized  on  the  28th  of  July, 
1891,  Composed  of  graduates  of  the  Keely  institute  atDwight  and  its  various 
branches.  Meets  at  155  Washington  street.  Lesley  E.  Keeley,  M.  D.,  LL.  D., 
honorary  president  for  life.  First  officers: President,  Opie  P.  Read  .first vice- 
present,  Thomas  F.  Murray  ;  second  vice-president,  D.  W.  Wood  ;  third  vice« 
president,  John  Dillon  ;  treasurer,  Dr.  W.  F.  Standiford  ;  secretary,  C.  E. 
Banks;  corresponding  secretary,  N.  A.  Reed,  Jr.;  directors,  P.  W.  Snow- 
hook,  N.  A.  Reed,  Jr.,  Frank  A.  Moore,  Louis  A.  Rexford,  H.  H.  Boyington 
and  Charles  H.  Sampson.  Present  officers:  O.  W  .Nash,  president; 
George  B.  Booth,  secretary  ;  N.  A.  Reed,  Jr.;  corresponding  secretary  ;  C.  H. 
Sampson,  treasurer.  This  club  has  done  a  marvelous  amount  of  good  work 
since  its  organization,  it  has  sent  to  Dwight  for  treatment  many  needy  per- 
sons, and  up  to  this  writing  not  a  single  relapse  has  been  reported.  The 
Chicago  club  is  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  Slate  of  Illinois.  The 
incorporators  were  :  Louis  A.  Rexford,  Nate  A.  Reed,  Jr.,  W.  Grant  Rich- 
ardson, Homer  H.  Boyington,  Frank  A.  Moore,  Opie  P.  Reed  and  William 
A.  Standiford. 

Bichloride  of  Gold  Club  of  Dwight. — Located  at  Dwight,  111 . ,  seventy- 
two  miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  Take  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railway.  Or- 
ganized April,  1871,  in  a  blacksmith  shop  by  a  few  graduates  of  the  Keeley 
Institute.  Object  of  the  club,  the  affiliation  of  those  who  have  taken  the 
Kefiley  treatment  at  Dwight,  or  any  of  the  legitimate  branches  of  the  Kteley 
Institute.  This  is  the  parent  club  of  all  the  Bichloride  of  Gold  Clubs  in  the 
world.  Its  meeting  place  for  many  months  was  in  a  disused  Presbyterian 
church  to  which  a  large  addition  or  annex  was  built.  The  club  has  a  mem- 
bership at  present  (summer  of  1892)  of  about  5.000.  These  members  in  turn 
became  connected,  upon  leaving  Dwight,  with  the  various  Bichloride  of 
Gold  Clubs  in  other  parts  of  the  country.  The  badge  of  the  club  is  a  horse- 


230  .GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

shoe  in  token  of  the  place  where  the  first  meeting  was  held,  in  the  center  of 
which  is  the  capital  letter  "  K  "  in  recognition  of  the  discoverer  of  the  Bi- 
Chloride  of  Gold  remedies.  The  club  meets  at  present  in  the  old  opera  house 
at  D  wight,  which  is  also  used  in  part  as  a  treatment  hall.  This  is  supplied 
with  a  stage  and  all  the  necessary  appliances  for  the  giving  of  performances. 
Its  presiding  officers  from  the  commencement  to  the  present  time  have  been 
as  follows:  Presidents:  1st,  S.  E.  Moore,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. ;  2d,  O.  B.  Stan- 
ton,  Dwight,  111.;  3d,  J.  D.  Thayer,  Warsaw,  Ind.;  4th,  B.  Reynolds,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.;  5th,  S.  S.  Lowe,  Chattanooga,  Teun.;  6th,  Wm.  M.  Burris, 
Liberty,  Mo.;  7th,  P.  H.  Sherry,  Joliet,  111.;  8th,  W.  D.  St.  Clair,  Chicago, 
111.; 9th,  Frank  Clark,  Bartow,  Fla.;  10th,  Henry  C.  Cleveland,  Rock  Island, 
111.;  llth,  James  N.  Brown,  Huntsville,  Ala.;  12th,  J.  Haydon  Burns,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  13th,  J.  W.  Van  Dervoort,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.;  14th,  O.  W.  Nash, 
Oak  Park,  111.;  15th,  J.  D.  Kehoe,  Maysville,  Ky.  Chairmen:  1st,  John  J. 
Flinn,  Chicago,  111  ;  2d,  W.  E.  Morrison,  Morrisonville.  111.;  3d,  Waller 
Young,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.;  4th,  Geo.  H.  Slator,  Alpeua,  Mich.;  5th,  Charles 
Stewart,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  The  secretary  of  the  club,  who  is  also  the 
secretary  of  the  Bichloride  of  Gold  Club  of  the  World,  is  Hon.  J.  D.  Kehoe, 
of  Maysville,  Ky.  Meetings  are  held  every  morning  in  the  week  at  nine 
o'clock,  at  which  business  is  transacted  and  departing  members  make  their 
addresses,  etc.  These  meetings  are  conducted  according  to  parliamentary 
rules  and  are  always  interesting.  They  are  usually  attended  by  from  500  to 
700  men.  Song  services  are  held  every  Sabbath.  The  club  entertainments 
are  given  on  Wednesday  and  Saturday  evenings  of  every  week.  Admission 
fee,  $1;  price  of  badge,  $1.50. 

Bichloride  of  Gold  Club  of  the  World. — The  outgrowth  of  the  Bi-Chloride 
of  Gold  Club  of  Dwight.  Founded  in  November,  1891.  First  annual  con- 
vention held  on  Feb.  15,  1892.  First  Board  of  Directors  :  S.  E.  Moore,  Capi- 
talist, Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  who  was  also  first  president  of  the  Bi-Chloride  of 
Gold  Club  of  Dwight;  Hon.  W.  S.  Arnold,  ex-surrogate  judge  of  Idaho  Ter- 
ritory, resident  counsel  at  Dwight  for  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company;  John 
T.  Rice,  M.  D.,  Attica,  lud.;  Hon.  J.  D.  Kehoe,  Maysville,  Ken.;  John  J. 
Fiinn,  Chicago,  111.;  WTilliam  M.  Burris,  Lawyer,  Liberty,  Mo.;  L.  H.  Lyon, 
Capitalist,  Lyou's  Falls,  N.  Y.;  S.  E.  Moore,  President,  W.  S.  Arnold,  Vice- 
President ;  J.  D.  Kehoe,  Secretary.  This  club  is  founded  on  the  principle 
of  Grand  Lodges  and  furnishes  charters  to  subordinate  clubs.  Delegate 
conventions  are  to  be  held  annually.  The  membership  of  the  Bi-Chloride  of 
Gold  Club  of  the  World,  it  is  expected,  will  exceed  20,000  by  the  spring  of 
1893.  „ 

Bon  Ami  Club,  of  Wilmette,. — Located  at  Wilmette,  a  suburb  of  Chicago, 
fourteen  miles  from  the  Court  House.  The  organization  is  for  social  purposes 
strictly.  Officers:  President,  W.  E.  Crane;  secretary',  W.  R.  Morley;  treas- 
urer, E.  T.  Paul;  financial  secretary,  Mrs.  A.  N.  Gage.  The  club  uses  the  old 
Adrian  House  as  a  meeting  place. 

Calumet  Club. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  ave.  and  Twentieth 
St.  Take  Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  Organized  in  1878.  The  building 
which  it  occupies  is  a  magnificent  one,  four  stories  high,  with  fronts  on  both 
the  streets  named.  Thegrand  hall  is  very  handsome,  with  its  broad  fire-plocc, 
handsome  staircase  and  stained  glass  windows.  To  the  left  are  the  drawing- 
rooms,  with  windows  the  whole  length  of  the  Michigan  avenue  front,  and  to 


THE   ENCYCL01  LDTA.  231 

the  right  the  offices,  the  cafe  and  the  billiard  room.  On  the  second  floor  are 
card  rooms  and  the  ball  room,  where,  from  time  to  time  during  the  winter 
months,  entertainments  are  given.  The  third  floor  is  devoted  to  private 
apartments,  and  the  top  floor  to  the  dining  rooms  and  kitchens.  The  Club 
has  a  splendid  collection  of  pictures.  It  aims  to  preserve  the  early  history  of 
the  city  and  State,  and  its  old  settlers'  annual  receptions  have  become  famous. 
The  Club  is  composed  generally  of  the  leading  men  of  the  South  Side. 
Admission  fee,  $100;  annual  dues,  $80. 

Garleton  Club. — A  South  Side  social  organization.  Meets  at  3800  Vin- 
cennes  ave. 

Chicago  Club. — Located  on  Monroe  st.,  between  State  st.  and  Wabash 
ave.,  opposite  the  ladies' entrance  to  the  Palmer  House.  Was  organized  iu 
1869,  and  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  old  Dearborn  Club,  which  was  located  on 
Michigan  ave.,  near  Jackson  st.  The  first  club  house  of  the  Chicago  was 
situated  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  ave.  and  Eldridge  ct.,  and  was  destroyed  in 
the  great  fire.  The  present  building  was  erected  shortly  afterward.  The 
structure  is  not  as  magnificent  as  some  of  the  club  buildings  erected  more 
recently,  but  the  interior  is  beautifully  and  tastefully  arranged.  There  is 
more  real  elegance  about  it  than,  perhaps,  may  be  found  in  any  of  the  others, 
although  it  is  of  an  unostentatious  character.  The  dining  rooms  and  kitchens 
are  at  the  top  of  the  house.  The  Club  is  composed  generally  of  the  merchant 
princes  and  leading  professional  men  of  the  city,  and  it  is  very  exclusive. 
Comfort  and  congeniality  more  than  crowds  and  confusion  are  desired.  The 
admission  fee  is  $300,  the  annual  dues  are  $80,  payable  semi-annually.  Mem- 
bership limited  to  450  residents  and  150  non-residents.  The  Chicago  Club 
has  purchased  the  beautiful  Art  Institute  Building  and  will  probably  move 
into  its  new  quarters  during  the  present  year. 

Chicago  Electric  Club. — Composed  of  electricians  and  those  connected 
with  electric  pursuits.  A  social  club  for  gentlemen.  Located  at  103  Adams 
street.  Its  rooms  are  very  handsomely  fitted  up.  There  are  reception  rooms 
for  members  and  their  friends  of  both  sexes.  There  are  dining  rooms  on  one 
floor  opening  into  Kinsley's  upper  corridors,  and  arrangements  are  made  to 
furnish  either  liquid  or  solid  comfort  after  the  most  approved  method.  Bil- 
liard, chess  and  backgammon  outfits  are  provided  in  elegantly  furnished 
rooms,  but  cards  are  tabooed.  An  audience  hall  occupies  a  large  space  on 
the  top  floor,  where  the  regular  club  meetings  are  held  for  scientific  discus- 
sion. Paintings,  works  of  art,  bric-a-brac,  pervade  the  whole  apartment  and 
a  music  room  with  piano  and  other  instruments  is  a  part  of  the  fitting.  In 
other  words,  all  has  been  done  that  was  needful  to  make  the  club  quarters 
elegant,  refined  and  in  every  particular  a  recherche  gentleman's  club.  Some  of 
the  members  are  as  well  known  in  Europe  as  throughout  the  United  States  ; 
many  of  them  are  social  leaders  and  all  of  them  are  successful  business  men. 

Chicago  Women's  Club. — Organized  in  1876  by  Mrs  Caroline  M.  Brown, 
who  served  as  president  for  three  years.  The  object  of  the  club,  as  defined  in 
the  constitution,  Is  "  mutual  sympathy  and  council  and.united  effort  toward  the 
higher  civilization  of  humanity  and  general  philanthropic  and  literary  work." 
The  club  is  divided  into  six  departments,  as  follows  :  Reform,  philanthropy, 
home,  education,  art  and  literature,  philosophy.  The  regular  meetings  of  the 
club  are  held  on  the  first  and  third  Wednesdays  of  the  month,  with  a  business 
session  on  the  fourth  Wednesday.  The  exercises  consist  of  papers  and  dis- 


232  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

cushions  on  topics  connected  with  the  work  of  the  different  departments. 
Much  outside  work  of  a  philanthropic,  reformatory  and  educational  nature  is 
also  done  by  the  club.  The  work  of  placing  women  physicians  in  the  asylum 
at  Jefferson  to  take  charge  of  women  patients  and  of  securing  the  appointment 
of  women  as  matrons  in  the  jail  and  at  the  police  stations  was  accomplished 
by  the  club,  as  Well  as  that  of  procuring  the  appointment  of  women  on  the 
srhool  board.  The  first  free  kindergarten  was  established  through  the  efforts 
of  this  society,  which  also  raised  among  its  members  and  outside  fiiends 
nearly  $40,000  tor  the  Boys'  Industrial  School  at  Glenwood.  Three  indepen- 
dent organizations  owe  their  existence  to  the  Women's  Club,  viz.,  the  Physio 
Icgical  Society,  the  Protective  agency  for  Women  and  Children,  and  the 
Industrial  Arts  Association.  The  last  named  society  had  for  its  direct  object 
the  introduction  of  manual  training  in  the  lower  grades  of  the  public  schools. 
For  four  years  its  work,  aided  by  the  Decorative  Art  Association,  was  succes- 
fully  carried  on  through  mission  schools,  the  Boys'  Industrial  School  at 
Glenwood,  together  with  the  forming  of  free  classes  for  the  instruction  of 
teachers.  It  tirst  petitioned  the  Board  of  Education  for  trial  schools  in  1887 
and  again  in  1892,  three  of  which  have  been  established.  Classes  for  instruc- 
tion in  the  special  subjects  in  their  charge  are  held  by  the  twoliterary  depart- 
ments of  the  Women's  Club.  The  present  membership  of  the  club  is  about  five 
hundred.  Membership  is  obtained  by  ballot  and  the  payment  of  an  initiation 
fee  of  $10  ;  annual  dues  $5.  The  meetings  are  held  in  the  club  rooms  of  the 
Art  Institute  building,  corner  of  Michigan  avenue  and  Van  Buren  street. 
The  officers  are  :  President,  Julia  Plato  Harvey  ;  vice  presidents,  Lucretia 
M.  Ht-ywood,  N.  Halsted  ;  recording  secretary,  Laura  H.  Clark  ;  correspond- 
ing secretary,  Kate  G.  Huddleston  ;  treasurer,  Frances  B.  Smith  ;  directors, 
Lucretia  Effinger,  Isabel  A. H.  Prindle,  Frank  Stuart  Parker,  Mary  E.Galvin, 
Mary  E.  Farnham,  Jessie  Willard  Bolte,  Kate  M.  Higginson,  Ellen  C. 
Broomell,  Clara  M.  J.  Farson,  Matilda L.  Ware,  Arabella  C.  Rogers,  Mary 
Spalding  Brown,  Sarah  M.  Hey  wood,  Phebe  M.  Butler,  Emma  Dupee,  Ida 
M.  Lane,  Rachel  Mayer,  Kate  Hutchinson  Judah. 

SOCIETY  FOR  THE  PROMOTION  OF  PHYSICAL,  CULTURE  AND  CORRECT 
DRESS. —Fostered  by  the  Women's  Club,  and  holds  its  meetings  in  the  rooms 
of  that  club  which  are  at  present  in  the  Ait  Institute  Building.  These 
meetings  occur  on  the  first  Friday  of  each  month  at  2:30  P.  M.  The  object  of 
the  society  is  mutual  help  toward  learning  the  highest  standards  of  physical 
development,  and  mutual  counsel  towards  realizing  these  standards  in  prac- 
tical life.  The  membership  now  numbers  two  hundred.  The  president  is 
Mrs.  H.  M.  Wilmarth,  222  Michigan  avenue,  and  the  secretary  Mrs.  L.  J. 
Dreier,  4627  Lake  avenue. 

Church  Club—  Organized  December,  1890.  Located  on  the  fourth  floor 
of  the  High  building,  No.  103  Adams  st.  This  is  an  Episcopalian  organization 
and  its  object  is  to  bring  into  closer  relations  the  clergy  and  the  laymen  of  the 
diocese,  such  as  the  board  of  Missions,  the  Standing  Committee,  the  St. 
Andrews  Brotherhood,  the  trustees  of  the  Theological  Seminary,  the  Girls' 
Friendly  Organization,  the  Women's  Auxiliary,  and  every  other  work  of  the 
church,  including  Diocesan  Offices  where  the  Rt.  Rev.  the  Bishop  of 
Chicago  and  the  Archdeacon  can  meet  the  clergy  and  laymen,  and  transact 
any  business  pertaining  to  the  diocese.  Reading  and  reception  rooms  are 
open  to  members  and  visitors  from  9  A.M.  till  5  p  M.  daily  except  Sunday. 
Regular  meetings  of  the  Club  are  held  on  the  1st  Thursday  in  each  month  at 
8  P.M. 


THE  EKCYCLOPEDIA.  233 

Clarendon  Club. — A  social  organization  composed  of  Israelites.  The 
membership,  however,  is  not  limited  to  those  of  Hebrew  race  or  creed.  The 
membership  includes  many  of  the  leading  Hebrews  of  the  city. 

Commercial  Club. — An  association  of  the  leading  merchants,  manufact- 
urers, bankers  and  capitalists  of  Chicago,  the  object  of  which  is  to  encourage 
in  a  social  and  informal  way  the  interchange  of  opinions  respecting  the  com- 
mercial necessities  of  the  city.  The  club  gives  frequent  dinners  and  banquets 
and  entertains  distinguished  guests.  Some  question  of  great  importance 
uppermost  at  the  time  is  always  discussed  at  their  meetings  and  banquets. 
[See  Chicago  Manual  Training  School.]  Officers:  President,  T.  W.  Harvey; 
vice-president,  A.  C.  McClurg;  treasurer,  Henry  J.  McFarland;  secretary, 
Fred  8.  Janes. 

Conference  Club  of  Evanston. —  Organized  in  1890.  Its  object,  "  to  call 
together  gentlemen  of  different  professions  and  opinions  to  discuss  present- 
day  topics,"  has  been  salutary.  A  dinner  is  served  monthly  during  the  win- 
ter, of  which  notice  is  given  to  members,  and  the  topic  for  discussion  is 
announced.  Two  gentlemen  particularly  interested  in  or  familiar  with  the 
subject  are  chosen  to  give  twenty-minute  addresses,  after  which  any  member 
may  speak  upon  the  assigned  subject. 

Congregational  Club. — A  society  of  members  of  the  Congregational  church. 

Officers:    President, ;  E.  H.  Pitkin,  vice-president;  W.  E.  Hale, 

second    vice-president;  Professor  H.   M.  Scott,   third  vice-president;  J.  H. 
Tewksberry,  secretary,  and  J.  R.  Chapman,  treasurer. 

Cosmopolitan  Club  of  Evanston : — The  Cosmopolitan  Club  of  Evanston 
was  organized  in  October  1891,  the  avowed  object  being  to  furnish  comfort- 
able rooms  where  brain  and  brawn  workers  might  meet  on  a  common  footing 
and  enjoy  a  pleasant  hour  in  reading,  games  and  conversation  ;  an  object 
that  has  been  well  carried  out.  The  club  is,  in  a  measure,  unique,  and  at 
first  met  with  considerable  criticism,  but  during  the  three  months  of  its  exist- 
ence it  has  proved  so  great  a  success  that  there  is  no  longer  anything  but 
favorable  comment.  The  rooms  of  the  club,  three  in  number,  are  over  416 
Davis  street  and  are  fitted  up  with  all  sorts  of  conveniences.  There  is  a 
general  assembly  room,  where  lectures  and  entertainments  are  given  and  the 
meetings  of  the  club  are  held,  a  library  with  reading  tables  supplied  with 
nearly  all  the  current  periodicals,  an?l  a  smoking  room  with  card  tables. 

The  credit  of  originating  the  idea  of  the  club  belongs  to  Mr.  Volney  W. 
Foster,  and  to  Mr.  Foster,  Dr.  Hillis  and  one  or  two  others,  who  have  given 
time  and  attention  to  the  enterprise,  the  organization  owes  its  present  success. 

Dearborn  Club. — Located  at  43  and  45  Monroe  st.  [See  "Chicago 
Club."] 

Dinner  Clubs. — Among  these  are  the  "Epicurean"  and  the  "Forty 
Club."  The  members  dine  periodically  at  one  of  the  leading  hotels  and 
discuss  questions  of  current  interest. 

Douglas  Club. — Located  at  3518  Ellis  ave.  Organized  April,  1885. 
Occupies  a  three  story  and  basement  building,  formerly  a  dwelling,  which 
has  been  remodeled.  There  is  a  beautiful  lawn  in  front  and  on  the  sides  of 
the  house.  In  the  basement  are  bowling  alleys  ;  on  the  first  floor  are  the 
dancingjiall,  ladies'  reception  room,  library  and  reading  room  ;  on  the  second 
floor  are  dressing  and  private  rooms  ;  on  the  third  floor  is  a  large  hall  fitted 


234  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

up  with  portable  machinery,  where  dramatic  entertainments  are  given  by 
members  of  the  club.  Ladies  of  each  member's  family,  and  males  from 
fourteen  to  twenty-one,  are  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  the  club,  subject  to 
certain  restrictions.  Admission  fee,  $25  ;  dues,  $30  per  annum. 

Douglas  Park  Club. — A  West  Side  social  organization  of  prominence. 
Officers  :  President,  Lawrence  Ennis;  vice-presidents,  William  P.  Davis  and 
William  Harley  ;  treasurer,  P.  E.  Remie  ;  secretary,  Robert  H.  Coudrey  ; 
Directors,  Pleasant  Amick,  T.  W.  McFarland,  A.  L.  Coates  and  George 
Kohl. 

Elks'  Club. — An  association  of  members  of  theatrical  and  other  prof  essions, 
similar  to  those  in  all  our  large  cities.  Officers:  Dr.  W.  A.  Jones,  E.  R. ; 
George  Schlessinger,  E.  L.  K.;  G.  W.  Barstow,  E.  L.  K.;  D.  E.  Hodges,  E. 
L.  K.;  J.  W.  White,  secretary;  Dr.  L.  H.  Montgomery,  Lee  H.  Willson,  John 
W.  White,  trustees;  Rev.  Henry  G.  Perry, chaplain;  G.  W.  Andrews,  esquire; 
E.  V.  Girard,  inner  guard  general;  J.  W.  Shaw,  organist.  The  lodge  is  in  a 
very  prosperous  condition,  and  during  1892  over  $2,000  was  disbursed  for 
charity. 

Evanston  Club. — Located  at  the  suburb  of  Evanston.  Take  train  at 
Wells  St.  depot,  Wells  and  Kiuzie  sts.,  North  Side;  or  at  Union  depot,  Canal 
and  Adams  streets.,  West  Side.  Club  House  at  Chicago  avenue  and  Grove  street. 
Officers:  President,  Marshall  M.  Kirkman;  first  vice-president,  Milton  W. 
Kirk;  second  vice-president,  N.  C.  Gridley;  treasurer,  W.  J.  Fabian;  secre- 
tary, Frank  M.  Elliot;  additional  directors,  W.  D.  Hitchcock,  F.  A.  Hardy, 
W.  Hokbird,  W.  H.  Bartlelt,  N.  G.  Iglehart,  A.  C.  Buell  and  H.  R.  Wilson. 
Mr.  Kirkman  organized  the  club  and  has  been  fts  president  ever  since.  The 
club  is  open  every  day  in  the  week  from  7  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  mid- 
night. The  interior  of  the  house  is  modestly  beautiful.  A  music  or  dancing 
hall  of  generous  proportions  occupies  the  west  half  of  the  building.  Hand- 
some portieres  separate  the  ladies'  reception  room  from  the  vestibule,  and  the 
lobby  or  smoking  room  occupies  the  center  of  the  club  home.  This  room, 
tinted  in  warm  colors,  is  the  general  lounging  place  for  the  club  men,  and 
from  it  open  the  billard  room,  the  charming  library,  and  the  card  room. 
Below  stairs  are  the  kitchen,  dining  room  and  bowling  alley,  the  latter  having 
two  fine  runways.  The  Evanston  c^b  is  not  a  club  in  the  usual  sense  of 
that  word.  It  is  a  pleasant  rendezvous  where  200  gentlemen  and  their  famil- 
ies may  meet  for  recreation  and  amusement  and  for  the  promotion  of  social 
culture. 

Evanston  Country  Club. — A  summer  social  organization  of  the  suburb  of 
Evanston.  The  home  of  the  ciub  is  known  as  the  "  Shelter,"  and  is  situated 
in  the  midst  of  beautiful  grounds,  on  Hinmah  avenue  and  Clark  street  close 
to  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  the  leading  club  of  the  village  from  May  until  No- 
vember, and  has  a  quasi  connection  with  the  Evanston  Boat  Club  and  other 
social  organizations.  Frequent  receptions,  band  concerts,  boating  parties, 
etc.,  occur  during  the  season.  The  membership  is  about  450,  equally  divided 
between  ladies  and  gentlemen.  The  president  is  Mr.  Marshall  M.  Kirkman; 
Mr.  William  E.  Stockton  and  Mr  Frank  Arnd  are  vice-presidents;  Mr. 
Nicholas  J.  Iglehart  is  treasurer,  and  Mr.  Edwin  F  Brown  is  secretary. 
The  directorate  is  composed  of  twenty  ladies  and  eleven  gentlemen.  It  is  a 
custom  of  the  club  to  have  one  of  the  directorate  ladies,  one  afternoon  and 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  235 

evening  of  each  week,  act  the  part  of  hostess,  presiding  over  the  tea  tables 
and  receiving  the  guests.  The  active  committee  is  termed  the  house  and 
grounds  committee.  The  responsibility  of  success  or  failure  of  the  season 
rests  -with  this  committee,  and  the  appointment  is  no  sinecure.  Mr. 
Thomas  8.  Creighton  is  chairman,  and  is  aided  by  Mr.  Edwin  F.  Brown,  Mr. 
Frederick  Arnd,  Mr.  F.  P.  Frazile,  F.  A.  Handy,  and  B.  V.  Adams.  Many 
of  Chicago's  most  prominent  business  men  wear  the  dainty  silver  four-leaf 
clover,  the  badge  of  the  club. 

Fellowship  Club. — Organized  June  4,  1891.  Object,  the  promotion  of 
good-fellowship,  and  its  extension  to  "the  stranger  within  our  gates." 
Number  of  resident  members  limited  to  fifty;  non-resident  members,  twenty- 
five;  honorary  members  admitted  only  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  members 
present  at  any  meeting  at  which  quorum  of  the  resident  members  is  present. 
Each  member  may  invite  one  guest  to  a  dinner  of  the  club,  the  expenses  to  be 
paid  by  the  member  inviting  him.  The  executive  committee  has  the  right  to 
invite  one  or  more  club  guests  to  each.dinner,  the  expenses  of  whose  entertain- 
ment is  paid  out  of  the  funds  of  the  club.  Initiation  fee,  $25.  Dues  from  resi- 
dent and  non-resident  members,  $10  annually.  Business  meetings  and 
dinners  of  the  club  held  on  the  first  Thursday,  June,  October,  December, 
February  and  April,  and  on  other  stated  occasions.  Meetings  held  at  one  of 
the  leading  hotels  or  restaurant.  Officers:  James  W.  Qcott,  president;  George 
Driggs,  vice-president;  H.  Y.  Selfridge,  treasurer;  F.  Willis  Rice,  secretary. 
No.  7  E.  Monroe  street.  Executive  committee:  James  W.  Scott,  George 
Driggs,  F.  Willis  Rice,  H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  Victor  Lawson  and  M.  P.  Handy. 

Foreign  Book  Club. — Comprised  of  ladies  of  the  North  Side  who  read 
Foreign  literature.  Its  membership  is  small. 

Forty  Club. — A  dinner  club  meeting  monthly.  Active  membership  lim- 
ited to  forty  drawn  from  bench,  bar,  the  law,  the  theaters,  and  the  profes- 
sions generally.  Entertains  theater  people  and  distinguished  writers. 
Meets  at  one  of  the  principal  hotels. 

Fortnightly  Club  of  Chicago.— Meets  Fridays  at  2:30  P.  M.  at  Art  Institute, 
Michigan  ave.  and  Van  Buren  st.  Organized  as  a  Woman's  Club  in  1873  by 
Mrs.  Kate  Newell  Doggett.  Intended  originally  as  a  Womans'  Suffrage 
Organization,  in  which  men  and  women  should  hold  membership.  Now 
devoted  to  social  intercourse  and  intellectual  culture.  The  work  of  this 
association  is  arranged  on  a  carefully  considered  plan,  which  secures  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject  to  be  treated  at  each  meeting.  Each 
writer  has  a  year  in  which  to  master  the  subject  she  is  to  present,  and,  as  the 
writer  of  an  essay  remarked,  "To  prepare  a  paper  for  the  Fortnightly  is  to 
add  a  good  deal  to  your  education,  it  matters  not  how  liberal  it  maybe." 
The  work  of  the  club  for  the  year  is  divided  into  two  courses,  the  continuous 
course  of  study  and  the  miscellaneous  course.  A  committee  of  five  members 
takes  charge  of  the  continuous  course,  which  is  represented  by  a  paper  at  one 
of  the  two  meetings  that  occur  each  month,  and  another  committee  of  the 
same  number  directs  thu  miscellaneous  course,  which  presents' a  paper  on  the 
alternate  day.  At  each  of  the  meetings,  which  occur  the  first  and  third  Fri- 
days in  the  month,  a  well  prepared  and  brilliant  discussion  under  appointed 
leaders  follows  the  paper.  The  discussion  over,  tea  and  cake  are  served  and 
a  delightful  social  hour  closes  the  meeting,  at  which  the  visitor  will  observe 
that  the  strictest  parliamentary  forms,  as  well  as  the  latest  behest  of  fashion, 
are  carefully  obeyed.  The  membership  of"  The  Fortnightly  of  Chicago" 
is  limited  to  175.  The  initiation  fee  and  also  the  yearly  dues  are  $12.  The 


236  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

officers  are:  President,  Mrs.  Charles  D.  Hamill;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  F. 
M.  Wilmarth;  second  vice-president,  Mrs.  Otto  H.  Matz;  corresponding 
secretary,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  M.  Stone;  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Gardner; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  B.  F.  Aver;  directors,  Mrs.  Milward  Adams,  Mrs.  H.  G. 
Brainerd,  Miss  Nina  G.  Lunt,  Mrs  J.  J.  Glessner,  Mrs.  John  Ailing,  Mrs. 
James  M.  Hubbard. 

Germania  Mwnnerchor . — Located  at  North  Clark  street,  corner  of  Ger- 
mania  Place.  Take  North  Clark  street  cable  line.  President,  Harry  Rubens  ; 
vice-president,  Chas.  H.  Wacker ;  secretary,  Geo.  W.  Claussenius  ;  treasurer, 
F.'J.  Dewes.  The  socity  had  its  origin  at  the  funeral  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
in  1865,  when  a  small  party  of  Germans  from  Chicago  attended  to  render  a 
chorus.  They  were  pleased  with  each  other's  singing  and  determined  upon 
the  organization  of  a  permanent  society.  To  day  it  is  one  of  the  largest,  most 
respectable  and  most  prominent  musical  organizations  in  the  country.  Incor- 
porated March  31,  1869.  Membership  about  650,  of  which  125  are  not  Ger- 
mans. The  club  is  social  as  well  as  musical.  The  club  house  is  one  of  the 
handsomest  in  Chicago. 

German  Press  Club. — An  association  of  the  German  press  clubs  of  the 
city.  Meets  at  106  Randolph  street.  The  club  has  fifty-five  active  members 
and  several  honorary  members.  Was  organized  in  1891.  President,  Theo- 
dore Janssen. 

Girls'  Mutual  Benefit  Club. — Organized  in  November,  1890;  located  at  100 
Cornelia  st.  The  institution  was  established  solely  through  the  efforts  of  a 
few  energetic  young  ladies  of  the  Third  Presbyterian,  First  Congregational 
and  the  Epiphany  Episcopal  Churches,  Miss  Sadie  Morgan,  Mrs.  C.  D. 
Howell,  Miss  Helen  Hutchins,  Miss  Mary  Gillman,  Miss  Ida  E.  Moore  and 
Miss  Alice  C.  Burkhardt.  Nearly  one  hundred  working  girls  nightly  receive 
instructions  in  those  arts  which  make  the  model  housewife.  The  follow, 
ing  is  the  curriculum:  Monday,  dressmaking  and  typewriting;  Tuesday, 
dressmaking  and  music;  Wednesday,  cooking  and  history;  Thursday,  music, 
embroidery  and  millinery;  Friday,  cooking;  Saturday,  embroidery,  cooking 
and  music.  The  house  is  self  supporting,  each  one  of  the  members  being 
required  to  pay  a  weekly  assessment  of  5  cents.  The  teaching  force  includes, 
besides  the  ladies  already  named,  Miss  Wolf,  Miss  Avery,  Miss  Reese,  Miss 
Lowden,  Miss  Page,  Miss  Mack,  Miss  Burdick,  Miss  Fritz,  Miss  Blanche  and 
Content  Patterson.  On  every  weekday  evening  there  are  at  least  three  of 
these  ladies  present  to  take  charge  of  the  various  classes.  The  house  is  com- 
fortably furnished  and  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  to  which  it  is  put.  The 
nucleus  of  a  library  has  been  started,  and  it  is  expected  that  before  long  the 
number  of  books  will  be  large  enough  to  warrant  the  starting  of  a  circulating 
library.  Officers— President,  Miss  Sadie  Morgan;  vice-president,  Mrs.  C.  D. 
Howell;  secretary,  Miss  Ida  E.  Moore;  treasurer,  Miss  Helen  Hutchins. 

Grant  Club. — Chartered  Aug  10,  1885.  Object:  To  promote  social 
and  political  intercourse,  and  advance  the  interest  of  the  Republican  party. 
Also  the  discussion  of  improvements  in  our  municipality.  Holds  its  annual 
meeting  on  the  third  Thursday  in  August.  On  June  3d,  1891,  at  the  unveiling 
of  the  Grant  statue  at  Galena,  111.,  thirty  of  its  members  participated  in  the 
exercises.  Officers:  President,  Hon.  L.  L.  Bond;  1st  vice-president,  Fred 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  23? 

M.  Blount;  3d  vice-president,  Henry  H.  Heistand;  secretary,  Dr.  Listen  H. 
Montgomery,  70  State  street;  assistant  secretary,  Chas.  L.  Webster;  treasurer, 
M.  E.  Cole;  sergeant-at-arms,  W.  H.  Cosper. 

Hamilton  Club. — Chartered  April.  1890.  Named  after  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton, the  American  statesman.  The  original  officers  of  the  club  were  presi- 
dent, R.  H.  McMurdy;  secretary,  Rufus  Metcalf ;  treasurer,  Ralph  Metcalf. 
The  club  is  one  of  the  most  noted  institutions  of  Chicago,  with  a  large  mem- 
bership composed  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  in  all  walks  of  life.  In 
politics  it  is  republican,  but  is  not  partisan  in  spirit.  State  and  national  ques- 
tions of  importance  are  freely  considered,  with  the  view  of  increasing  the 
growth  of  patriotism  and  the  promotion  of  good  government  by  its  diffusion 
of  the  principles  of  Hamilton,  is  doing  much  to  promote  the  cause  of  loyalty 
to  the  nation.  Its  annual  banquets  are  among  the  notable  political  events  of 
each  year,  the  speakers  at  the  banquet  of  1892  including  such  representative 
public  men  as  Russell  A.  Alger  of  Michigan,  John  M.  Thurston  of  Nebraska, 
and  Governor  Joseph  W.  Fifer.  The  present  officers  of  the  club  are:  Presi- 
deut.HenryM.  Bacon;  first  vice-president,  Frederick  A.  Smith;  second  vice- 
president,  George  P.  Englehard;  third  vice-president,  Jamts  R.  Terhune; 
treasurer,  Ralph  Metcalf;  directors  (five  to  be  elected),  John  P.  Ahrens,  E. 
M.  Ashcroft,  Frank  H.  Barry,  Will  H.  Clark,  George  H.  Harlow,  Thomas 
Hudson,  John  R.  Laing,  J.  B.  Mailers,  Charles  D.  Warren;  members  of 
political  action  committee  (two  to  be  elected),  George  P.  Englehard,  John  H. 
Hamline,  George  H.  Harlow,  James  R.  Terhune. 

Harvard  Club  — Organized  1888.  Club  house  located  at  Sixty-third  and 
Harvard  sts.,  Englewood.  A  social  organization.  It  has  a  large  membership 
and  gives  frequent  receptions  through  the  season. 

Harvard  University  Club.— Composed  of  graduates  of  Harvard  University, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  resident  in  Chicago.  Moses  J.  Wentworth,  president. 
Meets  at  stated  occasions  in  the  Auditorium  hotel,  holds  an  annual  banquet 
and  entertains  distinguished  officers  and  graduates  of  the  University,  from 
time  to  time.  Many  leading  citizens  of  Chicago  are  members. 

Hyde  Park  Club. — Located  at  Hyde  Park.  Club  house,  corner  of  Wash- 
ington avenue  and  Fifty-first  street.  Has  a  membership  of  about  250. 
Take  Illinois  Central  train,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  street,  or 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line.  The  building  is  a  handsorre  one.  Its 
exterior  is  striking  and  the  interior  has  evidently  been  given  the  thought  of 
tasteful  decorators.  It  is  strictly  a  gentleman's  club.  There  are  two  stories 
and  a  basement  devoted  to  club  purposes.  In  the  basement  are  the  gymna- 
sium, bowling  alley,  store  room,  kitchen  and  boiler  room.  On  the  first  floor 
is  a  capacious  foyer,  opening  into  which  are  the  office,  reception  and  reading 
rooms,  connected  by  an  inglenook,  a  billiard  room  with  eight  tables  and  a 
cafe.  The  second  floor  is  reached  by  the  grand  staircase,  which  leads 
through  a  broad  hall  to  the  ball  room  and  art  gallery  adjoining,  all  three  of 
which  can  be  used  for  dancing  on  occasions.  On  this  floor  there  are  also 
fourcosey  card  rooms  and  a  committee  room,  which  can  be  thrown  together 
when  desired.  The  whole  interior  is  finished  in  antique  oak.  The  mantels 
and  even  the  office  desk,  having  been  designed  by  the  architect  of  the  build- 
ing, blend  harmoniously  with  the  treatment  of  the  rest  of  the  woodwork. 
This  beautiful  building  was  dedicated  by  the  club  in  1890.  The  officers  are: 


238  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

president,     Martin    J.    Russell;     vice  president',  W.   R.    Kerr;     secretary, 
Edward  R.  Shaw;  treasurer,  S.  R.  Jenkins;  directors,  Burton  A.  Sewell,  C. 

E.  Woodruff,  E.  H.  Turner,  Robert  Boyd,  Charles  H.  Hunt,  Robert  Stewart, 
C.  A.  Mallory,  W.  D.  Mackey  and  S.  G.  Wilkins. 

Ideal  Club. — A  social  organization;  meets  at  531  and  533  Wells  street. 
Officers:  president,  David  Eichberg;  vice-president,  Simon  Goldsmith;  secre- 
tary, Samuel  J.  Marks;  treasurer,  Adolph  Berg;  directors,  A.  Shakman, 

F.  Griesheimer,  A.  Yondorf,  C.  S.  Bloch,  Jos.  Goodman,  Geo.  Frank,  E.  C. 
Hamburgher,  Jos.  P.  Weinreb. 

Idlewild  Club  of  Evamton. — The  Idlewild  Club  of  Evanston  is  an  organi- 
zation composed  of  the  younger  men  of  the  village.  They  have  commodious 
quarters  on  Davis  street,  known  as  Idlewild  hall,  and  occupy  all  the  second 
story  of  one  and  the  greater  portion  of  another  of  the  larger  business  blocks, 
and  consists  of  the  largest  hall  in  the  village,  together  with  reading  and 
billiard  rooms.  The  special  feature  of  this  club  is  winter  ball,  and  on  the 
occasion  of  league  games  the  hall  is  packed  with  enthusiastic  spectat.ors  all 
whom  contribute  a  liberal  sum  by  the  purchase  of  associate  members'  tickets, 
which  entitles  the  holder  to  witness  all  the  games  played.  The  club  has  thus 
far  this  season  played  19  games  with  Chicago  and  neighboring  teams  and 
has  yet  to  lose  its  first  game.  The  phenomenal  playing  makes  the  home  team 
the  pride  of  the  town  and  they  are  warmly  encouraged  by  the  substantial 
citizens.  The  club  also  gives  numerous  parties  and  social  entertainments 
during  the  winter  season. 

Illinois  Club. — Located  at  154  Ashland  ave..  West  Side.  Take  W.  Madi- 
son street  cable  line.  Organized  in  1878.  First  building  occupied,  401 
Washington  blvd.;  moved  to  Ashland  ave.  and  Madison  St.;  purchased  pres- 
ent quarters  in  1884.  Occupies  a  very  handsome  and  commodious  building, 
fronting  the  most  beautiful  avenue  in  the  West  division  of  the  city.  Object 
of  club,  the  cultivation  and  promotion  of  literature  and  the  fine  arts,  and  of 
social  intercourse.  The  house  contains  kitchens,  dining  rooms,  parlors, 
reception  rooms,  reading  rooms,  billiard  room,  wash  room,  bowling  alley, 
ball  room,  private  rooms,  etc.  Some  very  handsome  pictures  ornament 
its  walls.  It  gives  elegant^  entertainments  during  the  winter  seasons. 
Admission  fee,  $100.  Annual  dues,  $50.  William  ,).  Chalmers,  president 
Fred  S.  James,  vice-president;  J.  F.  Talbot,  secretary;  Charles  C.  Reed, 
treasurer.  The,  following  were  elected  directors  for  three  years:  Willis  G. 
Jackson,  James  P.  Soper  and  A.  C.  Wakeman. 

Indiana  Club. — Located  at  3349  Indiana  ave.  Organized  in  1883.  Take 
Indiana  avenue  car,  via  Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  Occupies  a  very  pleas- 
antclub  house,  a  two  story  brick  building.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  billiard 
and  pool  rooms,  bowling  alley  and  dressing  rooms;  on  the  second  floor  are 
the  parlor,  reception  room,  card  room,  and  a  spacious  dancing  hall.  This  is 
a  family  club,  the  wives  and  children  of  members  being  entitled  to  all  privi- 
leges. Entertainments  are  given  at  intervals  throughout  the  year.  Admis- 
sion fee,  $50.  Annual  dues,  $20. 


"THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  239 

Irish-American  Club. — Organized  May,  1880.  Location  of  club  rooms, 
40  Dearborn  st.  Membership  about  250.  The  fundamental  principle  of  this 
club  is  an  immutable  belief  in  Ireland's  right  to  be  governed  by  and  for  her 
own  people  as  an  independent  nation.  The  objects  of  the  club,  however,  are 
social.  All  men  of  Irish  binh  or  descent,  of  good  reputation,  are  eligible  to 
membership.  Officers:  President,  John  L.  Cooke;  vice  president,  Mark  Mad- 
den; secretary,  James  Conlan,  Jr.;  treasurer,  John  B.  Heaney;  executive 
committee:  M.  J.  Keane,  M.  W.  Kerwin,  P.  Cavanaugh,  M.  S.  Madden. 

Iroquois  Club. — Located  at  1 10  Monroestreet(Columbia  Theatre  Building), 
in  the  business  center  of  the  city.  Organized  October4, 1881.  It  is  a  political 
(Democratic)  and  social  club.  Has  very  handsome  and  spacious  quarters, 
arid  is  provided  with  all  the  comforts  of  modern  club  houses.  It  is  the  lead- 
ing Democratic  political  club  of  *he  city,  and  numbers  among  its  members 
the  most  prominent  partisans  of  the  Jeffersonian  creed.  Its  influence  is  felt 
in  National,  State  and  Municipal  campaigns.  The  Iroquois  Club  entertains 
splendidly,  and  it  was  at  a  reception  given  here  that  Grover  Cleveland  used 
ttie  expression,  "A  public  office  is  a  public  trust."  Membership  about  500. 
Admission  fee  and  annual  dues  reasonable.  Officers,  president,  Adlai  T. 
Ewiug;  vice-presidents — North  Division,  John  Addison,  E.  O.  Brown,  and 
A.  C.Helmhoiz;  South  Division,  O.  S.  Favor,  F.  G.  Hoyne,  and  A.  W.  Wright; 
West  Division,  J.  J.  Byrne,  E.  Carqueville,  and  Malcolm  McDonald,  Jr.; 
recording  secretary,  J.  F.  Learning;  corresponding  secretary,  R.  W.  Mor- 
rison; treasurer,  E.  R.  Cox. 

Irving  Club. — Located  at  Irving  Park,  a  suburb  of  Chicago,  organized 
in  1890.  This  club  has  an  elegant  home.  The  officers  are:  C.  A.  Cook, 
president;  Frank  Crego,  vice-president;  John  I.  Oswald,  secretary;  A.  V. 
Berry,  treasurer;  and  besides  these  four,  John  I.  Monk,  D.  L.  Buzzell,  Phil 
W.  Coyle  and  W.  T.  Orell,  as  a  board  of  directors.  The  Irving  Club 
House  occupies  a  commanding  position,  well  back  in  a  beautiful  stretch  of 
ground  near  the  center  of  the  little  suburb.  The  building  is  of  frame,  with  a 
convenient  height  of  three  stories.  On  the  first  floor  of  the  clubhouse  are  the 
billiard-rooms,  the  gymnasium  and  the  bowling  alley.  The  second  floor  con- 
tains the  club  parlors  and  reception-rooms,  the  directors'  meeting-room  and 
the  library.  On  the  third  floor  is  the  pride  of  the  whole  affair,  a  masonic  lodge- 
room  and  a  hall  for  other  society  meetings.  The  club  house  is  very  neatly 
furnished,  all  of  its  decorations  being  selected  in  extremely  good  taste. 

Ivanhoe  Club. — Located  at  South  Evanston.  Organized,  1891.  Object, 
the  promotion  of  social  intercourse  between  members  and  their  families. 
Officers:  President,  O.  T.  Maxom,  M.  D.;  vice-president,  Evan  H.  Hughes; 
second  vice-president-,  A.  C.  Pinkham;  secretary,  John  E.  Poor;  treasurer, 
Thomas  L.  Fansler.  Directors:  Albert  E.  Jacox,  A.  B.  Beerup,  G.  B.  Tre- 
loar,  Frank  Sherman  and  C.  S.  Redfield. 

John  A.  Logan  Club. — Located  at  466  La  Salle  ave.,  North  Side.  Take 
Clark  or  Wells  street  cable  line.  Organized  February  12,  1888.  A  polit- 
ical (Republican)  and  social  club.  Has  commodious  quarters.  Admission 
fee,  $10;  annual  dues,  $12. 

Kenwood  Club. — Located  at  Forty-seventh  st.  and  Lake  ave.,  Kenwoot 
Take  Illinois  Central  train  at  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  Street  depot.     Organ 
ized  in  1883.     A  social  and  family  club  in  which  the  ladies  and  other  members 
of  the  family  are  entitled  to  privileges.     Occupiesthe  former  residence  of  Nor- 


240  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

man  B.  Judd,  Esq.,  which  has  been  remodeled  and  enlarged.  The  bowling 
alley,  dining-room  and  kitchen  are  in  the  basement;  on  the  first  floor  are  the 
hall,  office,  reception  and  dancing  hall;  on  the  second  floor  are  the  card 
rooms,  billiard  room,  reading  room,  library,  ladies' and  gentlemen's  dressing 
rooms,  etc.  Admission  fee,  $100;  annual  dues,  $40.  The  officers  are: 
Edwin  F.  Bayley,  president;  William  S.  Seaverns,  vice-president;  Charles  B. 
Vankirk,  second  vice-president;  Harry  B.  Black,  treasurer;  Charles  C.  Whit- 
tiker,  secretary.  The  board  of  directors  is  composed  of  C.  B.  Bouton,  John 
S.  Belden,  William T.  Brown,  Ed.  R.  Woodle,  W.  T.  Whetmore,  T.  S.  Faun- 
tleroy,  J.  Frank  Aldrich  and  F.  H.  McClure. 

Lafayette  Club. — A  social  organization  of  the  South  Side.  This  club 
gives  twelve  dances  each  year,  nine  at  Douglas  Hall  and  three  at  Jackson 
Park  pavilion. 

LaGrange  Club. — Located  at  LaGrange,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  A  social 
club;  membership  100;  fee  $10,  dues  $20  annually. 

Lakeside  Club. — Located  on  Indiana- avenue  between  Thirty-first  and 
Thirty-second  streets.  Organized  in  1884.  Take  Indianaavenue  car,  via  Wabash 
avenue  cable  line.  O  wns  its  present  home,  a  modern  building  of  brick  and  stone, 
containing  three  stories  and  a  basement.  The  billiard  room,  cafe,  bowling 
alley,  private  supper-rooms  and  dining  room,  capable  of  seating  400  guests, 
are  located  in  the  basement,  on  the  first  floor  are  the  ladies'  and  gentlemen's 
parlors  and  reception  room,  drawing  rooms,  and  an  assembly  and  dancing 
room,  fifty -five  feet  wide  by  one  hundred  feet  long;  in  the  second  story  are  the 
card  rooms  and  gymnasium;  in  the  third  story  are  private  rooms  and  servants' 
apartments.  Admission  fee,  $200;  annual  dues,  $40.  Membership  limited 
to  250. 

La,  Salle  Club. — Located  at  542  Monroe  St.,  West  Side.  Take  West 
Madison  street  cable  line.  Organized  in  1884.  It  is  a  political  (Republican) 
and  social  club.  First  occupied  premises  at  9  Laflin  st. ;  moved  to  28  Warren 
ave.  and  finally  came  into  possession  of  the  former  residence  of  C.  C.  Holton, 
Esq.,  which  has  been  remodeled,  enlarged  and  beautified.  It  is  a  marble 
front,  four  stories  and  basement,  with  a  frontage  of  125  feet,  and  a  depth  of 
95  feet.  An  addition  of  48x125  feet  has  been  made  by  the  club.  The  lunch 
room,  cafe,  cigar  stand,  gymnasium  and  bowling  alley  are  located  m  the 
basement;  on  the  first  floor  are  the  hall,  two  large  parlors,  reading  room  and 
office,  and  billiard  room  with  twelve  tables;  on  the  second  floor  are  eighteen 
card  rooms,  and  the  assembly  hall;  on  the  third  floor  are  private  rooms,  ser- 
vants' quarters,  etc.  Admission  fee,  $50;  annual  dues,  $40. 

Lincoln  Club. — An  organization  of  young  Republicans  of  the  West  Side, 
with  purposes  similar  to  those  of  the  Hamilton  Club  of  the  South  Side  and 
theMarquette  Club  of  the  North  Side.  Officers:  H.  A.  Ingalls,  president;  C. 
A.  Brown,  first  vice-president;  Dr.  II.  M.  Thomas,  second  vice-president;  W. 
W.  Wheelock,  secretary;  H.  S.  Dale,  treasurer;  house  committee,  R.  J.  Bas- 
sett,  L.  D.  Taylor  a.nd  Dr.  Stuart  Johnstone;  entertainment  committee,  E.W. 
North cott,  E.  L.  Hance  and  Grant  W.  Ford;  library  and  publishing  com- 
mittee, O.  N.  Carter,  E.  R.  Edoand  F.  S.  Loomis;  membership,  W.H.  Noble, 
W.  A.  Leonard  and  A.  M.  Rogers;  political  action  committee  G.  E.  Foss,  H. 
JL.  Wheeler,  W.  S.  Holden,  A.  S.  Kimball  and  A.  Wahl. 

Lotus  Social  Club. — Composed  of  the  leading  colored  people  of  the  city. 
Give  social  parties. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  241 

Marquette  Club. — Location  of  club  house  former  residence  of  the  late 
Hon.  E.  13.  Washburne,  corner  of  Dearborn  ave.  and  Maple  St.,  organized 
1886.  This  handsome  building  has  been  remodeled  and  fitted  up  in  the  most 
approved  style,  making  it  one  of  the  finest  club-houses  in  the  city.  The  ban- 
quet hall  is  worthy  of  a  special  mention.  It  is  the  handsomest  in  Chicago  and 
is  second  only  to  that  of  the  Auditorium  Hotel.  The  Marquette  is  a  club  com- 
posed of  the  leading  republicans  of  the  North  Side.  It  is  a  social  rather  than 
a  political  club,  however.  It  has  a  present  membership  of  three  hundred. 
Many  of  the  republicans  of  the  city,  non-residents  of  the  North  Side,  are  mem- 
bers. Among  its  honorary  members  is  President  Harrison.  The  Hamilton 
Club  of  the  South  Side  and  the  Lincoln  Club  of  the  West  Side,  are  formed  on 
the  same  principal.  The  Marquette  gives  numerous  entertainments  and  re- 
ceptions duiing  the  season.  It  has  from  time  to  time  the  leading  republicans 
of  the  country  as  its  guests  and  its  banquets  are  watched  with  a  great  deal  of 
interest  by  politicians  as  expression  is  frequently  given  to  the  keynotes  of 
political  campaigns  at  these  gatherings.  The  officers  are :  president,  E.  B. 
Gould;  vice-president,  T.  S.  Simpson;  treasurer,  W.  A.  Poulson;  secretary, 
J.  E.  Rodgers;  chairman  political  action  committee,  John  S.  Runnells. 

Minneola  Club. — Officers:  President,  O.  H.  Roche;  .vice-president,  M. 
Hamburger;  secretary  and  treasurer,  James  G.  Deven.  Directors,  O.  H. 
Roche,  J.  G.  Deven,  L.  M.  Hamburger,  Robert  Lindblom,  T.  Bennett,  J.  C. 
Peasley  and  J.  V.  Booth. 

Minnette  Club. — A  West  Side  social  organization  which  gives  receptions 
at  Martine'a  Hall,  55  Ada  St.,  during  the  season. 

Nationalists'  Club. — An  association  of  gentlemen  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  interchanging  ideas  regarding  questions  of  National  interest  and  advo- 
cating reform  in  Legislation  and  Government.  Meets  at  the  Grand  Pacific 
Hotel. 

Newsboys  Club. — Occupies  rooms  one  and  two  in  the  Imperial  Building, 
Mr.  Alfred  J.  Barnes  is  president;  Miss  Mary  Logan  Pearson,  vice-president; 
Miss  Mary  E.  Sands,  secretary;  Mr.  Alexander  Schultz,  treasurer,  and  Mr.  Ford 
Jones,  librarian.  The  club  is  in  a  flourishing  condition.  It  has  a  good  library. 
Well-behaved  newsboys  are  admitted  to  membership. 

North  Shoi-e  Club. — A  family  Club.  Has  entertainments  of  different 
kinds  two  or  three  times  a  week  during  the  winter,  for  the  members,  their 
wives  and  children.  Lawn  tennis,  etc.,  in  the  Summer.  Club  House  and 
grounds  open  to  the  ladies  of  members'  families  at  nil  times. 

Oakland  Club. — Located  at  Ellis  and  Oakland  avenues,  in  building  for- 
merly the  Lake  Side  Skating  Rink.  Take  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line 
or  Illinois  Central  train  at  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  Street  depot  to  Thirty- 
ninth  street,  Oakland  station.  The  building  has  been  remodeled  and  refitted 
for  club  purposes.  It  is  a  large,  two-story  brick  structure,  rather  unique 
from  an  architectural  point  of  view.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  office,  gentle- 
men's and  ladies'  reading  rooms,  promenade  hall,  two  ladies'  parlors,  two 
gentlemen's  sitting  rooms,  billiard  hall  100  feet  long,  two  card  rooms,  kitchen 
and  dancing  hall  100  by  80  feet;  the  second  floor  contains  the  assembly 
room,  private  rooms,  servants'  quarters,  etc.  Strictly  a  family  club.  No 
intoxicating  liquors  or  games  of  chance  allowed  on  the  premises.  Admis- 
sion fee,  $50;  annual  dues,  $30. 


242  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

Oaks,  of  Austin. — Located  in  their  own  building  at  Austin,  one-half 
mile  west  of  city  limits.  Take  train  at  Wells  street  depot,  Wells  and  Kmzie 
streets.  Has  very  handsome  quarters,  consisting  of  a  reception  hall,  parlors, 
card  and  billiard  rooms,  banquet  hall,  etc.  The  club  has  facilities  for  giving 
amateur  theatrical  performances. 

Park  Club. — Located  corner  57th  street  and  Rosalie  court.  Take  Cottage 
Grove  avenue  cable  line  or  Illinois  Central  train  at  Randolph  or  Van  Buren 
street  to  South  Park  station.  Organized  in  1886.  A  family  club.  Occupies 
a  handsome  building  four  stories  in  height.  In  the  basement  are  the  bowling- 
alleys,  pool  room  and  janitor's  rooms  ;  on  the  first  floor  are  the  ladies'  recep- 
tion, cafe  and  hall ;  on  the  second  floor  are  the  billiard  room,  card  rooms  and 
director's  room  ;  the  upper  floor  is  thrown  into  an^assembly  room,  with 
boudoirs,  etc.  The  club  house  has  splendid  verandas,  which  make  it  a  most 
attractive  resort  in  the  summer.  Admission  fee,  $25,  annual  dues,  $40. 

Phcenix  Club. — Located  at  Thirty-first  street  and  Calumet  avenue.  Take 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cars.  Composed  of  young  men  of  Hebrew  lineage. 
The  club  rooms  were  secured  for  five  years,  and  $5,000  has  been  expended  in 
remodeling  the  building.  There  are  two  large  parlors,  a  library,  dining- 
rooms,  billiard  haU,  smoking  room  and  all  the  requisites  of  a  first-class  social 
club.  Card  playing  and  auy  form  of  gambling  are  positively  prohibited. 
Officers — Milton  A.  Strauss,  president;  A.  J.  Briersdorf,  vice  president;  D. 
L.  Frank,  secretary;  E.  Lowenstein,  assistant  secretary,  and  L.  A.  Nathan, 
treasurer. 

Practitioner's  Club. — An  association  of  physicians.  Meets  at  the  Palmer 
house.  A  chairman  is  elected  at  every  meeting  and  questions  of  interest  to 
practitioners  are  discussed.  Officers:  President,  William  A.  Amberg;  first 
vice-president,  Z.  P.  Brosseau;  second-vice  president,  Dr.  John  Guerin;  sec- 
retary, Joseph  B.  Cremin;  treasurer,  George  D.  McLaughlin. 

Press  Club  of  Chicago. — Organized  January  15, 1880.  Club  rooms  located 
at  131  Clark  st.  Charter  members — Melville  E.  Stone,  Franc  B.  Wilkie, 
Rodney  Welch,  W.  K.  Sullivan,  T.  C.  MacMillan,  Joseph  R.  Dunlop,  Henry 
F.  Donovan,  W.  B.  Sullivan,  F.  O.  Bennett,  Theodore Gestef eld,  William  T. 
Hall,  John  J.  Flinn,  J.  F.  Ballantyne,  Elwyn  A.  Barren,  W.  T.  Collins, 
James  Maitland,  Platt  Lewis,  Thomas  E.  Burnside,  C.  A.  Snowden,  Law- 
rence Hardy,  W.  P.  Hanscom,  Guy  Magee,  W.  H.  Hicks,  John  E.  Wilkie, 
Sam.  V.  Steele.  The  club  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  "  bringing  the 
members  of  the  newspaper  profession  together  in  closer  personal  relations,  to 
•levate  the  profession,  to-  further  good  fellowship,  and  to  extend  a  helping 
hand  to  all  members  of  the  organization  who  may  deserve  it."  The  entirelist 
of  presidents  is  as  given  below,  James  W.  Scott  being  the  only  man  ever 
re-elected  to  the  oflice:  1880,  Franc  B.  Wilkie,  of  The  Times;  1881,  W.  K. 
Sullivan,  Journal;  1882,  Samuel  J.  Medill,  Tribune;  I8b3,  W.  E,  Curtis, 
Inter-Ocean;  1884,  James  W.  Bradwell,  Legal  News;  Ib85,  Joseph  R.  Dunlop, 
Inter-Ocean/  1886,  John  F.  Ballantyne,  Morning  News;  1887,  James  W.  Scott, 
Herald;  1888,  James  W.  Scott,  Herald;  1889,  James  W.  Scott,  Herald;  1890, 
Stanley  Waterloo,  Tlte  Times;  1891,  William  A.  Taylor,  Herald;  1892,  John 
E.  Wilkie,  Tribune.  The  officers  for  the  present  year  are:  President  John 
E.  Wilkie;  first  vice-president,  Montgomery  B.  Gibbs;  second  vice-president, 
A.  T.  Packard;  third  vice-president,  H.  E.  O.  Htiutmanu;  recording  secre- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  243 

tary,  Charles  E.  Banks;  financial  secretary,  Ed.  R.  Pritchard;  treasurer, 
George  Schneider;  librarian,  Fred  H.  Hild;  directors,  Charles  Matthias, 
William  Iglehart,  F.  J.  Schulte,  Wolf  von  Schierbrand,  E.  W.  Pickard.  The 
club  rooms  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  and  are  convenient  to  the  members 
actively  engaged^  in  newspaper  work.  Journalists  visiting  the  city  are 
granted  the  piivilege  of  the  club  on  being  properly  introduced  by  a  member 
in  good  standing.  The  Press  Club  is  at  present  contemplating  the  erection  of 
a  building  in  which  it  may  be  enabled  to  more  suitably  entertain  visitors 
during  the  coming  two  years.  The  membership  is  now  about  250.  Admis- 
sion fee,  $15;  annual  dues  $20. 

Ryder  Club. — A  social  organization,  composed  of  members  of  St.  Paul's 
Unitarian  Church.  Oflicers:  President,  Frank  N.  Gage;  vice-president, 
Frank  Twing;  secretary,  W.  E.  Lamb;  treasurer,  Miss  Annie  Colby ;  Liter- 
ary director,  Frederick  Hill;  dramatic  director,  Byron  Boyden;  Social 
director,  Miss  Mae  Hutchinson. 

Seven  O'Clock  Club. — Conducted  after  the  manner  of  the  Sunset  andother 
clubs  for  the  discussion  of  questions  of  current  interest  and  importance. 
Meets  at  the  Masonic  Hall,  Sixty-third  and  Yale  streets,  and  has  an  annual 
banquet.  Among  the  prominent  members  are  A.  H.  Champlin,  Homer 
Bevans,  O.  T.  Bright,  E.  W.  Adkinson,  C.  S.  Deneen,  Edward  Maher,  John 
Whitely,  W.W.  Smith,  R.  C.  Croft,  E.  E.  Loomis,  A.  J.  Cleave,  G.  H.  Owen, 
C.  W.  Taylor,  W.  S.  Demorest,  H.  A.  Morgan,  F.  L.  Mort,  C.G.  Thompson, 
L.  E.  Noble,  F.  E.  Daughly,  H.  C.  Stebbings,  G.  H.  Findle  and  C.  Alderson. 

Sheridan  Club. — Organized  1889  by  a  few  young  gentlemen  of  the  south 
side.  When  the  membership  had  reached  thirty-five,  the  club  took  quarters 
at  3532  Lake  avenue.  On  May  1,  1890,  the  club  moved  into  a  larger  and  bet- 
ter building  at  35  Michigan  avenue,  its  membership  being  ninety.  Later  on 
$5,000  was  raised  for  the  construction  of  a  new  club  house  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  Michigan  avenue  and  41st  street.  This  building  is  two  stories 
and  a  basement  of  brick  and  brown  stone  with  copper  cornice,  and  fronts  on 
41st  street.  The  outside  dimensions  are  50x130.  In  the  basement  are  the 
bowling  alley,  kitchen,  furnace  room,  coal  room,  etc,  The  fiist  floor  Is 
divided  in  a  hall,  17x20  feet,  with  a  grand  staircase,  from  the  landing  of 
which  extends  a  circular  balcony  for  musicians;  foyer,  24x23  feet,  and  cor- 
ridor, 25x9|  feet,  all  closely  connected  by  wide  archways.  Facing  on  Michi- 
gan avenue  are  the  parlor,  16x20  feet,  and  smoking-room,  21x17  feet,  joined 
by  an  ingle-nook,  14%xlO  feet.  At  the  right  of  the  entrance  is  the  c  ffice, 
and  next  comes  the  cafe,  35x25  feet,  with  a  large  service  pantry  separating  it 
from  the  billiard-room,  42x48.  On  the  south  side  of  the  corridor  are  the 
lavatory  and  wardrobe. 

On  the  second  floor  are  the  directors'  room,  card-rooms,  ladies'  boudoir 
(above  which  are  the  servants'  quarters)  and  an  auditorium,  90x48  feet,  a 
story  and  a  half  high,  to  be  used  for  dramatic  performances  and  dancing. 
A  movable  stage,  16^x40  feet,  is  adjustable  at  the  west  end  of  the  hall, 
while  at  the  east  end  there  is  a  balcony  capable  of  seating  100.  A  striking 
architectural  effect  is  a  row  of  columns  along  the  north  and  south  sides  of 
the  auditorium.  This  room  is  decorated  in  white  and  gold.  The  wood-work 
of  the  house  is  in  oak  and  cherry. 

The  Sheridan  Club  banquet,  given  at  the  Auditorium  January  15  1891, 
iirousrht  the  club  conspicuously  before  the  public,  since  which  time  its  nr?m- 
b.rship  has  increased  rapidly.  Its  "boom"  may  be  said  to  date  from 


244  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

that  event.  The  club  numbers  among  its  members  some  of  the  wealthiest 
men  of  the  city,  as  well  as  some  of  the  brightest  young  men  in  town.  An 
evening  at  the  Sheridan  leaves  the  impression  that  a  jollier  or  more  hospit- 
able band  of  brothers  would  be  hard  to  find. 

The  officers  of  the  club  are:  President,  John  Julius  Kinsella;  vice- 
president,  Thomas  D.  Walsh;  secretary,  William  A.  Lydon;  treasurer,  Will- 
iam F.  Carroll;  directors,  Thomas  E.  Nelson  and  P.  H.  Keenan.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  auxiliary  association  are:  President,  Michael  Cudahy;  vice- 
president,  A.  Cummings;  secretary,  John  R.  Geary;  treasurer,  T.  F.  Keeley; 
directors,  John  P.  Hopkins,  T.  E.  Nelson,  D.  Corkery,  E.  Hudson,  J. 
O'Malley. 

Single  Tax  Club,  The  Chicago. — Meets  every  Thursday  eve.  at  206  LaSallest. 
President,  W.  W.  Bailey;  secretary,  Frank  W.  Irwin.  Incorporated  under 
the  laws  of  Illinois.  Object,  1st.  To  advocate  Ihe  abolition  of  all  taxes  upon 
industry  and  the  products  of  industry,  and  upon  exchange  through  tariff 
taxation,  and  the  taking  by  taxation  upon  land  values,  irrespective  of 
improvements,  of  the  annua,  rental  value  of  all  those  various  forms  of 
natural  opportunities  embracet  under  the  general  teim,  land.  2d.  To  advo- 
cate the  abolition  of  all  special  privilege  legislation.  3d.  To  advocate  the 
adoption  of  the  Australian  system  of  voting.  Any  person  in  sympathy  with 
the  principals  and  objects  of  the  club  may  become  a  member.  Four  months 
dues  must  be  paid  in  advance.  Regular  dues  twenty-five  cents  per  month. 

South  Side  Medical  Club. — This  club  was  organized  in  1889  upon  the  plan 
of  the  Sunset  club,  and  has  among  its  members  many  of  the  leading  physi- 
cians of  the  South  Side  of  Chicago.  Meetings  are  held  once  a  month  to  dis- 
cuss leading  medical  topics. 

Southern  Society  of  Chicago. — Organized  in  1891.  Location  of  club 
rooms,  425  Home  Insurance  Building.  An  association  of  Southern  born  and 
Southern  bred  gentlemen  for  the  purpose  of  social  intercourse  and  mutual 
benefit.  The  club  or  society  is  organized  on  a  basis  similar  to  that  of  the 
Southern  Society  of  New  York,  and  has  for  its  object,  ultimately,  the  erec- 
tion of  a  down-town  club  house.  Officers:  Gen.  Jno.  C.  Underwood,  presi- 
dent; W.  A.  Alexander,  first  vice-president;  J.  E.  Neiswanger,  second  vice- 
president;  J.  D.  Alsup,  secretary;  A.  O.  Slaughter,  treasurer.  Directors:  T. 
Hamilton  Mclntosh,  D.  A.  Payne,  M.  D.,  George  S.  Norfolk,  T.  V.  Wooten, 
H.  O.  Nourse,  John  T.  Dickinson,  Willoughby  Walling,  M.  D.,  J.  C.  Roath, 
George  O.  Clinch,  John  J.  Flinn,  Thomas  G.  Windes,  Percival  C.  Sneed.  The 
membership  of  this  society  includes  many  of  the  foremost  professional  and 
business  men  of  Chicago,  natives  and  former  residents  of  the  so-called  South- 
ern States.  Politics  are  notallowed  to  enter  into  the  question  of  admission  of 
members  nor  into  discussions  in  the  club  rooms  Among  the  members  are 
many  ex-Confederate  and  Union  soldiers.  One  of  the  principal  objects  of 
this  club  is  to  provide  a  place  where  people  of  southern  affiliation  may  be 
brought  together,  and  where  southern  visitors  to  Chicago  may  be  hospitably 
and  courteously  received.  The  club  gives  frequent  receptions  which  are 
attended  by  ladies. 

Standard  Club. — Located  at  Michigan  ave.  and  Twenty-fourth  st.  Take 
Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Organized  in  1869.  The  leading  Jewish  club  of  the 
city.  Occupies  one  of  the  mo >t elegant  and  complete  club  houses  in  Chicago. 
In  the  basement  are  the  bowling  alleys,  gymnasium,  etc.;  on  the  first  floor  are 
the  parlors,  library,  cafe,  billiard  room,  etc.;  on  the  second  floor  are  ladies' 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  245 

parlors  and  retiring  rooms,  and  three  dining  rooms;  on  the  third  floor  is  the 
assembly  and  ball  room,  with  theatrical  appointments.  The  club  is  magnifi- 
cently furnished.  Membership  limited  to  four  hundred  and  nine.  Admis- 
sion fee,  $500;  annual  dues,  $80.  Officers:  President,  Joseph  Spiegel;  vice- 
president,  Jacob  Schnadig;  treasurer,  Oscar  G.  Foreman;  financial  secretary, 
August  Gatzert;  recording  secretary,  N.  Greensfelder.  Directors:  M  Selz,  A. 
Loeb,  H.  Nathan,  H.Elson,  H.  B.  Gimbel,  A.  M.  Snydacker,  M.  Hirsh,  N. 
Florsheim, 0.  R.  Wineman,  N.  J.  Schmaltz. 

Stenographer's  Club. — Officers:— President,  Dan  Brown;  vice-president, 
Nellie  F.  Sargent;  treasurer,  E.  C.  Quimby;  secretary,  Miss  Mary  Arnold;, 
directors,  W.  K.  Bush,  Harry  Piper,  Lillian  Bonner,  Mary  Perry,  Ruth  A. 
Briggs. 

Sunset  Club. — Founded  in  1891  on  the  principles  of  the  Twilight  Club  of 
New  York  and  the  Seven  O'clock  Club  of  Washington.  It  takes  its  motto 
from  Herbert  Spencer's  line:  '•  We  have  had  somewhat  too  much  of  'The  Gos- 
pel of  Work,'  it  is  time  to  preach  '  The  Gospel  of  Relaxation.' "  Meets  every 
Thursday  at  one  of  the  leading  hotels  at  a  quarter  past  six,  at  which  time  a 
dinner  is  served  and  short  talks  are  heard  from  members  or  invited  guests  on 
questions  of  current  interest  or  importance,  the  object  of  the  club  being  to 
foster  rational  good  fellowship  and  tolerant  discussion  among  business  and 
professional  men  of  all  classes.  The  only  expenses  incident  to  membership 
in  the  Sunset  Club  are  an  annual  assessment  of  two  dollars  for  stationery, 
printing,  etc.,  and  one  dollar  for  each  dinner  partaken  of.  Any  genial  and 
tolerant  fellow  may  become  a  member  on  approval  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee. The  following  is  the  Club's  declaration  of  principles:  No  club  house, 
no  constitution,  no  debts,  no  contributions;  no  accounts,  no  defalcation.no 
by-laws,  no  stipulations,  no  profanity,  no  fines,  no  stealing,  no  "combines," 
no  president,  no  bores,  no  steward,  no  "  encores,"  no  long  speeches,  no  dress 
coats,  no  late  hours,  no  perfumed  notes,  no  parliamentary  rules,  no  personali- 
ties, no  dudes,  no  mere  formalities,  no  preaching,  no  dictation,  no  dues,  no 
litigation,  no  gamblers,  no  dead  beats,  no  embezzlers  from  foreign  retreats, 
no  meanness,  no  vituperation,  simply  tolerant  discussion  and  rational  recrea- 
tion. The  Executive  Committee  is  composed  of  the  following  gentlemen: 
Henry  Bausher,  Jr.,  Dr.  A.  P.  Gilmore,  S.  S.  Gregory,  C.  L.  Hutchinson, 
Rollin  A  Keyes,  Victor  F.  Lawson,  George  D.  Rumsey.  Murry  Nelson, 
Georce  F.  Stone,  Henry  B.  Stone,  Edward  S.  Washburn,  W.  W.  Catlin,  A. 
A.  McCormick,  Joseph  W.  Errant,  secretary. 

Union  Club. —  Located  onWashington  pi.  and  Dearborn  ave.,  North  Side. 
Take  North  Clark  st.  cable  line  or  North  State  st.  car.  Organized  in  1878. 
Formerly  occupied  the  Ogden  residence,  recently  torn  away  to  make  room 
for  the  great  Newberry  library.  The  present  structure  Is  a  handsome  one  and 
is  beautifully  arranged  and  furnished.  On  the  first  floor  is  a  magnificent  hall, 
finished  in  carved  oak  ;  to  the  left  are  the  parlors,  extending  the  length  of 
the  Dearborn  ave.  side,  and  to  the  rear  is  the  cafe  ;  the  billiard  room,  reading 
room,  coat  room  and  lavatory  are  also  on  this  floor;  on  the  second  floor  is  the 
dining  room,  card  rooms,  director's  room,  etc.;  the  kitchen  and  servants' 
»partments  are  in  the  basement.  It  is  a  strictly  social  club  and  very  exclusive. 
The  active  membership  is  limited  to  600,  but  only  388  are  on  the  roll.  Admis- 
sion fee,  $100  ;  annual  dues.  $60.  Officers:  President,  Franklin  H.  Watriss; 
vice-president.  George  S.  Willits;  secretary,  John  B.  Kitchen ;  treasurer, 
William  D.  Beall. 


246  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Union  League  Club. — Located  on  Jackson  st.  and  Fourth  ave.,  fronting 
the  south  end  of  Custom-house  and  Post-office.  The  great  general  commer- 
cial and  professional  club  of  the  city.  Incorporated  1879,  with  the  declared 
object  of  encouraging  and  promoting,  by  moral,  social  and  political  influence, 
unconditional  loyalty  to  the  Federal  Government,  and  of  defending  and 
"  protecting  the  integrity  and  prosperity  of  the  nation;  of  inculcating  a  higher 
appreciation  of  the  value  and  sacred  obligations  of  citizenship;  of  maintaining 
the  civil  and  political  equality  of  all  citizens  in  every  section  of  our  common 
country,  and  of  aiding  in  the  enforcement  of  all  laws  enacted  to  preserve  the 
purity  of  the  ballot-box,  resisting  and  exposing  corruption,  promoting  econ- 
omy in  office  and  securing  honesty  and  efficiency  in  the  administration  of 
National,  State  and  Municipal  affairs.  The  political  complexion  of  the  Club 
is  strongly  Republican,  but  it  is  conducted  on  strictly  non-partisan  principles. 
The  active  membership  has  recently  been  increased  from  1,000  to  1,200,  and 
there  is  a  demand  for  a  still  further  increase.  With  this  great  membership, 
the  admission  fee  being  $200  and  the  annual  dues  $80,  taken  in  connection 
with  the  large  receipts  of  the  dining  and  wine-rooms,  etc.,  the  revenue  of  the 
Club  is  very  heavy,  and  it  has  been  possible  lo  make  aaditions  to  the  building 
and  to  beautify  the  interior  in  a  manner  which  makes  it  the  most  sumptuous 
club  house  in  the  city.  It  has  a  splendid  library.  The  house  is  centrally  loca- 
ted audis  the  popular  luncheon  quarters  tor  business  and  professional  members. 
It  has  a  ladies' department",  e'legantly  fitted  up.  The  east  entrance  is  used 
exclusively  lor  ladies  with  escorts.  It  is  not  possible  for  strangers  to  vis>it  the 
appartments  of  the  Club,  f-ave  when  accompanied  by  a  member,  nor  are 
meals  served  to  non-members  who  are  residents  of  the  city,  when  accompanied 
by  a  member,  save  by  special  permission.  Members,  however,  may  take 
strangers  in  the  city  to  the  cafe  at  any  time.  The  Union  League  entertains  in 
a  princely  fashion,  and  durinu  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  it  will  con- 
tribute greatly  toward  the  comfort  and  enjoyment  of  distinguished  visitors. 
Officers  for  1892:  President,  George  E.  Adams;  first  vice-president,  Ferd  W. 
Peck;  second  vice-president,  Porter  P.  Heywood;  treasurer,  WiUinm  D.  Pns- 
ton;  secretary,  Hei>ry  A.  Knott;  directors,  one  year,  John  C.  Neely,  J.  W. 
Brooks,  Jr.,  James  W.  Ellsworth;  two  years,  Charles  T.  Trego,  J.  C.  Welling, 
George  H.  Holt;  three  years,  William  A.  Bond,  H.  G.  Selfridge,  Alexander 
H.  Revell. 

Committee  on  political  action,  J.  S.  Runnells,  chairman;  C.  C.  Kohlsaat, 
Julius  A.  Grinnell,  John  Roche,  J.  Harley  Bradley,  John  P.  Wilson  and 
William  Penn  Nixon. 

University  Club. — Located  in  the  University  building,  Dearborn  street 
and  Calhoun  place.  Composed  of  graduates  of  the  various  colleges  and  uni- 
versities. The  building  is  built  of  brown  stone  to  the  third  story.  All  above 
the  third  floor  is  occupied  by  the  University  Club.  The  apartments  are  hand- 
somely furnished.  There  are  reception  rooms,  parlors,  billiard  rooms,  card 
rooms,  etc. ,  and  all  the  comforts  of  a  modern  club  house.  The  University 
Club  has  a  large  membership  and  is  prosperous. 

Union  Veteran  Club. — An  association  of  Veterans  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion.  The  Club  is  in  a  healthy  condition  as  to  membership  and  finances. 
Officers — President,  E.  R.  Lewis,  of  Evanston;  vjce-presidents,  J.  B.  Clark 
and  John  M.  St.  John;  secretary,  J.  A.  Straub;  treasurer,  John  Leffler;  mar- 
shal, Patrick  Sullivan;  board  of  directors,  George  Cannon,  James  A.  Scott, 
George  Howison  and  Thomas  Brown. 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  247 

Wah  Jfah  Ton  Club. — The  Tammany  democratic  club  of  Chicago.  Offi- 
cers— President,  Walter  S.  Bogle;  vice-piesideut  of  the  South  Side,  Valentine 
Sehmidl schmidt;  West  Side,  John  O'Brien;  North  Side,  W.  H.  Lyman;  sec- 
retary, B.  F.  Jenkins;  financial  secretary,  James  Donohue;  treasurer,  George 
P.  Bunker;  sergeant-at  arms,  James  Russell;  assistant  sergeants-at  aims,  John 
Reid  and  Paul  Dasso;  trustees,  North-Side — John  S.  Co<  per,  John  F.  O  Mai- 
ley;  South  Side — John  C.  Schubert,  Owen  Murray,  William  J.  O'Brien,  An- 
thony Dwertman;  West  Side — Walter  S.  Bogle,  Frank  J.  Dvorak,  John  A. 
King,  John  O'Brien  and  E.  J.  O'Hayer. 

Washington  Park  Club. — Situated  at  South  Park  ave.  and  Sixty-first 
st.  Take  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  Jine.  Organized  1883.  Occupies  an 
unpretentious  though  commodious  club  house,  within  easy  accessof  the  Wash- 
ington club  racing  park,  south  of  Washington  park.  It  is  a  combination  of 
the  higher  class  of  sporting,  country  and  city  clubs,  members  of  nearly  all 
the  other  leading  clubs  being  connected  with  it.  The  club  house  is  more  in  the 
nature  of  a  rendezvous  than  a  resort.  The  racing  meetings  of  flie  Washington 
Park  Club  are  of  national  celebrity.  The  club  house  is  handsomely  fitted  up 
for  the  comfort  of  the  members  and  the  ladies  of  members'  families.  Follow- 
ing are  the  officers  for  1892:  President,  George  Henry  Wheeler;  vice-presi- 
dents, Samuel  W.  Allerton,  Albert  S.  Gage,  Charles  Schwartz,  H.  J.  Mac- 
farland;  treasurer.  John  R.  Walsh;  secretary,  John  E.  Brewster;  assistant 
secretary,  James  Howard;  executive  committee,  the  president,  the  vice-presi- 
dents, the  treasurer,  ex-officio,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  John  Dupee,  Jr.,  Arthur 
J.  Caton,  Henry  J.  Macfarland,  Thos.  Murdoch,  J.  Henry  Norton,  John  B. 
Carson;  property  committee,  John  Dupee,  Jr.,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  John  B. 
Carson;  house  committee,  Charles  Schwartz,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  J.  Henry 
Norton;  racing  stewards,  Albert  S.  Gage,  Samuel  H.  Sweet,  Frank  S.  Gor- 
ton, John  Dupee,  Jr.,  John  E.  Brewster;  board  of  directors  for  1892, 
Nathaniel  K.  Fairbank,  Norman  B.  Ream,  Samuel  W.  Allerton,  James  W. 
Oakley,  Columbus  R.  Cummings,  Charles  J.  Barnes,  John  R.  Walsh,  J. 
Henry  Norton,  Albert  S.  Gage,  Samuel  H.  Sweet,  Henry  J.  Macfarland, 
George  H.  Wheeler,  Thomas  Murdoch,  Charles  J.  Singer.  James  B.  Goodman, 
John  Dupee,  Jr.,  Frank  8.  Gorton,  George  Smith,  John  B.  Carson,  Thomas 
Cratty,  Arthur  J.  Caton,  Charles  Schwartz,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  John  E. 
Brewster.  The  admission  fee  is  $150,  from  the  payment  of  which  subscribers 
for  one  thousand  dollars  or  more  of  the  capital  stock  and  officers  of  the  U.  S. 
Army  and  Navy  are  exempt;  annual  dues,  $40. 

Webster  Club. — Composed  of  young  men  and  organized  for  social  pur- 
poses. Following  are  the  members.  Fred  Abele,  M.  J.  Walsh,  Franklin 
Giese,  M.  J.  O'Donnell,  G.  T.  Thirsk,  H.  C.  Grundman,  W.  S.  Lahey,  J.  T. 
Stewart,  W.  A.  Diez,  J.  E.  McGrane,  E.  F.  Breyer,  H.  E.  Otte,  L.  A. 
Lemke,  W.  W.  Lill,  F.  Becker,  H.  Stolt,  P.  H.  Berkes,  T.  Lindberg  and 
W.  C.  Carberry. 

Whitechapel  Club. — Located  in  the  rear  of  173  Calhoun  PI.  Organized  in 
October,  188y.  The  object  of  the  club  is  givtu  on  the  charter  as  "Social 
Reform."  The  purposes  of  the  club  are  purely  social,  the  intention  in  form- 
ing it  being  to  band  together  professional  and  literary  men  of  congenial  habit. 
Business  meetings  are  held  once  a  week.  It  is  customary  to  permit  residents 
of  Chicago  to  visit  the  dub  rocms  and  inspect  the  extremely  unique  decora- 
tions on  Saturday.  The  visitor  must  be  vouched  for  by  a  member  of  the  club. 


248  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

It  is  customary,  once  a  month,  to  hold  a  social  meeting  called  a  "Symposium," 
to  which  guests  are  invited  by  the  club  and  by  individual  members.  The 
initiation  fee  is  $50,  and  one  objection  from  any  member  bars  an  applicant 
from  admission.  President,  Charles  Goodman  Perkins;  secretary,  Hugh 
Blake  Williams  ,M.  D.;  treasurer,  Henry  Frayser  Frarnsworth;  board  of 
directors  for  1891,  Charlts  Goodyear  Seymour,  Wallace  de  Groat  Reid, 
Finley  Peter  Dunne,  Hoiace  Taylor,  Henry  Ai.tbony  Kosters,  Edwin  Michel 
Bernard,  Frederic  Uphsm  Adams  and  Brand  Whitlock. 

Women's  Suffrage  Club. — Meets  in  the  club-room  of  the  Sherman  House 
on  the  evening  of  the  third  Tuesday  of  each  month.  Organized  for  the  pur- 
pose of  advocating  and  agitating  equal  political  rights.  Officers — President, 
Mrs.  J.  A.  McKinney;  vice  president,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Haskett;  secretary,  Mrs. 
F.  Beckwith;  treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Sawyer. 

Woman's  Chib  of  Emmton . — Oiganized  in  1889.  One  of  the  largest  of 
the  many  Women's  clubs  which  form  the  federation  of  the  United  Slates. 
The  membership  was  limited  to  125  until  the  fall  of  1891,  but  now  the  mem- 
bership ia  unlimited.  The  club  is  divided  into  committees,  each  having 
charge  of  Rome  special  branch  of  work;  each  committee  holding  meetings  as 
often  as  desired.  The  club  as  a  whole  holds  fortnightly  meetings  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert,  president  of  the  club.  Especial 
interest  is  being  manifested  in  the  World's  Fair  committee  work.  Other 
committees  are  on  philanthropy,  reform,  philosophy  and  economy. 

Woodlawn  Park  Club. — Located  at  Woodlawn  Park,  has  a  membership  of 
over  one  hundred.  Officers:  N.  C.  Wheeler,  president;  A.  S.  Delaware,  vice- 
president;  F.  G.  Atwood,  secretary;  S.  A.  Magill,  treasurer,  and  J.  W.  Hill, 
D.  Graham,  W.  A.  Fowler,  A.  J.  Mills,  S.  V.  Cornish  and  G.  W.  Riggs  com- 
pose the  board  of  directors.  A  handsome  new  home  was  erected  for  thisclub 
in  1892.  It  is  a  three-story  brick,  Queen  Ann  style  of  architecture,  and  is 
equipped  with  all  modern  conveniences.  In  the  basement  is  a  bowling  alley. 
The  club  has  a  large  dancing  hall  and  stage  for  private  theatricals.  The  hall 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  500. 

CLUBS— LITERARY. 

Intellectual  life  in  Chicago  is  creeping  within  bindings,  and  intellectual 
society  in  clubs  is  becoming  as  potent  a  factor  as  is  fashionable  society  in 
ballrooms,  parlors,  and  reception  halls,  which  may  not  seem  much  in  the 
saying,  but  is  infinitely  more  than  it  seems,  since  culture  is  a  slow  growth 
and  requires  not  only  cessation  from  business  cares,  but  careful  thought  and 
retirement.  Moreover,  the  culture  clubs  of  Chicago  are  not  ephemeral  crea- 
tions. They  have  struck  their  tools  firmly  into  the  roots  and  found  it  fertile. 
They  have  not  been  given  over  to  faddists,  but  to  men  who  carried  the  same 
sound  business  perceptions  into  literary  recreation  that  had  made  them  rich 
and  well-known  in  the  financial  world.  No  doubt  many  builded  better  than 
they  knew,  but  they  had  chosen  a  rock  foundation,  and  when  the  winds 
blew  and  the  rains  descended,  the  structure  did  not  vanish,  as  have  too  many 
of  the  sand-bedded  edifices  of  a  civilization  grown  effete  and  given  over  to 
whimsies.  So  it  has  come  to  pass  in  these  latter  days  that  Chicago  has 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  249 

builded  for  herself  many  a  quiet  temple  of  literary  fame  wherein  high 
thoughts  and  noble  inspirations  feed  the  eternal  flame  upon  the  inmost  altar. 
It  is  the  "living  up,  not  down  ;  out,  not  in,"  and  the  city  is  better  because 
these  men  and  women  have  striven  to  acquaint  themselves  with  the  literature 
of  both  past  and  present,  and  instead  of  feasting  on  material  things  taste  of 
the  dainties  that  are  bred  in  books.  And  posteiity,  that  much-talked  of 
child,  will  be  a  nobler  creature  because  of  an  ennobled  and  mentally  broad- 
ened ancestry. 

Beseda  (Bohemian  Reading  dub). — Meets  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  at  74 
W.  Taylor  st.  President,  J.  Kasper;  secretary,  E.  A.  Haase;  treasurer,  A. 
Matuska;  librarian,  F.  B.  Zdrubek. 

Browning  Clubs'—  There  are  several  Browning  clubs  in  Chicago  and 
vicinity,  with  no  stated  place  of  holding  meetings.  Nearly  all  are  allied 
closely  to  the  Women's  Club  and  other  literary  societies. 

Chicago  Library  Club.  —  The  library  club  is  precisely  the  kind  of  an 
organization  that  might  be  expected  from  its  caption.  It  is  comprised  of 
m»ny  men  of  many  books,  and  is  a  comparatively  recent  association.  The 
mere  fact  that  such  a  club  can  exist  and  prosper  is  a  significant  one,  and  with 
a  great  truth  underlying  it.  Unless  a  city  were  well  equipped  with  library 
centers  in  its  different  districts  a  library  club  would  be  impossible.  But 
Chicago  is  a  city  of  splendid  libraries,  from  the  great  free  center  with  its 
171,000  books,  and  the  New  berry  reference  library  with  80,000  books,  all 
along  the  gamut  of  the  Hammond  theological,  the  Chicago  university,  the 
Academy  of  Sciences,  the  Chicago  Historical  society,  and  the  Northwestern 
university  libraries.  Besides  these  are  the  libraries  connected  with  the 
Baptist  union,  the  Presbyterian  seminary,  and  St.  Ignatius  college,  and  the 
Law  institute,  together  with  a  host  of  public  school  and  smaller  libraries. 
From  all  these  sources  have  been  drawn  the  membership  of  the  Library  club, 
with  no  less  a  peisonage  for  its  president  than  Dr.  William  Poole,  of  the 
Newberry  library.  Fred  Hild,  of  the  public  library,  first  vice-president;  C. 

C.  Pickett,  of  the  Law  institute,  second  vice  president;  Dr.   G.   E.  Wise, 
secretary;  Miss  Lydia  Dexter,  treasurer.     There  will  be  no  club  rooms,  as  the 
club  purposes  meeting  around  in  the  various  libraries,  a  sort  of  itinerant 
fellowship  all  through,  becoming  familiar  with  each  other  and  with  the 
different  libraries  at  one  and  the  same  time. 

Chicago  Literary  Club. — One  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  of  the 
culture  organizations  of  Chicago.  Organized  March,  1874.  Meets  every 
Monday  evening;  holds  receptions  every  fifth  Monday;  meets  in  the  Art  Insti- 
tute building.  The  list  of  presidents  since  its  inception  are  as  follows  :  Robert 
Collyer,  1874-75;  Chas.  B.  Lawrence,  1875-76;  Hos'mer  A.  Johnson,  1876-77; 
Daniel  L.  Shorey,  1877-78;  Edward  G.  Mason,  1878-79;  William  F.  Poole, 
1879-80;  Brooke  Herford,  1880-81;  Edwin  C.  Lamed,  1881-82;  George  How- 
land,  1882-83;  Henry  A.  Huntington,  1883-84;  Chas.  Oilman  Smith,  1884-85; 
James  S.  Norton,  1885-86;  Alexander  C.  McClurg,  1886-87;  Geo.  C.  Noyes, 
1887-88;  James  L.  High,  1888-89;  James  Nevins  Hyde,  1889-90;  Franklin  H. 
Head,  1890-91;  Clinton  Locke,  1891-92.  The  officers  for  1891-92  are:  President, 
Clinton  Locke;  vice-presidents,  Lewis  H.  Boutell,  Clarence  A.  Burley,  Arthur 

D.  Wheeler;  corresponding  secretary,  Edward  I.  Galvin;  recording  secretary 


250  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

and  treasurer,  Frederick  W.  Gookin.  Committees:  Officers  and  members: 
Lewis  H.  Boutell,  Henry  V.  Freeman,  Ephraim  A.  Otis,  William  Eliot  Fur- 
ness,  James  A.  Hunt;  arrangements  and  exercises,  Clarence  A.  Burley,  Frank 
Gilbert,  William  W.  Case,  Allen  B.  Pond,  Theodore  P.  Prudden;  on  rooms 
and  finance,  Arthur  D.  \Vheeler,  Henry  B.  Stone,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  Moses  L. 
Scudder,  Jr.,  Edwin  Burritt  Smith. 

Club  Litteraire  Francais. — Club  rooms  45  E.  Randolph  st.  Organized  1872. 
The  membership  is  composed  of  about  half  French  people  and  half  Ameri- 
cans, and  between  the  program  numbers  are  intermissions  for  conversation, 
which,  according  to  club  regulations,  shall  be  in  French  only.  The  French  Lit- 
erary Club  of  Chicago  came,  like  a  new  newspaper,  to  fill  "along-felt  want." 
Here,  where  opportunites  of  hearing  the  French  language  spoken  in  all  its 
purity  are  particularly  small,  it  was  an  unspeakable  boom  to  bring  educated 
Parisians  together  with  those  who  were  endeavoring  to  become  familiar  with 
the  Gallic  tongue.  To  bring  them  together  so  as  to  give  mutual  pleasure  to 
both  classes  was  even  more  desirable.  Both  have  been  done.  The  Club 
Litteraire  Francais  is  a  verity.  It  has  a  local  habitation  and  a  name,  and  it 
meets  every  Saturday  evening  for  a  social  reception,  a  short  musical  pro- 
gram, or  a  French  play,  sometimes  a  blending  of  all  three,  varied  by  mon- 
ologues and  essays,  though  the  latter  are  considered  a  trifle  monotonous  and 
not  volatile  enough  for  "  Lalange  Francaise."  The  dramatic- performances 
are  the  club's  pride.  They,  like  all  else  on  the  program,  are  entirely  French, 
but  they  are  admirably  conducted  by  A.  Gouere,  who  was  formerly  an  actor 
in  the  famous  Comedie  Francaise  in  Paris.  Added  to  this  is  the  fact  that 
many  of  the  best  musicians  in  town  are  members  of  the  club,  and  are  not 
chary  of  their  contributions.  The  Conseil  d'Administration  for  1891-92  is  as 
follows:  President,  Robert  D.  Ward  well;  vice-president,  Leon  de  Sadowski; 
second  vice-president,  Mme.  C.  A.  Sykes;  secretary,  M.  Leon  Grehier;  treas- 
urer, Arthur  Woodcock;  dramatic  director,  M.  A.  Gouere;  reception  com- 
mittee, Mile.  Li'y  Roemheld,  Mile.  Katherine  Knowles,  W.  M.  Payne,  A  O. 
Proast,  H.  J.  Mellen,  Ed  E.  Bideleux,  O.  L.  Jandsha. 

Illinois  Woman's  Press  Association.— From  a  score  of  workers  who  met  at 
the  home  of  that  most  zealous  of  clever  literary  women — Dr.  Julian  Holmes 
Smith — in  1885,  has  sprung  the  Illinois  Woman's  Press  Association.  It  was 
suggested  by  the  organization  of  the  Woman's  National  Press  Association  at  the 
New  Orleans  Exposition  and  is  conducted  on  much  the  same  lines,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  National  Editorial  Association,  the  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs, 
the  International  League  of  Press  Clubs,  and  is  auxiliary  to  the  Illinois 
Woman's  Alliance.  Meets  nine  times  a  year.  In  order  to  facilitate  achieve- 
ment the  association  is  divided  into  committees  of  editors,  reporters,  authors, 
correspondents,  contributors,  and  publishers,  each  having  its  own  particular 
branch  of  work  to  attend  to. 

All  women  having  published  original  matter  in  book  form  or  who  have 
been,  or  are,  regularly  connected  with  any  reputable  journal  are  eligible  for 
membership.  The  social  side  of  the  club,  busy  women  that  they  are,  has  not 
been  overlooked.  The  annual  banquet  is  always  admirably  arranged,  well- 
conducted,  and  a  thoroughly  enjoyable  event.  Also,  noted  newspaper  women 
visiting  the  Garden  City  are  prone  to  find  themselves  the  honored  guests  of 
this  band  of  brainy  women. 

A  peculiarity  of  this  club  is  that  it  has  never  had,  or  wanted  to  have,  but 
the  one  president.  From  the  organization  in  1885,  through  the  re- organization 


TilE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  251 

of  1886,  up  to  the  present  time  Mrs.  Mary  Allen  West  of  the  Union  Signal  has 
stood  at  the  helm.  Sometimes  her  subordinate  officers  went  the  way  of  all 
officials,  but  the  revered  president  was,  is,  and  will  be — Mary  Allen  West. 
The  official  list  for  1892  is:  President,  Mary  Allen  West;  vice  presidents, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  A.  Reed,  Alice  B.  Stockham,  M.  D.,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Wilder 
Pratt;  recording  secretary,  Belle  L.  Gorton;  assistant  recording  secretary, 
Jessie  King;  corresponding  secretary,  Emily  A.  Kellogg;  assistant  corres- 
ponding s  cretary,  E.  Jeannette  Abbott;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Francis  E.  Owens; 
librarian,  Ella  S.  Bass. 

Longfellow  Club. — An  association  of  young  ladies  engaged  in  the  study  of 
the  poet  Longfellow.  Meets  at  the  homes  of  members.  On  the  order  of 
"Browning  Clubs." 

Palette  Club. — A  society  of  Artists;  gives  exhibitions  of  the  works  of  local 
artists  at  the  Art  Institute,  and  meets  for  social  purposes.  The  leading 
artists  of  the  city  are  among  its  members. 

Papyrus  Club. — Organized  Sept.  14,  1891.  The  club  with  the  suggestive 
Egyptian  name  is  entirely  given  over  to  the  literati,  and  is  modeled  after  the 
Papyrus  club  of  Boston,  one  of  whose  prominent  members,  Mr.  Hovey,  the 
local  club  has  recently  entertained.  The  only  people  eligible  for  membership 
in  the  Papyrus  are  writers,  publishers,  artists,  and  booksellers,  and  already 
the  club  has  established  a  handsomely  furnished  suite  of  rooms  in  the  Audi- 
torium building,  where  members  may  at  all  times  resort,  and  where,  no 
doubt,  social  amenities  will  be  developed  as  the  club  waxes  older  and  stronger. 
Already  it  numbers  among  its  members  such  well-known  writers  as  Nancy 
Huston  B-inks,  author  of  the  charming  Kentucky  romance  "  Stairs  of  Sand;" 
Thomas  S.  Denison,  the  playwright;  Maud  Menefee,  the  writer  of  children's 
stories,  and  Mrs.  Lou  Y.  Chapin.  What  the  club  may  grow  into  if  judiciously 
managed  is  difficult  of  prophecy,  that  will  depend  on  the  literati  themselves. 
They  have  already  given  an  "author's  reading"  evening,  which  is  quite  an 
in  novation  in  Chicago  clubs.  The  officers  are:  President,  Mo§gs  P.  Handy; 
first  vice-president,  George  P.  Englehard;  second  vice-president,  Charles  H. 
Sergei;  third  vice-president,  Mary  Allen  West;  corresponding  secretary,  Ed- 
ward Owings  Towne;  recording  secretary,  Maud  Menefee;  financial  secretary, 
T.  S.  Denison;  treasurer,  Robert  H.  Vickers;  librarian,  Austin  Granville; 
additional  directors,  Auguste  Eckle,  C.  H.  Kingman. 

Press  League,  The. — Organized  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  enter 
taining  newspaper  and  literary  people  during  the  progress  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition,  but  with  particular  regard  to  the  entertainment  of  women  writers. 
Has  no  connection  with  the  National  Press  League.  When  the  women  writers 
from  afar  come  to  the  Exposition  they  will  find  the  league's  rooms  on  the 
grounds,  a  very  Mecca  for  the  tired  and  perplexed  journalist,  and  after  the 
fair  has  come  and  gone  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  organization  will  continue 
to  establish  co-operation  among  regular  writers  for  the  press,  to  furnish 
information  as  may  be  desired  by  writers  from  fellow-workers  in  different 
parts  of  this  country  and  in  foreign  countries,  and  to  foster  an  esprit  du 
corps.  The  league  meets  once  a  month  in  the  Auditorium  club  rooms,  and 
those  gatherings  are  reported  to  be  the  wittiest  and  merriest;  albeit  intensely 
literary,  that  an  organization  which  contains  not  one  dull  person  may  pro- 
duce. A  peculiarity  of  the  Press  League  is  that  ils  officers  are  elected  for 
three  years,  so  that  the  following  will  still  be  in  office  during  the  Exposition: 
President,  Mary  H.  Krout,  the  Inter-Ocean;  vice-presidents,  Martha  Howe 


252  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Davidson,  Aclele  Chretien.  San  Francisco  Examiner;  Helen  Winslow,  Boston 
Beacon;  Lou  V.  Chapin,  Chicago  Graphic;  recording  secretary,  Virginia  Lull, 
the  Chicago  Evening  Journal;  corresponding  secretary,  Eve  H.  Brodlique, 
the  Chicago  Times;  corresponding  secretary  representative  board,  Isabella 
O'Keefe;  treasurer,  Antoinette  Van  Hoesen  Wakeman,  the  Chicago  Evening 
Post;  chairman  auditing  board,  Mary  E.  Bundy,  the  Religio- Philosophical 
Journal;  assistant  secretary,  Norah  Gridley;  representatives  at  large,  A.  V.  H. 
Wakeman,  Chicago  Evening  Post;  Illinois,  Virginia  Lull,  Chicago  Evening 
Journal;  Ohio,  Claudia  I.  Murphy,  Toledo  Commercial;  Michigan,  Sarah  J. 
La  Tour,  American  Tyler,  Detroit,  Mich.;  Indiana,  Ida  A.  Harper,  Indianap- 
olis News;  Iowa,  Pauline  Given  Swalin,  Oskaloosa  Herald;  California,"  Win- 
fred  Sweet  Black;  New  Jersey  and  New  York  periodicals,  Hester  M.  Poole; 
New  York,  Florence  Ives;  Massachusetts,  Helen  M.  Winslow,  Boston  Beacon; 
Nebraska,  Ellia  Peattie,  Omaha  World-Herald;  Minnesota,  Ruth  Kimball,  St. 
Paul  Globe. 

Saracen  Club. — Organized  1876.  The  originators  of  the  club  were 
Henry  W.  Fuller  and  Dr.  Samuel  Willard  and  it  was  named  the  Saracen 
because  its  members  proposed  to  criticise  ideas  and  literature  as  unsparingly 
as  the  Saracens  fought  their  enemies  and  giving  as  little  quarter.  There  is  no 
clubhouse.  For  sixteen  years  the  members  have  met  around  at  each  other's 
homes,  thus  preserving  a  marked  social  feature.  There  is  always  a  paper, 
followed  by  a  discussion,  and  then  a  supper  is  served  by  her  who  it  chances  is 
the  hostess  of  the  evening.  The  entertainment  is  frequently  quite  elaborate, 
as  the  Saracen  members  are  people  of  ample  means  and  social  prominence. 
There  are  eighty  of  them  in  all  and  each  member  has  the  privilege  of  bringing 
a  friend,  so  that  to  have  a  meeting  of  the  Saracens  at  one's  home  is  no  ignoble 
affair.  During  the  winter  seasons  the  meetings  are  held  every  month  and  are 
discontinued  in  the  summer.  The  membership  is  largely  composed  of  doctors, 
lawyers  and  literary  men  and  their  wives,  with  a  sprinkling  of  unmarried 
folk.  Every  year  they  give  an  entertainment  and  dinner  at  Kinsley's,  which 
is  quite  a  fashionable  gathering.  During  the  whole  list  of  presidents  there  has 
been  only  one  lady  at  the  head  of  affairs,  Mrs.  George  A.  Harding,  who  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Fortnightly  and  Chicago  Women's  clubs.  The  officers  for 
1892  are:  President  Merritt  Starr;  vice-presidents,  Mrs.  Sumner  Ellis,  Austin 
Bierbower  and  Dr.  Marie  J.  Mergler;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Norman  P. 
Willard;  executive  committee,  Irving  K.  Pond,  Mrs.  John  Wilkinson,  E.  B. 
Sherman,  Mrs.  Charles  Guy  Bolte,  Edwin  Burritt  Smith. 

Spanish  American  Club. — Meets  usually  at  the  Tremont  house.  The  aim 
of  the  association  is  the  better  understanding  of  the  Spanish  language  and 
the  customs  of  the  people  and  the  products  of  the  Latin  countries.  While  as 
yet  the  club  is  purely  social,  later  it  will  undoubtedly  become  active  in  prac- 
tical lines.  Among  those  prominently  connected  with  the  organization  are 
City  Treasurer  Peter  Kiolbassa,  August  E.  Gans,  Alberto  Zarate,  J.  M. 
Wiers,  E.  F.  Cotilla,  E.  S.  Douglas,  A.  Raphael,  A.  C.  Aaback,  B.  T. 
Thomas,  Manuel  S.  Molano,  Mrs.  A.  M.  L.  Coleson  and  Miss  Grace  L.  Dick- 
inson. 

Tuesday  Rinding  Club. — Organized  in  1891,  Mrs.  Jean  M.  Waldron,  a 
prominent  North  Side  woman,  being  its  originator.  It  was  her  idea  to  form  a 
reading  club  wherein  ladies  might  meet  for  the  study  of  good  literature  and 
to  leran  how  to  read  it  expressively.  The  idea  took  and  a  coterie  of  North 
Side  ladies  have  banded  together  and  meet  every  Tuesday  evening  for  the 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  253 

pleasant  exercises.  As  the  club  meets  at  the  respective  homes  of  the  mem- 
bers, there  is  afforded  a  charming  opportunity  for  sociability,  a  factor  which 
never  has  been  overlooked.  Light  refreshments  are  served,  and  sometimes 
the  ladies  sit  down  to  a  dainty  luncheon.  But  the  literary  part  is  counted  as 
the  first  and  greatest  part  of  the  club's  existence. 

Twentieth  Century  Club.— Established  November  9,  1880,  very  much  on 
the  plan  of  the  .Nineteenth  Century  club  of  New  York.  It  is  a  club  which 
admits  both  ladies  and  gentlemen,  in  fact  its  founder  was  a  lady,  Mrs.  George 
R.  Grant,  who  had  returned  from  the  Atlantic  coast  full  of  the  new  idea. 
Mrs.  Grant  is  a  society  leader,  as  well  as  a  beautiful  and  accomplished  woman, 
a  daughter  of  Fernando  Jones.  She  has  been  the  mainspriug  of  the  Cen- 
tury club  ever  since  its  inception,  though  the  presidents  have  been  of  the 
sterner  sex.  For  the  first  two  years  Maj.  Kirkland  filled  that  office,  and  a; 
present  Charles  D.  Hamill,  who  is  well-known  as  the  new  president  of  the 
board  of  trade,  stands  at  the  head  of  this  fashionable  literary  organization. 

The  object  of  the  club  is  the  promotion  of  serious  thought  upon  art, 
science  and  literature,  and  the  entertainment  of  distinguished  men  and  women 
of  other  cities  of  this  and  other  countries.  Such  individuals  as  have  achieved 
distinction  in  their  respective  departments  of  knowledge  are  invited  to  meet 
the  club  and  speak  before  it.  The  officers  are:  President,  Charles  D.  Hamill; 
vice-presidents,  L.  C.  Collins,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Charles  Heurotin;  secretary,  Mrs. 
George  R.  Grant,  1834  Prairie  avenue;  treasurer,  William  Morton  Payne, 
1601  Prairie  avenue;  general  committee,  Elwyn  A.  Barron,  Hugh  T.  Birch, 
Ingolf  K.  Boyesen,  Charles  Page  Bryan,  L.  C.  Collins,'  Jr.,  Charles  D. 
Hamill,  Joseph  Kirkland,  A.  C.  McClurg,  William  Morton  Payne,  Henry  B. 
Stone,  David  Swiug,  Charles  Walsh,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Brainard,  Miss  Amy  Fay, 
Mrs.  George  R.  Grant,  Mrs.  W.  Q.  Gresham,  Mrs.  Charles  Henrotin,  Mrs. 
Fernando  Jones,  Mrs.  Joseph  Medill,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Medill,  Miss  Harriet  S.  Mon- 
roe, Mrs.  G.  M.  Pullman,  Mrs.  H.  O.  Stone,  Mrs.  H.  M.  Wilmarth. 

Women's  Reading.  Circle  of  S^nth  Evanston. — Organized  November  5, 
1890,  meets  semi-monthly;  membership  limited  to  twenty-live;  object,  the  study 
of  history.  Mrs.  Alexander  Clark,  director. 

CLUBS— STATE  SOCIAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  American  population  of  Chicago  is  composed  in  great  part  of  natives 
of  other  sections  of  the  United  States.  The  States  of  Indiana,  Kentucky, 
Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Con- 
necticut, Rhode  Island  and  Massachusetts  are  very  largely  represented  here 
among  the  mercantile  and  professional  classes.  The  natives  of  a  number  of 
the  States  have  formed  themselves  into  organizations  of  a  social  character, 
which  are  referred  to  below. 

California  Pioneers. — The  Western  Association  of  California  Pioneers 
was  organized  January,  1890.  The  society  is  composed  principally  of  persons 
who  crossed  the  plains  in  1849,  and  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  together  for- 
mer residents  of  the  State  of  California.  Its  meetings  are  held  at  the  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel,  and  its  annual  meeting  is  held  on  the  18th  day  of  January  in 
each  and  every  year,  in  commemoration  of  the  day  on  which  gold  was  first 
discovered  in  California,  January  18,  1848.  The  officers  are:  Charles  P. 


254  GUIDE  TO   CHCAGO. 

Jackson,  president;  Addison  Ballard,  first  vice  president;  Thad.  P.  SearS, 
second  vice-president;  John  B.  Kerr,  secretary;  Davis  W.  Miller,  treasurer; 
trustees:  George  G.  Custer,  J.  A.  B.  Waldo,  Samuel  Waugh,  George  A. 
Emery,  Addison  Ballard,  Chicago;  Wm.  N.  Brainard,  Evanstou,  111.;  Cam- 
den  Knight,  Custer  Park  111. 

North  Pacific  Association. — To  include  former  residents  and  natives  of 
Alaska,  Washington,  Idaho  and  Montana.  Object,  to  bring  together  former 
residents  of  the  sections  named  in  order  to  advance  .the  interests  of  that 
division  of  the  Union,  and  to  formulate  the  best  plans  for  the  proper  enter- 
tainment of  the  people  of  the  North  Pacific  section  during  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition. 

Ohio  Society  of  Chicago. — Organized  April  29,  1890,  the  charter  members 
being  Charles  E.  Bliven,  Charles  D.  Hauk,  John  T.  Shayne,  E.  S.  Jeuison, 
Samuel  Parker,  Dr.  Listen  H.  Montgomery,  Leroy  D.  Thoman.  The  resi- 
dent members  number  151;  non-resident  members,  13;  honorary  members  11, 
making  a  total  membership  in  March,  1892,  of  175.  The  society  meets  quar- 
terly, on  the  first  Tuesdays  in  January,  April,  July  and  October.  The  annuai 
meeting  is  held  on  April  30th.  In  the  list  of  honorary  members  are  included 
the  following  :  Benjamin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States  ;  Ruther- 
ford B.  Hayes,  ex-President  of  the  United  States  ;  Charles  Anderson,  of  Eddy- 
ville,  Ky.;  Gen.  Jacob  D.  Cox,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  ex-Governor  R.  M. 
Bishop,  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  ex-Governor  Charles  Foster,  Fostoria,  Ohio ; 
ex-Governor  George  Hoadley,  New  York ;  ex-Governor  Joseph  B.  Foraker, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  Governor  James  E.  Campbell,  Columbus,  Ohio;  Allen  G. 
Thurman,  Columbus,  Ohio.  Among  other  prominent  members  are  :  Bishop 
Merrill,  Prof essor  Swing,  Dr.  Barrows,  Dr.  Gunsaulus,  the  Rev.  G.  K.  Flack, 
Dr.  Arthur  Edwards,  the  Rev.  R.  D.  Scott, ""Colonel  H.  C.  Corbin,  ex-Gov- 
ernor John  M.  Hamilton,  General  Benjamin  Butterworth,  Judge  Baker,  John 
B.  Drake,  Major  F.  Q.  Ball,  Colonel  J.  S.  Cooper,  C.  S.  Darrow,  J.  W.  Ells- 
worth, P.  S.  Grosscup,  W.  W.  Gurley,  S.  W.  Stone,  Wm.  A.  Mason,  and  many 
other  names  equally  well-known.  The  officers  of  the  society  elected  at  its  last 
meeting  were:  President,  Judge  L.  D.  Thoman,  ex-United  States  CivilService 
Commissioner;  Vice-presidents,  Charles  E.  Bliveu,  Win.  A.  Ewing,  Albert 
H.  Massey,  Geo.  Watkins,  Lucius  B.  Montonya,  Oscar  M.  Smith,  Daniel  W. 
Mills,  Henry  D.  Overdier,  and  Geo.  W.  Anderson.  Honorary  Vice-presidents, 
Joseph  Medill,  Anthony  F.  Seeberger,  William  Penn  Nixon,  Joseph  B.  Leake, 
John  B.  Drake.  Secretary,  Dr.  L.  H.  Montgomery;  Treasurer,  Samuel  Parker; 
Trustees,  John  T.  Shayne,  Geo.  P.  Jones,  Chas.  D.  Hauk,  Addison  Ballard, 
Amos  J.  Harding,  Henry  J.  Bohn,  Theo.  P.  Elliott,  Aaron  J.  Mik^clie, 
Edward  S.  Jenison.  In  a  circular  issued  by  the  officers  on  May  1,  1890, 
the  object  of  the  society  is  set  forth  as  follows  :  "  We  believe  it  desirable  to 
have  a  social  organization  in  this  city  of  former  residents  of  Ohio,  to  the  end 
that  the  enviable  position  attained  by  our  native  State  in  the  recent  contest  for 
the  location  of  the  World's  Fair  may  be  maintained."  Any  person  over  eighteen 
years  of  age,  of  good  moral  character,  and  who  is  a  native,  or  the  son  of  a 
native,  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  or  has  been  a  resident  of  Ohio  fora  period  of  five 
years,  may  be  admitted  as  an  active  member.  Any  person  of  the  age  and 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  255 

character  and  similarly  qualified,  residing  in  Ohio  or  born  therein,  or  having 
been  a  resident  thereof  for  five  years,  ana  residing  elsewhere  than  in  the  city 
of  Chicago,  and  not  within  fifty  miles  thereof,  may  be  admitted  as  a  non-resi- 
dent member.  Non-resident  members  shall  be  entitled  to  all  of  the  privileges 
of  the  society,  except  that  they  shall  not  vote  or  hold  office.  Admission  fee, 
$10  ;  annual  dues,  $.5  ;  non  resident  members'  admission  fee,  $5  ;  no  dues. 

Sons  of  Chicago. — Organized  1892.  Native  born  Chicagoans  are  alone 
elligible  to  membership.  Thomas  H.  Cannon,  chairman,  Clark  C.  Rolf, 
secretary. 

Sons  of  Connecticut. — Organized  1891.  Requisite  for  membership,  birth 
in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  Object,  to  promote  the  interests  of  that  State  in 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  for  social  purposes.  Officers :  Presi- 
dent, E.  St.  John  ;  Vice-President,  Frank  M.  Blair  ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
C.  W.  Newton,  7  Randolph  st.  Executive  Committee :  E.  St.  John,  Frank 
M.  Blair,  Joseph  Woodruff,  F.  W.  Short,  C.  W.  Newton. 

Sons  of  Delaware. — Organized  June  20,  1890 ;  membership  about  35. 
Requisite  to  membership,  birth  in  the  State  of  Delaware.  A  social  organiza- 
tion. Initiation  fee,  $2.00.  Officers:  President,  F.  L.  Ford  ;  Vice-President, 
T.  H.  Glenn  ;  Treasurer,  M.  J.  Powers  ;  Secretary,  A.  Lloyd,  3800  Vincennes 
avenue. 

Sons  of  Indiana. — Organized  December  20,  1890.  Present  membership, 
about  125.  Requisites  for  membership,  former  residence  in  the  State  of 
Indiana,  present  residence  in  Co*bk  county,  Illinois.  Meetings  hela  quarterly, 
first  Tuesdays  in  January,  April,  July  and  October,  at  such  places  as  may  be 
named  by  the  president.  First  banquet  held  February  24,  1891,  in  celebra- 
tion of  the  anniversary  of  the  capture  of  Viucennei  by  George  Rogers  Ciark. 
The  date  of  the  annual  banquets  is  fixed  at  December  11,  in  celebration  of 
the  admission  of  Indiana  as  a  State  into  Union.  Initiation  fee,  $1.(0;  annual 
dues,  $1.00.  Assessments  are  made  to  meet  expenses  of  banquets,  etc.  The 
officers  are:  President,  John  Lyle  King;  1st  vice-president,  D.  M.  Hillis;  2d 
vice-president.  J.  W.  Helm;  secretary,  Geo.  W.  Wiggs;  treasurer,  E.  W. 
Akinson;  executive  committee,  J.  Harvey  Bates,  J.  M.  Olcott,  J.  William 
Telm,  Geo.  W.  Wiggs,  James  M.  Starbuck,  W.  C.  Niblack,  Lawrence  P. 
B  -yle. 

Sons  of  Louisiana. — Organized  May  1,  1889.  Membership,  about  50. 
Requisite  for  membership,  former  residence  in  the  State  of  Louisiana.  Initia- 
tion fee,  $2.00  ;  dues,  $6.00  per  annum  ;  meet  first  Monday  of  each  month. 
Officers:  President,  G.  W.  Becker;  vice-president,  Seymour  Walton;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  F.  R.  Sonthmayd. 

Sons  of  Maine. — Organized  April  3,  1880.  Present  membership,  about 
200.  Requisite  for  membership,  birth  in  the  State  of  Maine,  regardless  of  sex. 
No  stated  place  of  meeting,  one  of  the  leading  hotels  being  usually  selected  for 
semi-annual  gatherings  and  banquets.  Initiation  fee,  $1.00  ;  annual  dues, 
$1.00.  Assessments  are  made  to  cover  expenses  incurred.  The  officers  are  : 
President,  E.  F.  Getchell;  1st  vice-president,  Geo.  L.  Dunlap;  2d  vice-pres- 
ident, J.  J.  P.  Odell;  3d  vice-president,  J.  B.  Hobbs;  treasurer,  William 
Sprague:  secretary,  Frank  Hamlin  (son  of  Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin,  and  a 
ri-ing  young  lawyer),  room  77,  119  La^alle  st. ;  directors:  Geo.  M.  Sargent, 
Geo.  A.  Emery,  F.  H.  Smith,  C.  F.  Kimball,  Newton  Goodwin,  W.  H. 
Andrews,  F.  A.  Johnson.  The  Sons  of  Maine  have  on  their  list  of  members 
the  names  of  many  leading  citizens  of  Chicago. 


256  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Sons  of  Massachusetts. — Organized  November  12,  1889.  Present  member- 
ship, about  150.  Meet  semi-annually  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel.  The  object 
of  the  association,  as  stated  in  the  by-laws,  is  "  to  cherish  the  memory  of  our 
mother  State,  to  acknowledge  our  love  and  fidelity  to  her,  t'o  perpetuate  her 
memory  to  those  who  come  after  us,  and  to  maintain  a  patriotic  love  and  devo- 
tion to  our  common  country,  composed  of  all  States."  Any  citizen  of  Illinois 
born  in  Massachusetts,  or  formerly  residing  there,  is  eligible  to  membership. 
AD  annual  assessment  is  made  upon  the  members  for  the  liquidation  of  such 
expenses  as  may  be  incurred.  The  officers  are:  President,  Erskine  M. 
Phelps;  vice-presidents,  fcilas  N.  Brooks,  Edward  F.  Lawrence,  Porter  P. 
Heywood;  secretary,  Edward  H.  Griggs;  treasurer,  Norman  W.  Harris; 
Directors,  Chas.  Lyman  Case,  E.  W.  Brooks,  Charles  E.  Field,  Joeiah  L. 
Lombard,  John  B.  Clarke,  Henry  Slade,  E.  A.  Simonds,  Edward  O.  Parker, 
John  C.  Policy. 

Sons  of  Michigan. — A  Society  composed  of  former  residents  of  Michigan. 
President,  Joseph  A  Nealey;  secretary,  Richard  Altrogh;  treasurer,  John  W. 
Irvine.  The  object  of  the  club  is  to  provide  entertainment  to  Michigan  people 
coming  here  during  the  World's  Fair. 

Sons  of  New  York. — An  Association  of  the  natives  of  the  State  of  New 
York  was  formed  early  in  September,  1889,  and  was  incorporated  on  January 
2,  1890.  Its  object  or  purpose  was  to  co-operate  with  other  State  societies  in 
the  effort  then  being  made  to  secure  the  location  of  the  great  Inteinational 
Exposition  at  Chicago.  To  this  end  the  members  of  the  Association,  individ- 
ually and  collectively,  devoted  their  time  and  influence  with  characteristic 
zeal  and  energy.  The  membership  of  the  Association  increased  at  so  rapid  a 
rate  that  it  was  resolved  to  make  the  organization  permanent,  which  was  done, 
as  mentioned  above,  by  incorporating  under  the  laws  of  Illinois.  The  princi- 
pal object  of  the  Association  is  the  occasional  bringing  together  at  re-unions 
of  the  resident  men  and  women  who  hail  from  the  Empire  State  for  the  pur- 
pose of  social  intercourse,  to  renew  past  acquaintance,  form  new  friendships 
and  cultivate  the  amenities  incidental  to  a  common  citizenship.  The  society 
of  the  Sons  of  New  York  has  a  .membership  of  over  seven  hundred,  hailing 
from  every  county  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  many  of  whom  were  form- 
erly friends  and  neighbors,  but  now  residents  of  the  great  Empire  City  of  the 
West,  in  the  growth  and  development  of  which  the  New  Yorkers  have  ever 
been  conspicuous.  Meets  once  a  month  at  the  Sherman  House.  '  Officers: 
President,  De  Witt  C.  Cregier;  first  vice-president,  J.  Irving  Pearce;  second 
vice-president,  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.;  third  vice-president,  J.  L.  Hotchkin; 
secretary,  John  E.  Davis,  154  Lake  st. ;  treasurer,  Cbas.  E.  Leonard;  directors, 
Potter  Palmer,  Nelson  Steele,  Geo.  H.  Harlow,  D.  Miks  and  Daniel  H. 
Pinnery. 

Sons  of  Pennsylvania. — Organized  December,  1889;  present  membership, 
about  800.  The  association  is  comprised;  1st,  of  native  born  or  resident  Penn- 
sylvania^; 2d,  of  former  citizens  of  Pennsylvania,  who  have  resided  at  least 
tea  ye»rs  in  the  State;  3d,  of  those  who  have  been  connected  with  the 
University,  or  any  of  the  colleges,  scientific  or  professional  institutes  of 
Pennsylvania;  4th,  of  those  who  served  during  the  war  in  any  Pennsylvania 
regiment,  and  may  also  include  as  members  tho«e  still  residing  in  Pennsyl- 
vania; numbers  among  its  honorary  members,  Geo.  W.  Childs,  Andrew 
Carnagie,  Ex-Gov.  Beaver,  Gov.  Patterson,  Ad jutant  General  Hastings,  Post- 
Master  General  Wanamaker  and  others.  The  object  of  the  association,  as 
stated  in  the  preamble  of  the  constitution,  is  "  for  the  purpose  of  promoting 
more  intimate  acquaintance  with  each  other,  cultivating  and  keeping 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  257 

alive  the  associations,  and  reviving  the  recollections  of  our  native  State; 
and,  to  the  end  that  we  may  the  better  act  in  regard  to  all  matters  per- 
taining to  the  common  interest  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the 
State  of  our  adoption."  Initiation  fee,*$2.00;  annual  dues,  $1.00.  Meetings 
are  held  monthly  at  the  Palmer  House.  Election  of  officers  occurs  on  the 
first  Monday  in  December,  annually.  At  least  one  banquet  is  held  every 
year.  In  an  address  issued  by  the  officers,  the  following  presentation  of  the 
organization's  aims  is  made:  The  "Sous  of  Pennsylvania"  is  an  organiza- 
tion growing  out  of  the  Pennsylvania  Auxiliary  Committee  of  the  World's 
Fair,  and  is  a  permanent  association,  devoted  to  the  development  of  an 
expression  of  those  social  and  fraternal  influences  which  cling  to  the  mem- 
ories and  incidents  of  "  Home  "  in  "  The  Keystone  State  "  of  Pennsylvania. 
During  the  World's  Fair  season,  the  fraternal  instincts  of  the  Association  will 
gladly  assist  all  Pennsylvanians,  whether  residents  of  the  Keystone  State  or 
citizens  of  "The  Empire  of  the  West,"  to  secure  home  comforts  at  that  moder- 
ate cost  which,  upon  great  occasions  in  large  cities,  is  so  difficult  of  access  to 
the  temporary  sojourner.  It  may  serve  to  still  further  endear  the  Associa- 
tion to  the  heart  of  every  Pennsylvanian  to  know  that  in  its  permanent  form 
of  organization,  one  of  its  special  duties  will  be  to  demonstrate  the  value  and 
extent  of  the  influence  exerted  by  Pennsylvanians  throughout  the  entire 
West,  in  its  social,  commercial  and  professional  progress."  The  officers  are: 
President,  Hon.  W.  B.  Cunningham;  vice-presidents,  Franklin  MacVeagh, 
Dr.  Swayne  Wickersham,  Hon.H  M  Shepard,  Hon.  J.  J.  Brinkerhoff,  Capt. 
J.  B.  Clow  treasurer,  Dr.  J.  W.  Slonaker;  secretary,  Frederick  J.  Patterson, 
449,  "The  Rookery,"  Chicago;  executive  committee,  Austin  L.  Nestlerode, 
chairman;  Hon.  Thos.  D.  McClelland,  Major  C.  I.  Wickersham,  J.  C.  Ander- 
son, W.  B.  Cunningham,  F.  J.  Patterson;  finance  committee,  Gen.  Jos. 
Stocton,  chairman;  Dr.  A.  P.  Gilmore,  Dr.  John  F.  Williams,  Wm.  Y. 
Daniels;  membership  committee,  Atlee  V.  Coale,  chairman;  C.  E.  Bruner,  S. 
E.  Gross,  C.  S.  Burrows,  E.  C.  Loomis,  B.  B.  Anderson.  The  membership 
of  the  Sons  of  Pennyslvania  is  comprised  of  many  of  Chicago's  leading  citi- 
zens in  every  honorable  walk  of  life. 

Sons  of  Rhode  Island.— Organized  November  12,  1889.  Present  member- 
ship about  100.  Initiation  fee,  $1.00;  annual  dues,  $].UO.  Meets  annually  on 
the  first  Tuesday  in  October  at  such  place  as  the  preside  nt  may  direct.  Other 
meetings  may  be  called  during  the  year.  The  preamble  to  the  constitution 
sets  forth  the  purpose  of  the  association  as  that  of  "  promoting  more  intimate 
acquaintance  with  each  other,  cultivating  and  keeping  alive  the  associations 
and  reviving  the  recollections  of  our  native  State,  and  to  the  end  that  we  may 
the  better  act  in  regard  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  common  interests  of 
the  State  of  Rhode  Island  and  the  city  and  State  of  our  adoption."  The 
membership  of  this  association  consists  "of  gentlemen  and  ladies  who  were 
born  in  Rhode  Island,  residing  in  Illinois  at  the  time  of  joining  the  associa- 
tion, and  such  other  gentlemen  as  claim  to  be  Rhode  Islanders,  or  who  served 
in  any  Rhode  Island  regiment  during  the  war,  or  who  have  been  connected 
with  Brown  University,  and  shall  be  recommended  by  the  membership  com- 
mittee, upon  their  signing  the  constitution  ana  by-laws  and  paying  the 
required  fee."  The  officers  are:  President,  Col.  W.  A.  James;  vice-presidents, 
H.  B.  Cragin,  David  Fales.  Charles  J.  Mauran,  J.  M.  Francis,  C.  P.  Walcott; 


258  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

secretary,  Henry  A.  Taylor;  treasurer,  Willliam  B.  Bocart ;  executive  com- 
mittee, H.  L.  Belden,  W.  P.  Cragin,  J.  B.  Marsh,  J.^G.  Cozzens,  J.  W. 
Lyon;  membership  committee,  W.  B.  Ballou,  F.  P.  Crandon,  ().  S.  Westcott, 
E.  L.  Barber,  C.  L.  Weaver;  delegate*  to  State  Association,  W  A.  James,  J. 
T.  Bowen,  E.  F.  Cragin.  An  annual  assessment  is  made  to  cover  expenses 
incurred. 

Sons  of  Vermont. — Organized  January  10,  1877.  Present  membership 
about  275.  Object,  the  perpetuation  of  the  memory  of  the  mother  State,  and 
social  intercoime  among  her  sons.  Originally  it  was  requisite  that  an  appli- 
cant for  membership  should  be  a  native  of  Vermont,  but  by  a  recent  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution  sons  of  Vermontersov<r  age  of  eighteen  are  eligible. 
Males  only  are  admitted  to  membership.  No  stated  place  of  meeting,  but  one 
banquet  is  given  annually  at  one  of  the  leading  hotels.  The  association 
meets  semi  annually  for  business  purposes.  The  animal  banquet  occurs  on 
the  17th  of  January,  in  celebration  of  the  independence  of  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont The  offices  are:  President,  Thos.  J.  Sutherland;  1st.  vice-president, 
Lewis  H.  Bisbee;  2d.  vice-president,  James  McAubery;  3d.  vice-president, 
Frank  B.  Williams;  secretary,  George  Edmund  Foss,  919  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce building;  treasurer,  H.  H.  Nash.  Executive  Committee,  Austin  Clem- 
ent, E.  B.  Sherman,  John  M.  Thatcher,  A.  G.  Fisher,  W.  N.  Sattley.  An 
annual  assessment  is  made  to  cover  expenses  incurred.  In  the  list  of  mem- 
bers are  the  names  of  many  of  the  foremost  men  of  the  city,  in  professional 
and  commercial  life. 

Slates  Columbian  Association. — Thereisin  existence  here  a  States  Association 
of  representatives  from  societies  organized  among  foimtr  residents  of  the 
several  States  as  an  auxiliary  to  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  enterprise. 
The  object  of  the  Association  as  stated  in  the  constitution  is  "  to  enable  the 
several  State  organizations  of  Chicago  to  co-operate  for  the  purpose  of  promot- 
ing the  success  of  the  Columbian  Exposition;  the  understanding  being,  viz.: 
the  several  State  Associations,  herein  represented,  do  not  surrender  to  this 
Association  any  of  their  prerogatives  or  powers,  nor  shall  their  work  be  pre- 
scribed or  interfered  with  in  any  manner  by  this  Association."  The  Asso- 
ciation is  composed  of  three  duly  accredited  representatives  from  each  of  the 
State  and  Territorial  Associations  now  existing  or  which  may  be  hereafter 
formed  in  Chicago,  provided,  that  the  several  Provinces  of  British  America, 
and  such  organizations  representing  Nationalities  as  the  Executive  Committee 
may  from  time  to  time  designate,  may  also  be  represented,  in  the  same  man- 
ner, as  their  associations  are  duly  organized.  Officers:  President,  LeRoy  D. 
Thoman  (of  Sons  of  Ohio);  First  vice  president,  Elijah  B.  Sherman  (of  Sons 
of  Vermont);  secretary,  Hervey  Sheldon  (of  Sons  of  New  York),  Secretary's 
address,  room  309  Inter  Ocean  bldg.;  treasurer,  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.  (of 
Sons  of  New  York).  Vice-presidents:  G.  M.  Sargent,  Maine;  H.  B.  Cragin, 
Rhode  Island;  F.  M.  Blair,  Connecticut;  F.  L.  Ford,  Delaware;  W.  W.  Mc- 
Elhaney,  Virginia;  Dr.  H.  A.  Costner,  North  Carolina;  P.  C.  Sneed,  Geor- 
gia; Charles  Marsh,  Alabama;  R.  H.  Stewart,  Mississippi;  William  Van 
Ketle,  Louisiana;  Dr.  M.  R.  Brown,  Texas;  F.  I.  Moulton,  Missouri;  C. 
Thompson,  Tennessee;  D.  W.  Mitchell,  Kentucky;  Major  C.  E.  Bliven.Ohio; 
GeorgeS.  Willits,  Michigan;  Charles  H.  Aldrich.  Indiana;  D.  H.  Lamber- 
son,  Illinois;  Van  H.  Higgins,  Iowa:  Col.  F.  A.  Battey,  Minnesota;  S.  H. 
Stevens,  Kansas;  W.  NTBrainard,  California;  T.  Z.  Magarrell,  Canada;  De 
Witt  C.  Cregier,  New  York;  Col.  E.  A.  Calkins,  Wisconsin;  Felipe 
Berriozabel,  Jr.,  Latin  Am.  League. 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  259 

COMMERCIAL  EXCHANGES. 

The  commercial  exchanges,  associations  and  boards  of  Chicago  are 
numerous  and  powerful.  Although  the  largest,  the  association  known  as 
the  Board  of  Trade  (which,  in  reality  and  properly,  should  be  called  the  Grain 
and  Produce  Exchange),  is  by  no  means  the  only  important  one.  There  are 
various  interests  of  magnitude  not  represented  on  the  floor  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  which  are  handled  by  other  exchanges.  The  different  Exchanges  and 
Associations  are  as  follows : 

Board  of  Trade. — The  leading  Grain  and  Produce  Exchange  in  the  world  ; 
membership,  about  2,000.  [See  Board  of  Trade  Transactions.]  Following 
are  the  officers  for  1892:  President,  Charles  D.  Hammill;  first  vice-presidente 
James  T.  Rawleigh;  second  vice  president,  R.  G.  Chandler;  secretary,  Georg, 
F.  Stone;  assistant  secretary,  R.  S.  Worthington;  treasurer,  Earnest  A. 
Hamill;  Attorney,  A.  W.  Green;  manager  of  clearing-house,  Samuel  Powell; 
treasurer  of  clearing-house,  John  C.  Black;  official  grain  samplers,  Owen  Mc- 
Dougall,  and  Cruickshanks;  inspector  and  registrar  of  flaxseed,  S.  H.  Stevens; 
inspector  of  provisions  and  weigher  of  packing-house  products,  also  registrar 
of  provisions,  Isaac  T.  Sunderland;  inspector  of  grass-seeds,  John  Pax; 
inspector  of  hay,  David  Walsh.  The  following  are  the  standing  committees 
for  the  year:  Executive — Rawleigh,  Healy,  Mitchell.  Finance — Chandler, 
Dousman,  Edwards.  Membership — Fiske,  Beach.  Smith.  Room- VanKirk, 
Bartlett,  Booth.  Market  Report — Worthington,  Chandler,  Wright.  Clearing- 
House — Mitchell,  Worthington, Lyon.  Real  Estate — Hannah, VanKirk,  Wright. 
Rules— Edwards,  Hannah,  Smith,  Booth,  Beach.  Legal  Advice — Bartlett, 
Healy,  Dousman.  Ware  house — Beach,  Fiske,  Hill.  Violation  of  Rules — Smith, 
Beach,  Mitchell.  Tarnsportation — Dousman,  Fiske,  Booth,  M.  Cudahy,  Rich- 
ardson, H.  W.  Rogers,  Jr.,  M.  Rosenbaum,  W  J.  Pope,  W.  J.  Coon.  Claims — 
Wright,  Bartlett,  VanKirk,  Worthington,  Rawleigh.  Meteorological  Observa- 
tion— Booth,  Lyon,  Edwards.  Weighing—  John  Hill,  Rawleigh,  Healy.  Provis- 
tion  Inspecting — Healy,  Besley,  Botsford,  Wells,  Stewart.  Flour  Inspection — 
Montague,  W.  H.  Crocker,  C.  Reifsnider,  Isaac  Horner,  John  B.  Young. 
Flaxseed  Inspection — Lyon,  Seckel,  W.  B.  Waters,  A.  M.  Henderson,  J. 
Wright.  Other  Inspection — Lyon,  Hannah,  Hill.  Arbitration  Committee 
on  Grass  and  Field  Seeds — Hill,  Seckel,  A.  M.  Henderson,  A.  Eddy,  Jr., 
Alexander  Rodgers.  The  secretary  of  the  board,  Mr.  Stone,  is  also  secretary 
of  the  National  Transportation  Association  and  member  of  the  Pan-Republic 
Congress  committee,  of  the  general  committee  of  the  World's  Congress  Auxil- 
iary on  Commercial  and  Financial  Congresses,  of  the  Committee  of  the  World's 
Congress  Auxiliary  on  a  Water  Commerce  Congress,  and  of  the  Committee  of 
the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary  on  a  Board  of  Trade  Congress. 

THE  BOARD  OF  TRADE  BUILDING  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  La  Salle,  on 
Jackson  St.,  between  Sherman  st.  and  Pacific  ave. ,  in  .the  heart  of  the  busi- 
ness center,  and  only  a  short  walk  from  the  great  hotels,  railroad  depots  and 
streetcar  terminals.  The  immense  size  and  architectural  beauty  of  the 
structure  will  attract  the  stranger's  attention.  It  covers  an  area  of  200  by  174 
feet;  and  is  built  of  gray  granite.  The  beautiful  front  is  surmounted  by  a 
tower  which  tapers  to  a  pinnacle  322  feet  above  the  pavement.  On  the  top 
of  this  tower  is  the  largest  weather-vane  in  the  world,  a  lake  schooner  15  feet 


260  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

in  length, -with  rigging  in  proportion.  From  the  street  below  it  does  not 
appear  to  be  a  fifth  of  this  size.  Visitors  are  admitted  to  the  tower,  from 
which  a  grand  bird's  eye  view  of  the  city  and  the  lake  may  be  obtained.  On 
the  first  floor  are  settling  rooms,  private  offices,  telegraph  offices,  etc.  Above 
these  is  agreat  Exchange  Hall,  the  dimension  of  which  are  174  by  155  feet. 
Some  idea  of  the  vastness  of  this  room  may  be  obtained  from  the  knowledge 
that  one  of  the  largest  five  story  blocks  in  the  city  could  be  accommodated 
within  it.  The  interior  decorations  are  elegant.  There  are  two  galleries, 
one  for  the  public  and  one  for  invited  guests.  Admission  to  the  former  may 
be  gained  within  business  hours.  Prom  this  gallery  a  perfect  view  may  be 
had  of  the  operations  on  the  floor,  operations  which  it  would  be  impossible  to 
describe,  and  impossible  for  the  average  visitor  to  understand.  Admis- 
sion to  the  floor  is  granted  only  on  rare  occasions,  and  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Trade.  The  rear  portion  of  the  building  is  given  over  to  offices. 

FINANCIAL  CONDITION  OP  THE  BOARD.— The  report  of  the  Directors  of 
the  Board  of  Trade  for  1891  made  the  following  showing:  On  hand  Jan.  6, 

1891,  $2,817.80.     Received  in  sundry  deposits  from  the  secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Trade,  from  Jan.  6  to  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  Jan.  4,  1892,  inclusive, 
$255,612.67.    Total,  $258.330.47.     Paid  552  checks  drawn  by  the  secretary, 
amounting  to  $239,797.55.     Leaving  a  balance  of  $18,532.92.     The  report 
of  theboaid  of  directors  showed  the  following  figures:    Receipts, $291, 685. 51; 
expenditures,  $259,538.79.  Cash  on  hand  and  in  hands  of  the  treasurer  Jan.  5, 

1892,  $32.146.72. 

Builders'  and  Traders'  Exchange. — An  organization  of  builders  and 
dealers  in  builders'  materials.  Location  of  Exchange,  12,  14  and  16,  No.  159 
La  Salic  St.  Officers:  President  W.  H.  Alsip  ;  first  vice-president,  R.  Vierl- 
Ing  ;  second  vice-president,  A.  Gordon  ;  secretary,  James  John  ;  treasurer, 
W.  H.  Mortimer. 

Chicago  American  Horse  Exchange. — Situated  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
Sixteenth  and  Dearborn  sts.,  facing  151  feet  on  Sixteenth  and  362  feet  on 
Dearborn,  street.  Take  State  street  cable  line. 

Chicago  Real  Estate  Board.— One  of  the  most  important  and  prominent  of 
Chicago's  commercial  organizations.  Organized  in  1887.  Comprises  the 
leading  and  responsible  real  estate  dealers  of  the  city.  Located  in  the  Real 
Estate  Board  building,  Randolph  and  Dearborn  sts.  The  Board  rooms  are 
made  a  general  headquarters  and  depository  for  information  pertaining  to  real 
estate  interests.  A  carefully  arranged  record  of  transfers,  council  proceed- 
ings and  enactments  of  the  County  Board  are  kept  for  reference,  as  well  as 
maps,  plats,  etc.,  thereby  furnishing  facilities  for  members  for  learning  facts 
without  going  to  various  public  offices.  Besides  its  function  as  a  conserva- 
tor of  the  public  weal,  the  Board  exerts  beneficial  influence  in  matters  bearing 
more  directly  upon  the  interests  of  property  owners  and  agents.  A  valuation 
committee  of  the  Board  is  established  whose  duty  is  to  value  property  on 
request  for  a  small  compensation  by  comparison  with  the  service  rendered. 
Valuations  are  made  without  bias  for  trust  companies,  Investors,  mortgagers, 
and  for  condemnation  or  damage  purposes,  by  persons  thoroughly  competent 
to  make  them.  As  showing  the  high  estimate  upon  services  of  this  committee 
it  is  only  necessary  to  say  they  were  called  upon  to  value  -$4, 001, 888.60  worth 
of  real  estate  in  1888.  One  of  the  greatest  results  of  this  organization,  how- 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  261 

ever,  is  the  prevention  of  fraud  on  the  part  of  dishonest  and  irresponsible 
real  estate1  dealers,  and  the  creation  of  a  high-toned  sentiment  among  real 
estate  men.  No  man  of  a  blemished  commercial  character  can  become  or 
remain  a  member. 

OFFICERS  FOR  1892. — President,  E.  S.  Dreyer;  vice-president,  G.  A. 
Henshaw;  treasurer,  Benjamin  A.  Fessenden;  secretary,  C.  L.  Hammond. 

Executive  Committee — J.  H.  Trumbull  (two  years),  Bruce  B.  Barney, 
(W.  W.  Baird  holding  over). 

Membership  Committee — P.  A.  Barnes  (two  years),  C.  H.  Mulliken,  Wm. 
A.  Merigold,  H.  S.  Dietrich,  P.  M.  Elliott,  H.  W.  Christian,  R.  D.  Hfll,  Car- 
ter H.  Harrison,  Jr.  (D.  M.  Erskine,  Jr.,  holding  over). 

Reference  Committee — H.  A.  Haugan  (two  years),  E.  S.  Hawley,  (A.  B. 
Mead  holding  over). 

Valuation  Committee— William  A.  Bond,  George  Birkhoff,  Jr.  (Willis  G. 
Jackson,  Joseph  Donnersberger,  Eugene  H.  Fishburn  holding  over). 

Call  Board  Committee — John  L.  Manning  (two  years),  B.  R.  De  Young, 
James  B.  Galloway,  J.  Robson  Weddell  (Nelson  Thomasson  holding  over). 

Public  Service  Committee — West  Side,  Geo.  M.  Bogue  (two  years),  R.  L. 
Martin,  Paul  O.  Stensland;  South  Side,  Walter  H.  Wilson,  Frank  Riedel  ; 
North  Side,  William  L.  Schrader,  H.  V.  Seymour. 

Chicago  Stock  Exchange. — Located  in  the  Stock  Exchange  building,  Dear- 
born and  Monroe  streets.  Officers:  President,  Edward  L.  Brewster;  secretary 
and  chairman,  Joseph  R.  Wilkins;  treasurer,  John  J.  Mitchell.  Calls  at 
10:30  A.  M.  and  2:15  p.  M.  on  stocks  and  bonds.  The  Chicago  Stock  Exchange 
made  greater  progress  in  1890  toward  becoming  an  institution  of  prime 
importance  in  the  financial  situation  of  Chicago  and  the  West  than  it  had 
made  in  all  the  previous  years  of  its  existence.  Trading  has  been  active,  and 
interest  in  the  market  has  been  widespread.  The  total  sales  at  the  Stock 
Exchange  for  1890  were  1,058,074  shares,  against  145,725  in  1889,  and  $18,- 
268,600  bonds,  against  $19,029,500  in  1889.  As  Chicago  ranks  as  the  second 
city  in  the  United  States,  the  immensity  of  these  operations  are  only  second 
to  those  of  Wall  street,  and  many  investors  prefer  to  buy  and  sell  the  leading 
speculative  stocks  of  Chicago  in  this  exchange,  as  they  are  surer  of  finding 
quotations  nearer  actual  values  than  if  they  sent  their  orders  to  the  East, 
where  the  nature  of  Chicago  properties  are  comparatively  unknown.  The 
Exchange  building  is  devoted  almost  exclusively  to  the  uses  of  bankers  and 
brokers.  The  ground  floor  is  occupied  exclusively  by  bankers  who  have 
made  a  specialty  of  handling  securities  and  documentary  loans  that  represent 
corporations  of  great  wealth.  The  arrangement  of  offices  is  peculiarly 
adapted  to  the  quick  despatch  of  business. 

Fruit  Buyers'  Association. — A  new  organization  formed  by  the  wholesale 
fruit  dealers  of  Chicago.  Meets  at  the  Produce  Exchange.  The  object  of 
the  Association  is  to  regulate  the  sale  of  California  fruit,  from  ten  to  twenty 
car-loads  of  which  arrive  daily,  representing  in  value  from  $10,000  to  $20,- 
000.  These  fruits  are  disposed  of  at  auction  in  two  rooms.  The  rule  laid 
down  by  the  association  is  that  each  room  shall  begin  the  sale  of  fruits  at 
9:30  in  the  morning  on  alternate  days,  and  if  the  room  whose  turn  it  is  to 
commence  at  9:30  is  not  ready,  the  buyers  shall  proceed  to  the  other  room, 
when  the  sale  ia  to  commence'.  When  one  room  has  begun  a  sale,  the  other 
must  not  start  in  until  the  first  is  finished.  One  object  of  this  rule  is  to  have 


2(52  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

the  sales  concluded  by  nocm,  instead  of  late  in  the  afternoon,  as  formerly. 
Another  object  is  to  keep  out  an  objectionable  element  that  crowd  ed  the  room. 
The  fee  for  members  is  $25.  The  association  is  incorporated  under  the  State 
laws.  The  following  are  the  officers:  President,  J.  F.  Chacker.of  Chacber 
Bros.;  vice-preskient,  J.  D.  Raggio,  of  J.  D.  Raggio  &  Co.;  secretary,  E.  E. 
Connery,  with  M.  Scanlon;  treasurer,  Samuel  Page;  trustees,  Frank  Cuneo, 
O.  S.  Edwards,  Louis  Boitano,  S.  H.  Clapp  and  William  Ostatag. 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Dealers'  Association. — Location  of  Exchange,  144  S. 
Water  street.  A  prosperous  and  important  association  of  merchants  in  ihe 
fruit  and  vegetable  commission  trade.  Organized  1888.  Officers  for  1891: 
President,  F.  A.  Thomas;  vice-president,  Robert  A  Burnett;  treasurer.  J. 
W.  Sharp;  secretary,  Colonel  Littler;  executive  committee,  George  W.  Bar- 
nett,  Charles  B.  Ayers,  Henry  A.  Ott,  Charles  Wilmeroth,  and  F.  A.  Thomas; 
arbitration  committee,  J.  W.  Sharp,  Edwin  R.  Baker,  Richard  Kemper,  B. 
V.  Emery,  L.  R.  Ermeling,  and  George  S.  Sawyer. 

Lumbermen's  Association  of  Chicago. — This  association  was  formed  about 
April,  1891,  from  the  three  existing  associations  of  lumber  dealers — the 
Lumbermen's  Exchange,  Chicago  Lumber  Yard  Dealers'  Association,  and 
the  Lumbermen's  Association  of  Chicago.  The  new  association  may  be  said 
to  be  the  successor  of  the  Lumbermen's  Exchange,  the  oldest  of  the  associa- 
tions, incorporated  March  31, 1869.  The  object  of  the  Exchange  is  to  advance 
the  commercial  character,  and  promote  the  general  lumber  interests  of  the 
City  of  Chicago  and  the  Northwest,  to  inculcate  just  and  equitable  principles 
in  trade,  establish  and  maintain  uniformity  in  the  commercial  usages  of  the 
city,  acquire,  preserve  and  disseminate  valuable  business  information,  and 
avoid  and  adjust,  as  far  as  practicable,  the  controversies  and  misunderstand- 
ings which  are  apt  to  arise  between  individuals  engaged  in  trade  when  they 
have  no  acknowledged  rules  to  guide  them.  Any  person,  firm  or  company, 
interested  or  engaged  in  thelumber  trade,  approved  by  the  board  of  directors, 
may  becomes  member  of  the  association  by  signing  the  rules  and  regulations 
and  paying  the  annual  dues.  Ex-members  of  the  Exchange  on  retiring  from 
business,  may,  by  vote  of  the  board  of  directors,  be  allowed  the  privilref  s  of 
the  Exchange  rooms  without  fees.  The  officers  are:  W.  W  Scholtz,  pres- 
ident; Geo.  E.  White,  vice-president;  E.  E.  Hooper,  secretary;  G.  P.  Soper, 
treasurer.  The  Exchange  is  located  at  618  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building. 

The  lumber  business  of  Chicago  is  immense.  The  figures  used  in  estimat- 
ing it  run  away  up  into  the  billions.  The  water  frontage  used  forjinloading 
lumber  needs  be  computed  by  miles.  The  cars  used  to  move  the  Chicago  sup- 
ply to  the  demand  are  numbered  by  thousands.  The  7nen  engaged  in  the 
work  would  make  an  army.  Them  are  about  ten  miles  of  water  frontage  in 
Chicago  devoted  to  the  lumber  business.  This  frontage  is  principally  on  slips, 
and  is  mostly  located  on  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  river.  There  is 
however,  a  great  deal  of  lumber  handled  on  the  lake  front.  To  these  large 
lumber  districts  must  be  added  the  many  small  yards  scattered  about  the  city. 
Michigan  furnishes  about  70  per  cent,  of  the  lumber  supply,  which  comes  by 
lake.  The  other  30  per  cent,  comes  from  almost  everywhere.  California 
furnishes  the  redwood.  This  is  principally  valuable  for  its  durability  when 
exposed  to  moisture  in  tanks,  etc.  Yellow  pine  comes  from  the  South.  Its 
principal  use  is  for  inside  finishing,  and  the  demand  is  increasing.  Poplar 
comes  almost  altogether  from  Indiana  and  the  South,  oak  from  the  middle 
States, walnut  from  the  South,  from  Indiana,  and  a  little  from  other  localities. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  263 

Other  Exchanges. — AMERICAN  LIVE  STOCK  ASSOCIATION,  organized  May, 
1888.  Has  paid  two  dividends  since  then.  186  per  cent,  on  the  capital  stock 
in  1889  and  150  per  cent,  in  1890.  CHICAGO  COAL  EXCHANGE,  635,  225  Dear- 
born; CHICAGO  ANTHRACITE  COAL  ASSOCIATION,  203,  225  Dearborn;  CHICAGO 
FLOUR  AND  FEED  DEALERS'  ASSOCIATION,  907  Royal  Insurance  Building; 
CHICAGO  LIVE  STOCK  EXCHANGE,  Union  Stock  Yards;  CHICAGO  MILK 
EXCHANGE,  meets  Fridays.  144  8.  Water;  CHICAGO  OPEN  BOARD  OF  TRADE, 
Open  Board  Building,  18-24  Pacific  ave.;  CHICAGO  OPEN  BOARD  OF  TRADE 
CLEARING  HOUSE,  OPEN  Board  of  Trade  Building;  COMMERCIAL  EXCHANGE, 
(Wholesale  Grocers),  11-34  Wabash  ave.;  GRAVEL  ROOFERS' EXCHANGE,  99, 
159LaSalle;  INSTITUTE  OF  BUILDING  ARTS,  63-65  Washington;  NATIONAL 
ASSOCIATION  OF  LUMBER  DEALERS,  35-92  La  Salle;  NATIONAL  BUTTER, 
CHEESE  AND  EGG  ASSOCIATION,  144  S.  Water;  NATIONAL  PRODUCERS'  AND 
SHIPPERS'  ASSOCIATION  meets  monthly,  144  S.  Water;  PRODUCE  EXCHANGE, 
144  S.  Water,  cor.  Clark,  telephone  5628;  UNION  STOCK  YARD  AND  TRANSIT 
COMPANY,  S.  Halsted,  cor.  Thirty-ninth. 

DETECTIVE  AGENCIES. 

In  addition  to  the  city  detective  force  there  are  established  in  Chicago  a 
number  of  private  detective  agencies,  the  most  responsible  of  which  are  the 
following: 

Bonfield  Detective  Agency. —  Founded  by  John  Bonfield,  formerly  Inspec- 
tor of  the  Chicago  Police  Department,  located  at  120,  122  and  124  La  Salle 
street:  John  Bonfield,  Principal;  M.  L.  Bonfield,  superintendent. 

Bruce  Detective  Agency. — Robert  Bruce,  general  superintendent;  located  at 
166  Randolph  street. 

Hartman Detective  Agency. — George  A.  Hartman,  superintendent;  located 
at  128  South  Clark  street. 

International  Detective  Agency. — C.  A.  Wallace,  superintendent,  186  S. 
Clark  street. 

Mooney  &  Boland  Detective  Agency. — This  is  a  stock  company,  organized 
under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois.  The  officers  of  the  Company,  all  of 
whom  are  stockholders,  are:  James  Mooney,  president;  John  Boland, 
vice-president;  William  J.  Sutherland,  sec'y  and  treas.  Mr.  Sutherland  is  also 
superintendent  of  the  Chicago  office,  and  Emil  Sandmeyer  ass't  superintendent 
of  the  new  organization.  The  Moony  and  Boland  Detective  Agency  ranks 
among  the  most  reliable  and  respectable  concerns  of  the  kind  in  the  world 
It  has  branch  offices  in  nearly  every  large  city  in  the  country.  Some  of  the 
finest  detective  work,  of  a  private  as  well  as  of"  a  public  nature,  ever  presented 
here,  has  been  done  by  this  agency.  Its  connection  with  the  "  Boodler  Cases" 
gave  it  an  international  reputation. 

Pinkertons'  National  Detective  Agency. — Founded  by  the  late  Allan  Pinker- 
ton  in  1850.  William  A.  Pinkerton,  general  superintendent  Western  Division, 
191  and  193  Fifth  Avenue,  Chicago;  Robtrt  A.  Pinkerton,  general  supejin- 
tendent  Eastern  Division,  66  Exchange  Place,  New  York  City.  D.  Robertson, 
assistant  to  general  superintendent,  Chicago;  Frank  Murray,  superintendent  of 
Chicago  office;  T.  G.  Conklin,  assistant  superintendent.  Offices  at  St.  Paul, 
Kansas  City,  Denver,  Portland,  Ore.,  New  York,  Boston  and  Philadelphia. 
This  is  the  original  Pinkerton  National  Detective  Agency. 


264  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Pinkertons'  Protective  Patrol. — Founded  by  Allan  Pinkerton,  1850. — W. 
A.  Pinkerton  and  Robert  A.  Pinkerton,  principals.  Chicago  Station-house, 
191-193  Fifth  Avenue,  Patrick  Foley,  captain;  J.  H.Cleary,  1st  lieutenant; 
George  Hay,  2d  lieutenant. 

Thiel's  Detective  Service. — Chicago  office,  The  Temple,  corner  of  La  Salle 
and  Monroe.  8.  H.  Thiel,  proprietor;  T.  E.  Lonergan,  general  agent  of 
Chicago;  C.  F.  Newcome,  general  manager,  St.  Louis,  C.  E.  Peterson 
general  assistant  manager;  G.  E.  Ives,  traveling  manager.  Offices:  St., 
Louis,  Mo.,  700  and  702  Olive  street,  W.  E.  Giese,  manager;  Chicago,  111., 
Stock  Exchange  building,  C.  M.  French,  manager;  New  York,  82  and  84 
Nassau  street,  A.  Cunz,  manager;  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Sixth  and  Main  streets, 
I.  S.  Hurst,  manager;  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  German  American  Bank  building, 
J.  H.  Mason,  manager;  Denver,  Col.,  Tabor  block,  T.  F.  Williams,  manager; 
Portland.  Ore..  Labbe's  building,  M.  C.  Sullivan,  manager.  With  offices  in 
the  principal  cities,  from  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  each  under  the  direction  of 
skilled  and  experienced  managers;  "with  a  large  force  of  operatives,  carefully 
selected  from  many  nationalities  and  representing  nearly  every  profession  and 
vocation;  with  means  of  placing  any  needed  force  at  any  designated  point 
promptly,  and  with  a  reputation  for  good  work  and  fair  charges  to  maintain, 
not  earn,  the  service  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  country. 

Union  Detective  Association.— J.  H.  Lobell,  superintendent;  125  S.  Clark 
street. 

Veterans'  Police  Patrol. — John  L.  Manning,  manager;  located  at  91  S. 
Clark  street. 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Educational  Institutions  of  Chicago  and  its  suburbs  rank  among  the 
best  in  the  United  States.  The  new  University  of  Chicago  will  be,  when 
in  full  operation,  one  of  the  grandest  institutions  of  learning  in  the  world. 
The  Northwestern  University  of  Evanston  holds  a  leading  place  among  the 
higher  colleges  of  the  United  States.  The  various  universities,  colleges, 
seminaries,  academies,  institutes,  etc.,  are  referred  to  below. 

Allen's  Academy. — Located  at  2125-2253  Calumet  ave.  A  high-class  pre- 
paratory school  for  boys  and  girls  having  the  sanction  and  support  of  such 
citizens  as  LymanJ.  Gage,  H.  N.  Higiubotham,  E.  T.  Jeffery,  George  M. 
Pullman,  Ferd  W.Peck,  Philip  D.  Armour, Thomas  Dent,Charles  B.Farwell, 
Thomas  M.  Hoyne,  Charles  P.  Packer,  John  H.  S.  Quick,  William  E.  Hale, 
A.  F  Seeberger,  John  V.  Farwell,  S.W.  Allerton.  Ira  Wilder  Allen,  M.  A., 
LL.D.,president,assisted  by  a  large  and  efficient  faculty.  Only  pupils  of  good 
moral  character  are  desired,  and  each  application  for  admission  must  bear  the 
favorable  endorsement  of  one  or  more  of  the  directors  or  visitors,  or  satis- 
factory references  to  parents  of  pupils  who  have  been  or  are  now  members  of  . 
the  school.  The  average  age  of  pupils  entering  the  first  class  of  the  academic 
department  is  about  twelve  years.  To  make  careful  preparation  for  these 
academic  courses,  we  have  a  preparatory  department  for  boys  and  girls  of  six 
or  seven  to  about  eleven  or  twelve  years  of  age.  Terms  per  annum:  Prepara- 
tory department,  $100;  academic  department,  first,  second  and  midde  classes, 
$200;  academic  department,  junior  and  senior  classes,  $250;  resident  pupils, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  265 

$560;  for  day  pupils,  payable  semi-annully  in  advance,  October  1st  and  Febru- 
ary 1st;  for  resident  pup'ils,  $300  at  entrance  September  18th,  and  $260  Febru- 
ary Igt.  Where  two  or  more  pupils  are  from  the  same  family  a  reduction  is 
made. 

Chicago  Athenmim.—ln  the  iummer  of  1890  this  nonored  institution, 
which  has  been  justly  called  "  The  People's  College,"  entered  upon  the  most 
promising  period  of  its  history,  at  the  opening  of  its  Twentieth  year.     At  that 
time  the  Board  of  Directors,  composed  of  eome  of  the  best  known  and  most 
influential  citizens,  with  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  Esq  ,  as  president,  secured  a  valu- 
able property  91  x97  feet  at  18  to  26  Van  Buren  St.,  one  of  the  choicest  loca- 
tions in  the  city,  which  has  been  enlarged  to  a  seven-story  building  and  filled 
up  in  the  most  attractive  style,  with  all  desirable  conveniences.  The  property 
was  purchased  for  $200,000,  besides  which  $90,000  have  been   expended  in 
the  improvements.      Situated  in  the  veiy  heart  of  the  city,  close  to  the  Art 
Institute,  and  in  the  same  grand  square  on  which  the  Auditoiium  stands,  it  is 
destined  to  become  a  recognized  educational  center,  and  one  of  Chicago's 
most  beneficent  Institutions.    The  Athenaeum  entered  its  new  home  in  JVIarch, 
1891.     From  the  date  of  its  organization  in  October,  1871,  its  animating  spirit 
has  been  philanthropic.     Though  a  private  corporation,  it  has  always  nibin- 
tained  the  Athenaeum  solely  for  the  public  good,  having  been  chartered  as  an 
institution  not    for  pecuniary    profit.      The  benefits  that  it  has  bestowed 
upon  this   city    can    not    be    overestimated.     Open    daily  throughout    the 
year,  and    five    evenings    a  week   for    nine    months  of    the    year,  with  an 
able  corps  of  twenty-nine  teachers  and   a  large  list  of  studies — all  elect- 
ive—young men  and  womerk  may  enter  at  any  time,  without  examination, 
and  receive  the  desired    instruction    at  moderate  cost-     Here    everything 
Is  done  by  the  superintendent  and  teachers,  not  only  lo  aid  the  pupils  in  the 
special  branches  that  they  have  chosen  but  tostimulate  a  love  for  learning.  Tc 
this  end  a  well-chosen  circulating  library  of  good  English  liieratuie  is  main- 
tained, containing  books  of  reference  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  an  opin 
reading-room  with  the  daily  and  weekly  papers,  magazines  and  reviews. 
During  the    fall    and  winter    lectures  on  popular  science,  literatuie  aud 
applied  art  are  given.     In  the  same  building  an  assembly  hall  has  been 
provided,  which  will  give  tar  better  facilities  for   such    instructive  lec- 
tures.     A  room    has    been    specially  prepared  to  receive  apparatus  and 
chemicals  for  the  illustration  of  lectures  on  natural  philosophy  and  chem- 
istry.   For  the  past  fifteen  years  the  Athenaeum  has  been  closely  allied  with  the 
Chicago  Mechanics'  Institute,  organized  in  1843,  of  which  Geo.  C.  Prussinp, 
Esq.,  is  president,  and  has  done  all  its  educational  woik.     The    liberal 
advantages  of  the  Institute  are  extended  to  indigent  mechanics  or  their  chil- 
dren, on  written  application,   duly  vouched  for.     Many  a  worthy  young 
mechanic  or  citizen  has  thus  secured,  through  the  Athenaeum  evening  classes, 
such  thorough  instruction  in  mathematics  and  drawing    as  to  gain  for  him 
promotion  in  his  trade,  as  an  intelligent  and  practical  foreman  or  a  master- 
builder.  While  the  greater  importance  in  this  "  People's  College"  is  attached  to 
the  fundamental  branches  whose  utility  is  everywhere  acknowledged,  valu- 
able service  is  also  rendered  to  young  women  who  desire  to  qualify  them- 
selves for  teachers  in  the  public  schools,  or  to  pass  the  examination  loi  still 
higher  grades,  by  giving  them  able  instruction  in   advanced  mathematics, 
physics  and  the  natural  science.      Here    also    young    men    may   reciive 
special  instructions  in  science,  the  classics  and  Fiench,  German  or  Spanish,  lo 


266  GUIDE   TO   CHCAGO. 

enable  them  to  enler  any  college  in  the  land.  The  new  "  Atheraeurn 
Building"  is  a  substantial  and  commanding  edifice  constructed  of  pnss-ed 
brick  and  stone.  It  is  91x97  feet  and  seven  stories  high.  Special  attention 
here  is  given  to  securing  abundant  light  and  good  ventilation  not  onlj  by 
meansof  numerous  broad  windows, those  in  front  beingplate  glass,  but  through 
two  large  light-wells  down  through  the  entire  building.  A  broad  entrance  and 
hallwith  handsome  marble  pavement  and  side  walls  leads  to  two  large  electric 
elevators,  the  first  of  this  kind  introduced  into  Chicago,  by  W.  E.  Hale  &  Co., 
and  to  a  broad  iron  and  marble  stairway  leading  to  the  seventh  story. 
The  upper  story  has  been  elaborately  fitted  up  with  sixteen  or  eighteen  studios 
for  the  special  accommodation  of  artists.  The  lifth  and  sixth  floors  are  devoted 
to  spacious  and  beautiful  class-rooms,  an  assembly  hall,  library  and  reading- 
room,  the  business  office  and  superintendent's  private  office.  Other  rooms 
below  are  occupied  by  literary,  philanthropic  and  educational  associations. 
A  larger  and  finer  "  Athenaeum  Hall,"  with  a  seating  capacity  of  400,  has 
been  opened  on  the  second  floor,  and  is  often  used  for  conceits  ar.d  lectures. 
With  the  exception  of  the  broad  entrance  hall  leading  to  the  elevators,  tbe 
entire  first  story  and  basement  have  been  made  into  the  most  spacious  and 
fairly -appointed  Gymnasium  in  this  city,  with  a  height  of  26  feet.  The  east 
half  is  devoted  to  the  gymnasium  proper,  handsomely  frescoed  and  furnished 
with  the  best  apparatus  that  can  be  obtained.  Thirteen  feet  above  the  floor 
is  a  suspended  and  well  supported  running  track,  5  feet  wide.  The  ceiling 
is  finished  in  heavy  hard  wood  panels,  and  admirably  adapted  for  suspended 
rings,  ladders,  climbing  ropes,  etc.  The  west  half  is  occupied  by  a  splendid 
racket  alley  (or  hand  ball  court),  65x23  feet,  with  cement  walls;  a  plunge 
bath  lined  with  English  porcelain,  18x28  feet  and  7  feet  deep;  fifteen  shower 
baths  and  four  porcelain  tub  bath  rooms.  Along  the  entire  front  runs  one  of 
the  best  standard  bowling  alleys,  being  partly  under  the  sidewalk  and  well 
lighted.  Thus  generously  equipped  with  apparatus,  and  with  spacious  and 
handsome  educational  departments,  the  Chicago  Athenaeum  is  destined  to 
become  one  of  the  most  attractive  institutions  for  mental  and  physical  culture 
of  any  city  in  the  land.  The  names  of  the  officers  and  directors  of  the  Chi- 
cago Athenaeum  are  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  its  high  standard  and  useful 
aims.  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  president;  Wm.  R.  Page,  first  vice-president;  Harry 
G.  Selfridge,  second  vice-president;  John  Wilkinson,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
Edward  I.  Galvin,  superintendent  in  charge.  Directors:  Henry  Booth, 
Franklin  H.  Head,  Lyman  J.  Gage,  Wm.  J.  Chalmers,  Hugh  A.  White,  Joseph 
Sears,  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  Chas.  J.  Singer,  Wm.  R.  Page,  A.  C.  Bartlett,  J.  J. 
P.  Odell,  Alex.  H.  Revell,  John  Wilkinson,  Harry  G.  Selfridge,  H.  H.  Kohl- 
saat,  Gilbert  B.  Shaw.  Under  the  guidance  and  government  of  these  public- 
spirited  citizens,  this  time-honored  institution  will  ever  keep  in  the  line  of 
progress,  in  promoting  the  interests  of  practical  education. 

Chicago  Kitchen- Garden  Association. — The  Chicago  Kitchen-Garden 
Association  began  its  active  labor  in  May,  1883,  when  the  ladies  connected 
with  it  received  Normal  instruction  fiom  a  New  York  teacher.  These  ladies, 
realizing  the  important  Mission  of  the  Kitchen-Garden,  called  a  general  meet- 
ing of  women,  representing  many  churches  of  the  city,  and  organized  the 
Association.  During  the  first  two  years  the  work  of  the  Association  was 
confined  to  classes  in  connection  with  various  city  missions.  A  schrol  on 
Randolph  street;  one  on  Ashland  avenue  and  12th  street,  the  Bethany,  the 
Bethesda  and  the  Central  Church  Missions,  each  had  a  class  supported  by  the 


»  THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  267 

Association.  In  the  first  year  the  lady  founders  taught  these  classes,  but  later 
it  was  found  more  profitable  to  engage  a  responsible  salaried  teacher.  About 
the  middle  of  the  third  year  (in  (1886),  a  store  on  Clybourn  Ave.,  under  the 
Central  Church  Mission,  was  rented,  and  fully  fitted  up  for  a  kitchen-garden 
and  cooking  school.  A  classroom,  kitchen,  dining-room  and  bedroom  were 
partitioned  off  and  furnished,  and  at  last  the  Association  controlled  a  place 
where  they  could  carry  out  their  complete  course  of  instruction.  During  this 
year,  some  of  the  mission  classes  were  given  up,  others  added,  and  the  first 
evening  cooking  classes  for  working  girls  were  started.  The  success  of  this 
complete  course  of  training  at  the  Clybourn  avenue  school,  proved  by  the 
.fact  that  older  pupils  taught  here  easily  secured  situations  at  domestic  service, 
inspired  the  Board  of  Managers  to  process  at  once  to  a  more  advanced 
branch  of  this  sort  of  instruction,  *.  e. ,  to  start  a  training  school  for  se'rvants. 
For  two  years,  in  addition  to  the  work  among  young  girls,  the  training  school 
was  effectually  carried  on.  The  Board  of  Managers  was  enlarged,  other 
organizations  enlisted  in  their  behalf,  housekeepers  interested,  and  every 
effort  made  to  achieve  success.  Although  the  Association  managed  always 
to  raise  money  enough  to  defray  the  enormous  cost  of  such  an  undertaking, 
though  housekeepers  sent  their  cooks,  laundressi  s  and  housemaids  at  their 
own  expense  for  courses  of  lessons  ;  though  the  price  of  lessons  was  reduced 
to  the  minimum — yet,  in  the  very  direction  in  which  every  energy  was 
strained  to  make  the  work  felt,  it  failed.  The  servants  at  large,  of  their  own 
accord,  would  not  patronize  the  school.  It  was  an  admission  of  incompetence 
to  attend  a  training  school,  and  if  they  so  humbled  their  pride,  they  expected 
compensation  in  being  able  to  demand  increased  wages:  Meanwhile  the 
Kitchen-Garden  work  waited.  When  the  Training  School  should  pay  for  itself, 
the  Kitchen  Garden  department  could  hope  for  a  larger  share  of  the  Associa- 
tion funds.  The  existing  Kitchen  Gardens  were  pushed  on  vigorously,  but 
little  new  work  could  be  added.  When,  in  September,  1889,  the  sixth  year 
commenced  without  the  incubus  of  the  Training  School,  the  Managers  felt 
that  at  last  the  Kitchen-Garden  bad  a  chance  to  grow.  When  the  Managers 
should  recover  from  the  tremendous  pressure  under  which  they  had  been 
struggling  for  two  years,  they  would  turn  to  the  Kitchen-Garden  with 
renewed  energy.  Preparations  were  made  to  start  a  completely  equipped 
school  on  Wentworth  avenue.  In  March,  in  reply  to  an  application  for  per- 
mission to  introduce  cooking  into  one  of  the  city  public  schools,  the  Associa- 
tion received  the  answer  that  they  might  occupy  one  room  of  the  Huron 
Street  School  after  school  hours  ;  and  now  the  Kitchen-Garden  department 
felt  that  they  were  at  last  beginning  to  enjoy  the  reward  of  patience. 

The  ladies  have  worked  mainly  in  these  three  schools.  Each  year  the 
number  of  pupils  increases.  The  plan  which  the  Kitclien-Garden  Association 
pursues  is  as  follows  :  girls  over  ten  years  of  age  are  admitted  to  its  classes. 
Pupils  must  begin  with  the  Kitchen-Garden,  and  frequently  they  go  twice 
through  its  course  that  the  lessons  may  be  thoroughly  learned.  Next  they 
are  promoted  into  practice  with  real  rooms  and  furniture.  Finally,  when 
they  are  proficient  in  Kitchen-Garden  work,  and  are  twelve  years  old,  they 
learn  something  about  food  and  its  proper  use,  and  are  taught  simple  cooking 
and  every  day  economies.  A  comparison  of  the  work  of  1890  and  1891  with 
1889  and  90  shows  :  At  Clybourn  avenne  in  1890,  there  were  nine  classes  a»d 
165  children  ;  1891,  twelve  classes,  244  children.  At  Huron  street,  in  1890, 
there  were  seven  classes,  112  pupils;  in  1891,  five  classes,  75  pupils.  At 
Wentworth  avenue,  1890,  there  were  six  classes,  133  pupils;  in  1891,  six 


268  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  « 

classes,  sixty-seven  pupils.  Total  number  of  classes,  1890,  twenty -two ;  12 
1891,  twenty-three  ;  pupils,  1890,  410  ;  1891,  386.  In  addition  to  the  children 
is  the  clas?  of  young  women  which  numbered  sixteen,  making  a  total  of  40n 
pupils.  The  receipts  for  the  year  ending  May  15,  1891,  were  $5,063  ;  the 
disbursements,  $4,897.  The  officers  are:  Presid'ent,  Mrs.  Henry  Ives  Cobb, 
390  Ontario  street ;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Owen,  1902  Michigan 
avenue  ;  second  vice-president,  Mrs.  Victor  F.  Lawson,  317  La  Salle* avenue  ; 
third  vice-president,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Porter,  311  Erie  street ;  recording  secretary. 
Mrs.  C.  G.  Oarleton,  378  Erie  street  ;  corresponding  secretary,  Miss  E.  W, 
Towner,  113  Cass  street ;  treasurer,  Mrs.  P.  D.  Johnston,  11  Scott  street. 

Chicago  Manual  Training  Schoqfc. — Located  at  Michigan  ave.  and  Twelfth 
st.  Take  State  st.  cable  line.  Founded  by  the  Commercial  Club  of  Chicago, 
and  its  history  dates  from  the  regular  monthly  meeting  of  that  club  held, 
March  25, \S82,  at  which  time  the  necessary  funds  were  subscribed,  and  a 
committee  appointed  to  propose  a  plan  for  the  organization  of  the  school. 
The  Chicago  Manual  Training  Association  was  incorporated  under  the  laws 
of  the  State  of  Illinois,  April  19,  1883,  and  the  control  of  the  school  was  vested 
in  a  Board  of  Trustees,  nine  in  number,  elected  by  the  Association.  The  lot 
on  which  the  building  stands  was  purchased  March  28,  1883;  the  corner-stone 
was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies  September  24,  1883,  and  the  regular 
school  exercises  began  February  4,  1884.  The  Junior  class,  only  was  organ- 
ized at  that  time,  and  consisted  of  seventy-two  pupils,  all  thatcoujd  be  accom- 
modated. The  dedicatory  exercises  were  held  June  19,  1884.  The  Middle 
class  was  organized  September  1,  1884;  the  Senior  class  September  7,  1885. 
The  first  class  was  graduated  June  24,  1886.  In  September,  1886,  the  capacity 
of  the  school  was  increased,  and  a  Junior  class  numbering  ninety  six  was 
admitted.  The  object  of  the  school  is  clearly  stated  in  the  Articles  of  Incor- 
poration, as  follows:  "  Instruction  and  practice  in  the  use  of  tools,  with  suc- 
instruction  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  in  mathematics,  drawing  and  English 
branches  of  a  high  school  course.  The  tool  instruction  as  at  present  con- 
templated shall  include  carpentry,  wood-turning,  pattern-making,  iron  chip 
ping  and  filing,  forge  work,  brazing  and  soldering,  the  use  of  machine  shop 
tools ,  and  such  other  instruction  of  a  similar  character  as  may  be  deemed 
advisable  to  add  to  the  foregoing  from  time  to  time,  it  being  the  intention  to 
divide  the  working  hours  of  the  students,  as  nearly  as  possible,  equally 
between  manual  and  mental  exercises.  The  Board  of  Trustees  consists  of 
E.  W.  Blatchford,  president;  John  M.  Clark,  vice-president;  Marshall  Field, 
treasurer;  William  M.  Fuller,  secretary;  John  W.  Doane,  Christopher  Hot/,, 
Edson  Keith,  H.  H.  Porter,  George  M.  Pullman.  The  teachers  are:  Henry  H. 
Belfield,  Ph.  D.,  director;  William  R.  Wickes,  Harlow  W.Eaton,  physicsand 
history;  Charles  E.  Boynton,  chemistry  and  physiology;  Honta  Smalley, 
Latin;  Earl  B.  Ferson,  drawing;  Frederick  Newton  Williams,  drawing;  G. 
Willis  Ritchey,  woodwork;  J.  W.  Raymond,  Jr.,  foundry  and  forge:  S.  J. 
Townsend,  algebra;  C.  E.  Depuy,  machinist;  Miss  Clara  E.  Beefield,  French 
teacher  and  secretary. 

JUNIOR  YEAR — 1.  MatJiematics— Algebra;  Geometry.  2.  Science — Physi- 
ology. 3.  Language — English  Language  and  Literature;  or  Latin.  4. 
Drawing — Freehand  Model  and  Object;  .Projection;  Machine;  Perspective. 
5.  Shoptoork — Carpentry,  Joinery,  Wood-Turning,  Pattern-Making,  Proper 
Care  and  Use  of  Tools. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  269 

MIDDLE  YEAB — 1.  Mathematics — Geometry;  Plane  Trigonometry.  2. 
Science — Physics.  3.  Language — General  History  and  English  Literature,  or 
Latin.  4.  Drawing — Orthographic  Projection  and  Shadows ;  Line  and 
Brush  Shading  ;  Isometric  Projection  and  Shadows  ;  Details  of  Machinery  ; 
Machines  from  Measurement.  5.  Shopwork — Molding,  Casting ;  Forging, 
Welding,  Tempering;  Soldering,  Brazing. 

SENIOR  YEAR — 1.  Mathematics — Mechanics  ;  Book-keeping.  2.  Science 
— Chemistry  and  Physical  Geography,  or  Descriptive  Geometry  and  Higher 
Algebra.  3.  Language,  Etc. — English  Literature,  Civil  Government,  Politi- 
cal Economy,  or  Latin  or  French.  4.  Drawing — Machines  from  Measure- 
ment ;  Building  from  Measurement ;  Architectural  Perspective.  5.  Machine 
Shopwork — Chipping,  Filing,  Fitting,  Turning,  Drilling,  Planing,  Etc. 
Study  of  Machinery  ;  Management  and  care  of  Steam  Engines  and  Boilers. 

Candidates  for  admission  to  the  Junior  year  must  be  at  least  fourteen 
years  of  age,  and  must  pass  a  satisfactory  examination  in  Reading,  Spelling, 
Writing,  Geography,  English  Composition,  Arithmetic,  and  History  of  the 
United  States.  Boys  who  have  completed  a  grammar  school  course  should 
have  no  difficulty  in  passing  the  examination  for  admission.  A  certificate  of 
the  completion  of  the  first  year's  course  in  a  reputable  high  school  is  accepted 
in  lieu  of  examination.  No  boy  will  be  admitted  without  a  certificate  of 
good  moral  character  from  some  responsible  person  ;  and  no  pupil  will  be 
retained  who  is  an  impediment  to  the  progress,  or  an  injury  to  the  morals,  of 
his  classmates.  The  school  year  is  divided  into  two  terms  of  twenty  weeks 
each,  and  begins  on  the  First  Monday  of  September.  Tuition,  payable  by 
the  term,  is  as  follows  : 

JUNIOR  YEAR,  per  term,  $40.00.         Per  year,  $  80.00 
MIDDLE  YEAR,        "  50.00.  "  100.00 

SENIOR  YEAR,        "  60.00.  120.00 

To  secure  or  retain  a  seat,  tuition  must  be  paid,  or  arrangements  satisfac- 
tory to  the  Director  made,  not  later  than  the  first  week  of  each  term.  A 
deposit  of  $5  is  made  by  every  pupil  as  an  offset  against  possible  damage  to 
tools,  apparatus,  etc.  This  deposit  is  returned,  less  assessments,  if  any, 
when  the  pupil  leaves  school.  Pupils  furnish  their  own  books,  drawing 
instruments  and  material,  aprons,  overalls  and  pocket  tools.  Shop  tools  and 
material  are  provided  by  the  school.  The  school  does  not  furnish  board  or 
lodging,  which  may  be  obtained  in  the  city  or  suburbs  for  $5  to  $6  per  week. 
The  Director  will  assist  non-resident  pupils  in  obtaining  homes.  The  cost  of 
books  is,  for  Junior  Year,  about  $5  ;  for  Middle  and  Senior  Years,  about  $6 
each.  Drawing  material  and  drawing  instruments  coat  about  $15  for  the 
Junior  Year  ;  about  $5  for  Middle  and  Senior  Years,  each.  The  founders  of 
the  school  desire  that  its  advantages  may  be  enjoyed  by  boys  who,  by  reason 
of  age,  scholarship,  mechanical  aptitude  and  good  moral  character,  are  fitted 
to  enter  the  school,  but  who,  from  lack  of  means,  hesitate  to  apply  for 
admission.  Provision  has  been  made  for  the  payment  of  the  tuition  of  a 
limited  number  of  such  deserving  boys,  whose  parents  are  invited  to  consult 
with  the  Director.  School  hours  are  from  9  A.  M.  to  3:30  p.  M.,  with  inter- 
missioii  of  thirty  minutes  from  1  o'clock.  A  warm  lunch  is  provided  at  rea- 
sonable rates  for  those  who  desire  it. 

Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  situated  on  Union  Park  and  Ashland 
boulevard,  in  the  West  Division  of  the  city. 


270  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

The  Chicago  Theological  Seminary  was  organized  on  the  twenty-seventh 
of  September,  1854,  by  delegates  from  the  Congregational  churches  in  Michi- 
gan, Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa.  Wisconsin  and  Missouri,  was  incorporated  by 
the  State  of  Illinois  on  the  fifteenth  of  February,  1855,  and  began  its  work 
on  the  sixth  of  October,  1858.  It  has  been  from  the  first  under  the  control 
of  the  churches  of  the  Northwest,  which,  through  the  Triennial  Convention, 
elect  the  directors.  In  this  manner  the  Seminary  is  kept  in  close  relation 
with  the  churches  of  its  constituency.  The  Special  Course,  designed  for 
men  who  have  not  had  a  classical  training,  but  who  have  gifts  justifying 
them  in  preparing  for  the  ministry,  was  authorized  by  the  original  conven- 
tion, and  a  professor  was  appointed  for  it  in  1869.  The  Foreign  Departments, 
established  to  meet  manifest  and  growing  needs,  were  opened  as  follows: 
the  German  in  1882,  the  Dane-Norwegian  in  1884  and  the  Swedish  in  1885. 
The  German  Department  is  inclose  connection  with  the  German  Seminary  at 
Crete,  Neb.,  and  receives  students  from  it  year  by  year.  The  Swedish  De- 
partment has  the  approval  of  many  of  the  Swedish  churches  in  this  country, 
both  among  those  which  are  independent  and  those  which  belong  to  the 
"Forbundet."  The  Dano-Norwegian  Department  has  no  ecclesiastical  con- 
nections. It  originaled  in  the  suggestion  of  a  banker  in  Chicago,  a  Norwe- 
gian by  birth,  who  has  rendered  it  pecuniary  aid. 

THE  FACULTY. — Rev.  Franklin  Woodbury  Fisk,  D.D.,  LL.  D.,  president, 
and  Wisconsin  professor  of  sacred  rhetoric,  residence,  532  West  Adams 
street ;  Rev.  George  Nye  Boardman,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Illinois  professor  of 
systematic  theology,  residence,  641  Washington  boulevard  ;  Rev.  Samuel 
Ives  Curtiss,  Ph.  D.,  D.  D.,  New  England  professor  of  Old  Testament  litera- 
ture and  interpretation  and  librarian,  residence,  395  West  Monroe  street ; 
Rev.  Giles  Buckingham  Willcox,  D.  D.,  stone  professor  of  pastoral  theology 
and  special  studies,  residence,  512  Washington  boulevard  ;  Rev.  Hugh  Mac- 
donald  Scott,  D.  D,,  Sweetser  and  Michigan  professor  of  ecclesiastical  his- 
tory, residence,  520  West  Adams  street ;  Rev.  George  Holley  Gilbert,  Ph.  D., 
Iowa  professor  of  New  Testament  literature  and  interpretation,  residence,  536 
Washington  boulevard  ;  Joseph  Rix  Jones  Anthony,  instructor  in  elocution 
on  the  J.  W.  Scoville  endowment,  address  81  Ashland  boulevard  ;  Rev. 
Edward  Thomson  Harper,  Ph.  D.,  instructor  in  the  department  of  Old  Tes- 
tament literature  and  interpretation,  residence  465  Washington  boulevard  ; 
Rev.  Caleb  Frank  Gates,  instructor  in  the  use  of  the  English  Bible  and  meth- 
ods of  Christian  work,  residence  465  Washington  boulevard  ;  Rev.  John 
Edward  Hermann,  Ph.  D.,  instructor  in  the  German  department,  study,  45 
Waeren  avenue  ;  Rev.  Reinert  August  Jernberg,  B.  A.,  B.  D.,  instructor  in 
the  Dano-Norwegian  department,  residence  734  Washington  boulevard ; 
Rev.  Otto  Christopher  Grauer,  instructor  in  the  Dano-Norwegian  depart- 
ment, residence  478  North  Robey  street ;  Rev.  Fridolf  Risberg,  S.  M.  C., 
instructor  in  the  Swedish  department,  residence,  26  Ogden  avenue ;  Rev. 
Magnus  Egidius  Peterson,  instructor  in  the  Swedish  department,  residence, 
50  Walnut  street ;  Rev.  Marcus  Whitman  Montgomery,  B.  D.,  instructor  in 
English  in  the  Scandinavian  departments,  residence,  62  Park  avenue;  Rev. 
Charles  Truman  Wyckoff,  B.  D.,  instructor  in  sacred  music. 

DORMITORY  BUILDINGS. — Fisk  Hall,  erected  in  1889-90,  was  opened  for 
occupancy  in  1891.  On  the  first  floor  are  four  large  lecture  rooms,  profes- 
sors' studies,  rooms  for  the  president,  secretary,  and  treasurer,  a  reception 
room  and  a  parlor.  In  the  basement  are  bath-rooms,  and  in  the  fif  ih  story 
is  a  gymnasium.  The  second,  third  and  fourth  floors  contain  ninety-seven 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  271 

suites  of  rio-ris  for  students,  viz.:  thirty-seven  suites  consisting  each  of  a 
study  and  two  bedrooms  for  two  students,  and  sixty  consisting  each  of  a 
study  and  a  bedroom  for  one  student, — in  all  providing  accommodations  for 
134  students.  These  suites  of  rooms,  finished  in  hardwood,  are  furnished 
throughout  in  a  uniform  manner,  with  new,  substantial  and  abundant  furni- 
ture, including  bedclothes  and  towels,  and  everything  needed  to  render  them 
comfortable  and  pleasant.  These  rooms,  as  also  the  other  parts  of  the  build- 
ing, are  heated  by  hot  water  and  lighted  by  gas,  This  building  is  occupied 
by  students  of  the  Regular  and  English  courses. 

Keyes  Hall  contains,  in  addition  to  three  lecture  rooms,  nineteen  suits  of 
rooms  providing  accommodations  for  thirty-eight  students. 

Carpenter  Hall,  besides  Carpenter  Chapel,  and  two  lecture  rooms,  con- 
tains nineteen  suites  of  rooms  for  thirty-eight  students.  The  rooms  of  these 
two  buildings  are  furnished  throughout  with  all  needed  furniture. 

The  Hammond  Library  contains  11,000  volumes,  and  is  increased  by  the 
addition  of  all  valuable  theological  works  as  they  appear. 

The  library  contains  some  rare  and  valuable  special  collections— one  on 
Egyptology,  the  gift  of  Rev.  E.  M.  Williams,  ar.d  one  on  the  Rise  of  Con- 
gregationalism, the  gift  of  the  Rev.  P.  W.  Gunsaulus,  D.  D.  The  students 
have  easy  access  also  to  the  large  public  libraries  of  Chicago.  The  reading-room 
is  supplied  with  the  leading  American  and  European  reviews  and  religious 
papers.  It  is  open  daily  from  8  A.  M.  to  9  P.  M. 

directors,  of  which  the  officers  are:  President,  E.  W.  Blatchford;  vice-presi- 
dent, C.  F.  Gates;  secretary,  Rev.  G.  8.  F.  Savage. 

THE  FACULTY,  ETC. — The  following  is  the  faculty:  Rev.  Franklin  Wood- 
bury  Fisk,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  president  and  Wisconsin  professor  of  sacred 
rhetoric.  Rev.  George  Nye  Boardman,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Illinois  professor  of 
systematic  theology.  Rev.  Samuel  Ives  Curtiss,  Ph.  D.,  D.  D.,  New  Eng 
land  professor  of  Old  Testament  literature  and  interpretation  and  librarian 
Rev.  Giles  Buckingham  Wilcox,  D.  D.,  Stone  professor  of  pastoral  theology 
and  special  studies.  Rev.  Hugh  Macdonald  Scott,  D.  D.,  Sweetser  and 
Michigan  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history.  Rev.  George  Holley  Gilbert, 
Ph.  D.,  Iowa  professor  of  New  Testament  literature  and  interpretation. 
Rev.  Gustav  Adolph  Zimmermann,  Ph.  D.,  instructor  in  the  German  depart- 
ment. Rev.  Peter  Christian  Trandberg,  instructor  in  the  Dano-Norwegian 
department.  Rev.  Fridolt  Risberg,  S.  M.  C.,  instructor  in  the  Swedish  de- 
partment. Rev.  David  Nyvall,  M.  Ph.  C.,  instructor  in  the  Swedish 
department.  J.  R.  J.  Anthony,  instructor  in  elocution  on  the  J.  W.  Scoville 
endowment.  Rev.  Reinert  August  Jernberg,  B.  A.,  B.  D.,  instructor  in 
English  in  the  Scandinavian  departments.  In  addition  to  its  other  advantages 
the  seminary  has  a  library  containing  .9,400  volumes,  furnishing  adequate 
reference  material  for  students  The  library  is  open  eight  hours  each  day, 
and  the  reading  room  attached  to  it  is  supplied  with  the  leading  American 
and  European  reviews  and  religious  papers.  Recently  a  handsome  dormi- 
tory has  been  added  to  the  seminary.  It  was  foimerly  opened  at  the  close  of 
1890.  The  new  building  is  125  feet  by  150.  The  front  portion  is  five  stories 
and  the  rear  portion  four  stories  in  height.  The  lower  story  contains  four 
lecture  rooms,  parlor,  reception  room,  offices  and  studies  for  professors. 
The  npper  stories  are  used  entirely  for  a  dormitory,  and  have  accommoda- 
tions for  134  students.  The  main  building  faces  Ashland  ave.,  and  there  is 
a  wine  on  Warren  ave.  and  one  in  the  rear.  The  total  cost  of  the  buildirg 
was  $110,000. 


27xJ  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

De  La  Salle  Institute. — Opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils  September  7, 
1891;  located  northeast  corner  Wabash  ave.  and  Thirty -fifth  st.  In  charge  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Order  of  Christian  Brothers.  Pupils  of  all  creeds  are 
admitted.  The  ground  plan  of  the  building  is  quadrangular  in  outline  and 
has  a  total  frontage  of  259  feet.  The  building  is  constructed  of  pressed  brick, 
with  Portland  stone  facing.  The  entrance  is  on  Wabash  ave.  The  ground 
floor  is  apportioned  into  play-rooms  and  halls  for  gymnastic  exercises.  The 
first,  second  and  third  floors  are  devoted  to  recitation  halls,  class-rooms  and 
the  like. 

The  curriculum  of  studies  comprises  commercial,  scientific  and  classical 
courses,  with  all  the  branches  that  usually  belong  to  these  departments  in  the 
best  American  high  schools.  It  includes  religious  instruction,  arithmetic, 
reading  and  elocution,  penmanship,  composition  and  grammar,  English 
literature,  rhetoric,  history  and  geography,  mensuration,  natural  philosophy, 
algebra,  geometry,  trigonometry,  surveying  and  navigation,  book-keeping, 
telegraphy,  stenography,  type-writing,  commercial  law,  commercial  cor- 
respondence, Latin,  Greek,  German  and  French. 

Brother  Adjutor  and  twelve  associates  opened  their  first  school  in  this 
city  in  1878  at  St.  Patrick's  Church,  on  Desplaines  street.  The  remarkable 
success  of  that  institution  and  the  success  with  which  its  graduates  met  in 
their  battle  through  life  was  highly  gratifying  to  the  Christian  Brothers.  In 
1888  Brother  Adjutor  conceived  the  idea  of  erecting  a  magnificent  building. 
He  made  known  his  desires,  and  many  leading  citizens,  some  of  whom  were 
adherents  of  a  different  faith  than  his,  came  to  his  assistance  with  contribu- 
tions. The  corner-stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies  by  Archbishop 
Feehan  on  Sunday,  May  19,  1889.  Father  Dorney  delivered  the  address.  A 
bazaar  held  at  the  institution  in  the  latter  part  of  May,  1891,  netted  a  large 
sum,  which  was  applied  to  the  cost  of  the  building. 

Hyde  Park  Conservatory. — A  high-class  musical  and  dramatic  art  school; 
location  Fifty-third  street  and  Lake  avenue  (Hyde  Park).  The  courses  of 
study  generally  followed  in  first-class  conservatories  are  observed  here. 
Instruction  on  all  modern  musical  instruments  is  given,  as  well  as  in  elocution 
and  stage  business.  Geo.  W.  Kelsey,  director. 

Illinois  Military  Academy. — Located  at  Morgan  Park,  a  suburb  of  the  city, 
situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad,  thirteen  miles  from 
the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van  Buren  and  Sher- 
man streets.  A  boarding-school  for  young  men ,  conducted  on  the  West  Point 
plan.  The  students  are  known  as  cadets  and  are  uniformed.  The  course  of 
instruction  is  thorough,  and  at  the  same  time  the  physical  powers  are  devel- 
oped by  the  exercises  and  drills  for  which  the  Academy  is  noted.  Though 
it  is  a  boarding-school,  residents  of  the  town  can  enjoy  all  its  advantages  and 
still  have  their  sons  board  at  home.  The  school  building  cost  $40,000  and  is 
situated  on  the  hill  and  surrounded  by  a  drill-ground  of  fifteen  acres. 

Josephinum,  The. — Situated  at  Oakley  avenue  and  Thompson  street,  in 
the  northwestern  section  of  the  city.  The  institution  is  under  the  pastoral 
supervision  of  Father  Thiele,  of  St.  Aloysius  Church .  and  under  the  immediate 
charge  of  Sister  Superior  Edward  and  the  Sisters  of  Christian  Chnrity.  arr1  is 
for  the  instruc'ion  of  young  women.  The  course  of  study  admits  of  tlie 
ordinary  academic  branches,  together  with  a  thorough  course  in  practical 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  273 

housekeeping.  The  latter  course  is  a  new  venture  in  the  field  of  instruction 
and  will  be  the  principal  feature  of  the  school.  Those  attending  will  not 
only  receive  a  thorough  intellectual  and  Christian  training:,  but  they  will  also 
master  the  culinary  science.  The  .Tosepbinum  is  a  beautiful  structure  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  broad  expanse  of  prairie.  The  building  and  grounds  cost 
$LOJ,0<JO.  Tdere  are  accommodations  for  about  seventy -five  boarders  and  two 
hundred  day  pupils. 

Kenwood  Institute  for  Young  Ladies. — Located  at  "Kenwood."  Take 
Illinois  Central  train,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  sts.,  or  Cottage  Grove 
ave.  cable  cars.  The  Institute  is  located  on  Lake  ave.  and  Fiftieth  St.,  and  is 
in  charge  of  Mrs.  Helen  E.  Starrett,  an  accomplished  woman  and  a  writer  of 
some  celebrity.  It  was  founded  by  Mrs.  Kennicott,  wife  of  Dr.  Kennicott, 
in  1866,  and  has  been  a  fashionable  boarding-school  for  young  ladies  for 
several  years.  [See  "  Kenwood."] 

Lake  Forest  University. — Located  at  Lake  Forest,  a  suburb  of  Chicago, 
situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway, 
twenty-eight  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan. 
Take  train  at  Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts. ,  North  Side.  In  1853 
several  prominent  presbyterians  of  Chicago,  feeling  the  need  of  an  institu- 
tion where  young  men  might  be  trained  for  the  ministry,  decided  upon  the 
establishment  of  a  college.  There  was  nothing  of  the  kind  nearer  than  Lane 
Seminary  at  Cincinnati,  and  the  want  seemed  to  be  an  imperative  one.  The 
scheme  was  carried  through  by  the  Rev.  R.  W.  Patterson,  D.  D. ,  and  Charles 
H.  Quinlan,  M.  D.,  both  residing  at  present  at  Evanston.  A  committee  to 
look  for  a  site  had  their  attention  directed  to  the  present  location  by  the  Rev. 
Ira  M.  Weed,  of  Waukegan,  who  had  been  attracted  by  the  beautiful  situa- 
tion in  a  noble  forest,  150  feet  above  Lake  Michigan,  intersected  by  deep 
ravines. 

An  association,  known  as  the  Lake  Forest  Association,  was  formed  in 
1856,  $50,000  was  subscribed,  and  1,300  acres  of  land  was  purchased.  Half 
of  this,  in  alternate  lots,  was  in  1859  deeded  to  the  University  which  had 
been  chartered  by  the  Legislature,  February  13,  1857.  An  Academy  was 
begun  in  the  winter  of  1858,  and  continues  to  day  in  a  flourishing  condition. 
In  1869  Ferry  Hall  Seminary  for  young  ladies  was  opened,  and  in  1876  the 
college  began  with  its  first  class. 

The  Academy  is  one  of  the  finest  classical  schools  in  the  West,  and  its 
graduates  are  fitted  for  Harvard  and  Yale  as  well  as  for  the  home  college. 
Its  courses,  classical  and  scientific,  cover  four  years.  The  Ferry  Hall  Semin- 
ary, in  a  building,  which  with  its  thorough  equipment,  has  cost  $115,000,  furn- 
ishes an  education  for  young  women  who  do  not  care  to  attend  college, 
graduating  them  as  Bachelor  of  Letters  at  a  point  of  attainment  where  if 
desired  they  can  enter  a  sophomore  class.  Especial  attention  is  given  to 
physical  culture.  A  gymnasium,  has  been  fitted  up  with  every  variety  of 
mechanical  appliances  for  physical  training.  A  competent  instructor  is  in 
charge  and  all  are  required  to  take  gymnastic  exercise.  In  short,  at  Ferry 
Hall  the  pupils  can  have  all  the  advantages  of  a  home  and  of  a  first-class 
seminary. 


274  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

It  was  not  till  1878  that  the  college  entered  upon  its  era  of  prosperity. 
Then  the  college  hall  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $30.000,  and  the  college  opened 
with  a  faculty  of  seven  aqd  fifty  students.  In  1886  Dr.  Roberts  was  called 
to  the  presidency,  and  it  is  through  his  management  that  the  college  is  coding 
to  be  recognized  at  home  and  abroad.  Among  other  things  he  has  raised 
$700,000  for  the  college  and  has  caused  new  blood  to  be  infused  into  the  fac- 
ulty as  well  as  into  the  board  of  trustees.  During  his  presidency,  also,  the 
University  has  become  a  reality.  Rush  Medical  College  becoming  a  depart- 
ment in  1887,  the  Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery  in  1890,  and  the  Chicago 
College  of  Law  in  1889,  so  that  to-day  the  associate  schools  number  1.500 
students.  In  1891  the  finest  gymnasium  in  the  West  was  put  up  at  a  cost  of 
$30,000,  and  its  fine  equipment  makes  it  one  of  the  most  attractive  features  of 
the  University.  Nearly  completed  is  the  Durand  Art  Building,  a  handsome 
structure  of  red  sandstone,  three  stories  high.  The  cost  has  been  $60,000 
given  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  C.  Durand,  of  Lake  Forest.  This  building  will 
contain  an  art  gallery,  a  biological  laboratory,  and  the  college  auditorium  to 
seat  600. 

The  University  has  in  use  to  day  for  school  purposes  twelve  buildings 
at  Lake  Forest,  valued  at  $310,000,  on  65  acres  of  inalienable  parks  worth 
$85,000.  It  owns  in  addition  forty  acres  of  salable  town  lots  worth  $25,000. 
The  interest-bearing  endowment  funds  amount  to  $600,000,  in  addition  to 
which  there  is  $65,000  in  scholarship  funds. 

The  College  faculty  number  fifteen,  that  of  the  Academy  seven  and  that 
of  Ferry  Hall  fifteen.  There  are  113  students  in  the  college,  and  267  in  the 
other  two  schools. 

Lewis  Institute. — The  late  Allen  C.  Lewis  left  a  bequest  in  the  nature  of 
a  fund  to  be  used  in  the  establishrneijt  of  a  technical  school- of  the  highest 
order.  The  buildings  of  the  Institute  are  to  be  erected  on  the  property  at 
Van  Buren  and  Morgan  streets,  West  Side.  The  property  is  165x201  feet, 
the  longer  frontage  being  on  Van  Buren  street.  Title  goes  from  O.  W.  Bar- 
rett to  James  Adsit,  Hugh  A.  White,  and  Henry  F.  Lewis,  trustees  of  the 
Lewis  estate.  The  consideration  is  about  $100,000.  Thefund  now  amounts 
to  more  than  $1,000,000,  to  be  expended,  if  Mr.  Lewis'  wishes  are  followed, 
about  as  follows:  Two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  for  land  and  buildings, 
$50,000  for  books  and  apparatus,  and  $500,000  for  a  sustaining  fund.  Now 
that  the  fund  has  swollen  to  greater  proportions  by  one  third  than  Mr.  Lewis 
had  anticipated,  the  project  is  in  even  better  shape  than  he  thought  it  would 
be  at  the  time  fixed  by  him.  This  was  1885,  as  Mr.  Lewis  directed  that  the 
fund  should  be  allowed  to  increase  until  that  date,  or  until  it  reached  $800,- 
000.  While  no  plans  have  yet  been  drawn  it  is  known  that  the  building,  to 
be  a  structure  of  few  stories,  will  coverall  the  ground.  The  Institute  will  be 
patterned  in  a  general  way  after  the  Girard  College,  or  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology.  As  Mr.  Lewis  wished  the  Institute  to  include 
reading-rooms,  courses  of  lectures,  and  day  and  night  schools  for  young 
men  and  women,  these  features  will  undoubtedly  be  incorporated  in  the 
project. 

McCormick  Theological  Seminary. — Located  on  North  Halsted  street, 
between  Belden  and  Fullerton  avenues.  North  Side  ;  take  Lincoln  avenue 
cars.  North  Side  cable  line.  This  widely  known  and  successful  school  of 
sacred  learning,  organized  by  the  Presbyterian  Church  for  the  distinct  purpose 
of  training  young  men  to  preach  the  Gospel,  was  permanently  established  at 
Chicago  in  the  year  1859,  in  consideration  mainly  of  a  donation  of  one  hun- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  275 

dred  thousand  dollars,  made  to  the  General  Assembly  of  that  year  by  the  late 
Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  on  condition  of  Chicago's  being  chosen  as  the  loca- 
tion. Prior  to  this  date,  however,  the  institution  had  passed  through  an 
important  history  connecting  it  with  two  other  localities  and  extending  as  far 
back  as  the  year  1830.  It  was  first  organized  at  Hanover,  Indiana,  in  1830,  as  a 
department  of  the  Hanover  College,  where  it  was  taught  for  ten  years,  under 
the  instruction  of  Rev.  John  Matthews,  D.  D..  and  others,  during  which  time 
forty  five  students  were  educated  for  the  ministry.  In  1840  this  Theological 
Department  was  removed  by  the  Synods  in  charge  of  it,  and  re-established  as 
a  separate  theological  seminary  at  New  Albany,  Indiana,  with  the  title  of 
the  "New  Albany  Theological  Seminary," and  at  this  place  it  continued  for 
seventeen  years,  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  Matthews  and  Dr.  James  Wood 
till  the  death  of  the  foimer,  and  then  under  Drs.  MacMaster,  Stewart, 
Thomas  and  Lindsley.  During  this  second  period  147  students  were  edu- 
cated. In  1859,  by  the  concurrent  action  of  its  Board  of  Directors,  and  of  the 
seven  Northwestern  Synods  then  controlling  the  seminary  at  New  Albany, 
the  school  was  transferred  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  whole  Church. 
The  Assembly  having  received  Mr.  McCormick's  offer,  fixed  upon  Chicago  as 
the  most  fitting  place  for  the  "  Seminary  of  the  Northwest,"  and  at  once 
appointed  a  new- Board  of  Directors  and  a  new  faculty  to  open  the  school  at 
Chicago,  under  that  wider  designation.  The  professors,  appointed  by  the 
Assembly,  Drs.  N.  L.  Rice,  Willis  Lord,  L.  J.  Halsey  and  W.  M.  Scott,  were 
inaugurated  in  October,  1859,  and  with  fifteen  students  in  attendance,  this 
much  traveled  institution  entered  upon  its  third  and  now  more  hopeful  term 
of  service.  About  the  time  of  this  opening  the  broad  and  beautiful  grounds 
on  which  the  seminary  buildings  now  stand  were  donated  to  the  institution  by 
four  public-spirited  citizens  of  Chicago — twenty  acres  by  Messrs.  William  B. 
Ogden  and  Joseph  E.  Sheffield,  and  five  acres  by  Messrs.  William  Sill  and 
Michael  Diversej\  At  the  date  of  the  gift,  this  ground  wasvalued  at  one 
thousand  dollars  per  acre.  Now  it  is  probably  worth  fifteen  or  twenty  times 
as  much.  The  first  building  on  the  grounds,  now  known  as  the  "Ewing 
Hall, "was  erected  in  1863,  and  contains  thirty-five  rooms  for  students,  a 
reading  room  and  a  refectory.  The  second  building  was  erected  in  1875,  con- 
taining chapel,  library  and  two  lecture  rooms.  The  third,  McCormick  Hall, 
was  erected  in  1884,  containing  fifty-one  suites  of  rooms  for  students,  a  parlor 
and  a  faculty  office.  The  fourth  public  building,  Fowler  Hall,  was  erected 
in  1887,  and  contains  sixty-one  suites  of  rooms  for  students,  and  two  lecture 
rooms.  Besides  these,  five  houses  for  professors  have  been  erected  since 
1882. 

BUILDINGS. — This  fine  group  of  educational  buildings,  all  of  brick  and 
stone,  and  all  artistically  arranged  on  a  spacious  campus  of  grass  plots,  trees 
and  graveled  walks,  constitutes  an  attractive  feature  to  the  eye  of  the  visitor, 
and  makes  the  seminary  an  ornament  to  the  cfly.  Both  in  its  outward  adorn- 
ments and  in  the  completeness  of  all  its  internal  arrangements,  this  seminary 
is  probably  not  excelled  by  any  similar  institution  in  our  country.  These 
four  public  edifices,  including  the  five  residences  of  the  professors,  represent 
an  outlay  of  $315,000,  of  which  $285.000  were  contributed  by  Mr.  Cyrus  H. 
McCormick  and  his  family.  But  in  addition  to  this  large  outlay  on  buildings, 
Mr.  McCormick,  prior  to  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1884,  had  also,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  original  gift,  contributed  to  the  endowment  funds  of  the  seminary 
the  sum  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars.  And  after  his  death,  his  son, 
Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  McCormick  followed  up  these  great 


276  •    GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

gifts,  in  1885,  with  the  further  munificent  donation  of  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars.  In  consideration  of  a  liberality  so  long  continued  and  so  unusual,  the 
Board  of  Directors  and  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Seminary  took  concurrent 
action  in  1886,  asking  the  General  Assembly  to  so  amend  the  constitution  of 
the  Seminary  as  to^change  the  name  of  the  institution  from  its  old  title  of 
"Theological  Seminary  of  the  Northwest  "  to  that  of  "TheMcCormick  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  the  Presbyterian  Church."  This  measure,  adopted  by  a 
unanimous  vote  in  the  two  Seminary  Boards,  was  also  adopted  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  1886  by  a  vote  almost  unanimous. 

LIBRARY. — The  library  of  the  Seminary  contains  about  10,000  volumes, 
mostly  of  standard  theological  works.  With  the  ample  accommodations  in 
the  way  of  buildings  and  the  increased  facilities  for  study  secured  during  the 
last  five  or  six  years,  the  number  of  students  in  attendance  has  had  a  large  and 
steady  increase.  From  less  than  fifty,  the  roll  of  the  three  classes  has  gone 
up  with  each  year  until  it  reaches  one  hundred  and  ninety-six,  the  number 
now  in  the  institution.  The  present  faculty  consists  of  eight  instuetors,  all 
of  whom  except  one  have  been  inducted  into  their  chairs  since  1880;  and  the 
large  increase  of  students  is  no  doubt  largely  due  tothenewlife  and  vigor 
which  they  have  infused  into  their  work.  The  present  teaching  force  of  the 
institution  is  as  follows: 

FACULTY. — Rev.  LeRoy  J.  Halsey,  D.  D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  Emeritus  of 
Church  Government  and  the  Sacraments;  Rev.  Willis  G.  Craig,  D.D.,  LL.  D., 
Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology;  Rev. 
David  C.  Marquis,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  New  Testament  Literature  and 
Exegesis;  Rev.  Herrick  Johnson,  D.  D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric 

and  Pastoral  Theology; Professor  of  Old  Testament  Literature 

and  Exegesis;  Rev.  John  Di-Witt,  D.  D.,  LL.D.,  Professorof  Apologetics  and 
Missions;  Rev.  Andrew  C.  Zenos,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History;  Rev.  Augustus  S.  Carrier,  Adjunct  Professor  of  Biblical 
Philology. 

TUITION  CHARGES.  — This  Seminary  charges  students  no  fee  whatever — 
tuition,  use  of  Library  and  of  furnished  rooms  being  entirely  free.  Con- 
venient day  board  may  be  obtained  at  from  $£,00  to  *3.50  per  week.  Wash- 
ing 60  cents  per  dozen.  The  charge  to  each  studen'  Jar  steam  heat  is  $12.00, 
and  for  gas  $4.00.  Deserving  studentc,  whoce  circumstances  require  it, 
receive  aid  to  fc  limited  extent  from  the  scholarships  of  the  Seminary  and  from 
special  funds  contributed  for  this  purpose.  Students  needing  aid  should  ' 
apply  first  to  the  Board  of  Education  through  their  Presbyteries.  If  the 
Board's  Scholarship  should  prove  insufficient  an  additional  sum  will  be 
granted  from  the  scholarship  funds  of  the  Seminary.  But  the  aggregate 
amount  received  from  both  sources  shall  not  exceed  $200.00.  The  session 
for  study  is  seven  months.  This^eaves  a  continuous  vacation  of  five  months, 
during  which  period,  students  have  no  difficulty  in  finding  useful  and  remu- 
nerative employment  in  Mission  work.  Stated  preaching,  during  the  term, 
is  forbidden  by  the  rules  of  the  Faculty,  and  occasional  preaching  must  not 
interfere  with  required  Seminary  work. 

STUDENTS  ADMITTED. — This  institution  is  open  to  students  of  all  denom- 
inations of  Christians.  Its  object  is  the  thorough  training  of  young  men  for 
the  ministry  of  the  Gospel.  The  requisites  of  admission  are  a  consistent 
Christian  profession  in  connection  with  some  Evangelical  Church,  and  a  reg- 
ular course  of  collegiate  study.  Where  a  full  collegiate  course  has  not  been 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  277 

pursued,  a  special  recommendation  is  required  from  the  Presbytery.  Each 
student  should  bring  a  letter  of  church  standing  from  his  Pastor  or  Session, 
aid  also  hia  College  Diploma  or  other  testimonial  of  scholarship.  When 
students  come  from  other  Theological  Seminaries,  they  must  bring  evidence 
of  an  honorable  dismission.  Testimonials  should  be  furnished  on-applying 
for  admission. 

Morgan  Park  Female  Seminary. — Located  at  Morgan  Park,  a  suburb  of 
Chicago,  situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad,  thirteen 
miles  from  the  Court-house.  Take  train  at  Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van 
Buren  and  Sherman  sts.  This  institution  was  formerly  known  as  the 
Chicago  Female  Seminary.  It  is  located  opposite  the  "Illinois  Military 
Academy  in  a  natural  grove,  and  cost  $30,000.  Dr.  Gilbert  Thayer,  its  presi- 
dent, has  so  looked  after  the  welfare  of  those  committed  to  his  charge  that 
each  year  the  institution  has  grown  and  improved  till  it  now  ranks  with  the 
best  in  the  country.  Besides  pupils  from  Cook  county  and  Illinois,  there  are 
numbers  from  other  States. 

Morgan  Park  Theological  Seminary. — Located  at  Morgan  Park,  a  suburb 
of  Chicago,  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad,  thir- 
teen miles  from  the  city.  Take  train  at  Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van  Buren 
and  Sherman  sts.  The  Baptist  Theological  Union  founded  the  Seminary 
here  in  1877,  having  b«en  granted  a  tract  of  five  acres  by  the  citizens.  Imme- 
diately a  $30,000  building  was  erected.  Within  the  last  two  years  there  have 
been  added  a  spacious  library,  costing  $15,000,  and  well  stocked  with  a  collec- 
tion of  35,000  volumes.  Blake  Hall,  a  beautiful  structure,  containingthe  chapel, 
professors'  rooms  and  recitation  rooms,  has  also  lately  been  added  at  a  cost  of 
$35,000.  The  seminary  is  benevolent  in  its  character  and  the  largest  institution 
of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  The  course  of  study  is  three  years,  which 
is  free  to  the  students.  All  it  costs  them  is  living  expenses,  which  by 
system  is  reduced  to  minimum.  The  course  of  study  is  most  thorough, 
and  the  college  offers  unexcelled  facilities  for  research  into  biblical  literature, 
church  history,  homiletics  and  systematic  theology.  The  graduates  of 
Morgan  Park  Theological  Seminary  are  to-day  filling  many  of  the  best  pulpits 
in  the  land.  It  has  a  Dano-Norwegian  department  and  a  Swedish  depart- 
ment, and  now  many  of  the  regular  students  are  from  foreign  countries. 
The  faculty  contains  such  names  as  George  W.  Northrup.  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
president;  James  R.  Boise,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.;  B.  Hulburt,  D.  D.  The  latter 
was  a  short  time  ago  offered  the  presidency  of  Colgate  University,  formerly 
Madison  University,  of  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  but  refused,  that  he  might  continue 
his  life-work  begun  at  Morgan  Park.  [See Uuiversity  of  Chicago.] 

Northwestern  Oratorical  League. — The  leading  universities  of  the  North- 
west have  combined  to  form  the  Northwestern  Oratorical  League,  providing 
for  an  annual  contest,  to  be  held  at  each  college  in  rotation  the  first  Friday  in 
May.  These  colleges  are  the  Northwestern  University,  of  Evanston;  Mich- 
igan University,  of  Ann  Arbor;  Oberlin,  Ohio;  and  Wisconsin  State  Uni- 
versity, of  Madison,  Wis.  An  executive  committee,  consisting  of  president, 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  league  has  charge  of  the  business  details.  They 
also  are  empowered  to  select  the  six  judges  of  contest,  three  of  whom  grade 
composition  and  thoughts,  and  three  judge  the  delivery.  In  addition  to 
specifying  an  impartial  selection  of  judges,  each  college  association  may 
^remove  two  on  protest.  The  prizes  are  of  $100  and  $50  each . 

The  method  of  selecting  contestants  is  left  to  the  decision  of  each  college 
association .  At  Northwestern  the  contestants  will  probably  be  selected  from 
the  junior  and  senior  classes  by  a  series  of  preliminary  contests. 


278  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Northwestern  University. — An  institution  under  the  control  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  church,  but  entirely  unsectarian  in  its  government  and  admin- 
istration, was  chartered  January  28,  1851.  The  seat  of  the  college  of  liberal 
arts,  the  academic  department,  and  the  college  of  music,  oratory  and  theol- 
ogy is  at  Evanston,  a  village  of  10,000  inhabitants,  twelve  miles  north  of 
Chicago,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Take  Northwestern  train  (Mil- 
waukee division)  at  Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  or  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St  Paul  train  (Evanston  division)  at  Union  depot,  Adams  and 
Canal  ats.  Trains  run  at  brief  intervals  through  the  day.  Excursion  tickets 
60  cents.  Visitors  may  in  the  course  of  a  morning  or  afternoon  make  a  trip 
to  Evanston,  giving  abundant  opportunity  for  an  inspection  of  the  grounds 
and  buildings  of  the  University.  The  most  noteworthy  of  the  buildings  of  the 
Evanston  departments  of  the  University  are  the  following:  University  Hall, 
Science  Hall,  the  Gymnasium,  Heck  Hall,  Memorial  Hall,  the  new  Dormi- 
tory, the  Swedish  Seminary,  the  Dearborn  Observatory.  These  buildings 
are  all  on  the  campus  of  the  University.  A  short  distance  west  of  the 
campus  are  the  following  buildings:  Woman's  College,  College  cottage,  and 
the  Norwegian-Danish  Theological  Seminary.  The  colleges  of  medicine,  law, 
pharmacy,  and  dentistry  are  located  in  Chicago,  in  proximity  to  the  hospitals 
and  the  courts  of  law.  The  first  president  of  the  University  was  Rev.  Dr. 
Clark  T.  Hinman.  The  complete  list  of  presidents  up  to  date  is  as  follows: 
1853-1856,  Rev.  C.  T.  Hinman,  D.  D.;  1856-1860,  Rev.  R.  S.  Foster,  D.  D., 
now  Bishop  Foster;  1869-1872,  Rev.  E.  O.  Haven,  D.  D.;  1872-1881,  Rev. 

C.  H.  Fowler,  D.  D.,  now  Bishop  Fowler;  1881-1890,  Rev.  Joseph  Cumming? 

D.  D. ;  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.  D.,  the  present  incumbent,  was  elected  to 
the  presidency  in  the  summer  of  1890. 

COLLEGE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. — The  College  of  Liberal  Arts  is  the  center  of 
the  entire  University  system.  This  department,  located  at  Evanston,  offers 
courses  of  study  leading  to  the  following  degrees:  A.  B.  Ph.  B.,  B.  S.,  B.  L. 
The  requirements  to  admission  to  these  courses  are  as  follows: 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  ADMISSION:  Candidates  for  admission  must  be  at 
least  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  must  present  satisfactory  evidence  of  good 
moral  character. 

ADMISSION  OF  CANDIDATES  FOR  A  DEGREE:  A  student  desiring  to  become 
a  candidate  for  a  degree,  unless  admitted  by  a  certificate  from  an  accredited 
school,  must  pass  examination  in  some  one  of  the  groups  of  subjects  described 
below. 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  BACHELOR  OF  ARTS:  Candidates  for  admission  will 
be  examined  in  the  following  subjects: 

1.  English  Language,  Grammar,  Elementary  Rhetoric. 

2.  English  Literature. — The  examination  in  1892  will  be  in  the  following 
works:     Shakespeare's  Julius  Caesar,  Scott's  Ivanhoe,  Hawthorne's  House  of 
the  Seven  Gables  and  Longfellow's  Evangeline.    Those  who  do  not  bring  satis- 
factory certificates  will  be  asked  to  write  an  essay  on  any  one  of  the  above 
works.     The  essay  must  show  familiarity  with  the  plot,   incidents  and  char- 
acters of  the  work,  and  be  correct  in  spelling  and  expression. 

For  1893:  Shakpeare's  Julius  Caesar  and  Twelfth  Night,  Scott's  Mar- 
mion,  Longfellow's  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish,  the  Sir  Roger  de  Coverly 
Papers  in  the  Spectator,  Macaulay's  second  Essay  on  the  Earl  of  Chatham, 
Emerson's  American  Scholar,  Irving's  Sketch  Book,  Scott's  Ivanhoe  and 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  279 

Dickens'  David  Copperfield.  For  1894:  Shakespeare's  Julius  Csesar  and 
Merchant  of  Venice,  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Matthew  Arnold's  Sohrab  and 
Rustrun,  the  Sir  Roger  de  Coverly  Papers  in  the  Spectator,  Macaulay's  second 
Essay  on  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  Emerson's  American  Scholar,  Irving's  Sketch 
Book,  Scott's  Abbott,  Dickens'  David  Copperfield. 

3.  History — Smith's  Smaller  History  of  Greece;  Smith's  Smaller  History 
of  Rome;  Johnston's  History  of  the  United  States. 

4.  Geography — Political  Geography,  Ancient  and  Modern  ;    and  Hous- 
ton's Physical  Geography. 

5.  Physics — First  five  chapters  of  Avery's  Elements  of  Natural  Philoso- 
phy. 

6.  Human  Anatomy  and  Physiology — Martin's  Human  Body  (Briefer 
Course. 

7.  Mathematics — Arithmetic:    Loomis's    or    Wells's    College    Algebra, 
through  Radicals  and  Quadratics;  Plane  Geometry. 

8.  Latin — Grammar  (including  Prosody);  Caesar's  Commentaries,  four 
books;  Cicero,  six  orations;  Vergil,  Bucolics,  and  six  books  of  the  ^Eneid; 
the  translation,  at  sight,  of  passages  from  Csesar  or  Cicero;   Jones's  Latin 
Composition,  or  an  equivalent. 

9.  Greek — Grammar;  Xenophon's  Anabasis,  three  books;  Homer's  Iliad; 
three  books;  Jones's  Greek  Composition. 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  BACHELOR  OP  PHILOSOPHY.     Candidates  for  admis- 
sion will  be  examined  in  the  following  subjects: 

1.  English  Language — Grammar;  Elementary  Rhetoric. 

2.  English  Literature.     The  same  requirements  as  candidates  for  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts. 

3.  History — History  of  Greece;  History  of  Rome;  Johnson's  History  of 
the  United  States. 

4.  Geography — Political  Geography,  Ancient  and  Modern;  and  Hous- 
ton's Physical  Geography. 

5.  Physics — First  five  chapters  of  Avery's  Elements  of  Natural  Philoso- 
phy- 

6.  Human  Anatomy  and  Physiology — Martin's  Human  Body  (Briefer 
Course). 

7.  Mathematics — Arithmetic,    Loomis's    or    Well's    College    Algebra, 
through  Radicals  and  Quadraiics;  Plane  Geometry. 

8.  Latin — Grammar  (including  Prosody):    Caesar's  Commentaries,  four 
books;  Cicero,  six  orations;  Vergil,  Bucolics,  and  six  books  of  the  ^Eneid; 
the  translation,  at  sight,  of  passages  from  Csesar  or  Cicero;  Jones'  Latin  Com- 
position. 

9.  German  or  French.     German— Joynes-Meissner's  Grammar,  part  I.; 
Joynes'  Reader;    von  Hillern's  Holier  als  die  Kirche;     Uliland's  Ballads. 
French — Edgren's  Grammar  ;    Super's  Reader  ;    Daudet's    Coutes  Choisis, 
Halevy's  L'Abbe  Constantin,  or  equivalent. 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  BACHELOR  OF  SCIENCE.     Candidates  for  admis- 
sion will  be  examined  in  the  following  subjects  : 

1.  English  Language— Grammar;  Elementary  Rhetoric. 

2.  English  Literature.     The  same  requirement  as  for  candidates  for  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts. 

3.  History — Johnston's  History  of  the  United  States. 

4.  Geography — The  applicant  must  be  prepared  in  Physical  Geography, 
and  be  able  to  draw  an  outline  map  of  any  country  or  state,  and  loo  rite  therein 
the  principal  towns,  rivers,  and  mountaiiis. 


280  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

5.  Physics — Avery's  Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy  entire. 

6.  Human  Anatomy  and  Physiology — Martin's  Human  Body  (Briefer 
Course.) 

7.  Zoology — Packard's  Elements  of  Zoology. 

8.  Botany — Gray's  Lessons,  and  the  ability  to  analyze  common  flowering 
plants;  an  Herbarium  of  fifty  species. 

9.  Mathematics  —  Arithmetic  (familiarity  with   the  metric  system  of 
weights  and  measures  required);  Loomis's  or  Well's  College  Algebra,  through 
Radicals  and  Quadratics;  Plane  Geometry. 

10.  Astronomy — Young's  Elements. 

11.  Latin — Jones's  Latin  Lessons,  and  two  books  of  Cresar's  Commen- 
taries. 

12.  German — Joynes'  Meissner's  Grammar,  part  I,  (or  equivalent);  Joy- 
nes'  Reader;  von  Hillern's  Hoher  als  die  Kirche;  Uhland's  Ballads. 

13.  French — Whitney's  French  Grammar,  and  selections  of  standard 
prose  and  poetry  not  less  in  quantity  than  four  hundred  pages. 

14.  Drawing — Elements  of  Free  Hand  and  Geometrical  Drawing,  such 
a  knowledge  of  the  subject  as  may  be  gained  by  practice  under  instruction 
one  hour  a  week  through  the  year.     Candidates  may  offer  Chemistry  in  place 
of  one  of  the  three  language  requirements,  viz. :    Latin,  French,  German. 
Those  availing  themselves  of  this  substitution  will  be  expected  to  complete 
the  full  amount  of  French  and  German  prescribed  for  the  degree.     The 
Chemistry  should  be  equivalent  to  Remsen's  Briefer  Course,  or  Clarke's  or 
Shepard's  Elements,  and  should  include  laboratory  work.    As  evidence  of 
the  latter,  the  student's  original  note-book  should  be  presented  with  the 
instructor's  certificate. 

For  tfie  Degree  of  Baclielor  of  Letters.  Candidates  for  admission  will  be 
examined  on  the  following  subjects  : 

1.  English  Language — Grammar,  Elementary  Rhetoric. 

2.  English  Literature — The  same  requirements  as  for  candidates  for  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts. 

3.  History — History  of  Greece,  History  of  Rome,  Johnston's  History  of 
the  United  States,  Montgomery's  History  of  England. 

4.  Geography — Political  (Barnes'  Common  School)  and  Houston's  Physi- 
cal Geography. 

5.  Physics — Avery's  Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Dynamics,  Elec- 
tricity and  Magnetism. 

6.  Human  Anatomy  and  Physiology — Martin's  Human  Body  (Briefer 
Course). 

7.  Botany — Gray's  Manual  of  Botany. 

8.  Mathematics — Arithmetic;    Loomis's  or    Wells's    College    Algebra, 
through  Radicals  and  Quadratics;  Plane  Geometry. 

9.  Latin,  French  or  German.     Candidates  may  offer  either  Latin,  French 
or  German.     The  requirement  is  supposed  to  represent  the  work  of  two  years, 
and  in  each  language  is  as  follows : 

Latin — Jones'  Latin  Lessons,  four  books  of  Caesar's  Commentaries,  with 
Latin  Composition  based  on  Caesar's  vocabulary  and  idioms;  two  orations  of 
Cicero  and  two  books  of  Virgil's  ^Eneid,  or  satisfactory  equivalents. 

French — First  year.  Edgren's  Grammar ;  Super's  Reader  ;  Daudet's 
Coutes  Choisis  ;  Halevy's  L'Abbe  Constantin  (or  equivalents ;  Grandgent's 
French  Composition,  based  on  Super's  Reader. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  281 

Second  year.  Super's  Readings  from  French  History;  L'Ami  Fritz  (or 
equivalent);  Lacombe's  Petite  Histoire  du  Peuple  Francais;  Hugo's  Hernani 
or  Ruy  Bias;  Grandgeut's  French  Composition,  based  on  L'Abbe  Constantin. 

German — First  year.  Joynes-Meissner's  Grammar,  Part  I.  (or  equiva- 
lent); Joynes'  Reader;  von  Hillern's  Holier  als  die  Kirche;  Uhland's  Ballads. 

Second  year.  Schiller's  Ballads,  Wilhelm  Tell;  Lessing's  Minna  von 
Bornhelm;  Goethe's  Egmont;  Joynes-Meissner's  Grammar,  Part  III. 

10.     The  elements  of  one  of  the  following  sciences.     The  requirement  in 
each  subject  is  equivalent  to  the  work  of  one  year,  and  is  as  follows : 

Botany — Gray's  Manual  of  Botany. 

Chemistry — The  Chemistry  should  be  equivalent  to  Remsen's  Briefer 
Course,  or  Clark's  or  Shepard's  Elements,  and  should  include  laboratory  work. 
As  evidence  of  the  latter  the  student's  original  note-book  should  be  presented 
with  the  instructor's  certificate. 

Zoology — Packard's  Elements  of  Zoology.    * 

SELECTED  STUDIES. — Students  who  do  not  seek  a  degree  are  permitted  to 
attend  recitations  and  lectures  under  the  following  conditions: 

1.  The  candidate  must  first  enter  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  by  passing 
one  of  the  entrance  examinations.     This  rule,  however,  may  be  waived  by 
action  of  the  Faculty  in  rare  cases  in  the  interest  of  students  of  special  ability 
and  maturity. 

2.  Each  Professor  will  judge  of  the  fitness  of  applicants  to  pursue  special 
branches  in  his  department. 

3.  Unless  specially  excused,  special  students  will  be  required  to  con- 
form to  the  same  rules  of  order  as  regular  students — such  as  attendance  upon 
prayers,  public  worship  and  rhetorical  exercises. 

Students  who  have  pursued  selected  studies  with  success  for  at  least  six 
terms  are  entitled  to  a  certificate. 

Those  who  desire  to  pursue  selected  studies  with  the  view  of  ultimately 
entering  the  Medical  School  are  recommended  to  pass  the  entrance  examina- 
tion for  candidates  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 

EXAMINATIONS. — The  regular  days  of  examination  for  admission  to  the 
College  of  Liberal  Arts  are  the  Monday  next  before  Commencement  and  the 
Tuesday  next  before  the  opening  of  the  College  year.  The  first  regular 
examination  for  the  year  1892  will  beheld  on  June  20th,  and  the  second  on 
September  15th.  Candidates  may  be  examined  and  admitted  at  other  times; 
they  are  advised,  however,  to  enter  at  the  beginning  of  the  year.  Candi- 
dates for  admission  should  be  at  least  sixteen  years  of  age  and  must  present 
testimonials  of  good  moral  character. 

Candidatesfor  advanced  standing  are  not  admitted  later  than  January  of 
the  year  in  which  they  expect  to  graduate.  All  students  from  other  Colleges 
must  present  evidence  of  honorable  Qismission,  and  must  give  satisfactory 
proof  of  preparation;  for  the  classes  which  they  desire  to  enter. 

Candidates  for  admission  are  requested  to  bring  from  their  teachers  cer- 
tificates giving  in  detail  the  amount  and  grade  of  their  preparatory  work. 
Blanks  of  the  desired  form  will  be  supplied  by  the  University  on  application. 
These  certificates  will  receive  due  credit  in  determining  the  proficiency  of  the 
candidate.  Graduates  of  accredited  Academies  and  High  Schools  who  pre- 
sent certificates  showing  satisfactory  standing  in  studies  required  for  admis- 
sion to  College  will  be  admitted  without  examination,  but  such  certificates 
will  not  be  accepted  for  studies  pursued  in  the  College  courses. 


282  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Near  the  middle  of  the  first  term  a  special  examination  is  appointed  as  a 
test  of  the  preparation  of  students  provisionally  admitted.  Students  who  are 
admitted  by  certificate  are  notconsidered  matriculated  until  they  have  main- 
tained satisfactory  standing  in  their  classes  for  one  term. 

COLLEGE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS.— Faculty :  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.D.,  presi- 
dent ;  Daniel  Bonbright,  LL.  D.,  professor  of  Latin ;  Oliver  Marcy,  LL.  D., 
professor  of  natural  history  ;  Julius  F.  Kellogg,  A.  M.,  professor  of  mathe- 
matics ;  Herbert  F.  Fisk.'D.  D. ,  prof  essor  of  pedagogics;  Robert  L.  Cum- 
nock,  A.  M.,  professor  of  rhetoric  and  elocution  ;  Robert  Baird,  A.  M.,  pro- 
fessor of  Greek  ;  Charles  W.  Pearson,  A.  M. ,  professor  of  English  literature  ; 
Robert  D.  Sheppard,  D.  D.,  professor  of  history  and  political  ecorfomy  ; 
Abrain  V.  E.  Young,  Ph.  B.,  professor  of  chemistry;  Charles  8.  Cook,  B. 
S.,  professor  of  Physics  ;  George  W.  Hough,  A.  M.,  professor  of  Astronomy; 
James  Taft  Hatfield,  Ph.  D. ,  prof  essor  of  "German  ;  Eliakim  H.  Moore,  Ph. 
I).,  associate  professor  of  mathematics,  Charles  B.  Atwell,  Ph.  M.,  professor 
of  natural  history  ;  George  A.  Coe,  Ph.  D.,  acting  professor  of  philosophy  ; 
Emily  F.  Wheeler,  acting  professor  of  romance  languages  ;  George  H.  Hors- 
weU,  Ph.  D.,  assistant  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  ;  William  E.  Smyser,  B. 
A.,  instructor  in  English  ;  P.  S.  Stollhofen,  Ph.  D.,  instructor  in  French  and 
German;  John  A.  Scott,  A.  B..  instructor  in  Greek  ;  George  W.  Schmidt, 
Ph.  B.,  instructor  in  German  ;  Francis  A.  Walker,  LL.  D.,  lecturer  on  Fi- 
nance; Carroll  D.  Wright,  A.  M.,  lecturer  on  statistics;  Albert  Shaw,  Ph.  D., 
lecturer  on  government  of  cities;  Edward  W.  Bemis,  Ph.  D.,  lecturer  on 
economics  ;  Franklin  H.  Giddings,  Ph.  D.,  lecturer  on  sociology. 

WOMAN'S  COLLEGE. — Northwestern  University  is  a  co-educational  insti- 
tution. In  1873  the  trustees  of  the  University  purchased  the  grounds, 
buildings  and  apparatus  of  the  "  Evanston  College  for  Ladies,"  forthepurpose 
of  combining  and  making  available  all  tbc  special  means  and  advantages  of 
both  institutions  for  the  college  education  of  women.  Young  women  are 
admitted  to  all  the  undergraduate  departments  and  to  all  the  professional 
schools  with  the  single  exception  of  the  College  of  Medicine.  The  Woman's 
College,  a  large  brick  structure  completely  equipped,  is>  located  on  ground 
of  its  own,  about  three  minutes'  "walk  from  the  University  campus  in  Evan- 
ston. To  accommodate  the  many  young  ladies  who  desire  to  secure  an  edu- 
cation at  a  cost  somewhat  less  than  the  regular  rates,  the  ' '  College  Cottage," 
a  brick  building  near  the  Woman's  College,  has  been  erected.  The  young 
ladies  in  this  building  have  charge  of  a  large  share  of  the  domestic  arrange- 
ments, and  expenses  are  thereby  greatly  reduced.  Co-educalion  has  been 
found  to  work  successfully  at  Northwestern,  and  experience  shows  the 
ladies  to  be  in  every  respect  the  equals  of  the  young  men  in  college  work. 

PREPARATORY  SCHOOL. — Owing  to  the  lack  of  good  secondary  schools 
the  University  found  it  necessary  many  years  ago  to  establish  its  own  pre- 
paratory department.  In  this  school  the  advanced  grade  of  scholarship 
which  the  University  seeks  to  maintain  may  be  begununder  the  direct  super- 
vision of  the  authorities  of  the  University.  The  number  of  students  in  the 
preparatory  departments  has  steadily  grown  until  during  1890  there  were 
nearly  700  students  in  attendance,  an  increase  of  100  per  cent,  in  about 
four  years.  The  graduates  of  this  department  pass,  in  general,  to  the 
Freshman  Class  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  but  many  here  complete  their 
preparations  for  Eastern  colleges.  The  applicant  should  be  at  least  thirteen 
years  of  age,  and  must  have  such  proficiency  as  to  be  able  in  one  term  to 
complete  Geography,  and  in  two  terms  to  complete  Arithmetic  and  English 


ME   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  283 

grammar.  Faculty:  Rev.  Herbert  F.  Fisk,  D.  D.,  principal  ;  Rev.  Joseph 
L.  Morse,  A.  M.,  assistant  principal ;  Charles  B.  Thwing,  A.  M.,  instructor 
in  physics  ;  Ada  Townsend,  A.  B.,  .instructor  in  Latin  ;  Charles  H.  Gordon, 
M.  S.,  instructor  in  natural  history  ;  George  W.  Schmidt.  Ph.  B.,  instructor 
in  German  ;  Henry  Benner,  M.  S.,  instructor  in  mathematics  ;  John  A.  Scott, 
B.  A.,  instructor  in  Greek  ;  Charles  H.  Zimmerman,  B.  A.,  instructor  in 
Latin  ;  Effie  K.  Price,  A.  B.,  instructor  in  English  ;  Louise  Pearsons,  A.  B., 
instructor  in  mathematics ;  Arthur  H.  Wilde,  A.  B.,  B.  D.,  instructor  in 
Latin  ;  John  A.  Walz,  instructor  in  French  ;  Zuba  E.  Ferguson,  instructor  in 
drawing. 

GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE. —The  faculty  is  as  follows:  Rev.  Henry 
B.  Ridgaway,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  president;  Rev.  Miner  Raymond,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.; 
Rev.  Charles  F.  Bradley,  D.  D.;  Rev.  Milton  6.  Terry,  D.  D.;  Rev.  Charles 
W.  Bennett,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.;  Robert  L.  Cumnock,  A.  M.;  Rev.  Charles  Hors- 
well,  A.  M.,  B.  D.;  Rev.  Nels  E.  Simonsen,  A.  M.,  B.  D.  The  Garrett  Bib- 
lical Institute,  the  theological  department  of  the  University,  has  been  in 
operation  since  1856.  It  is  open  to  all  young  men  from  any  evangelical 
church  who  are  proper  persons  to  study  in  preparation  for  the  Christian  min- 
istry. It  is  supported  by  the  income  from  property  in  the  city  of  Chicago 
bequeathed  as  a  perpetual  foundation  by  the  late  Mrs.  Eliza  Garrett.  It  is 
essential  that  those  who  enter  this  school  should  have  good  preparation  in 
previous  study.  The  regular  course  of  study  extends  through  three  years  and 
leads  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Divinity.  There  is  a  diploma  course  and 
an  Eclectic  English  course  for  those  who  are  not  classical  graduates  of  a  col- 
lege. In  connection  with  the  theological  school  there  is  a  Norwegian-Danish 
department.  Rev.  Nels  E.  Simonsen,  A.  M.,  B.  D.,  is  principal. 

SWEDISH  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY. — The  Swedish  Theological  Seminary 
was  established  in  188^  and  is  the  only  school  of  its  kind  under  the  patronage 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  "From  this  school  preachers  are  sent  out 
to  nearly  every  State  in  the  Union.  It  was  called  into  existence  to  meet  the 
urgent  and  increasing  demands  for  educated  pastors  and  missionaries  among 
the  Swedish  population  in  the  United  States.  Rev.  Albert  Ericson,  A.  M.,  is 
president,  and  Rev.  C.  G.  Wallenius  is  assistant  professor. 

SCHOOL  OF  ORATORY. — The  School  of  Oratory,  under  the  direction  of 
Prof.  R.  L.  Cumnock,  A.  M.,  the  noted  elocutionist,  has  become  widely 
known  and  is  largely  attended.  Students  from  other  colleges,  while  prepar- 
ing for  various  oratorical  contests,  frequently  come  to  Northwestein  for 
special  training  in  this  school.  A  high  standard  of  oratory  is  maintained  at 
Northwestern,  and  the  prize  speaking  at  commencement  brings  together  a 
great  audience.  The  College  of  Oratory  offers  a  two  years'  course  of  study 
and  gives  to  its  graduates  a  certificate  of  graduation. 

CONSERVATORY  OF  Music. — The  Conservatory  of  Music  has  for  some  time 
been  one  of  the  prominent  departments  of  the  University.  It  affords  facilities 
for  a  thorough  and  systematical  education  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  music. 
Pupils  in  music  are  advised  to  pursue  at  the  same  time  some  studies  in  one  of 
the  literary  departments  of  the  University.  Four  courses  of  study  are  offered, 
each  occupying  four  years.  Faculty — Piano,  P.  C.  Lutkiu,  Allen  H.  Spencer, 
Mamie  C.  Lull,  Cornelia  Hopkins,  Jennie  Sanborn;  voice  culture,  J.  Harry 
Wheeler,  Edith  Gale;  organ,  P.  C.  Lutkin,  Wm.  H.  Cutter;  theory  and  com- 
position, P.  C.  Lutkin;  harp,  Julia  Phelps;  violin,  Joseph  Vilim;  guitar  and 
banjo,  Geo.  H.  Bowers;  sight-reading  and  chorus  classes,  William  Smedley. 


284  GUIDE  TO  .CHICAGO. 

ASTRONOMICAL,  DEPARTMENT. — The  astronomical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity is  located  at  Evanston.  The  new  observatory,  a  stone  building  eighty- 
one  feet  in  length  by  seventy-one  feet  in  breadth,  includes  a  dome  for  the 
great  equatorial  telescope,  a  meridian  circle  room,  a  library  and  eight  addi- 
tional rooms  for  other  purposes.  The  great  Dearborn  telescope,  an  equatorial 
refractor,  was  made  by  Alvan  Clark  &  Sons,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1861. 
This  insturment  was  the  largest  refractor  in  the  world  until  a  few  years  ago, 
and  now  has  few  superiors.  The  observatory  will  be  open  to  visitors  on 
Thursday  evening  of  each  week  by  previous  arrangement  with  the  director. 
Visitors  may  also  be  admitted  at  other  times  by  making  special  arrangements 
with  the  president  of  the  University  or  the  director  of  the  observatory. 

The  location  of  the  observatory  is  on  the  lake  shore,  about  half  a  mile 
north  of  the  main  buildings  of  the  university.  While  in  this  vicinity  the 
visitor  should  visit  the  Evanston  Water  Works  and  Grosse  Point  Light  House, 
which  are  located  a  little  farther  to  the  north.  There  is  a  magnificent  drive 
along  the  lake  shore  here  also,  extending  north  to  Fort  Sheridan,  or  a  re'urn 
may  be  made  upon  the  old  Green  B  ly  road,  which  is  met  after  a  circuit 
around  the  point,  and  carries  the  visitor  back  on  Ridge  ave. ,  the  finest  resi- 
dence street  in  Evanston.  Prom  Grosse  Point  may  be  witnessed  the  most 
dangerous  roadway  on  the  lake,  and  the  one  most  frequented  by  vessels. 
Dense  fogs  settle  here  through  the  navigation  season,  and  for  the  protection 
of  shipping  the  Government  has  located  a  fog-horn  in  the  vicinity. 

CHICAGO  DEPARTMENTS. — The  Chicago  departments  of  the  University 
include  the  Medical  School,  Law  School,  School  of  Pharmacy,  and  Dental 
School. 

THE  MEDICAL  SCHOOL. — The  Northwestern  University  Medical  School, 
formerly  known  as  the  Cbicago  Medical  College,  is  located  in  Chicago,  adjoin- 
ing the  Mercy  Hospital.     The  course  of  study  is  graded;  it  extends  over  three 
years,  and  leads  to  the  Degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.     Students  who  begin 
their  medical  studies  in  this  college  are  required  to  take  three  full  courses  of 
lectures.    Applicants  for  admission  must  present  diplomas  or  certificates  from 
recognized  colleges,  schools  of  science,  academies,  high  schools,  or  teachers' 
certificates  of  the  first  or  second  grade,  or  sustain  an  examination  in  the 
following  subjects:     1.  English — The  writing  of  a  composition,  in  the  form 
of  a  letter,  of  not  less  than  three  hundred  words,  relatiug  to  some  well  known 
recent  event ;  the  subject  to  be  announced  at  the  time  of  the  English  exami- 
nation.   2.  Arithmetic — Prime  and  composite  numbers,  factors,  divisors  and 
multiples;  proportion;  decimals,  including  percentage;  simple  and  compound 
interest  and  discount,  but  not  the  technical  parts  of  commercial  arithmetic: 
English  weights  and  measures  and  the  metric  system.     3.   Geography — A 
reasonable  familiarity  with  the  principal  facts  in  physical  and  civil   geog- 
raphy, as  taught  in  the  public  schools.    4.  At  the  option  of  the  candidate, 
either  one  of  the  following  subjects:    (a)  Latin — The  translation  into  Eng- 
lish of  a  short  passage  of  average  difficulty  from  one  of  the  first  four  books 
of  Ctesar's  "  Commentaries  on  the  Gallic  War,"  and  the  answering  of  ele- 
mentary questions  relating  to  the  grammar  of  the  passage,     (b)  German — 
The  translation  into  English  of  short  passages  of  average  difficulty  from 
"Whitney's  German  Reader,"  and  the  answering  of  elementary  questions 
relating  to  the  grammar  of  the  passages,    (c)  Physics — Balfour  Stewart,  or 
its  equivalent.     Exception — Special   students,  not  candidates  for  the  degree 
of  M.  D.,  will  be  admitted  without  the  presentation  of  diplomas  or  certifi- 


sj 

o    > 

u  < 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  -        285 

cates,  and  without  the  examination  mentioned  above.  Faculty:  Henry  "Wade 
Rogers,  LL.  D.,  president;  Edward  O.  F.  Roler,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor 
emeritus  of  obstetrics;  Nathan  S.  Davis,  M.  D. ,  LL.  D.,  Dean,  professor  of 
principles  and  practice  of  medicine  and  clinical  medicine;  Edmund  Andrews, 
M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  treasurer,  professor  of  clinical  surgery;  Ralph  N.  Isham, 
A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  principles  and  practice  of  surgery  and  clinical 
surgery;  John  H.  Hollister,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  clinical  medicine; 
Samuel  J.  Jones,  M.  D..LL.  D.,  professor  of  ophthalmology  and  otology; 
Marcus  P.  Hatfield,  A.M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  diseases  of  children;  JohnH. 
Long,  Sc.  D.,  professor  of  chemistry  and  director  of  chemical  labratory; 
Emilius  Clark  Dudley,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  gynaecology;  John  E. 
Owens,  M.  D. ,  professor  of  principals  and  practice  of  surgery  and  clinical 
surgery;  Oscar  C.  DeWolf,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  state  medicine  and  public 
hygiene;  Frederick  C.  Schaefer,  M.  D.,  professor  of  descriptive  anatomy; 
Isaac  N.  Danforth,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  clinical  medicine;  William  E. 
Casselberry,  M.  D.,  professor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  laryn- 
gology and  rhinology:  William  W.  Jaggard,  A.M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of 
obstetrics;  Nathan  S.  Davis,  Jr.,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  principles  and 
practice  of  medicine;  Frank  8.  Johnson,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  general 
pathology  and  pathological  anatomy;  Frank  Billings,  M.  S.,  M.  D. ,  secre- 
tary, professor  of  physical  diagnosis  and  clinical  medicine  and  lecturer  on 
practice  of  medicine;  E.  Wyllys  Andrews,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  clin- 
ical surgery;  Frank  T.  Andrews,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  histology; 
George  W.  Webster,  M.  D.,  professor  of  physiology;  Joseph  Zeisler.M  .  D., 
professor  of  dermatology  and  syphilis;  Herbert  H.  Frothingham,  M.  D., 
professor  of  descriptive  anatomy;  Elbert  Wing,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of 
nervous  and  mental  diseases,  and  medical  jurisprudence;  William  E.  Morgan, 
M.  D.,  lecturer  on  operative  surgery  and  surgical  anatomy;  George  S.  Isham, 
A.  M.,M  D.,  clinical  assistant  to  professor  of  surgery;  John  D.  Kales,  M. 
D.,  demonstrator  of  pathology;  Rufus  G.  Collins,  M.  D.,  demonstrator  of 
obstetrical  operations;  Thomas  Benton  Swartz,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  demonstrator 
of  anatomy  and  clinical  assistant  in  gynaecology ;  Horace  M.  Starkey,  M.  D., 
clinical  lecturer  on  ophthalmology  and  otology;  Thomas  J.  Watkins,  M.  D., 
clinical  assistant  in  gynaecology;  Edward  Tyler  Edgerly,  A.  M.,  M.  D., 
demonstrator  of  histology  and  instructor  in  physical  diagnosis;  John  Leern- 
ing,  M.  D.,  lecturer  on  materia  medica;  Jared  C.  Hepburn,  M.  D.,  clinical 
assistant  to  laryngology  and  rhinology;  James  T.  Campbell,  M.  D.,  assistant 
demonstrator  of  anatomy;  Samuel  C.  Plummer,  A.  M.,  M.  D,,  assistant 
demonstrator  of  anatomy;  Daniel  N.  Eisendrath,  A.  B.,  M.  D.,  curator  of 
museum. 

SCHOOL  OF  PHARMACY. — The  School  of  Pharmacy,  located  at  the  cor- 
ner  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  £ts.,is  one  of  the  most  numerously  attended 
schools  of  pharmacy  in  the  country.  The  attendance  during  the  last  year 
was  360.  This  college  being  especially  designed  for  the  education  of  drug- 
gists, the  requirements  for  entrance  are  such  as  will  admit  the  great,  majority 
of  drug  clerks,  apprentices  and  persons  preparing  for  the  drug  business. 
Thus  a  good  common  public  school  education  is  sufficient ;  but  no  person 
under  eighteen  years  of  age  will  be  admitted.  Faculty — Henry  Wade 
Rogers,  LL.  D.,  president;  Oscar  Oldberg,  Pharm.  D  ,  Dean,  Professor  of 
Pharmacy;  John  H.  Long,  Sc.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry;  Edson  S.  Bastin, 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

A.  M.,  F.  R.  M.  S.,  Professor  of  Botany;  Wm.  E.  Quine,  M.  D.,  Professor 
of  Physiology,  Therapeutics  and  Toxicology;  William  K.  Higley,  Ph.  C., 
Professor  of  Microscopy;  E.  B.  Stuart,  Ph.  G.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica 
and  Pharmacognosy ;  M.  A.  Miner,  Ph.  C.,  Assistant,  to  the  Chair  of  Phar- 
macy; Mark  Powers,  -Sc.  B.,  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Chemistry;  Harry 
Kohn,  Ph.  M.,  Assistant  to  Chair  of  Pharmacy,  and  Instructor  in  Chemical 
Laboratory. 

COLLEGE  OP  DENTAL  AND  OVAL  SURGERY.  —The  college  of  dental  and 
oval  surgery  is  one  of  the  most  recently  established  departments  of  the 
University.  The  faculty  numbers  thirty-three  professors  and  instructors. 
The  requirements  for  admission  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  Chicago  Medical 
College.  The  course  of  study  iq  graded  and  comprises  three  consecutive 
annual  courses  of  lectures  and  clinical  teaching.  A  fourth  year  is  provided 
for  those  who  desire  to  continue  their  studies  and  take  the  M.  D.  degree. 

Faculty:  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.  D.,  president;  E.  D.  Swain,  D.  D.  8., 
65  Randolph  street,  Chicago,  dean;  G.  V.  Black,  M.D..D.  D.  S.,  professor  of 
dental  pathology;  Geo.  H.  Cushing,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  principles 
and  practice  of  dental  surgery;  John  S.  Marshall,  M.  D.,  professor  of  clinical 
oral  surgery;  Charles  P.  Pruyn,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. ,  professor  of  operative  dent- 
istry; Isaac  A.  Freeman,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  clinical  operative  dentistry; 
Thomas  L.  Gilmer,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  oral  surgery;  Arthur  B. 
Freeman,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  human  and  comparative  dental  anat- 
omy; B.  S.  Palmer,  B.  S.,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  embryology  and  dental 
histology;  W.  B.  Ames,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  prothetic  dentistry;  Arthur  E. 
Matteson,  D.  D.  S.,  professor  of  orthodontia;  E.  L.  Clifford,  D.  D.  S.,  pro- 
fessor of  dental  materia  medica  and  Therapeutics;  G.  W.  Haskins,  M.  D.,  D. 
D.  S.,  professor  of  metallurgy;  G.  W.  Whiten'eld,  M.  D..  D.  D.  S.,  professor 
of  crown  and  bridge  work;  D.  M.  Cattell,  D.  D.  S. ,  professor  of  operative 
technics;  H.  P.  Smith,  D.  D.  S.,  instructor  in  prothetic  technics. 

THE  LAW  SCHOOL. — The  Law  School  is  located  at  40  Dearborn  street. 
The  course  of  study  covers  two  years.  Students  entering  the  junior  class  are 
expected  to  have  at  least  a  good  common  school  education.  A  knowledge  of 
Latin  is  desirable,  but  is  not  required.  No  discrimination  on  account  of  sex 
or  color.  Faculty  —  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.  D.,  president;  Hon.  Henry 
W.  Blodgett,  LL.  D.,  dean;  Hon.  Henry  Booth,  LL.  D.,  Hon.  Harvey  B. 
Hurd,  Hon.  Marshall  D.  Ewell,  LL.  D.,  M.  D.;  Hon.  William  W.  Far- 
well,  Hon.  Nathan  S.  Davis,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

NUMBER  OF  PROFESSORS  AND  STUDENTS,  1891. — The  faculty  numbers  150 
professors  and  instructors.  The  total  number  of  students  in  attendance  dur- 
ing the  present  year  (1892)  is  between  2,250  and  2.300. 

NEW  LIBRARY  BUILDING. — Orringtou  Lunt,  of  Evanston,  has  donated 
$50,000  to  the  Northwestern  Universiiy  for  the  erection  of  a  new  library 
building.  The  trustees  have  already  taken  steps  to  carry  out  the  design  of 
the  donor,  and  the  work  of  construction  will  begin  at  an  early  date.  The  new 
.library  will  be  located  on  the  campus  amid  the  other  university  buildings. 
The  present  library  is  in  three  rooms  of  an  upper  story  of  University  Hall, 
and  contains  30,000  volumes.  It  is  quite  crowded  and  inconvenient,  and  the 
need  of  more  commodious  quarters  is  greatly  felt.  Mr.  Lunt  has  been  a  lib- 
eral friend  of  the  university,  and  his  latest  donation  will  be  enthusiastically 
welcomed  by  the  students.  The  library  of  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  will 
also  have  a  place  in  the  new  structure,  and  it  is  possible  that  room  for  a 
chapel  may  be  provided. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  287 

UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES.  —  Each  of  the  professional  schools  of  the  Univer- 
sity has  its  special  library,  supplementing  the  general  library  of  the  College 
of  Liberal  Arts.  This  general  library  numbers  about  23,000  bound  volumes, 
besides  8, 000  unbound  pamphlets.  It  contains  a  large  number  of  books  for 
general  reading  and  reference,  and  for  use  in  the  several  departments  of 
study.  It  is  unusually  complete  in  the  departments  of  Greek  and  Latin 
literature.  Every  author  is  represented  by  the  best  editions  from  the  earliest 
date.  In  the  relited  subjects  of  Archaeology,  Criticism  and  History,  the 
Library  is  correspondingly  full,  so  that  in  the  special  field  of  Classical 
Philology  it  ranks  with  the  best  in  America.  In  modern  literature  it  is  well 
supplied  with  standard  works  in  German,  French,  Spanish  and  Italian. 
There  is  also  a  vdunble  selection  of  books  illustrating  History,  the  Sciences 
and  Pine  Arts.  There  is  a  reading  room  in  connection  with  the  Library 
open  morning  and  afternoon,  supplied  with  a  good  collection  of  reviews  and 
other  periodicals.  Every  student  is  entitled  to  its  privileges. 

St.  Ignatius'  College. — Located  at  413  West  Twelfth  St.,  adjoining  the 
Jesuit  church.  Take  West  Twelfth  st.  car.  The  college  was  erected  in 
1869  for  the  higher  education  of  the  Catholic  youth  of  Chicago  and  vicinity. 
It  is  conducted  by  Fathers  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  A  charter  was  granted 
the  institution  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Illinois  June  80,  1870,  with 
power  to  confer  the  usual  degrees  in  the  various  faculties  of  a  university. 
Th«-  Board  of  Managers  are:  Rev.  Edward  A.  Higgins,  S.  J., president;  Rev. 
Edwin  D.  Kelly,  S.  J.,  vice-president;  Rev.  Eugene  A.  Magevney,  S.  J.,  sec- 
retary; Rev.  John  F.  Pahls,  S.  J.,  treasurer; Rev.  JamesM.Hayes^S.  J.,  Chan- 
cellor. The  Faculty  is  as  follows:  Rev.  E.  A.  Higgins,  S.  J.,  president; 
Rev.  Geo.  A.  Hoeffer,  vice-president  and  prefect  of  studies;  Rev.  J.  F.  Pahls, 
S.  J. ,  treasurer  and  professor  of  book-keeping;  Rev.  J.  P.  Hogan,  S.  J., 
professor  of  mental  and  moral  philosophy;  Rev.  F.  A.  Moeller,  S.  J.,  professor 
of  natural  philosophy;  Mr.  M.  I).  Sullivan,  S.  J.,  professor  of  mathematics  and 
chemistrv;  Rev.  F.  X.  Shulak,  8.  J.,  professor  of  mineralogy  and  natural 
history;  Mr.  W.  H.  Fanning,  S.  J.,  professor  of  rhetoric;  Mr.  C.B.  Moulinier, 
S.  J.,  professor  of  poetry  and  elocution;  Mr.  T.  C.  McKeogh,  8.  J.,  humani- 
ties and  elocution;  Mr.  H.  B.  McMahon,  S.  J.,  first  academic  class;  Mr.  T.  F. 
Conroy,  S  J. ,  second  academic  class  and  elocution;  Rev.  E.  J.  Hanhauser, 
?.  J.,  third  academic  class— grade  A;  Mr.  J.  E.  Stack,  third  academic 
class — grade  B;  Rev.  T.  B.  Chambers,  S.  J.,  preparatory  class;  Rev.  E.  A. 
Higgins,  S.  J.,  Mr.  C.  B.  Moulinier,  S.  J.,  professors  of  French;  Rev.  F.  A. 
Moeller,  S.  J.,  Rev.  E.  J.  Hauhauser,  S.  J.,  professors  of  German;  Rev.  F. 
A.  Moeller,  S.  J.,  professor  of  vocal  music;  Mr.  T.  C.  McKeogh,  S.  J.,  Mr. 
H.  B.  McMahon,  S.  J.,  prefects  of  discipline. 

NORTH  SIDE  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL. — Located  at  616  La  Salle  ave.,  is  con- 
ducted under  the  following  instructors:  Rev.  P.  J.  Mulconroy,S.  J.,  director 
first  academic  class  ;  Mr.  J.  B.  Hemann,  S.  J.,  prefect  of  discipline,  second 
academic  class;  Mr.  E.  M.  Paillow.  S.  J.,  prefect  of  discipline,  third  aca- 
demic class;  Mr.  J.  B.  Hemann,  professor  of  German  and  vocal  music.  The 
studies  pursued  in  the  college  comprise  the  doctrines  and  evidences  of  the 
Catholic  religion,  logic,  metaphysics,  ethics,  astronomy,  natural  philosophy, 
chemistry,  mathematics,  rhetoric,  composition,  elocution,  history,  geogia- 
phy,  book-keeping,  arithmetic,  the  Latin,  Greek,  English,  German  and 
French  languages  and  literature.  The  college  is  intended  for  day  scholars 
only.  The  collegiate  year  is  divided  into  two  terms,  the  first  beginning  on 
the  first  Monday  of  September,  the  second  on  the  first  Monday  of  February. 


288  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Students,  however,  are  received  at  any  time  during  the  year.  At  the  close 
of  eich  term  the  several-classes  are  subjected  to  a  thorough  examination  in 
the  branches  studied  during  the  previous  half  year.  The  Annual  Commence- 
ment'is  held  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  June,  when  degrees  are  conferred  and 
premiums  awarded.  On  completing  the  studies  of  the  Collegiate  Depart- 
ment, those  who  prove  deserving  of  the  distinction  receive  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  Subsequently,  by  devoting  one  year  more  to  the  study  of 
philosophy,  or  two  years  to  any  of  the  learned  professions,  they  may  obtain 
the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  if  the  board  of  managers  be  satisfied  with  their^ 
proficiency  and  moral  conduct.  The  Catholic  students  are  carefully 
instructed  in  the  doctrines  and  practices  of  their  religion, and  the  most  solic- 
itous attention  is  paid  to  the  morals  of  all.  Whilstupon  the  college  premises, 
the  pupils  are  constantly  under  the  watchful  care  of  one.  or  more  of  the 
Prefects  or  Professors. 

TERMS  OF  TUITION. — As  the  Institution  is  not  endowed,  it  is  entirely 
dependent  for  its  support  on  the  fees  paid  for  tuition.  Tuition  per  session 
of  ten  months,  for  all  classes,  $40.  Students  of  chemistry  and  natural  phi- 
losophy, for  the  use  of  the  apparatus,  chemicals,  etc.,  required  for  purposes 
of  ilustration  and  experiment,  pay  $10  per  session.  Diploma  for  graduates 
inthe  classical  course,  $10.  The  session  is  divided  into  quarters,  which 
begin,  respectively,  about  the  1st  of  September,  the  15th  of  November,  the 
1st  of  February  and  the  15th  of  April.  Payments  must  be  made  quarterly 
or  seem-annually,  in  advance.  No  reduction  is  allowed  for  absence  except 
in  case  of  dismission  or  protracted  illness. 

ST.  XAVIER'S  ACADEMY. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  ave.  and 
Twenty-ninth  st.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  Cbarity.  First  opened  in 
1846,  and  is  consequently  one  of  the  oldest,  as  it  isone  of  thebest  educational, 
institutions  of  the  city.  Take  State  st.  cable  line.  The  building  is  a  ia^ge 
and  handsome  edifice  of  brick  with  stone  trimmings.  Hot  and  cold  baths  are 
connected  with  the  various  departments,  and  the  arrangement  of  thestructure 
generally  is  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  dedicated .  The  dis- 
cipline of  this  academy  is  mild,  yet  conducted  with  such  uniformity  as  to 
secure  order  and  regularity,  and  the  young  ladies  entrusted  to  the  rare  o  f  the 
sisters  leave  their  charge  cultivated  intellectually,  strengthened  and  fortified 
morally,  aad  with  habits  fixed,  which  secures  them  good  physical  aswell  as 
mental  health. 

SCHOLASTIC  YEAR. — The  scholastic  year  is  divided  into  two  sessions  of 
five  months  each,  the  first  session  commencing  on  the  first  of  September;  the 
second  on  the  first  of  February.  A  vacation  of  about  one  week  is  allowed  at 
Christmas,  when  pupils  are  permitted  to  visittheir  parents  if  they  desire  it.  If 
residents  of  the  city,  they  are  permitted  t>*  do  so  once  a  month — generally  the 
first  Sunday  of  the  month,  unless  deprived  of  this  privilege  for  uon  observ- 
ance of  rules.  Wednesday  aiid  Sunday  are  visiting  days  for  parents,  rela- 
tives or  friends.  The  correspondence  of  the  young  ladies  is,  at  all  times, 
subject  to  the  supervision  of  the  Directress,  hence  private  correspondence  is 
not  allowed.  Pupils  may  enter  at  any  lime  during  the  year,  their  session 
always  commencing  with  date  of  entrance;  but  can  in  no  case  leave  just 
before  the  close  of  the  year,  without  seriousdamage  to  theirstanding,  besides 
forfeiting  prizes.  No  undue  influeuceis  exercised  over  the  religiousopinions 
of  non-Catholic  pupils;  however,  for  the  sake  of  the  order,  all  are  required  to 
conform  to  the  external  discipline  of  the  Institution.  Monthly  examinations 
are  held  and  reports  of  deportment,  scholarship,  etc. ,  are  forwarded  to  parents 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.     '  289 

and  guardians.  At  the  annual  distribution  of  premiums,  those  who  have 
observed  the  rules  and  given  evidence  of  polite  and  amiable  deportment  are 
crowned  by  the  Most  Reverend  Archbishop.  Graduating  Medals  are  con- 
ferred on  those  only  who  take  the  full  Academic  Course,  and  ClassMedals  are 
awarded  for  the  highest  average.  Each  pupil  is  required  to  write  home  every 
two  weeks.  Weekly  instructions  are  given  in  politeness  and  all  that  consti- 
tutes lady-like  deportment.  There  are  two  general  examinations  each  year, 
after  which  any  pupil  who  may  be  found  duly  qualified  is  promoted.  The 
daily  routine  for  boarders  is  as  follows:  5:30  o'clock,  rise;  6:30  o'clock,  mass, 
followed  by  mornig  prayers;  7  o'clock,  breakfast,  followed  by  recreation ;  8 
o'clock,  study;  9  o'clock,  recitation  in  respective  classrooms;  11:45  o'clock, 
dinner  and  recreation;  12:30  o'clock,  study;  1  o'clock,  mathematics;  S  o'clock, 
plain  sewing,  penmanship,  etc.;  4  o'clock,  luncheon  and  recreation;  4:30 
o'clock,  study  lessons  for  next  day;  5:45  o'clock,  Rosary  for  Catholics;  6 
o'clock,  supper;  6:30  o'clock,  recreation;  8  o'clock,  night  prayers,  after  which 
all  retire  to  their  respective  dormitories  for  the  night,  and  do  not  visit  the 
rooms  of  others  without  special  permission. 

TERMS.— Terms  for  boarders  per  series  of  five  months  in  advance.  Board 
and  tuition  in  English  and  music,  $150;  languages,  each  $10;-  oil  and  water- 
color  painting,  $40;  portrait  painting,  $50;  crayon  and  pastel  painting,  $40; 
harp,  $40;  guitar,  violin,  banjo,  mandolin, zither, each,  $30;  vocal  lessonsand 
harmony,  each,  $30;  washing,  $5.  For  chemical  and  physical  apparatus,  etc., 
in  senior  classes,  $3.  There  are  no  other  extra  charges. 

University  of  Chicago. — The  newest  thing  in  the  city  is  the  new  University 
of  Chicago.  The  old  institution  of  that  name,  after  a  struggle  for  existence 
for  nearly  thirty  years,  succumbed  to  financial  difficulties  in  1886,  and  sus- 
pended its  educational  work.  So  profound,  however,  was  the  conviction  that 
Chicago  was  the  ideal  location  for  a  great  institution  of  learning,  that  efforts 
began  to  be  made  almost  immediately  looking  to  the  establishment  of  a  new 
university.  It  was  soon  found  that  John  D.  Rockefeller  was  interested  in 
the  project.  In  1888  the  Baptists  of  the  United  States  organized  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Educational  Society,  and  elected  Fred  T.  Gates  its  corresponding 
secretary.  Mr.  Gates  soon  became  persuaded  that  the  first  great  work  for 
the  new  society  to  undertake  was  the  establishment  of  a  new  university  in 
Chicago.  He  and  Mr.  Rockefeller  entered  into  correspondence,  and  to  fbefr 
conferences  with  each  other  Chicago  owes  its  university.  In  May,  1889,  the 
Education  Society  resolved  to  undertake  the  raising  of  $1,000,000  to  found  a 
well  equipped  college  in  this  city,  and  Mr.  Rockefeller  at  once  made  a  sub- 
scription of  $600,000,  conditioned  on  the  subscription  being  increased  to  a 
full  $1,000,000  within  one  year.  T.  W.  Goodspeed  was  associated  with  Mr. 
Gates  in  the  effort  to  raise  the  $400,000  required  by  this  condition.  Not  only 
was  this  done  within  the  time  specified,  but  $150,000  more  than  was  required 
was  secured. 

Marshall  Field  gave  a  site  of  a  block  and  a  half  valued  at  $125,000, 
but  now  worth  much  more  than  that  sum.  To  this  gift  from  Mr.  Field  there 
has  since  been  added  two  and  a  half  blocks,  making  the  present  site  four 
blocks.  The  intersecting  streets  have  been  vacated  by  the  city  council  so 
that  the  site  consists  of  a  solid  block  802  by  1,261  feet,  or  nearly  twenty-four 
acres.  The  location  is  an  ideal  one.  The  side  lies  between  Ellis  and  Lexing- 
ton avenues,  and  Fifty-seventh  street  and  Midway  Plaisance.  Washington 
Park  lies  four  blocks  west  and  Jackson  Park  seven  blocks  east.  The  site. 


290  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

i'rouls  south  on  the  Plaisance  which  is  itself  a  park  connecting  Washington 
and  Jackson.  These  magnificent  parks  will  be  the  pleasure  grounds  of  the 
students,  affording  facilities  for  all  kinds  of  outdoor  games  and  exercises. 
Immediately  after  the  organization  of  the  board  of  trustees,  Prof.  Wm. 
Rainy  Harper,  of  Yale  University,  was  elected  president  of  the  university.  It 
was  the  conviction  of  Dr.  Harper  that  the  institution  should  from  the  outset 
be  in  fact  as  well  as  iu  name  a  true  university.  With  this  view  Mr.  Rocke- 
feller and  Mr.  Gates  heartily  agreed,  and  on  the  day  of  Dr.  Harper's  election 
to  the  presidency  he  read  to  the  Board  a  new  subscription  from  Mr.  Rocke- 
feller for  one  million  dollars.  This  great  sum  was  given  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  making  the  new  institution  a  true  university.  It  required  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  great  graduate  department,  the  transferring  of  the  Morgan 
Park  Theological  Seminary  to  the  new  site  as  the  Divinity  school  of  the 
university,  and  the  establishment  of  a  well  equipped  academy  in  the  buildings 
of  the  seminary  at  Morgan  Park. 

In  the  spring  of  1891  the  executors  and  trustees  of  the  estate  of  Wm.  B. 
Ogden,  the  first  mayor  of  Chicago,  designated  seventy  per  cent,  of  the 
bequest  under  Mr.  Ogden's  will  for  benevolent  purposes  to  the  new  univer- 
sity. In  making  the  designation  they  expressed  the  hope  that  the  university 
would  receive  above  $500,000  from  the  estate.  With  this  sum  the  trustees  are 
to  establish  "  The  Ogden  Scientific  School  of  the  University  of  Chicago,"  for 
advanced  graduate  scientific  instruction.  Although  there  is  a  contest  over 
the  will,  the  board  is  confident  that  the  full  amount  indicated  above  will 
finally  be  realized  from  the  estate  for  the  scientific  school. 

A  NON-SECTARIAN  INSTITUTION — Although  the  University  was  con- 
ceived and  founded  by  Baptists  it  has  not  been  their  purpose  to  make  it  a 
Baptist  University.  It  is  not  to  be  managed  or  known  as  a  sectarian  institu- 
tion. It  is  to  be  a  Christian  institution,  but  in  no  sense  a  sectarian  one.  The 
people  of  Chicago  of  all  religious  views  have  contributed  liberally  to  its 
funds.  Seven  of  the  trustees  are  well-known  citizens  not  members  of  Baptist 
churches.  A  large  number  of  the  professors,  several  of  them  iu  leading 
positions,  heads  of  departments,  are  members  of  other  denominations.  The 
faculty  represents  the  entire  public.  It  was  early  determined  by  the  trustees 
that  the  head  professors  should  be  selected  from  among  the  most  eminent 
scholars  and  teachers  in  this  country  and  Europe. 

In  pursuance  of  this  policy  the  following  well-known  educators  have 
been  selected  as  head  professors  and  accepted  their  appointments:  William 
Gardner  Hale,  of  Cornell  University,  head  professor  in  Latin  ;  Albion  W. 
Small,  President  of  Colby  University,  head  professor  in  social  science  ;  J. 
Laurence  Laughlin,  of  Cornell  University,  head  professor  in  political  econ- 
omy; William  I.  Knapp,  of  Yale  University,  head  professor  in  the  romance 
languages  and  literature. 

TIIE  COMPLETE  FACULTY. — Other  head  professors  were  being  chosen 
when  this  volume  went  to  press.  The  completed  list  promises  to  be  a  bril- 
liant one  and  to  place  the  University  at  the  outset  in  a  leading  place  among 
American  Universities.  These  heads  of  departments  will  be  ably  seconded 
by  a  large  number  of  professors,  associate  and  assistant  professors,  and  other 
instructors.  Among  the  professors  who  have  already  won  distinction  are  the 
following : 

Harry  Pratt  Judson,  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  ;  Clarence  J.  Her- 
rick,  of  the  University  of  Cincinnati;  Charles  Chandler,  of  Denison  Univer- 
sity; Ezikiel  G.  Robinson,  latejaresident  of  Brown  University. 


1HE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  291 

The  director  of  physical  culture  will  be  A.  A.  Stagg,  the  most  famous  of 
Yale  athletes. 

BUILDINGS  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY. — The  trustees  began  early  to  consider 
the  question  of  buildings.  As  it  became  more  and  more  evident  that  one  of 
the  great  universities  of  the  world  was  being  established,  they  determined  to 
build  intelligently  and  according  to  a  preconceived  plan.  Henry  Ives  Cobb 
was  made  the  architect  and  a  group  of  buildings  was  planned  covering  the 
entire  site  and  adapted  to  meet  the  needs  of  a  great  university.  It  was  not 
expected  that  all  the  buildiugs  could  be  erected  at  once,  or  soon.  But  it  was 
believed  that  one  fifth  of  the  whole  number  might  be  built  within  five  years, 
and  that  the  others  would  follow  as  they  should  be  required.  The  first  two 
buildings  were  begun  in  November,  1891,  and  will  be  ready  for  occupancy 
on  the  opening  of  the  university,  October  1,  1892. 

The  public  buildings,  university  hall,  recitation  buildings,  scientific 
laboratories,  collections  buildings,  library,  chapel,  science  hall,  gymnasium, 
etc.,  are  the  central  features  of  the  plan.  The  dormitories,  which,  when 
completed,  will  accommodate  more  than  two  thousand  students,  are  arranged 
in  quadrangles  on  the  four  corners  of  the  site.  The  nearest  quadrangle  in 
the  view  is  that  of  the  women,  the  university  giving  to  women  the  same 
advantages  as  to  men.  The  southwest  quadrangle  is  that  of  the  graduate  stu- 
dents, and  on  the  north  are  the  two  intended  for  undergraduates,  and  between 
these  will  rise  the  astronomical  observatory. 

The  recitation  building  is  one  hundred  and  sixty-eight  feet  long  and 
eighty-five  feet  wide.  It  is  arranged  on  a  somewhat  new  plan.  Each  depart- 
ment of  instruction  has,  instead  of  one  room,  a  suite  of  from  three  to  six 
rooms,  in  the  central  one  of  which  is  the  departmental  library  or  laboratory. 

It  is  believed  that  this  building  will  prove  to  be  a  model  recitation  hall. 
It  is  estimated  to  cost  $150,000,  and  is  of  course  the  one  building  that  must  be 
had  before  the  university  can  begin  the  work  of  instruction. 

A  dormitory  is  now  being  erected  two  hundred  and  seventy  feet  long, 
and  other  buildings  will  be  put  up  before  the  opening  of  the  World's  Fair. 
The  entire  group  of  the  university  buildings  will  be  of  Blue  Bedford  stone. 
The  street  fronts  will  be  handsome,  but  all  buildings  will  open,  not  on  the 
streets,  but  on  the  University  campus,  so  that  the  grounds  must  be  entered 
to  gain  entrance  to  the  buildings. 

The  University  opens  its  doors  to  students  and  begins  its  work  on  Octo- 
ber 1,  1892.  The  attendance  for  the  first  year  promises  to  be  very  large,  as 
students  have  been  reporting  their  names  for  two  years. 

NEW  DEPARTURE  IN  EDUCATION. — The  new  institution  marks  a  new 
departure  in  educational  methods. 

1.  It  continues  in  operation  the  year  round.     There  will  be  four  quar- 
ters of  twelve  weeks  each,  with  a  vacation  of  one  week  between  the  end  of  one 
quarter  and  the  beginning  of  the  nextT    Each  quarter  is  divided  into  two 
terms  of  six  weeks  each. 

2.  All  courses  of  instruction  are  classified  as  majors  and  minors,  the 
ni'ijor  requiring  from  ten  to  twelve  hours  of  classroom  work  each  week,  the 
miuor  four  to  six  hours.     Each  student  takes,  as  a  rule,  one  major  and  one 
minor  study  at  a  time. 

3.  Professors  and  students  may  take  their  vacations  in  any  quarter,  o? 
may  take  any  two  terms  for  their  vacations,  one  in  one  part  of  the  year  and 
tke  other  in  another  part,  or,  if  able,  may  work  the  entire  year. 

A  teacher  who  teaches  three  full  years  of  forty-eight  weeks  each,  will 


292  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

be  entitled  to  a  full  year's  vacation  on  full  pay.  A  student  by  working  the 
year  round  may  complete  the  full  college  course  in  three  years. 

4.  A  student  may  enter  at  the  bcginning.of  any  quarter  or  any  term. 
All  students  are  admitted  on  examination,  and  may  enter  any  stage  of  the 
course  for  which  they  are  prepared. 

These  arrangements  are  proving  equally  attractive  to  professors  and  stu- 
dents, and  seem  to  promise  great  advantages  to  both.  The  university  has  in 
hand  and  in  sight  assets  amounting  to  about  $3,000,000,  above  two-thirds  of 
which  will  be  in  the  form  of  a  permanent  endowment  fund,  it  is  now 
appealing  to  the  citizens  of  Chicago  for  $1,000,000  as  a  building  fund.  It  is 
also  confidently  believed  that  the  endowments  will  be  so  increased  as  to  insure 
for  Chicago  one  of  the  great  universities  of  the  world. 

University  School. — New  building  located  at  Dearborn  avenue  and  Elm 
street,  North  Side.  Take  North  State  street  or  North  Clark  street  cars. 
The  building  is  three  stories,  50  by  90  feet,  of  the  Gothic  order,  and  cost 
$100,000.  The  exterior  is  plain  and  simple,  of  terra  cotta  for  the  first  course 
up  to  eight  feet  in  height,  above  which  the  walls  rise  in  brown  stone.  The 
ornamentation  is  in  terra  cotta  and  brown  stone.  The  basement  entrance 
opens  to  a  large  area,  a  shelter  for  bicycles.  From  thisopen  the  boys'  manual 
training  school,  20  by  65  feet,  in  which  are  turning  lathes  and  all  appliances 
for  manual  training  confined  to  a  complete  course  as  applied  to  woodwork. 
Adjoining  this  are  two  bowling  alleys  of  the  regulation  length,  sixty -five 
feet.  Near  by  is  the  swimming  bath,  chemical  laboratory,  with  concrete 
floor,  the  special  apparatus  for  ventilation,  boilers,  engine-rooms,  etc.  The 
first  floor,  from  an  arched  entrance,  shows  the  court  room,  embellished  with 
classical  emblems  sculptured  in  stone.  In  this  room  each  boy  has  a  separate 
locker.  Near  by  is  the  lavatory  and  the  fire-proof  light  well.  The  main 
study,  a  room  fifty  feet  square  with  fourteen  foot  ceiling,  is  so  arranged  that 
all  pupils  receive  the  light  over  the  left  shoulder  as  they  bend  over  their 
books.  The  room  is  cheered  by  fire  grates  and  heated  by  hot  water.  The 
room  for  advanced  classes  in  the  classics  is  adjoining.  It  is  17  by  35  feet  and 
its  walls  are  ornamented  with  busts  of  heroic  characters,  plates,  etc.  The 
reception  room  and  office  of  the  master  is  on  this  floor.  The  second  floor  is 
arranged  as  a  wheel,  with  an  office  in  the  ctnter  and  halls  radiating  to  the 
various  recitation  rooms,  which  are  16  by  20  feet  to  accommodate  each 
fifteen  boys.  These  rooms  are  decorated  on  walls  aud  corners  with  emblems 
of  the  particular  study  pursued.  The  thiid  floor  has  a  large  gymnasium, 
fitted  up  by  Dr.  Sargent,  of  Harvard.  The  dressing  and  bath  rooms  are  on 
the  same  floor.  The  room  for  free-hand  and  mechanical  drawing  adjoins  it. 
There  is  a  running  track,  elevated  eleven  fett  from  the  floor rwhich  encircles 
this  large  room.  In  this  room,  which  can  be  readily  closed,  the  boys  are  put 
through  the  manual  of  arms  in  military  drill.  The  kitchen,  luncheon-room 
and  visitors'  gallery  are  on  a  level  with  this  broad  running  track. 

The  University  School  prepares  boys  for  colleges,  universities  or  scien- 
tific schools.  E.  C.  Coulter,  the  master,  a  graduate  of  Felix  Academy,  of 
Andover  and  of  Princeton  College,  taught  in  Kew  England  five  years.  This 
school  is  three  years  old.  It  is  undenominational,  owned  and  controlled  by 
an  association  of  Chicago's  leading  men.  The  school  trustees  are  Cyrus  H. 
McCormick,  F.  B.  Peabody,  General  George  W.  Smith,  John  P.  Wilson,  W. 
D.  Kerfoot,  Abram  Poole  E.  C.  Coulter.  Among  the  stockholders  are  W. 


I— I  ~*  Q, 

&  p  s 

c  i-j  a 

"  O  O 

2.  g  c 

n  <  -• 


El 

x  p 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  203 

M.  Hoyt,  H.  H.  Porter,  Potter  Palmer,  Henry  Field,  George  Sturges,  E.  B. 
McCagg,  William  H.  Bradley,  L.  Z.  Leiter,  George  M.  Pullman,  John  John- 
son, Jr.,  J.  W.  Farlin,  L.  Schmidt,  E  8.  Dreyer,  E.  F.  Lawrence,  C.  B. 
King.  A.  R.  Smith,  J.  G,  Coleman,  L.  W.  Bodeman,  James  H.  Walker,  E. 
R.  Ryerson  and  F.  H.  Winston. 

Western  Theological  Seminary. — Located  at  1113  Washington  blvd.;  take 
West  Madison  street  cable  line  to  California  avenue ;  founded  by  the  late 
Dr.  Tolman  Wheeler,  of  Chicago,  as  an  Episcopal  Theological  Seminary. 
Dr.  Wheeler  built  and  equipped  two  buildings  and  partially  endowed  the 
institution.  There  is  also  ground  room  for  additional  structures,  and  accom- 
modations could  be  provided  for  one  hundred  students.  The  buildings  are 
situated  on  Washington  boulevard,  the  principal  avenue  of  the  West  Side, 
about  four  miles  from  the  lake  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Garneld  Park.  The 
main  building  contains  the  Chapel,  Refectory,  Library,  Lecture  Rooms  and 
apartments  for  resident  instructors.  A  second  building  contains  accommo- 
dations for  about  thirty  students.  Both  buildings  are  heated  by  steam,  and 
are  furnished  with  the  best  modern  equipments  for  their  respective  purposes. 
The  aim  of  this  Seminary  is,  in  the  words  of  the  charter,  "  the  education  of 
fit  persons  in  the  Catholic  Faith,  in  its  purity  and  integrity,  as  taught  in  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  held  by  the  Primitive  Church,  summed  up  in  the  Creeds, 
and  affirmed  by  the  undisputed  General  Councils."  While,  therefore,  its 
principal  work  is  the  preparation  of  Candidates  for  Holy  Orders,  neverthe- 
less, any  fit  persons,  clergymen  or  laymen,  and  whether  looking  forward  to 
the  sacred  ministry  or  not,  are  received  as  students  or  admitted  to  attendance 
upon  the  lecture  courses  of  the  Seminary  under  proper  conditions.  It  is 
intended  to  afford  every  opportunity  and  assistance  to  theological  students  in 
preparing  themselves  for  the  examinations  required  by  the  canons  of  the 
Church  for  admission  to  Holy  Orders,  and  in  fitting  themselves  for  the 
priestly  life  and  work. 

The  board  of  Trustees  is  composed  as  follows  :  The  Bishop  of  Chicago, 
president  ;  the  Bishop  of  Quincy,  the  Bishop  of  Springfield,  the  Bishop  of 
Indiana,  the  Rev.  Clinton'Locke,  D.  D.;  the  Rev.  F.  W.  Taylor,  D.  D.  and 
Mr.  D.  B.  Lymau,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Knowles,  the  Rev.  Richard  F.  Sweet,  Mr. 
Corning  S.  Judd,  Mr.  Edwin  H.  Sheldon;  Mr.  Charles  R.  Larrabee,  treasurer. 

FACULTY. — The  Board  of  Instruction  is  as  follows:  The  Rt.  Rev.  Will- 
iam E.  McLaren,  D.  D.,  D.  C.  L.,  Dean,  Dogmatic  Theology;  The  Rt.  Rev. 
George  F.  Seymour,  D.  D..LL.  D.,  Ecclesiastical  History;  The  Rev.  William 
J.  Gold,  S.  T.  D.,  Liturgies  and  Exegesis;  The  Rev.  Francis  J.  Hall,  M.  A., 
Theology;  The  Rev.  F.  P.  Davenport,  S.  T.  D.,  Canon  Law.  Rev.  J.  J. 
Elmendorf,  D.  D.,  Moral  Theology,  and  Apologetics;  Rev.  J.  G.  H.  Barry, 
Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Exegesis. 

COURSE  OF  STUDY. — The  course  of  study,  as  at  present  arranged,  provides 
for  a  period  of  five  years.  The  curriculum  is  homogeneous  throughout; 
nevertheless,  for  the  last  three  years  it  comprehends  the  usual  studies  of  the 
Candidate  for  Holy  Orders.  The  following  is  a  scheme  of  ihe  five  years' 
course:  First  year — Latin,  Physics,  English  Literature,  Greek,  History,  Rudi- 
ments of  Theology.  Second  year — Latin,  Greek,  Readings  from  the  Gospels 
and  Early  Christian  Authors,  Logic,  Psychology,  History,  Rudiments  of 
Theology.  Third  year — Theology,  Church  History,  Liturgies,  New  Testa 
ment  Exegesis,  Readings  from  the  Fathers,  Hebrew,  Canon  Law.  Fourth" 
year — Theology,  Church  History,  Liturgies,  New  Testament  Exegesis, 
Hebrew,  Ecclesiastical  Polity  and  Law.  Fifth  year — Theology,  Church  His- 
tory, Liturgies,  Old  Testament  Exegesis,  Ecclesiastical  Polity  and  Law. 


294  GUIDE   TO   CHirAGO. 

Practice  in  the  Compaction  and  Deliveiy  of  Sermons  takes  place  once  a 
week.  Particular  attention  is  paid  to  this  subject.  In  speaking,  the  use  of  a 
manuscript  is  not  ordinarily  permitted.  Special  instructions  are  given  in 
Elocution.  The  Seminary  opens  September  29th,  the  Festival  of  St.  Michael 
and  All  Angels,  and  closes  about  the  1st  of  June.  There  is  a  recess  of  two 
weeks  at  Christmas,  and  also  from  Thursday  in  Holy  Week  until  Easter 
Tuesday.  Students  residing  in  the  buildings  are  subject  to  a  charge  of  $200 
per  year.  This  includes  board,  room,  fuel  and  lights.  Washing  is  done  at 
the  Seminary  at  cost.  The  charge  to  students  not  living  in  the  Seminary  is  as 
may  be  agreed  upon.  Letters  to  the  Dean  should  be  addressed  to  him  at  64 
Astor  street,  Chicago.  Letters  addressed  to  instructors  and  students  resident 
in  the  Seminary  should  be  addressed  to  1113  Washington  Boulevard,  Chicago. 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS— MEDICAL. 

The  Medical  Collegtsof  the  city  are  as  follows:  AMERICAN  COLLEGE  OF 
DENTAL  SURGERY,  78-S2  S  ate  St.;  BENNETT  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  Ada  and 
Fulton  sts. ;  CHICAGO  COLLEGE  OP  DENTAL  SURGERY,  Madison  st.  and  Wabash 
ave. ;  CHICAGO  COLLEGE  OP  PHARMACY, 465  Stalest.;  CHICAGO  HOMEOPATHIC 
MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  Wood  and  York  sts. ;  CHICAGO  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  Depart- 
ment of  N.  W.  University,  Prairie  ave.  and  Twenty-sixth  st.;  CHICAGO  POLI- 
CLINIC, Chicago  ave.;  CHICAGO  VETERINARY  COLLEGE,  2537  State  st.;  COL- 
LEGE OF  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS  OP  CHICAGO,  W.  Harrison,  cor.  Honore 
st.;  GERMAN  AMERICAN  DENTAL  COLLEGE,  167  and  169  N.  Clark  st.;  HAHNE- 
MANN  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  2811  Cottage  Grove  ave.;  ILLINOIS  COLLEGE  OF 
PHARMACY,  Department  of  N.  W.  University,  40  Dearborn  st.;  ILLINOIS 
TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  NURSES,  Honore  st.,  near  W.  Harrison ;  NORTH- 
WESTERN COLLEGE  of  DENTAL  SURGERY,  1203  Wabash  ave;  RUSH 
MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  W.  Harrison  st.,  cor.  Wood-  ST.  LUKE'S  HOSPITAL 
TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  NURSES,  1420  to  1434  Wabash  ave.;  UNIVERSITY 
DENTAL  COLLEGE,  Department  of  N.  W.  University,  Twenty-sixth  st., 
cor.  Prairie  ave.;  WOMAN'S  HOSPITAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  NURSFB, 
Thirty-second  st.,  n.  w.  cor.  Prairie  ave.;  WOMAN'S  MEDICAL  COLLEGE, 
335  to  339  S.  Lincoln  st. 

National  Homeopathic  College.—  Organized  in  1892  by  a  number  of  physi- 
cians interested  in  the  new  German-American  Homeopathic  College.  The 
latter  has  existed  only  in  name.  It  was  founded  by  Dr.  J.  Malok,  who  was 
the  treasurer.  Some  dispute  having  arisen  it  was  determined  to  found  a  new 
college,  and  the  faculty  of  the  German-American  became  members  of  the 
faculty  of  the  new  institution.  Officers:  Dr.  L.D.  Rogers,  president;  Dr.  J.  A. 
Smith,  secretary;  Dr.  W.  O.  Cheeseman,  registrar;  Dr.  J.  A.  Printy,  dean  of 
the  faculty.  The  faculty  of  the  German-American  has  been  increased  by  sev- 
eral important  additions.  Among  them  are  Dr.  Julia  Holmes  Smith,  who  is 
professor  of  gynaecology;  Dr.  H.  C.  Allen,  a  medical  writer  of  distinction, 
professor  of  materia  medica;  Dr.  J.  B.  S.  King,  lecturer  on  chemistry  at 
Hahnemann  College;  Dr.  W.  D.  Gentry;  Dr.  H.  P.  Skiles,  professor  of 
orificial  surgery,  and  Dr.  Henry  Sherry,  professor  of  orthopaedic  surgery. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  295 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS— TRAINING  SCHOOLS. 

Polytechnic  education  has  within  the  past  ten  years  received  the  atten- 
tion of  Chicago  people  interested  in  the  training  of  the  youth  of  both 
sexes.  Various  training  schools  have  been  established  here  during  that  time. 
The  Public  Manual  Training  School  is  treated  under  the  head  of  "Public 
Education."  [See  also  "  Chicago  Manual  Training  School,"  under  head  of 
"Educational  Institutions."]  Training  schools  of  another  character,  how- 
ever, are  referred  to  below. 

American  Brewing  Academy. — First  course  opened  September  1,  1891, 
eighteen  pupils  attending.  Second  course  opened  February  1,  1892,  with 
twenty-eight  pupils  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  academy  is 
equipped  with  a  full  brewing  outfit,  including  all  the  different  apparatus  for 
the  production  of  beer.  Connected  with  the  academy  is  the  scientific  station 
for  brewers,  where  analyses  of  brewers'  materials  and  products  are  made  and 
where  information  is  given  on  brewing.  Directors  of  both  the  American 
Brewing  Academy  and  the  Scientific  Station  for  brewing  are  Dr.  Robert 
Wahl  and  Dr.  Max  Henius. 

Armour  Mission  Training  School. — This  institution  will  probably  be  in 
readiness  for  the  reception  of  pupils  early  in  the  present  year.  It  i«  con- 
nected with  the  Armour  Mission,  Armour  ave.  and  Thirty -third  St.,  and  all 
expenses  connected  with  it  are  generously  defrayed  by  Mr.  P.  D.  Armour. 
[See  "Armour  Mission,"  under  head  of  "  Charities."] 

Baptist  Missionary  Training  School. — Located  at  2411  Indiana  ave.  Take 
Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  The  first  school  established  in  this  country 
devoted  to  the  training  of  young  women  for  missionary  work  is  the  one 
located  in  Chicago,  conducted  by  the  Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society.  The  society  itself  is  exceptional  in  being  the  first  organization  of 
the  kind  composed  wholly  of  women,  and  was  the  result  of  a  pressing  demand 
from  all  parts  of  the  country  for  missionary  work,  which  only  women  could 
do,  among  women  and  children.  Thirteen  years  ago  so  urgently  was  this 
need  set  forth  by  Miss  Joanna  P.  Moore,  who  had  been  a  nurse  during  the 
war,  and  remained  in  New  Orleans  on  her  own  responsibility  to  work  among 
the  colored  people;  also  by  Mrs.  C.  R.  Blackall,  who  had  spent  some  time  in 
the  Indian  Territory,  and  who  declared  that  the  need  there  was  epitomized  by 
an  Indian  woman,  who  said  to  her,  "  We  want  to  live  like  Christian  women, 
but  we  don't  know  how;"  and  others,  who  saw  in  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try the  necessity  of  work  among  the  women  and  children  of  the  foreigners, 
who  were  then,  as  now,  pouring  into  this  country  at  the  rate  of  seven  and 
eight  hundred  thousand  per  annum,  that  the  ladies  of  the  several  Baptist 
churches  in  the  city  decided  to  organize  a  society  for  this  work.  The  repre- 
sentatives of  the  different  churches  throughout  the  country,  excepting  those 
from  Boston,  were  in  favor  of  making  Chicago  the  headquarters  of  the 
organization,  not  only  because  it  had  its  inception  here,  but  because  of  the 
central  location.  The  New  England  women,  however,  decided  to  organize 
a  separate  society.  The  society  organized  here  now  has  between  thirty  and 
forty  thousand  regular  members,  and  was  last  year  in  receipt,  from  all 
sources,  of  between  $60,000  and  $70,000. 


2DG  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

The  most  stubborn  difficult}'  which  the  society  found  they  had  to  over- 
come was  that  of  getting  competent  workers.  It  was  Mrs.  Croiise,  wife  of 
Dr.  J.  N.  Grouse,  who  has  been  the  president  of  the  society  from  ^organiza- 
tion until  the  present  time,  who  first  proposed  to  eliminate  this  difficulty  by 
establishing  a  school  where  workers  could  be  educated  for  the  kind  of  work 
to  be  done.  In  1881  the  school,  which  is  now  located  at  2411  Indiana  ave.. 
was  established.  Here  each  person  to  be  sent  forth  not  only  to  teach  Christ 
and  him  crucified,  but  also  to  instruct  ignorant  women  how  to  make  a  com- 
fortable home  for  their  husbands  and  children,  and  to  set  the  feet  of  the  little 
ones  in  right  paths,  is  taught  all  that  she  should  know  to  accomplish  both 
missions  successfully.  The  pupils  are  each  of  them  instructed  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  frugal  living  and  in  the  preparation  of  simple,  wholesome  food,  as 
well  as  in  physical  culture,  that  they  may  be  able  to  use  their  bodies  to  the 
best  possible  advantage,  and  elocution  that  they  may  convey  the  instruction 
they  have  to  give  in  the  most  effective  manner.  Not  only  the  expounding 
of  the  Scriptures  in  a  bright  and  forceful  way,  but  also  caring  for  the  sick  and 
what  to  do  in  case  of  emergency,  are  taught  eminent  divines  and  skillful 
physicians  and  nurses.  These  missionaries,  being  prepared  to  minister  to 
body,  mind  and  soul,  are  instructed  in  kindergarten  methods,  and  also  in  the 
cutting  of  garments  ana  the  conduct  of  industrial  schools. 

All  this  equipment  is  made  doubly  thorough  by  being  put  in  constant 
practice.  Mrs.  C.  D.  Morris,  the  preceptress  of  the  school,  arranges  the  prac- 
tice work  of  each  student  by  dividing  that  portion  of  the  poverty  and  vice- 
stricken  part  of  Chicago  lying  a  few  blocks  south  of  Van  Buren  street  and  east 
of  State  street,  into  districts,  which,  under  her  direction,  are  visited  each  week 
by  her  pupils.  Two  of  them  go  together,  and  with  their  Bible  in  their  hand, 
visit  each  habitation  in  the  district  assigned  them.  With  those  whom  they 
know  they  chat  of  the  various  interests  that  enter  into  their  poor  lives,  giving 
advice  and,  if  needed,  help.  If  the  family  is  being  visited  for  the  first  time, 
inquiry  is  made  in  regard  to  the  children,  and,  if  possible,  it  is  arranged  to 
have  them  attend  the  industrial  school  which  meets  every  Saturday  morning 
at  the  Pacific  Mission . 

Missionaries  trained  at  the  school  here  are  sent  to  New  York,  to  Castle 
Garden,  to  receive  and  assist  those  newly  come  to  our  shores,  as  well  as  to  do 
other  needed  work.  Indeed,  they  are  sent  from  this  school  by  the  society  to 
all  parts  of  the  United  States,  save  New  England.  Not  only  are  regular 
missionary  workers  educated  in  the  school,  but  many  clergymen's  wives, 
Sabbath-school  teachers  and  others  take  a  part  of  the  course .  Arrangements 
are  being  made  to  enlarge  the  buildings  owned  by  the  society  during  the 
coming  years,  as  those  desiring  to  enter  the  school  are  much  in  excess  of  the 
present  accommodations.  Miss  M.  G.  Burdette,  sister  of  the  well-knpwn 
humorist,  has  been  the  efficient  secretary  of  both  the  mission  society  and 
school  from  their  beginning,  and  has  done  much  toward  upbuilding  both. 

Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses. — Located  at  304  Honore  St.,  West 
Side.  President,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Lawrence  ;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Henry  L.  Frank. 
Founded  in  1880.  Take  Ogden  ave.  or  West  Van  Buren  st.  line.  The  name 
of  the  institution  sufficiently  indicates  its  purpose.  It  is  in  a  most  prosperous 
condition.  Among  recent  bequests  was  one  of  $50,000  from  the  late  John 
Crerar.  From  the  last  report  of  the  presidf  nt  it  appears  that  during  1890  the 
school  received  a  legacy  of  $20,000  from  Miss  Phoebe  L.  Smith.  The  report 
adds:  "  Thisenabled  us  to  pay  the  mortgage  of  $12,000  on  the  Nurses'  Home, 
and  also  to  finish  and  furnish  the  fourth  floor  of  the  same.  In  June  our  home 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  29? 

was  finished  and  completely  furnished,  and  with  the  much  desired  addition  of 
an  elevator.  Ten  years  ago  we  began  with  a  small  and  inconvenient  house, 
which  we  rented.  We  had  two  wards  in  Cook  County  Hospital,  a  superin- 
tendent and  eight  pupil-nurses .  To  day  we  own ,  free  frrm  debt,  the  Nurses' 
Home  ana  furniture,  which  have  cost  not  less  than  $70,000.  We  have  charge  of 
twelve  wards  in  Cook  County  Hospital  and  all  the  nursing  in  the  Presbyterian 
Hospital,  with  a  superintendent,  two  assistant  superintendents,  one  night 
superintendent,  100  pupil-nurses,  and  twelve  probationers;  twenty-ninenurses 
graduated  in  June.  There  have  been,  during  the  year,  291  applications  to 
enter  the  ^school;  106  were  received  on  probation,  and  sixty  of  this  number 
were  retained  as  pupil-nurses.  Seven  nurses  have  been  discharged  for  cause 
and  two  honorably  discharged.  Five  have  left  the  school  on  account  of  ill 
health.  There  are  ninety-eight  registered  graduates,  and  there  have  been 
1,012  calls  for  private  nurses;  774  were  supplied  by  the  directory  and  149  by 
the  school.  Our  nurses  have  cared  for  nearly  8,000  patients  in  Cook  County 
Hospital,  and  1,351  in  the  Presbyterian  Hospital. 

Jewish  Training  School. — Located  on  Judd  street,  No.  91,  between  Clinton 
and  Jefferson  streets,  West  Side.  Take  Clinton  street  or  West  Twelfth  street 
cur.  Formally  dedicated  October  19, 1890.  Officers  and  directors — Henry  L. 
Frank,  president;  Mrs.  Joseph  Spiegel,  vice-president;  Leo  Fox,  treasurer; 
Rabbi  Joseph  Stolz,  recording  secretary;  Herman  Hefter,  financial  secretary; 
Henry  Greenebaum,  Dr.  E.  G.  Hirsch,  H.  A.  Cohn,  Charles  H.  Schwab,  Julius 
Rosenthal,  Mrs.  M.  Loeb,  Mrs.  B.  Lowenthal,  Mrs.  E.  Mandel,  Mrs.  Levy 
Mayer;  Mrs.  M.  Rosenbautn,  Mrs.  J.  Spiegel,  directors.  School  committee: 
Dr.  E.  G.  Hirsch,  chairman;  Joseph  Stolz,  Levy  A.  Eliel,  Mrs.  J.  Wedeles, 
Mrs.  J.  Spiegel,  Mrs.  B.  Lowenthal,  Mrs.  Levy  Mayer,  Mrs.  M.  Loeb,  Mrs.  E. 
Mandel,  Mrs.  M.  Rosenbaum,  Mrs.  L.  Schram,  and  Mr.  G.  Bamberger,  super- 
intendent. There  are  over  fifteen  thousand  Jewish  refugees  in  Chicago,  and 
especially  for  the  children  of  those  unfortunate  people  was  the  Training  School 
built.  Ever  since  they  began  to  arrive  here  their  brethren  have  done  all  they 
could  to  assist  them  to  gain  a  livelihood  and  become  good  citizens.  The  enter- 
prise was  started  in  1872,  when  a  training  class  was  organized  in  the  Sinai 
temple.  It  was  successful,  and  in  1887  the  Jewish  Training  School  was  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  the  State.  After  the  same  year  a  scheme  was  set 
on  foot  to  raise  $12,000  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  suitable  building.  The 
next  year  Mr.  Leon  Mandel,  of  New  York,  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Mandel 
bios.,  of  this  city,  gave  the  committee  $20,000.  This,  together  with  an 
endowment  fund  raised  from  life-memberships  and  the  legacy  of  Max.  A. 
Meyer,  assured  the  financial  success  of  the  project.  The  school  now  has  over 
five  hundred  members  and  thirty  life  members.  The  building  is  tasteful 
though  not  pretentious.  It  is  a  three-story  brick  structure,  with  pediment  and 
trimmings  of  brown  stone.  In  the  basement  are  a  machine  shop,  carpenter 
shop,  modeling  room,  plaster  work  room,  wash  and  bath  rooms.  Through 
tljo  center  of  the  building  runs  a  broad  hall,  leading  from  which  are  three 
rooms  to  the  kindergarten.  In  the  rear  are  three  class  rooms  and  the  superin- 
tendent's office.  On  the  second  floor  are  four  class  rooms,  two  of  which  are 
so  arranged  that  the  whole  may  be  thrown  together,  forming  an  assembly 
room.  This  large  hall  is  also  used  for  gymnastic  exercises  and  music.  The 
third  floor  is  occupied  by  a  laboratory,  teachers'  rooms  and  additional  class 
rooms.  The  building  cost  over  $60,000.  There  have  been  annexed  two  cot- 
tages, one  east  and  one  west  of  the  school-house,  which  have  been  arranged 


298  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

for  the  sewing  department  (cast)  and  the  Sloyd  department  (west).  The  school 
has  a  physician,  who  is  teacher  and  physician  at  the  same  time,  and  he  has  tc 
see  to  the  proper  physical  education  of  the  pupils  and  to  everything  thai 
comes  under  hygiene.  The  doctor's  office  is  in  the  cottage  west  of  the  school. 
Twenty -two  teachers  are  employed.  The  aim  of  this  school  is  to  Americanize 
its  pupils  by  means  of  a  very  liberal  education.  Manual  training  is  intro- 
duced in  all  classes,  from  the  Kindergarten  to  the  highest  Grammar  depart- 
ment. Proper  workshops  are  connected  with  the  class  rooms  in  all  depart- 
ments. Harmonious  development  is  the  watchword.  The  school  is  non-sec- 
tarian ;  every  poor  child  is  welcome  and  admitted.  Tuesday  is  official  visiting 
day.  The  school  hours  are  from  9  to  12  and  from  1  to  3  o'clock.  The  Kin- 
dergarten has  but  one  session,  from  9  to  12.  There  is  also  a  night  school  con- 
nected with  the  day  school,  for  those  above  the  school  age.  This  night  school 
has  two  departments,  male  and  female;  theaverage  attendance  of  both  is  three 
hundred  pupils.  They  are  taught  four  times  a  week,  from  7:30  to  9:30  p.  M., 
by  eight  teachers.  The  study  of  the  English  language  is  the  main  object. 
Each  department  is  graded  in  four  classes.  In  the  lowest  class  are  such  who 
begin  with  the  a  b  c  of  the  English  language,  while  in  the  highest  classes  are 
such  who  can  read,  write  and  understand  the  language  sufficiently  to  take  a 
course  of  bookkeeping,  commercial  correspondence  and  arithmetic.  They 
receive  iu  all  classes  instruction  in  American  history  and  geography.  The 
female  department  receives  also  instruction  in  needle  work,  from  the  plainest 
stitch  in  sewing  to  cutting  and  fitting  of  a  waist,  and  machine  sewing. 

Training  Rclioolsfor  Boys  and  Girls. — There  are  several  charitable  train- 
ing schools  for  boys  in  Chicago  and  vicinit}'.  The  Illinois  School  of 
Agriculture  and  Manual  Training  School  for  Boys,  formerly  known  as 
The  Illinois  Industrial  School  for  Boys,  was  dedicated  during  1890  at 
Glenwood.  Take  the  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  Dearborn  station,  foot  of 
Dearborn  st.  This  school  was  moved  from  Norwood  Park  to  a  beautiful 
farm  near  the  suburb  named  above.  The  farm,  which  was  the  gift  of  Mr. 
Milton  George,  consists  of  300  acres,  and  is  about  a  mile  west  of  Glenwood 
station.  It  is  a  beautiful  body  of  land,  with  a  rolling  surface  dotted  with  an 
occasional  cluster  of  trees.  A  sparkling  stream  of  clear  fresh  water  cuts 
through  the  center  of  the  farm.  This  school  derives  a  small  revenue  from 
the  county.  According  to  its  contract  with  the  county  it  can  only  receive  pay 
for  110  boys,  no  matter  how  many  more  than  this  number  rrtay  be  actually 
committed  to  the  institution  within  a  year.  The  amount  allowed  is  $8  per 
month  per  boy,  and  only  partially  provides  for  maintenance  and  tuition. 
The.  deficiency  is  made  up  by  the  charitable  people  belonging  to  the  associa- 
tion. This  institution  was  chartered  in  February,  1887,  and  since  the  opening 
of  the  school  about  500  dependent  bovs  have  been  placed  iu  its  care  by  order  of 
the  court.  These  boys  have  been  trained  for  lives  of  usefulness  and  industry, 
and  in  many  cases  have  been  furnished  with  comfortable  homes  iu  the  coun- 
try. Starting  three  years  ago  with  a  debt  of  $6,000,  the  school  now  ovvus 
property  to  the  value  of  $150,000,  and  is  doing  a  work  in  reclaiming  unfortu- 
nate boys  that  can  not  be  overestimated.  The  president  or.  the  institution  is 
Mr.  Franklin  H.  Head;  vice-president,  Milton  George;  treasurer,  John  T. 
Churnasero  ;  secretary  and  general  agent,  Oscar  L.  Dudley  ;  superintendent 
of  the  school,  Mrs.  U.  L.  Harrison.  City  office,  Room  27,  113  Adams  st. 

Mrs.  Ursula  L.  Harrison,  the  superintendent  of  the  school,  says  she  has 
found  the  children  sent  her  to  be  like  marble  in  the  rough,  requiring  only  to 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  299 

be  chiseled  with  patience  and  polished  with  love  to  fashion  many  pure  and 
lovely  characters"  that  may  become  bright  and  shining  lights  in  tile  world. 
The  hardest  task  is  to  inspire  confidence  in  the  child  and  inculcate  in  him  the 
idea  of  self-support  and  independence.  The  boys  are  frequently  received  in 
the  home  in  a  state  of  abject  misery.  If  reclaimed  at  an  early  age  there  is 
enough  physical  and  mental  vitality  remaining  in  which  morals  may  be 
planted  and  take  root  and  grow.  It  is  hard  for  them  to  submit  to  discipline 
and  to  grasp  the  ideas  of  moral  training,  but  patience  and  kindness  have 
brought  many  an  unruly  boy  to  a  halt  before  he  plunged  over  the  precipice 
from  which  so  few  ever  return. 

The  training  school  act,  as  it  stands,  reaches  a  class  of  boys  more  deserv- 
ing than  any  other  of  being  rescued  from  the  depths  of  indigence  and  of 
being  placed  in  institutions  best  equipped  to  safely  guide  them  in  the  path  of 
integrity  and  self-reliance.  As  a  rule,  the  boys  entitled  to  claim  assistance 
under  this  act  have  committed  no  serious  misdemeanor  against  the  laws. 
Their  greatest  misfortune  arises  from  the  fact  that  they  are  deprived  of 
proper  guardianship,  and,  consequently,  left  to  the  charity  of  a  world  that 
knows  little  of  and  cares  still  less  for  the  wants  of  the  half-clad,  homeless 
boy.  If  left  to  themselves  these  lads  must  either  starve  or  live  by  their  wits, 
and  to  live  by  their  wits  means  that  they  will  ultimately  join  the  ranks  of  the 
criminal  class,  to  become  a  menace  to  the  welfare  of  the  State. 

St.  Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys  is  a  Catholic  institution,  in  charge  of 
the  Christian  Brothers,  under  the  direction  of  the  Archbishop  of  Chicago, 
in  whose  honor  the  little  village  of  Feehanvile  has  been  named.  In  1890 
the  average  number  of  boys  at  the  school  was  300,  of  whom  195  were  sent  by 
the  county.  The  system  of  training  these  boys  may  be  briefly  stated  :  The 
lads  are  kept  busy  at  work,  play  or  study,  and  appropriate  rewards  are 
bestowed  on  those  whose  good  conduct  and  efficiency  in  tasks  deserve 
recognition.  That  such  a  system  should  have  beneficial  results  is  obvious. 
The  contrast  presented  by  the  inmates  of  this  school,  boys  well  trained  in 
head,  in  hand  and  in  heart,  and  those  more  unfortunate  youths  so  pitilessly 
plunged  in  penal  institutions  may  easily  be  imagined .  As  the  kind  superin- 
tendent of  St.  Mary's  observes,  The  word  "  pitilessly"  is  very  applicable  in 
this  connection.  A  number  of  these  boys  drift  into  the  house  of  correction 
by  reason  of  circumstances  beyond  their  control,  and,  be  it  said  to  their 
credit,  many  of  them  would  prefer  to  lead  an  upright  life,  but  being  destitute 
of  friends  and  the  advantages  of  an  education,  the  dreary  career  of  the  crimi- 
nal is  the  only  alternative  left  to  them.  St.  Mary's  Training  School  was 
established  to  help  save  these  unfortunate  waifs,  and  ever  since  its  inception 
the  school  has  been  taxed  to  its  utmost  resources.  As  it  depends  almost 
entirely  upon  voluntary  contributions  for  its  support,  financial  or  other  assist-1 
anceis  always  gratefully  welcomed,  and  contributors  may  be  certain  that  all 
donations  will  lie  judiciously  applied.  The  school  department  consists  of 
five  well-graded  classes,  in  which  every  effort  is  made  to  give  the  boys  a 
practical  elementary  education.  This  is  supplemented  by  a  graded  course  of 
manual  training  in  the  various  branches  of  industry  taught  in  the  institution. 
The  printing,  shoemakiiig,  tailoring,  baking,  carpentering  and  black&mithing 
trades  are  taught,  and  the  pupils  are  also  made  familiar  with  the  outdoor 
work  of  the  farm,  including  the  dairy,  gardens  and  cattle  yards.  The  farm, 
by  the  way,  is  a  most  interesting  and  important  adjunct  of  Feehanville.  It 
consists  of  440  acres  of  cultivated  ground,  pasture  and  timber  land.  None  of 
the  produce  is  sold,  so  that  the  boys  are  quick  to  realize  that  the  fruits  of  their 
labors  will  later  greet  them  on  the  well-supplied  tables, 


300  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

The  majority  of  bo\s  ivreived  at  St.  Mary's  have  already  reached  the  age 
of  twelve  and  upward,  but  their  previous  schooling  has  been  so  brief  that  in 
most  cases  the  child's  primer  is  their  first  introduction  to  educational  knowl- 
edge. With  the  development  of  their  intellectual  faculties  their  physical 
powers  must  be  strengthened,  and  these  results  are  best  attained  by  the  alter- 
nate half-day's  schooling  and  exercise  ic  manual  labor  which,  together  with 
a  wholesome  diet  and  a  proper  attention  to  the  laws  of  hygiene,  soon  bring 
color  to  the  cheeks  and  lend  vigor  to  the  frame.  It  is  surprising  what  apti- 
tude the  pupils  manifest  both  in  the  school-room  and  the  work-shops,  and 
before  leaving  the  institution  the  boys  become  so  expert  in  the  trades  learned 
that  they  have  no  trouble  to  obtain  situations  and  thus  earn  an  honest  living, 
which  is  the  great  object  of  the  school. 

In  addition  to  these  schools  for  boys  there  are  the  Chicago  Industrial  School 
for  girls  at  Indiana  avenue  and  Forty-ninth  street,  a  branch  of  St.  Mary's 
Training  School,  and  the  Girls'  Industrial  School  at  South  Evanston,  of 
which  Mrs.  M.  R.  M.  Wallace  is  president.  Both  these  institutions  receive 
$10  a  month  per  capita  from  the  county  for  all  inmates  legally  committed, 
and  in  addition,  the  county  is  compelled  to  clothe  every  girl  received.  The 
act  under  which  these  schools  were  incorporated  is  a  trifle  more  liberal  in 
its  workings  than  the  training  school  act,  but  still  it  is  largely  due  to  the 
noble  efforts  of  the  ladies  and  sisters  in  these  excellent  institutions  that  they 
have  been  able  to  carry  on  the  grand  work  undertaken. 

The  Industrial  School  at  South  Evanston  may  be  reached  either  by  the 
Chicago  &  North- Western  or  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad. 
Trains  run  frequently  through  the  day. 

The  Hyde  Park  Auxiliary  Society  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  School  for 
Girls  has  in  contemplation  the  erection  of  a  cottage  to  be  known  by  the  name 
of  the  society,  and  iu  which  it  will  support  a  small  number  ot  young  girls. 
The  present  quarters  of  the  school  at  South  Evanston  are  not  considered 
suitable  and  the  board  of  lady  managers  is  taking  steps  to  dispose  of  it.  With 
the  proceeds  and  additional  aid  from  the  State  suitable  buildings  will  be 
erected  on  a  forty-acre  tract  owned  by  the  board  at  Park  Ridge.  It  is  on  this 
tract  the  Hyde  Park  Auxiliary  Society  intends  erecting  a  cottage. 

EXPRESS  COMPANIES. 

European  visitors  will  do  well  to  acquaint  themselves  with  the  methods 
of  the  great  express  companies  of  thi$  country.  The  system  of  forwarding 
parcels,  goods,  orders,  money,  and  of  making  collections  and  performing 
commissions  in  vogue  in  the  United  States,  is  unknown  abroad. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Oo.'s  Express. — Organized  in  1852,  and  incorporated  in 
1866;  they  transact  a  general  express  and  banking  business,  and  the  under- 
takings of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Go's  Express  are  classified  as  follows,  viz: 

It  carries  and  delivers  money,  valuable  parcels,  packages,  merchandise, 
letters,  etc.  Collects  bills,  drafts,  notes,  coupons,  dividends  and  other 
papers.  Fills  commissions,  records  deeds,  pays  taxes  for  non-residents,  serves 
legal  papers,  etc.  Attends  to  orders  for  goods  and  household  supplies,  to  be 
returned  by  express.  Reclaims  baggage,  etc.,  at  depots  and  hotels  and 
redeems  goods  in  pawn.  Attends  to  passengers  and  baggage  coming  or  going 
on  foreign  travel;  and  to  transportation  of  goods  in  bond.  Pays  money  by 
telegraph  between  all  its  principal  agencies  and  with  unequaled  promptness; 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  SKANDINAVEN  BUILDING,  183-187  N.  PEORIA  ST. 

[See  "  Newspapers."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  301 

payments  made,  when  requested,  at  local  addresses.  Sells  money  orders  at 
all  its  offices  in  the  United  States,  which  are  remitted  in  letters  and  payable  at 
over  10, 000  places;  receipts  for  which  are  given  and  reclamation  can  be  made  for 
lost  orders;  insurance  companies,  co-operative  associations,  publishing  houses, 
merchants,  etc.,  find  it  to  their  interest  to  request  the  use  of  express  money 
orders.  In  addition  to  the  operations  of  the  Banks  of  the  Company  at  New 
York,  San  Frauciso,  Salt  Lake,  Virginia  and  Carson,  orders  for  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Exchange  are  taken  at  all  its  offices. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co's  Express  is  the  only  through  line  sanctioned  by  the 
United  States  Government  for  the  immediate  transportation  of  merchandise 
and  passengers'  baggage  in  bond  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific;  they  have 
been  constituted  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  (under  the  law  of 
June  10,  1880),  a  bonded  line  for  the  transportation  of  merchandize  and  pas- 
sengers' baggage  without  examination  from  New  York  and  San  Francisco, 
forming  with  their  leased  and  tributary  lines  the  only  through  express  line 
from  ocean  to  ocean,  and  reaching  nearly  every  important  point  in  the  West, 
Northwest,  Southwest  and  Mexico  and  Canada. 

Consignments  from  interior  foreign  points  can  be  made  to  the  Company 
through  the  nearest  Seaport  where  it  is  represented  by  a  resident  agent  or  cor- 
respondent. 

This  Company  also  undertakes  to  simplify  and  reduce  the  irksome  formal- 
ities of  foreign  travel,  inward  and  outward  bound,  and  piloting  travelers 
through  the  intricacies  of  transfer  at  New  York  and  San  Francisco.  It  is, 
also,  an  express  forwarder  to  London,  Paris,  Hamburg,  and  all  parts  of 
Europe,  South  America,  China  and  Japan,  covering  27,592  miles  of  railroad 
lines,  2,950  miles  of  stage  lines,  530  miles  of  inland  steamers  and  9,36ormiles 
of  ocean  steamers. 

t  Location  of  Express  Offices. — The  Express  Companies  doing  business  in 
Chicago,  are:  The  Adams  Express  Company,  189  Dearborn  St.;  The  Ameri- 
can Express  Company,  72  Monroe  st. ;  Baldwin's  European  and  Havanna 
Express,  187  Dearborn  st. ;  Baltimore  &•  Ohio  Express,  89-91  Washington 
st.;  Northern  Pacific  Express  Company,  81  Dearborn  st  ;  Pacific  Express 
Company,  89-91  Washington  st.;  United  States  Express  Company,  89-91 
Washington  st. ;  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  Express,  154  and  156  Dearborn  st.  The 
Adams,  American  and  United  States  Express  Companies  have  their  own 
buildings,  two  of  them — the  Adams  and  American — boing  magnificent  struc- 
tures. The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  the  Pacific,  have  offices  in  the  United 
States  Express  building,  and  conduct  their  business  jointly  with  the  latter 
company.  The  Adams  Express  Company's  business  is  almost  entirely  East- 
ern, the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  is  confined  to  the  B.  &  O.  system  of  railways; 
the  Northern  Pacific  is  confined  to  N.  P.  Transcontinental  route;  the  United 
States,  the  Wells  Fargo  &  Co.,  and  the  American  cover  all  parts  of  the 
country. 

Brink's  City  Express. — This  is  the  largest  local  express  company  in  the 
city,  and  their  facilities  for  the  prompt  handling  of  all  express  and  baggage 
has  no  equal.  They. run  to  all  suburban  towns,  also  make  regular  trips  to 
the  World's  Fair,  have  special  wagons  for  making  transfers  of  baggage  on 
short  notice  fro  11  depots  to  depots.  Their  express  wagons  are  the  finest  in  the 
city;  they  also  have  one  of  the  most  commodious  storage  and  warehouse  in  the 
city  for  the  storing  of  merchandise  and  household  goods.  Brink's  express  may 


302  GUIDE  TO   CHCAGO. 

be  called  by  telephone  1754  from  any  part  of  the  city.  General  office,  88 
Washington  street;  storage  and  warehouse,  132-138  Monroe  street.  A.  P. 
Brink,  general  manager;  W.  B.  Wyne,  superintendent. 

GREAT  INDUSTRIES  OF  CHICAGO 

The  great  industries  and  great  industrial  centers  of  Chicago  are  among 
the  attractions  which  we  have  to  offer  the  visitor.  Some  of  them  are  among 
the  most  remarkable  in  the  world  All  of  them  are  interesting.  We  have  no 
London  Tower,  but  we  have  the  Union  Stock  Yards;  we  have  no  Versailles, 
but  we  have  Pullman.  And  it  is  likely  that  the  European  visitor,  who  is  tired 
of  the  gilded  halls  of  royal  palaces  and  the  forbidden  wallsof  ancient  prisons, 
will  be  refreshed  by  a  visit  to  the  scenes  of  modern  activity  which  are  pre- 
sented on  every  side  here.  The  compiler  is  indebted  to  Mr.  George D.  Cope, 
foF  much  information  regarding  our  iron  interests,  and  to  Mr.  John  Clay,  Jr., 
for  facts  connected  with  operations  at  the  Stock  Yards.  Every  branch  of 
productive  industry  is  covered  under  this  classification.  The  information  of 
a  statistical  character  will  be  enteitaining  to  all  classes  of  readers,  and  pecu- 
liarly so  to  those  who  are  interested  in  the  application  of  mechanics.  Not  the 
least  important  matters  treated  of  are  the  great  agricultural  works,  the 
Union  Stock  Yards  and  Pullman. 

IRON  ORE  AND  COAL  SOURCES. — The  iron    ore   districts    from  which 
Chicago  obtains  her  principal  supplies  lie  in  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minne- 
sota.    The  coke  districts  lie  in  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia,  Virginia  and 
Kentucky.     Coal  suitable  for  steam  raising  and  for  use  in  heating  and  pud- 
dling is,  however,  obtained  near  at  hand,  being  mined  in  both  Indiana  and 
Illinois.     Petroleum  is  extensively  used  for  fuel  in  Chicago  iron  and  steel 
works.    It  is  conveyed  in  pipes  fromLima,  Ohio,  to  the  city.     Thefollowing 
statement  will  show  the  distances  over  which  these  materials  are  transported 
to  reach  Chicago.     The  longest  all-rail  haul  of  Lake  Superior  iron  ore  to 
Chicago  blast  furnaces  is  from  the  Vermilion  range  mines  in  Minnesota.   The 
distance  is  690  miles.     Only  a  limited  quantity  of  ore  has  taken  that  route; 
but  the  practicability  of  winter  haulage  has  been  demonstrated.     This  dis- 
tance by  lake  and  rail  combined  from  the  Minnesota  mines  to  Chicago  is 
about  1,020  miles,  of  which  70  miles  comprises  the  rail  haul  to  Two  Har- 
bors, and  the  remaining  distance  covers  the  lake  haul  across  Lake  Superior, 
throughthe  Sault  Ste.  Marie  and  the  Straits  of  Mackinac.and  up  Lake  Michi- 
gan to  Chicago.     The  Gogebic  mines,  in  northern  Wisconsin  and  Michigan, 
whose  shipping  point  to  Chicago  is  Escanaba,  on  Lake  Michigan,   are  490 
miles  from  Chicago  by  rail  and  lake,  but  by  all  rail  they  are  much  nearer, 
say  400  miles  in  round  numbers.     The  mines  of  the  Marquette  range,  in 
northern  Michigan,  whose  main  shipping  poitfor  Chicago  is  also  Escanaba, 
are  about  375  miles  from  Chicago  by  lake  and  rail,  the  rail  haul  to  Escanaba 
running  about  75  miles.    The  all  rail  route  to  Chicago  would  be  about  400 
miles,  or  the  same  distance  as  from  the  Gogebic  mines.     The  Menominee 
range  mines  are  situated  nearer  to  Chicago  than  the  mines  of  the  other  Lake 
Superior  districts,  being  only  about  300  miles  by  rail.     By  rail  and  lake,  they 
are  375  miles  from  Chicago.    Of  this  distance,  75  miles  cover  the  rail  haul 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  303 

from  the  mines  to  Escanaba,  on  Lake  Michigan.    All  these  figures  seem  for- 
midable, but  lake  freight  rates  are  remarkably  low  for  the  distance  covered, 
and  the  rail  rates  are  also  very  reasonable  on  account  of  water  competition, 
as  well  as  competition  between  several  lines  of  railroad  traversing  this  sec- 
tion.   Coming  next  to  coke,  another  set  of  long-distance  figiires is  encoun- 
tered.    Coke  13  hauled  to  Chicago  entirely  by  rail.     It  is  drawn  from  several 
sources  of  supply — namely,  the  Connellsville  and  Reynoldsville  regions  in 
Pennsylvania  and  northern  and  southern  districts  of  West  Virginia.     The 
shortest  haul  is  from  the  Connellsville  region,  say  525  miles.    The  Reynolds- 
ville, or  Rochester  and  Pittsburg,  coke  district  is  easily  625  miles  from  Chi- 
cago.    The  Northern  coke  region  of  West  Virginia  is  about  535  miles,  and 
the  southern  district  600  milos.  The  bituminous  coal  used  by  manufacturers  is 
'obtained  to  a  slight  extent  from  western  Pennsylvania,  to  a  greater  extent 
from  Ohio  and  Indiana,  but  principally  from  the  coal  fields  of   Illinois. 
When  drawn  from  western  Pennsylvania,  it  is  hauled  by  rail  at  least  500  miles; 
when  obtained  from  Ohio,  it  is  transported  from  300  to  375  miles,  and  from 
Indiana  about  175  miles.    The  coal  fields  of  Illinois  are  but  50  to  75  miles  from  i 
L-'hicago.     Crude  oil  is  now  an  important  raw  material  to  numerous  Chicago 
manufacturers,  who  use  it  for  fuel.     The  principal  source  of  supply  is  the 
Lima  district,  iu  Ohio,  whence  a  pipe  line  200  miles  long  runs  to  the  southern 
part  of  the  city.     These  figures  are  not  given  as  absolute  distances,  but  are 
approximately  correct,  inasmuch  as  the  various  districts  tapped  are   them- 
selves of  large  extent.     They  serve  to  show,  however,  that  the  manufactur- 
ers of  Chicago  have  had  to  conquer  formidable  disadvantages  in  establishing 
their  various  enterprises.     How  well  they  have  succeeded  is  known  to  the 
world.    Notwithstanding  their  remoteness  from  essential  raw  materials,  they 
have  had  countervailing  advantages  which  have  enabled  them  to  build  up 
enormous  plants,  with  possibilities  of  great  future  growth.     The  most  influ- 
ential advantages  in  making  Chicago  a  great  manufacturing  center  have  been 
and  are  its  magnificent  transportation  facilities. 

WATER  TRANSPORTATION — Although  Chicago  is  termed  an  inland  city, 
because  it  is  nearly  a  thousand  miles  from  the  ocean,  it  possesses  vast  marine 
interests  through  its  location  on  Lake  Michigan,  one  of  the  chain  of  great 
lakes  stretching  along  our  northern  frontier.  The  magnitude  of  the  lake 
traffic  is  shown  by  the  statisticg  collected  by  the  government.  (See  Maritime 
Interests.)  A  limited  means  of  water  communication  in  a  southern  direction 
is  enjoyed  in  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal,  extending  from  Chicago  to  the 
Illinois  river,  navigable  for  light  craft  thence  to  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
freight  transported  over  this  route  in  1889  aggregated  917,047  tons.  An  am- 
bitious scheme  in  this  direction,  which  has  been  undertaken  by  the  city  of 
Chicago,  contemplates  the  construction  of  a  grand  water-way,  not  less  than 
160  feet  wide  and  not  less  than  eighteen  feet  deep  from  Lake  Michigan  to  Lock- 
port,  111.,  for  the  improvement  of  low-v,*ater  navigation  of  the  Illinois  and 
Mississippi  rivers  as  well  as  to  afford  sanitary  relief  to  Chicago.  Itis  expected 
that  the  United  States  government  will  co-operate  in  making  the  connecting 
rivers  navigable  for  large  vessels,  so  that  the  lake  and  the  Mississippi  river 
traffic  may  interchange.  Another  water-way,  called  the  Hennepin  canal,  is 
projected  across  the  upper  part  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  also  to  connect  with 
the  Mississippi  river. 


304  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

RAILROAD  TRANSPORTATION. — The  railroads,  however,  are  the  chief  fac- 
tor in  conducting  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Chicago.  No  other  city  in  the 
world  is  so  well  supplied  with  railroad  lines.  Twenty-six  independent  roads 
run  out  of  the  city,  diverging  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  Canada  and 
Mexico.  These  railroads,  with  their  branches  and  immediate  connect'ons, 
have  a  total  length  of  over  half  of  the  total  mileage  of  the  railroads 
of  the  country.  A  belt  railroad  encircling  the  city  connects  with  all 
lines,  enabling  freight  to  be  easily  transferred  from  one  to  another  without 
breaking  bulk.  The  immense  traffic  of  this  character,  however,  hasso  farout- 
gro  wn  the  facilities  afforded  by  the  belt  road  referred  to  that  two  ot.heri  ntercept- 
ing  lines  have  sprunginto  existence,  one  of  which  encirclesthe  city  at  ^distance 
of  twenty-five  to  forty  miles  from  it.  This  line  is  known  as  the  "  Joliet  Cut- 
Off."  The  third  belt  road,  which  is  known  as  the  Chicago  and  Calumef 
Terminal,  traverses  part  of  the  intermediate  territory,  intersects  a  number  of 
important  railroads,  and  will  ultimately  connect  with  all  lines.  To  still 
further  facilitate  the  interchange  of  freight  cars  among  the  various  railroad 
lines,  a  great  union  transfer  yard  is  being  constructed  on  the  west  side  of  the 
city.  These  railroads  and  their  belt-line  connections  have  established  a  mul- 
titude of  junction  points  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Chicago,  possessing 
transportation  facilities  of  the  most  complete  character  for  industrial  enter- 
prises. Raw  materials  originating  on  the  route  of  any  railroad  are  thus  easily 
delivered  to  a  factory  on  any  other  line  by  a  short  transfer,  practically  taking 
every  Chicago  railroad  to  the  doors  of  every  Chicago  factory.  Manufactur- 
ing product*  are  likewise  distributed  without  difficulty  over  the  region  trav- 
ersed by  every  railroad  line.  These facilitieshavestimulated  the  growth  of  an 
unusually  large  number  of  manufacturing  towns  as  suburbs  of  Chicago. 
Among  such  suburbs  the  town  of  Pullman  ha£  become  famous  by  reason  of 
its  having  been  built  with  a  special  view  to  providing  workmen  with  comfort- 
able homes,  pleasant  surroundings,  and  everything  necessary  for  their  con- 
venience and  social  enjoyment. 

Calumet  Iron  and  Steel  Company. — Works  located  at  Cummings,  near 
South  Chicago,  about  twelve  miles  from  the  Court  House.  Take  train  at 
Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts.,  or  at  Dearborn  Sta- 
tion, Fourth  ave.  and  Polk  St.,  or  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  6ts. 
The  blast  furnace  is  eighty  feet  high,  with  a  11%  foot  bosh  ;  it  is  equipped 
with  one  Massick  &  Crookes  and  three  Siemens  Cowper-Cochrane  stoves, 
and  two  blowing  engines.  The  rolling  mill  has  thirty-eight  puddling  fur- 
naces, six  scrap  and  six  heating  furnaces,  and  three  trains  of  rolls — 9,  14 
and  22-inch.  In  the  puddling  department  the  waste  heat  is  utilized  from 
eight  double  furnaces  to  raise  steam  in  eight  upright  Hazleton  boilers,  and 
the  system  is  soon  to  be  extended  to  twelve.  A  nail  factory  with  132  nail 
machines,  and  steel  works  with  four  4-ton  open-hearth  furnaces  are  at  pres- 
ent in  disuse.  These  works  have  about  five  miles  of  railroad  track  with 
rolling  stock  for  carrying  raw  materials  ;  also  have  a  good  slip,  with  facili- 
ties for  loading  and  unloading  vessels  on  the  Calumet  river,  emptying  into 
Lake  Michigan.  They  employ,  outside  of  the  nail  factory,  about  1,200  men. 
The  annual  consumption  of  raw  material  ia  100,000  gross  tons  of  ore  and 
cinder;  65,000  net  tons  of  coke;  23,000  net  tons  of  limestone;  40,000  net  tons 
of  scrap  iron;  26  000  net  tons  of  pig  iron;  37,000  net  tons  of  muck  and  scrap 
bar;  80,000  net  tons  of  coal;  10,000  net  tons  of  sand;  50,000  barrels  of  fuel 
oil.  They  produce  51.000  gross  tons  of  foundry  and  Bessemer  pig  iron; 
45,000  net  tons  of  muck  and  scrap  bar:  50,000  net  tons  of  merchant  bar. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

ENTRANCE  TO  THE  CHICAGO  OPERA  HOUSE. 

[See  "  Amusements."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  805 

Columbia  Steel  Car  Company. — Organized  for  the  purpose  of  building 
ateel  railroad  cars;  shops  located  in  the  township  of  Maine,  on  a  tract  of  600 
acres,  recently  purchased.  It  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Desplaines  river, 
between  Desplaines  and  Park  Ridge.  The  company  manufactures  railroad 
cars  of  all  descriptions — postal,  baggage,  passenger  coaches  and  freight — 
entirely  out  of  steel,  and  is  already  doing  a  large  business.  Its  postal  cars 
have  been  running  for  over  a  year  on  different  railroads.  The  offices  of  the 
company  are  at  room  14,  Rialto  building. 

Grain  Elevators. — The  visitor  to  Chicago  will  be  surprised  and  interested 
by  a  visit  to  some  of  the  great  grain  elevators  of  the  city.  [See  Elevator 
Storage  Capacity.]  The  greatest  elevators  in  the  world  are  to  be  found  here, 
and  they  are  more  numerous  than  in  any  other  city  on  earth.  A  few  figures 
in  relation  to  one  of  them  will  serve  as  a  description  for  all.  A  grain  eleva- 
tor of  the  first-class  costs  about  $500,000;  12,000,000  feet  of  lumber  is  con- 
sumed in  its  construction;  the  outside  brick  wall  is  sixteen  inches  thick;  a 
fire  wall,  two  feet  thick,  usually  divides  the  building  in  the  middle;  the 
height  is  about  155  feet;  length,  155  feet;  as  a  protection  against  fire  iron 
ladders  run  this  entire  height  and  on  all  floors  there  are  electric  push  buttons 
communicating  with  annunciators  in  engine  room,  and  in  the  latter  depart- 
ment there  is  also  a  fire  pump  with  a  capacity  equaling  that  of  four  steam 
fire  engines.  Two  hundred  barrels  of  water,  each  accompanied  by  a  couple 
of  iron  pails,  are  scattered  about  over  different  floors,  and  twenty -two  chem- 
ical fire  extinguishers  are  placed  at  convenient  stations  throughout  the  struct- 
ure; forty-five  fire-plugs,  to  each  of  which  is  attached  1,000  feet  of  two  and 
one-half  inch  rubber  hose,  together  with  fourteen  fire  alarm  boxes,  about 
complete  the  precautionary  measures  for  combating  the  devouring  element; 
the  superintendent  and  chief  engineer  are  located  at  opposite  extremities  of 
the  bulky  framework,  the  one  in  a  separate  brick  office  building,  wjth  an 
electric  instrument  within  reach,  by  which  he  isenabled  to  converse  with  the 
heads  of  departments,  and  the  other  in  a  large  two-story,  fireproof  brick 
building,  where  he  takes  pleasure  in  showing  visitors  a  little  bottle  of  river 
water  after  it  has  been  transmogrified  in  passing  through  the  granite  filter. 
Once  every  week  a  fire  drill  is  ordered,  the  lime  of  turning  in  an  alarm  for 
which  is  known  only  to  the  watchmen  in  charge.  When  the  alarm  is 
sounded  every  man  takes  his  place,  but  no  water  is  thrown.  These  drills 
demonstrate  that  the  structure  may  be  deluged  with  water  in  exactly 
seven  seconds.  It  requires  100  employesto  run  a  grain  elevator;  to  move  the 
ponderous  machinery  a  1,000  horse-power  Compound  Corliss  engine  is 
required,  making  fifty-six  revolutions  per  minute  without  varying  one  revo- 
lution in  a  day's  run.  This  is  otic  of  the  most  elaborately  finished  pieces  of 
mechanism  in  existence,  and  was  constructed  at  a  cost  of  $50,000.  The 
diameter  of  the  drive-wi.eel  is  twenty  feet,  and  that  of  the  shaft  eighteen 
inches.  Crank  bins  fourteen  inches  in  diameter  and  fourteen-inch  steel  pins 
are  provided,  the  momentumof  which  adds  impetus  to  the  work  of  the  engine. 
The  main  bt.t  is  of  rubber,  200  feet  in  length  and  5  feet  in  width.  It  is  the 
largest  bit  of  ribaon  ever  manufactured  from  any  material  by  any  firm  for 
any  purpose,  requiring  special  machinery  in  its  construction.  The  chimney 
of  Jhe  elevator  has  a,  14-foot  base  and  an  altitude  of  154  feet. 

The  manner  of  handling  the  grain  by  these  great  warehouses  is  as  fol- 
lows: Upon  leaving  the  cars  the  grain  falls  through  an  iron  grating  into  the 
hopper  beneath  the  floor,  and  is  immediately  carried  by  the  elevator  buckets 


306  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

up  to  the  cupola,  a  distant  of  155  feet.  There  it  is  discharged  over  the 
"heads"  of  the  elevators  into  scale  hoppers,  twelve  in  number,  each  having 
a  capacity  of  2,000  bushels.  The  first,  or  receiving  floor,  is  twenty  feet  in 
height.  The  sejcond  is  called  the  bin  floor.  There  are  379  bins,  or,  since  a 
portion  of  them  are  divided  into  three  partitions,  428  receptacles  in  all,  each 
66  fret  in  depth,  and  made  to  hold  from  1.700  to  6.500  bushels,  the  latter 
figures  represent! no:  the  capacity  of  the  379  undivided  cribs.  Above  this 
floo^r  is  the  "spout,"  "  turn-table,"  or  "  revolver  "  floor,  as  it  is  variously 
designated.  Around  each  spout  are  grouped  in  a  circle  a  dozen  or  more 
funnels.  The  spout  revolves  and  readily  connects  with  these  funnels,  and  by 
having  a  number  of  these  revolvers  grain  is  distributed  to  any  of  the  bins. 
Next  is  the  scale  floor,  where  twenty-eight  large  Fairbanks  scales  do  the 
weighing,  and  then  comes  two  shaft  or  machinery  floors. 

Arriving  at  the  scale  floor  we  find  the  car  loads  of  grain  have  been 
weighed  and  are  being  distributed  by  means  of  the  revolvers  into  the  different 
bins,  according  to  the  various  grades.  In  a  small  office  on  the  scale  floor  is 
a  long  blackboard  lined  off  into  squares  and  marked  with  the  number  of  each 
bin.  The  grain  is  never  moved  without  being  first  weighed,  and  this  slate 
enables  the  weigher  at  a  glance  to  tell  what  kind  and  how  much  grain  he  has 
on  hand. 

When  it  is  desired  to  ship  grain  it  is  drawn  from  the  bins  into  a  hopper 
on  the  ground  floor,  taken  up  shipping  elevators,  twelve  in  number,  and  dis- 
charged into  garners  above  the  shipping  scales,  sixteen  in  number,  and 
weighed  by  draughts  of  500  bushels  at  a  time,  which  are  equal  to  28,000 
pounds.  It  is  now  run  into  a  shipping  bin,  whence  it  is  conveyed  to  the  hold 
of  a  vessel,  for  which  purpose  there  dangle  from  the  side  of  the  building 
sixteen  dock  spouts.  It  shipment  by  rail  is  desired,  a  separate  track  for  that 
purpose  enters  the  warehouse,  and  the  cars  are  loaded  in  much  the  same 
manner  as  are  vessels,  with  this  exception,  that  as  the  grain  enters  the  car  it 
is  thrown,  by  means  of  an  improved  bifurcated  car  loader,  in  opposite  direc- 
tions, so  that  both  ends  of  the  car  are  filled  simultaneously.  On  the  land 
side  of  the  building  is  a  long  row  of  windows  where  wagons  may  be  loaded. 

The  "  marine  leg"  is  worth  describing.  It  is  a  device  ninety  feet  in 
length,  vertical,  consisting  of  an  endless  belt  in  a  movable  leg,  to  which  belt 
is  attached  buckets  capable  of  carrying  eighteen  pounds  each.  The  elevator 
is  carried  on  guides,  and  will  lift  sixty  feet,  taking  grain  from  the  hold  of 
the  largest  propeller  at  the  rate  of  10,000  bushels  an  hour.  With  the  marine 
leg,  vessels  holding  50,000  bushels  are  unloaded  in  five  hours. 

Our  elevatois  are  supplied  throughout  with  every  known  improvement 
for  successfully  conducting  this  branch  of  business.  "Facilities  for  handling 
hundreds  of  tons  of  grain  by  means  of  the  elevators  are  complete.  Either  a 
single  one  or  the  entire  twenty  eight  elevators  may  be  run  or  thrown  out  of 
gear  at  the  will  of  the  operators,  and  the  stuff  may  be  tossed  about  from  the 
bottom  to  the  top  of  the  gigantic  building  and  back  agaip,  or  from  one  end 
of  it  to  the  other  and  return,  without  the  loss  of  scarcely  a  berry.  On  Sep- 
tember 23th  last,  the  new  propeller  America,  the  greatest  carrier  on  these 
waters,  took  her  initial  cargo,  consisting  of  95,000  bushels  of  corn,  in  ono 
hour  and  twenty-five  minutes. 

Orant  Loconwtirc  \Vork*. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Sixteenth  street  and 
Robinson  ave.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  Fifth  avenue  and  Harri- 
son street,  via  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Capital,  $800,000. 
Edward  T.  Jeffery,  late  general  manager  of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  is 
president  of  the  company,  which  has  purchased  the  somewhat  famous  tract 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA..  307 

if  land  known  as  "  Section  21, 'Cicero."  Sixty  acres  in  this  tract,  at  the  north- 
west corner  of  Sixteenth  street  and  Robinson  avenue,  have  been  reserved  as  a 
site  for  the  locomotive  works.  The  capacity  of  the  works  will  be  about  250 
locomotives  per  annum,  and  the  entire'  plant  will  be  completed  within  two 
years.  Preliminary  operations  will  begin  this  summer.  The  works  will  be 
the  only  locomotive  manufacturing  establishment  west  of  -Dunkirk,  N.  Y. 
and  Pittsburg,  Pa.  The  section  is  bounded  upon  three  sides  by  Oak  Park, 
Austin,  Moreland,  Morton  Park  and  La  Vergne,  while  upon  the  remaining 
side,  the  east,  lies  Chicago.  The  works  will  be  a  little  over  six  miles  from 
the  Court-house.  The  land  itself  is  owned  by  the  Grant  Land  Association,  a 
corporation  organized  in  connection  wilh  the  locomotive  works  company,  and 
the  title  is  vested  with  David  B.  Lyman  and  Edward  T.  Jeffery,  trustees. 
The  Wisconsin  Central  railroad  runs  along  the  north  side  and  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  along  the  south  side  of  the  tract.  Both  roads  will  have 
depots  at  Forty-eighth  street,  and  the  company  says  that  both  will  extend 
their  tracks  from  the  main  line  and  enter  the  heart  of  the  tract  at  Sixteenth 
street.  The  Twelfth  street  and  Ogden  avenue  street  car  lice  is  completed  to 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  purchase.  One  feature  of  this  huge  project 
deserves  special  notice.  It  is  Ihe  purpose  of  the  gentlemen  at  the  back 
of  this  addition  to  make  it  one  of  the  great  manufacturing  points  of 
the  vicinity.  To  aid  in  the  accomplishment  of  this  result  a  tract  of 
sixty  acres  has  been  set  apart  for  manufacturing  enterprises.  Only 
first-class  establishments  will  be  permitted  to  locate  there.  The  great 
locomotive  works  are  sure  to  be  a  sort  of  attraction  for  other  and 
smaller  enterprises,  and  beyond  question  this  addition  will  be,  in  a  compar- 
atively short  time,  the  rival  of  the  leading  manufacturing  centers  of  the  coun- 
try. The  character  of  the  men  and  the  large  capital  at  their  command  is  a 
guaranty  of  this  fact.  The  new  addition  is  located  upon  section  21,  which 
has  formed  the  basis  of  some  interesting  recent  litigation.  It  is  about  thirty 
feet  above  Lake  Michigan.  The  natural  drainage  is  as  good  as  one  could 
wish.  To  give  the  reader  an  adequate  idea  of  the  immensity  of  the  locomotive 
works,  it  is  only  necessary  to  state  the  dimensions  of  the  different  buildings. 
These  are  as  follows  :  Machine  shop,  110  by  370  feet;  erecting  shop,  80  by 
285  feet;  blacksmith  shop,  80by250feet:  hammer  shop,  80  by  125  feet;  boiler 
shop,  100  by  250  feet;  wood  shop,  70  by  230  feet;  paint  shop,  70  by  170  feet; 
pattern  shop,  60  by  130  feet;  foundry,  80  by  260  feet ;  core-room,  50  by  60  feet; 
cupola-room,  60  by  80  feet;  boiler-room,  50  by  70  feet;  dynamo-room,  50  by 
60  feet;  office  building,  45  by  130  feet.  The  total  square  feet  amount  to  195,- 
260.  With  a  mammoth  manufacturing  concern  like  this  as  its  foundation, 
where  is  the  chance  to  question  the  future  of  the  enterprise  ?  The  importance 
of  the  Grant  Locomotive  Works  will  be  thoroughly  understood  when  the 
greatness  of  Chicago  as  a  railway  point  is  taken  into  consideration.  Center- 
ing here  and  having  their  terminals  in  Chicago  are  60,000  miles  of  railway. 
Tributary  to  these  trunk  lines  acd  connecting  wilh  them  are  35,000  miles 
more.  This  will  closely  identify  with  this  great  city  nearly  one  hundred 
thousand  miles  of  railway,  and  this  stiipendous  mileage  makes  Chicago  the 
greatest  railway  center  in  the  world.  The  railway  corporations  having  their 
terminals  in  Chicago  own  12,000  locomotives. 

Great  Western  Locomotive  Works. — Recently  incorporated  by  Alfred 
Skinner,  Hugh  R.  Walker  and  Thomas  A.  Wigham.  Mr.  Walker  is  a  prac- 
tical manufacturer,  Mr.  Skinner  is  a  Board  of  Trade  operator,  and  Mr.  Wig- 
ham  is  an  iron  merchant.  The  financial  backing  of  the  enterprise  is  fur- 
nished by  Chicago  men.  Copital  stock,  $1,000,000.  It  is  to  employ  2,OUOineu. 


308  (il.'IDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Illinois  Steel  Company. — In  Chicago  and  its  immediate  vicinity  there  are 
nineteen  coke  blast  furnaces  completed  or  in  course  of  erection.  Of  these 
seventeen  are  owned  by  the  Illinois  Steel  Company,  one  by  the  Calumet  Iron 
and  Steel  Company,  and  one  by  the  Iroquois  Furnace  Company.  The  fur- 
naces not  completely  finished  comprise  four  which  are  being  added  to  the 
South  Chicago  plant  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Company,  and  one  which  is  being 
built  by  the  Iroquois  Furnace  Company,  in  the  same  locality.  Engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  steel,  or  rolling  iron  and  steel  into  shapes  of  various 
forms,  there  are  seventeen  separate  plants,  of  which  four  belong  to  the  Illi- 
nois Steel  Company.  Included  among  these  are  five  Bessemer  Steel  works, 
two  Robert-Bessemer  works,  three  open-hearth  steol  works,  and  one  crucible 
works.  The  products  of  these  steel  works  and  rolling  mills  consist  of  steel 
rails,  steel  wire  rods,  merchant  bar  iron,  steer  tires,  steel  beams,  splice  bars, 
cut  nails,  railroad  spikes,  car  axles,  steel  car  wheels,  horse  shoes,  special 
shapes  for  agricultural  implements  and  steel  castings.  The  most  important 
iron  and  steel  works  are  those  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Company.  The  Illinois 
Steel  Company  is  a  corporation  formed  by  the  consolidation  of  the  North 
Chicago  Rolling  Mill  Company,  the  Joliet  Steel  Company,  and  the  Union 
Steel  Company.  The  consolidation  was  effected  May  1,  1889,  and  brought 
under  one  control  and  management  five  plants  as  follows:  North  Chicago 
Works,  South  Chicago  Works  and  Milwaukee  Works,  of  the  North  Chicago 
Rolling  Mill  Company;  Joliet  Steel  Company's  Works,  at  Joliet;  Union  Steel 
Company's  Works,  at  Chicago.  Other  property,  such  as  coal  lands  and  coke 
ovens,  etc.,  belonging  to  the  separate  companies  was  also  ir  eluded,  the  -whole 
comprising  a  property  which  is  capitalized  at  $50,000,000.  The  five  plants  of 
the  company  occupy  over  500  acres  of  ground,  and  the  coal  lands  consist  of 
4,500  acres,  on  which  there  are  1,150  coke  ovens.  The  company  own  1,500  cars 
used  in  the  coke  trade,  and  the  internal  transportation  at  thedifferent  plants 
requires  the  use  of  SOOcars  and  forty-two  locomotives  of  standard  gauge, besides 
seventeen  narrow  gauge  locomotives  hauling  special  trucks.  There  are  sixty 
miles  of  standard  gauge  and  seven  miles  of  narrow  gauge  railroad  intheyards. 
The  output  of  finished  product  for  the  year  ending  June  80,  1890,  was  as  fol- 
lows: Riils.  5:39,603  gross  tons;  rods,  49,800  gross  tons;  bar  iron  and  steel, 
56,415  gross  tons;  billets,  29.295  gross  tons;  beams  and  channels,  5,161  gross 
tons;  total,  680,274 gross  tons.  During  four  months  of  the  year  the  largest 
rail  mill  of  the  company  was  undergoing  reconstruction  and  did  not  contrib- 
ute to  the  above  product.  The  blast  furnaces  (fourteen  in  blast)  produced 
during  the  same  period  the  following:  Pig  iron,  614,240  gross  tons;  spiegel, 
32,777  gross  tons;  total,  647, 017  gross  tons.  The  Bessemer  works^fdur  plants) 
with  a  total  of  nine  vessels,  of  capacities  from  six  to  ten  tons,  produced:  In- 
gots, 751, 833  gross  tons.  The  product  handled  in  and  shipped  from  the  vari- 
ous works  was  thus:  Pig  iron  and  spiegel,  647,017  gross  tons,  Bessemer 
ingots,  751.833  gross  tons;  rails,  539,603  gross  tons;  billets,  81,585  gross  tons; 
rods,  X49, 800  gross  tons;  bar  iron  and  steel,  56,415  gross  tons;  beams  and 
channels,  5,161  gross  tons;  total,  2,131.414  gross  tons.  In  the  manufacture  of 
this  product  there  was  used  in  round  numbers  the  fallowing  materials:  Iron 
ore,  1,100,000  gross  tons;  coke,  700,000  cross  tons;  coal,  200, 000  gross  tons; 
total,  2,000,000  gross  tons.  About  10,000  men  are  employed  in  the  mills  of 
the  company,  and  the  pay-rolls  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1890,  amounted 
to  about  $6,000,000. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  309 

It  will  be  noticed  that  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  product  of  the  Illi- 
nois Steel  Company  is  in  the  form  of  rails,  and  in  fact,  until  within  a  few  years, 
it  might  be  said  that  the  only  product  of  the  several  works  now  owned  by  the 
company  took  that  form.  All  the  works  were  originally  built  to  make  rails, 
and  for  many  years  the  activity  in  that  trade  was  such  that  no  other  product 
was  thought  of,  but  the  increase  in  the  demand  for  other  forms  of  steel  has 
xmadc  it  necessary  to  diversify  the  product,  and  the  company  now  makes  bil- 
lets, rods  and  beams,  as  well  as  miscellaneous  bar  iron  and  steel.  A  very 
large  open-hearth  steel  works  and  plate  mill  are  under  way,  and  a  mill  for 
rolling  all  classes  of  structural  steel  will  be  built  in  the  near  future.  To  pro- 
vide for  the  increased  output  and  to  make  the  company  independent  of  out- 
side sources  for  their  supply  of  pig  iron,  four  new  blast  furnaces  of  the 
largest  size  have  recently  been  builtand  will  shortly  be  blown  in.  When  the 
additions  and  improvements  now  under  way  are  completed,  the  plant  of  the 
company  will  comprise  the  following:  19  blast  furnaces,  1  200,000  gross 
tons;  4  Bessemer  works,  1,100,000  gross  tons;  1  open-hearth  works,  75,000 
grosstons;  4  rail  mills,  850,000  gross  tons;  2  billet  mills,  100,000  gross  tons; 
1  rod  mill,  60,000  gross  tons;  1  structural  mill,  80,000  gross  tons;  1  plate 
mill,  60,000  gross  tons;  1  merchant  mill,  75,000  gross  tons;  total  annual 
capacity,  3, 600,000  gross  tons. 

Three  of  the  plants  of  the  company  are  located  within  the  corporate 
limits  of  the  cily  of  Chicago — the  North  Works,  the  South  Works  and  the 
Union  Works.  One  is  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.  .ninety  miles  north  of  Chicago, 
and  one  is  at  Joliet,  111.,  forty  miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  All  the  works 
are  connected  by  telegraph  and  telephone  service  with  the  central  office  in 
Chicago,  and  with  each  other.  The  following  description  of  each  of  the 
plants  is  necessarily  brief,  and  it  will  be  understood  that  many  details  of  pos- 
sible technical  interest  arc  omitted. 

NOKTH  CHICAGO  WOKKS. — Situated  on  the  North  branch  of  the  Chicago 
river,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  city.  Take  Chicago  &  North-Western 
train  at  Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  to  Clybourii  Station,  or 
Chicago,  Mil  waukee  &  St.  Paul  train  at  Union  depot,  to  Works;  or  Cly bourn 
avenue  street  cars.  This  js  the  oldest  of  the  plants  of  the  company,  having 
been  started  in  18")7  as  a  mill  for  re-rolling  iron  rails.  The  manufacture  of 
iron  has  lono1  bj'ja  discontinued,  and  the  product  at  present  is  steel  rails, 
beams  and  slabs.  The  plant  consists  of  two  blast  furnaces,  16  feet  by  65  feet, 
oneof  which  is  talking  spiegel;  a  Bessemer  plant,  with  two  six  ton  vessels; 
a  thirty-inch  three-high  blooming  mill,  and  a  twenty  three  inch  three  high 
mill,  which  is  use'l  for  rolling  rails  and  beams.  The  furnaces  were  built  in 
1869,  and  were  originally  equippe  1  witli  pipe  stoves,  which,  within  two 
years,  have  bsen  replaced  by  fire  brick  stoves  of  the  Gordon  and  Massick  & 
Crookes  type  Ore  for  these  furnaces  is  brought  by  vessel  and  by  rail  from 
the  Lake  S  iperior  mines,  and  delivered  close  to  the  furnaces.  The  product 
is  chiefly  Bessemer  iron,  but  a  good  deal  of  spiegfl  is  made  from  native  and 
foreign  ores.  All  the  iron  is  run  into  pigs,  as  the  Bessemer  plant  is  not  fitted 
to  use  direct  metal.  The  Bessemer  plant  was  built  in  1872,  on  the  designs  of 
A.  L  Holley,  and  consists  of  two  six  ton  vessels,  five  cupol  is  for  re-melting 
pig  iron,  three  spiegel  cupolas,  a  ladle  crane,  and  three  ingot  cranes,  all 
arranged  on  the  Holley,  or  American  plan,  two  horizontal  blowing  engines, 
hydraulic  pumps,  etc.  At  the  time  of  its  construction  this  was  the  most  com- 
pletely equipped  Bi-isemer  works  in  America,  a.nd,  for  a  plant  of  its  relatively 
small  size,  has  done  remarkably  good  work.  Yery  few  changes  have  been 


310  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

made  in  the  machinery  and  equipment,  and  it  is  now  somewhat  antiquated,  but 
still  capable  of  giving  a  good  account  of  itself.  Ingots  (three-rail)  are  heated 
in  coal  furnaces,  bloomed  and  cut  to  single  rail  lengths,  as  the  mill  arrange- 
ments will  not  permit  the  rolling  of  longer  lengths.  The  blooms  are  re-heated 
in  coal  furnaces.  The  rail  mill  rolls  the  usual  patterns  of  rails  and  beams  up 
to  fifteen  inches  depth.  Pieces  are  handled  at  the  rail  train  with  hooks  and 
toags  in  the  old-fashioned  way,  and  it  may  be  noted  that  this  is  the  only  mill 
of  the  company  where  this  is  now  done.  Some  historical  interest  attaches  to 
these  works  from  the  fact  that  in  the  old  rail  mill  the  first  steel  rails  made  in 
America  were  rolled  May  24,  1865,  from  blooms  made  at  the  experimental 
Bessemer  Works,  at  Wyandotte,  Mich. 

SOOTH  CHICAGO  WORKS. — This  is  the  largest  of  the  company's  works,  and 
is  situated  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  twelve  miles  south  from  the 
Court-house.  Take  Illinois  Central  train,  foot  of  Randolph,  Van  Buren,  Six- 
teenth or  Twenty-second  streets,  for  South  Chicago.  The  facilities  for  receipt 
and  shipment  of  material,  both  by  vessel  and  rail,  are  excellent.  The  largest 
steamers  plying  on  the  lakes  bring  ore  to  the  docks,  and  three  railroad  lines 
come  into  the  yard,  furnishing  connection  with  the  entire  railroad  system  of 
Chicago,  The  site  of  this  plant  was  in  1880  a  sand  beach,  barely  above  the 
level  of  the  lake.  In  that  year  the  erection  of  four  blast  furnaces  was  begun, 
and  in  1881  ground  was  broken  for  the  Bessemer  and  rail  mills.  The  plant 
now  in  operation  consists  of  four  furnaces,  21x75  feet;  a  Bessemer  plant  with 
three  10-ton  vessels;  a  40  inch  3-high  blooming  mill;  a  27-inch  3-high  rail 
train,  and  all  facilities  for  handling  a  large  output  of  rails,  which  at  present 
is  the  only  product.  Four  more  blast  furnaces,  21x85  feet,  are  ready  to  blow 
in;  an  open  hearth  steel  plant  and  plate  mill  are  under  way,  and  a  new  harbor, 
200  feet  wide  by  2,500  feet  long,  has  been  built  for  the  accommodation  of  vessels 
bringing  ore  to  the  docks.  The  four  blast  furnaces  now  at  work,  and  fur- 
nishing about  800  tons  of  metal  per  day,  have  12  Whitewell  stovesT  eight 
blowing  engines,  and  an  excellent  equipment  in  every  respect  The  metal 
from  them  is  used  direct  in  the  Bessemer  works,  to  which  it  is  conveyed  in 
ladles  upaninclined  track.  Orefor  thesefurnacesis received almostentirelyby 
water,  and  vessels  are  unloaded  into  an  ore-yard  back  of  the  furnaces  cover- 
ing 300x1, 200  feet.  The  machinery  for  discharging  vessels  is  exceptionally 
rapid  in  its  operation,  and  vessels  can  be  unloaded  at  the  rate  of  250  to  300 
tons  per  hour.  The  Bessemer  works  began  operation  in  June,  1882.  There  are 
three  10-ton  vessels  working  to  one  casting  pit,  three  ladle  cranes,  four  ingot 
cranes,  two  horizontal  blowing  engines,  pressure  pumps,  etc.  Four  spiegel 
cupolas  and  two  iron  cupolas  for  remelting  pig,  occupy  separate  houses  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  converting  building.  The  ladles  with  iron  and  spiegel 
pass  in  front  of  the  vessels.  A  large  building  in  the  rear  of  the  vessels  is 
devoted  to  making  bottoms,  lining  ladles,  etc.  The  vessels  are  made  with 
removable  shells  on  Holley's  plan,  with  a  powerful  hydraulic  lift  under  each 
for  handling  the  shells  and  changing  bottoms.  Anew  blowing  engine  and 
boilers  are  being  added  to  this  plant,  the  intention  being  to  insure  a  large  out- 
put. The  largest  twenty-four  hours'  work  of  this  plant  to  date  has  been 
1,400  tons  of  ingots.  The  steel  is  cast  into  ingots  sixteen  inches  square  and 
making  six  rails  each.  The  ingots  are  taken  from  the  pit  and  conveyed  in  an 
upright  position  to  the  soaking  pits  (which  are  not  Gjers'  pits,  but  holes  con- 
taining eight  or  ten  ingots,  tired  with  gas  passing  through  regenerators), 
and  after  heating  are  taken  to  the  blooming  train.  Here  an  ingot  is  reduced 
in  nine  passes  to  a  bloom  eight  inches  square,  which  iscut  into  two  blooms, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  311 

each  making  three  rails.  Ordinarity  these  blooms  are  rolled  direct  to  rails, 
but  a  furnace  is  provided  for  reheating  auy  that  are  too  cold  to  rott.  The  rail 
train  is  iu  two  parts  (each  driven  by  a  separate  engine),  placed  parallel  to  each 
other  and  80  feet  apart.  The  bloom  after  roughing  (five  passes)  in  the  first 
train  goes  to  the  second  in  which  it  makes  four  passes  and  then  returns  to 
the  first  train,  where  it  is  finished  to  a  rail  in  four  passes.  This  train 
replaces  a  26-inch  2  high  reversing  mill,  put  down  in  1882,  and  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  train  in  two  parts  was  made  necessary  by  the  limitation  of 
the  size  of  the  building  in  which  the  old  train  stood.  The  rail  then  passes 
to  the  saws  and  hotbed,  and  to  a  very  complete  finishing  house  where  it  is 
straightened,  drilled,  inspected  and  loaded  on  cars.  The  completion  of  the 
new  furnaces,  the  open-hearth  plant  and  the  plate  mill,  will  make  these 
works  the  largest  establishment  in  the  country.  In  anticipation  of  this  the 
company  have  erected  a  fine  office  building  and  a  laboratory,  which  is  the 
largest  and  best  of  its  kind.  Nearly  all  the  ore  for  the  supply  of  fifteen  fur- 
naces is  unloaded  at  the  docks  of  this  plant,  and  a  large  part  of  it  sent  by^ail  to 
the  Joliet  and  Union  Works.  To  provide  for  this  immense  business,  which 
must  be  done  in  seven  months  of  the  year,  the  new  harbor  and  ore-handling 
machinery  have  been  put  in,  and  it  is  expected  that  shortly  5,000  tons  of  ore 
will  be  handled  per  day  on  the  new  dock.  An  interesting  detail  of  this  plant 
is  the  use  of  crude  petroleum  for  firing  boilers.  The  oil  is  delivered  to  the 
works  by  a  pipe  connecting  with  the  main  pipe  from  Lima,  Ohio,  208  miles 
distant. 

MILWAUKEE  WORKS. — This  plant  is  situated  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan at  Bay  View,  a  suburb  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  occupies  a  very  fine 
site,  with  ample  room  for  extension.  Take  Chicago  &  North-Western  train  at 
Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kiuzie  streets,  or  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  train  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  streets.  This  is  the  only  works 
of  the  Illinois  Steel  Company  where  manufactured  iron  is  produced,  the  other 
plants  being  devoted  to  steel.  It  was  built  for  a  rail  mill  in  1868,  and 
enlarged  and  adapted  to  merchant  iron  work  in  1874  and  1884.  The  product 
is  now  miscellaneous  bar  iron  and  steel,  fish  plates,  light  rails  and  nails. 
There  are  two  blast  furnaces,  17x66  feet,  built  in  1870,  and  lately  remodeled 
and  equipped  with  fire-brick  stoves.  The  product  is  mostly  forge  and 
foundry  iron  and  some  Bessemer  iron .  Ores  are  brought  from  the  Lake  Supe- 
rior mines  and  from  an  interesting  deposit  at  Iron  Ridge  in  Wisconsin. 
This  latter  ore  is  a  red  oolite,  with  55  per  cent,  iron  and  over  1  per 
cent,  phosphorus,  is  cheaply  mined  and  makes  a  pig  very  suitable 
for  the  base  Bessemer  process.  The  mills  are  provided  with  eight  trains 
of  rolls,  from  eight  inches  up  to  twenty-two  inches  in  size,  puddling  and 
heating  furnaces,  both  coal  and  gas  fired,  producers,  etc.,  and  machinery 
well- adapted  to  the  class  of  work  turned  out.  There  is  a  well  appointed  nail 
factory  with  100  nail-cutting  machines.  This  plant  will  probably  continue 
to  produce  manufactured  iron,  but  the  increase  in  the  demand  for  steel  prod- 
ucts, now  rolled  from  steel  made  at  other  plants,  will  soon  necessitate  the 
erection  of  a  steel  works  to  make  basic  ingots. 

UNION  WORKS. — This  plant  is  located  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
City  of  Chicago,  on  the  south  branch  of  the  river.  Originally  built  as  an 
iron  rail  mill  in  1863,  a  Bessemer  plant  was  afterwards  added,  in  which,  on 
July  26,  1871,  the  first  Bessemer  steel  produced  in  Chicago  was  made.  Blast 
furnaces  were  later  erected,  as  also  plate  and  bar  mills,  a  rod-mill  and  a  wire- 
drawing plant.  In  1884  the  property  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Union  Steel 


312  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Company,  and  was  thoroughly  remodeled,  A  large  part  of  the  machinery  and 
buildings  being  removed  and  replaced  by  modern  appliances.  The  product 
at  present  is  entirely  rails.  There  are  four  blast  furnaces,  two  14  by  12  feet, 
and  two  16  by  75  feet,  supplied  with  an  excellent  equipment  and  doing  very 
good  work.  The  metal  is  run  into  pigs,  as  the  Bessemer  work  does  not  use 
direct  metal.  In  the  Bessemer  plant  there  are  two  10-ton  vessels  working  to 
one  pit,  five  iron  cupolas,  four  spiegel  cupohis,  two  ladle  crants,  four  ingot 
cranes,  three  blowing  engines,  the  necessary  hydraulic  pumps,  etc.  This 
plant  made  its  first  blow  May  31,  1886,  and  enjoys  the  distinction  of  having 
made  the  largest  product  with  two  vessels  of  any  plant  in  America.  During 
the  year  ending  the  30th  of  June  1890,  318,000  tons  of  ingots  were  turned  out; 
the  largest  month's  output  was  36,200  tons,  and  the  largest  twenty-four  hours' 
output  was  1,639  tons.  Ingots  15-inches  square  are  cast,  making  four  rails 
each,  and  are  heated  in  soaking  pits  fired  with  gas,  and  rolled  in  a  36  inch 
8-high  blooming  mill  to  blooms  7%  inches  square  and  cut  to  2  rail  lengths. 
These  are  then  rolled  without  reheating  in  a  25  inch  3-high  train,  provided 
with  table*  for  handling  the  rails  at  the  rolls.  This  train  is  driven  by  one 
engine  and  has  rolled  1,812  tons  of  rails  in  twenty-four  hours,  28,490  tonsin 
a  month  and  260,000  tons  in  the  year  ending  June  30,  1890.  A  separate 
finishing  house  provides  ample  facilities  for  handling  and  shipping  a  large 
product.  Rails  from  50  to  90  pounds  per  yard  are  rolled  in  this  mill.  -The 
steam  fuel  used  at  this  plant  is  crude  petroleum,  which  is  delivered  in  tank 
cars  and  pumped  to  the  several  departments.  The  railroad  connections  to 
the  Union  Works  are  ample,  but  the  yards  are  somewhat  crowded,  owing  to 
the  situation  in  a  thickly  built  part  of  the  city.  Ore  was  formerly  received 
by  vessels,  but  now  comes  by  rail  from  the  South  Works,  where  it  can  be 
more  cheaply  and  quickly  handled. 

JOLIET  WORKS. — This  works  was  started  as  an  iron  mill  in  1870,  and  a 
Bessemer  works  aud  steel  rail  mill  on  Holley's  designs  were  added  in  1873. 
Two  blast  furnaces  were  built  in  1873,  the  Bessemer  and  rail  mill  were 
remodeled  in  1885,  a  G.irrett  rod  mill  was  put  down  in  1888,  and  a  third  blast 
furnace  was  completed  in  1890.  The  product  is  now  rails,  billets  and  rods. 
Although  ores  for  this  plant  have  to  be  transported  by  rail  from  Chicago  or 
the  mines,  there  is  yet  a  considerable  advantage  in  the  location  of  the  works, 
and  one  which  determined  the  original  installation,  namely,  the  ample  and 
cheap  supply  of  coal  for  steam  and  heating  purposes,  which  is  obtained  from 
the  Illinois  coal  fields,  at  no  great  distance  from  the  works.  The  railroad 
connections  are  very  good.  The  blast  furnaces  are  20  feet  by  80  feet,  and 
are  furnished  with  fire-brick  stoves  of  the  Gordon,  Cowpcr  and  Massick  & 
Crookes  type;  Their  product  is  Bessemer  metal  exclusively,  which  is  used 
direct  in  the  Bessemer  works,  to  which  itis  conveyed  in  ladles,  up  an  incline, 
crossing  two  main  lines  of  railroad  by  an  overhead  bridge.  The  Bessemer 
plant  contains  two  8  ton  vessels,  cupolas  for  rem'elting  pig  to  supple- 
ment the  direct  metal  from  furnaces,  spiegel,  cupolas,  hydraulic  cranes, 
blowing  engines,  etc. ,  all  of  good  and  modern  types.  A  great  deal  of  special 
low  carbon  steel  is  made  for  billets,  etc.,  besides  the  usual  rail  steel.  The 
rail  mill  comprises  gas  and  coal-fired  furnaces,  a  36-inch  3-high  blooming 
train,  and  a  24  inch  rail  train  in  two  parts,  each  driven  by  a  separate  engine. 
The  rail  train  is  fed  byan  ingenious  arrangement  of  troughs  and  tables, 
which  is  also  used  in  the  rolling  of  billets,  which  are  made  in  the  same  train. 
After  leaving  the 'train  the  billets  are  cut  to  lengths  by  a  hydraulic  shear 
which  works  with  great  rapidity,  and  dropped  under  a  conveyor  consisting 


e  < 


3 


e    CQ 
«    S 

3 
p 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  313 

of  a  chain  of  rollers  kept  in  motion  by  an  engine.  The  billets  thus  travel 
at  twice  the  speed  of  the  rollers,  and  are  carried  several  hundred  yards  to  the 
rod  mill,  where  they  are  automatically  dumped  in  piles.  Some  350  tons  of 
4  inch  billets  have  been  rolled  and  conveyed  in  twelve  hours.  The  rod  mill 
is  of  the  most  modern  Garrett  type,  and  is  turning  out  a  large  product,  over 
5,000  tons  of  No.  5  rod  having  been  rolled  in  a  single  month.  There  are  two 
engines  driving  the  sections  of  the  train,  and  the  mechanical  details,  includ- 
ing the  reels,  are  of  the  first  class.  Very  complete  offices  are  accommodated 
in  a  handsome  building  of  the  limestone  for  which  Joliet  is  famous,  and  an 
interesting  and  uncommon  feature  is  the  Athenaeum,  a  very  completely 
appointed  club  house  and  library  for  the  accommodation  of  the  employes. 
This  institution  was  built  by  the  Joliet  Steel  Company  before  the  consolida- 
tion, and  affords  to  every  employe,  at  a  merely  nominal  charge,  the  advan- 
tages and  conveniences  of  a  lirst-class  library  and  club. 

John  H.  Bass  Car-wheel  Works. — Situated  at  Clark  and  Forty-seventh  sts., 
on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad.  The  main  foundry  building  is 
100x174  feet,  and  its  daily  capacity  is  192  car  wheels  and  ninety  tons  of  other 
castings,  which  make  an  aggregate  capacity  of  150  tons.  These  works 
employ  400  men.  The  Chicago  works  form  only  a  small  part  of  Mr.  Bass' 
iron-manufacturing  enterprises.  His  Fort  Wayne  works,  at  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.,  148  miles  from  Chicago,  cover  between  twenty -five  and  thirty  acres. 
The  daily  wheel  capacity  of  the  foundry  is  700  car  wheels.  The  total  daily 
capacity  of  the  foundry  is  800  tons  of  car  wheels  and  other  castings.  Other 
departments  embraced  in  this  plant  are  machine,  boiler  forge  and  mill- 
wright shops,  all  of  which  are  in  full  operation.  The  Fort  Wayne  Iron 
Works,  also  owned  by  the  same  gentleman,  comprise  large  foundry  and 
machine  shops.  The  total  force  of  bands  employed  by  him  in  Fort  Wayne 
numbers  about  1,500.  At  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  is  still  another  plant,  consisting  of 
one  foundry,  80x475  feet,  and  a  second,  60x250  feet,  having  a  dailj  capacity 
of  200  car  wheels.  The  foundry  capacity  besides  car  wheels  is  100  tons  daily 
of  general  castings,  or  175  tons  in  the  aggregate.  A  machine  shop  is  operated 
in  connection  with  these  foundries.  The  St.  Louis  works  employ  from  400  to 
500  men.  Mr.  Bass  also  owns  an  iron  property  consisting  of  18,000  acres  in 
Alabama,  on  which  he  operates  a  charcoal  blast-furnace,  manufacturing  a 
large  portion  of  wheel-iron.  Other  local  manufacturers  of  cast-iron  car  wheels 
are  the  Union  Foundry  and  Pullman  Car-wheel  Works,  the  Chicago  Car- 
wheel  Company,  the  Barmim-Richardson  Manufacturing  Company,  the 
C.  A.  Treat  Manufacturing  Company,  the  Wells  &  French  Company,  and  the 
United  States  Rolling  Stock  Company. 

Joseph  Kliekn. — Located  at  114-116  South  Jefferscn  st.  Established  1877. 
A  great  room  and  picture-frame  molding  manufactory.  Employs  about  100 
hands,  and  supplies  dealers  in  nearly  every  State  and  Territoiy  in  the  cdun- 
try.  The  mill  is  handsomely  fitted  up  with  ingenious  machinery  and  is 
worthy  of  a  visit. 

Reams  &  Orme. — Located  at  52  Michigan  street.  Manufacturers  of  the 
celebrated  Reams'  Pop  Safety  Valve,  the  most  sensitive,  effective  and  dura- 
ble safety  valve  made.  These  valves  are  made  of  the  best  material  and  work- 
manship and  under  the  direct  supervision  of  skilled  mechanics,  thereby  guard- 
ing against  all  ordinary  defects  of  construction.  They  have  a  world-wide 
celebrity. 


314  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Jiurz  Bros.  &  Buhrer.—  Located  at  832,  834,  836,  838  and  840  Austin 
avenue.  Manufacturers  of  light  gray  iron  castings.  The  buildings  cover  120  by 
300  feet;  capacity,  15  tons  per  day.  There  are  120  men  employed.  All  kinds 
of  agricultural,  architectural  and  hardware  castings  are  turned  out  here,  and, 
besides,  a  large  business  is  done  in  japanning  and  galvanizing. 

Lake  Side  Nail  Company. — Situated  at  Hammond,  Indiana.  Take  train 
at  Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van  Buren  aud  Sherman  sts.,  or  at  Dearborn 
Station,  Fourth  ave.  and  Polk  st.  This  company  manufactures  steel  cut- 
nails  exclusively.  Their  plant  consists  of  two  3-ton  Bessemer  convert- 
ers, four  Smith  gas-heating  furnaces,  two  trains  of  22-inch  rolls,  and  101  nail 
machines. 

Lemont  Stone  Quarries. — When  the  County  of  Cook  built  the  "old 
original  Court-house"  in  1851  and  '52,  it  was  decided  by  the  people  and  the 
wise  rulers  of  the  county  that  there  was  no  suitable  stone  material  in  the 
vicinity  of  Chicago  for  the  purposes  of  permanent  building.  After  looking 
the  country  over  it  was  decided  that  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  furnished  the  most 
desirable  and  conveniently  accessible  material,  aud  the  stone  for  this  building 
and  the  wall  around  it  was  actually  transported  over  500  miles.  But  the 
building  growth  of  Chicago  was  not  to  be  retarded  for  the  want  of  durable 
and  accessible  cheap  building  material,  and  certain  of  her  enterprising  citi- 
zens, who  had  been  connected,  or  were  familiar,  with  the  construction  of  the 
Illinois&Michigan  canal,  notably  among  whom  being  A.  S,  Sherman  and  Mr. 
H.  M.  Singer,  still  of  this  city,  concluded  to  open  up  the  deposits  of  stone  at 
Lemont,  which  the  cutting  through  of  the  canal  had  developed.  From  these 
small  beginnings  has  grown  up  one  of  the  largest,  most  important  and  pros- 
perous industries  of  the  city.  These  quarries  have  not  only  contributed 
largely  to  the  material  growth  of  the  city  by  furnishing  an  accessible  build- 
ing stone  for  all  purposes,  from  the  foundation  stone  to  the  roof  coping, 
besides  flagging,  curbing  and  rubble  stone  for  sidewalk  and  street  improve- 
ment, but  coarser  material  for  rip  rap,  from  which  the  Government,  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  and  all. other  breakwater  works  in  this  vicinity  have  drawn 
their  supplies.  The  business  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  in  1889  there 
were  7  large  concerns  engaged  in  quarrying  and  supplying  stone  for 
Chicago  and  the  surrounding  markets  at  Lemont,  besides  some  18  other 
ompanies  at  Joliet  engaged  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in  the  same  business. 
In  October  of  that  year  a  number  of  Chicago  capitalists  and  business  men 
conceived  the  idea  of  forming  one  large  company  which  would  concentrate 
the  management  of  a  number  of  these  companies,  thereby  reducing  the  run- 
ning expenses  to  a  minimum  degree,  and  by  centralizing  the  business  and 
managementbe  enabled  to  attend  to  the  wantsof  the  trade  with  more  prompt- 
ness and  dispatch  and  securing  better  results  for  the  outlay  of  their  capital 
and  the  exhausting  of  the  quarries,  which  for  various  causes  had  been  largely 
interfered  with  by  unscrupulous  competition  and  all  its  attending  evils.  So 
the  Western  Stone  Company  was  formed,  and  acquired  by  purchase  the 
property  of  six  of  the  large  concerns  at  Lemont  and  Lockport,  and  is  now 
actively  engaged  in  operating  all  of  the  quarries,  manufacturing  and  dressing 
all  kinds  of  machine  dressed  and  mill-work  limestone.  The  company  owns 
26  canal  boats,  seven  steam  canal  barges  and  two  steam  tugs  used  in  the 
transportation  of  their  products  from  the  quarries  to  Chicago,  besides  ship- 
ping extensively  by  rail.  They  operate  10  steam  stone  planners  and  17  gangs 
of  saws  in  manufacturing  flagging  and  sawing  stone.  With  a  practically 
inexhaustible  supply  of  stone  of  convenient  and  easy  access  to  Chicago  by 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  ^      315 

Lumber  District. — Situated  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  city,  from  five 
and  a  half  to  seven  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  along  the  south  branch  of  the 
Chicago  river.  It  maybe  reached  by  Canalport  ave,,  Blue  Island  ave.  or 
Somh  Halsted  st.  cars.  It  extends  from  the  south  branch  west  beyond  West- 
ern ave.,  and  practically  occupies  all  of  the  southern  part  of  the  territory 
covered  by  Western  ave.,  Oakley  ave.,  Leavitt  st.,  Hoyne  ave.,  Robeyst., 
Lincoln  St.,  Honorest.,  Wood  St.,  Paulinast.,  Ashland  ave.,  Charltou  st.  and 
Loomis  st.  Here  the  visitor  will  find  mile  after  mile  of  lumber  yards  laid 
out  into  streets  and  alleys,  where  thousands  of  men  are  constantly  employed 
in  "  shoving"  the  boards  as  they  are  received  from  vessels  in  the  river,  or  in 
loading  them  on  to  long  lines  of  freight  cars.  Here,  too,  are  to  be  seen  some 
of  the  greatest  sash,  door,  blind  and  planing  mills  in  the  world.  The  lumber 
district  is  a  district  all  to  itself.  Foreign  labor  of  all  kinds  is  employed  here, 
but  the  Bohemians  are  in  the  majority.  In  the  lumber  season  it  is  interesting 
to  watch  the  unloading  of  vessels,  to  see  how  ra"pidly  a  cargo  is  discharged, 
and  to  notice  with  what  skill  the  boards  are  piled  in  the  yards.  A  number 
of  serious  riots  have  occurred  from  time  to  time  in  the  "  Jumber  district," 
the  result  of  labor  strikes.  Of  late,  however,  the  laborers  have  quieted 
down.  Building  associations  have  grown  up  among  them;  many  own  their 
own  homes,  and  the  conservatism  which  everywhere  follows  the  possession 
of  property  is  felt  here. 

McCormick  Harvenling  Machine  Company. — Cyius  H.  McCormick,  presi- 
dent; Eldridge  M.  Fowler,  vice  president ;  E.  K.  Butler,  general  manager. 
Offices,  cor.  Wabash  ave.  and  Congress  fct.;  works  four  miles  southwest,  on 
the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  river,  at  the  corner  of  Blue  Island  aves., 
accessible  from  the  business  center  of  the  city,  via  Blue  Island  avenue  street- 
car line. 

That  guide  to  Chicago  would  be  lacking  in  completeness  which  should 
omit  from  its  pages  at  least  a  cursory  description  of  this  mammoth  institution; 
an  establishment  of  such  magnitude  in  itself,  and  of  such  world  wide  scope  in 
its  influences,  as  to  make  it  the  paragon  of  nineteenth  century  business 
enterprise.  The  signal  of  the  great  success  attaint d  by  this  company  was 
sounded  when  the  click  of  the  first  McCormick  reaper  re  echoed  from  the 
hill  sides  of  old  Virginia  in  1831.  The  scale  since  then  has  ever  been  an 
ascending  one,  and  each  new  year  succeeds  the  old  to  find  the  McCormick  a 
full  giant's  stride  in  advance  of  the  position  it  occupied  when  the  last  pre- 
ceding record  was  made  up.  Comparisons  need  not  be  given  here  to  show 
this  steady  progress  upward  and  onward,  but  in  a  general  way  we  may  speak 
of  the  McCormick  works  as  they  are  to-day.  Upon  approaching  the  locality, 
of  which  they  are  the  conspicuous  center,  their  magnitude  is  at  once  apparent, 
and  in  wondrous  contemplation  we  view  the  scene — the  spacious  yards;  the 
multiplicity  of  substantial  manufacturing  buildings;  the  long  line  of  ware- 
houses; the  McCormick  railroad  engine,  plying  back  and  forth  over  the  miles 
of  track  within  the  enclosure  of  the  works;  the  expanse  of  dock  frontage, 
where  the  lar^st  lake  vessels  are  constantly  loaditig  and  unloading  their 
cargoes  at  the  very  doors  of  the  works — added  to  this,  the  busy  buzz  and 
hum  and  whirr  of  tireless  machinery,  the  clanging  of  steel  and  iron,  the 


316  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

• 

industrial  music  of  a  thousand  hammers  in  a  veritable  "anvil  chorus,"  the 
never-ending  "thud,  thump  and  thud  "  of  the  imported  raw  material  as  it 
is  unloaded  from  car  or  Steamer,  and  its  equally-continuous  counterpart  in 
acoustics,  resultant  from  the  inversion  of  the  process,  whereby  the  completed 
machines  are  consigned  to  other  cars  and  other  steamers,  outward-bound  for 
other  shores,  carrying  the  McCormick  to  all  parts  of  the  world — to  every 
clime  whose  summer  sun  ripens  golden  grain.  All  this  it  may  well  be 
imagined  prepares  one,  before  entering  the  works  proper,  to  accept  the  truth- 
fulness of  the  assertion,  oft  reiterated  and  never  disputed,  that  the  McCormick 
works  annually  produce  more  grain  and  grass-cutting  machines  than  any 
other  establishment  in  the  world. 

INSPECTION  OP  THE  WORKS. — On  a  tour  of  inspection  through  the  works 
what  do  we  see  and  learn?  Brielly,  that  the  floor  space  utilized  in  the  various 
departments  aggregates  more  than  thirty-seven  acres;  that  2,000  skilled 
mechanics  are  employed  in  moulding  and  fashioning  the  individual  parts  of 
machinery  for  their  final  splendid  consolidation  in  the  McCormick  harvesters, 
reapers  and  mowers;  that  in  the  prosecution  of  this  work  there  were  consumed 
during  the  year,  ending  August  1,  1891,  17,400  tons  of  special  bar  iron  and 
steel,  2,400  tons  of  sheet  steel  and  21,000  tons  of  castings,  besides  over  8,000,- 
000  feet  of  lumber,  used  chiefly  in  boxing  or  crating  machines  for  shipment. 
Very  little  wood,  be  it  remembered,  enters  into  the  construction  of  the 
McCormick  product;  none — in  fact,  save  that  used  in  the  tongue  and,  possibly, 
one  or  two  minor  parts — a  portion  so  small  that  the  McCormick  harvesters 
and  mowers  are  rightly  termed  "  Machines  of  Wteel."  In  further  elaboration 
of  the  above  figures,  the  Company's  books  show  that  13,671  cars  of  freight 
were  handled  by  them  last  season,  and  that  the  number  of  machines  sold 
reached  the  amazing  total  of  121,780!  Think  of  it!  Even  in  this  day  of 
gigantic  achievements  the  manufacture  and  sale  by  a  single  establishment 
of  121,780  machines,  for  cutting  grass  and  reaping  and  binding  grain,  during 
the  briefly-passing  period  of  a  twelve-month,  is  a  wonderful  performance.  Had 
this  great  number  reference  merely  to  such  implements  as  the  old-time  hand- 
sickle  and  scythe,  it  would  still  be  no  small  feat;  but,  when  it  is  remembered 
that  these  are  all  modern  machines,  to  be  drawn  by  horses,  and  that  their 
weight  is  from  650  to  1,300  pounds  each,  the  fact  is  most  stupendously  pre- 
sented; but,  being  a  fact,  must  so  stand  upon  the  pages  of  recorded  history. 
To  facilitate  the  handling  of  this  enormous  ontput  the  McCormick  works  are 
most  admirably  equipped,  there  being  covered  sheds  from  the  warehouse, 
from  which  fifty  cars  can  be  loaded  and  dispatched  in  a  single  day.  This 
seems  like  a  large  number,  but  when  it  is  considered  that  two  dnys  will  suffice 
to  manufacture  these  fifty  carloads,  that  they  should  be  loaded  and  shipped 
in  one  day  is  not  a  great  achievement.  "What!"  you  exclaim,  "twenty- 
five  carloads  of  McCormick  machines  manufactured  in  a  single  day?  "  It  is 
is  even  so;  yea,  more  than  this:  for  many  months  of  the  year  the  busy  artisans 
of  these  great  works  succeed  in  turning  out  a  complete  machine  during  every 
minute  of  every  hour  of  every  day.  The  running  of  an  establishment  to  this 
seeming  incredible  capacity  is  possible  only  as  the  result  of  a  system;  a 
system,  the  knowledge  of  whose  details  must  challenge  the  admiration  of 
man.  In  short,  so  thoroughly  systematized  are  all  departments,  and  so 
felicitous  are  the  operations  of  the  specially-designed  machinery  used,  that 
the  managers  are  confident  that  in  no  manufacturing  establishment  in  the 
world  is  material  worked  into  completed  forms  so  cheaply  and  so  expedi- 
tiously  as  in  the  works  of  the  McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Company. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  317 

SECRETS  OF  SUCCESS. — The  unrivaled  success  of  the  McCormick  Company, 
and  its  proud  position  in  the  industrial  and  commercial  world  is  such  that  one  is 
involuntarily  prompted  to  ask  the  secret  thereof;  to  Itaru  of  those  seemingly- 
hidden  mysteries  whereby  such  pre-eminence  is  attained.  With  the  McCormick 
Company,  however,  these  secrets,  these  mysteries,  exist  only  in  the  seeming. 
There  are  two  fundamental  rules  for  an  enviable  success  in  legitimate  business, 
especially  that  branch  of  business  represented  by  the  transactions  of  the  buyer 
and  (he  seller:  First,  the  seller  must  have  an  article  or  a  commodity  which  the 
buyer  really  wants,  and,  secondly,  the  buyer  must  be  accorded  uniformly  fair 
and  honorable  treatment  at  thehandsof  theseller.  Would  the  readerknowhow 
well  this  second  fequirment  is  observed  by  the  McCormick  Company,  he  is 
respectfully  referred  to  the  reputation  that  Company  has  builded  in  the  past 
half  century;  to  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  agriculturists  of  all  lands  with 
whom  they  have  had  business  relations.  As  to  the  condition-precedent — the 
production  of  an  article  which  is  wanted — itis  not  probable  that  it  is  so  nearly 
fulfilled  by  any  manufacturing  establishment  in  the  world  as  by  the  McCor- 
mick Company,  and  if  we  have  digressed  from  those  topics  suggested  by  a 
visit  to  their  works,  we  return  now  to  speak  more  fully  of  this  particular  feature, 
with  which  one  is  most  favorably  impressed.  We  refe"r  to  the  experimental 
department.  The  immediate  success  of  the  McCormick  machines  and  their 
many  patented  improvements  that  appear  from  time  to  time,  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  all  experimenting  is  done  by  the  manufacturers,  so  that  when  a 
machine  is  placed  upon  the  market  and  labeled  "McCormick"  the  public 
knows  that  it  has  passed  the  experimental  stage  and  will  accomplish  the 
results  for  which  it  was  designed.  At  the  McCormick  Works  new  ideas  pre- 
senting the  possibility  of  practicability  are  not  accepted  until  possibility  has 
been  reduced  to  certainty.  Entire  machines  are  built,  taken  into  the  field 
and  given  thorough  tests  under  all  conditions.  They  are  not  foisted  upon 
the  farmers  simply  because  they  seem  to  possess  merit.  All  doubts  must  first 
be  removed  ;  -the  McCormick  Company  is  not  willing  that  its  experimenting 
should  be  done  at  the  expense  of  its  patrons. 

A  CuurosiTY. — One  of  the  curiosities  in  the  possession  of  the  McCormick 
Company  is  a  time-worn  and  weather  beaten  specimen  of  the  original  Reaper, 
as  invented  by  the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  the  first  practical  machine  that 
ever  entered  a  harvest  field,  and  the  admitted  "  type  and  pattern  after  which 
all  others  are  modeled."  What  volumes  the  storm-buffeted  old  landmark 
speaks  to  the  grey-haired  man  of  the  middle  west!  Why,  to  watch  the 
old  McCormick  Reaper  was  the  delight  of  his  earliest  boyhood,  and,  standing 
in  its  august  presence  now,  he  lives  over  again  the  sunny  days  of  life's  June, 
the  while  the  dear  remembered  faces  of  father  and  mother  come  back  to  him, 
and  in  fancy  he  feels  the  "touch  of  a  vanished  hand" — hears  the  "sound 
of  a  voice  that  is  still." 

AT  TIIK  HEAD  OF  ITS  CLASS. — But  we  must  pass  on.  Indisputably  at  the 
head  of  its  class,  manufacturing  more  than  one-third  of  the  world's  entire 
output  of  grain  and  grass-cutting  machines,  a  detailed  showing  of  the  vast 
annual  product  of  the  McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Company,  and  a 
recapitulation  of  its  widespread  business  interests  would  be  an  undertaking 
beyond  the  scope  of  this  volume,  embracing  as  it  necessarily  would  a  com- 
pilation of  facts  and  figures  of  such  magnitude,  of  such  stupendous  propor- 
tions as  to  well-nigh  establish  an  abiding  faith  in  the  mystic  magic  of  the 
genii  of  old,  and  to  tear  the  veil  of  skepticism  from  the  wildest  prophesies  of 
the  seer  of  today.  What  has  here  been  touched  upon  must  be  accepted  only 


318  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

as  an  intimation  of  the  actuality.  To  the  reader,  the  compiler  of  the  Guide 
would  simply  say  in  conclusion,  "  Go  and  see  for  yourself."  The  verdict  of 
the  world  accords  the  palm  to  the  McCormick  and  the  world's  verdict  is 
always  an  impartial  one. 

Norton  Brothers'  Works.—  Situated  at  Maywood.  Take  train  at  Wells 
Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  streets.  These  works  manufacture  tin  cans  for 
packing  fruit,  vegetables,  etc.  Automatic  machinery,  the  invention  of 
Edwin  Norton,  shapes  the  tinplate  for  can  bodies,  forms  and  solders  them, 
attaches  top  and  bottom,  tests  them  for  leakages,  counts  them  and  afterwards 
delivers  them  in  the  warehouse  or  in  cars  for  shipping.  The  devices  here 
used  are  of  a  most  ingenious  character,  and  almost  entirely  dispense  with 
hand  labor.  A  machine,  also  invented  by  Edwin  Norton,  is  in  use  in  this 
establishment  for^rolling  molten  solder  directly  into  sheets.  The  Norton 
Fluid  Metal  Rolling  Company  have  been  sufficiently  successful  in  adapting 
this  process  to  the  production  of  sheet  steel  to  warrant  them  in  buildings 
plant  for  regular  work.  This  is  now  in  course  of  erection  and  is  intended  to 
produce  sheet  steel  for  the  manufacture  of  tinplate  of  which  Norton  Brothers 
are  the  largest  consumers  in  the  world,  being  interested  in  can  factories, 
working  under  their  automatic  system,  at  New  York,  San  Francisco  and 
Hamilton,  Canada,  the  combined  capacity  of  which  is  a  daily  production  of 
800,000  cans  for  fruits,  vegetables,  oysters,  etc.  As  showing  the  capacityof 
this  firm  to  handle  vast  quantities  of  cans  and  to  supply  other  sections  in  case 
of  a  dearth  of  cans,  such  as  occurred  this  season  in  the  East,  it  may  be  stated 
that  they  loaded  into  cars  and  shipped  during  one  week  in  1890  over 
2,500,000  cans,  shipping  two  trains  of  about  thirty  cars  each  to  Baltimore,  at 
the  same  time  handling  their  regular  Western  trade. 

PULLMAN. 

Pullman  to-day  represents  the  most  advanced  and  improved  example  of 
city  construction  which  the  world  has  seen,  and  it  is  carefully  studied  forits 
suggestive  value  by  men  of  science,  capitalists,  economists  and  students  of 
social  science  throughout  the  world. 

Pullman  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  Chicago  has  to 
offer  her  visitors.  It  is  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Calumet,  fourteen 
miles  south  of  the  Court  House.  The  extreme  length  of  the  town  is  about 
two  miles  in  a  north  and  south  direction,  and  it  is  half  a  mile  in  average 
width.  The  surface  of  streets  around  the  Arcade  is  r.bout  nine  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  lake,  permitting  good  basements  for  buildings.  The  land  rises  to 
the  north  and  west,  and  the  surface  at  the  foundry  is  fifteen  feet  above  the  lake 
level.  All  improvements  in  the  way  of  drainage,  paving,  sewerage,  gas  and 
water,  preceded  the  population,  or  were  put  in  when  the  houses  were  built. 
Pullman  has  a  population  of  11,783  (September,  1891),  and  6,000  operatives  are 
employed  in  all  the  industries  here,  and  their  average  earnings  are  $2  a  day, 
or  over  $600  a  year  each.  These  earnings  averaged  $610.73  each  in  the  Pull- 
man industries  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1891.  In  no  other  place  are 
all  workmen  so  well  provided  for  as  here.  The  following  are  facts  of 
interest  given  in  alphabetical  order  : 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  319 

ARCADE. — This  structure,  256x164  feet  in  size,  contains  on  the  first  floor 
»11  the  stores  of  the  place,  the  bank,  and  post-office.  The  second  story  is  used 
for  offices,  the  library,  and  theater,  and  the  third  for  lodge-rooms.  It  is 
heated  by  steam. 

ARCADE  THEATER. — This  theater  will  accommodate  an  audience,  of  1,000, 
and  is  furnished  with  all  modern  conveniences.  A  good  play  or  concert  is 
given  here  once  a  week,  and  at  prices  about  one-half  of  those  charged  in 
Chicago.  The  drop  curtain  is  the  finest  painting  of  the  sort  in  the  West. 

ART. — The  town  and  shops  were  built  under  the  supervision  of  artists 
and  architects,  and  it  is  the  only  town  in  the  world  built  artistically  and 
scientifically  in  every  part.  Artists  are  employed  in  the  decoration  of  cars 
inside  and  outside,  and  a  large  force  is  engaged  in  carving.  . 

ALLEN  PAPEH  CAR  WHEEL  WORKS. — These  works  have  a  capacity  for 
building  12,000  wheels  a  year.  The  Allen  wheel  consists  of  a  steel  tire,  an 
iron  hub,  and  a  hard  paper  center,  or  core  four  inches  thick,  protected  on 
either  side  by  boiler  plates,  and  all  accurately  bolted  togeter  with  an  inner  and 
an  outer  row  of  bolts  passing  through  the  metal  and  paper.  It  is  used  under 
sleeping  cars  and  other  costly  cars  and  it  will  run  500,000  miles.  These 
wheels  cost  from  $40  to  $65  apiece. 

ATHLETIC  ASSOCIATION. — This  association  consists  of  150  members,  and 
within  it  are  ball  clubs,  rowing  crews,  cricket  clubs,  etc.,  and  they  have  a 
play-ground  of  about  ten  acres  and  an  island  with  boat  houses  and  race  tracks 
and  grand  stands. 

ACCIDENTS. — A  liberal  policy  is  adopted  toward  workmen  who  are  acci- 
dentally injured,  and,  when  necessary,  provision  is  made  for  them  in  Chicago 
hospitals  which  are  easily  accessible. 

ARCHITECTURE. — In  selecting  the  architectural  style  to  be  followed  at 
Pullman,  it  was  deemed  necessary  to  choose  one  that  could  be  adapted  to  the 
great  variety  of  buildings  devoted  to  different  uses.  In  general  terms  the 
style  employed  might  be  designated  the  round  arched  or  Romanesque/without 
the  Byzantine  details  for  the  great  shops  and  principal  buildings.  It  may  be 
said  that  the  dwellings  suggest  a  simplified  modification  of  the  Queen  Anne 
style  of  architecture. 

AMUSEMENTS. — The  island  and  the  play-grounds  furnish  every  opportu- 
nity for  healthful  exercise  and  out-door  amusements.  Rowing  upon  Lake 
Calumet  is  a  common  pastime.  There  are  annual  games  and  regattas  and 
cycling  races,  which  are  attended  by  amateur  athletes  from  all  parts  of  the 
country,  and  which  are  witnessed  by  thousands  of  spectators. 

BAND— (See  Music.) 

BANK. — The  Pullman  Loan  and  Savings  Bank,  in  the  Arcade,  now  (De- 
cember, 1891,)  has  1,950  savings  depositors,  and  their  deposits  aggregate  half  a 
million  dollars. 

BRASS  WORKS. — (See  Union  foundry.) 

BLACKSMITH  SHOPS. — These  shops  form  a  portion  of  the  ear  works,  and 
run  125  forges  for  the  smaller  forgings  used  in  car  construction. 

BIRTH  RATE — 346  children  were  born  here  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
July  31st,  1891,  or  thirty  per  1,000  of  the  population. 

BRICKYARDS. — These  immense  brickyards  have  a  capacity  for  turning  out 
30,000,000  of  brick  a  year.  The  clay  for  them  is  dredged  from  the  bottom  of 
Lake  Calumet.  The  bricks  are  all  machine  made.  The  dredged  area  will  be 
useful  when  the  lake  is  made  into  a  harbor. 

BLOCKS. — The  size  of  a  block  here  which  will  contain  tenements  for  from 


320  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

fifty  to  100  families  is  660  by  330  feet.  Twenty-five  blocks  are  now  occupied 
by  dwellings. 

BOILDINGS. — There  are  brick  tenements  for  1,760  families  ;  there  are  sev- 
enty frame  tenements  in  the  place.  These  brick  buildings  contain  all  the 
modern  improvements — gas,  water,  etc.,  aud  good  basements,  which  in  many 
cases  are  used  for  kitchens  acd  dining-rooms. 

BUSINESS  HOUSES. — Business  men  rent  stores  in  the  Arcade  or  stalls  in 
the  Market  building.  The  Pullman  Company  has  no  business  Interest  in 
these  mercantile  establishments,  but  merely  rents  rooms  to  business  men. 
Pullman  has  the  best  of  markets  and  stores  of  all  kinds. 

CALUMET  RIVER — This  stream  south  of  Pullman  flows  five  times  ns  much 
water  as  the  Chicago  river,  and  will,  in  the  near  future,  furnish  from  forty 
to  fifty  miles  of  wharfage.  The  government  is  improving  the  r.ver  from  its 
mouth  to  200  feet  in  width  and  sixteen  feet  in  depth. 

CAUS. — Cars  of  every  description  are  made  here,  the  shops  having  a 
capacity  for  turning  out  each  week  three  sleepers,  twelve  passenger  cars,  240 
freight  cars,  and  several  street  cars,  the  number  depending  upon  the  value  of 
the  cars.  With  the  exception  of  glass,  blankets,  car  springs  and  plushes 
used  in  upholstering,  everything  for  the  best  cars  is  manufactured  at  Pull- 
man; all  marble  work,  glass  embossing,  mirror-making  and  electroplating 
are  done  here. 

CALUMET  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY. — This  company  makes  paints 
which  are  used  here,  as  well  as  for  the  outside  market. 

CEMETERIES. — In  the  immediate  neighborhood  there  are  cemeteries  as 
follows:  On  the  north  is  Oakwoods,  and  on  the  west  are  Mount  Greenwood, 
Mount  Olivet  and  Mount  Hope  cemeteries. 

CENSUS. — Enumerations  of  the  people  have  been  taken  as  shown  in  the 
following  tabular  statement: 

ENUMERATIONS. 

Dates.                        Population.  Dates.  Population. 

January  1,  1881 4      July  28,  1885 8,603 

Marchl,1881 57      July  1,  1886 8,861 

June  1,1881 654      October  1,  1886 9,013 

February  1, 1882 2,084      October  1,  1887 10,081 

March  8,  1883 4,512      July  1,  1888 10.560 

August  15,  1883 5,823      July  1,  1889 10,610 

November  20,  1883 6,685      July  31,  1890 10,680 

September  30,  1884 8,513      September  30,  1891 11,783 

The  last  census  showed  6174  men,  2,189  women  and  3,420  children  or  a 
total  of  11,783  persons. 

CHICAGO. — Pullman  is  now  in  the  Thirty  fourth  Ward  of  Chicago,  the 
city  containing  1,250,000  population.  Chicago  has  no  parallel  in  the  history 
of  cities.  Melbourne  and  San  Francisco  have  grown  up  simultaneously  with 
it,  but  it  is  nearly  twice  as  large  as  both  those  cities.  Its  area  is  now  183*^ 
square  miles.  It  is  the  second  city  in  the  Union,  having  added  three-fourths 
of  a  million  of  people  to  its  population  in  ten  years. 

CHILDREN'S  WORK. — As  yet,  only  a  few  children  work  in  the  factories 
here,  probably  100  in  all. 

CHURCHES.— Pullman  now  has  eight  different  church  societies  and  a  num- 
ber of  handsome  church  edifices. 

CORLISS  ENGINE.— This  beautiful  engine  ran  the  machinery  at  the  PhVv 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  321 

adelphia  Centennial  Exposition.  It  is  rated  at  2,500  horse-power.  Connected 
with  it  are  3,268  feet  of  main  shafting.  Over  ten  miles  of  belting  convey 
power  to  machinery  in  the  Pullman  shops.  This  engine  weighs  700  tons. 

COLUMBIA  SCKEW  COMPANY. — Here  metal  screws  of  all  sorts  are  made, 
the  average  daily  product,  December,  1891,  b  ing  1,500  gross. 

DAIRY  FARM. — This  farm,  on  the  Calumet  Kiver,  keeps  from  80  to  100 
cows;  the  milk  is  all  sold  in  Pullman  and  vicinity. 

DRAINAGE. — A  system  of  drains  and  laterals  takes  all  the  atmospheric 
water  from  roofs  and  streets  into  Lake  Calumet.  The  drainage  of  the  town 
is  perfect,  and  preceded  the  population,  it  being  put  in  simultaneously  with 
the  building  of  the  houses. 

DEATH  RATE.  —(See  Health.) 

DRY  KILNS. — The  shops  have  extensive  dry  kilns  for  drying  the  lumber 
used  in  passenger  and  sleeping  cars. 

DROP  FORGE  COMPANY. — Here  are  made  all  manner  of  drop  forgings,  as 
well  as  1,500  pairs  of  steel  shears  a  day. 

DWELLINGS. — (See  Buildings.) 

DREDGING. — A  dredge  is  in  constant  use  taking  clay  from  the  bottom  of 
Lake  Calumet  for  the  brick  yards,  and  at  the  same  time  excavating  channels 
for  the  future  use  of  shipping. 

DEPOTS. — There  are  now  eight  railway  depots,  which  render  all  portions 
of  tie  Pullman  lauds  easily  accessible. 

DOCTORS. — There  are  now  four  resident  physicians  here,  one-quarter  of 
the  average  number  in  the  United  States  for  such  a  population. 

ENGINES. — There  are  seventeen  different  steam  engines  in  and  around 
the  Pullman  Car  Works  and  they  are  rated  at  about  9,000  horse-power. 

ELECTRIC  LIGHTING. — The  paint  sliops  of  the  freight  car  works  are  lighted 
by  66  arc  lights,  each  of  1,200  candle-power  and  about  1,000  incandescent 
lamps  are  used  in  other  portions  of  the  works. 

ELECTROPLATING. — All  kinds  of  plating  are  done  in  this  department, 
and  here  are  finished  the  metal  trimmings  used  in  cars,  such  as  curtain  rods, 
brackets,  pumps,  locks,  hinges,  sash  trimmings,  door  knobs,  etc.  The 
department  employs  100  operatives. 

FLATS. — (See  Buildings.) 

FREIGHT  CAR  SHOPS. — The  capacity  of  these  shops  is  forty  finished  cars 
a  day,  or  one  for  every  fifteen  minutes  of  working  time. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. — This  is  now  under  the  city  fire  marshal. 

FLORA. — All  the  flowering  plants  which  thrive  in  this  latitude  are  grown 
at  the  greenhouses  here,  and  are  used  for  adorning  the  parks  and  gardens. 

FOUNDRY.     (See  Union  Foundry.) 

FUEL.— In  what  might  be  termed  the  Pullman  industries  alone,  about 
50,000  tons  of  coal  are  consumed.  All  the  shavings  and  sawdust  from  the 
shops  are  carried  out  of  the  shop  rooms  by  means  of  exhaust  pipes,  and  are 
burned  under  the  boilers. 

GAS  WORKS. — Water  gas  is  made  by  the  Lowe  process,  and  is  carried  into 
every  room  in  Pullman.  The  city  is  lighted  by  gas. 

GLASS. — AH  the  glass  used  in  cars  is  prepared  here,  that  is,  etched,  bev- 
eled, and  silvered  as  required.  Mirrors  for  Pullman  cars  are  also  made  here. 

GEOLOGY. — There  is  a  deposit  here  of  bowlder  drift  blueclay  about  ninety 
feet  thick,  resting  upon  lime  rock,  making  the  best  possible  foundation  for 
buildings  of  every  sort. 


322  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

GREENHOUSES. — These  are  kept  for  furnishing  the  town,  its  parks  and 
gardens  with  flowers  and  shrubs. 

GARBAGE.  —At  present  all  the  garbage  is  collected  each  day  and  buried 
at  a  distance  from  the  town.  Its  disposal  by  burning,  or  by  some  process  of 
rendering  it,  has  been  under  discussion. 

HYDRANTS. — There  are  160  fire  or  street  hydrants,  set  at  intervals  of  300 
feet  on  the  streets. 

HALLS. — There  is  abundance  of  hall  room  in  the  place. 

HAMMER  SHOP. — Car  axles  equalizers  and  other  heavy  forgings  are  made 
here,  and  a  number  of  heavy  steam-hammers  are  in  use. 

HENNEPIN  CANAL. — When  a  canal,  known  under  this  name,  is  made,  its 
natural  northern  outlet  willbe  the  Calumet  river,  which  flows  along  our 
southern  border. 

HISTORY. — Work  was  begun  here  in  May,  1880,  and  the  first  family  came 
January  1,  1881,  the  second  late  in  March  of  the  same  year. 

HEALTH. — The  health  of  the  citizens  here  has  always  been  good.  The 
number  of  deaths  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  July  31, 1890,  was  160,  and  during 
the  year  ending  July  31,  1891,  they  were  176. 

HOSPITALS. — The  city  hospitals  are  so  easily  reached,  that  it  has  not,  as 
yet,  been  found  necessary  to  build  such  an  institution  here. 

HOTEL. — There  is  only  one  hotel,  as  yet,  and  it  can  accommodate  about 
100  guests.  It  is  known  as  Hotel  Florence. 

HOUSES. — (See  Buildings.; 

HOUSE  DRAINAGE. — (See  Drainage.) 

JOURNALS. — The  Arcade  Journal,  a  local  weekly  paper  of  eight  pages,  Is 
the  only  newspaper  published  here. 

ISLAND.— Tne  ground  known  as  the  Island  contains  five  acres,  and  lies  at 
the  foot  of  lllth  street.  It  has  boat  houses,  grand  stands,  a  race  course  and 
grounds  especially  prepared  for  all  manner  of  athletic  exercises.  It  is  under 
the  control  of  the  Pullman  Athletic  Association.  Many  regattas  .have  been 
held  at  this  island. 

ICE  HOUSES. — These  houses,  belonging  to  the  Pullman  Company,  on  the 
southwest  shore  of  the  lake,  hold  24,000  tons  of  ice.  There  are  many  other 
ice  houses  on  the  Calumet  river  and  lake. 

IRON  MACHINE  SHOP. — This  is  a  part  of  the  car  shops,  in  which  all  kinds 
of  iron  machine  work  are  done. 

INSURANCE. — All  property  here  is  kept  fully  insured. 

INDUSTRIES. — The  various  industries  now  here  are  the  car  works  of  Pull- 
man's Palace  Car  Company,  The  Union  Foundry  and  Pullman  Car  Wheel 
Works,  The  Allen  Paper  Car  Wheel  Works,  The  Chicago  Drop  Forge  and 
Foundry  Company's  Works,  The  Pullman  Iron  and  Steel  Works.  The  Calu- 
met Manufacturing  Company's  Paint  Works,  The  Pullman  Brick  Works, 
The  Pullman  Street  Car  Works,  the  works  of  the  Illinois  Terra  Cotta  Lumber 
Company,  The  Columbia  Screw  Works,  and  the  Standard  Knitting  Mills. 

LAKE  CALUMET. — This  lake  is  three  and  a  half  miles  long  by  a  mile  and  a 
half  iu  width,  and  may  eventually  be  made  into  a  good  harbor. 

LAKE  MICHIGAN.  — This  inland  sea  is  330  miles  long  by  an  average  of 
ixty  miles  in  width,  and  90  miles  wide  in  its  widest  part,and  is  576  feetabove 
the  sea  level.  •• 

LAKE  VISTA. — This  little  artificial  lake,  in  front  of  the  shops,  contains 
about  three  acres. 

LIBRARY. — The  Pullman  Library  contains  7,000  volumes,  and  takes  sev- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


323 


enty  papers  and  periodicals.  It  is  a  personal  gift  of  President  Pullman  to  his 
city.  It  is  a  circulating  library;  19,931  books  wer«  drawn  from  it  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1891. 

LABOR. — (See  Workmen  and  Wages.) 

LAND  ASSOCIATION. — (See  Pullman  Land  Association.) 

LIVING  AT  PULLMAN. — Close  proximity  to  the  stock  yards  and  surrounded 
by  market  gardens,  there  is  no  cheaper  place  on  the  continent  than  Pullman 
in  which  to  reside.  Meats  here  cost  less  than  one-half  as  much  as  they  do  in 
New  York  and  Boston. 

LEASES. — The  leases  have  a  clause  permitting  the  tenant  to  vacate  a  house 
on  ten  days'  notice.  (See  Rents.) 

LUMBEHYAHDS. — About  fifty  different  kinds  of  lumber  are  used  here,  and 
nearly  half  a  million  dollars'  worth  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  in  the  yards. 
The  yards  cover  about  eighty  acres  of  ground.  Lumber  is  obtained  from 
South  America,  Central  America,  Mexico,  and  from  half  the  States  of  the 
Union. 

MACHINERY. — There  is  nearly  a  million  dollars' worth  of  machinery  in  all 
the  industries  at  Pullman,  and  it  is  needless  to  say  that  it  is  the  btst  of  its 
kind. 

MANUFACTURING. — The  total  value  of  the  finished  product  from  all  the 
manufactories  at  Pullman  is  now  about  fifteen  millions  of  dollars  a  year. 
That  of  the  whole  country  is  eight  thousaud  millions  of  dollars. 

MARKET. — This  building  is  110  by  100  feet  in  size,  and  in  it  are  the  mar- 
ket stalls  from  which  meat,  vegetables,  fruit,  fish  and  poultry  are  sold.  Over 
the  market  stalls  is  a  public  hall  which  will  accommodate  an  audience  of  600. 

MUNICIPAL. — Pullman  is  now  in  the  thirty-fourth  waid  of  Chicago. 

Music. — Pullman  has  one  of  the  best  military  bands  in  the  West;  it  now 
has  fifty  musicians.  It  carried  off  the  first  prize  in  the  State  band  contest  at 
Peoria,  Oct.  3,  1890;  it  also  took  eight  other  prizes. 

NATIVITY.— The  following  table  exhibits  the  types  of  all  the  workmen 
May  1,  1891,  and  shows  the  countries  where  they  were  born. 


Types 


PRESENT   TYPES   AND   NATIVITY. 

Nativity  Totals        Types  Nativity 


Totals 


American     U.  S. 

2086 

2086 

f  Denmark 
Scandina-J  Norway 

63 
127 

Latin 

vian        1  Sweden 

1181 

[Finland 

4 

1375 

Dutch 

f  England 

408 

•n  ...  ,        J  Canada 
Brltlsh      1  Scotland 

269 
98 

(.Wales 

21 

796 

A  llntli 

f  Germany 

661 

xVll  DllJ 

«•"-  {!££& 

49 
1 

[  Bohemia 

fit 

723 

Irish            Ireland 

315 

315 

NECROLOGY.  —  (S«e 

Health.) 

Belgium 

Switzerland 

France 
(.Italy 

Holland 
f  Australia 

East  Indies 

Greece 


107 
625 


Mexico 

Poland 

[  Russia 


56 
8083 


324  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

OPERATIVES. — (See  Workmen.) 

ORGANIZATION. — The  Pullman  Car  Works  have  a  general  manager  and 
the  town  a  general  superintendent,  and  under  these  are  foremen  in  charge  of 
the  several  departments.  Every  independent  industry,  of  course,  has  its  own 
superintendent. 

PAINT  WORKS. — (See  Calumet  Manufacturing  Company.) 

PLAY  GROUNDS. — (See  Island  and  Amusements.) 

PARKS. — The  whole  place  is  a  park  in  itself. 

PASSENGER-CAR  SHOPS. — (See  Cars.)  These  shops  have  room  for  ahout 
150  cars,  and  turn  out  from  ten  to  twelve  passenger  cars  a  week  and  three 
sleeping  cars.  They  also  repair  from  fifty  to  100  cars  a  month.  These  shops 
are  admirably  lighted  and  perfectly  ventilated. 

PAVEMENTS. — There  are  nearly  eight  miles  of  paved  streets.  The  streets 
are  all  surfaced  with  the  best  of  macadam. 

POLICE. — We  have  a  detail  of  two  men  from  the  Chicago  force. 
POLITICS. — The  two  political  parties  are  about  equally  divided  here. 

POWER. — The  steam  engines  at  Pullman  are  rated  at  over  9,000  horse- 
power. (See  Corliss  Engine.) 

PULLMAN. CARS. — The  Pullman  Company  now  own  and  operate  2,239 
cars  (October  15,  1891),  and  on  125,000  miles  of  railroad. 

In  his  annual  report  made  October  15,  1891,  President  Pullman  says: 
There  have  been  built  during  the  year,  191  sleeping,  parlor  and  dining 
cars,  costing  $3.079,693.62,  or  an  average  of  $16,124,05  per  car.  Ordershave 
been  placed  at  the  company's  works  for  51  Pullman  cars,  the  estimated  cost 
being  about  $16,500  each,  or  an  aggregate  of  $841,500. 

The  number  of  cars  owned  or  controlled  is  2,239,  of  which  1,965  are 
standard  and  274  tourist  or  second  class  cars.  The  number  of  passeneers 
carried  during  the  year  was  5,310,813;  the  number  of  miles  run  186,829,886. 
During  the  previous  year  the  number  of  passengers  carried  was  5,023,057,  the 
number  of  miles  run  177,033,116.  The  year  just  ended  shows,  therefore,  an 
increase  of  about  6  per  cent.,  both  in  the  number  of  passengers  carried  and 
miles  run. 

The  total  mileage  of  railways  covered  by  contracts  for  the  operation  of 
the  cars  of  this  company  is  124,557  miles. 

PULLMAN  CITY  (see  History). — It  was  begun  in  May,  1880,  and  now  has 
about  12,000  people,  with  10,000  more  within  a  mile  of  its  d«pot.  (See  Indus- 
tries and  Census.) 

PULLMAN  COMPANY. — In  remarks  made  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Pullman  Company,  held  October  15th,  1891,  President  Pullman  said: 

There  has  been  added  during  the  fiscal  year  to  the  company's  invest- 
ments in  shops  and  plant  $127,341.41.  The  value  of  manufactured  product 
of  the  car  works  of  the  company  for  theyear  was  $11, 906, 977. 76,  and  of  other 
industries,  including  rentals,  $1,353,494.12.  making  a  total  of  $13,260,471.88. 
against  $10,213,658.10  for  the  previous  year. 

The  averag"e  number  of  names  on  the  pay-rolls  at  Pullman,  in  the  Pull- 
man industries  alone,  for  the  year  was  5,455,  and  wages  paid  $3,331,527.41, 
making  an  average  for  each  person  employed  of  $610.73,  against  $596.46  for 
the  previous  year. 

The  total  number  of  persons  in  the  employ  of  the  company  in  its  manu- 
facturing and  operating  departments  is  13,885;  wages  paid  during  the  year, 
$7,303,108.42.  The  number  of  employes  for  the  previous  year  was  12,367, 
and  wages  paid  $6,249,891.65. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  325 

PULLMAN  FARM. — Three  miles  south  of  the  depot  are  140  acres  of  land, 
which  have  been  drained  and  piped  for  the  reception  and  distribution  of 
sewage,  which  is  pumped  there  from  the  town.  The  leading  crops  aie 
onious,  celery,  cabbage  and  potatoes. 

PULLMAN  IRON  AND  STEKL  WORKS. — These  works  employ  250  men  and 
turn  out  100  tons  of  rolled  iron  a  day.  This  iron  is  made  largely  from  scrap. 

PULLMAN  LAND  ASSOCIATION. — This  corporation  owns  about  8,000  acres 
of  land  in  the  Calumet  region,  and  the  Palace  Car  Company  owns  about  500 
acres.  The  town  is  chiefly  upon  the  lands  of  the  Car  Company. 

RENTS. — The  rents  of  houses  here  range  fron  five  ton  fly  dollars  a  month, 
the  Average  being  fourteen  dollars  a  month;  but  there  are  hundreds  of  tene- 
ments renting  from  six  to  nine  dollars  a  month.  These  rents  are  considerably 
less  than  those  for  similar  tenements  anywhere  else  in  Chicago. 

RAILROAD  — There  are  thirty  miles  of  railroad  connected  with  the  town 
and  shops.  This  road  hiis  three  locomotives  and  150  cars.  The  road  connects 
with  the  belt  lines.  The  United  States  now  have  about  one-half  of  the  rail- 
road mileage  of  the  world,  or  (November,  1891)  170,000  miles.  The  total  of 
the  share  capital  and  funded  debt  and  all  other  forms  of  indebtedness  give  a 
total  of  $10,600,01)0,000,  or  about  $60,000  per  mile.  In  rolling  stock  the 
average  is  one  locomotive  and  one  passenger  car  for  every  five  miles  of  track, 
and  there  are  1,150,000  freight  cars  in  use. 

RIVER  CALUMET. — (See  Calumet  River.) 

STABLES. — The  Pullman  Stables  care  for  sixty  horses,  and  contain  the 
quarters  of  the  Fire  Department. 

SECRET  SOCIETIES. — Such  societies  are  well  represented  here,  there  being 
about  forty  different  clubs  and  associations  in  the  town. 

STREETS. — There  are  nearly  eight  miles  of  paved  streets.  The  width  of 
the  ordinary  street  is  sixty-six  feet,  and  the  distance  between  house  lines  ia 
about  100  feet.  The  main  boulevard,  or  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  street, 
is  100  feet  wide.  The  streets  are  all  well  drained  and  have  good  cobble-stone 
gutters,  well  provided  with  catch-basins;  shade  trees,  too,  are  planted  on 
either  side,  and  there  are  handsome  grass-plats  between  the  sidewalks  and  the 
wagon  roads. 

SEWERS  AND  SEWAGE. — A  system  of  pipes,  entirely  separate  from  the 
drains  for  surface  waters,  takes  the  sewage  from  houses  and  shops  to  a  reser- 
voir holding  300,000  gallons  under  the  water  tower.  The  sewage  is  pumped 
from  this  reservoir  as  fast  as  received  to  a  sewage  farm  three  miles  south  of 
the  town.  The  farm  is  irrigated  with  the  sewage  (See  Pullman  Farm).  The 
dwellings  are  all  provided  with  good  closets,  and  there  are  no  outbuildings 
other  than  woodsheds.  One  million  eight  hundred  thousand  gallons  of  sewage 
a  day  are  pumped  to  the  farm. 

STREET  RAILROAD. — About  four  miles  of  street  car  trackshave  been  laid, 
and  will  doubtless  be  extended  northward  and  soon  connect  with  tracks  lead- 
ing to  the  center  of  Chicago.  All  kinds  of  street  cars  are  built  here. 

StEAM  HEATING — All  the  shops  and  public  buildings,  such  ns  the 
Arcade,  Church,  Schoolhouse  and  Market  are  heated  by  steam,  and  also  all 
the  dwellings  on  the  boulevard,  and  those  surrounding  Arcade  Park. 

SEWAGE  FARM  (see  Pullman  Farm). 

SIDEWALKS. — There  are  twelve  miles  of  sidewalks,  made  largely  of  two- 
inch  pine  plank.  There  is  some  gravel  walk  and  three  blocks  have  brick 
walks. 

SOCIAL  LIFE. — There  are  abundant  opportunities  here  for  social  pleasures, 


326  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

and  a  hundred  local  trains  a  day  make  every  portion  of  Chicago  easily 
accessible. 

SCHOOLS. — There  are  excellent  schools  now  under  the  management  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Education.  The  pupils  in  daily  attendance  average  about 
1,000.  The  entire  enrollment  of  pupils  in  the  public  schools  for  the  school 
year  ending  June  30th,  1891  was  1,218;  611  boys  and  607 girls.  There  were21 
teachers. 

STORES  (see  Arcade). — The  Pullman  Company  have  no  interest  in  mer- 
chandising here  ;  business  men  simply  rent  stores  in  the  Arcade,  and  compete 
for  business  with  all  parts  of  Chicago. 

SUBURBS. — There  are  about  50,000  people  within  four  miles  of  the  Pull- 
man Arcade,  and  the  population  is  rapidly  increasing! 

SUBURBAN  TRAINS. — The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  runs  about  a  hundred 
trains  a  day  to  and  from  Pullman. 

THEATER. — (See  Arcade  Theater). 

TERRA  COTTA  LUMBKR  Co. — The  company  manufactures  a  fire-proof 
tiling  which  is  largely  used  in  the  ceilings  and  in  partitions  of  large  buildings. 

TENANTS. — Tenants  rent  their  dwellings  from  the  company,  and  rents 
are  payable  semi-mnnthly.  There  are  monthly  charges  for  gas  and  water. 
The  company  takes  care  of  the  streets,  parks  and  lawns.  (See  Buildings 
and  Rents.) 

TREES. — Shade  trees  border  both  sides  of  all  streets.  The  trees  are 
largely  elms  and  maples. 

UNION  FOUNDRY  AND  CAR-WHEEL  WORKS. — Tiis  company  has  a  capacity 
for  working  1,000  men  and  using  250  tons  of  melted  iron  a  day.  All  car 
wheels  and  car  castings  are  made  here.  All  the  brass  finishings  used  in  car 
works  are  now  made  here,  and  this  department  employs  250  men,  and  turns 
out  $300,000  worth  of  work  a  year. 

WATER. — The  water  used  here  comes  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  carried 
inside  of  all  tenements.  Water  for  the  use  of  elevators  and  for  some  boilers 
is  pumped  from  Lake  Calumet. 

WATER  TOWER. — This  structure  is  195  feet  high,  and  in  the  top  is  a 
large  boiler-iron  tank  which  holds  half  a  million  gallons.  This  is  kept  tilled 
for  use  in  case  of  fire,  and  only  for  fire  use.  Underneath  the  tower  is  a 
reservoir  holding  over  300,000  gallons,  to  which  all  the  sewage  of  the  town 
comes,  and  whence  it  is  pumped  to  a  farm  three  miles  distant.  (See  Sewer- 
age and  Farm.) 

WATER  WORKS. — The  water  is  bought  by  meter  measurement  from  the 
city  by  the  company,  which  attends  to  the  details  of  collecting  its  own  water 
rates.  The  town  has  about  fifteen  miles  of  water  mains. 

WATCHMEN. — The  shops  are  provided  with  watchmen  who  visit  the  more 
exposed  portions  of  the  buildings  at  short  intervals  of  time,  day  and  night, 
reporting  to  a  central  station  by  telephone.  Every  precaution  is  taken  to 
guard  against  danger  from  fire. 

WAGES. — The  wages  and  earnings  in  Pullman  average  about  $2  a  day 
for  every  person  employed.  Of  course  some  mechanics  earn  ,$3  and  $4  a  day. 
Men  are  paid  twice  a  mouth,  with  checks  on  the  Pullman  bank  here.  The 
Michigan  Bureau  of  Labor  and  Statistics,  during  the  summer  of  1891,  made 
a  personal  canvass  of  8,838  workingmen  in  201  different  industries  in  that 
state,  and  found  the  average  annual  earnings  of  those  operatives  to  be  $467.02 
each,  or  $143.71  less  than  the  average  annual  earnings  of  operatives  at  Pull- 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  327 

man.  The  average  annual  earnings  at  Pullman  were  $610.73  for  that  same 
period.  (See  Pullman  Company). 

WOMEN'S  WORK. — As  yet  few  women  and  girls  are  employed — about  200 
in  all  the  industries  here.  Those  now  at  work  are  in  clerkships,  in  the 
upholstering  rooms  and  in  the  Standard  Knitting  Mills.  New  industries  will 
furnisti  employment  for  all  women  and  girls  who  desire  it. 

WORKMEN. — No  operatives  anywhere  work  under  better  conditions  than 
here,  and  the  earnings  here  are  larger  than  those  of  persons  doing  similar  work 
elsewhere.  The  best  and  cheapest  of  markets,  good  schools,  libraries  and 
churches,  with  delightful  dwellings,  and  steady  work  at  highest  rates  of  pay, 
make  Pullman  a  most  desirable  place  for  the  mechanic;  the  best,  in  fact, 
which  the  world  has  yet  offered  him. 

Pullman  Palace  Car  Company. — Main  office,  Pullman  building.  Presi- 
dent, George  M.  Pullman.  Directors,  George  M.  Pullman,  Marshall  Field, 
J.  W.  Doane,  Norman  Williams  and  O.  S.  A.  Sprague,  of  Chicago  ;  Henry 
C.  Hulbert  of  New  York,  and  Henry  R.  Read,  of  Boston.  One  of  the  great- 
eat  corporations  in  the  world.  (See  Pullman.)  President  Pullman  supple- 
mented his  report  to  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Company,  Thursday, 
October  15,  1891  with  the  following  general  information  :  During  the  fiscal 
year  new  contracts  have  been  made  with  the  following  railroad  companies  : 
Monterey  &  Mexican  Gulf  R.  R.  Co.,  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years  ;  Chicago, 
Peoria  and  St.  Louis  Ry.,  and  Jacksonville,  Louisville  &  St.  Louis  Ry.,  com- 
prising the  Jacksonville  South-Eastern  Line,  for  a  period  of  twenty -five 
years.  The  contract  with  the  Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Co.  has  been  changed  for 
a  new  contract,  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years,  this  company  purchasing 
the  railroad  company's  interest  in  the  cars  owned  under  the  previous  contract. 
There  have  been  built  during  the  year  191  sleeping,  parlor  and  dining  cars, 
costing  $3,079,693.62,  or  an  average  of  $16,124.05  per  car.  Orders  have  been 
placed  at  the  company's  works  for  51  pullman  cars,  the  estimated  cost  being 
about  $16,500  each,  or  an  aggregate  of  $341,500.  The  number  of  cars  owned 
or. controlled  is  2,239,  of  which  1,965  are  standard  and  274  tourist  or  second- 
class  cars.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  during  the  year  was  5,310,813  ; 
the  number  of  miles  run,  186,829,836.  During  the  previous  year  the  number 
of  passengers  carried  was  5,023,057,  the  number  of  miles  run  177,033,116. 
The  year  just  ended  shows,  therefore,  an  increase  of  about  6  per  cent.,  both 
in  the  number  of  passengers  carried  and  miles  run.  The  total  mileage  of 
railways  covered  by  contracts  for  the  operation  of  the  cars  of  this  company  is 
124,557  miles.  There  has  been  added  during  the  fiscal  year  to  the  company's 
investments  in  shops  and  plant,  $127,341  41.  The  value  of  manufactured 
product  of  the  car  works  of  the  company  for  the  year  was  $11,906,977.76, 
and  of  other  industries,  including  rentals,  $1,353,494.12,  making  a  total  of 
$13,260,471.88,  against  $10,213,658.10  for  the  previous  year.  The  average 
number  of  names  on  the  pay-rolls  at  Pullman  for-  the  year  was  5,455,  and 
wages  paid,  $3,331,527.41,  making  an  average  for  each  person  employed  of 
$610,73,  against  $596.46  for  the  previous  year.  The  total  number  of  persons 
in  the  employ  of  the  company  in  its  manufacturing  and  operating  depart- 
ments is  13,885;  wages  paid  during  the  year,  $7,303,108.42.  The  number  of 
employes  for  the  previous  year  wns  12,367,  and  wages  paid,  $6,249,891.65. 
The  Pullman  Loan  and  Savings  Bank  shows  savings  deposits  at  the  end  of  the 
fiscal  year  of  $456,803.04,  a  gain  of  $63,951.57  over  the  previous  year.  The 
number  'of  depositors  has  increased  duiing  the  year  from  1,525  to  1,903, 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

and  the  average  for  each  depositor  is  $240.04.  The  entire  enrollment  of 
pupils  in  the  public  school  for  the  school  year  was  1,218 — 611  boys  and  607 
girls — with  a  regular  staff  of  twenty-one  teachers.  The  population,  as  shown 
by  the  census  of  July  31,  1891,  is  11,783  persons,  as  against  10,680  in  the 
previous  year;  2  297  employes  are  living  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Pullman 
in  houses  not  owned  by  the  company. 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  financial  statement  of  the  corrlpany 
for  the  fiscal  year,  ending  July  1,  1891: 

REVENUE. — From  earnings  of  cars,  $7,871,146.07;  from  patents,  $19,501.79; 
from  manufacturing,  rentals,  dividends,  interest,  etc,  $1,881,676.80;  total, 
$9,772,324.66. 

DISBURSEMENTS. — Operating  expenses,  including  maintenance  of  interior 
furnishings  of  cars,  legal  expenses,  general  taxes  and  insurance,  $3,509,680  89; 
proportion  of  net  earnings  paid  other  interests  in  sleeping-car  associations 
controlled  and  operated  by  this  company,  $1,008,324.41;  interest  on  debenture 
bonds,  $65,600;  dividends  on  capital  stock,  $2,000,000;  repairs  of  cars  in 
excess  of  mileage,  $139,495.88;  total,  $6,783,101.18. 

SUKPMJB  FOH  THE  YKAK. — Being  excess  of  revenue  over  ordinary  dis- 
bursements, carried  to  credit  of  income  account,  $2,989,223.48. 

Richards  &  Kelly  Manufacturing  Company. — Located  at  389  Twenty-third 
street,  two  blockswest  of  Clark  street.  Manufacturers  of  prismatic  sidewalk 
and  vault  lights,  floor-lights,  sky-lights  and  coal-hole  covers.  This  concern 
placed  the  great  sky-light  in  the  Palmer  House,  and  has  performed  a  number 
of  similar  mechanical  feats  equally  ingenious  and  skillful.  The  process  of 
manufacture  is  interesting  to  visitors. 

Seed  Market. — Chicago  for  years  has  been  the  great  market  of  the  coun- 
try for  field  seeds,  the  facilities  for  shipping  to  all  parts  of  the  world  being 
unsurpassed.  There  is  more  grass  seed  shipped  from  this  city  than  from  any 
other  point  on  earth.  There  are  a  number  of  houses  here  which  do  an 
immense  seed  business.  Among  them  areW.  W.  Barnard  &  Co.,  successors 
to  Hiram  Sibley,  6  and  8  N.  Clark  St.;  Albert  Dickinson  &  Co.,  115,  117  and 
119  Kinzie;  104  to  110  Michigan,  and  1600  to  1614  Clark  sts.;  J.  C.  Vauglian 
&  Co.,  88  State  St.,  and  the  Illinois  Seed  Company,  16  N.  Clark  st.  The  firm 
of  Albert  Dickinson  &  Co.  is  one  of  the  greatest  in  the  world.  The  Illinois 
Seed  Company  is  a  young  firm,  comparatively,  but,  as  successors  to  Hiram 
Sibley  &  Co.,  has  built  up  a  great  business. 

Ship  Building  Yard. — The  year  1890  witnessed  the. establishment  of  a 
ship-yard  capable  of  turning  out  vessels  of  the  best  type  for  lake  navigation. 
Prior  to  this  no  iron  or  steel  vessels  had  been  built  at  Chicago.  This  new  enter- 
prise has  been  undertaken  by  the  Chicago  Shipbuilding  Company,  composed 
of  experienced  steel  shipbuilders,  who  have  located  their  works  on  the  Calu- 
met river,  at  South  Chicago,  about  a  mile  above  its  entrance  into  Lake  Mich- 
igan. With  a  river  frontage  of  about  1,400  feet  and  an  average  depth  of 
over  600  feet,  the  works  cover  over  twenty  acres,  affording  ample  room  for 
the  shops  necessary  for  all  the  various  trades  and  occupations  concerned  in 
the  building  of  the  complete  ship,  with  large  storage  ground  for  material 
besides.  Atthe  south  end  of  the  property,  three  slips,  each  400  feet  long  by 
100  feet  wide,  have  been  excavated  to  a  depth  of  twelve  feet  of  water, 
at  a  right  angle  to  the  river,  whose  sides  give  berths  for  building  six 
ships  of  the  largest  class  at  one  time,  which  will  be  launched  sideways 


U9     PJ 

3       I 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  329 

into  the  slips.  Across  the  heads  of  the  slips,  equally  convenient  and  access- 
ible to  all  the  berths,  stretches  a  building  540  feet  long  by  75  feet  wide,  con- 
taining the  boilers  and  shop  engine,  healing  furnaces  for  plates  and  angles, 
blacksmith  shop,  plate  and  angle  shops,  small  machine  shop,  pattern  shop, 
and  in  the  second  story  a  mould  loft  with  a  clciar  floor  200  feet  by  50  feet. 

Here  the  lines  of  the  ships  are  laid  down  full  size  from  the  models  and 
dimensions  furnished  from  the  drafting  office,  and  the  wooden  moulds  made 
by  which  the  steel  angles  and  the  plates  are  shaped.  The  shops  below  are 
filled  with  machinery  of  the  latest  and  most  modern  types — shears,  punches, 
planers,  counters-sinkers,  rolls,  etc. 

The  steel  comes  into  the  yard  from  the  mills  over  a  side-track  from  the 
Calumet  River  railroad,  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  system.  It  is  un- 
loaded from  the  cars  and  delivered  to  the  shops  by  a  traveling  crane  of  sixty- 
two  feet  span,  built  by  the  Brown  Hoisting  and  Conveying  Machine  Com- 
pany, of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  A  system  of  overhead  tracks  in  the  shop  carries 
it  to  the  various  tools,  and  leaving  them,  a  narrow-gauge  railway  takes  it  to 
the  building  berth.  Here  a  steam  cantilever  crane  of  120  feet  span,  built  of 
steel  by  the  same  company,  and  running  on  trestle-work  fifty  feet  above  the 
ground,  picks  it  up  and  delivers  each  plate,  beam  or  angle'toits  appointed 
place.  The  engines  will  also  be  put  in  by  thiscrane  before  launching.  The  boil- 
ers will  be  hoisted  in  place  by  asteel  derrick  on  the  river  front  after  launching. 

The  company  are  now  at  work  on  their  first  contract,  two  steel  steamers 
for  the  Minnesota  Steamship  Company,  to  go  into  the  Lake  Superior  iron  ore 
trade.  They  are  to  be  292  feet  keel,  308  feet  over  all,  40-foot  beam,  and  24^ 
feet  deep,  with  triple  expansion  engines  and  steel  boilers',  and  are  to  be  ready 
for  the  opening  of  navigation  this  year. 

Thomson  &  Taylor  Spice  Company. — ^ocated  at  Michigan  ave.  and 
Lake  st.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  houses  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  and  its 
business  of  late  has  been  growing  immensely.  The  new  building  of  the  com- 
pany is  a  decided  ornament  to  the  grocery  district.  It  is  about  ninety  feet 
wide  by  130  feet  long,  with  light  on  three  sides.  It  is  seven  stories  high, 
giving  a  total  height  above  ground  of  about  eighty-five  feet.  Boilers  and 
engine  of  200  horse-power  are  located  in  the  basement  for  driving  the 
machinery  throughout  the  building  and  the  electric  light  plant.  ^The  coffee 
machinery  occupies  the  top  story  and  parts  of  the  sixth  and  rifth.  There  are 
twenty-two  roasters  in  one  line,  with  coolers  and  stoners  of  corresponding 
capacity,  and  a  most  complete  outfit  for  polishing,  milling  and  separating 
green  coffee  in  large  quantities.  The  establishment  is  the  most  perfectly 
equipped  of  any  in  existence  in  the  country,  and  is  worthy  of  a  visit  from 
strangers. 

Union  Stock  Yards. — Located  on  South  Halsted  st. ;  in  the  former  town  of 
Lake,  now  within  the  corporate  limits,  about  five  and  oce-half  miles  south- 
west of  the  City  Hall.  Take  South  Halsted  st.  horse  car  for  yards  direct, 
or  Stalest,  cable  line  with  transfer  at  Thirty  fifth  or  Forty-third  st.  Or  take 
train  at  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  via  Chicago,  'Rock  Island  &  Pacific  lailway;  at 
Union  Depot  viaPittsburg  and  Fort  Wayne  railroad,  or  at  Central  Depot  via 
Illinois  Central  railroad.  The  visitor  will  enjoy  a  drive  to  the  yards  by  way 
of  Bridgeport,  a  great  manufacturing  centre,  or  by  way  of  Michigan  bfvd.  to 
Thirty-ninth  st.,  and  thence  west.  The  Union-Stock  Yards  were  organized 
and  opened  in  1865.  The  Stock  Yards  Company  at  the  present  time  own  400 


330  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

acres  of  land — 320  acres  in  one  block  and  eighty  acres  in  outlying  Jots.  The 
larger  tract  is  devoted  to  the  stock  yards;  some  200  acres  being  devoted  to 
yards,  etc.,  while  the  balance  is  occupied  by  railroad  tracks  and  car  sidings 
Before  you,  as  you  enter  the  main  arch  way,  is  a  town  with  twenty  miles  of 
streets,  twenty  miles  of  water-troughs,  fifty  miles  of  feeding-troughs  and 
about  seventy- five  miles  of  water  and  drainage  pipes.  Besides  the  regular 
water  works  supply  there  are  a  number  of  artesian  wells,  having  an  average 
depth  of  1,230  feet.  The  plant  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards  Company  proper 
cost  about  $4,000,000.  Present  capital  about  $23,000,000.  The  plants  of  the 
various  packing  companies  cost,  it  is  estimated,  in  the  neighborhood  of  $10,- 
000,000.  Statistical  information  covering  the  immense  transactions  of  the  Union 
Stock  Yards  is  giv.en  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  There  the  visitor  will 
learn  that  during  the  year  1891,  3,250,359  cattle,  a  decrease  from  1890 
of  233,921;  205,383  calves,  an  increase  over  Ib90  of  30,358;  8,600,805 
hogs,  an  increase  over  1890  of  936,977;  2,153,537  sheep,  a  decrease  from  1890 
of  29,130;  and  94,396  horses,  a  decrease  from  1890  of  7,170,  were  received  at 
the  yards,  the  total  value  of  which  was  $39,434,777.  It  will  also  be  learned 
that  of  the  above  receipts  there  were  slaughtered  2,184,095  head  of  cattle,  a 
decrease  from  1890  of  35,217;  157,052  calves,  5.638,291  of  hogs,  a  decrease 
from  1890  of  94,791;  and  1,465,332  sheep.  The  shipments  of  live 
stock  from  the  yards  were  1,066,264  cattle,  a  decrease  from  1890 
of  194,045;  48,331  calves,  a  decrease  of  13,135;  2,962,514  hogs,  an  increase  of 
976,814;  688,205  sheep,  a  decrease  of  241,649;  87,273  horses,  a  decrease  of 
7,089.  Something  more  concerning  this  great  market  place  and  manufactur- 
ing center  (for  meats  are  numbered  among  the  manufactures  of  Chicago)  will 
be  found  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  under  the  head  of  "Live  Stock  Trans- 
actions." There  it  will  be  learned  that  seventy-five  companies  are 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  or  packing  of  meats;  that  the  capital 
employed  is  $17,000,000;  that  the  workers  employed  are  25,000;  that 
the  wages  paid  in  1891  amounted  to  $15,000,000,  an  increase  of  $1,415,000; 
and  that  the  value  of  the  product  during  1891  was  $150,000,000,  an 
increase  of  $12,725,000.  This  information,  comprehensive  though 
it  is,  will  hardly  satisfy  the  visitor  however.  He  has  heard  of  the  great 
meat  industry  of  Chicago  for  years,  and  he  wants  to  know  more  con- 
cerning it  than  can  be  extracted  from  mere  statistics.  Meat  packing  is  the 
oldest  of  Chicago's  industries.  In  the  fall  of  1832  G.  W.  Dole  slaughtered  the 
first  lot  of  cattle  ever  packed  in  the  county.  They  numbered  200  head  and 
cost  $2.75  per  cwt.  About  350  hogs  costing  $3  per  cwt.  were  slaughtered 
and  packed  at  the  same  time.  The  statistics  referred  to  above  will  show 
readily  and  graphically  how  this  great  industry  has  been  developed.  The 
Stock  Yards  to  day  are  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world.  Twenty  great  trunk 
railroads,  fed  by  hundreds  of  branches  which  stretch  like  a  mighty  octopus 
over  the  land,  deliver  and  carry  away  the  raw  and  manufactured  articles 
which  arrive  at  and  depart  from  this  spot.  During  the  early  morning  the 
Western  roadsare  busy  unloading  their  freight  of  cattle,  hogs,  and  sheep, 
while  in  the  afternoon  the  Eastern  roads  are  equally  busy  taking  delivery  and 
loading  up  the  stock  that  is  going  to  Boston,  New  York  and  countless  other 
points.  At  the  packing  houses  the  work  goes  on  all  day — one  train  following 
another  carrying  away  the  finished  product  of  the  butcher  and  packer.  The 
Stock  Yards  Company  own  all  the  railroad  tracks  (over  150  miles  in  all),  and 
do  all  the  switching  or  shunting  connected  with  the  business  of  the  Yards. 
Every  railroad  company  has  a  direct  communication  with  the  Yards,  either 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  331 

through  its  own  tracks  or  by  the  Belt  line;  at  any  rate,  they  can  all  get  there 
without  trouble,  and  no  delays  take  place.  The  yards  can  accommodate,  at 
their  fullest  capacity,  over  30,000  cattle,  200.000  hogs,  30,000  sheep  and  4,000 
horses,  and  while  at  times  they  are  taxed  to  their  fullest  limit,  yet  as  a  rule 
the  stock  is  well  and  carefully  looked  after.  As  the  trains  come  rolling  in, 
th  Company  take  charge  of  the  stock;  and  its  location,  name  of  firm  to  whom 
consigned,  with  description,  etc.  are  detailed  in  the  office  of  the  Company. 

How  LIVE  STOCK  is  RECEIVED.—  Practically  speaking,  all  stock  is  con- 
signed to  commission  men,  who  at  once  take  charge  of  it.  Sometimes  the 
cattle  are  left  in  the  pens  where  they  are  placed  on  arrival;  but,  as  a  rule, 
salesmen  have  each  certain  localities  in  the  Yards  and  endeavor  to  get  all 
their  cattle  located  in  the  same  place.  It  may  be  said,  before  going  further, 
that  the  yards  are  divided  into  pens.  The  cattle  pens  are  in  divisions,  thus: 
Division  A,  pen  1;  or  division  C,  pen  20;  while  the  hog  pens  are  located  at 
the  railroad  delivery  points.  Sheep  have  a  separate  location  for  themselves. 
The  cattle  pens  are  of  different  sizes,  holding  from  one  animal  up  to  300  or 
400  head.  As  a  rule,  local,  or  what  are  termed  native,  cattle  come  in  small 
lots,  generally  one  or  two  cars  at  a  time;  while  range  cattle  generally  come 
in  train-loads  of  twelve  to  fifteen  cars.  A  car-load  averages  about  twenty 
cattle,  weighing  1,200  pounds  each,  or  about  24,000  pounds  to  the  car.  The 
hog  and  sheep  pens  are  covered  in.  Hogs  weighing  250  pounds  each  run 
about  seventy  head  to  the  car;  while  sheep  are  loaded  according  to  weight,  as 
they  differ  so  much  in  quality.  One  hundred  fair-sized  sheep  generally  make 
a  load.  Each  pen  has  a  water  trough,  while  in  those  devoted  to  cattle  and 
sheep  hay-racks  are  also  provided.  The  cattle  pens  especially  are  exceed- 
ingly strong,  the  whole  structure  being  of  wood.  The  floors  are  of  the  same 
material,  as  it  is  most  suitable  to  the  climate.  Alleys,  well  "macadamized," 
intersect  the  yards  so  that  every  pen  is  easily  reached,  while  at  convenient 
points  the  weighing  scales,  the  feed  store-houses,  etc.,  are  placed.  On  deliv- 
ery, the  Stock  Yards  Company  becomes  responsible  to  the  various  railroad 
companies  for  the  freight  and  feed  that  are  due  for  each  shipment.  In  turn, 
the  owner,  through  his  commission  men,  becomes  bound  for  payment  to  the 
Stock  Ylards  Company.  As  it  would  be  impossible  to  collect  the  "freight  as 
every  car  comes  in,  a  settlement  of  freight  and  feed  charges  is  made  twice  a 
week;  the  commission  men  being  obliged  to  put  up  a  bond  of  $10,000  to 
secure  the  amounts  that  may  accumulate.  In  this  way  matters  run  very 
smoothly.  If  the  owner  of  the  cattle  has  no  bond  up,  he  is  obliged  to  pay 
the  amount  due  before  the  stock  is  released;  but  so  perfect  is  the  system  that 
no  friction  of  any  kind  occurs,  and  the  business  in  this  resrect  goes  on  from 
day  to  day  without  any  trouble. 

Subjoined  are  the  regulations  and  commissions  of  the  market: 

Diseased  meats  are  condemned. 

Sales,  unless  otherwise  stated,  per  100  Ibs.  live  weight. 

Dead  hops,  100  Ibs.  and  over,  VsC.  per  lh.;  less  than  100  Ibs.  of  no  value. 

Broken-ribbed  and  bruised  cattle,  docked  $5  per  head. 

Public  inspectors  dock  pregnant  sows  40  Its.  and  stags  (altered  Jboars)  SO  Ibs. 
each. 

Yardage— Cattle,  25c.;  hogs  and  sheep,  8c.  per  head.  Feed— corn,  $1  per  bushel; 
timothy  hay,  $30;  prairie  hay,  $20  per  ton. 

Commissions— Cattle,  50c.  per  head;  calves  and  yearlings,  $10  per  car;  hogs  and 
sheep,  single  decks,  J6;  double  decks,  $10  per  car;  public  inspection  of  hogs,  15c.  per 
car. 


332  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

The  charges  for  yardage  are  moderate,  but  the  price  charged  for  feed  is 
out  of  all  proportion  to  market  values,  aud  there  is  continual  complaint  upon 
this  httter  point.  Four  great  parties  meet,  as  it  were,  in  communion  every 
day  at  the  yards — the  Stock  Yards  Company,  with  its  array  of  employes;  the 
owners  of  stock,  drifting  in  from  all  points  of  the  compass;  the  commission 
men,  with  their  corps  of  clerks  and  assistants;  and,  lastly,  the  host  of  buyers 
who  operate  there. 

BUYING  AND  SELLING. — Buying  and  selling  goes  on  every  day  except 
Sunday,  while  Saturday  has  come  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  sort  of  settling  day 
for  the  week.  While,  of  course,  cattle  come  in  at  all  hours  of  the  day,  it  is 
the  object  of  the  railroads  to  land  them  in  the  Yards  from  four  o'clock  to 
eight  in  the  morning.  A  very  large  number  of  the  cattle  c.ome  out  of  first 
hands ;  but  the  majority  are  consigned  by  dealers,  who  pick  them  up  in  small 
bunches  in  the  country,  except  in  the  case  of  range  cattle,  which  are  practi- 
cally consigned  by  the  owners.  The  hog  market  opens  early,  and  is  pretty 
well  over  by  ten  o'clock.  There  are  scattering  sales  after  that  hour,  but  the 
majority  of  the  work  is  finished  at  the  above  mentioned  time.  The  sheep 
market  is  confined  very  much  to  the  morning  also,  while  trading  in  cattle,  as 
a  rule,  opens  about  nine  o'clock  and  goes  on  more  or  less  up  till  three  i>.  M., 
when  the  whistle  blows  and  business  is  suspended  for  the  day.  When  it  is 
considered  that  for  the  five  active  working  days  of  the  weekthereare  received 
about  10,000  cattle  a  day,  over  aud  above  hogs  and  sneep,  the  gigantic  nature 
of  the  business  can  be  estimated  ;  but  a  man  needs  to  be  actually  upon  the 
spot  to  judge  even  approximately  of  how  business  is  carried  on.  The  Stock 
Yards  Cotnpiuy  employ  about  1,000  men  ;  there  are  about  120  commission 
men,  who  must  also  employ  about  1,000  assistants  ;  add  to  this  about  800 
buyers,  and  it  can  well  be  imagined  that  from  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning 
till  three  in  the  afternoon  the  Stock  Yards  present  a  very  active  scene.  There 
are,  moreover,  hundreds  of  owners  who  practically  become  interested  specta- 
tors of  the  work  as  it  progresses,  while  every  day  a  great  crowd  of  sightseers 
•put  in  an  appearance.  The  office-work  is  mostly  confined  to  the  Exchange 
Building,  where  the  Stock  Yards  Company,  the  commission  men,  the  rail- 
road companies,  the  buyers,  etc.,  have  suitable  offices.  A  substantial  bank 
also  occupies  a  very  handsome  office  in  the  same  building.  As  soon  as  the 
cattle  are  delivered  to  the  commission  men,  their  work  begins.  Hay  is 
immediately  ordered  for  the  cattle  ;  quantities  of  course  vary,  but  as  a  rule 
prime  cattle  eat  about  five  pounds  each  ;  common  cattle,  seven  and  a  half 
pounds,  and  range  cattle  get  an  allowance  of  ten  pounds  each.  The  water  is 
turned  into  troughs,  and  if  the  cattle  have  been  properly  handled  on  the  road, 
they  take  a  good  fill.  Very  often  cattle  have  to  be  sorted  and  classed,  and 
this,  as  a  rule,  is  done  before  the  water  is  turned  into  the  troughs.  As  in 
other  cattle  markets,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  supply  and  demand  regulate  to 
a  great  extent  the  price,  and  when  the  buyer  appears  early  on  the  scene  it  is 
pretty  good  evidence  of  an  active  market. 

QUICK  WOIIK. — In  the  decimal  system  of  currency  and  weights,  the 
process  of  buying  and  selling  is  very  easy  from  a  financial  point  of  view. 
The  commission  man  asks,  say,  $4  00  per  hundred  Ibs.,  the  buyer  bids  $3.80 
per  hundred  Ibs.,  and  they  eventually  agree  upon  $3.90  per  hundred  as  the 
price,  then  the  remainder  of  the  work  is  very  simple.  Shortly  after  the  terms 
are  agreed  upon,  the  cattle  are  driven  to  the  scale  and  weighed.  Before  they 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  3do 

are  run  into  the  weighing  pen,  however,  they  are  examined  either  by  the 
buyer  himself  or  his  agent,  to  see  that  there  are  no  broken-ribbed  or  bruised 
cattle.  Cattle  that  are  severely  bruised  are,  as  a  rule,  thrown  out  and  sold 
separately,  while  animals  with  broken  ribs  are  docked  $5.00  per  head  as 
stated  above.  The  weighing  scale  in  general  use  is  known  as  the  "Fair- 
banks Live  Stock  Scale,"  and  is  an  invention  that  has  been  of  great  value  to 
American  stockmen.  These  scales  have  capacity  to  weigh  100,000  Ibs., 
which  at  2,000  Ibs.  to  the  ton,  is  50  tons;  but,  as  a  rule,  they  seldom  weigh 
more  than  60,000  Ibs.  at  a  time.  By  this  means  an  immense  number  of 
caltle  can  be  passed  over  one  scale  in  a  day.  The  weighing  beam  of  the 
scale  is  open  to  the  public,  and,  as  both  the  buyer  and  the  seller  have  access 
to  the  room  in  which  it  is  placed,  no  disputes  ever  arise  as  to  weights.  An 
oHicial  ticket  of  the  weight  is  issued  by  an  employe  of  the  Stock  Yards,  who 
also  superintends  the  weighing,  and  by  this  means  all  disputes  are  saved. 
After  the  weight  has  been  ascertained  the  cattle  are  run  off  the  scale,  and 
they  become  the  property  of  the  buyer.  The  commission  man  takes  posses- 
sion of  the  scale  ticket  and  hands  it  to  his  bookkeeper,  who  calculates  the 
amount  due,  and  collects  immediately  from  the  buyer.  The  large  buyers 
have  arrangements  with  tbe  bank  to  cash  their  tickets  as  they  are  handed  in, 
and  thus  all  the  trouble  of  writing  cheques,  etc.,  is  saved. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  CATTLE. — The  classes  of  cattle  coming  to  market 
are  pretty  well  defined.  We  have,  first,  the  "  exporters;"  this  includes  cattle 
that  are  suitable  for  the  Eastern  markets  as  well  as  good  enough  to  go  to 
England,  Second,  the  "dressed  beef  "steers,  suitable  for  the  dressed  beef 
business.  Third,  "  butcher  stuff,"  composed  of  light  steers  and  the  better 
grade  of  cows.  Fourth,  "  canners,"  which  includes  everything  not  good 
enough  for  butchering;  and  then  as  an  extra  class  we  have  the  "  range"  cat- 
tle, which  are  pretty  well  divided  among  the  last  three  classes  named. 

The  movement  of  cattle  is  most  entirely  eastward.  San  Francisco.which 
IB  a  large  market,  draws  quite  a  number  of  cattle  from  California  and  the 
adjoining  States,  but  otherwise  there  is  a  continual  movement  toward  the 
east.  The  movement  begins  at  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  the  barren  plains  of 
Arizona,  the  sage  brush  valleys  of  Nevada  and  far  Montana,  all  contribute 
and  send  forward  their  consignments.  From  those  distant  points  the  work 
of  shipping  is  no  easy  matter.  The  various  lines  at  suitable  points  have  feed- 
ing-yards, where  hay  is  supplied  at  three  times  its  value.  Cattle  can  be  run 
from  300  to  500  miles  without  feed  and  water,  but  as  a  rule  the  feeding 
stations  are  generally  placed  about  the  former  distance  apart.  Within  the 
last  year  or  two  "  Palace  "  stock  cars  have  been  introduced,  and  by  this  means 
cattle  can  be  run  practically  any  distance,  as  they  are  constructed  to  allow 
the  animals  to  be  fed  and  watered  without  unloading.  What  are  known  as 
the  "  Street "  cars,  built  on  this  principle,  have  up  to  this  time  been  tlie  best 
produced,  and  they  are  likely  to  maintain  their  lead,  as  they  can  be  divided 
into  three  compartments,  which  to  a  great  extent  prevents  bruises. 

DISPOSING  ov  THE  RECEIPTS. — The  cattle  having  reached  Chicago  are 
sold  as  described  above.  Those  which  arebrought  for  shipment  are  driven 
over  to  the  shipping  divisions,  where  they  are  loaded  up  and  forwarded  to 
their  respective  destinations.  The  dressed  beef  men  generally  allow  their 
cattle  to  remain  in  the  pens  over  night,  and  the  next  day  after  they  are  pur- 
chased they  are  driven  over  to  the  slaughter-houses.  The  alleys  in  the  yards 
have  become  so  crowded  that  during  the  last  few  years  viaducts  have  been 


334  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

constructed  overhead,  and  along  those  the  cattle  and  hogs  are  driven  to  the 
respective  packing-Louses. 

The  cattle  having  reached  the  point  where  they  are  made  into  dressed 
beef,  a  description  of  the  methods  by  which  three-fourths  of  the  cattle  sold 
in  Chicago  market  reach  the  consumer  may  now  be  attempted. 

The  dressed  beef  business  in  America  was  founded  some  twenty  years 
ago.  A  few  years  later  the  work  was  taken  up  by  the  late  Mr.  George  fl.  Ham- 
mond, of  Detroit,  who  may  be  termed  the  father  of  this  business.  He  was 
a  man  of  fine  executive  ability,  and  he  built  up  through  hisenergies  a  mag- 
nificent trade.  He  died,  unfortunately,  just  when  he  had  reached  the  zenith 
of  his  powers.  Other  partiestook  up  the  business,  and  it  has  graduallygrown 
(figuratively  speaking)  from  a  grain  of  mustard-seed  to  a  very  large  tree. 
Mr.  T.  Eastman,  one  of  the  largest  live-stock  shippers  in  America,  branched 
off  into  this  trade;  Mr.  Nelson  Morris,  well  known  to  every  cattle-man  both 
at  home  and  abroad,  also  took  a  hand;  in  1880  Mr.  G.  F.  Swift  began 
upon  a  most  extensive  scale;  while  two  years  later  Messrs.  Arniour&  Co. 
also  commenced  the  business.  We  have  now  in  Chicago  four  immenpecou- 
cerns — viz..  Swift  &  Co.,  Armour  &  Co..  Hammond  &  Co.,  and  Nelson 
Morris  &  Co.  These  firms,  along  with  Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby,  buy  a 
very  large  proportion  of  the  cattle  coming  into  our  markets. 

SLAUGHTERING  THE  CATTI,E. — The  cattle  on  reaching  the  slaughter- 
house are  driven  into  large  pens  adjacent  to  it;  thence  they  are  driven^ilong 
narrow  passage-ways  and  are  put  into  sepirate  compartments  by  themselves. 
These  compartments  are  just  large  enough  to  hold  one  bullock.  Over  them 
is  a  wooden  foot-path,  along  which  a  man  can  walk;  the  animals  are  either 
shot  down  or  felled  from  this  point.  Between  the  compartments  and  the 
slaughter-house  is  a  lifting-door  which  slides  up  mechanically.  A  chain  is 
passed  around  the  horns  of  the  animal  and  it  is  dragged  into  the  main 
slaughter-house,  after  which,  the  animal  is  properly  bled.  Lifting  pulleys 
worked  by  steam  power  are  provided  for  hoisting  each  carcass  while  being 
dressed,  and  iron  runs  for  moving  the  carcasses  in  halves  or  quarters  from 
the  hanging  room  to  the  chill-rooms.  All  the  work  in  the  slaughtering 
department  is  done  by  well  trained  experts,  each  one  having  a  single  division 
of  labor  to  perform.  For  example,  the  hides  are  taken  off  the  carcass  by  dif- 
ferent trained  experts  in  such  careful  manner  as  to  give  them  a  value  of  about 
one  cent  per  pound  over  the  common  butcher's  hides;  the  guts  are  thoroughly 
cleansed  and  sold  for  sausage  casings;  the  contents  of  the  entrails  are  con- 
verted into  fertilizing  substances,  which  are  sold  in  the  older  portions  of  the 
country  where  the  lands  have  been  long  worn  by  successive  crops;  the  livers, 
hearts,  etc.,  are  shipped  with  the  beef  to  different  markets,  where  they  are 
sold  to  good  advantage;  the  bladders  are  dried  and  sold  to  druggists  and 
other  parties;  the  stomach  makes  tripe;  the  tongues  are  always  in  demand  at 
good  prices;  the  horns  are  sold  readily  to  the  comb  and  knife-haft  maker;  the 
shin-bones  are  usually  in  good  request  for  knife  handles,  and  backs  for  tooth 
and  nail  brushes;  the  knuckle  bones  are  similarly  prepared  for  making  acid 
phosphate,  and  have  a  fair  commercial  value  for  this  purpose;  the  blood  is 
all  utilized  for  different  commercial  purposes;  the  ox-tail  trade  is  now  a  regu- 
lar part  of  the  traffic,  as  all  the  great  hotels  must  have  ox-tail  soup  at  stated 
times;  the  heads,  after  being  trimmed,  are  sold  for  glue  stock;  the  fat  taken 
from  the  inside  of  the  bullock  is  made  by  a  peculiar  process  into  oleomarga- 
rine, which  has  to  be  sold  under  its  proper  name,  and  sells  to  fair  advantage; 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  335 

neatsfoot  oil  is  made  from  the  feet,  and  the  hoofs  are  ground  and  go  in  with 
the  fertilizing  substances,  so  that  every  part  of  the  bullock  is  utilized. 

From  the  main  slaughtering-house,  which  to  a  stranger  is  a  sickening 
sight,  the  carcasses  are  taken  along  the  iron  runways  into  the  refrigeratorg. 
There  they  cool  off  in  a  temperature  of  about  36°  Fahr.  Passing  from  the 
blood-stained  floors  of  the  butchering  department  to  the  other  portions  of  the 
house,  every  one  is  struck  witli  the  remarkable  cleanliness  of  the  establish- 
ment. There  is  not  a  speck  of  dirt.  To  this  point  the  greatest  attention  is 
paid,  and  the  meat  and  other  products  from  these  houses  are  handled  with 
far  more  care  than  in  the  small  slaughtering-houses  in  the  country.  From 
the  coolers  the  carcasses  are  run  out  to  the  loading  platforms,  cut  into  quar- 
ters, and  Mien  put  into  refrigerator  cars,  which  take  the  meat  away  and  dis- 
tribute it  far  and  near. 

A  trip  through  the  big  slaughtering-houses  is  very  interesting.  The  won- 
derful dexterity  of  the  butchers,  the  mechanical  inventions  to  help  the  work, 
the  methodical  system  employed,  the  extreme  cleanliness,  and,  above  all,  the 
rapidity  and  silence  with  which  everything  is  done,  strike  a  stranger  very 
forcibly,  and  an  impartial  person  who  visits  those  great  meat  manufactories 
generally  comes  away  convinced  that  American  ingenuity  in  this  respect 
"  beats  creation." 

PACKING  COMPANIES. — The  great  packing  companies  are  as  follows: 
Allerton  Packing  Company;  Anglo  American  Provision  Co.;  Armour  &  Co.; 
Washington  Butchers'  Sons;  Calumet  Canning  Co.;  Chicago  Packing  and 
Provision  Company;  John  Cudahy;  Davis  Provision  Co.;  Decker  &  Murath; 
L.  B.  Dowd  &  Co.;  Horace  M.  Dupee;  Ellsworth  &Bartlet^  Fairbank Canning 
Company;  Fowler  Brothers;  Garden  City  Packing  and  Preserving  Company; 
Henry  D.  Gilbert  &  Co.;  Guihman,  Leppel  &  Co.;  G.  H.  Hammond  &  Co.; 
John  C.  Hately;  G.  Hunniford  &  Co.;  Hutchinson  Packing  Company;  Inter- 
national Packing  Company ;  Jones  &  Stiles;  Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby ;  Thomas 
J  Lipton;  Loss,  Collins  &  Co.;  Michener  Bros.  &  Co.;  Miller,  Hendricks  & 
Co. ;  Minnesota  Packing  and  Provision  Co. ;  Moran  &  Healey ;  John  Morrell  & 
Co.;  Nelson  Morris  &  Co. ;  Noonan  &  Hoff;  North  American  Provision  Co.; 
Omaha  Packing  Co.;  John  O'Malley;  Simon  Ffaelzer;E.  K.  Pond  Packing 
Co.;  Samuel  Shoenman;  William  II.  Silberhoru  Co.;  Swift  &  Co.,  and  Under- 
wood &  Co.  Not  all  of  these  concerns  transact  their  packing  business  at  the 
Union  Stock  Yards,  but  all  are  closely  allied  to  the  great  market. 

"  BIG  FOUR."— The  visitor  will  hear  of  the  "  Big  Four"  packers.  These 
are  Armour  &  Co.,  the  Anglo- American  Packing  Co.,  Nelson  Morris  &  Co., 
and  Swift  &  Co.  These  are  the  greatest  packers  of  the  city,  and  it  is  the  firms 
mentioned  here  who  are  engaged  in  the  New  Stock  Yards  enterprise.  [See 
New  Stock  Yards.] 

THE  EXCHANGE.— Just  inside  the  entrance  to  the  Union  Stock  Yards  is 
the  Exchange  building,  where  the  visitor  will  find  the  offices  and  counting 
rooms  of  the  men  who  practically  transact  the  live  stock  business  of  Chi- 
cago. These  are  modestly  styled  commission  men,  but  they  are  in  reality  mer- 
chants, and  many  of  them  are  engaged  very  extensively  in  the  cattle  traffic, 
independently  of  their  commission  business.  Others  of  them  are  packers 
themselves  and  buy  outright  from  shippers.  Others  purchase  for  packing 
houses  owned,  controlled  or  managed  by  them  elsewhere.  The  great  major- 
ity, however,  buy  and  sell  on  commission. 


836  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

WHAT  ONE  FIRM  DOEP.— Some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  operations  at 
the  stock  yards  may  !>e  formed  from  the  following  figures  with  reference  to 
the  great  house  of  Armour  &  Co.  vThe  firm  did  a  business  amounting  to 
$66,000.000  during  the  year  ending  April  1,  1891.  The  hogs  killed  by  the 
house  numbered  1,714,000  ;  cattle,  712,000  ;  sheep  413,000.  Armour  &  Co.'s 
employes  numbered  during  this  period  7,900,  and  the  aggregate  wages  paid 
was  $3,800,000.  The  firm  had  2,250  refrigerator  cars.  The  total  area 
covered  by  the  buildings  of  the  firm  was  fifty  acres  ;  total  floor  area  of  build- 
ings, 140  acres;  chill  room  and  cold  storage  area,  forty  acres;  storage  capacity 
of  buildings,  130,000  tons.  The  Armour  Glue  Works  made  7,000,000  Ibs.  of 
glue  within  the  same  period,  9,500  tons  of  fertilizers,  grease,  etc.  The 
ground  covered  by  the  buildings  of  this  department  cover  fifteen  acres,  and 
the  number  of  employes  is  600.  During  the' year  1890  Mr.  Michael  Cudahy 
separated  from  the  house  of  Armour  &  Co.  Mr.  Cudahy  took  charge  of  his 
immense  interests  at  Omaha.  The  other  members  of  the  so-called  "Big  Four," 
as  well  as  many  of  the  packing  concerns  not  included  in  the  quartette,  also  do 
an  immense  business  annually,  as  the  total  transactions  of  the  yards  testify. 

CLAY,  ROBINSON  &  Co. — In  connection  with  the  live  stock  industry  too 
much  can  not  be  said  of  this  most  popular  and  reliable  firm.  They  occupy 
prominent  quarters  in  the  new  Bank  Building  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  and 
also  have  well  equipped  offices  at  the  Stock  Yards,  South  Omaha.  They  are 
also  represented  by  agents  in  Kansas  City,  where,  with  a  full  and  able  equip- 
ment of  capable  men,  they  can  make  the  best  possible  sales  for  their  patrons. 
They  are  prepared  to  handle  all  classes  of  live  stock  at  any  of  the  above 
points.  During  th^  past  year  they  have  sold  upwards  of  250,000  head  of 
cattle,  in  addition  to  a  very  large  number  of  hogs  and  sheep.  This  firm, 
realizing  the  neces-sity  of  some  specially  prepared  report  on  the  live  stock 
markets,  commenced  about  one  year  ago  the  issuing  weekly  of  Ihe  Live 
Stock  Itcjwrt,  which  they  send  to  their  patrons  and  customers  free  of  cost. 
A  paper  which  every  feeder,  breeder  and  shipper  should  not  be  without,  its 
columns  being  devoted  entirely  to  the  live-stock  industry  and  containing  much 
valuable  information  not  olherwise  obtainable.  This  enables  them  to  keep  a 
complete  run  of  the  market  and  to  know  when  1o  ship  to  best  advantage  and 
get  the  best  prices.  To  others  they  will  send  their  paper  for  the  small  charge 
of  50  cents  per  annum,  which  can  be  remitted  in  postage  stamps  or  money 
order.  In  addition  to  The  Refx>rt  they  will  also  send  to  each  subscriber  one  of 
two  beautifully-colored  lithographs  of  English  hunting  scenes,  especially 
prepared  for  the  holidays.  Address  Clay,  Kobinson  &  Co.,  Union  Stock 
Yards,  Chicago,  111. 

Wood  Brothers. — The  firm  of  Wood  Bros.,  live  stock  commission  mer 
ehants,  doing  business  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  and  established  in 
the  year  1867,  when  the  live  stock  interest  of  Chicago  was  comparatively  in 
its  infancy.  With  the  growth  of  the  business  here,  the  firm  of  Wood  Bros 
have  done  a  constantly  increasing  business,  and  at  the  present  time  are  the 
largest  handlers  of  live  stock  on  commission  in  Chicago.  They  are  also  doing 
a  leading  business  in  South  Omaha.  The  present  members  of  the  firm  are 
8.  E.  Wood,  James  Wood,  E.  A.  Wood  and  R.  Nash,  each  of  whom  have 
been  exclusively  engaged  in  this  line  for  over  twenty  years.  This  firm,  per- 
haps, has  a  more  general  business  than  any  firm  at  the  stock  yards;  in  other 
words,  they  receive  stock  from  all  sections  of  the  country  tributary  to  the 


s  a 

n  ,-» 

O  O 

O  "\ 

7°  d 


O    S 


n 
25  § 

Q     3 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  337 

Chicago  market,  and  make  a  specialty  of  every  class,  having  their  business  so 
systematized  that  each  class  of  stock  is  handled  by  separate  and  expert  sales- 
men. By  this  means  they  have  been  able  to  give  the  very  best  results  to  their 
patrons,  and  by  promptness,  enterprise  and  constant  attention  to  all  the  details 
of  their  business,  have  been  enabled  thus  to  build  up  their  trade  to  its  present 
proportions.  They  number  among  their  patrons  some  of  the  largest  raisers 
and  feeders  of  stock  in  the  United  States,  and  in  the  year  1891  sold  for  one 
company — the  Home  Land  &  Cattle  Co.,  of  St.  Louis — about  14,000  head  of 
beef  steers.  All  parties,  whether  shipping  small  or  large  quantities,  will 
receive  uniform  courtesy  and  attention,  and  their  interests  will  be  carefully 
protected. 

SIGHTS  IN  PACKING  TOWN.— When  the  visitor,  all  new  to  the  wonders  of  the 
yards  and  packing  town,  gets  inside  of  the  main  entrance  his  ignorance 
betrays  him.  He  loiters  about  and  exposes  himself  to  the  guide.  The  guide 
is  a  walking  directory  of  the  stock  yards  and  he  will  place  his  entire  stock  of 
knowledge  at  your  disposal  for  25  cents.  He  is  one  of  the  few  persons  who 
have  mastered  the  names  of  all  the  "streets"  and  "avenues,"  for  every 
crooked  and  narrow  passageway  between  the  big  brick  buildings  is  either  a 
street  or  an  avenue.  The  main  thoroughfare  is  Packers  ave.  The  guide 
leads  the  visitor  first  to  the  gallery  adjoining  the  Exchange  restaurant.  If 
he  does  not  get  a  few  exclamations  of  delight  and  surprise  out  of  the  visitor 
when  they  mount  the  gallery  then  he  feels  discouraged  and  loses  interest  in 
his  job.  This  gallery  overlooks  the  great  checker-board  within  the  squares 
of  which  there  are  swarms  of  cattle;  "herds"  is  not  the  word  to  use,  for 
there  are  too  many.  To  the  west  are  the  packing  houses,  palaces  of  refined 
butchery.  From  the  packing  houses  comes  an  odor,  a  plainly  perceptible 
odor,  which  is  rather  disagreeable  at  first.  This  packing  town  odor  has  been 
unjustly  criticised.  It  is  unpleasant  only  on  short  acquaintance.  Toany  one 
accustomed  to  it  there  is  only  a  pleasant  suggestion  of  rich,  ruddy  blood  and 
long  rows  of  tempting  "  sides  "  hung  up  to  cool.  The  stock-yards  atmos- 
phere is  healthful.  The  average  weight  of  a  packing-house  employe  is  about 
a  hundred  and  eighty  pounds.  "Nick"  Baker,  who  kills  5,000  hogs  every 
day  for  Armour,  weighs  250  pounds.  The  only  man  around  the  yards  who 
does  not  seem  to  gather  adipose  is  George  T.Williams,  manager  of  the  Union 
Stock  Yards.  His  figure  is  rather  spare.  It  is  said  that  if  he  would  lenghten 
his  office  hours  his  weight  would  soon  approach  that  of  George  Sunder) and. 
The  latter  is  autocrat  of  the  great  Armour  packing  houses,  and  perhaps  the 
best  known  and  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in  packing  town.  Twenty 
years  of  business  responsibilities  such  as  would  have  reduced  an  ordinary 
man  to  a  mere  shadow  have  failed  to  deposit  a  single  wrinkle  on  Mr.  Sunder- 
land's  placid  features.  He  spends  most  of  his  time  out  of  doors,  sitting  on 
the  office  steps.  Every  few  minutes  a  messenger  boy  rushes  up  to  him  and 
hands  him  some  communication  involving,  perhaps,  the  purchase  of  5,000 
animals  "  on  the  hoof,"  or  the  loading  of  150  refrigerator  cars.  Mr.  Sunder- 
land  writes  a  few  words  on  the  back,  of  the  message  afte*  he  has  glanced  at 
the  contents.  For  beim?  able  to  always  write  the  proper  thing  Mr.  Suuder- 
land  receives  a  salary  which  it  would  take  five  figures  to  indicate.  He  is  on 
friendly  terms  with  all  of  the  thousands  of  men  under  him  and  is  altogether 
unpretentious  in  manner  and  dress.  In  a  little  office  back  of  the  Exchange 
buil  ling  Nelson  Morris  has  his  headquarters.  He  is  an  inveterate  whittler. 
The  floor  of  his  office  is  literally  carpeted  with  fine  shavings,  and  a  number 


338  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

of  white-pine  sticks  are  always  neatly  corded  up  on  his  desk.  It  is  a  com- 
mon saying  around  the  yards  that  the  shipper  who  is  on  hand  at  the  office 
early  in  the  morning  with  a  good  straight-grained  stick  will  get  his  cars  out 
first.  When  the  millionaire  packer  is  dictating  to  his  private  secretary'or 
issuing  important  orders  he  whittles  somewhat  furiously  and  cuts  his  notches 
deep.  Every  notch  represents  several  dollars.  A  pleasant-faced  old  gentle- 
man with  silvery  hair  rides  horseback  up  and  down  the  principal  "  streets  " 
of  the  yards  each  day.  He  is  on  the  lookout  for  crippled  or  "  lumpy- jawed  " 
animals,  and  is  the  agent  of  the  State  Live  stock  Commission.  Thi^is  Captain 
McDonald,  for  many  years  assistant  warden  of  the  Joliet  penitentiary.  He 
still  carries  a  scar  given  him  by  the  notorious  desperado  Frank  Rande,  and 
has  a  knowledge  of  "  crooks  "  such  as  only  few  men  in  the  country  can  claim. 
After  years  of  experience  with  tough  mortals  he  finds  it  rather  to  his  liking 
to  do  some  humane  work  among  the  more  appreciative  occupants  of  the 
stock-yards"  pens."  There  is  one  particular  guide  at  the  stock  yards  fre- 
quently pointed  out  as  an  extremely  interesting  fellow.  This  is  "  Old  Bill," 
the  bunko  steer.  He  is  perhaps  the  most  depraved  animal  in  existence. 
There  is  no  element  of  brotherly  love  or  patriotism  in  his  nature.  His  duty 
at  the  yards  is  to  guide  droves  of  cattle  to  the  slaughter  houses.  He  has 
mastered  his  little  act  and  reduced  steering  steers  to  a  science.  Every  day 
he  takes  his  post  near  one  of  Armour's  packing  houses  and  waits  until  it  is 
necessary  to  drive  a  herd  of  cattle  up  the  viaduct  to  the  killing-rooms.  Ho 
then  joins  the  drove,  ingratiates  himself  into  their  good-will,  and  tells  them 
that  he  knows  of  a  good  pasture  not  far  away.  At  his  suggestion  the  cattle 
think  about  it  and  finally  resolve  to  let  him  lead  them  there.  Bill,  the  bunko 
steer,  laughs  softly  and  a  cruel  look  lights  his  eyes.  He  lopes  off  through  the 
mud  toward  a  large  gate  not  far  away.  Following  after  him  are  a  hundred 
or  more  cattle,  every  one  entertaining  a  vision  of  gently-swelling  kills  covered 
with  long,  wavy  blue-grass  and  sweet-clover  blossoms.  Bill  leads  them  to  this 
gate  and  allows  the  herd  to  go  through  it,  while  he  steps  aside  and  avoids  the 
rush.  As  the  dust  of  the  rush  clears  off  a  little  a  familar  figure  is  observed 
slowly  strolling  away  from  the  gate.  It  is  "Bill."  On  his  face  is  no 
remorse  as  he  saunters  back  to  his  post  of  duty  near  a  tall  fence.  He  is  then 
ready  to  betray  a  couple  hundred  more  of  his  unsuspecting  relatives. 

W.  W.  Kimball  Company. — The  great  piano  and  organ  factories  of  the 
W.  W.  Kimball  Company  are  among  the  attractions  of  Chicago,  and  will 
interest  the  visitor  about  as  much  as  any  that  can  be  poiLted  out.  The  build- 
ings composing  the  factories  are  three  in  number,  each  being  a  counterpart  of 
the  other,  five  stories  high,  with  a  frontage  of  eighty  feet  and  a  depth  of  250 
feet.  Together  they  have  a  floorage  of  over  300,000  square  feet.  They  are 
located  oh  the  Chicago  river,  and  near  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  with  a 
private  switch  leading  into  the  premises.  The  grounds  comprise  over  seven 
acres  of  land,  the  most  of  which  is  used  as  a  lumber  yard.  The  company  have 
some  4, 000, 000  square  feet  of  lumber  on  hand.  The  six  large  dry-houses 
hold  150,000  square  feet.  As  soon  as  the  lumber  is  sufficiently  dried  it  is 
placed  on  little  cars  made  expressly  for  that  purpose,  and  wheeled  directly 
into  the  mill-room,  where  it  is  cut  up  into  proper  shapes  for  both  pianos  and 
organs.  For  this  purpose  the  company  have  all  the  latest  improved  machines. 
The  work  is  divided  between  the  three  factories,  the  organs  being  made  in 
one,  while  the  others  are  devoted  exclusively  to  pianos.  All  the  mill  work, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  339 

however,  is  done  in  the  organ  factory.  These  factories  give  employment  to 
six  hundred  men.  Each  factory  is  divided  by  a  thick  fire-wall  into  three 
parts.  The  company  is  now  shipping  about  100  pianos  every  week,  or  about 
5,000  per  annum,  and  about  12,000  organs  a  year.  Permission  to  visit  the 
factories  may  be  obtained  at  the  Wabash  avenue  salesroom. 

The  new  Kimball  building  on  Wabash  avenue  is  one  of  the  finest  edifices 
for  the  purpose  in  the  country.  It  has  a  frontage  of  eighty  feet,  is  seven 
stories  high,  and  is  built  of  chocolate-colored  brick,  with  brown-stone  trim- 
mings. All  the  walls  are  deadened  and  all  the  floors  double,  with  cement 
filling  and  air-chambers  between.  No  expense  has  been  spared  to  make  this 
one  of  the  strongest  and  most  durable  buildings  of  its  kind.  The  ware-rooms 
and  offices  occupy  the  first  floor;  Kimball  Hall,  with  two  rooms  adjoining  for 
the  exhibition  of  Concert  and  Baby  Grands,  occupies  the  second  floor.  "The 
hall  has  a  seating  capacity  for  about  600  people,  but  it  is  so  arranged  that  the 
two  rooms  devoted  to  the  sale  of  grands  can  be  used  to  enlarge  the  hall  by 
means  of  folding  doors,  which  will  double  the  seating  capacity.  The  five 
floors  above  are  furnished  for  offices  and  studios,  frontaud  back,  for  the  use  of 
musicians,  teachers,  artists,  etc.  There  are  upwards  of  fifty  of  these  rooms,  the 
most  of  which  are  already  engaged.  The  hall  and  ware-rooms  are  ventilated 
by  a  special  system  of  exhaust  ventilation,  oy  means  of  which  every  particle 
of  air  can  be  changed  every  fifteen  minutes.  The  temperature  is  controlled 
by  an  electric  apparatus,  which  acts  automatically  and  can  be  adjusted  so  as 
to  furnish  any  degree  of  heat  required.  All  of  the  elevators  are  run  by  steam 
or  water  and  the  building  is  lighted  throughout  by  incandescent  lights.  The 
latest  improvements  of  all  kinds  in  every  department  have  been  used,  and 
every  detail  carefully  attended  to  in  order  to  make  this  a  model  structure. 
Location  of  building,  243  to  253  Wabash  ave.  near  Jackson  st. 

HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSARIES. 

The  hospitals  of  Chicago  are  numerous,  the  system  under  which  they  are 
conducted,  as  a  rule,  is  liberal,  their  management  is  admirable,  and  their 
charity  is  Catholic  in  its  scope.  The  visitor  or  stranger  in  this  city  if  stricken 
down  by  accident  or  disease  need  not  fear  but  that  he  will  be  cared  for  with 
the  same  solicitude  and  tenderness  that  he  would  find  at  his  own  home,  no 
matter  what  his  nativity  or  his  creed  may  be,  or  whether  he  be  rich  or  penni- 
less. The  hospitals  of  Chicago  never  close  their  doors  upon  the  stranger. 
Public,  private,  protestant,  Roman  Catholic  and  Jewish  institutions  alike  are 
open  to  men,  women  and  children  in  distress,  without  question,  and,  when 
there  is  a  necessity  for  it,  without  price.  There  are  thirty-five  patrol  wagons 
in  the  police  service,  every  one  of  which  is  equipped  as  an  ambulance,  and  is 
used  as  such  in  case  of  emergency.  One  or  more  of  these  may  be  summoned 
to  the  scene  of  an  accident,  or  to  the  relief  of  a  striken  person,  within  the 
space  of  ten  minutes  from  almost  any  given  point  in  the  city.  In  addition  to 
the  patrol  ambulance  service,  there  are  two  regular  ambulances,  built  espe- 
cially with  a  view  to  the  comfort  of  afflicted  or  injured  persons,  and  this  num- 
ber will  in  all  probability  be  increased  to  twenty  -five  before  the  Worlds'Expo- 
sition  is  held  here.  To  Miss  Ada  C.  Sweet  belongs  the  honor  of  originating 


340  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

the  regular  ambulance  service  in  this  city.  Those  who  need  medical  attend- 
ance aud  medicine,  and  find  themselves  unable  to  meet  the  cost  of  the  same, 
will  be  provided  for  at  the  various  dispensaries  mentioned  below.  The  hos- 
pitals and  dispensaries  of  the  city  are  as  follows: 

Ditpensaries. — ALEXIAN  BROTHERS'  HOSPITAL,  Pharmacy,  539  N.  Market 
•  st.  AMERICAN  COLLEGE  OF  DENTAL  SURGERY,  78-80  State  st.  ARMOUR 
MISSION,  Thirty-third  st.,  se.  cor.  Butterneld  st.;  open  daily  (Sundays 
excepted)  from  9  to  11  A.  M.  BENNETT  FREE  DISPENSARY,  Ada  and  Fulton 
sts. ;  Supt.,  H.  S.  Tucker,  M.  D.;  attended  by  the  Faculty  of  the  Bennett 
Medical  College;  open  daily  (Sundays  excepted)  from  1 :30  to  3  p.  M.  BE- 
THESDA  FREE  MEDICAL  MISSION,  406  Clark  st. ;  under  care  of  W.  C.  T.  U. ; 
open  every  day,  except  Saturdays  and  Sundays,  from  3  to  5  p.  M.  CENTRAL 
FREE  DISPENSARY  of  West  Chicago,  Wood  and  W.  Harrison  sts.;  attended 
by  the  Faculty  of  Rush  Medical  College;  Medical  Superintendent,  Philip 
Adolphus,  M.  D.;  office  hours,  9  to  12  A.  M.,  and  1  to  6  p.  M.;  Sundays,  9  to 
10:30  A.  M.  CENTRAL  HOMOEOPATHIC,  S .  Wood  and  York  sts. ;  attended  by  the 
Faculty  of  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic  College;  Superintendent,  Curtis  M. 
Beebe,  M.  D.;  open  daily  (except  Sundays)  from  9  to  12  A.  M.,  and  2  to  4 
p.  M.  CHICAGO  CLINIC  ASSOCIATION,  open  daily,  from  3:30  to  4:30  p.  M.; 
room  215,  70  State  st.  CHICAGO  COLLEGE  OP  DENTAL  SURGERY,  122  Wabash 
ave.;  open  daily  from  9  A.  M.  to  4  p.  M.;  Supt.,  N.  D.  Edmonds,  M.  D., 
D.  D.  S.  CHICAGO  HOSPITAL  FOR  WOMEN  AND  CHILDREN,  Paulina  and  W. 
Adams  sts.;  open  every  day  except  Sunday.  CHICAGO  POLYCLINIC  DIS- 
PENSARY, 176  Chicago  ave.;  open  8:30  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.  daily.  CHICAGO 
SPECTACLE  CLINIC,  70  State  st.,  room  209;  open  9  to  10  A.  M. ; 
Dr.  Fannie  Dickinson,  surgeon  in  charge.  GERMAN  HOSPITAL,  754- 
756  Larabee  st. ;  attended  by  J.  Hcelscher,  M.  D.,  and  hospital 
house  physicians;  hours  9  to  12  A.  M.  and  2  to  4  p.  M.,  except  Sun- 
day.  HAHNEMANN  COLLEGE  FREE  DISPENSARY,  2813  Groveland  ave.; 
attended  by  the  faculty  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College;  open  all  day.  ILLI- 
NOIS EYE  AND  EAR  INFIRMARY,  121  S.  Peoria  st.;  open  daily  (except  Sunday) 
from  1  to  3  P.  M.;  Supt.,  E.  C.  Lawton.  LINCOLN  STREET  DISPENSARY 
(Women's  Medical  College),  335-337  S.  Lincoln  st.;  open  from  2:30  to  5  p.  M. 
MICHAEL  REESE  HOSPITAL  FREE  DISPENSARY,  Groveland  ave.,  ne.  cor.  Twen- 
ty-ninthst.  NATIONAL  TEMPERANCE  HOSPITAL,  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave.; 
open  from  10  to  12  A.  M.  and  2  to  4  p.  M.;  NORTH  STAR,  192  Superior  st.; 
Supt. ,  E.  J .  Broughan,  M.  D. ;  open  daily  (except  Sunday)  1  to  2  p.  M.  NORTH- 
WESTERN COLLEGE  OF  DENTAL  SURGERY, 1203  Wabash  ave.;  openfromSA.M. 
to  6  P.  M.  SOUTH  SIDE  FREE  DISPENSARY,  Prairie  ave.  and  Twenty-sixth 
st. ;  open  daily  1  to  3  p.  M.;  attended  by  the  faculty  of  Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege. ST.  LUKE'S  FREE  DISPENSARY,  1420-1430  Indiana  ave.;  open  daily 
from  12  M.  to  4  P.  M.  WEST  SIDE  FREE  DISPENSARY,  in  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  315  Honore  and  W.  Harrison  st. ;  open  daily  (except  Sun- 
day) from  1  to  5  p.  M.;  Pres.,  S.  A.  McWilliams,  M.D.  WOMAN'S  HOSPITAL 
OF  CHICAGO,  Rhodes  ave.,  nw.  cor.  Thirty-second  St.;  open  daily  (except 
Sunday)  from  2  to  4  P.  M.  YOUNG  WOMEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  (for 
women  and  children),  39  Rowland  blk.;  open  Monday  and  Friday  from  12  M. 
to  1  P.  M  ;  Supt.,  Dr.  Odelia  Blinn. 

Alexian  Brothers'  Hospital. — Located  at  539  to  569  North  Market  street. 
Take  North  Market  street  car.  Conducted  by  the  order  of  Cellites  or  Alexian 
Brothers;  Brother  Phillip  Krainer,  rector.  A  Roman  Catholic  hospital  which 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  341 

admits  all  creeds  and  classes.  The  hospital  is  conveniently  situated.  The 
buildings  are  large  and  handsome.  The  care  taken  of  patients  is  unexcelled 
anywhere. 

Augustana  Hospital. — Located  at  151  Lincoln  ave.  Take  Lincoln  ave. 
cable  line.  Conducted  by  the  Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches. 
Surgeon  in-chief,  Dr.  A.  J.  Ochsner,  a  commodious  structure  and  a  hospital 
of  high  standing. 

Bennett  Hospital. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Ada  and  Fulton  sts.  Take 
Lake  street  car.  President,  P.  L.  Clark,  M.  D.;  resident  physician,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  H.  S.  Tucker,  M.  D.  A  hospital  of  the  smaller  order. 

Chicago  Emergency  Hospital. — Located  at  192  E.  Superior  street.  Take 
North  Clark  street  cable  line.  Conducted  under  the  auspices  of  an  associa- 
tion of  Christian  ladies.  Its  object  is  to  care  for  persons  suddenly  stricken, 
and  who  can  not  be  removed  to  the  regular  hospitals  without  risk  of  life. 
Matron,  Mrs.  F.  Birkner.  Physicians,  Drs.  Chr.  Fenger  and  Ralph  Isham. 
House  doctor,  Dr.  O.  Waters. 

Chicago  Hom&opathic  Hospital. — Located  at  the  corner  of  South  Wood 
and  York  sts.  Take  Ogden  ave.  or  W.  Taylor  st.  car.  C.  T.  Hood,  Jr., 
M.  D.,  superintendent. 

Chicago  Floating  Hospital. — Located  at  North  Pier,  Lincoln  Park.  Take 
North  Clark  street  cable  line.  Open  only  during  July  and  August.  [See 
"Chicago  Daily  News  Fresh  Air  Fund,"  under  head  of  "Charities."]  Presi- 
dent, Joseph  Stockton;  treasurer,  George  Sturges. 

Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children. — Located  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  West  Adams  and  Paulina  sts.,  West  side.  Mrs.  J.  C.  Hilton,  presi- 
dent; Mrs.  Geo.  Oberne,  secretary;  Mrs.  Henry  Wilkinson,  treasurer.  Take 
Madison  st.  or  Ogden  ave.  cable  car.  This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  charity 
structures  in  the  city.  It  was  founded  in  1865,  and  was  destroyed  in  the  great 
fire  of  1871.  Its  founder  was  a  woman  and  a  physician,  Dr.  Mary  Harris  Thomp- 
son, who  is  still  at  the  head  of  its  surgical  and  medical  staff.  Its  beginning 
grew  out  of  the  philanthropic  work  done  during  the  war  by  the  ladies  of 
JChicago  among  the  soldiers  and  their  families.  The  fiist  building  occupied 
was  a  small,  old-fashioned  house  at  the  corner  of  Rush  and  Indiana  streets. 
This  was  opened  in  May.  The  following  May  they  removed  to  a  larger 
building  on  Ohio  street,  near  Clark.  Here  they  remained  three  years  and 
three  months,  and  then  made  another  move  to  402  North  State  st.,  which  was 
purchased  by  two  trustees,  Mr.  Gilbert  Hubbard  and  J.  Y.  Scammon,  for  its 
use,  where  the  great  fire  of  1871  overtook  them,  laying  the  building  in  ashes. 
The  perils  under  which  the  patients,  twenty-two  in  number,  suffered  that 
night  are  still  remembered  by  the  survivors.  A  tent  was  erected  on  the 
prairie,  in  which  the  officers  and  their  charges  remained  until  the 
morning  of  October  10,  when  Dr.  Thompson,  who  had  been  searching  for 
a  nouse,  returned  with  the  news  that  she  had  found  one  on  the  West  Side. 
The  patients  were  hurried  away  from  their  uncomfortable  quarters  to  the 
hastily  arranged  hospital,  a  three-story  dwelling  on  West  Adams  st.  The 
Relief  and  Ai'd  Society  came  at  once  to  their  rescue,  and  the  entire  building 
was  fitted  up  in  a  rude  way  and  filled  from  garret  to  cellar  with  women  and 
children,  victims  of  the  conflagration  .  There  had  been  enormous  barracks 
constructed  for  the  temporary  assistance  of  the  thousands  of  homeless  people 
by  the  II  lief  and  Aid  Society,  nnd  they  finally  decided  that  this  hospital 
must  come  with  these  barracks,  that  more  good  might  be  done  with  the  money 


342  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

accessary  to  support  it  separately.  The  hospital  was  thus  again  disunited. 
After  a  few  weeks'  trial  of  this  consolidation  the  hospital  ladies  were  informed 
that  they  must  again  assume  charge  of  their  patients,  and  gave  them  out  of 
the  relief  fund  $25,000  for  the  purchase  of  a  prominent  site  for  their  institu- 
tion. With  this  they  bought  the  lots  at  Paulina  and  Adams  sts. ,  150x130  feet, 
on  which  stood  a  small  wooden  building.  This  was  raised  and  remodeled  at  an 
expense  of  $3,000.  The  hospital  occupied  the  remodeled  dwelling  on  Adams 
st.  until  1883,  when  Dr.  Thompson  determined  upon  a  new  one,  so  sufficiently 
commodious  that  no  worthy  sufferer  need  be  turned  away  for  lack  of  room. 
The  building  was  at  once  begun,  and  was  ready  for  occupancy  in  December, 
1886;  and  it  is  now  free  of  debt  and  valued,  together  with  its  grounds,  at 
something  over  $100,000.  It  is  five  stories  and  basement  and  constructed  of 
brick  and  stone.  The  entire  force  within  its  walls,  with  the  exception  of  the 
engineer, fireman  and  janitor  are  women.  The  expenses  of  the  institution  are 
met  by  voluntary  contributions  from  the  philanthropic,  not  only  in  Chicago, 
but  from  all  over  the  land  wherever  its  good  works  are  known,  and  by  receipts 
from  paying  patients,  who  frequently  come  from  distant  homes  to  avail  1  hem- 
selves  of  its  superior  advantages  for  treatment  and  perfect  nursing.  There 
are  eighty  beds,  of  which  twenty  are  in  private  rooms.  There  is  a  training 
school  attached,  and  here  their  nurses  are  prepared  for  the  important  and 
delicate  duties  before  them.  Dr.  Thompson  has  not  resided  in  the  hospital 
since  the  fire,  but  has  always  been  at  the  head  of  its  medical  and  surgical 
staff,  She  also  retains  entire  charge  of  the  gynecological  ward.  There  are 
six  attending  physicians  and  six  physicians  on  the  dispensary  staff.  The 
consulting  staff  are  fifteen  of  Chicago's  ablest  city  physicians. 

Cook  County  Hospital.  —  Situated  between  Wood,  Harrison,  Lincoln  and 
Polk  streets,  West  Side.  Take  Ogclen  avenue,  Taylor  street,  or  Van  Buren 
street  car.  Oae  of  the  largest  public  hospitals  in  the  world.  It  is  conducted 
under  the  management  of  a  Warden,  appointed  by  the  County  Commission- 
ers. The  visitor  will  be  much  interested  by  a  walk  through  the  spacious 
wards  and  corridors  of  this  immense  institution.  The  Cook  County  Hospital 
was  established  in  1865,  though  it  did  not  begin  its  work  until  January,  1866. 
Previous  to  that  time  the  city  had  been  accustomed  to  board  its  sick  at  Mercy 
Hospital.  But  in  January,  1866,  it  fitted  up  two  wards  in  the  old  City  Hos- 
pital, at  the  corner  of  Eighteenth  and  Arnold  sts.,  and  moved  to  them  twelve 
patients  from  Mercy  Hospital.  These  wards  were  soon  filled  and  additions 
to  the  building  were  erected.  But  very  soon  these  also  were  overcrowded, 
and  in  1876  the  institution  was  removed  to  its  present  location,  at  the  corner 
of  West  Harrison  and  Wood  sts.  The  new  buildings,  which  were  not  all 
erected  at  the  same  time,  consist  now  of  a  long  administration  building  of 
imposing  appearance,  and  a  pavilion  of  four  wards,  and  a  wing  of  three  wards 
on  each  side  of  it,  withgenerousspaces  between  all  these  buildings.conducing 
greatly  not  only  to  their  appearance,  but  to  the  light,  ventilation  and  comfort 
of  the  wards.  They  are  situated  on  a  lot  containing  twelve  acres  of  ground. 
In  the  administration  building  are  the  main  office,  the  examining-room  for 
patients,  the  drug  store,  the  office  of  the  custodian,  the  office  for  coroner's 
inquests,  theoffices  of  the  warden,  theregistrar,  the  chief  clerk,  the  hospital 
committee,  and  the  medical  board,  and  the  private  apartments  of  warden,  in- 
ternes and  druggist.  In  the  rear  of  this  building  is  the  instrument-room,  the 
office  of  the  training  school  for  nurses,  and  the  amphitheatre.  The  buildings 
taken  together  constkutealmost  a  village  in  themselves.  It  has  an  immense  laun- 
dry, a  kitchen  that  turns  out  4,000  pounds  of  bread  a  week,  a  large  drug  store,  a 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  343 

grocery  store  and  its  own  carpenters,  painters,  steamfitters  and  plumbers.  It 
always  contains  500  patients  and  200  physicians,  nurses  and  employes.  The 
kitchen  has  in  connection  an  ice  house  holding  forty  tons  of  ice.  The  wards 
are  fourteen  in  number,  and  of  these,  three  are  male  medical,  five  are  male 
surgical,  one  is  female  medical  and  two  female  suigicaJ,  in  addition  to  one 
obstetrical  ward  and  one  ward  for  children.  The  pavilion  wards  are  very 
large,  being  120  feet  long  by  thirty  in  width.  They  are  lighted  by  windows 
on  each  side  and  contain  a  row  of  beds  on  each  side.  There  are  in  each  of 
them  about  forty-t wo  beds.  The  wing  wards  are  46  by  15  feet  in  size  and 
contain  about  thirty  beds.  They  are  lighted  by  windows  on  three  sides. 
Every  ward  has  in  connection  with  it  a  bath-room,  a  nurse-room,  a  linen-room, 
a  kitchen  and  dining-room.  The  surgical  wards  have  also  operating  rooms. 
The  beds  are  all  of  iron,  with  woven  wire  springs.  The  floors  of  the  wards 
arc  of  Georgia  pine  and  the  floors  of  the  corridors  are  paved  with  tiles.  The 
organization  of  this  vast  establishment  is  large  enough  for  many  a  city.  The 
officers  now  are,  John  J.  Phelan,  warden;  Dr.  Louis  J.  Mitchell,  registrar; 
T.  W.  Corkell,  chfef  engineer;  John  J.  Mahoney,  custodian;  Dr.  D.  P.  Rus- 
sell, druggist,  and  Miss  Virginia  S.  Field,  superintended  of  nurses.  The 
medical  attendance  is  furnished  by  three  large  medical  boards,  one  for  the 
allopaths,  one  for  the  homoeopaths  and  one  for  the  eclectics,  and  each  board 
is  divided  into  corps  of  surgeons,  physicians,  gynaecologists,  oculists,  aurists 
and  pathologists.  In  like  manner  there  is  a  house  staff  for  the  allopaths, 
another  for  the  homoeopaths  and  another  for  the  eclectics,  and  each  staff  is 
divided  into  surgical  officers  and  medical  officers.  High  over  all  these  officials 
are  the  hospital  committee, consisting  of  J.  W.  Reilly,  chairman,  J.  T.  Kelly, 
N.  A.  Cool,  O.  D.  Aller  and  P.  F.  Maloney,  who  have  fine  apartments  and  are 
treated  with  wonderful  respect  at  the  hospital.  During  the  six  mouths  end- 
ing January  1,  1889,  there  were  received  and  treated  3,255  cases,  and  during 
the  six  mouths  ending  July  1,  1889,  3,903  cases,  showing  an  increase  of  648. 
As  there  were  435  patientspresenton  January  1,  1889,  and  488  on  July  1, 1889, 
the  number  in  the  hospital  during  the  two  periods  respectively  was  3,690  and 
4,391.  So  that,  as  large  as  the  institution  is,  it  is  only  a  matter  of  time  when 
its  vast  accommodations  will  have  to  be  increased  to  keep  pace  with  the  grow- 
ing wants  of  the  city. 

German  Hospital. — Located  at  754-756  Larrabee  street,  North  Side. 
Take  Larrabee  street  car.  President  and  treasurer,  F.  F.  Hemming;  secretary, 
JohnC.  Burmeister;  surgeon-in-chief,  Dr.  Christian  Fengar;  physician-in- 
chief,  G.  Haesert,  M.  D.  This  is  one  of  the  leading  though  not  the  largest 
hospitals  in  the  city,  and  is  supported  by  an  association  of  citizens  of  Ger- 
man birth  and  descent. 

German  Hospital.  Located  at  754-7^6  Larrabee  street,  North  Side. 
Take  Lincoln  ave.  street  car.  President  and  treasurer,  F.  F.  Henning;  secre- 
tary, John  C.  Burmeister;  surgeon-in-chief,  Dr.  Christian  Fenger;  physuian- 
in-chief,  G.  Hessert,  M.  D.  This  is  one  of  the  leading  though  not  the" largest 
hospitals  in  the  city,  and  is  supported  by  donations  and  an  association  of  citi- 
zens mostly  of  German  birth  and  descent. 

Harinemann  Hospital. — Located  at  2813-2815  Groveland  ave.  Take  Cot- 
tage Grove  ave.  cable  line.  This  hospital  is  established  for  the  homoeopathic 
treatment  of  medical  and  surgical  diseases.  It  is  the  only  exclusively  homoeo- 
pathic hospital  in  Chicago.  It  is  a  private  institution  and  wholly  under  con- 


344  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

trol  of  its  Board  of  Trustees  and  Medical  Staff.  It  is  open  for  the  reception 
of  patients  at  all  times  during  the  year  and  takes  all  classes  except  con- 
tagious diseases.  It  has  a  resident  physician,  a  surgeon,  a  corps  of  trained 
nurses  and  a  staff  of-  eminent  visiting  physicians.  Clinics  for  the  treatment 
of  charity  patients  by  specialists  in  charge  of  the  different  departments  are 
held.  Women  are  received  for  confinement.  Pay  patients  may  enter  at  any 
time.  Charity  cases  are  received  from  September  to  May,  and  may  enter  two 
weeks  before  confinement.  Board,  nursing  and  attendance  may  be  obtained 
for  from  nine  to  twenty-five  dollars  per  week,  according  to  accommodations 
demanded. 

Hebrew  Hospital. — Jewish  residents  of  Chicago  have  in  hand  the  creation 
of  a  hospital  on  the  West  Side,  with  a  dietary  system,  strictly  in  accordance 
with  the  orthodox  Jewish  law.  It  is  said  that  many  people  of  the  faith  are 
deterred  from  entering  other  hospitals  by  fear  that  the  treatment  prescribed 
may  interfere  with  rabbinical  laws.  The  hospital  will  probably  be  estab- 
lished this  year. 

Maurice  Porter  Memorial  Free  Hospital. — Located  at  606  Fullerton  ave. 
Surgeons,  Thurman  W.  Miller,  M.  D.,  W.  S.  Belfield,  M.  D.  Superinten- 
dent, Miss  E.  C.  Culler.  Also  Physicians,  Dr.  Chas.  Rutter  and  Dr.  W.  8. 
Christopher. 

Linruen  Hospital. — Formerly  known  as  "The  Maternity  Hospital." 
Located  at  1619  Diversey  avenue.  It  is  now  a  public  hospital.  At  one  time 
the  hospital  was  a  private  institution  under  the  management  of  Dr.  Sven- 
Windrow,  but  the  idea  of  making  it  a  free  hospital  for  the  benefit  of  strangers 
in  this  country,  especially  those  of  Scandinavian  parentage,  was  finally  sug- 
gested. It  was  favorably  received  and  then  earned  out.  The  idea  of  the 
projectors  of  the  new  institution  is  to  make  of  it  a  place  where  the  poor  of 
any  nationality  can  be  treated  for  all  diseases.  The  building  is  a  five-story 
structure  and  it  has  accommodations  for  thirty-four  patients.  Formerly  only 
those  who  needed  the  advice  and  attention  of  a  midwife  were  admitted,  but 
the  plans  have  now  been  changed.  Miss  Anna  Malmquist,  matron. 

Mercy  Hospital. — Located  on  Twenty-sixth  st.  and  Calumet  ave.  Take 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line  to  Twenty-sixth  st.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters 
of  Mercy.  Medical  and  Surgical  attendance  by  the  faculty  of  the  Chicago 
Medical  College,  which  is  located  on  the  Hospital  grounds.  [See  Northwest- 
ern University.]  The  oldest  and  one  of  the  largest  of  existing  hospitals. 
This  splendid  institution  was  organized  in  1851.  The  leading  medical  men 
of  Chicago  had  opened  in  1850  the  Lake  House,  a  hospital  which  they  sty  led 
The  Illinois  General  Hospital  of  the  Lakes.  The  city  at  that  time  had  a  pop- 
ulation of  about  30,000.  It  was  supplied  with  water  by  an  engine  and  pump 
at  the  foot  of  Lake  st.  Chicago  previous  to  this  time  had  neither  sewer  nor 
water.  The  city  authorities  were  making  a  three-cornered  plank  sewer  on 
Clark  (then  spelled  Clarke)  st.  To  call  attention  to  sanitary  improvements, 
Dr.  N.  S.  Davis,  who  has  been  connected  with  the  hospital  ever  since,  gave 
six  lectures,  from  the  proceeds  of  which,  together  with  some  donations,  twelve 
beds  were  purchased.  Finding  that  the  hospital  was  not  conducted  to  their 
liking,  the  doctors  asked  the  Sisters  of  Mercy  to  take  charge  of  it,  which  they 
did.  They  at  once  doubled  the  number  of  beds,  and  the  hospital  soon  occu- 
pied half  of  the  Lake  House  building.  The  hospital  passed  entirely  into  the 
hinds  of  the  Sisters.  For  a  short  time  it  occupied  another  structure  called 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  345 

the  Tippecanoe  House,  a  poorly  built  and  badly  arranged  affair,  from  which 
location  it  was  removed  to  a  building  erected  by  the  Sisters  for  an  Orphan- 
age. After  several  years  it  was  removed  to  a  fine  edifice  erected  for  a  young 
ladies'  seminary.  In  1869  the  corner-stone  of  .the  present  hospital  building 
was  laid.  The  site  was  purchased  in  Mother  Agatha  O'Brien's  time,  with 
the  first  money  laid  up  by  Mother  M.  Vincent  McGeir,  when  in 
charge  of  the  old  hospital.  As  Bishop  Vandevelde,  then  in  charge  of  this 
diocese,  had  peculiar  views  regarding  the  propriety  of  a  religious  order  pos- 
sessing property  in  common,  the  purchase  was  made  through  the  agency  of  a 
friend.  It  cost  six  hundred  dollars.  The  above  facts  are  gathered  from  a 
chapter  in  "Leaves  from  the  Annals  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,"  written  by 
"  a  member  of  The  Order  of  Mercy"  (Sister  Mary  Teresa  Austin  Carroll)  who, 
upon  referring  to  the  original  cost  of  the  site,  adds:  "It  is  now  (1880)  worth 
two  hundred  thousand  dollars! "  The  probability  is  that  the  site  is  much  more 
valuable  to-day  than  it  was  in  1889,  as  it  embraces  one  of  the  finest  blocks, 
fronting  on  two  of  the  handsomest  avenues  in  the  Southern  part  of  the  city. 
The  building  erected  in  1869,  to  which  additions  have  since  been  made,  was 
looked  upon  at  the  time  as  being  a  magnificent  structure.  It  is  a  fine  edifice, 
even  in  the  present  age  of  wonders  in  Chicago  architecture,  but  it  has  long 
since  ceased  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  sisters.  The  hospital,  always  popu- 
lar, has  had  a  steadily  increasing  patronage  for  the  past  ten  years,and  the  sisters 
have  been  compelled  to  exercise  all  their  ingenuity  to  care  tor  the  great  num- 
ber v  h  >  have  sought  admission.  The  Sisters  at  one  time  cared  for  the  county 
patients.  [See  Cook  County  Hospital.]  The  medical  and  surgical  departments  of 
the  hospital  are  referred  to  elsewheie.  It  is  hardly  possible  to  say  anything  that 
would  be  new  to  the  public  regarding  the  Sislers  of  Meicy  as  nurses  of  the  sick. 
Their  unselfish  devotion,  their  fearless  regard  of  duty,  on  the  field  of  battle 
or  in  the  midst  of  a  plague-stricken  community;  their  gentleness  of  touch, 
their  patient  assiduity  in  the  care  of  the  old  and  the  young,  the  poor  and  the 
rich,  the  resident  and  the  stranger,  have  long  attracted  the  attention  and  the 
admiration  of  people,  Protestant  and  Jew  as  wel)  as  Roman  Catholic,  the 
world  over.  The  Sisters  of  Mercy  Hospital,  in  this  city,  have  brought 
thousands  back  from  the  brink  of  the  grave,  and  composed  the  minds  of 
thousands  more  for  the  inevitable  end.  They  have  won  the  affectionate 
regard  and  the  most  exalted  respect  of  the  best  people  of  the  community,  and 
no  institution  in  Chicago  stands  higher  than  the  hospital  which  they  manage. 
The  building  has  become  too  small  for  them.  It  is  not  the  structure  their 
great  work  of  christain  love  and  charity  demands,  and  it  is  probable  that  in 
the  near  future  either  the  entire  site  of  the  present  hospital  will  be  built  upon, 
with  the  main  building  facing,  Prairie  avenue,  or  a  new  site,  farther  to  the 
south,  will  be  selected.  The  contiguity  of  the  present  site  to  the  heart  of  the 
city,  however,  renders  it  most  desirable. 

Michael  Reese  Hospital. — Located  at  Twenty-ninth  street  and  Groveland 
avenue;  take  Illinois  Central  train  to  Twenty-first  street  or  Cottage  Grove 
avenue  cable  line.  This  is  one  of  the  most  praiseworthy  institutions  in  the 
city,  and  is  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  Hebrew  Charities, 
which  also  has  under  its  charge  and  protection  a  training  school  for  nurses,  a 
dispensary,  a  library,  an  employment  bureau,  a  relief  society,  a  cemetery, 
and  numerous  auxiliary  charities.  The  Executive  Board  for  1890-91  is  as 
follows:  Isaac  Greensfelder,  president;  Herman  F.  Hahn,  vice-president; 
Herman  Schaffner,  treasurer;  Charles  Hefter,  financial  secretary;  Benja- 


346  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

min  J.  Wertheimer,  recording  secretary;  Boerne  Bettman,  Bernard  Cahn, 
Morris  Eiustein,  Henry  L.  Frank,  Bernard  Mergentheim,  Henry  N.  Hart, 
Henry  Elkan.  Emanuel  Frankenthal,  Jacob  Rosenberg,  Leo  Fox,  trustees; 
Francis  E.  Kiss,  superintendent;  S.  Bartenstein,  superintendent  of  Labor 
Bureau. 

All  red  tape  is  abolished  in  connection  with  this  hospital,  as  arc  regular 
visiting  days  at  the  relief  rooms ;  applicants  are  receivtd  during  all  business 
hours  of  each  day  and  during  every  business  day  in  the  year.  Recently  the 
capacity  of  the  hospital,  a  fine  building,  has  been  greatly  increased,  the  train- 
ing school  for  nurses  established,  and  a  children's  ward  added.  Additional 
assistants  have  also  been  added  to  the  hospital  relief  force.  This  hospital 
ranks  among  the  best  in  the  country,  both  in  its  internal  arrangements  and  its 
medical  staff.  During  the  fiscal  year  of  1889-90  the  Relief  officers  assisted, 
including  adults  and  children,  over  sixty-five  hundred  persons,  and  a  much 
larger  number  during  1890-91.  Among  recent  bequests  was  that  of  $10,000 
from  the  family  of  the'late  Conrad  Seiph,  and  $4,100  from  others.  Work- 
ing for  the  various  charities  and  The  Young  Men's  Hebrew  Association,  the 
West  Side  Ladies'  Sewing  Society,  the  North  Side  Ladies'  Sewing  Society, 
the  West  Side  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  the  South  Side  Ladies'  Sewing  Society 
and  the  Young  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  all  of  which  contribute  largely  toward 
their  maintenance.  The  cemetery  is  located  at  Ridgelawn,  in  the  suburbs, 
and  has  been  beautified  greatly  of  late.  Sixty-one  persons  were  buried  there 
by  the  United  Societies  iu  1879.  For  the  fiscal  year  of  1889-90  nearly  $17,000 
were  expended  for  relief,  some  $13,500  of  which  was  contributed  by  the  vari- 
ous Hebrew  congregations  ;  the  general  expenses  of  the  hospital  amounted  to 
nearly  $27,000,  exclusive  of  over  $15,600  expended  upon  permanent  improve- 
ments. The  total  amount  received  by  way  of  donations  and  subscriptions  for 
relief,  and  for  the  hospital,  amounted  to  $33,457.56.  The  receipts  from  pay 
patients,  together  with  the  amount  of  interest  collected  from  the  sinking 
fund,  amounted  to  less  than  $14,000.  The  sum  total  in  the  sinking  fund,  of 
every  kind  and  character  belonging  to  the  association,  amounted  to  about 
$94,000. 

National  Temperance  Hospital. — Located  at  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave. 
Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  Mrs.  M.  C.  Baker,  president ;  Mrs.  J. 
B.  Payne,  treasurer  ;  Linnie  M.  Ousley,  M.  D.  Conducted  under  the  auspices 
of  the  National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 

Presbyterian  Hospital  of  tJie  City  of  Chicago. — Location,  Congress  street, 
Hermitage  avenue  and  Wood  street.  The  Ogden  avenue,  Van  Buren  street, 
Harrison  and  Washington  and  Harrison  and  Adams  street  cars  pass  within  a 
block  of  the  hospital.  While  this  institution  is  nominally  Presbyterian, 
nevertheless  it  is  conducted  for  the  purpose  of  "  affording  surgical  and  medical 
aid  and  nursing  to  sick  and  desirable  persons  of  every  creed  and  nationality 
and  color;  and  provides  them,  while  inmates  of  the  Hospital,  with  the  minis- 
trations of  the  Gospel  agreeably  to  the  doctrine  and  forms  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.''  The  officers  are:  Mr.  George  M.  Bogue,  president;  Mr.  Wni.  A. 
Douglass,  secretary;  Mr.  George  W  Hale,  treasurer;  H.  B.  Stehman,  M.  D., 
medical  superintendent.  The  Hospital  building  proper  is  the  largest  and 
most  handsome  private  structure  of  its  kind  in  the  city.  Exclusive  of 
employes,  it  has  a  capacity  for  175  patients.  The  Maternity  building  contains 
fifteen  beds,  and  the  Convalescent  Home,  twenty  beds.  All  of  these  depart- 


ENCYCLOPEDIA.  347 

tnents  are  under  one  general  management.  During  the  past  year  nearly  2,000 
patients  have  been  treated,  of  which  number  more  than  forty  per  cent,  were 
treated  free  of  charge;  and  as  many  more  received  care  for  less  than  the 
actual  cost  of  maintenance.  There  are  at  present  sixty  endowed  beds,  but 
this  does  not  represent  nearly  the  amount  of  work  done  by  this  great  charity. 
Of  the  above  number  of  beds,  twenty-nine  are  permanently  endowed;  i.  e., 
for  each  bed,  the  sum  of  $5,000  has  been  paid  to  the  Hospital,  which  in  turn 
invests  the  same  and  can  use  only  the  interest  thereof  for  the  support  of  the 
bed.  For  thirty-one  of  these  beds  $800  has  been  paid,  which  sum  is  expended 
in  caring  for  one  bed  for  one  year.  The  nursing  of  the  Hospital  is  under  the 
management  <jf  the  Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses  (see  "Illinois  Train- 
ing School  for  Nurses.")  Efficient  support  is  rendered  the  Hospital  by  an 
auxiliary  society  known  as  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  the  president  of  which  is 
Mrs.  D.  C.  Marquis;  the  vice-presidents  are:  Mesdames  Daniel  A.  Jones,  H.  N. 
Hibbard,  Octavius  S.  Newell,  John  V.  Farwell,  Frederick  W.  Crosby  and 
John  L.  Withrow;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Henry  M.  Curtis.  The  first  patient  was 
admitted  on  the  20th  of  August,  1884.  Up. to  January  1,  1892,  the  register 
shows  that  the  admissions  number  over  7,000  patients. 

Provident  Hospital. — Located  at  2900  Dearborn  st.  Take  State  street 
cable  line.  Established  by  colored  people.  The  staff  consists  of  ten  physi- 
cians, white  and  colored.  It  is  intended  for  the  poor  of  African  descent,  but 
there  is  no  distinction  on  account  of  race  or  color.  Those  who  can  afford  it  pay ; 
those  who  can  not  pay  ure  treated  without  money  and  without  price.  The 
men  who  founded  the  hospital  have  no  complaints  to  make  of  existing  hospi- 
tals, or  the  treatment  of  Afro-American  patients  in  these  hospitals,  but  they 
believe  in  self-help,  and  recognize,  as  well,  that  there  is  in  Chicago  a  decided 
lackof  hospital  accommodation. 

Railway  Brotherhood  Hospital.  —  Under  the  auspices  of  the  Railway 
Brotherhood  Hospital  Association.  Located  at  No.  78  N.  Ada  street.  Take 
W.  Randolph  car  or  Madison  street  cable  line.  Conducted  by  the  engineers, 
fire'men,  conductors,  brakemen,  switchmen,  operators  and  street  railway  con- 
ductors and  drivers.  Branch  hospital,  6301  Wentworth  avenue.  M.  D.  Rob- 
inson, M.  D.,  president;  M.  H.  Rumbold,  secretary  and  superintendent;  L.  P. 
Smith,  A.  L.  Nicholson,  house  physicians.  J.  H.  Fascher,  M.  D.,  house 
physician  of  the  branch  hospital. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital. — Located  at  Davis  and  Le  Moyne  streets,  con- 
ducted by  the  Poor  Hand  Maids  of  Jesus  Christ.  Staff  of  attending  physi- 
cians, W.  H.  Lukens,  M.  D.;  J.  B.  Herrick,  M.  D.;  E.  L.  Lawson,  M.  D.;  J. 
B.  Qnirk,  home  physician;  S.  Kunz,  surgeon. 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital. — Located  on  Garfield  ave.  and  Burling  st.,  near  N. 
Halstead  st.,  North  Side.  Take  Gai field  ave.  or  N.  Halsted  car.  Conducted 
by  the  Sisters  of  Charity.  Sister  Mary  Cephas,  superior.  Old  residents 
of  Chicago  will  remember  Providence  Hospital,  in  Lake  View.  It  was  an 
unpretentious  frame  structure  in  a  place  rather  remote,  at  that  time,  from 
the  city,  but  it  was  the  most  suitable  which  the  means  of  the  Sisters  of  Char- 
ity could  compass  when  they  took  up  their  hospital  work  in  Chicago  in  1869. 
Ry  unceasing  effort,  however,  a  more  desirable  location  was  secured,  and  in 
1871  the  present  St.  Joseph's  Hospitnl  was  erected  on  Garfield  avenue  (then 
Sophia  st.)  The  site  is  peculiarly  suitable  for  (he  purposes  of  the  institution, 
being  in  the  highest  and  dryesl  ptrtion  of  the  city  and  having  all  the  advan- 


348  GUI1)E    TO    CHICAGO. 

tages  of  proximity  to  Lake  Michigan  and  Lincoln  Park.  After  twenty  years 
of  usefulness  in  the  care  of  suffering  humanity  the  building  became  inade- 
quate to  the  rapidly-growing  popularity  of  the  hospital,  and  the  sisters  were 
encouraged  by  the  munificent  bequest  of  $10,000  by  the  late  Conrad  Seipp, 
Esq.,  to  lay  the  foundation  for  a  new  and  more  commodious  building  in  1890. 
After  two  years  of  untiring  energy,  and  the  expenditure  of  a  large  sum  of 
money,  some  of  which  was  borrowed  at  a  resonable  rate  of  interest,  the 
Sisters  of  Charity,  with  the  same  spirit  which  prompted  Columbus  400  years 
ago  to  cross  the  unknown  seas  (the  love  of  God  and  humanity),  in  1892  threw 
open  the  doors  of  this  grand  institution  to  the  suffering  members  of  our  Lord 
without  regard  to  creed  or  nationality.  The  hospital  staff  is  composed  of 
surgeons  and  physicians  who  have  earned  for  themselves  a  world-wide  repu- 
tation. Prof.  Nicholas  Serin,  M.  D.,  surgeon  in  charge;  Dr.  G.  W.  Reynolds 
and  Prof.  J.  H.  Chew,  M.  D.,  physicians  in  charge;  Prof.  D.  R.  Brower,  M.  D., 
mental  and  nervous  diseases;  Dr.  John  Bartlett,  obstetrician;  Dr.  Robert 
Tilley,  diseases  eye  and  ear;  Prof.  E.  F.  Ingals,  M.  D.,  diseases  of  throat  and 
nose;  Dr.  G.  W.  Reynolds,  gynaecologist;  consulting  surgeons,  Proi.  T.  W. 
Miller,  M.  D.;  Prof.  J.  B.  Hamilton,  M.  D.;Prof.  D.  W.  Graham,  M.  D.; 
consulting  physicians,  Prof.  W.  Godfrey  Dyas,  M.  D.;  Prof.  Henry  M. 
Lyman,  M.  D  ;  consulting  gynaecologist  Prof.  J.  H.  Ethridge,  M.  D. 

The  hospital  is  fitted  with  all  the  latest  improvements  for  ventila- 
tion, heating,  etc.,  and  has  accommodations  for  three  hundred  patients  in 
wards  and  private  rooms.  Of  the  latter  there  are  fifty,  tastefully  decorated, 
thoroughly  comfortable,  with  the  most  approved  furnishings  and  abundantly 
supplied  with  light  and  air.  The  wards  are  also  models  of  neatness  and 
comfort  and  so  carefully  have  the  interests  of  the  sick  been  provided  for  that 
open  fireplaces  have  been  placed  in  each  ward.  The  building  is  heated  by 
steam.  The  schedule  of  prices  is  so  arranged  that  all  classes  of  patients  can 
be  accommodated  and  avail  themselves,  at  reasonable  rates,  of  the  superior 
advantages  of  the  hospital.  Physicians  whose  names  are  not  on  the  staff 
have  the  privilege  of  attending  patients  in  the  private  rooms.  Parents  of 
children  suffering  from  chronic  medical  or  surgical  diseases  requiring  pro- 
longed treatment  can  arrange  to  leave  them  in  the  care  of  the  institution. 
The  out-patient  department  provides  for  the  treatment  of  all  persons  pre- 
senting themselves  at  the  hospital  office,  and  includes  the  same  wide  range  of 
treatment  as  the  hospital  proper.  Persons  without  means  are  made  welcome 
to  the  advantages  of  this  department. 

Of  the  tenderness  and  care  with  which  the  sisters  of  charity  treat  all 
persons,  of  whatever  degree,  committed  to  their  charge,  it  is  hardly  neces- 
sary to  speak.  The  unremitting  attention,  the  more  than  sisterly  solicitude, 
the  constant  vigilance  and  the  unselfish  devotion  of  these  noble  women,  in 
the  service  of  the  afflicted,  has  won  for  them  the  warmest  respect  and  admi- 
ration of  people  of  all  creeds  the  world  over. 

St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital. — Located  at  1430-1434  Indiana  ave.  Rev.  Cllb- 
ton  Locke,  D.  D.,  president;  Arthur  Ryerson,  secretary;  N.  K.  Fairbank, 
treasurer;  George  B.  Dresner,  superintendent.  Take  Indiana  ave.  car, 
Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Get  off  at  Fourteenth  st.  In  the  earlier  days  of  Chi- 
cago but  little  provision  was  made  for  the  care  of  her  worthy  poor  in  time  of 
sickness  and  distress,  such  hospitals  as  then  existed  being  made  the  resort  of 
the  low  and  vicious.  It  was  in  1864  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Clinton  Locke,  rector 
of  Grace  Church,  moved  by  these  distresses,  preached  a  sermon  embodying 
thesecrying  wants  and  the  painful  details.  After  listening  to  this  discourse, 
a  few  philanthropic  ladies,  members  of  his  congregation,  met  him  at  his 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  JOHN  M.  SMYTH  BUILDING,  W.  MADISON,  NEAR  HALSTED  ST. 
[See  "Guide."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  349 

vestry  door  and  offered  their  aid  in  providing  a  remedy  for  all  this  ill,  and 
implored  him  for  guidance  iu  the  effort.  He  recoguized  them  as  his  allies  in 
all  good  works  and,  accepting  their  services  and  the  trust,  undertook  the 
work  that  same  week.  Different  committees  were  appointed.  One  to  look 
for  a  suitable  house,  another  to  ask  for  beds  and  furniture,  and  still  another 
to  solicit  money.  The  following  Thursday  they  all  met.  A  small  house  of 
eight  rooms  had  been  found  on  State  St.,  poor  and  mean,  but  the  rent  was 
only  $300  a  year,  and  it  had  a  veranda,  a  little  grass  and  a  few  trees  in  the 
yard.  It  was  environed  by  squalor  and  degradation,  but  would  accommodate 
six  patients  in  comparative  comfort.  Enough  furniture  had  been  begged  to 
furnish  it,  and  a  man  and  woman  were  employed  to  nurse,  and  they,  with  the 
aid  of  one  servant,  took  care  of  the  six  patients.  Very  little  money  had  been 
collected  by  the  soliciting  committee,  the  general  excuse  for  not  giving  being 
that  the  idea  was  "new,"  that  they  would  "wait  and  see."  But  these  busy 
workers  were  not  to  be  discouraged  by  such  things  as  these.  They  got  the 
house  in  readiness,  even  to  the  sign  above  the  gate,  painted,  gratuitously,  by 
an  amateur  artist,  and  reading,  "St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital."  That  it  should 
be  recognized  as  absolutely  free  was  the  determination.  In  a  day  or  two  the 
first  patient  was  brought  in,  and  on  the  next  day  the  second.  This  man  was 
suffering  from  delirium  tremens,  and  through  his  acquisition  the  infant  hos- 
pital obtained  some  free  advertising.  The  first  thing  he  did  was  to  jump  out 
of  the  window  and  stab  a  passing  pedestrian.  Then  the  hospital  had  three 
patients. 

Shortly  after  this  a  gentleman  came  to  the  president  saying  that  an  unfin- 
ished building  which  had  been  intended  fora  workmen's  boarding  house  had 
come  into  his  possession.  It  was  built  down  among  the  railroads  and  shops, 
near  the  corner  of  Indiana  ave.  and  Fourteenth  st.  This  gentleman  offered 
to  donate  $2,000  toward  its  purchase  and  completion,  and  guaranteed,  with 
some  assistance,  to  collect  what  more  would  be  needed.  The  building  was 
purchased  and  finished  as  could  best  be  done  for  hospital  purposes.  Before 
it  had  occupied  its  new  home  a  yearthe  great  fire  came  and  its  every  available 
corner  was  filled  with  the  injured.  From  all  over  the  land  came  money  to 
the  rescue,  from  church  people  who  knew  the  fire  would  cut  off  ite  ordinary 
resources,  and  that  it  must  be  maintained  by  outside  donations.  By  means 
of  these  generous  donations  it  was  able  to  purchase  the  lot  upon  which  the 
building  stood,  paying  $8, 000  for  it.  Better  equipments  and  conveniences  were 
also  added  from  this  fund.  Then  the  endowment  of  beds  began,  large  sums 
of  money  being  given,  bequeathed,  or  collected  for  that  purpose.  Others 
took  upon  themselves  the  support  of  beds,  paying  into  the  treasury  $300  a 
year  for  that  purpose.  The  running  expenses  were  now  $11,000  a  year,  and 
much  difficulty  was  often  found  in  raising  that  amount.  But  it  was  always 
obtained  in  some  way  and  the  hospital  kept  out  of  debt.  The  work  was  car- 
ried on  in  this  buildiuguntil  the  year  1882,  when  it  was  removed  and  the  main 
buildings  of  the  present  commodious  hospital  were  begun.  During  1890  an 
additional  building  was  added  in  memory  of  the  late  Samuel  Johnston,  \vhich 
makes  a  fine  front  on  Indiana  ave.  Since  its  foundation,  February  17,  1864, 
over  10,800  persons  have  been  received  and  cared  for  as  "in "  patients.  Dur- 
ing the  last  year  1172  were  admitted  to  the  wards  and  rooms,  and  3,715 
received  medical  advice  and  surgical  treatment  at  the  dispensary  free  of 
charge.  While  the  hospital  is  free  to  those  who  can  not  afford  to  pay,  there 
are  some  rooms  set  aside  for  those  who*  can,  or  they  can  be  admitted  'to  the 
wards. 


350  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

OFFICERS— President  and  chaplain,  Rev.  Clinton  Locke,  D.  D.,  2825 
Indiana  ave.;  vice-president,  Charles  E.  Felton,  211  Jackson  st.;  secretary, 
Arthur  Ryerson,  185  Dearborn  st.;  treasurer,  N.  K.  Fairbanks,  Fairbank 
Building;  trustees,  Rev.  Clinton  Locke,  D.  D.,  N.  K.  Fairbank,  J.  W. 
Doane,  H.  E.  Sargent,  Arthur  Ryerson,  Charles  W.  Brega,  I.  K.  Hamilton, 
H.  A.  Wheeler,  Charles  F.  Elmes;  Charles  E.  Felton,  Rev.  John  Rouse,  Rev. 
Floyd  W.  Tomkins,  Jr.;  board  of  directors,  Mrs.  Clinton  Locke,  Mrs.  N.  K. 
Fairbank.  Mrs.  Edwin  Walker,  Mrs.  James  T.  Hoyne,  Mrs.  Orson  Smith, 
Mrs.  D.  R.  Brower,  Mrs.  James  H.  Walker,  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Elmes.  House 
Officers:  Superintendent,  Geo.  B.  Dresher;  resident  chaplain,  Rev.  C.  N. 
Moller;  housekeeper,  Cornelia  M.  Shaw;  druggist,  Albert  G.  Fischer;  clerk, 
Kate  Bateman.  House  Staff-  House  surgeon,  Edwin  F.  Gavin,  M.  D  ,  term 
expires  October  31,  1891;  house  phys-ician,  Philo  L.  Holland,  M.  D.,  term 
expires  April  30,  1892;  house  physician,  Wm.  E.  Kramer,  M.  D.,  term  expires 
October  31,  1892;  superintendent  of  training  school.  K.  L.  Lett;  assistant 
superintendent  of  training  school,  J.  M.  Champlin.  Telephone  8438. 

St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum  and  Maternity  Hospital.  —  Located  at  191 
La  Salle  ave.  Take  Clark  or  Wells  St.  cable  lines.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters 
of  Charity.  This  institution  is  for  the  care  of  infants  and  children  undei  five 
years  of  age,  who  can  be  reclaimed  by  parents  or  friends  at  any  time,  unless 
they  abandon  them  or  desire  to  give  them  up  for  adoption.  The  building  is 
capable  of  accommodating  two  hundred  children.  It  is  provided  with  a  per- 
fect system  of  ventilation,  all  modern  improvements  and  is  heated  by  steam, 
making  it  altogether  one  of  the  finest  institutions  in  the  Union.  Two  spacious 
rooms  on  the  first  floor,  each  thirty  by  forty  feet,  are  devoted  to  playroom 
and  Kindergarten  purposes,  and  the  exercise  there  obtained  is  supplemented 
by  recreation  on  the  large  balconies  attached  to  the  playrocm.  There  are 
also  large  nurseries  where  mothers  are  accommodated  with  their  infants,  free, 
on  condition  that  each  woman  will  nurse  another  infant.  -Arrangements  can 
also  be  made  to  have  infants  wet-nursed.  A  portion  of  the  building  is  fitted 
up  as  a  lying-in  department  which  is  entirely  private.  Patients  can  be  accom- 
modated according  to  their  means.  In  the  wards  the  terms  range  from  $6  to 
$8,  and  in  the  private  rooms  from  $10  to  $20  per  week,  according  to  the  room 
selected. 

United  States  Marine  Hospital. — This  government  building  is  located  at 
Lake  View,  about  five  miles  north  of  the  harbor,  and  is  accessible  by  the 
Evanston  and  Alexandre  avenue  extension  of  the  North  Clark  street  cable 
line  of  cars,  and  by  the  C.,  M.  £  St.  P.  R.  R..  Evanston  division,  to  Buena 
Park  station.  An  act  of  Congress  of  June  20th,  1864,  authorized  the  sale  of 
the  Marine  Hospital,  then  on  the  land  adjacent  to  old  Fort  Dearborn,  and  the 
purchase  of  a  more  eligible  site;  but,  before  the  premises  had  been  surren- 
dered, the  building  and  contents  were  destroyed  by  the  great  fire  of  October, 
1871.  The  land  selected  was  the  lake  front,  on  which  a  strong  breakwater 
was  constructed,  and  the  erection  of  the  hospital  began  in  January,  1867.  It 
was  opened  for  patients  November  17,  1873.  The  hospital  is  built  of  stone, 
and  is  340  feet  long  ;  it  has  a  basement,  and  is  three  stories  high,  consisting 
of  a  center  portion,  with  attached  wings.  It  is  an  imposing  building,  with  a 
general  appearance  of  plainness  and  stability.  'The  center  portion  is  used  for 
a  hospital  dispensary,  offices  and  quarters,  while  the  wings  contain  six  wards, 
each  75  feet  long  and  30  feet  wide;  Veil-lighted,  thoroughly  ventilated  and 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  351 

conveniently  arranged,  with  a  total  capacity  for  150  patients.  The  sanitary 
precautions  in  drainage,  and  provisions  for  the  suppression  of  tire  throughout 
the  building  are  of  the  most  approved  plans.  The  steam-heating  apparatus, 
laundry  and  steam  pumps,  are  in  an  adjacent  building.  The  original  cost  of 
the  hospital  was  $424,745,  in  addition  to  which  $75,000  has  been  expended 
for  improvements  upon  building  and  grounds.  The  beneficiaries  of  the 
United  States  Marine  Hospital  "  are  those  employed  in  the  care,  preservation 
or  navigation,  of  any  merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States."  Special  provis- 
ion is  made  for  seamen  taken  from  wrecks,  and  those  of  the  various  govern 
ment  services.  Sick  and  disabled  seamen,  whose  diseases  and  injuries 
are  of  such  a  nature  that  they  can  properly  be  relieved  by  medicines, 
dressings  or  advice,  without  admission  to  the  hospital,  are  treated  at 
the  Marine  Hospital  Dispensary,  at  the  Custom  House  Building.  The 
number  of  patients  treated  in  this  hospital  since  its  opening  to  January, 
1892,  is  11,576,  and  37, 339  in  the  dispensary.  The  hospital  is  in  charge  of  a 
staff  of  medical  officers  of  the  marine  hospital  service,  who  are  commissioned 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  subject  to  change  of  station.  The 
attendants  are  selected  with  a  view  to  their  proficiency,  and  their  appoint- 
ments are  free  from  personal  or  political  influence;  they  are  uniformed,  and 
a  strict  observance  of  rules  required  of  them.  The  expenses  of  the  hospital 
are  paid  with  money  derived  from  the  general  tonnage  tax  collected  from 
vessels  returning  from  foreign  ports,  and  no  money  is  expected  or  received  in 
any  way  from  patients  admitted.  The  hospital  is  open  at  all  times  to  visitors 
interested  in  its  construction  or  management,  and  to  the  friends  of  the 
patients,  except  Sundays.  General  John  B.  Hamilton,  M.  H.  S.,  is  in  com- 
mand of  the  Hospital. 

Wesley  Hospital. — Located  at  355-357  E.  Ohio  street,  North  Side;  take 
North  Clark  street  cable  line  or  North  State  street  car;  this  is  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  hospital  of  the  city.  The  officers  are:  Rev.  Luke  Hitchcock,  D.  D., 
president;  James  B.  Hobbs,  vice-president;  Matson  Hill,  secretary.  Trustees: 
E.  W.  Burke,  N.  W.  Harris,  C.  D.  Hauk,  H.  A.  Goodrich,  W.  E.  Black- 
stone,  Rev.  R.  D.  Sheppard,  D.  D.,  James  B.  Hobbs,  Rev.  Luke  Hitchcock, 
D.  D.,  Rev.  F.  M.  Bristol,  D.  D.,  Hiram  J.  Thompson,  whose  terms  expire 
1890;  Rev.  C.  E.  Mandeville,  D.  D.,  M.  P.  Hatfield,  M.  D.,  Charles  Busby, 
I.  N.  Danforth,  M.  D.,  R.  D.  Fowler,  L.  L.  Bond,  Hon.  O.  H.  Horton,  J.  L. 
Whitlock,  Rev.  C.  G.  Trusdell,  D.  D.,  C.  B.  Eggleston,  whose  terms  expire 
1891;  Geo.  D.  Elderkin,  Matson  Hill,  W.  H.  Rand,  J.  S.  Harvey,  M.  H. 
Wilson,  Wm.  Deering,  D.  R.  Dynhe,  M.  D.,  Rev.  H.  G.  Jackson,  D.  D.. 
Henry  Rieke,  J.  Shelly  Meyer,  whose  terms  expire  1893.  Superintendent,  J. 
Shelly  Meyer;  superintending  nurse,  Miss  M.  E.  Simonds;  matron,  Miss 
Mary  Jefferson;  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  February  1,  1889. 
Among  the  recently  established  institutions  of  Methodism  it  would  be  difficult 
to  find  one  with  more  vigor  and  usefulness  than  Wesley  Hospital.  At  the  end 
of  the  first  year  the  hospital  had  given  treatment  to  nearly  one  hundred  cases; 
the  bills  had  all  been  paid  with  a  small  balance  remaining  in  the  treasury, 
and  many  persons  desiring  to  enter  during  the  year  had  been  refused  admis- 
sion for  want  of  room.  The  trustees  learning  these  facts  unanimously  recom- 
mended the  renting  of  the  private  house  adjoining  the  hospital,  thus  doubling 
the  ^  ipacity.  This  charity,  though  in  its  infancy,  is  meeting  with  very  gen- 
erous support,  particularly  from  members  of  the  Methodist  Church.  The 
Chicago  Training  School  for  nurses  is  in  charge  of  the  nursing  department. 
More  ro  >m  and  better  facilities  will  be  added  during  the  coming  year.  The 
interest  on  $5,000  endows  a  free  bed,  and  contributions  are  welcomed  from 
all  charitable  people. 


352  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Woman's  Hospital. — Located  at  Rhodes  avenue  and  Thirty-second  street, 
South  Side;  take  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line  ;  chartered  November  16, 
1882.  This  corporation  is  a  continuance  of  "  The  Woman's  Hospital  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,"  and  is  perpetual.  Officers:  Mrs.  J.  B.  Lyon,  president  ; 
Mrs.  C.  W.  Greene,  vice-president ;  Mrs.  A.  Jl.  Vaughan,  secretary;  Mrs.  V. 
D.  Perkins,  treasurer.  It  is  specially  devoted  to  the  treatment  of  the  diseases 
and  accidents  peculiar  to  women,  irrespective  of  creed,  color,  or  condition  in 
life;  to  the  clinical  instruction  of  students  of  medicine;  to  the  practical  train- 
ing of  nurses.  The  hospital  does  not  treat  all  diseases;  only  those  specially  per- 
taining to  women.  Patients  are  of  two  classes:  First,  house-patients,  those 
admitted  within  the  Hospital,  to  reside  until  discharged;  second,  out-door 
patients,  those  who  apply  to  the  outdoor  department  for  treatment  at  stated 
intervals.  In  connection  with  the  hospital  is  a  training  school  for  nurses. 
The  object  of  this  department  is  to  give  young  women  a  careful  training  in 
the  nursing  of  women,  particularly  after  surgical  operations,  in  acute  and 
chronic  diseases  peculiar  to  women,  and  in  obstetrical  cases.  The  number  of 
patients  treated  annually  is  about  300  ;  total  receipts  per  year  about  $20,000, 
disbursements  about  the  same. 

HOTELS. 

There  are  at  present  between  fourteen  and  fifteen  hundred  hotels  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  including  small  and  large,  and  houses  of  all  grades,  but 
excluding  lodging  houses,  boarding  houses  and  distinctively  family  hotels, 
where  no  transients  are  received.  The  united  capacity  of  these  hotels  is  esti- 
mated as  175,000.  It  is  believed  that  they  could,  if  pressed,  accommodate 
100,000  additional  guests.  But  this  will  not  be  necessary.  Numerous  immense 
hotels  are  either  projected  or  being  constructed  at  the  present  time.  The 
spring  of  1893  will  find  Chicago  ready  with  ample  hotel  accommodations 
for  500,000  guests.  Neither  the  boarding  houses,  nor  houses  where  furnished 
rooms  may  be  rented,  nor  lodging  houses,  are  considered  here.  Outside  of 
the  hptels  there  are  eating  houses  or  restaurants  and  cafes,  with  an  esti- 
mated feeding  capacity  at  the  present  time  of  25,000  persons  daily.  The 
hotels  of  prominence  in  Chicago  are  as  follows: 

Atlantic  Hotel. — Located  on  the  corner  of  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts., 
opposite  the  Van  Buren  St.  depot,  and  in  the  Board  of  Trade  center.  A  hotel 
which,  although  not  making  any  great  pretentious  as  to  style,  has  been  pat- 
ronized during  the  past  twenty  years  by  thousands  of  the  better  class  of  Wes- 
tern merchants,  commercial  travelers  and  tourists.  It  is  most  conveniently 
situated.  The  hotel  lies  in  the  outer  edge  of  the  great  wholesale  dry  goods, 
jobbing,  hats  and  caps  and  boots  and  frbpes  district  and  is  within  one-third  of 
a  mile  of  the  leather,  iron,  agricultural  implement  and  woolen  warehouse  cen- 
ters. Four  blocks  to  the  northeast  lies  the  great  retail  and  shopping  district. 
The  Board  of  Trade  building  is  directly  opposite  the  Atlantic  Hotel's  door; 
the  postofflce  is  three  blocks  distant;  five  of  the  principal  city  banks  are  inside 
the  same  area,  and  the  more  important  office  buildings  are  less  than  five  blocks 
away.  Rates,  $2.00  per  day.  Cummings  Bros.,  proprietors. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  353 

Auditorium  Hotel. — Situated  on  Michigan  avenue  and  Congress  street; 
occupies  entire  eastern  half  of  the  great  Auditorium  structure,  "it  is  under 
the  management  of  the  Auditorium  Hotel  Company,  J.  H.  Bresliu,  of  New 
York,  president;  R.  H.  Southgate,  vice-president  and  manager.  Take 
Wabash  avenue  cable  line  to  Congress  street.  The  hotel  is  but  a  short  walk 
from  the  terminals  of  all  the  street  car  and  railroad  lines.  The  building 
which  it  occupies  is  the  grandest  on  the  continent,  and  was  prepared  to  meet 
the  requirements  of  a  great  high-class  hotel  without  regard  to  labor  or 
expense.  Every  one  of  the  400  guest  rooms  is  finely  furnished,  while  many 
are  beautifully  decorated.  The  furniture  of  this  palatial  hotel  is  in  keeping 
with  the  surroundings.  The  culinary  department  and  dining  room  (175  feet 
long)  being  located  at  the  top  of  the  structure,  the  hotel  is  entirely  free  from 
all  disagreeable  odors.  The  view  from  the  dining  room  during  meals  is 
superb.  [See  "Auditorium  Views."]  On  a  clear  day  the  shores  of  Wisconsin 
and  Michigan  are  distinctly  seen.  The  banquet  hall  is  without  a  peer  on  the 
continent.  The  rotunda  of  the  hotel  is  in  itself  worth  a  visit  from  strangers; 
supported  by  massive  marble  columns  and  decorated  in  the  highest  style  of 
art,  with  Mosaic  flooring,  rich  carvings  and  costly  fittings,  it  is  the  grandest 
hotel  office  in  the  world.  The  Auditorium  Hotel  is  the  most  fashionable  in 
Chicago,  and  many  of  the  most  exclusive  people  in  the  city  are  its  regular 
guests.  The  cuisine  is  pronounced  unsurpassable. 

The  banquet  hall  of  the  Auditorium  hotel  is  probably  the  most  magnifi- 
cent in  the  world. 

Briggs  House. — Located  on  Randolph  st.  and  Fifth  ave. ,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  popular  of  the  great  hotels  of  the  city.  Its  location  is  most  cen- 
tral, being  convenient  to  the  wholesale  as  well  as  the  retail  districts  of  the 
city,  the  Board  of  Trade  quarter,  etc.  The  hotel  is  a  stately  structure  and  is 
admirably  managed.  Rates  $2  and  upward.  Frank  Upman,  proprietor. 

Burke's  European  Hotel. — Located  on  the  south  side  of  Madison  between 
La  Salle  and  Clark  sts. ,  in  the  heart  of  the  business  center.  This  is  a  first- 
class  house  in  every  particular  and  is  conducted  to  meet  the  demands  of  the 
traveling  public.  The  great  "  Chicago  Oyster  House"  restaurant  is  run  in 
connection  with  it.  Room  and  board  separate.  Cl.  Brinkman,  proprietor. 

Clifton  House. — Located  on  Monroe  st.  and  Wabash  ave.,  convenient  to 
the  retail  center,  railroad  depots,  street  car  terminals,  etc.  A  family  and 
commercial  hotel  combined.  The  hotel  contains  two  hundred  handsomely 
furnished  rooms.  Rates  $2.50  to  $3  per  day.  Woodcock  &  Loring,  proprie- 
tors. 

Commercial  Hotel. — Located  on  the  cor.  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  sis.,  a  hotel 
for  the  accommodation  of  country  merchants  and  unpretentious  visitors. 
Well  managed  and  respectable.  Rates  $2  per  day  and  upward. 

Continental  Hotel. — Located  on  Wabash  ave.  and  Madison  st.,  in  the  busi- 
ness center.  Very  popular  with  country  shoppers  and  merchant  buyers. 
Rates  moderate.  Mrs.  Hannah  Collins,  proprietress. 

Oault  House. — Located  on  West  Madison  and  Clinton  sts.  The  leading 
hotel  of  the  West  Side.  Very  convenient  to  Union  depot.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  hotels  in  the  city.  It  is  managed  admirably  and  is  popular  with  trav- 
elers and  families.  Rates  $2  and  upward.  Rogers  &  Fall,  proprietors. 

Gore's  Hotel. — Located  at  266-274  8.  Clark  st.  Conducted  on  the  Ameri- 
can and  European  plans.  A  splendid  building,  handsomely  furnished  and 
centrally  located.  Stands  well.  Gore  &  Heffr on,  proprietors. 


354  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel. — Located  on  La  Salle,  Jackson  and  Clark  sts.  The 
Jackson  st.  front  almost  faces  the  Board  of  Trade.  The  Clark  st.  front 
faces  the  general  postoffice.  The  La  Salle  st.  front  faces  some  of  the  immense 
office  buildings  in  the  Board  of  Trade  center.  The  main  entrances  are  on 
La  Salle  and  Clark  sts.  The  ladies'  entrance  is  on  Jackson  st.  This  building 
was  scarcely  completed  in  1871  when  the  great  fire  swept  it  out  of  existence 
in  a  single  night,  although  its  construction  was  almost  wholly  of  iron,  stone 
and  glass.  It  was  immediately  rebuilt  and  opened  to  guests  in  June,  1873. 
Although  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  fine&t  hotels  in  the  world  when  com- 
pleted, it  has  undergone  many  improvements  since  then.  The  principal  inter- 
nal improvements  consist  of  the  introduction  of  a  second  passenger  elevator, 
of  the  Crane  hydraulic  pattern;  the  entirely  new  system  of  electric  lighting, 
operating  thirty  arc  and  nearly  two  thousand  incandescent  lamps;  the  thor- 
ough remodeling  and  refitting  of  the  public  closets  in  marble,  brass  and 
mahogany;  the  refitting  of  the  exchange  and  bar;  and  the  establishment  of 
the  Grand  Pacific  cafe  and  lunch  room.  During  1890  an  addition  of  100 
guest  rooms  was  made,  greatly  increasing  the  capacity  of  the  hotel,  which 
now  contains  over  900  rooms.  Besides  making  the  mentioned  improvements 
in  the  hotel,  its  proprietors  have  causel  the  guests'  parlors  and  chambers  to 
be  completely  renovated,  redecorated  and  refurnished,  and  the  Grand  Pacific 
Hotel  is  in  a  better  condition  than  ever  to  offer  every  luxury  and  comfort 
that  its  guests  may  require.  The  following  are  the  dimensions  of  the  hotel 
and  some  of  its  principal  rooms:  Grand  dining  hallrf  137x62  feet;  ladies' 
ordinary,  65x60  feet;  ladies'  parlors,  96x25  feet;  grand  corridor  and  prome- 
nade, 127x30  feet;  cafe  and  lunch  room,  137x56  feet;  rotunda  and  office, 
178x157  feet;  exchange  and  bar,  161x118  feet;  halls  (Jackson  and  Quincy 
sts.),  315x12  feet;  halls  (Clark  and  La  Salle  sts.),  176x12  feet.  The  total 
frontage  of.  the  Grand  Pacific  is  over  one  thousand  feet,  and  the  building 
covers  nearly  an  acre  and  a  half  of  ground.  The  building  contains  35,000 
square  feet  of  dimension  stone,  30,000  square  feet  of  rubble  stone,  7,500,000 
bricks,  8,500  yards  of  sand,  1,100  barrels  of  cement,  12,000  barrels  of  lime, 
12,000  cubic  feet  »f  limestone,  40,000  cubic  feet  of  sandstone,  596,000  square 
feet  of  pine  flooring,  52,000  square  feet  of  walnut  and  maple  flooring,  82,000 
linear  feet  of  door  and  window  casings,  237,000  square  feet  of  inside  blinds 
and  shutters,  1,035  windows,  1,188  doors,  269  bath  tubs  and  closets,  153,000 
yards  of  plastering,  225,000  square  feet  of  marble  tile  flooring,  7,500  square 
feet  of  slate  tile  flooring,  485  marble  mantles,  8,500  square  feet  of  polished 
plate  glass.  The  gas  fixtures  include  37, 145  feetof  gas-pipe,  532 chandeliers, 
employing  1,714  burners,  and  905  bracket  lights,  employing  1650  burners. 
There  are  31  electric  arc  lights  and  850  incandescent  lamps,  2,200  feet  of 
speaking  tubes,  28  mouth-pieces  49  miles  of  wire,  615  fire-alarm  bells  and 
9  annunciators,  containing  559  indicators.  There  are  sub-offices  and  separate 
annunciators  on  every  floor.  There  are  11,445  square  feet  of  sidewalk,  1,821 
square  feet  of  area  platforms  and  1,215  linear  feet  of  steps.  The  hotel  con- 
tains nearly  38,000  yards  of  carpet.  In,  round  numbers,  the  cost  of  the  build- 
ing may  be  placed  at  $1,400,000;  that  of  the  furniture,  $400,000,  and  the 
value  of  the  ground  (lease-hold)  $1,600,000.  The  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  is  con- 
venient to  every  railroad  office  in  the  city,  the  majority  of  which  are  clus- 
tered within  a  distance  of  a  block;  it  is  within  five  minutes' walk  of  every 
principal  bank,  the  insurance  district,  the  great  wholesale  district,  the  retail 
store  section,  and  is  no  more  than  half  a  block  from  every  large  grain  n^j 


TfiE   ENCYCLOPEDIA;  355 

commission  house  in  Chicago.  It  is  near  all  the  theatres  and  places  of 
amusement,  and  cars  leading  to  the  churches,  parks  and  boulevards  constantly 
pass  the  door.  Messrs.  Drake,  Parker  &  Co.  are  the  proprietors  and  mana- 
gers. 

Hotel  Brewort. — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Madison,  between  La  Salle 
and  Clark  sts.  This  is  one  of  the  best-known  hotels  in  the  city.  Recently 
greatly  enlarged.  It  is  popular  with  travelers  and  merchant-buyers,  being 
situated  close  to  the  wholesale  and  retail  districts.  Exclusively  European. 
George  N.  Hubbard,  proprietor. 

Hotel  Drexel. — Located  at  3956  Drexel  blvd.  (entrance  to  Washington 
Park).  A  family  hotel  of  high  standing.  Its  situation  is  healthful  and 
beautiful. 

Hotel  Grace. — Located  on  Clark  and  Jacksou  sts.,  opposite  the  post- 
office.  Conducted  on  the  European  plan.  A  splendidly  furnished,  high-class 
house.  Edward  Grace,  proprietor. 

Hotel  Wellington. — Located  on  Wabash  avenue  and  Jackson  street.  This 
hotel,  although  only  known  to  the  public  for  about  one  year  is  now  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  ultra  fashionable  hotels  of  .,the  city.  The  hotel  is  magnifi- 
cently arranged,  decorated  and  furnished  in  the  highest  style  of  art.  It  is 
conducted  on  the  European  plan,  for  the  very  highest  class  of  patrons,  those 
who  are  willing  to  pay  for  the  best  of  everything.  The  cuisine  is  pro- 
nounced unequaled  in  the  country.  Its  location  unsurpassed,  situated  at  the 
head  of  the  Grand  Boulevard  System,  still  within  four  to  six  blocks  of  the 
Postoffice,  Board  of  Trade,  wholesale  and  retail  center,  theaters,  etc.  The 
building  has  275  feet  of  south  and  west  frontage,  electric  lights,  steam  heat 
and  every  modern  improvement  throughout  the  house.  The  rates  at  this 
hotel  vary  from  $2.00  perday  upward.  Suites  with  baths  from  $3.50  upward. 
On  the  parlor  floor  great  attention  is  paid  to  fine  private  party  and  banquet 
rooms.  In  fact  every  accomomdation  for  guests  and  every  luxury  that  suggests 
itself  or  could  be  suggested  by  an  inquiry  into  the  management  of  the  best 
hotels  in  the  world,  has  been  adopted  here.  The  proprietors  are  the  Gage 
Hotel  Company,  with  Albert  S.  Gage,  as  president  and  general  manager. 

Hotel  Woodruff. — Located  on  Wabash  ave.  and  Twenty-first  st.  This  is 
a  first-class  and  almost  an  exclusive  family  hotel.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
aud  well  managed.  The  hotel  has  100  rooms.  Rates,  $3  to  $4  per  day.  J.  W. 
Boardman  &  Co.,  proprietors. 

Hyde  Park  Hotel. — Located  at  Lake  ave.  and  Fifty-first  st.  An  elegant 
family  hotel,  convenient  to  the  South  parks.  One  of  the  largest  hotels  in  the 
city.  C.  F.  Milligan  &  Co.,  proprietors. 

Leland  Hotel. — Located  on  the  corner  of  Michigan  blvd.  and  Jackson 
St.,  Lake  front,  facing  the  site  of  a  portion  of  the  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition. For  many  years  this  was  known  as  the  Gardner  House,  but  not  until 
its  name  and  management  were  changed  did  it  come  to  be  reckoned  among 
the  great  hotels  of  the  city.  Its  location  is  charming,  on  one  of  the  finest 
boulevards  in  the  city,  overlooking  the  majestic  Lake  Michigan  and  yet  being 
within  easy  access  of  the  entire  business  section,  the  railroad  depots,  street 
car  terminals,  retail  stores,  theatres,  etc.  Numerous  improvements  have  been 
made  both  in  the  interior  and  exterior  of  the  building  from  year  to  year,  and 
they  are  still  going  on.  An  immense  addition  to  the  structure  is  among  the 
latest  of  these.  The  sanitary  condition  of  the  hotel  has  received  the 


350  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

serious  attention  of  the  proprietor.  The  latest  and  best  methods  to 
insure  the  escape  of  all  gases  and  offensive  odors  have  been  adopted,  and 
the  sewerage  has  been  pronounced  perfect.  Recent  alterations  have  made  the 
house  more  beautiful  than  ever.  The  renovating  and  painting  have  been 
accomplished  by  experienced  and  competent  artisans ;  and  the  frescoing  of  all 
the  halls,  parlors  and  public  rooms  has  been  by  the  hand  or  under  the  eye  of 
the  famous  Almini.  The  cuisine  department  has  been  supplied  with  new  and 
improved  ranges  and  all  the  latest  and  best  utensils  to  insure  wholesome  and 
savory  food  of  every  kind.  The  dining  room  of  the  Leland  is  a  large,  well 
lighted,  handsome,  airy  room,  finished  in  the  latest  style.  In  the  hallway 
leading  to  the  dining  room,  between  the  hours  of  half  past  five  and  eight 
o'clock,  an  orchestra  of  six  pieces  is  stationed  to  render  music  during  dinner 
time.  This  is  a  feature  that  no  other  hotel  in  Chicago  has  for  the  enjoyment 
of  its  guests.  The  advantages  are  at  once  perceived  of  a  sojourn  at  a  hotel 
past  which  all  the  finest  turnouts  of  a  great  city  quietly  but  rapidly  drive. 
From  the  front  of  the  Leland  its  inmates  may,  without  the  slightest  inconven- 
ience or  undue  curiosity,  scan  during  every  fine  day  the  beauty  and  dress  of 
the  elite  of  Chicago,  as  well  as  their  attractive  carriages  and  equipages.  No 
watering  places  on  the  continent  offer  so  fine  a  point  to  study  the  exterior 
characteristics  of  the  distinguished  leading  citizens  of  a  population  of  much 
more  than  a  million,  as  do  the  balconies  and  windows  of  the  Lelaud  Hotel. 
No  noisy  procession,  street  cars,  market  wagon  or  peddler  is  allowed  on  this 
boulevard.  During  the  greater  part  of  every  fine  day,  beautiful  carriagesare 
moving  continuously,  but  when  the  hours  of  rest  approach,  the  avenue 
becomes  quiet,  and  so  remains  until  the  seekers  of  health,  pleasure  and 
recreation  turn  out  in  their  carriages  on  the  morrow.  The  Leland  has  supe- 
rior accommodations  for  families  and  gentlemen,  with  a  table  of  peculiar 
excellence.  Warren  F.  Leland,  proprietor. 

Since  the  above  was  prepared  the  Leland  Hotel  property  has  been  sold 
for  $1,025,000.  A  company  headed  by  A.  J.  Cooper  leased  the  land  and 
bought  the  building  and  furniture  for  $400, 0(0.  The  company,  composed  of 
local  capitalists  is  known  as  the  Grand  View  Hotel  Company.  The  purchas- 
ers of  the  fee  are  Boston  men.  There  will  be  expended  $100,000  in  improve- 
ments by  adding  two  stories,  which  will  give  an  addition  of  150  rooms.  The 
basement  will  be  fitted  up  as  a  Russian  and  Turkish  bath  establishment. 

McCoy's  European  Hotel. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Van  Buren 
sts.  A  first  class  hotel  conducted  on  the  European  plan.  William  McCoy, 
owner  and  manager. 

Palmer  House. — Located  on  the  southeast  corner  of  State  and  Monroe  sts. ,  in 
the  heart  of  the  city,  with  a  frontage  on  State  St..  Monroe  st.  and  Wabash  ave. 
Main  entrance  on  State  St.;  ladies'  entrance  on  Monroe  st.  The  building  occu- 
pies about  one-half  of  the  entire  block.  Itcovers  an  area  of  76,550  square  feet;  is 
niue  stories  in  height,  has  708  rooms  and  accommodates  usually  from  1,000  to 
2, 400  guests  The  grand  rotunda  of  the  hotel  is  64  feet  wide,  106  feet  long  and 
36  feet  in  height.  The  dining  room  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  in  Chicago.  The 
parlors  and  waiting  rooms  are  superbly  furnished.  The  entire  furnishings 
and  fittings  of  the  house  are  of  the  first  order.  The  Palmer  House  is  itself 
one  of  the  most  imposing  and  beautiful  structures  in  the  city.  It  is  a  popular 
hotel  for  commercial  people,  and  its  rotunda  most  of  the  time  day  and  night 
is  a  sort  of  a  rendezvous  for  the  merchants  of  Chicago  or  their  representatives 
and  visiting  buyers.  The  Palmer  House  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company."] 
ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING,  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

[Specimen  Engraving  from  Flinn's  "  Hand-Book  of  The  World's  Columbian  Exposition."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  357 

The  charges  are  regulated  entirely  by  the  accommodations  required.  Mr. 
Putter  Palmer  is  the  sole  proprietor  and  manager.  This  magnificent  hotel 
was  destroyed  by  fire  before  being  completed  in  1871.  Hardly  had  the  debris 
cooled  off,  however,  ere  Mr.  Palmer  began  the  work  of  excavation  for  the 
new  structure.  A  great  part  of  the  time  during  the  rebuilding  operation 
workmen  were  employed  day  and  night,  immense  calcium  lights  being  used 
after  the  sun  went  down.  The  new  Palmer  House  was  opened  in  the  year 
1873. 

Richelieu  Hotel. — Located  on  Michigan  avenue  boulevard  between  Jackson 
and  Van  Buren  streets.  A  hotel  conducted  upon  the  European  plan,  and  is 
strictly  first-class  in  every  respect;  has  a  large 'patronage  from  European 
travelers.  It  is  elegantly  furnished  and  has  more  the  appearance  of  an  elegant 
home  than  an  hotel.  Its  cuisine  is  the  first  and  only  example  of  high-class 
French  cooking  in  a  Chicago  hotel.  It  has  a  world-wide  reputation  for  having 
the  largest  and  finest  assortment  of  choice  .wines  ever  owned  by  any  similar 
establishment  in  this  country. 

Saratoga  Hotel. — Located  at  155,  157, 159 and  161  Dearborn  St.,  in  theheart 
of  the  business  section.  This  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  "  European  plan,"  that 
is,  guests  pay  only  for  rooms  they  occupy  and  such  meals  as  they  may  require, 
or  may  take  their  meals  else  where.  Rates  75  cents  per  day  and  upward.  The 
house  has  200  rooms,  newly  furnished,  with  hot  and  cold  running  water  and 
steam  heat  in  every  room  furnished  free.  Rooms  with  baths  and  parlors 
attached  on  every  floor.  Office  on  ground  floor, with  elevator.electric lights  and 
all  modern  improvements.  The  Saratoga  Restaurant  is  run  in  connection  with 
the  hotel  and  under  the  same  management.  The  restaurant  has  been  thor- 
oughly renovated  and  furnished  new  throughout,  and  is  conducted  in  first- 
class  manner  at  popular  prices. 

Sherman  House. — Located  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Clark  and  Randolph 
sts.,  opposite  the  north  entrance  to  the  Court  House.  This  is  a  landmark  and 
one  of  the  historic  structures  of  the  city,  marking  as  it  does  a  site  which  hae 
been  familiar  to  Chicagoans  from  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  place.  One 
of  the  firgt  mayors  of  the  city  had  his  blacksmith  shop  here,  and  the  origi- 
nal Sherman  House  was  erected  on  the  spot  by  Francis  C.  Sherman,  who  after- 
ward became  twice  mayor  of  the  city.  This  was  an  humble  building.  Mr. 
Sherman  very  considerably  enlarged,  remodeled  and  improved  it  in  1861,  and 
up  to  the  time  of  the  great  fire  of  1871  it  was  the  most  pretentious  hotel  in 
the  city.  It  fell  before  the  enemy  on  the  night  of  October  8,  1871,  but  was 
soon  rebuilt  as  it  stands  to-day.  The  hotel  takes  its  name  from  Mayor  Sher- 
man and  not  from  the  famous  Union  general,  as  many  in  these  days  suppose. 
The  present  proprietor,  Mr.  J.  Irving  Pearce,  upon  taking  the  house,  refur- 
nished it  throughout.  "  Long"  John  Wentworth  made  it  his  home  during 
the  latter  portion  of  his  life,  and  his  massive  form  was  a  familiar  figure  in 
the  rotunda  and  corridors  of  the  building.  The  public  rooms  and  bedrooms 
of  the  structure  have  been  completely  remodeled  during  the  past  three  years, 
making  the  house  one  of  the  most  modern  and  elaborate  in  the  country.  It 
is  a  first-class  hotel,  strictly  fire-proof,  well  managed,  and  conducted  with  the 
view  of  making  its  guests  comfortable  at  any  expense.  The  bed  rooms  are 
the  largest  and  best  furnished  in  the  world,  and  the  table  is  acknowledged 
superior  to  any  other. 


358  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Southern  Hotel. — Located  on  Wabashave.  and  Twenty-second  st.  A  first- 
class  family  hotel,  well  furnished  and  equipped.  E.  A.  Bacheldor,  proprie- 
tor. 

Tremont  House. — This  is  one  of  the  first  hotels  rebuilt  after  the  '71  fire, 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  very  best.  The  location,  on  the  corner  of  Dear- 
born and  Lake,  only  three  blocks  from  Illinois  Central,  Michigan  Central, 
Vandalia,  Burlington  &  Quincy  depots.  The  hotel  contains  250  rooms  ;  100 
of  them  are  furnished  with  porcelain  bath  tubs  and  sanitary  water  closets. 
The  rooms  are  all  handsomely  furnished,  and  every  modern  convenience  and 
every  luxury  known  to  hotel  management  has  been  introduced.  Proprietors, 
Alvin  Hulbert  &  W.  S.  Eden. 

Victoria  Hotel. — Location,  Michigan  avenue  and  Van  Buren  street,  over- 
looking  the  beautiful  lake  front.  A  first-class  hotel,  thoroughly  equipped 
with  all  modern  improvements.  Two  hundred  and  sixty  guest  chambers. 
J.  M.  Lee,  proprietor;  E.  A.  Whipple,  associate  manager. 

Virginia  Hotel. — Located  at  78  Rush  St.,  North  Side.  One  of  the  largest 
and  most  beautiful  private  and  family  hotels  in  the  world.  The  building  is 
a  splendid  specimen  of  modern  hotel  architecture.  This  is  a  high-class  house 
in  every  sense. 

Other  Hotels. — Other  hotels  from  which  the  visitor  may  make  a  selection 
are  as  follows.  The  locations  given  will  be  the  best  guide  in  many  respects 
for  the  stranger.  Those  in  or  near  the  center  of  the  city  are  most  convenient; 
those  situated  farther  out  are  generally  more  pleasant  for  persons  seeking 
quiet.  ADAMS  HOCSE,  4703  State;  ALBEMARLE  HOUSE,  262  to  266  State; 
ALLEN  HOUSE.  4137  H -listed,  Union  Stock  Yards;  ALMA  EUROPEAN  HOTEL, 
109  State;  ALVORD  HOUSE,  Oakwood  blvd.,  nw.  cor.  Cottage  Grove; 
AMERICAN  HOTEL,  120  Kinzie;  AMERICAN  HOUSE,  M.  C.  Coulon,  prop., 
113  S.  Canal;  ANNA  HOUSE.  Delmon  W.  Norton,  prop.,  102-104  N. 
Clark;  ARCADE  HOTEL,  164  Clark;  ARLINGTON  HOUSE,  34-36  W.  Madison; 
AUSTRIAN  HOUSE,  Mrs.  Julia  Jackson,  prop.,  117  Franklin;  BALDWIN  EURO- 
PEAN HOTEL,  74  Van  Buren;  BARNES  HOUSE,  B.  L.  Newman,  prop.,  36  W. 
Randolph;  BARTL  HOTEL,  John  Bartl,  prop.,  355  State;  BELVIDERE  HOUSE, 
Henry  Walt,  prop.,  47  State;  BENNETT  HOUSE,  Mrs.  E.  S.  Bennett,  prop.,  73 
Monroe;  BOULEVARD  HOUSE,  Mrs.  Sarah  Ehlem,  prop.,  328  Washington  blvd.; 
BOYLE'S  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Bella  Boyle,  prop.,  State,  nw.  cor.  Forty-fifth; 
BRIGHTON  HOUSE,  Sidney  W.  Yetter,  prop.,  S.  Western  ave.,  se.  cor.  Archer 
ave.;  BKOWN'M  HOTEL,  Thomas  S.  Brown,  prop.,  68  Van  Buren,  BURLINGTON 
HOUSE,  Levi  Pritchard,  prop.,  680  S.  Canal;  BURTON  HOUSE,  4119  Halsted; 
BUTCHER'S  HOTEL,  Archibald  Murphy,  prop.,  Looinh,  sw.  cor.  Forty-fifth; 
CALUMET  HOUSE.  Joseph  Brown,  prop.,  9001  Ontario  ave.  (S.  C.);  CARELTON 
HOUSE,  Mrs.  M.  Harrison,  prop.,  78  Adams;  CENTRAL  EUROPEAN  HOTEL, 
Jacob  Pirrung,  prop.,  13  S.  Water;  CENTRAL  HOTEL,  Geo.  A.  Neeb,  prop., 
S.  Chicago  ave.,  nw.  cor.  Seventy  fifth.  (H.  P.);  CENTRAL  HOUSE,  Theo.  and 
Ruth  R.  Nelson,  props.,  250-258  State; CHICAGO  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  156  Clark; 
CHOATE  HOUSE,  W.  H.  J.  Dougherty,  prop.,  268  State,  CITY  HOTEL,  W.  F. 
Orcutt,  prop.,  State,  se.  cor.  Sixteenth;  CLARENDON  HOUSE,  E.  Philbrick  & 
Son,  prop.,  152  N.  Clark; COLORADO  HOUSE,  123 S.  Canal;  COLUMBADE HOTEL, 
256  Michigan  ave.;  COLUMBIA  HOTEL,  J.  D.  Palmer,  prop.,  State,  nw.  cor. 
Thirty-first. ;  COMMERCIAL  HOTEL,  243  Sixty-third  (L );  COMMERCIAL  HOTEL, 
A.  Burkli;prop.,  9440  Commercial  ave.  (S.  C.);  CONROY'S  HOTEL,  407  State; 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  359 

I 

CONTINENTAL,  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Hannab  Collins,  prop.,  Wabashave.,  se.  cor. Madi- 
son; COSMOPOLITAN  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  B.  L.  Newman,  prop.,  307  Clark; 
COURT  HOTEL,  487  State  st. ;  CRESCENT  HOTEL,  E.  Fuller,  proprietor,  347 
Fifth  ave.;  CULLEN  HOUSE,  191  W.  Madison  st.;  DAMON  HOTEL,  51  Clark 
st.;  DANNEVIRKE  HOTEL,  219  Milwaukee  ave.;  DAVENPORT  HOUSE,  A.  P. 
Russell,  proprietor,  180  N.  Clark  st.;  DAVIES  HOUSE,  Robert  C.  Davies,  pro- 
prietor, e.  of  Torrence  ave.,  5th  w.  of  106th  st.  (Cummings);  DEBUS  HOUSE, 
Moses  Masser,  proprietor,  341  Clark  st.;  DELMONICO  HOTEL,  9347  Commer- 
cial ave. ;  DEMING  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  F.  A.  Smith,  proprietor,  136  to  138 
Madison  st. ;  DEPOT  HOUSE,  119  S.  Canal  st. ;  DORLEY,  THOMAS  J.,  45  Michi- 
gan ave.;  DOUGLAS  HOUSE,  Thomas  Dickenson  &  Son,  proprietors,  3500  Cot- 
tage Grove  ave.;  DOWLING  HOUSE,  137  S.  Canal  st. ;  EMPIRE  HOUSE,  4141  S. 
Halstedst.;  ENGLEWOOD  HOUSE,  315  Sixty-third  st.  (Englewood);  EUREKA 
HOUSE,  75  Jackson  st. ;  EWING  HOUSE,  Ewing  ave.,  corner  100th  st.  (South 
Chicago);  EXCHANGE  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Harriet  Butler,  proprietor,  7325  South 
Chicago  ave.  (S.  C.);  EXETER  HOUSE,  J.  H.  Hicks,  proprietor,  146  Madison 
st.;  FARWELL  HOUSE,  Thomas  Dakin,  proprietor,  S.  Halsted,  near  cor. 
Jackson  st.;  FLINT'S  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  80  Van  Buren  st.;  GAINES  HOUSE, 
Thomas  Gaines,  proprietor,  180  N.  Clark  st. ;  GARDEN  CITY  HOTEL,  46  to  48 
Sherman  st. ;  GARDEN  CITY  HOUSE,  A.  Stierlin,  proprietor,  101  to  105  N. 
Weils  st. ;  GARDEN  HOTEL,  Marion  Radetzky,  proprietor,  312  State  st.;  GER- 
MANIA-  HOUSE,  August  Mascher,  proprietor,  180  to  182  Randolph  st. ;  GILE, 
JOHN  F.,  995  W.  Madison  st.;  GLADSTONE  HOTEL,  3035  Michigan  ave.; 
GOLDEN  STAR  HOUSE,  Charles  Wegman,  proprietor,  203  Plymouth  place; 
GOLDSTON'S  HOTEL,  S.  Goldston,  proprietor,  286  Wabash  ave.;  GRAND 
HOTEL,  Peter  Portlend,  proprietor,  127  N.  Clark  st.;  GRAND  HOTEL,  Richard 
Jaap,  proprietor,  230  State  st.;  GRAND  PALACE  HOTEL,  C.  T.  Newberry,  pro- 
prietor, 103  N.  Clark  st. ;  GREENWOOD  AVENUE  HOTEL,  Greenwood  are.,  S. 
Seventy-sixth  st.  (H.  P.);  HAGEMANN'S  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Louise  Hagemann,  pro- 
prietor, 147  Randolph  st.;  HAMBURG  HOUSE,  86  Sherman  st.;  HAMBURG 
HOUSE,  M.  Marks,  proprietor,  186  Randolph  st. ;  HARRISON  HOTEL.  Thomas 
Kearney,  proprietor,  128  Harrison  st.;  HAYMARKET  HOTEL,  J.  M.  Getman, 
proprietor,  157  W.  Madisou  st.;  HOFFMAN  HOUSE,  170  Clark  st.;  HOTEL 
ALGER,  Fifty-first  st.,  e.  of  Trumbull  ave. ;  HOTEL  BOYD,  2010  to 2012  Wabash 
ave. ;  HOTEL  BRISTOL,  S.  S.  Buckley,  proprietor,  214  Thirty-first  st. ;  HOTEL 
BRUNSWICK,  H.  C.  Knill,  proprietor,  Michigan  ave.,  n.  w.  cor.  Adams; 
HOTEL  COLUMBIA,  15  N.  State  st. ;  HOTEL  CORTLAND,  R.  Evans,  proprietor, 
16-22  Adams  st. ;  HOTEL  CRYSTAL,  James  Hayward,  proprietor,  34  Washing- 
ton st.;  HOTJIL  DANMARK,  126  Kinzie  st.;  HOTEL  DAYTON,  Theodore  Nelson, 
proprietor,  74  N.  Clark  st. ;  HOTEL  DEARBORN,  Joseph  Pratt,  proprietor,  398- 
404  State  st.;  HOTEL  DELAVAN,  Mike  Teller,  proprietor,  143  N.Clark  st.; 
HOTEL  DIXON,  Malissa  Randolph,  proprietor,  310  State  St.;  HOTEL  EDWARDS, 
Charles  E.  Edwards,  proprietor,1  334  Washington  blvd.;  HOTEL  FARGO, 
Marion  Radetzky,  proprietor,  248  State  St.;  HOTEL  FLORENCE,  lllth  st.,  cor. 
Wall  ave.;  HOTEL  GLENARM,  167  Madison  st.;  HOTEL  HARVARD,  100  W. 
Madison  St.;  HOTEL  HENRICI,  Loewenthal  &  Buxbaum,  proprietors,  70-72 
Randolph  st.;  HOTEL  IRVINE,  Mrs.  R.  E.  Irvine,  proprietor,  71  Van  Buren 
st.;  HOTEL  KIRKWOOD,  69  Randolph  st.;  HOTEL  LAFAYETTE,  E.  S.  Pinney, 
proprietor,  111  W.  Madison  st. ;  HOTEL  LANGHAM,  Cleveland  &  Co.,  proprie- 
tor, 1840  Wabash  ave. ;  HOTEL  LE  GRAND,  Ferdinand  Wistawil,  proprietor, 
39-45  N.  Wells  St.;  HOTEL  LINCOLN,  Richard  Stafford,  proprietor,  70  Jack- 
son st.;  HOTEL  MECHANICS  HALL,  The  Strand,  s.  of  133d  st.  (Heg.);  HOTEL 


360  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

MIDLAND,  F.  H.  Thompson,  proprietor,  135  Adams  St.;  HOTEL  MILAN,  Peter 
M.  Lauphier,  proprietor,  153  S.  Halsted  St.;  HOTEL  NICOLLET,  Henry  B. 
Upman,  proprietor,  se.  cor.  Randolph  st.  and  Fifth  ave.;  HOTEL  OBIENT, 
693  S.  Halsted  st. ;  HOTEL  RICHLAND,  168  Clark  st. ;  HOTEL  RICHMOND,  B.  F. 
Bruce,  Jr.,  proprietor,  State  st.,  nw.  cor.  Van  Buren  st.;  HOTEL  ROYAL,  1714 
Indiana  ave. ;  HOTEL  ST.  BENEDICT,  Chicago  ave.,nw.  cor.  Cass  st.;  HOTEL 
SVEA,  131  Chicago  ave.;  HOTEL  VENDOME,  Fleming  J.  Hiding,  proprietor, 
North  Park  ave.,  nw.  cor.  Centre  ave.;  HOTEL  WISCONSIN,  22  Wisconson  st. ; 
HOTEL  WORTH,  Will  H.  Worth,  proprietor,  435  Washington  blvd.;  HUM- 
BOLDT  PARK  HOUSE,  W.  North  ave.,  se.  cor.  N.  California  ave.:  INTERNA- 
TIONAL HOTEL,  167  Harrison  st.;  JEFFERSON'S  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  145  S. 
Canal  st. ;  JULIAN  HOTEL,  cor.  Sixty-third  st.  and  Stewart  ave.;  KELLER 
HOUSE,  Mrs.  Rosa  Keller,  proprietor,  125  W.  Madison  st.;  KEMP  HOUSF.  W. 
Kemp,  proprietor,  Seventy-sixth  St.,  e.  of  Woodlawn  ave.  (H.  P.);  KUHN'S 
HOTEL,  165  Clark  st.;  LAKESIDE  HOTEL,  3619  Lake  ave.;  LA  PIERRE  HOUSE, 
J.  H.  Jett,  proprietor,  181  Washington  blvd. ;  LA  SALLE  HOUSE,  Mrs.  Frank 
Leland,  proprietor,  47  La  Salle;  LOGAN  SQUARE  HOTEL,  William  F.  Gaines, 
proprietor,  480  N.  Kedzie  ave. ;  MACKINAC  HOUSE,  Mackinac  Hotel  Company, 
proprietor,  326-332  State;  MASSASOIT  HOUSE,  Conrad  F.  Pirring,  proprietor, 
Central  ave.,  sw.  cor.  S.  Water;  MATHER  HOUSE,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Simpson,  pro- 
prietor, 362^  Wabash  ave.;  MAT'S  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  A.  May,  pro- 
prietor, 421  Clark;  McEwAN's  TEMPERANCE  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,-  Peter 
McEwan,  proprietor,  91  W.  Madison;  MERCHANTS'  EXCHANGE  HOTEL, 
Philip  Dieter,  proprietor,  12  S.  Water;  METROPOLITAN  HOTEL,  Stern- 
berg  &  Co.,  26  N.  Wells;  MYERS  HOUSE,  Joseph  Freund,  proprietor, 
14-16  Bishop  ct.;  MICHIGAN  HOTEL,  Wni.  E.  .Burns,  proprietor,  346 
State;  MINNESOTA  HOUSE,  97  S.  Canal  st. ;  MUSKEGON  HOUSE,  Jacob 
Grabenstein,  proprietor,  21  Michigan  ave.;  NATIONAL  HOTEL,  D.  A. 
Dooley,  proprietor,  230  State  st. ;  NEW  ENGLAND  HOTEL,  129  S. 
Canal;  NORTH  CITY  HOTEL,  89  N.  Wells;  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  HOTEL, 
62  Sherman;  NORWOOD  HOUSE,  91  S.  Desplaines;  OAKLAND  HOTEL.  Haw- 
kins &  Sanford,  proprietors,  Drexel  blvd.,  se.  cor.  Oakwood;  OGDEIT 
HOUSB,  John  Henderson,  proprietor.  100  Franklin  st. ;  OLD  METROPOLITAN 
HOTEL,  Nicholas  Yack,  proprietor,  192-196  Randolph;  OXFORD,  THE,  Mat- 
thew J.  Henderson,  proprietor,  159  S.  Canal;  PANORAMA  HOTEL,  Victor 
Johnson,  proprietor,  49  Hubbard  ct. ;  PARK  HOTEL,  W.  W.  Townsend,  proprie- 
tor, Milwaukee  ave.,  Jefferson  Park;  PARK  VIEW  HOUSE,  Charles  H.  West, 
proprietor,  310  Michigan  ave. ;  PAXTON  HOUSE,  Geo.  H.  Richardson,  proprie- 
tor, 2458  State;  PEOPLE'S  HOTEL,  Malissa  Randolph,  proprietor,  368-370 
State;  PHOENIX  Hotel,  Gust.  Burdick,  proprietor,  77  S.  Canal;  PUTNAM'S 
HOTEL,  163  Adams;  RANDOLPH  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  Mrs.  M.  Duffy,  proprietor, 
102  Randolph;  RAUSLEY  HOUSE,  Joseph  Rausley,  proprietor,  499  State; 
REAPER  HOUSE,  Liberal  Darner,  proprietor,  1185  Blue  Island  ave.;  RIVER- 
DALE  HOTEL,  Charles  Michaels,  proprietor,  Indiana  ave.,s.  of  134th  st.,  River- 
dale;  ROCK  ISLAND  HOUSE, 50  Sherman;  RODGERS  HOTEL,  T.  J.  Rodgers, 
proprietor,  4^09-4211  W.  Lake;  ROSE  HOTEL,  365  Wabash  ave.;  ROYAL 
.tiuROP ICAN  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Jessie  Brown,  proprietor,  37  Adams;  ROY'S  HOUSE, 
John  H.McCormick,  proprietor,  S.  Chicago  ave..  s.  133d,  Hed.;  SCANDI- 
NAVIAN HOTHT^  87  Towusend;  SCIIAEKER'S  HOTEL,  August  Schaefer,  pio- 
frietor,  f6-e-967  N.  Clark;  SHARPSHOOTKR'S  PARK  HOTEL,  Henry  Neben, 
1  ropnetor  Jeffeisoii,  near  118th;  JSnt-LBURNE  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Mary  Benson,  pro- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  361 

prietor,  306  Chicago  ave. ;  SOUTH  CHICAGO  HOTEL,  Joha  L.  Craw.'ord,  pro 
prietor,  Ninety-second,  near  Commercial  av. ;  SOUTH  SIDE  MADISONHOUSE,  164 
Madison;  STAFFORD'S  EUROPEAN  .HOTEL,  131  Van  Buren;  ST.  BERNARD 
HOTEL,  10  Madison;  ST.  CAROLINE'S  COURT  HOTEL,  18  Elizabeth;  ST. 
CHARLES,  15  Clark;  ST.  CLOUD  HOUSE',  201  W.  Randolph;  ST.  JAMES 
HOTEL,  Charles  Wittingham,  proprietor,  36  S.  Halsted;  ST.  NICHOLAS 
HOTEL,  Orsemus  Van  Der  Vort,  proprietor,  200  Washington;  SUNNYSIDE 
HOTEL,  Daniel  Browning,  proprietor,  Clark,  se.  cor.  Sunnyside  ave.;  SVEA 
HOTEL,  O.  H.  Ahlgren,  proprietor,  11  Milton  ave.;  TRANSIT  HOUSE,  L. 
Everett  Howard,  manager  Union  Stock  Yards;  UNION  EXCHANGE  HOTEL, 
115  S.  Canal  St.;  UNION  PARK  HOTEL,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Carey,  proprietor,  521  W. 
Madison;  VAN  NESS  HOUSE,  224  Clark;  WALHALLA  HOTEL,  A.  Doemling, 
proprietor,  115th,  cor.  Mountain;  WALTERS'  HOTEL,  John  Walters,  proprie- 
tor, Anthony  ave.,  cor  Ninty-fourth  (S.  C.);  WASHINGTON  HOTEL,  17  W. 
Madison;  WAUKEGAN  HOUSE,  183  W.  Lake;  WAVERLY  HOTEL,  John 
Laurie,  proprietor,  130  Lake;  WAVERLY  HOUSE,  63  W.  Lake;  WAYNE 
HOTEL,  97  Michigan;  WELLS  ST.  HOUSE,  Mrs.  Louisa  Weser,  proprietor,  95 
N.  Wells;  WEST  END  HOTEL,  A.  F.  Doremus,  proprietor,  503  W.  Madison; 
WEST  SIDE  COMMERCIAL  HOTEL,  116  W.  Madison;  WESTMINSTER  HOTEL, 
Cole  &  Horaan,  proprietors,  462  N.  "Clark;  WHEELING  HOUSE,  Joseph  Teu- 
fel,  proprietor,  82-84  W.  Lake;  WINDSOR  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  Samuel  Greg- 
steu,  proprietor,  145-153  Dearborn;  WITBECK  HOTEL,  Mrs.  Geo.  Witbeck,  pro- 
prietor, 74  Adams;  WYNDHAM  HOTEL,  2934  Prairie  ave. 

INEBRIATE  ASYLUMS. 

The  institutions  of  the  city  which  receive  and  treat  patients  suffering 
from  alcoholism  are:  Alexian  Brothers'  Hospital,  539-569  N.  Market  st.  (take 
N.  Market  st.  car);  Dr.  Chas.  W.  Earle's  private  sanitarium,  533  Washington 
blvd.  (take  Madison  st.  cable  line);  Martha  Washington  Home  (for  female 
exclusively),  Graceland  and  Western  aves. ,  Cuyler  station,  near  Ravenswood 
(take  train  at  Wells  st.  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.);  Mercy  Hospital,  con- 
ducted by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  Calumet  ave.  and  Twenty-sixth  st.  (take  Cot- 
tage Grove  ave.  cable  line);  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  conducted  by  the  Sisters 
of  Charity,  Garfield  ave.  and  Burling  st.,  nearN.  Halsted  st.  (take  Garneld 
ave.  or  N.  Halsted  st.  car),  and  the  Washingtonian  Home,  W.  Madison  st. 
and  Ogden  ave.  (take  Madison  st.  cable  line).  Of  these  institutions,  hospital 
treatment  only  is  afforded  by  all  excepting  the  Martha  Washington  and 
Washingtonian  Homes.  The  latter  are  reformatory  institutions,  and,  when 
their  rules  are  strictly  enforced,  do  not  accept  patients  merely  for  physical 
treatment.  [See  also  "  Keeley  Institute,  The,"  separate  department  of  this 
volume. 

Martha  Washington  Home.—  Established  by  the  Washin°-touian  Home 
Association  in  1881,  as  an  auxiliary  of  the  Washingtoniau  Home  where 
females  addicted  to  alcoholism  might  receive  and  be  benefited  by  the  same 
treatment  as  that  which  males  were  receiving  in  the  parent  institution.  The 
home  is  located  in  the  country,  about  one  mile  west  of  Cuyler  station  on 
the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railroad,  or,  properly  speaking,  on  the  corner 
of  Graceland  and  Western  aves.  This  institution  is  in  charge  of  Mary  F 
Felt,  matron,  under  direction  of  a  committee  of  admission  and  discharge, 


3CJi  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

consisting  of  three  members  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Washing- 
Ionian  Home  Association.     The  ladies'.commiltee  is  composed  of  Mrs  Geu. 
Sherwood,  Mrs.  B.  A.  Miller,  Mrs.  Thomas  Moulding,  Mrs.  Dr.  C.  W.Earle. 
Mrs.  Dr.  H.  M.  Lyman  and  Mrs.  James  Frake.    All  applications  for  admis- 
sion must  be  made  to  the  committee  of  admission,  excepting  under  certain 
circumstances,  when  the  matron  may  admit  applicants  pending  a  meeting  of 
the  committee.    Persons  having  a  permanent  home"  within  Cook  county, 
whose  circumstances  render  it  imperatively  necessary,  are  admitted  free,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  committee  on  admission;  but  all  other  persons  are 
charged  for  their  board  and  rooms  at  such  rate  per  week  as  may  be  determined 
from  time  to  time  hy  the  executive  committee.     Persons  able  to  pay  are  not 
admitted  for  a  less  sum  than  $10  per  week.    No  person  is  admitted  for  a  less 
period  than  four  weeks.    All  persons,  on  becoming  inmates,  bind  themselves 
to  observe  and  obey  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  internal  affairs 
of  the  institution  and  perform  any  manual  labor  assigned  them.     Any  delib- 
erate violation  of    them  will    be    considered    good    cause    for    discharge. 
Applications  for  admission  can  be  addressed  to  the  matron,  Ravenswood, 
fcCook  county,  Illinois,  or  to  any  member  of  the  committee  on  admission, 
Chicago.    If  application  is  made  by  letter,  full  statement  should  be  given 
of  the  case,  the  state  of  general  health  and  the  duration  of   the  habit. 
The  inmates  of  the  Home  January  1,  1891,  numbered  17;  there  were  admitted 
during  1891  102  inmates;  discharged  during  the  year,  110,  leaving  9  in  the 
Home  on  January  1,  1892.     The  treatment  received  at  the  Home  is  excellent, 
both  as  regards  its  medical  and  moral  aspects,  and  the  committee  in  charge 
claims  that  a  very  large  percentage  of  those  who  pass  through  the  institution 
are  permanently  reformed. 

Keeley  Institute,  The.— See  "  Keeley  Institute.  The,"  separate  department 
of  this  volume. 

Washingtonian  Home. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Madison  st.  and  Ogden 
ave.,  West  Side.  Superintendent,  Daniel  Wilkins,  A.  M.;  matron,  Mrs. 
Daniel  Wilkins;  physician  in  charge,  Addison  H.  Foster,  M.  D  ;  resi- 
dent physician,  Dr.  Forest  Smith;  consulting  physician,  Dr.  Norman 
Bridge;  consulting  surgeon,  Dr.  D.  W.  Graham;  consulting  physician 
for  the  insane,  Dr.  D.  R.  Brower;  consulting  aurist  and  occulist,  Dr. 
W.  T.  Montgomery;  physician  Martha  Washington  Home,  Dr.  W.  Good- 
smith.  Conducted  by  The  Washingtonian  Home  Association.  Officers: 
President,  C.  H.  Case;  vice-president,  James  Frake;  secretarj^.H.  H.  Aldrich; 
assistant  secretary,  L.  P.  Richardson;  treasurer,  George  Sherwood.  The 
Washingtonian  Home  was  established  in  1863,  through  the  instrumentality  of 
a  few  gentlemen,  notably  Rolla  A.  Law  and  A.  A.  Cowdery,  members  of  the 
order  of  Good  Templars. 

Superintendent  Wilkins  has  been  in  charge  of  the  reformatory  work  of 
the  Home  since  1875.  In  his  last  report  to  the  board  of  managers  he  said, 
among  other  things: 

"During  the  twenty-seven  years  since  October.  1868. 13.C09  patients  have  been 
treated  in  the  \Vashintrtonian  Home.  Seven  thousand  of  them  were  married  and  rep- 
resented as  many  homes,  and  admitting:  that  each  family  numb.-red  four  besides  the 
father,  here  are  28,000  mothers  and  children  made  happy  and  cared  for,  for  a  longer 
or  shoner  period.  During  these  years  from  one  to  six  wive^,  separated  from  their 
husban  Is,  have  been  re-united  ;  and  assuming  an  average  of  two  a  week  2,Tt'0  families 
have  been  re-construrted,and  the  wives  and  children  cheered  with  a  happy  home,  and 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  363 

very  many  of  them  made  happy  for  life  and  the  rest  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time.  Six 
tlious  mil  sinvfie  men  have  been  returned  to  their  homes  also  to  console  the  hearts  of 
msjth  -re,  sisters,  fathers,  brothers  and  friends.  Who  can  tell  the  vast  numbers  that, 
through  (lie  examples  and  efforts  of  our  graduates,  have  been  and  willbe  won  into  the 
ranks  of  total  abstainers  nnd  become  a  blessing  to  the  world  ?  In  view  of  these  facts 
an  i  results,  has  >he  Washingtonian  Home  paid?  Where  on  the  pages  of  history  can 
y<m  find  an  institution  with  such  a  record,  or  that  has  accomplished  so  ranch  good  in 
so  little  time  and  with  so  little  money,  as  the  one  you  represent  to-night?  God  is 
with  you.  and  he  will  bless  you  in  saving  yet  the  thousands  who  are  not  able  to  save 
themselves.  For  this  work  is  His  work  and  it  can  not  fail." 

During  1891  there  were  treated  in  this  hospital,  by  months,  the  following 
number  of  patients:  January,  105;  February,  83;  March,  113;  April,  135; 
May,  119;  June,  121;  July,  131;  August,  114;  September,  108;  October,  91; 
November,  100;  December,  9;  total,  1,311.  The  conditions  of  these  patients 
from  the  use  of  alcohol  or  drugs,  or  from  the  use  of  both,  were  as  follows: 
Mild  alcoholism,  852;  persistent  alcoholism,  281;  delirium  tremens,  139; 
morphia,  hypodermically,  3;  morphia  eaters,  7;  opium  smokers,  1;  tincture 
opium,  1;  insane,  5;  received  dying,  3;  deaths,  7;  total,  1,311.  The  work  of  hos- 
pital was  much  the  same  in  character  and  extent  as  for  the  previous  three  years, 
although  the  number  was  about  one  hundred  less  than  for  1890.  The  number 
of  cases  of  delirium  tremens  was  larger  than  ever  before,  and  the  number  of 
violent  cases  (36)  was  very  large;  which,  together  with  many  critical  cases 
with  dangerous  complications,  sent  monthly  by  the  city  physician,  demanded 
the  untiring  attention  and  judicious  management  of  the  hospital  steward, 
which  he  most  cheerfully  and  satisfactorily  gives  to  every  one  coming 
under  his  watch  and  care.  Persons  seeking  admission  for  the  first  time,  if 
residents  of  Cook  County,  are  never  rejected.  After  the  first  time  they  can 
only  be  admitted  by  the  committee  on  admission  and  discharge.  Persons  able 
to  pay  are  charged  $10  to  $15  forthe  first  week,  which  includeshospitalattend- 
ance,  and  from  $5  to  $20  fxr  board  in  the  Home  proper,  according  to  the 
location  and  character  of  rooms  dtsirtd.  There  is  a  common  dining  room. 
The  average  patient  is  confined  in  lhf>  hospital  seventy-two  hours;  to  the 
building  two  weeks,  and  is  expected  to  board  in  the  institution  two  weeks 
longer,  making  his  stay  four  weeks  in  all.  The  Home  is  a  strictly  non-sec- 
tarian institution  and  no  religious  or  political  discussion  among  the  inmates 
is  permitted.  The  hour  of  rising  is  5:30  A.  M.  ,  during  all  tl  e  year  around 
excepting  Sundays,  a  half  hour  later;  hour  of  retiring,  10  r.  M. ;  morning 
prayers  in  the  chapel  6  A.  M.  ,  during  all  the  year  around,  excepting  Sundays, 
a  half-hour  later;  experience  meetings  Sunday  evenings;  visiting  days  Tues- 
days and  Fridays.  A  course  of  lectures  is  delivered  by  Prof.  Wilkins  to  the 
inmates  on  the  effects  of  alcohol  on  the  moral  and  physical  man.  The  sub- 
stance of  these  lectures  is  continued  in  a  work  by  Mr.  Wilkins,  entitled  "  The 
Curse  of  the  World,"  a  volume  which  should  be  placed  in  tbe  hands  of  every 
young  man.  The  average  number  of  inmates  in  the  Home  at  present  is 
about,  ninety.  The  total  receipts  of  the  Wasliingtonian  Home  Association 
for  1890  were  $48  140.87,  disbursements,  $50,830.93.  Balance  in  the  treasury 
January  1,  1891,  $6,138.78.  There  was  due  from  the  city,  however,  about 
$15,000  from  license  income. 

KEELEY  INSTITUTE,  THE. 

Probably  no  discovery  in  medicine  has  been  productive  of  so  much  intel- 
ligent discussion  or  so  much  widespread  interest  during  recent  years  as  that 
made  by  Leslie  E.  Keeley,  M.  D.,  and  it  is  certain  that  the  workings  of  no 


364  GI?IDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

medical  institution  In  the  world  have  been  observed  with  closer  attention 
among  all  classes  of  people  during  the  past  three  years,  than  that  which  is 
known  as  The  Keeley  Institute,  of  Dwight,  111.  This  stands  alone,  among 
the  institutions  of  Illinois.  It  is  something  so  original, so  novel,  so  unique,  that 
the  compiler  has  found  it  impossible  to  place  it  under  any  established  classi- 
fication. It  must  be  treated  in  relief.  It  is  not  a  hospital.  It  is  not  an  asylum. 
It  is  not  a  sanitarium.  It  is  not  a  reformatory.  It  is  all  of  these  in  one,  and 
yet  it  differs  from  them  in  so  many  essential  points  that  it  must  not  be  con- 
sidered as  of  their  class,  nor  in  connection  with  them.  The  matter  which 
follows  is  arranged  so  as  to  afford  the  stranger  all  the  information  required, 
in  the  most  convenient  form  possible.  The  various  headings  are  arranged  in 
alphabetical  order,  nnd  not  according  to  the  importance  of  the  subjects,  in 
conformity  with  the  rule  which  governs  the  treatment  of  all  subjects  in  this 
work. 

Associated  Keeley  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club. — At  the  convention  called  by 
the  Directory  of  the  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club  of  the  world,  which  met  in 
Dwight  on  the  15th  and  16th  of  February,  1892,  the  name  of  the  general 
organization  was  changed  to  the  Associated  Keeley  Bi  Chloride  of  Gold 
Club,  and  the  requisites  for  membership  were  fixed  as  follows:  No  person 
shall  be  eligible  to  membership  in  this  association  who  has  not  taken  the 
Keeley  double  chloride  of  gold  treatment  for  alcoholic,  narcotic  or  nervous  dis- 
eases; and  no  man  shall  be  admitted  to  membership  who  is  in  any  way  con- 
nected with  the  sale  or  manufacture  of  alcoholic  stimulants  as  a  beverage,  or 
who  has  lapsed  after  his  treatment,  or  who  has  contracted  one  habit  after 
having  been  cured  of  another. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  to  serve  for  1893-93.  President,  S.  E. 
Moore,  Pittsburg;  vice-presidents,  W.  S.  Arnold,  Washington,  and  Frank  1'. 
Clark,  Kansas  City;  secretary  and  treasurer,  the  Hon.  J.  D.  Kehoe,  Ken- 
tucky. Directors.  W.  M.  Burris,  Liberty,  Mo.*  John  J.  Flinn,  Chicago; 
the  Hon.  Waller  Young,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.;  D.  V.  Youngblood,  CarbondaK 
111.;  D.  G.  Woolen,  Dallas,  Tex.;  J.  M.  Kelly,  Pittsburg;  A.  R.  Calhoun, 
New  York;  S.  A.  McLean,  Michigan;  James  A.  Merritt,  Minnesota;  W.  G. 
Richardson,  Kansas;  Ed.  F.  Mullen,  California. 

Advisory  Committees  were  appointed  by  the  Executive  Committee 
for  each  State  (see  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club  of  the  world  under  headings 
"  Clubs.gentlemen's  and  social")  Leslie  E.  Keeley,  LL.  D.,  M.D.,  was  elected 
honorary  president. 

Bi-CUoi'ide  of  Gold  Clitb.—The  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club  of  Dwight,  it 
is  unnecessary  to  say,  is  the  parent  Bi-Chloride  of  Gol'd  Club  of  the  world. 
At  the  present  writing  it  has  a  membership  of  about  4,000.  [See  Bi-Chloride 
of  Gold  Club  of  Dwight,  and  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club  of  the  World,  under 
"Clubs."] 

Character  of  the  Patients. — There  may  be  found  undergoing  treatment 
at  Dwight,  representatives  of  every  class  of  society  except  that  known  as  "the 
bum  element."  If  a  man  is  a  "bum"  when  he  reaches  Dwight,  and  is  iiot  so 
naturally,  the  odor  of  the  pot-house  and  the  barrel-house  very  speedily  leaves 
him,  aiid  he  finds  that  unless  he  quickly  changes  his.  mianners  his  asso- 


2 

H  r- 

w  w 

2  5 

o  S 

?3  5 


'    O 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  365 

ciates  will  prove  neither  social  nor  tolerant.  If  he  is  a  "  bum  "  naturally  the 
chances  are  that  he  will  not  stay  his  full  time  out.  There  is  another  class 
equally  obnoxious  and  its  representatives  are  received  with  even  less  con- 
sideration. This  is  the  "snob  element."  The  man  who  comes  to  Dwight 
with  the  idea  that  he  will  find  there  no  person  who  by  any  possibility  can  be 
considered  as  good  as  he  is,  is  very  quickly  disenchanted  with  himself.  At 
first  he  holds  himself  aloof  from  the  rest  save  when  it  is  necessary  for  him  to 
get  into  line  for  treatment.  By  degrees  he  discovers  that  the  men  in  front  of 
him  and  the  men  behind  him  occupy  positions  in  the  world  far  superior  to 
that  held  by  him.  His  snobbishness,  if  he  be  not  naturally  a  snob,  soon  disap- 
pears. If  he  be  a  snob  naturally  he  is  not  likely  to  stay  his  full  time  out  either. 
There  may  be  found  in  the  lines  at  Dwight  representatives  of  every  rank  in 
life.  Professional  men  are  there  in  large  numbers.  Physicians,  lawyers, 
ministers  of  the  Gospel,  authors,  journalists,  poets,  wits,  judges  from  the 
bench,  members  of  Congress,  members  of  the  various  State  Legislatures,  civil 
engineers,  architects,  and  men  of  this  character  are  scattered  plentifully 
through  the  lines,  as  well  as  bankers,  merchants,  contractors,  railroad  offi- 
cials, board  of  trade  brokers,  first-class  artisans  and  mechanics  and  men  of 
that  character.  It  is  impossible  for  the  newcomer  to  form  any  idea  of  the 
class  of  men  he  is  brought  into  contact  with.  By  slow  degrees  he  becomes 
acquainted  and  finds  to  his  surprise  that  he  has  been  walking  shoulder  to 
shoulder,  perhaps,  with  men  whosenames  are  familiar  to  the  American  public 
and  who  occupy  high  places  in  the  esteem  of  their  fellow-citizens. 

Daily  Life  at  Dwight. — It  is  a  quiet  life  at  Dwight,  but  not  a  dull  one. 
There  is  no  chance  for  dullness  and  stagnation  where  so  many  newspaper 
men,  politicians,  lawyers,  war  veterans,  and  city  men  of  affairs  are  gathered. 
People  find  out  each  other  here,  and  when  a  man  is  found  out  he  is  expected 
to  turn  in  and  do  his  best  for  the  general  amusement  or  the  public  good. 
Nearly  every  candidate  for  the  bichloride  of  gold  course  goes  to  Dwight  with 
the  desire  and  intention  of  keeping  his  visit  a  secret,  and  many  make  elabo- 
rate preparations  at  home  for  carrying  out  the  fiction  of  a  visit  to  the  Springs 
or  a  trip  to  the  seaside.  But  it  amounts  to  nothing.  They  meet  old  acquaint- 
ances who  have  come  on  the  same  errand;  they  are  recognized  by  friends  on 
passing  trains,  or  gossipy  people  who  are  writing  home  send  lists  of  distin- 
guished inebriates  who  are  their  companions.  The  secret  always  comes  out. 
But  the  strange  part  of  the  story  is  that  after  the  first  week  no  one  want£  to 
hide  the  fact  that  he  has  passed  through  Dr.  Keeley's  hands.  He  is  proud  of 
it,  and  he  exults  in  the  idea  that  he  will  be  able  to  tell  his  friends  that  the 
chains  have  fallen  from  his  wrists  and  that  he  is  free.  "  I  am  going  home 
next  week,"  said  a  happy  patient,  "  to  let  my  wife  get  acquainted  with  me. 
We  have  been  married  twelve  years  and  she  has  never  known  her  hus- 
band!'' Such  sunshine  as  this  has  fallen  upon  thousands  of  households 
that  once  were  desolate,  but  now  are  filled  with  happiness.  This  will 
explain  why  so  many  who  came  with  reluctance  and  with  doubt  are  glad  to 
hear  from  the  doctor's  lips  that  they  must  stay  another  week,  and  even  then 
leave  Dwiglit  with  reluctance.  This  is  why  strong  men  break  down  in  tears 
when  they  come  to  say  good-by.  They  have  formed  acquaintanceships  which 
are  different  from  any  they  made  before  and  which  are  the  blossom  and  fruit 
of  a  common  knowledge  of  sorrow  find  a  common  bitter  experience. 
The  friendships  made  in  Dwight  ?re  unlike  any  that  come  up  in  the  ordinary 
business  of  life,  and  will  be  apt  to  outlast  most  others-  The  badge  of  the 


366  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  club  is  likely  also  to  be  the  longest  worn  of  any  such 
ornaments.  All  the  members  have  promised  to  wear  it  at  all  times,  not  only 
as  a  shield  and  reminder,  but  also  as  a  pleasant  memorial  of  their  days  at 
Dwight  and  the  friends  they  made  there.  As  the  day  of  their  departure 
draws  near  patients  who  wonder  why  they  were  side-tracked  at  an  unknown 
village  see  the  wisdom  of  the  plan  that  brought  them  to  Dwight.  In  a  large 
city  or  at  a  watering  place  the  work  they  have  been  doing  for  themselves 
would  have  been  doubled  by  the  temptations  and  distractions  that  presented 
themselves.  In  the  little  village,  whose  peaceful  homes  are  shaded  by  the 
cottonwood  and  maple,  and  whose  every  open  door  welcomes  the  stranger, 
the  work  of  rest,  peace,  and  regular  habits  proceeds  apace.  To  the  jaded 
brain  the  song  of  the  thrush  and  the  call  of  the  robin  come  with  new  mean- 
ing as  the  man  finds  the  years  that  were  once  worse  than  wasted  dropping 
from  him,  and  that  the  vigor  of  early  manhood,  with  its  hopes  and  ambitions, 
is  returning.  This  is  the  work  of  restoration  and  reconstruction  that  is 
claimed  for  Dr.  Keeley  and  Dwight,  and  to  which  5,000  saved  men  stand 
ready  to  bear  witness.  The  work  and  the  place  are  adapted  to  each  other 
perfectly.  The  great  and  good  physician  who  has  given  the  best  years  of 
his  life  to  the  rescue  of  the  drunkard  comes  before  the  world  fitly  framed  in 
by  the  pretty  little  village  of  Dwight,  where  his  work  began,  and  from  which 
he  has  sent  out  a  perpetual  stream  of  sunshine  on  innumerable  homes.  There, 
where  men  who  had  lost  all  hope  heard  from  his  lips  the  first  promise  of  a 
cure,  and  there  they  will  look  back  to  see  him  always,  as  they  last  saw  him, 
with  a  smile  of  trust  upon  his  lips.  And  the  last  thing  they  forget  in  life 
will  be  Dr.  Keeley  and  the  work  he  did  for  them  at  Dwight. 

Departures  and  Arrivals. — Train  time  is  always  looked  forward  to  at 
Dwight,  sometimes  with  pleasure  and  sometimes  with  sorrow.  Pleasant  ties 
are  broken  every  day.  The  departing  graduate,  while  looking  forward  with 
pleasure  to  meeting  his  friends  once  more,  leaves  his  associates  with  regret. 
He  is  generally  given  a  hearty  farewell.  New  arrivals  are  immediately  taken 
in  hands  by  attendants  of  the  Institute,  who  are  always  in  waiting  at  the 
station.  [See  illustration.]  No  matter  what  the  condition  of  the  arrival  maybe 
no  remarRS  are  made  about  the  man  as  he  passes  through  the  crowd.  Under 
no  circumstances  is  good  taste  offended. 

Depot. — The  Chicago  &  Alton  Railway  Company  has  erected  at  Dwight  a 
handsome  granite  railway  station  for  the  accommodation  of  its  patrons.  It 
was  much  needed. 

Discovery  of  the  Remedy. — From  OpieP.  Reed,  journalist,  novelist  and  wit: 
"For  many  years  Dr.  Keeley  was  a  general  practitioner  at  Dwight,  and  was  the 
first  regularly-engaged  railroad  surgeon  in  the  United  States,  having  been  tend- 
ered theposition  by  the  Chicago  &  Alton  twenty  years  ago.  He  grew  up  with  the 
idea  that  drunkenness  was  a  disease  and  that  it  could  be  cured;  indeed,  this 
idea  was  an  inheritarce.  His  gr-andfather,  an  Irish  gentleman  and  a  fine 
physician,  held  the  same  belief,  and  spent  much  of  his  life  fti  the  study  of  the 
subject,  but  without  discovering  a  sure  remedy.  Years  afterwards  his  son, 
also  a  physician,  continued  the  investigation,  but,  after  a  long  life,  died  with- 
out having  made  the  discovery  which  his  father  had  so  earnestly  sought. 
The  present  Dr.  Keeley  experimented  for  many  years  in  the  East  where  he 
was  born,  and  in  the  West  at  Dwight;  indeed,  during  the  war,  while  he  was 
surgeon  in  the  Union  army,  ho  kept  up  his  birth-seated  habit  of  studying 
drunkenness  and  its  possible  cure. 


tHE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  367 

"  3 a«  night  about  fourteen  years  ago  the  student  walked  forth  from  his 
laboratory.  Dwight  was  asleep;  the  late  trains  had  passed;  a  quiet  joy  filled 
the  student's  heart.  "Why?  He  was  satisfied  that  the  long-sought  remedy 
had  been  fouud.  A  strong  test  was  riot  long  wanting.  Shortly  after w aid 
Dr.  Keeley  was  summoned  to  attend  an  old  man  who  had  attempted  to  com- 
mit suicide.  He  was  the  village  drunkard.  The  doctor  saved  his  life  and 
then  applied  his  discovery.  The  old  man  lived  many  years,  but  never  took 
another  drink  of  liquor." 

J)iseanes  Treated. — While  by  far  the  great  majority  of  patients  at  Dwight 
and  its  branches  are  treated  for  alcoholism  01  drunkenness,  great  numbers 
of  victims  of  narcotics,  such  as  opium,  morphine,  chloral,  etc.,  and 
tobacco,  may  also  be  found  there,  as  well  as  sufferers  from  nervous  dis- 
eases not  superinduced  by  the  use  of  alcohol  drugs  or  tobacco.  The  success 
achieved  by  Dr.  Keeley  in  his  treatment  of  drunkenness  has  to  a  great  extent 

overshadowed  his  equally  successful  treatment  of  .those  addicted  to  other  a I 

more  pernicious  habits.  This  Is  naturally  so  for  the  reason.that  the  diseaoC 
of  alcoholism  is  so  much  more  widespread  and  so  much  more  prominent 
in  the  eyes  of  the  public.  Dr.  Keeley  looks  upon  the  cigarette  habit  asbe'ng 
the  most  pernicious  he  has  to  deal  with.  Because  of  the  apparent  innocence 
of  the  habit  it  works  a  more  complete  ruin  than  any  of  the  others  to  the  nerv- 
ous system  of  its  victims.  It  is  the  only  habit  he  is  ocasionally  led 
to  denounce  positively  as  a  vice.  There  are  issued  by  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley 
Company  a  number  of  valuable  pamphlets  treating  of  the  morphine  and  opiu^i 
habit,  in  all  its  various  phases  and  degrees,  of  the  tobacco  habit,  the  cigarette 
habit,  and  of  neurasthenia,  or  nerve  exhaustion,  with  information  of  vast 
importance  to  sufferers.  These  will  be  sent  free  to  any  person  applying  for 
them  at  the  Keeley  Institute  Dwight,  oral  any  of  its  branches,  or  they  will  be 
furnished  together  with  any  other  information  desired  by  any  graduate  of 
any  of  the  Keeley  Institutes,  everyone  of  whom  considers  himself  an  agent  of 
the  company  to  the  extent  of  spreading  the  light  of  Dr.  Keeley's  discoveries 
so  that  all  mankind  may  be  benefited  by  it.  No  letter  is  ever  left  unanswered 
at  the  Keeley  Institute,  and  no  question  is  considered  too  troublesome  to  be 
answered  by  the  staff  of  physicians  in  charge. 

Dwight. — Dwight,  Livingston  county,  111  ,  a  village  made  famous  by  Dr. 
Leslie  E.  Keeley's  di  coveries  in  medicine,  and  made  important  by  reason  of 
the  loeation  of 'the  principal  offices,  laboratory  and  institute  of  the  Leslie  E. 
Keeley  Company  there,  is  located  in  what  is  historically  known  as  Grand 
Prairie  on  the  main  line  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St  Louis  R.  R.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  its  western  division,  about  seventy-two  miles  from  Chicago,  and 
twenty  miles  from  Pontiac,  the  county  seat.  It  is  a  place  of  about  2,000 
inhabitants,  is  the  third  in  size,  and  one  of  the  most  important  shipping  points 
in  the  county.  It  was  surveyed  by  Nelson  Buck,  deputy  county  surveyor  for 
Amos  Edwards,  the  regular  surveyor  of  the  county,  in  the  fall  of  1858,  for 
R.  P.  Morgan,  Jr.,  Jas.  C.  Spencer,  John  Lathrop  and  I.  and  K.  O.  Fell,  who 
owned  the  land  on  which  it  stands.  The  original  town  embraced  the  south- 
west quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  4;  also  the  northwest  quarter 
of  the  northeast  quarter,  and  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter 
of  section  9,  township  30,  north  range  7,  east  of  the  third  principal  meridian, 
and  on  the  30th  day  of  January,  1854,  was  dedicated  by  Mr.  Morgan,  and  the 
plat  admitted  to  record.  The  following  are  his  dedicatory  woids:  "To be 
known  as  the  town  of  Dwight,  and  the  streets  and  alleys  described  on  the 


368  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

town  plat  are  hereby  donated  to  the  public."  It  was  named  for  Henry 
Dwight,  of  New  York,  who  was  a  capitalist,  and  furnished  the  money  to 
build  the  road  from  Joliet  to  Bloomington,  known  as  the  Chicago,  Alton  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad.  He  is  said  to  have  lost  a  fortune  in  the  construction  of 
this  road,  and  as  a  compliment  to  him,  and  in  honor  of  his  noble  deeds,  his 
name  was  given  to  the  village,  which,  in  spite  of  efforts  to  change  it,  it  has  ever 
since  borne.  It  is  said  that  the  first  indication  of  a  town  was  the  raising  of  a 
telegraph  pole  with  a  tin  pan  nailed  on  top,  which  served  as  a  landmark  and 
guide  to  the  surveyors  engaged  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
or,  as  then  known,  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad  Company,  with  the 
intention  of  building  a  railroad  from  Joliet  to  Alton.  The  road  was  located 
by  Oliver  H.  Lee,  chief  engineer  of  the  company,  and  the  work  pushed  for- 
ward under  the  supervision  of  assistant  engineers  R.  P.  Morgan,  Jr.,  H.  A 
Gardiner  and  James  A.  Spencer,  with  such  vigor  and  dispatch  that  on  the  4th 
day  of  July,  1854,  the  first  passenger  train  passed  over  the  new  road.  Since 
then,  Dwight,  up  to  within  the  past  three  years,  can  not  be  said  to  have  pros- 
pered. The  railroad  diverted  such  trade  as  formerly  came  to  it  to  other 
points.  li  slumbered  along  for  years  as  a  sort  of  a  community  of  retired 
farmers,  and  apparently  knew  as  little  and  cared  as  little  of  the  outside  world 
as  the  outside  world  knew  and  cared  about  it.  It  has  much  the  appearance 
of  a  frontier  village  to-day,  the  majority  of  the  residences  being  one-story 
cottages.  It  has  one  or  two  very  pretty  avenues,  however,  and  some  handsome 
private  residences,  but  it  is  plain  that  whatever  prosperity  it  is  now  enjoytoj 
is  due  directly  to  the  location  there  of  the  Keeley  Institute,  the  patients  of  whim 
number  from  700  to  1,000  at  all  times.  .These  are,  generally  speaking,  men 
of  means,  and  they  have  helped  to  swell  the  receipts  of  the  shopkeepers, 
besides  leaving  a  great  deal  of  money  with  the  hotel  and  boarding-house 
keepers.  Dwight  is  a  charming  little  prairie  town  in  summer.  In  winter 
this  can  not  be  truthfully  said  of  it,  although  its  streets  are  being  rapidly 
improved.  The  people  of  Dwight  are  socially  agreeable,  and  patients  at  the 
Keeley  Institute  are  uniformly  treated  with  consideration.  The  young  people 
are  above  the  average  in  intelligence.  There  are  good  schools  and  churches 
here.  Amusements  are  such  as  are  furnished  by  the  different  church  and 
secret  societies,  and  the  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club.  The  Keeley  Company 
and  the  village  government  have  in  contemplation  numerous  improvements, 
the  carrying  out  of  which  will  completely  transform  the  place  within  the  next 
few  years. 

Effects  of  the  Treatment. — All  sorts  of  nonsensical  stories  are  told  of  the 
effects  of  the  Keeley  treatment.  There  are  patients  who,  for  various  reasons, 
exaggerate  their  sufferings  and  tell  extraordinary  stories  of  their  endurance, 
simply  for  the  purpose  of  leading  their  friends  to  believe  that  they  are 
undergoing  a  dreadful  ordeal,  and  undergoing  it  like  heroes.  The  treatment, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  is  a  heroic  one,  but  not  in  the  sense  that  it  brings  great 
mental  orphysical  suffering  with  it.  The  drunkard  who  has  been  on  a  short  or 
prolonged  debauch  probably  never  was  "  let  down  "  so  easily  before.  He  is- 
freed  almost  unconsciously  from  the  desire  for  alcoholic  stimulation,  and  with 
out  suffering  the  tortures  which  he  has  had  to  endure  invariably  on  previous 
ooc'isions.  Suppose  he  arrives  drunk  at  the  end  of  a  month's  spree.  If  he  is 
inn-.ipable  of  oaring  for  himself  an  attendant  is  placed  in  charge  of  him.  He 
is  given  a  hypodermic  injection  in  the  left  arm.  and  his  attendant  is  pro. 
vided  with  a  bottle  of  the  remedy,  from  which  he  administers  a  dose  every 
two  hours.  The  attendant  is  also  provided  with  a  four  ounce  flask  of  good 


Wtp,^ 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  369 

whisky.  There  is  no  restraint  on  the  patient.  He  can  walk  the  streets,  visit 
the  club  or  the  institute,  or  go  to  sleep  at  his  boarding  house  or  hotel,  as  the 
fancy  strikes  him.  But  he  gets  his  doses  regularly  every  two  hours,  and  his  . 
hypodermic  treatments  at  the  regulation  hours.  If  he  arrives  in  the  morning,  j 
he  is  very  nearly  sober  by  night,  tmt  his  supply  of  whisky  is  not  cut  off.  He  I 
is  eniitled  to  whisky  at  Dwight  as  long  as  he  calls  for  it,  but,  of  course,  in  \ 
modified  doses.  He  is  not  permitted  to  suffer  for  the  want  of  it.  If  he  is  a 
bad  case  he  consumes  eight  or  twelve  ounces  the  first  day.  He  is  certain  of 
a  good  sleep  at  night,  and  next  day  he  may  consume  eight  ounces  of  whisky. 
This,  however,  is  an  extreme  case.  The  probability  is  that  on  the  morning 
of  the  third  day  he  has  no  desire  for  it.  He  is  likely  to  refuse  it  when  it  is 
offered.  He  has  slept  well  and  his  appetite  is  good.  He  is  surprised,  arr  azcd 
to  find  that  he  is  not  nervous.  His  attendant  leaves  him.  He  is  able  to  care 
for  himself  from  this  time  on.  He  takes  an  active  part  in  the  Bi-Chloride  of 
Gold  club.  He  begins  to  enjoy  life.  There  is,  perhaps,  some  dimness  of 
sight  and  some  slight  interruption  of  thought.  This  continues  for  about 
three  days.  He  is  a  Httle^forgetful  and  absent-minded,  but  such  a  condition 
is  easily  accounted  for  when  it  is  considered  that  a  perfect  metamorphosis 
has  taken  place  in  the  man  within  seventy-two  hours.  His  sight  and  his 
mind  soon  clear  up,  and  his  intellect  comes  out  like  the  sun  from  behind  a 
bank  of  summer  clouds,  and  shines  with  a  brilliancy  that  astonishes  himself 
and  his  friends.  He  is  once  more  a  Man.  He  may  be  physically  weak  for 
ten  days  or  so,  but  at  the  end  of  two  weeks  he  begins  to  gain  flesh ;  his  energy 
returns;  he  is  full  of  vigor;  he  feels  that  the  world  is  his.  At  the  end  of  the 
third  or  fourth  week  he  leaves  Dwight  with  a  heart  full  of  gratitude  and  a 
mind  bent  upon  noble  purposes.  The  whole  thing  is  a  mystery  to  him.  He 
bovvs  his  head  in  acknowledgment  of  God's  mercy  in  raising  up  Dr.  Keeley 
as  an  instrument  of  salvation,  and  does  not  care  to  penetrate  the  veil  which 
shields  the  mighty  secret  from  his  view. 

Express  Office. — Like  a  great  many  other  things  in  DwighJ,  the  express 
office  facilities  have  not  kept  pace  with  the  demand  and  consignments  of 
articles  necessary  to  the  comfort  of  patients,  are  very  frequently  delayed 
beyond  all  reason.  The  facilities  shoiild  at  least  be  doubled. 

Harry  Lawrence's. — The  patient  at  Dwight  has  scarcely  arrived  before 
he  registers  at  "  Harry  Lawrence's."  The  proprietor  is  a  genial,  whole-souled 
Missourian.  He  hails  from  a  town  called  Slater,  which  he  pronounces  "  Sla- 
taw,"  with  a  true  Missouri  dialect.  This  is  the  great  butter-milk  repository 
of  Dwight.  Butter-milk,  by  the  way,  is  a  favorite  beverage  in  the  village, 
and  barrels  of  it  are  consumed  daily  by  the  patients.  Harry  Lawrence  is  a 
graduate,  and  has  done  perhaps  as  much  as  any  single  man  toward  spreading 
the  light.  Attached  to  his  place  is  a  restaurant  conducted  in  first-class  styje, 
and  managed  by  Willie  Reilly,  a  Chicago  boy,  also  a  graduate. 

Government  Recognition. — The  United  States  Government  recognizes  the 
Keeley  Treatment  and  has  authorized  the  use  of  the  Keeley  remedies  in 
twenty-eight  National  and  State  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Homes.  The  Board  of 
Managers  of  theye  institutes  is  composed  as  follows:  The  President  of  the 
Uuted  States,  the  Chief  Justice,  the  Secretary  of  War — ex-oflicios;  General 
William  B.  Franklin,  president  of  the  board;  Gen.  William  J.  Sewell,  first 
vice-president;  Gen.  John  C  Black,  second  vice-president;  Gen.  Martin  T. 
McMahon,  secretary;  Col.  John  L.  Mitchell.  Major  Edmund  Merrill,  Gen. 
George  Bonebrake,  Gen.  Alfred  L.  Pearson,  Gen.  James  Barnett,  Gen.  Fran- 
cis Fessenden  and  Gen.  George  W.  Steele. 


370  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Hotel  and  Boarding  House  Accommodation. — Hotel  accommodation  for  trans- 
ients or  regular  guess  may  be  obtained  atDwight  by  the  day  or  week.  TheLiv- 
iugston,  owned  by  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company,  is  the  leading  hotel  of  the 
village,  and  is  conducted  in  first-class  style.  Rates  $3  per  day  and  upward, 
according  to  character  of  accommodation  and  room  required.  Other  hotels  con- 
venient to  the  Institute  are  the  Avenue  House,  Cornell  House,  Ketcham  House, 
McPheisijn  House  and  Pennsylvania  House.  Rates  at  any  of  the  last  named, 
$1.50  per  day;  board  by  the  week,  $7  and  $10.  Board  by  the  week  generally 
in  Dwight,  including  bed,  $7.  Better  accommodations  may  Le  had  by  renting 
rooms  separately  at  a  cost  of  from  $3  to  $5  per  week;  acd  the  best  board 
may  be  obtained  at  from  $5  to  $7  per  week.  Patients  are  directed  to  board- 
ijg  houses  by  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company.  Many  large  boarding  houses 
have  recently  been  erected. 

How  One  Man  was  Diseased,  and  How  Cured. — It  would  be  impossible  to 
give  even  a  summary  of  the  thousands  of  cures  which  have  taken  place  at 
Dwight.  The  compiler  can  only  give  a  sinking  example  of  the  speed  with 
which  the  peculiar  condition  of  a  sufferer  is  understood,  and  the  rapidity  with 
which  he  recovers  under  the  treatment.  The  following  will  serve  as  an  illus- 
tration. The  story  is  told  by  the  person  who  passed  through  the  experience. 
Ic  will  be  understood  by  all  those  who  have  ever  been  cursed  with  the  disease, 
as  well  as  those  who  have  had  to  deal  with  periodical  drunkards:  "  I  was  a 
periodical  drunkard  and  could  always  tell  when  one  of  my  attacks  was  coming 
on.  My  pulse  would  gradually  begin  to  beat  faster  and  faster,  and  would, 
after  a  week's  fight  against  liquor,  run  as  high  as  140.  I  would  arrange  my 
business  so  that  I  could  leave  home  and  would  then  go  away  and  drink  des- 
perately for  a -month  or  more.  I  have  gone  until  my  feet  would  swell  so  that 
a  vein  would  burst  and  fill  my  shoe  with  blood.  My  father  one  day  thus  up- 
braided me  :  '  I  can  understand  how  a  man,  out  with  a  party  of  friends,  can 
be  Jed  off,  but  how  a  man  can  arrange  his  affairs  as  you  do,  get  drunk,  you 
might  say,  in  cold-blooded  premeditation,  is  something  I  do  not  understand. 
I  attempted  to  explain,  but  could  not,  and  referred  the  matter  to  our  family 
physician  .  'Do  you  mean  to  lellme,'  said  he,  'that  whisky,  the  very  remedy 
we  use  in  heart  failure,  is  the  only  thing  that  will  reduce  your  pu'lse  ?'•  '  I 
do,'  I  answered.  '  I  can't  believe  it.  Come  to  my  office  the  next  time  you  are 
attacked.'  One  day,  in  company  with  my  father,  I  called  on  the  doctor.  I 
held  out  my  hand.  The  doctor  timed  my  pulse — 140.  He  vainly  tried  medi 
cine  after  medicine,  and  finally  said:  'I  don't  understand  it.'  'Give  me 
some  whisky,' said  I.  He  gave  me  a* glass  of  liquor  and  my  pulse  dropped 
to  eighty.  '  I  give  it  up,'  said  he,  and  then,  turning  to  my  father,  said  :  'Mr. 
Lyons,  your  son  can't  help  it.  It  is  a  disease.'  The  doctor  afterwards 
'  wrote  me  up'  for  a  medical  journal.  I  was  sent  to  Boston  to  be  treated,  but 
my  disease  broke  out  apain  while  I  was  under  treatment.  I  was  taken  to 
Paris,  but  I  was  compelled  to  drink,  and  came  home  hopeless.  One  morning 
my  father  called  my  attention  loan  article  in  the  New  "York  Sun.  [The  Snn's 
attention  was  called  to  the  Keeley  cure  by  articles  in  the  Chicago  Tribune.}  It 
recounted  the  wonderful  cures  that  had  been  effected  by  Dr.  Keeley 's bichloride 
of  gold  treatment.  I  had  never  heard  of  Dwight,  and ,  having  failed  of  a  cure 
in  the  world's  most  famous  city,  had  no  faith  in  Dr.  Keeley,  but,  several  days 
later,  when  I  felt  an  attack  coming  on,  I  started  for  Dwight.  I  was  almost 
a  madman  when  I  arrived,  and  as  soon  as  I  saw  the  doctor  I  began  to  explain 
the  peculiarity  of  my  case.  'Yes,'  he  said,  cutting  me  off,  '  nearly  every  man 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  371 

has  a  peculiar  case.  How  long  has  it  been  since  you  drank?'  'About  a  month,' 
I  answered.  'Well,  then  you  don't  need  any  whisky.  'But/ I  almost  raved, 
'  I  must  have  it.  See,  my  pulse  is  running  away  with  me.  You  don't  seem 
to  understand  my  case.'  He  made  no  reply  to  my  statement,  but  quietly 
requested  me  to  expose  my  left  arm.  I  did  so,  and  he  injected  his  pink  fluid, 
and  then,  giving  me  a  bottle  of  tonic,  dismissed  me.  If  I  could  have  boarded 
a  train  I  would  have  left  in  disgust;  but  as  I  could  not,  I  went  to  bed  after 
taking  a  dose  of  the  tonic.  I  got  up  and  took  a  dose  several  times  during  the 
night,  and  was  surprised  at  morning  to  find  that  my  pulse  had  gone  down, 
but  the  thirst  was  still  strong  upon  me,  and  I  hastened  to  the  doctor's  office. 
He  gave  me  a  '  shot '  in  reply  to  my  demand  for  liquor,  and  I  was  again 
sent  away  with  the  instructions  to  take  my  tonic  regularly.  Well,  within  a 
week's  time  my  thirst  was  entirely  gone  and  my  nerves  were  stronger  than 
they  had  been  for  years.  I  would  not  be  in  the  condition  I  was  when  I 
came  here,  if  there  were  no  such  treatment  in  view,  for  a  million  dollars,  for 
in  that  condition  money  could  only  supply  the  means  of  destruction." 

Information  for  tlie  Interested. — The  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company  has  pre- 
pared the  following  necessary  information  for  those  who  are  interested  in  the 
double  chloride  of  gold  remedies.  It  should  be  read  carefully. 

We  are  called  upon  in  hundreds  of  letters,  which  daily  come  to  this  office,  to 
answer  questions  regarding  our  ti  eatment,  methods,  general  expenses  *  nd  usual  time 
necessary  for  a  complete  and  thorough  cure  of  the  liquor  habit;  and  finding  it  impos- 
sible to  spare  time  for  each  letter  in  detail,  we  embody  the  necessary  informati  n 
in  this  general  letter  to  meet  such  inquiries,  and  thus  insure  more  prompt  knowltdge 
on  the  subject. 

FIRST,  Dr.  Keeley  has  been  in  this  SPECIAL  department  of  medicine  twelve 
years,  nuring  which  time  he  has  favtd  more  fathers,  sons,  husbands  and  brothers, 
than  have  all  01  her  means  to  the  same  end  siuce  the  be* inning  >  f  the  century. 

SKCOND,  we  aie  con -tuntly  crowdt  d  with  patients  from  every  state  and  t-rritrry 
in  t^e  Union,  here  for  a  cure  of  the  Liquor  disease,  who  cume  and  po  with  unvarying 
regularity  every  THREE  WEEKS.  Tbey  are  from  every  walk  in  life,  from  toe  capitalist 
to  the  mech.  nic.  We  hav^  no  Sanitarium  Builoings,  no  behind  "stonewalls"  or 
"iron  bars  "  for  patients.  Our  system  dots  not  requ  re  them.  Patients  coming  to 
Dwight  go  to  good,  comfortable  hotels  or  l;oarding  houses,  take  their  remedy  there 
EVERY  TWO  HOURS  while  awake,  and  report  at  the  general  office  FOUR  TIMES  DAILY, 
AT  STATED  INTERVALS,  FOR  AUXILIARY  TREATMENT— this  as  a  part  of  their  exercise. 

THIRD,  the  time  here  is  three  weeks,  and  in  that  three  weeks  Mr.  Keeley  will  do 
more  for  a  liquor  habitue  than  can  be  d  ne  for  him  elsewhere  on  th '.  face  of  the 
globe  in  three  years— he  will  give  him  a  cure— a  cure  that  will  come  to  him  1  ke  a 
benediction  f  r<  m  God,  without  aid  or  t  ffort  of  his  part,  and  come  to  stay  Dr.  Keeley 
does  not  hesitate  t>  give  every  i.qu  r  hanitue  coming  here  all  the  l.quor  necessary 
until  he  drops  it  of  his  own  volition,  which  is  usually  in  from  36  t  >  48  hou  s  after 
commencing  TREATMENT.  He  then  drops  it,  never  to  take  it  up  again  while  life  lasts, 
as  never  again  is  it  a  necessity  or  a  temptation. 

We  nave  but  one  i  rice  to  all  c  mers,  namely,  $25/0  a  week  for  REMEDY  and 
TREATMENT;  board  is  extra,  and  costs  from  $5  to  $«1  per  week,  according  to  inclination 
and  pur*-. 

•  In  all  Remedy  sent  out  for  HOME  TREATMENT  we  embody  a  limited  amount  of 
the  SUPPORT  SOLUTION  hereto!  ore  mentioned  as  AUXILIARY  TREATMENT  in  the  men- 
strum  of  the  Remedy.  In  this  manner  we  tty  to  give  as  nearly  as  possible  Treatment 
identical  with  toat  at  Dwight. 

We  arealw.-,ys  anxious  to  make  a  Cure  in  every  case  to  which  the  Remedy  is 
sent,  and  to  do  this  we  urge  constant  and  accurate  REPORTS  sent  in  every  THIRD  day. 
These  renorts  are  answered  by  a  personal  letter  of  advice  and  instruction,  and  through 
this  method  we  take  charge  of  each  case  from  beginning  to  finish,  and  thus  protect 
the  Cure.  We  always  enclose  a  Report-blank  to  those  desiring  HOME  TREATMENT. 
This  filled  out  accurately  enables  us  to  gold-grade  Remedy  to  meet,  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible, the  conditions  bo  given,  and  to  secure  best  results. 

We  counsel  no  liquor  given  in  HOME  TREATMENT  unless  to  absolutely  pupport 
and  sustain.  Then  only  in  small  quantities  and  at  long  intervals.  When  the  Remedy 
takes  full  hold  upon  the  system  the  patient  will  not  want  liquor. 


372  tfmbE  TO  CHICAGO.* 

The  price  of  the  Remedy  for  Home  Treatment  is  $9  per  pair,  and  being  a  liquid 
must  be  sent  by  Express.  Cash  with  the  order  will  save  return  Express  charges, 
otherwise  shipments  are  made  C.  O.  D. 

Inebriety  a  Disease. — From  a  lecture  delivered  at  Chicago  by  Dr.  Leslie 
E.  Keeley,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Press  Club: 

"  I  do  not  claim  that  society  is  yet  ready  to  accept  the  conclusion  that 
confirmed  inebriates  are  morally  irresponsible,  but  society  is  now  obliged  to 
accept  the  fact  that  confirmed  inebriety  is  a  disease.  The  evidences  of  this  fact 
comprise  all  the  evidence  there  is  of  the  existence  of  any  disease.  There  is 
poison  as  a  cause.  There  are  symptoms  and  signs  of  disease.  These  facts  have 
long  been  known,  but  there  is  no  w  the  additional  evidence  which  is  confirmatory 
that  the  disease  of  inebriety  is  curable  by  medicine.  The  moral  factor  of 
inebriety  has  always  stood  in  the  way  of  recognition  by  the  public  that  ine- 
briety is  a  disease.  The  alcoholized  patient,  or  culprit,  or  prisoner  is  held 
responsible  morally  because  he  buys  the  poison  voluntarily,  and  takes  it  him- 
self, which  brings  into  the  case  the  factor  of  vice.$jewed  from  th,e  standpoint 
of  law  and  morality.  Setting  aside  this  factor,  there  is  no  difference  in  general 
terms  between  drunkenness  or  alcoholism  and  typhoid  fever  or  insanity- — and, 
in  fact,  when  we  continue  the  analysis  of  the  features  of  likeness  there  is  no 
difference.  The  germ  diseases  as  typhoid-fever,  consumption,  scarlet-fever 
and  diphtheria,  are  caused  by  germ  poisons,  and  it  was  formerly  the  custom  to 
call  these  diseases  "providential"  or  visitations  from  God,  the  reason  being 
that  the  cause  was  unknown.  Now,  however,  that  the  cause  is  known  we 
learn  that  the  public  and  individuals  are  as  responsible  morally  for  the  exist- 
ence of  the  poisons  as  they  are  for  the  existence  of  alcohol.  A  man  who 
refuses  to  be  vaccinated  or  refuses  this  protection  to  his  family  is  responsible 
if  small-pox  is  the  consequence.  Communities  which  neglect  sanitation  and 
have  a  death  rate  of  ten  or  twenty  above  the  minimum  rate  per  1,000,  are 
responsible  for  the  consequent  sickness  and  death.  An  individual  who  uses 
water  that  he  knows,  or  should  know,  may  be  contaminated  and  gets  typhoid 
fever  therefrom  is  morally  as  responsible  as  the  man  who  drinks  alcohol  until 
he  becomes  a  drunkard.  From  these  facts,  then,  I  can  see  no  difference  in  a 
general  sense  between  the  disease  of  inebriety  and  typhoid  fever  or  other  dis- 
eases. They  are  all,  every  one,  caused  by  poisons  which  produce  the  disease, 
and  individuals  and  communities  are  equally  responsible  from  the  moral 
standpoint  for  all  diseases  that  are  preventible.  Inebriety  also  bears  the  same 
relation  to  cure  and  prevention  that  other  diseases  do.  All  diseases,  includ- 
ing inebriety,  should  be  prevented  rather  than  cured,  but  this  world,  while 
truly  seeking  the  art  of  preventing  all  diseases,  has  not  yet  reached  the  goal. 
The  foundation  of.  this  disease,  with  its  manifestations  of  periodical  inebriety, 
consists  in  a  characteristic  variation  of  the  tissue  cells  of  the  brain,  which 
can  be  caused  by  nothing  else  than  alcohol.  This  variation  of  cells  is  partly 
lost  or  cured  naturally  during  the  rhythmiciulerval  of  sobriety,  but  for  the 
reason  that  force  underlies  this  manifestation  and  that  all  force  is  physically 
rhythmic,  this  condition  returns  again;  that  is,  the  manifestation  of  inebriety 
again  returns  and  again  recedes,  and  that  is  what  makes  the  habitual  drunk- 
ard. D  wight  is  called  the  'court  of  last  resort  for  God's  unfortunates,'  and  I 
think  justly  so.  I  will  take  any  liquor  habitue  there,  soddened  and  saturated 
by  twenty  years  of  alcoholic  debauch,  sober  him  in  two  hours,  cut  short  his 
worst  spree  in  four  hours,  take  him  from  inebriety  to  perfect  sobriety  without 
nervous  shock  or  distress,  and  leave  him  anti  pathetic  to  alcoholic  stimulants 
of  every  sort  and  kind  inside  of  three  days  and,  in  the  meantime,  will  give 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  373 

him  all  the  liquor  he  asks  for;  this,  with  the  confident  assurance  that  he  will 
drop  it  of  his  own  volition  in  from  thirty-six  to  forty-eight  hours.  Never 
again  will  he  want  or  desire  it,  though  he  should  live  a  hundred  years, 
and  if  he  goes  back  to  liquor  he  will  do  so,  not  because  of  want  or  desire,  but 
simply  with  intention  to  resume  his  old  habits.  The  sobering  up  process  at 
Dwight  is  a  small  matter,  though  one  much  dreaded  by  theinebriate  at  home. 
I  take  him  from  inebriety  to  perfect  sobriety  much  as  a  ship  is  lifted  from  the 
water  to  the  dry-docks  without  strain.  The  formulae  for  the  cure  of  inebriety 
and  opium  habit,  which  I  have  discovered  after  years  of  experimental  work, 
has  never  yet  been  published  and  never  will  be,  for  general  use.  I  am  aware 
that  alleged  analyses  of  my  formulae  are  published  in  the  newspapers.  I 
pronounce  them  unqualifiedly  false.  I  rest  easy  upon  the  matter  of  analysis, 
otherwise  I  would  not  send  my  remedy  broadcast  over  the  world  to  whoever 
culls  for  it.  It  would  take  a  river  of  it  to  make  a  quantitative  or  qualitative 
analysis,  or,  in  other  words,  an  analysis  in  fact.  To  give  to  the  general  pub- 
lic the  formulae  from  which  my  remedy  is  compounded  would  be  to  simply 
destroy  its  efficacy  as  a  cure.  The  remedy  is  not  a  proprietary  one,  similar  to 
the  many  others  known  as  patent  medicines  upon  the  market  in  drug  stores. 
It  is  a  complete  system  which  must  be  closely  watched  from  beginning  to 
finish,  and  from  which  no  detail  can  be  omitted  without  endangering  its 
success." 

Keeley  as  a  Man. — Opie  P.  Reed  in  a  letter  to  the  Chicago  Tribune. — In- 
stantly upon  meeting  Dr.  Keeley,  a  student  of  character  feels  that  he  is  in  the 
presence  of  a  great  man,  nor  does  this  impression  grow  less  with  acquaint- 
ance. On  the  contrary,  the  first  "conception  is  strengthened.  I  have  seen 
great  generals  and  have  interviewed  statesmen,  and  have  come  away  feeling 
that  the  public  had  overrated  them;  but  the  more  I  contemplate  Dr.  Keeley 
the  more  am  I  convinced  that  he  u  really  a  great  man — a  great  scientist.  He 
is  surely  doing  more  good  than  any  man  living  to-day;  more  good  than  any 
statesman  or  any  philanthropist.  He  is  the  restorer  of  happiness  to  homes 
that  have  long  been  the  abode  of  misery;  he  is  healing  the  broken  hearts  of 
wretched  mothers  and  wives,  and  is  giving  back  to  man  his  forfeited  claim 
upon  happiness.  He  firmly  takes  in  a  despair  and  gently  turns  it  out  a 
hope. 

.Keeley  Institutes — Branches. — A  large  number  of  important  branches  of 
the  Keeley  Institute  have  been  established.  These  are  scattered  throughout  the 
country.  *  In  the  near  future  it  is  likely  that  one  or  more  branch  institutions 
will  be  found  in  every  State  in  the  Union,  in  Canada  and  in  the  different 
countries  of  Europe.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  authorized  State  agencies 
operating  under  the  name  and  title  of  "The  Keeley  Institute,"  in  existence 
up  to  March  1,  1892.  These  comprise  the  only  genuine  representatives  for 
the  treatment  of  patients  with  the  Dr.  Leslie  E.  Keeley  double  chloride  of 
gold  remedies: 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Paris,  Texas. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  530  Locust  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Tne  Keeley  Institute,  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Tne  Keeley  Institute,  Marysville,  Ohio. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Edgewood  ave.  and  Ivy  St.,  Atlanta,  Ga 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Valley  City,  N.  D. 

Tha  Keeley  Institute,  Plainfield,  Ind, 


374  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  cor.  Third  and  Madison  sts.,  Portland   Ore. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Blair,  Neb. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Lancaster,  Wis. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  3811  Fifth  ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Palatka,  Fla. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Leavenworth,  Kas. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Sioux  Falls,  8.  D. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Olympia,  Wash. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Salem,  Va. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Farmington,  Me. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Oklahoma  City,  Ind.  Ty. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Los  Gatos,  Cal. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Hot  Springs,  S.  D. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Madisonville,  Ohio. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  North  Couway,  N.  H. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Northville,  Mich. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  West  Haven,  Conn. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Cherokee,  Iowa. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Gardo  House,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Westfield,  N.  Y. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  1607  Sanderson  ave.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Beatrice,  Neb. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Denver,  Colo.     « 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Topeka,  Kan. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  O'Neill,  Neb. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Waukesha,  Wis. 

The  Keeley  Institute,  Excelsior  Spring?,  Mo. 

Keeley  Institute,  Chicago. — At  this  writing  it  is  impossible  to  say  what 
the  plans  of  the  Keeley  Company  are  regarding  the  establishment  of  an  Insti- 
tute in  the  city  of  Chicago.  That  one  will  be  established  is  certain.  Negotia- 
tions are  understood  to  be  in  progress  for  the  purchase  of  a  large  and  hand- 
some structure  on  the  South  Side. 

Keeley  Institutes,  Foreign. — Keeley  Institutes  have  been  provided  for 
throughout  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Branch  institutes  will  also  be  estab- 
lished in  Norway,  Sweden,  Russia  and  Australia  at  an  early  day.  It  is 
highly  probable  that  within  a  year  there  will  be  Keeley  Institutes  in  every 
considerable  city  and  town  on  the  continent  of  Europe. 

Xeeley  Institute,  Winnetka. — The  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company  has  pur- 
chased a  tract  of  sixty  acres  of  land  on  the  bluffs  overlooking-  Lake  Michigan 
between  Winnetka  and  Fort  Sheridan,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  spots  on  the 
north  shore.  Here  will  probably  be  ereetrd  in  the  nenr  future  a  group  of 
buildings  which  will  form  the  nucleus  of  the  Central  Keeley  Institute  of  the 
World.  It  is  not  improbable  that  Dr.  Keeley  will  reside  here.  So  far  as  is 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  375 

known,  the  intention  is  to  preserve  the  Institute  at  Dwight  intact.  It  would 
be  out  of  place  here  to  make  any  predictions  as  to  the  future  of  the  Winnetka 
Institute,  as  Dr.  Keeley's  plans  have  not  been  given  to  the  public. 

Keeley  Institute,  Parent  Rouse. — Located  at  Dwight,  111.  This  institute 
is  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  LeslieE.  Keeley.M.  D.,LL.  D., discoverer 
of  the  Keeley  remedies.  This  is  the  center  from  which  all  branch  institutes 
derive  their  authority,  receive  their  supplies  and  obtain  their  medical  direc- 
tors. Connected  with  the  present  institute  is  the  laboratory  of  the  com- 
pany, in  charge  of  Prof.  John  R.  Oughton,  and  the  business  department  of 
the  company  in  charge  of  MajoT  Curtis  J.  Judd .  The  medical  department  is 
in  charge  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Elaine,  who  ranks  as  chief  of  staff.  His  assistants  are 
all  regularly-graduated  physicians  and  men  of  high  standing  in  the  profession, 
some  of  them  being  specialists  of  established  reputation.  The  attendance  of  .  / 
patients  here  is  always  much  larger  than  at  any  of  the  branches,  frequently  I 
reaching  upward  of  1,000,  although  the  treatment  received  is  precisely  the 
same  at  all  Keeley  institutes.  All  physiciansplacedin  charge  of  branches  receive 
their  training  here.  They  are  not  permitted  to  administer  the  remedies  until 
they  shall  have  first  thoroughly  familiarized  themselves  with  the  peculiar 
methods  pursued  under  Dr.  Keeley's  system,  with  the  use  of  the  needle  and 
with  the  various  phases  oHhe  different  diseases  arising  from  the  use  of  alcohol 
and  narcotics.  The  buildings  which  compose  the  Keeley  Institute  at  Dwight 
consist  of  a  beautiful  structure,  known  as  the  "  Laboratory,"  in  which  the 
general  accounting  room  sand  offices  of  the  ptiysicians  are  located;  the  treat- 
ment hall;  the  Livingston  Hotel;  a  sanitarium  for  women;  a  home  for 
attendants,  where  bad  cases  are  first  lodged;  the  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club 
apartments,  and  various  buildings  scattered  throughout  the  village. 
The  Livingston  occupies  the  site  of  Dr.  Keeley's  old  office,  where  he  toiled 
along  for  over  twelve  years,  unrecognized  by  his  profession,  and  almost 
unknown  to  the  world.  The  Laboratory  building  contains  the  following 
departments:  Laboratory  for  the  dispensing  of  the  general  line  of  medicines 
used  in  this  treatment.  Offices  for  the  clerical  purposes  necessary  for  so  large 
a  business,  also  for  the  use  of  the  lady  stenographers  of  which  they  have  to 
employ  at  present  fifteen,  besides  book-keepers,  clerks,  etc.  The  Treatment 
Hall  is  removed  from  this  structure,  and  convenient  to  the  club  rooms,  where 
patients  lounge  and  amuse  themselves.  Here  at  the  proper  hours  [see  Rules 
and  Regulations]  the  patients  form  into  lines  for  treatment.  An  illustration 
of  the  method  pursued  is  given  in  this  work.  This  shows  Dr.  Keeley  in  the 
foreground,  noting  the  condition  of  patients  as  they  pass  from  the  hands  of 
the  operating  physicians.  The  four  daily  hypodermic  injections  are  given  in 
the  left  arm,  a  slit  being  made  in  the  shirt  sleeves  of  the  patients,  as  a  rule, 
although  many  prefer  to  roll  the  sleeve  up  to  the  shoulder.  At  each  operating 
table  there  are  two  physicians,  one  to  use  the  needle,  the  other  to  see  tha 
patients  are  provided  with  remedies  for  minor  indispositions.  The  former 
observes  closely  the  pupils  of  the  eyes  of  every  patient  as  he  approaches, 
and  regulates  the  injection  accordingly.  A  third  physician  stands  in  the  rear 
of  these  (in  the  position  of  Dr .  Keeley  as  shown  in  the  engraving)  who  takes 
each  patient  by  the  wrist  after  treatment,  as  he  passes  out,  to  note  the  tem- 
perature of  the  body,  condition  of  skin,  dilation  of  pupil,  etc.,  and  also 
enquires  regarding  the  general  health  of  the  subject.  One  line  is  usually 
reserved  for  new  patients,  and  the  physician  who  is  detailed  to  attend  to  the 
duty  last  named,  in  this  line,  also  supplies  the  liquor  required  in  two-ounce, 
four-ounce  or  eight-ounce  bottles,  as  the  case  may  be.  No  patient  is  refused 


376  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

whisky.    Just  so  long  as  he  desires  it,  it  is  freely  given.    He  usually  declines 
it  twenty-four  hours  after  the  treatment  has  begun. 

Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company,  The.— The  Leslie  E.  Keeley'Company,  of 
Dwight,  111.,  is  a  corporate  body.  It  was  organized  under  the  laws  of  this 
State  for  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley  remedies  for  the 
cure  of  the  alcohol,  opium,  morphine,  tobacco  and  similar  habits,  and  for  the 
treatment  of  nervous  diseases  generally.  Leslie  E.  Keeley,  M.  D.  LL.  D., 
the  discoverer  of  the  double  chloride  of  gold  cure,  is  president;  Mr.  John  R. 
Oughton,  the  chemist  of  the  institute,  is  vice-president;  Major  Curtis  J.  Judd, 
the  business  manager  of  the  institute,  is  secretary  and  treasurer.  It  is  under- 
stood that  the  entire  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  controlled  by  these  three 
men.  Messrs.  Oughton  and  Judd  became  interested  in  the  Keeley  discoveries 
long  before  the  double  chloride  of  gold  remedies  had  achieved  a  reputation, 
and  remained  steadfast  in  their  faith,  although  it  appeared  many  times  that 
the  discoveries  made  by  Dr.  Keeley  would  never  obtain  the  recoguition  which 
they  deserved,  and  which  they  are  now  receiving  throughout  the  world. 

Medical  Staff.— The  medical  staff  of  the  Keeley  Institute  at  Dwight  is 
composed  as  follows: 

LESLIE  E.  KEELEY,  M.  D.,  LL.  D., 

JOHN  E.  ELAINE,  M.  D.,  Chief  of  Staff ', 

Milton  R.  Keeley,  M.  D.,  T.  D.  Williams,  M.  D., 

Allan  Burdick,  M.  D.,  E.  G.  Dick,  M.  D., 

Russell  Broughton,  M.  D.,  F.  D.  Martin,  M.  D., 

Norton  Brokaw,  M.  D.,  W.  M.  Brown,  M.  D., 

I.  L.  Compton,  M.  D.,  W.  W.  Steele,  M..  D. 

Newspapers. — The  Star  and  Herald  of  Dwight  is  the  leading  newspaper. 
It  is  a  weekly  and  well  edited  and  a  large  amount  of  space  is  devoted  to  the 
club  affairs  and  other  information  of  interest  to  patients  and  graduates.  It  is 
customary  for  graduates  upon  leaving  to  subscribe  for  the  Star  and  Herald 
that  they  may  be  kept  acquainted  with  the  movements  of  their  associates  and 
other  matters  connected  with  the  institute.  The  Banner  of  Gold,  a  weekly 
newspaper  devoted  to  the  interests  of  Keeley  graduates,  and  a  publication  of 
high  literary  merit,  is  issued  from  Chicago.  [See  Banner  of  Gold,  under  head 
of  "Newspapers. "1 

No  Restraint. — From  a  lecture  delivered  in  Chicago,  before  theBi-Chloride 
of  Gold  club  by  Maj.  Curtis  J.  Judd:  "The  old  method  of  treatment  doctors 
had  come  to  believe  in,  and  of  course  it  was  difficult  to  argue  with  them  and 
to  bring  them  to  see  matters  as  he  did.  The  argument  against  Dr.  Keeley 
was  that  he  could  not  do  what  he  claimed  because  it  never  had  been  done. 
Dr..  Keeley  contended  that  he  could  effect  a  cure  of  the  liquor  and  opium 
habits  by  treating  them  as  diseases.  He  would  use  no  force  in  the  matter 
whatever,  but  whoever  came  under  his  treatment  should  be  simply  a 
resident  of  the  village  he  was  in,  and  have  all  the  liberty  that  he  had  where 
he  came  from.  They  should  be  merely  tempora/y  residents  of  Dwight.  Dr. 
Keeley  claimed  that  the  voluntary  assent  of  the  patient  to  be  under  his  treat- 
mentdistinguished  the  mind  sufficiently;  that  undt  r  no  consideration  did  he 
consider  the  disease  of  inebriety,  even  to  the  extent  of  delirium  tremens,  a 
case  for  confinement;  and  he  never  has  done  it.  That  is  one  of  the  strongest 
features  in  his  treatment — that  a  necessity  does  not  exist  for  confinement  in 
any  case.  I  can  not  remember  of  a  single  case  of  delirium  tremens  where 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  377 

the  patient  himself  was  vicious.  You  may  read  the  medical  books  and  hear 
people  talk  of  public  and  private  asylums,  and  you  will  hear  of  nothing  but 
viciousness  on  the  part  of  inebriates.  That  is  what  surprises  me.  Dr.  Kee- 
ley's  theory  was  that  you  made  these  cases  vicious  by  confinement,  by  forc- 
ing them  to  do  what  in  their  own  judgment  was  wrong.  By  employ- 
ing coercion,  as  Dr.  Keeley  terms  it,  you  are  creating  what  you  try  to 
cure,  a  species  of  madness  or  insanity.  That  is  the  exterior  treatment  of 
inebriety.  It  is  carried  out  to-day  identically  as  Dr.  Keeley  laid  his  plans 
ten  years  ago.  He  is  carrying  out  what  he  has  studied  and  made  a  life-work 
for  the  last  twenty -five  years." 

Other  so-called  Gold  Cures. — The  compiler  of  this  work  has  been  requested 
to  call  attention  to  the  institutes  established  in  Chicago  and  elsewhere 
claiming  to  be  conducted  on  the  same  principle  as  the  Keeley  Institute 
at- Dwight.  While  he  has,  in  a  few  instances  at  least,  no  reason  to  doubt  the 
honesty  of  purpose  behind  some  of  these  establishments,  he  has  every  reason 
to  doubt  it  as  regards  some  others.  He  has  no  personal  knowledge  of  the 
efficacy  of  the  cures  said  to  be  performed  by  them.  He  has  personal  knowl- 
edge of  the  efficacy  of  the  Keeley  cure.  He  does  not  hesitate  to  say  here 
that  he  has  received  the  benefits  of  the  Dwight  treatment.  He  considers  the 
cure  of  inebriety  too  serious  a  question  to  be  trifled  with,  and  can  not  give 
his  indorsement  to  institutions  of  which  he  knows  nothing.  He  gives  hie 
indorsement  to  the  Keeley  remedies  cheerfully  and  without  qualification. 

Photography. — The  photograph  studio  of  the  Dwight  Art  Company  is 
worthy  of  a  visit  from  the  stranger.  Here  are  collected  innumerable  photo- 
graphs, showing  in  groups  and  individual  portiaitsthe  men  who  have  passed 
through  the  Keeley  Institute  at  Dwight.  It  is  customary  among  the  patients, 
from  time  to  time,  to  have  their  pictures  taken  in  what  is  known  as  "  contin- 
gents." For  example,  groups  of  Chicagoans  of  the  different  classes  may  be 
seen  here,  as  well  as  groups  of  Missourians,  Kentuckians,  New  Yorkers,  etc. 
The  art  gallery  is  well  conducted  and  very  well  executed  photographs  are 
produced  here. 

Pocket  Money. — Patients  at  Dwight  are  not  supposed  to  carry  any  great 
amount  of  money  with  them.  Whatever  amounts  they  may  bring  are 
expected  to  be  deposited  with  the  Keeley  Institute,  where  a  credit  is  given, 
and  upon  which  the  patient  may  draw,  from  time  to  time,  within  certain  lim- 
itations. Necessary  articles  may  be  procured  from  the  stores  in  the  village  by 
patients  upon  giving  an  order  on  the  Keeley  Company.  Lending  money  is 
positively  prohibited.  The  occasions  when  an  attempt  is  made  to  borrow, 
however,  are  very  rare. 

Post-Office. — The  post-office  at  Dwight  is  in  charge  of  the  Hon.  J.  B.  Par- 
sons, who  has  for  assistants  persons  who  are  in  sympathy  with  the  patients 
and  who  do  their  utmost  toward  accommodating  them.  In  many  respects 
this  post-office  is  an  anomaly.  During  a  single  month  there  may  be  from  one 
thousand  to  fifteen  hundred.changes  in  the  complexion  of  the  letter  addresses. 
From  twenty -five  to  forty  arrivals  and  departures  occur  every  day.  The 
great  bulk  of  the  mail  received  must  pass  through  the  general  delivery. 
Unlike  the  average  post-office  in  a  small  town,  the  assistants  can  never  become 
perfectly  familar  with  faces  of  persons  calling  for  mail.  There  are  received 
at  the  Dwight  Post-office  every-day  for  distribution,  hundreds  of  letters 
addressed  to  new  names.  There  are  also  deposited  in  the  post-office  numer- 
ous letters  without  any  addresses,  many  with  the  addresses  only  partially  com- 


378  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

plete  and  many  others  addressed  to  the  writers.  These  letters  are  usually 
written  within  the  three  or  four  days  after  the  arrival  of  the  patients  at 
Dwight,  when  their  minds  are  confused.  Notwithstanding  all  this,  the  letters 
addressed  to  or  addressed  by  patients,  as  a  general  rule,  reach  their  destina- 
tion. 

Railroad  Communication. — The  Chicago  &  Alton  is  the  only  railroad 
touching  Dwight  directly.  From  Chicago  take  train  at  Union  Depot,  West 
Side.  All  trains  stop  here.  From  Kansas  City  and  St.  Louis,  and  from  all 
points  on  the  Alton  system,  Dwight  may  be  reached  directly.  Pullman 
sleepers  on  all  through  trains.  Chair  cars  are  run  free.  The  Alton  Com- 
pany and  employes  pay  special  attention  to  patients  destined  for  Dwight,  and 
will  see  to  their  safety  and  comfort. 

Rules  and  Regulations. — The  following  are  the  rules  and  regulations  gov- 
erning the  course  of  treatment  at  Dwight.  In  effect  these  laws  govern  the 
treatment  at  all  branch  institutes: 

FIRST  .  No  patient  accepted  for  a  less  period  than  three  weeks'1  course  of  treatment. 
All  patients  are  required  to  register  and  arrange  all  financial  matters  with  the  treas- 
urer on  arrival.  Borrowing  or  loaning  money  between  patients  is  positively  prohibited. 

SECOND.  Stiict  regularity  must  be  observed  in  the  use  of  Remedy  every  two  hours 
during  the  day,  and  promptness  at  the  office  for1  hypodermic  ireatnfent  four  times 
daily,  viz.:  8:00  o'clock  A.  M.,  12  o'clock  noon,  5  o'clock  p.  M.,  7:30  o'clock  p.  M.  If  for 
any  good  reason  patients  are  unable  to  attend  office  treatment,  physicians  will  visit 
their  residence. 

THIRD.  The  remedy  for  internal  use  is  compounded  to  meet  individual  require- 
ments, and  all  exchanging  or  loaning  between  patients  is  interdicted. 

FOURTH.  The  use  of  tobacco  in  any  form  is  prohibited  for  fifteen  minutes  before 
and  fifteen  minutes  after  office  treatment. 

FIFTH.    Cigarette  smoking  and  gambling  will  be  punished  by  dismissal. 

SIXTH.    Baths  are  prescribed  at  least  twice  each  week. 

SEVENTH.  Patients  are  requested  to  preserve  silence  in  the  office,  while  in  line  or 
when  through  office  treatment. 

EIGHTH.  Gentlemanly  deportment  is  expected  from  nil,  and  profanity,  lewd  con- 
versation, boisterous  conduct  on  the  street,  at  hotels  or  boarding  houses,  will  be 
severely  reprimanded,  and  if  persisted  in  will  be  visited  by  prompt  expulsion. 

NINTH.  Strangers  visiting  Dwight,  as  well  as  the  residents,  must  not  be  annoyed 
in  any  manner;  and  graduates  should  be  permitted  to  take  their  departure  without 
unnecessary  demonstration. 

TENTH  .  Statements  will  be  furnished  from  the  office  at  c|ose  of  treatment,  and  all 
are  requested  to  present  complete  board  accounts  in  ample  time  for  adjustment.  All 
changes  in  boarding  locations  should  ba  promptly  reported  to  the  effice. 

ELEVENTH.  Every  patient  accepting  treatment  at  Dwight  must  comply  with  these 
rules  in  every  particular 

Rules  are  not  made  to  be  broken  at  Dwight.  Once  made  their  observ- 
ance is  imperative.  No  patient,  no  matter  who  he  may  be,  or  what  influence 
there  is  behind  him,  can  break  a  rule  with  impunity.  If  it  is  deemed  best  for  the 
good  of  his  associates,  he  is  expelled  summarily.  Dwight,  like  opportunity, 
only  knocks  once  at  a  man's  door.  If  he  fails  to  profit  by  his  experience  there 
he  can  never  return.  This  is  an  absolute  rule.  Dr.  Keely  expects  every  man 
who  visits  Dwight  for  treatment  to  be,  above  everything  else,  a  gentlemen. 
Ilis  condition,  his  clothing,  his  nativity,  his  creed,  are  not  noticed,  but  his 
conduct  is  watched  closely.  If  he  does  not  behave  himself,  once  sobered,  like 
a  man,  he  is  invited  to  leave,  and  can  never  return. 

Slang. — The  use  of  slang  phrases  in  connection  with  the  Keeley  treat- 
ment is  prohibited.  There  are  certain  expressions  which  are  particularly 
obnoxious  to  Dr.  Keeley.  There  is  one  expression,  however,  that  will  prob- 
ably outlive  all  interdiction.  It  has  come  to  be  a  word  of  general  usage  among 
the  patients  and  graduates.  The  word  is  "  shot"  and  is  used  in  connection 
with  the  hypodermic  treatment.  It  is  short,  succinct  and  expressive.  It  is 


illll    EN'CYCI.OI'KDtA.  379 

much  easier  for  a  patient  to  say,  "  I  Lave  taken  iny  shot,"  than  it  is  to  say, 
"  I  have  taken  my  hypodermic  injection."  It  is  not  used  in  a  contemptuous 
way.  The  treatment  hall  is  called  at  times  the  ' '  shot  tower  "  and  the  ' '  shoot- 
ing gallery."  Of  course,  these  expressions  are  not  used  in  the  hearing  of  Dr. 
Keeley. 

Sympathy. — No  class  of  invalids  are  so  ready  to  Deceive  sympathy  as 
those  recovering  from  the  effects  of  a  debauch,  and  none  appreciate  it  more. 
The  first  thing  the  patient  learns  at  Dwight  is  that  every  one  of  the  hundreds 
who  march  in  line  with  him  is,  like  himself,  a  being  struggling  to  escape 
from  the  slavery  of  drink.  He  soon  discovers  also  that  every  one  of  the  at- 
tending physicians  is  a  Dwight  graduate,  and  that  many  of  the  employes  of  the 
institute  have  been-cured  by  Dr.  Keeley  of  the  same  disease  that  has  brought 
him  here.  This  establishes  what  the  French  call  an  entente  cordiale  at  once. 
The  bond  of  sympathy  grows  stronger  daily.  His  story  is  not  new.  He 
does  not  feel  embarrassed.  He  visits  the  club  and  is  received  with  open  arms 
by  its  members.  There  is  no  chaffing  or  vulgar  "  guying."  He  is  surprised 
at  first  to  find  so  many  gentlemen  at  Dwight.  Later  on  he  is  more  surprised 
if  he  finds  any  one  among  his  associates  who  is  not  a  gentleman.  There  is  an 
esprit  de  corps  among  the  physicians  and  the  patients,  and  the  seven,  eight  or 
ten  hundred  men  live  together  in  perfect  peace  and  harmony. 

Taking  the  Remedy. — The  remedy  is  taken  every  two  hours.  Patients 
usually  carry  two  two-ounce  bottles.  One  of  these  contains  a  portion  of  the 
remedy  taken  from  the  bottle  supplied  by  the  Institute  which  is  too  bulky 
to  carry  around  conveniently.  The  other  is  used  as  a  "graduate,"  into 
which  is  measured  a  teaspoonful  of  the  medicine.  The  bottle  is  then  filled 
with  water.  This  constitutes  a  dose  and  the  dose  is  taken  when  due,  no  mat- 
ter where  the  patient  may  happen  to  be  at  the  time.  The  stranger  in  Dwight 
will  be  surprised  to  see  patients  during  the  progress«of  a  club  meeting,  or  a 
church  service,  or  on  the  street,  or  at  a  social  gathering,  raising  these  two- 
ounce  bottles  to  their  mouths  and  swallowing  their  medicine,  apparently 
oblivious  to  the  fact  that  they  are  in  company,  or  utterly  careless  of  it.  They 
are  at  Dwight  for  this  purpose.  It  is  the  first  thing  to  be  considered.  They 
take  their  medicine  regularly,  no  matter  where  they  are.  This  is  necessary  to 
their  cure. 

What  the  Treatment  Does. — There  is  no  claim  by  Dr.  Keeley  or  any  of  his 
patients,  present  or  past,  that  his  treatment  will  prevent  drinking.  It  will 
not  drug  a  man  out  of  a  saloon  by  the  heels.  In  many  cases  there  is  a  positive 
distaste  for  liquor.  In  others  there  is  not.  All  that  is  claimed  is  that  the 
taste  for  alcohol  is  destroyed.  The  craving  is  gone.  If,  without  any  craving-, 
a  man  desirei  to  contract  the  habit  again,  he  can  do  so,  although  in  the 
majority  of  cases  repeated  trials  are  necessary  before  the  stomach  will  retain 
a  drink  of  whisky.  The  man  is  placed  where  he  was  before  he  learned  to 
drink.  If  he  disregards  the  lesson  of  the  past,  and  if  the  sorrow  and  misery 
of  his  .years  of  drunkenness  have  made  no  impression  upon  him,  he  can  again 
become  a  drunkard,  but  he  can  never  again  be  enrolled  among  the  list  of  Dr. 
Keeley 's  patients,  for  there  is  no  use  of  curing  a  man  who  will  not  profit  by 
experience.  In  the  case  of  95  per  cent,  of  the  persons  who  leave  Dwight,  the 
cure  is  permanent.  The  other  5  per  cent,  is  made  up  chiefly,  if  not  exclu- 
sively, of  fools  who  can  not  be  taught,  and  of  very  young  men  who  have  not 
suffered  enough  to  learn  the  lesson  that  they  can  not  play  with  fire  without 
being  burned.  The  men  and  women  composing  the  95  ""•er  cent,  have  no 


380  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

more  taste  for  liquor  than  for  castor  oil  or  kerosene,  but  they  know  that 
they  are  in  that  condition  solely  through  the  treatment  they  have  received 
here  in  Dwight. 

LIBRARIES. 

/ 

The  Libraries  ofrChicago  are  keeping  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  city  ID 
other  directiocs.  There  are  many  very  large  and  valuable  private  collections 
which  it  would  be  useless  to  refer  to  here,  for  the  reason  that  they  are  not 
accessible  to  visitors  or  students.  The  leading  clubs  also  have  large  librariep, 
to  which  they  are  adding  almost  daily,  which  are  epen  only  to  members.  The 
Public  Library  is  treated  of  in  Part  II  of  this  work.  The*Newberry  Library 
will  be  in  the  near  future  one  of  the  greatest  reference  libraries  in  the  country. 
The  Crerar  Library,  provided  for  by  a  bequest  of  the  late  John  Crerar,  will 
become  a  reality  within  a  short  time.  The  varioussocieties  and  associations  of 
the  city  have  libraries,  with  collections  vary  ing  in  numbers  from  a  few  toseveral 
thousand  volumes.  The  university  and  college  libraries  are  all  large  and  are 
growing.  Following  are  the  libraries,  however,  of  most  interest  to  visitors 
and  students: 

Armour  Mission  Library. — Located  in  the  Armour  Mission,  Thirty-third 
and  Butterfield  sts.  The  library  is  growing  rapidly.  It  is  free  to  the  public, 
[See  Armour  Mission.] 

Chicago  Athenceum  Library. — Present  location  44  and  54  Dearborn  st. 
[See  Chicago  Athenaeum.]  Open  week  days  from  8  A.  M.  to  9  P.  M.  Visitors 
are  welcome. 

Chicago  Branch  of  I.  T.  and  M.  Society  Library.— The  library  of  the  Chi- 
cago Branch  of  the  International  Tract  and  Missionary  Society  is  located  at 
26  and  28  College  place. 

Chicago  Historical  Society  Library. — Located  at  142  Dearborn  ave.,  North 
Side.  President,  Edward  J.  Mason;  vice-presidents,  Gep.  W.  Smith,  A.  C. 
McClurg;  secretary  and  librarian,  John  Moses.  Open  daily  from  9  A.  M.  to  5 
p.  \c.  Take  North  Clark  st.  cable  line.  This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  at  the  same  time  one  of  the  most  neglected,  and  perhaps,  generally  speak- 
ing, the  least  known  of  the  important  institutions  thathave  grown  up  in  Chicago. 

Hyde  Park  Lyceum. — Located  at  136  Fifty-third  st.,  former  town  of 
Hyde  Park.  This  is  a  library  and  reading  room,  to  which  visitors  are 
invited. 

Illinois  Tract  Society  Library. — Located  at  26-28  College  pi.  This  library 
and  reading  room  is  conducted  by  the  Second  Adventists. 

Lincoln  St.  M.  E.  Free  Library. — Located  at  South  Lincoln  and  Ambrose 
sts. 

John  Crerar  Library,  The. — This  library,  which  at  no  very  remote  period 
will  be  one  of  the  grandest  in  Chicago,  does  not  exist  at  present,  but  is  pro- 
vided for  in  the  fiftieth  clause  of  the  will  of  the  late  John  Crerar,  a  wealthy 
merchant  of  Chicago  (who  died  in  1890),  which  reads  as  follows  :  "  Recog- 
nizing the  fact  that  I  have  been  a  resident  of  Chicago  since  1862,  and  that 
the  greater  part  of  my  fortune  has  been  accumulated  here,  and  acknowledg- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA 


381 


ing  with  hearty  gratitude  the  kindness  whfck  has  always  been  extended  to 
me  by  ray  many  friends  and  by  my  business  and  social  acquaintances 
and  associates,  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  all  the  rest,  remainder 
and  residue  of  my  estate,  both  real  and  personal,  for  the  erec- 
tion, creation,  maintenance  «O5  endowment  of  a  free  public  library 
to  be  called  '  THE  JOHN  CRE/^AR  LIBRARY,'  and  to  be  located  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  Illinois  ;  a  preference  being  given  to  the  South  Division  o^f 
the  city,  inasmuch  as  the  Newberry  library  will  be  located  in  the  North  Divi- 
sion. I  direct  that  my  executors  and  trustees  cause  an  act  of  incorporation 
under  the  laws  of  Illinois  to  be  procured  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  this 
bequest,  and  I  request  that  Norman  Williams  be  made  the  first  president 
thereof,  and  that  in  addition  to  rny  executors  and  trustees  the  following 
named  friends  of  mine  will  act  as  the  first  board  of  directors  in  such  corpora- 
tion and  aid  and  assist  my  executors  and  trustees  therein,  namely  :  Marshall 
Field,  E.  W.  Blatchford,  T.  B.  Blackstone,  Robert  T.  Lincoln,  Henry  W. 
Bishop,  Edward  G.  Mason,  Albert  Keep,  Edson  Keith,  Simon  J.  McPherson, 
John  M.  Clark  and  George  A.  Armour,  or  their  survivors.  I  desire  the  build- 
ing to  be  tasteful,  substantial  and  fire-proof,  and  that  a  sufficient  fund  be 
reserved  over  and  above  the  cost  of  its  construction  to  provide,  maintain  and 
support  a  library  for  all  time.  I  desire  the  books  and  periodicals  selected 
with  a  view  to  create  and  sustain  a  healthy  moral  and  Christian  sentiment  in 
the  community,  and  that  all  nastiness  and  immorality  be  excluded.  I  do  not 
mean  by  this  that  there  shall  not  be  anything  but  hymn  books  and  sermons, 
but  I  mean  that  *  *  *  and  all  skeptical  trash  and  works  of  questionable 
moral  tone  shall  never  be  found  in  this  library.  I  want  its  atmosphere  that 
of  Christian  refinement  and  its  aim  and  object  the  building  up  of  character, 
and  I  rest  content  that  the  friends  I  have  named  will  carry  out  my  wishes  in 
these  particulars."-  This  bequest,  it  is  estimated,  willamounttoabout$2,000,- 
000. 

Newberry  Library. — Temporarily  located  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Oak 
and  State  sts.,  North  Side.  Take  North  State  street  or  North  Clark  street 
car.  The  entire  block  bounded  by  Clark  and  Oak  streets,  Dearborn  avenue 
and  Walton  Place,  is  the  site  of  the  permanent  building,  now  being  erected. 
It  fronts  south  on  Walton  Place;  and  directly  opposite  is  Washington 
Square,  an  open  public  park.  The  building  is  three  hundred  feet  long 
and  sixty  feet  wide,  and  one  of  the  most  attractive  architectural  structures 
in  the  city.  It  has  the  capacity  of  storing  and  using  a  million  volumes. 
The  block  measures  about  67,000  feet,  and  only  a  portion  of  it  will  be  covered 
by  the  first  structure.  The  three  other  fronts  will  be  built  upon  in  the 
future  when  the  growth  of  the  library  requires  larger  accommodations.  The 
location,  known  as  the  "  Ogden  Block,"  formerly  contained  one  large  wooden 
mansion  house,  which  after  the  great  fire  oM 871  was  pointed  out  to  visitors 
as  being  the  only  building  on  the  North  Side  which  was  saved  from  the 
fire. 

A  REFERENCE  LIBRARY. — The  Newberry  Library  circulates  no  books, 
and  is  used  only  as  a  reference  library,  as  is  the  Astor  Library  of  New  York, 
the  British  Museum  of  London,  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  of  Paris,  anfl 
nearly  all  the  great  libraries  of  the  world.  Readers  use  books  only  in  the 
building,  where  the  most  ample  accommodations  will  be  furnished  when  the 
building  is  completed.  Limited  accommodations  are  now  provided  for 


382  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

readers  in  the  temporary  building.  It  is  a  public  and  free  institution  in  the 
largest  sense.  No  introductions  ror  fees  of  any  description  are  required, 
and  no  inquiries  are  made  as  to  the  place  of  the  reader's  residence.  Any  visi- 
tor from  any  quarter  of  the  globe  receives  the  same  privileges  and  attentions 
as  the  residents  of  Chicago. 

FOUNDER  OF  THE  LIBKARY. — The  founder  of  the  institution  was  Mr. 
Walter  L.  Newberry,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  on  the  North  Side,  and  a 
large  owner  of  real  estate.  By  his  will  he  endowed  it  with  property,  largely 
real  estate,  valued  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  million  dollars,  which  is  con- 
stantly increasing  in  value. 

PRESENT  COLLECTION. — As  it  is  a  new  library,  and  as  yet  without  a  per- 
manent building,  the  interest  attached  to  it  pertains  more  to  its  future  develop- 
ment than  to  its  present  acquisition.  The  purchase  of  books  begun  about 
four  years  ago  in  limited  quantities.  The  collection  now  numbers  about  80,- 
000  volumes,  and  is  chiefly  in  the  line  of  scientific  and  scholarly  works; 
scarcely  any  attention  has  been  given  to  what  is  termed  popular  reading,  inas- 
much as  the  Chicago  Public  Library  freely  supplies  this  class  of  literature. 
The  chief  aim  has  been  to  procure  works  which  other  libraries  do  not  supply. 
Its  department  of  bibliography  is  very  full,  and  one  of  the  best  in  the  coun- 
try. It  has  made  a  specialty  of  music,  and  has  the  scores  of  all  the  great 
masters.  Its  collection  of  oratorios,  operas  and  cantatas  is  very  large;  and 
Avorks  on  the  history,  theory  and  science  of  music,  the  biographies  of  musi- 
cians and  the  history  of  musical  instruments  are  quite  complete.  The 
antiquities  of  music  are  very  fully  represented  in  a  valuable  library  purchased 
entire  in  Florence,  Italy,  in  which  is  the  first  opera  ever  publicly  performed, 
and  was  printed  in  Florence  in  1600.  Mr.  Theodore  Thomas  and  Mr.  Walter 
Damrosch  say  this  is  the  laigest  and  most  valuable  musical  library  in  the 
country. 

RECENT  ACQUISITIONS — Good  progress  has  been  made  in  procuring  com- 
plete sets  of  the  rare  and  expensive  scientific  serials  of  Europe.  Recently  the 
valuable  private  library  of  a  gentleman  in  Cincinnati  has  been  purchased, 
who  had  been  a  zealous  collector  of  the  earliest  editions  of  classical  writers,  of 
Shakespeare,  Dante,  Petrarch  and  others,  of  the  early  printers  before  ir>00,  of 
elegant  illustrated  works,  and  art-bindings  from  the  time  of  Grolier  to  that 
of  Trantz-Bauzonnet  and  Bedford.  When  the  new  building  is  completed  an 
exhibition  of  art  book  binding  can  be  made  which  will  be  most  interesting. 

The  Trustees  are  E.  W.  Blatchford  and  Wm.  H.  Bradley,  and  the  libra- 
rian, Wm.  F.  Poole,  L.D. 

Pullman  Public  Library. — Located  at  73  and  75  Arcade  Building,  Pull- 
man. [See  Pullman.] 

Ravenswood  Public  Library  .-^Loc&ieA  at  Commercial  and  Salger  sis., 
Ravenswood.  [See  Ravenswood.] 

South  Chicago  Public  Library. — Located  in  the  Bowen  School  Building, 
Ninety-third  st.  and  Houston  ave. 

Union  Catholic  Library. — Located  at  94  Dearborn  st.  Conducted  by 
the  Catholic  Library  Association:  founded  in  1868.  Present  membership 
31'),  number  of  volumes  2.500.  Officers:  Charles  T.  Mais,  president;  John  E. 
Murphy,  vice-president;  Frank  II.  Graham,  recording  secretary.  The  library 
rooms  are  fitted  up  comfortably.  Tt  ere  is  seating  capacity  for  almost  four 
hundred  persons.  The  Association  is  constantly  adding  to  the  number  of 
volumes  on  the  shelves  of  its  library.  Open  from  12  M.  to  6  P.  M.  Sundays 
from  3  to  6  P.  M. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA..  383 

Western  New  Church  Library. — Located  at  17  Van  Buren  st.    Open  9 

A.  M.  tO  5  P.  M. 

Wheeler  Library. — Located  at  1113  Washington  blvd.,  in  Western  Theo- 
logical Seminar}-. 

[For  other  libraries,  see  "  Clubs,"  "  Educational  Institutions, "etc.] 

LIFE-SAVING  STATIONS. 

Chicago  Life- Saving  Station. — Northwest  corner  of  the  harbor,  upon 
iiJinois  Central  railroad  land.  It  occupies  40  by  75  feet.  This  Ration  is 
looked  upon  here  and  at  Washington  as  being  a  disgrace  to  the  service.  Plans 
are  formed  which  will  shortly  give  Chicago  the  finest  life-saving  station  in  the 
world.  The  Superintendent  of  the  Life-Saving  Service  is  strongly  in  favor  of 
the  improvement.  Capt.  T.  St.  Peter  commanding. 

Evanston  Life-Saving  Station. — Located  on  the  lake  shore  of  the  suburb 
of  Evauston,  on  the  Northwestern  University  grounds.  The  crew  is  com- 
posed of  students  of  the  University,  and  is  commanded  by  Captain  Lawrence 
O.  Lawson,  an  experienced  seaman.  The  crew  consists  of  the  following,  the 
classes  from  which  they  will  graduate  being  indicated:  Stroke,  F.  M.  Kindig, 
'92;  No.  2,  E.  B.  Fowler,  '93;  No.  3,  W.  M.  Ewing,  '93;  No.  4,  J.  A.  Loin- 
ing,  '95;  No.  5,  W.  L.  Wilson,  '92;  No.  6,  R.  N.  Holt,  '93;  No.  7.  W.  W.  Wil- 
kinson, '94.  Theaverage  age  of  the  members  of  thecrew  is  twenty  two  years, 
but  they  are  all  sturdy,  muscular,  well-formed  and  fearless  young  men.  The 
Evanston  life-saving  station  has  long  been  recognizi  d  by  the  naval  board  as 
one  of  the  finest,  best-drilled  stations  in  the  country.  It  has  an  enviable  record, 
having  saved  and  assisted  to  shore  over  two  hundred  and  forty-five  human 
beings.  In  1889  the  station  did  more  work  and  saved  more  lives  (or,  as 
modest  Captain  Lawson  puts  it,  "assisted  ashore  more  people")  than  all  the 
twenty -two  stations  on  the  lakes  accomplished  in  ihe  two  previous  years,  and 
more  lives  were  saved  that  year  by  the  Evanston  crew  than  any  other  station 
in  the  country,  except  the  one  at  Lewes,  Del.  The  wonder  and  admiration 
increases  when  the  youth  of  the  life-savers  is  considered  and  the  fact  known 
that,  excepting  two  who  come  from  Chicago,  all  are  from  inland  towns  of  the 
West — Illinois,  Michigan  and  Icdiana.  When  not  pursuing  their  regular 
course  of  studies  at  the  University,  these  student  life  savers  are  occupied  in 
drilling  with  the  beach  apparatus,  with  the  lifeboat,  and  in  patrolling  the 
beach.  On  Tuesday  they  drill  with  the  boats;  Wednesday  is  occupied  in 
practicing  the  international  code  of  signals  with  flags  ;  Thursday  the  beach 
apparatus,  with  its  Lyle  line  gun,  breeches  buoy  and  tackle,  is  taken  out;  on 
Friday  the  men  go  through  the  movements  of  resuscitation,  or  reviving  per- 
sons nearly  drowned;  Saturday  is  housecleaning  day;  Sunday,  church;and 
Monday,  a  day  of  rest.  This  is  a  regular  U.  S.  Government  station,  the  men 
doing  the  same  work  and  receiving  the  same  salaries  as  the  other  lake  stations. 

LIGHTHOUSES. 

Chicago  Light.— Chicago  light  is  located  on  the  inner  pier,  north  side  of 
Chicago  river;  was  established  in  1859;  is  a  third  order  fixed  white  light, 
in  a  black  skeleton  iron  tower;  visible  sixteen  miles.  This  is  the  principal 
one  of  seven  lights  maintained  by  the  government  as  aids  to  navigation  near 


384  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  river,  The  harbor  here  is  the  most  important  on 
the  lakes,  with  a  greater  average  number  of  daily  arrivals  and  departures 
during  the  season  of  navigation  than  any  other  in  the  United  States.  This 
city  is  in  the  ninth  light-house  district,  with  Commander  Charles  E.  Clark, 
United  States  Navy,  as  inspector,  and  Major  William  Ludlow,  of  the  Corps 
of  Engineers,  United  States  Army,  as  engineer.  The  eleventh  district  for- 
merly embraced  the  three  great  lakes — Michigan,  Huron,  and  up  to  the 
national  line  of  Superior.  The  ninth  is  a  division  of  the  eleventh  district.  It 
includes  all  aids  to  navigation  on  Lake  Michigan,  Green  Bay  and  tributary 
waters  lyjng  west  of  a  line  drawn  across  the  Straits  of  Mackinac  at  the  nar- 
rowest part  east  of  McGulpin's  Point  light  station.  Since  the  boundary  of  the 
district  was  established  a  fog  signal  has  been  placed  at  Old  Mackinac  Point, 
in  the  Straits,  which  is  also  included  in  the  ninth  district. 

Orib  and  Breakwater  Lights. — There  are  twolightson  the  old  breakwater, 
both  established  in  1876;  one  of  these,  the  south  light,  is  a  fifth  order  light, 
and  the  north  is  a  lens  lantern.  At  the  new  break  water  there  are  three  lights, 
tubular  lanterns,  tended  by  two  laborers.  The  light  on  the  old  north  pier  is 
a  sixth  order  light,  and  has  a  fog  bell  struck  by  machinery.  Calumet  light, 
at  South  Chicago,  is  on  the  outer  end  of  the  pier  north  of  Calumet  river, 
eleven  miles  southeast  of  Chicago  breakwater.  It  is  a  fourth  order  light,  red, 
thirty-three  feet  above  lake  level,  and  is  visible  about  twelve  miles.  It  was 
established  in  1873.  Formerly  it  was  in  a  tower  rising  above  a  structure  on 
shore,  but  was  in  1876  removed  to  its  present  quarters,  which  is  fully  a  mile 
out  on  the  pier.  A  beacon  light  is  established  at  the  old  Crib.  This  light- 
house is  provided  and  maintained  by  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Grosse  Point  Light.  —The  best  light  and  light-house  near  Chicago  is  that 
at  Grosse  Point,  just  north  of  Evanston.  It  was  established  in  1873,  and  as  it 
now  stands  complete  has  probably  cost  the  Government  more  than  $100,000, 
in  addition  to  the  expense  of  maintenance.  Grosse  Point  light  is  a  second 
order,  fixed  white  coast  light,  varied  by  a  red  flash  every  three  minutes, 
theregularity  of  the  flashes  being  controlled  by  clock-work.  The  "lantern" 
is  a  prismatic  lens,  equaling  in  power  163  candles,  and  this  feature  of  the 
outfit  alone  cost  $15,000.  The  tower,  from  the  water's  level  to  the  center  of 
the  lens,  is  120  feet,  being  built  of  brick  and  having  ninety-nine  piles  placed 
beneath  the  stone  foundation. 

MILITARY. 

in  Chicago  are  located  the  headquarters  of  the  Military  Department  of 
the  Missouri.  The  U.  S.  Military  offices  are  located  in  the  Pullman  building, 
southwest  corner  of  Michigan  ave.  and  Adams  street,  Lake  Front.  General 
Phjlip  H.  Sheridan  was  for  many  years  the  Division  Commander  here.  He 
was  followed  by  Genls.  Schofield,  Terry  and  Crooke.  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles 
is  now  the  commanding  officer.  The  Department  of  the  Missouri  embraces 
the  States  of  Michigan,  Wisconsin.  Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Kansas  and 
Arkansas,  and  Oklahoma  and  the  Indian  territories. 

U.  S.  OFFICERS  IN  CHICAGO. — The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


385 


United  States  officers  stationed  in  this  city,  together  with  their  places  of  resi- 
dence. 


- 

RESIDENCE. 

Maj.  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles  
Capt  Eli  L   Huygius  

U.  S.  A  
2dCav  
1st  Inf  
A.  G.  Dept. 
I.  G.  Dept 
9th  Inf  

Commanding  Dept. 
Aide-de-camp  
Aide-de-camp    
As?t.  Adjt.  Gen'l  .. 
Inspector  Gen'l  
Asst.  to  Insp.  Gen'l 
Act'g  Judge  Adv  .  . 
Chief  Qr.  Master  . 
Chief  Com.  of  Sub. 
Medical  Director. 
Chief  Paymaster.  .  . 
Engineer  Officer  
I.  S.  A.  Practice 

The  Virginia. 
The  Virginia. 
The  Virginia. 
The  Virginia. 
105  Pine  street. 
430  N.  Clark  street. 
130  Pine  street. 
410  Oak  street. 
68  Bellevue  Place. 
The  Virginia. 
The  Virginia. 
4138  Lake  ave. 
430  N.  State  street. 
483  "A"  LaSalleave. 
3  Tower  Place, 
136  Judson  ave*. 

Capt.  Marion  P.  Maus  
Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  C.  McKeever.. 
Col.  Edward  M.  Heyl  

Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.  Edmund  Rice 
Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  J.  D.  Bingham 
Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  M.  R.  Morgan 
Col.  Bernard  J.  D.  Irwin  .. 
Col.  Win.  A.  Rucker  —   . 
Capt.  Wm.  L.  Marshall     . 
Capt   Prank  D.  Baldwin  .  . 

5th  Inf  
Q.  M.  Dept  . 
Sub.  Dept... 
Med.  Dept.. 
Pay  Dept.  ... 
Corps  Eng's. 
5th  Inf 

Maj.  Gilbert  C.  Smith  
Lieut,  Col.  Ely  McCleilan.  . 
Major,  George  W.  Candee. 
Lieut.  Col.  Thos.C.  Sullivan    . 
Capt.  Edward  G.  Mathey  ... 
Capt  .  A  It'red  Morton  

Q  M.  Dept.. 
Med.  Dept.. 
Pay  Dept  .  .  . 
Sub.  Dept... 
7th  Cav..   .. 
9th  Inf  

Asst.  to  C.Quar'm'r 
Attending  Surgeon. 
Paymaster  ... 

Depot  Com.  Sub.  .  . 

Recruiting  Officer.  . 
Recruiting  Officer  .  . 

4040  Vincennes  ave. 
760,  67th  street. 

*  Evanston,  Illinois. 

FT.  SHERIDAN. — A  United  States  military  post,  situated  on  the  Milwaukee 
Division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  railroad,  twenty-five  miles  or  about 
one  hour's  ride  from  the  city.  Take  train  at  Wells  St.  depot,  Wells  and  Kin- 
zie  streets,  North  Side.  The  situation  of  the  fort,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  is  very  beautiful. "  During  the  labor  troubles  of  1887,  and  the  riots 
and  disturbances  of  that  year,  the  attention  of  the  government  was  called  to 
the  necessity  of  establishing  a  military  post  near  Chicago,  from  which  a  suf- 
ficient force  might  be  summoned  in  case  of  emergency,  to  assist  in  the  main- 
tenance of  order,  or  in  quelling  unusual  disturbances.  The  result  of  the 
movement  in  Chicago  was  the  purchase,  by  voluntary  subscription,  of  a  mag- 
nificent tract  of  land,  situated  twenty-five  miles  north  of  the  Court  House, 
quickly  accessible  by  railroads  and  comprising  500  acres.  The  immediate 
proximity  of  Lake  Michigan  as  well  as  the  topographical  features  of  this  tract 
made  it  specially  available  for  the  permanent  abode  of  a  considerable  military 
force.  This  land  was  made  a  free  gift  to  the  National  Government  on  condi- 
tion that  a  permanent  military  post  be  established  on  it.  The  Government 
accepted  this  proposition,  and  a  provisional  camp  was  almost  immediately 
erected,  and  two  companies  of  the  Sixth  Infantry  were  stationed  there.  Since 
then,  numerous  permanent  buildings,  officers'  quarters,  barracks,  guard  house, 
mess  houses,  stables,  etc.,  have  been  erected. 

Fort  Sheridan  is  commanded  by  Col.  Robert  E.  A.  Crofton,  of  the  15th  In- 
fantry. The  troops  stationed  there  at  present  are  the  15th  Regiment  of  Infantry 
and  Light  Battery  E,  of  the  1st  Regiment  of  Artillery.  The  officers  stationed  at 
th«  fort  are»as  follows:  Colonel  It.  E.  A.  Crofton,  Lieut-Col.  S.  Ovenshine, 
Major  C.  M.  Bailey,  1st  Lieut.  J.  A.  Mancy,  r.  qm.,  1st  Lieut.  G.  F.  Cooke,  adjt. 
h'dqrs  15th  inf. ;  Captain  A.  Capron,  1st.  Lieut.  A.  Todd,  1st  Lieut.  J.  L.  Cham- 
berlain, 2d  Lieut.  J.  L.  Hayden,  2d  Lieut.  D.  Skerrett,  Light  Battery  E,  1st  art.; 
Captain  H.  R.  Brinkerhoff,  1st  Lieut.  J.  Cotter,  3d  Lieut.  W.  H.  Bertsch, 
Co.  A,  15th  inf.;  Captain  E.  S.  Chapin,  1st  Lieut.  W.  T.May,  2d  Lieut.  R.  L. 
Bush,  Co.  B.  15th  inf.;  Captain  C.  H.  Conrad,  1st  Lieut.  E.  Lloyd,  2d  Lieut 


386  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

H.  J.  Hunt,  Co.  C,  15th  inf.;  Captain  W.  D.  Hartz,  1st  Lieut.  A.  R.  Paxton, 
2d  Lieut.  H.  J.  Hirsch,  Co.  D,  15th  inf.;  Captain  H.  H.  Humphrey 
1st  Lieut,  B.  C.  Welsh,  2d  Lieut.  M.  Maxwell,  Co.  E,  15th  inf.;  Captain  A. 
Hedberg,  1st  Lieut.  S.  S.  Pague,  2d  Lieut.  H.  L.  Jackson,  Co.  F,  15th  inf.; 
Captain  G.  A.  Cornish,  1st  Lieut.  W.  F.  Blauvelt,  2d  Lieut.  J.  Mitchell,  Co. 
G,  loih  inf.;  Captain  C.  McKibbin,  1st  Lieut.  T.  F.  Davis,  Co.  H,  15th  inf.; 
Captain  G.  K.  McGunnegJe,  1st  Lieut.  D.  D.  Mitchell,  2d  Lieut.  R.  C. 
Williams,  Co.  I,  15th  inf. ;  Captain  S.  R.  Stafford,  1st  Lieut,  W.  N.  Blow,  Jr., 
Co.  K,  Major  A.  C.  Girard,  surgeon;  1st  Lieut.  C.  F.  Kieffer,  assistant 
surgeon;  H.  L.  Raskin,  Acting-Assistant  Surgeon. 

Captain  Francis  B.  Jones,  assistant  quartermaster  U.  S.  army,  is  in  charge 
of  construction  of  public  buildings  at  the  post.  When  the  new  buildings  are 
all  completed  about  600  men  will  be  permanently  stationed  at  Fort  Sheridan. 
The  work  has  progressed  far  enough  to  make  the  post  worthy  of  a  visit. 

Rock  MandArsenal. — Take  Chicago  and  Rock  Island  Railway.  Located 
on  a  beautiful  island  in  the  Mississippi  river,  midway  in  its  course  between 
St.  Louis  and  St.  Paul,  and  set  between  the  flourishing  cities  of  Moline,  Dav- 
enport, and  Rock  Island,  it  commands  a  position  which  may  be  called  strate- 
getical  int'ue  facilities  possessed  for  the  rapid  distribution  of  supplies. 

For  a  quarter  of  a  century  thearsenal  has  been  in  a  state  of  absolute  peace. 
The  meager  government  appropriations  have  been  chitfly  expended  in  beau- 
tifying the  domain,  in  carrying  out  the  chimerical  or  impracticable  schemes 
for  utilizing  the  water  power,  or  in  erecting  great  rows  of  massive  stone 
buildings,  which  have  never  been  put  to  their  designed  uses  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  the  implements  of  war.  But  the  island  has  been  a  perpetual  delight 
in  its  free  uses  as  a  pleasure  park.  During  the  war  theisland  was  used  as  a 
military  prison,  and  from  1863  to  the  close  of  the  war  upwards  of  12,000  Con- 
federate soldiers  were  confined  there.  Of  that  number  2,000  died  and  were 
buried  nn  the  island,  but  no  mound  or  stone  marked  the  place  where  they 
rest.  The  ground  has  all  been  leveled  off,  the  very  spot  is  well  nigh  lost,  and 
their  lives  have  been  merged  into  the  indistinguishable  woof  of  the  eternal 
life.  Scrupulously  cared  for  by  a  small  detachment  the  great  arsenal  needs 
only  the  encouragement  of  liberal  appropriation  and  the  incentive  of  military 
necessity  to  start  into  vigorous  life  and  make  it  the  depot  for  an  enormous 
traffic  in  the  production  of  arms  and  accoutrements  for  an  army  in  the  field. 

Illinois  National  Guard. — The  report  of  Adjutant-General  Jasper  N. 
Reece.  for  1891,  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  shows  the  aggregate  strength  of  the 
Illinois  National  Guard  to  be  4,389,  officers  and  enlisted  men,  armed  and 
^uipped  for  active  service  with  the  same  rifles  and  accoutrements  as  the 
regular  establishment.  The  military  force  of  the  State  is  in  a  satisfactory 
state  of  discipline  and  efficiency,  and  will  be  found  competent  to  successfully 
compete  with  any  emergency  that  may  arise.  The  adoption  of  the  new 
system  of  drill  regulations  for  the  regular  army  and  the  militia  of  the 
United  States  has  made  it  necessary  for  all  officers  and  men  to^gain  enter 
the  ABC  class  of  military  instruction;  but  the  energetic,  voluntary  appli- 
cation of  the  members  of  the  military  force  of  the  State  to  master  the  lessons 
thus  prescribed  by  the  commander-in-chief  will  soon  make  the  new  drill 
regulations  as  familiar  to  our  companies  and  regiments  as  was  "Upton"  in 
its  time.  The^Illinois  National  Guard  is  now  the  holder  of  the  celebrated 
Washburn  trophy,  which  was  won  after  a  most  exciting  and  close  contest,  in 
1891,  by  the  following  score:  Illinois,  2,677;  Wisconsin,  2,669;  Minnesota, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  387 

2,582,  and  Iowa,  2,538.  This  trophy  will  be  contested  for  again  this  year. 
The  Governor  of  the  State  is  commauder-in-chief  of  the  Illinois  National 
Guard  under  the  law.  Brigadier-General  Jasper  N.  Heece,  is  adjutant- 
general,  and  ex-officio  quartermaster-general,  commissary-general,  chief  of 
ordnance  and  chief  of-  staff.  Brigadiers-General  Charles  Fitz  Simons  com- 
mands the  First  brigade,  with  headquarters  at  room  910  Pullman  building, 
The  First  infantry  (Colonel  Charles  R.  E.  Koch,  commanding)  is  located  in  its 
magnificent  armory,  corner  Michigan  boulevard  and  Sixteenth  street.  The 
Second  infantry  (Colonel  Louis  S.  Judd,  commanding)  has  two  battalions  on 
Washington  boulevard,  West  Side,  and  one  battalion  in  the  armory,  135 
Michigan  avenue.  Battery  D  (four  12  Ib.  Napoleons  and  four  rapid  tiring 
Gaitliug  guns),  Captain  E.  P.  Tobey,  commanding,  is  located  in  its  armory 
on  the  Lake  front.  Cavalry  Troop  A,  Captain  Paul  B.  Lino,  commanding, 
is  quartered  in  the  Second  infantry  armory,  135  Michigan  avenue;  and 
Company  C,  Third  infantry,  Captain  Thomas  Ford,  commanding,  have  their 
hone  with  Bittery  D.  Colonel  Wm.  S.  Brackett,  inspector-general, 
Jefferson  Hodgkin,  William  H.  Rose,  E.  S.  Weeden  and  Charles  P.  Bryan, 
aids-de  camp  on  the  Governor's  staff,  all  reside  in  Chicago. 

A  board  of  officers  has  been  created  to  inaugurate  and  carry  to  a  success- 
ful conclusion  an  inter-national  rifle  competition  during  the  progresi  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  1893. 

FIRST  BRIGADE,  GENERAL  AND  STAFF. — Headquarters  Pullman  building, 
cor.  Michigan  avenue  and  Adams  street.;  Brigadier-General  Charles  Fitz 
Simons,  commanding;  Asa't  Adj't  General,  Lieut.  Col.  Henry  B.  Maxwell ; 
Ass't  Inspector  General,  Lieut.  Col.  F.  Ziegfeld;  Judge  Advocate,  Lieut.  Col. 
Farlin  Q.  Ball;  Inspector  Rifle  Practice,  Lieut.  Col.  E.  A.  Potter;  Surgeon, 
Major  John  W.  Streeter;  Quartertttaster,  Capt.  Horace  Tucker;  Adjt.  Com- 
missary Subsistence,  Capt.  Edward  T.  Glennon;  Aides,  Lieut  Geo.  T.  Love- 
joy,  F.  O.  Bartlett. 

First  Regiment  I.  N.  &. — Organized  in  August,  1874.  At  the  first 
meeting  held  in  behalf  of  the  undertaking  forty-eight  men  enrolled  them- 
selves. In  January,  1875,  having  grown  into  seven  companies,  the  regiment 
took  quarters  on  Lake  street,  adopted  its  uniform — the  same  it  wears  to-day — 
and  received  its  equipment  of  arms  from  Springfield;  In  February  of  that  year 
the  regiment  was  assembled  and  bivouacked  in  the  armory  during  the  Relief  and 
Aid  Society  riotous  demonstration.  On  May  13th  it  made  its  first  public  appear- 
ance with  520  men  in  line.  Since  that  day  its  popularity  has  never  waned.  In 
1877,  during  the  railroad  riots,  the  regiment  twice  dispersed  mobs  at  the  point 
of  the  bayonet  without  firing  a  shot.  In  1878  the  First  removed  to  itsarmory  on 
Jackson  street.  During  the  riots  of  November,  1886,  at  the  Union  Stock 
yards  and  other  points  in  the  city  the  regiment  was  called  into  service  to 
quell  disorder.  Since  then  its  history  has  been  one  of  peace  and  continued 
prosperity.  The  enrollment  at  present  is  650  men.  Upon  the  rolls  of  the 
regiment  is  no  small  number  of  names  which  have  won  renown  on  bloody 
fields.  Among  its  past  commanders  are:  Gen.  Alexander  C.  McClurg,  Col. 
George  R.  Davis,  Col.  Edgar  D.  Swain,  Gen.  Charles  Fitz  Simons,  and  the 
late  Col.  Edward  B.  Kupx,  who,  after  exemplifying  his  patriotism  on  the 
battle-fields  of  Gettysuurg  and  Spotisylvaniu.  and  utter  having  lived  the  life 
of  a  pure,  upright  man  of  peace,  rests,  his  warfare  over  forever.  Charles  R.  E. 


388  GUIDK   TO  CHICAGO. 

Koch,  the  present  colonel  commanding  the  First,  is  in  appearance  the  essence 
of  chivalry  and  soldiership.  Like  his  predecessors,  he  is  a  war  veteran,  and, 
aided  by  his  experience,  makes  the  best  of  officers.  In  the  business  conduct 
of  the  regiment  he  is  untiling  and  successful.  Behind  him,  loyal,  devoted 
and  enthusiastic,  the  First  stands  a  solid  unit.  Henry  Lathrop  Turner,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, saw  service  during  the  war  before  Richmond,  at  Fair  Oaks, 
Fort  Fislier,  and  elsewhere,  as  a  first  lieutenant,  regimental  adjutant,  and  as 
aid-de-camp  on  a  brigade  staff,  lu  peace  he  has  achieved  some  prominence 
as  a  writer.  He  has  been  president  of  the  real  estate  board  and  is  a  trustee  of 
Oberlin  College,  the  institution  from  which  he  graduated.  Maj.  Taylor  E. 
Brown  rendered  valuable  aid  in  the  collection  of  the  new  armory  fund.  Maj. 
Charles  Adams,  of  the  Cook  County  Hospital,  is  regimental  surgeon.  Capt. 
Chas.  G.  Fuller  is  regimental  surgeon.  Capt.  Henry  Sherry,  a  well-known 
M.  D.,  assistant  surgeon.  Capt.  W.  L.  DeRemer,  adjutant,  is  a  crack  shot. 
Capt.  Charles  G.  Bolte,  inspector  of  rifle  practice,  a  Canadian  by  birth,  is  a 
faithful  officer.  The  First  regiment,  with  its  membership  drawn  from  the 
best  young  manhood  of  Chicago,  with  its  enterprise  and  its  success,  is  a  credit 
to  the  city  and  deserves  the  good  words  and  support  of  citizens.  Its  colors 
are  not  emblazoned  with  the  record  of  battles  won  and  campaigns  endured. 
Scarcely  any  military  body  of  the  world  to-day  in  its  personnel  can  boast  of 
much  service.  When  duty  has  called,  the  First  has  been  ready  and  has  re- 
sponded. The  possibilities  of  military  usefulness  the  regiment  can  claim, 
the  elements  of  good  citizenship,  patriotism,  soldiery  training  need  but  cir- 
cumstances demanding  action  to  make  for  it  a  record  of  heroism. 

FIELD  AND  STAFF  OFFICERS.— Colonel,  Chas.  R.  E.  Koch;  Lieut. -colonel, 
Henry  L.  Turner;  majors,  Taylor  E.  Brown,  Elliott  Durand,  Joseph  B.  San- 
born;  surgeon.  Major  Chas.  G.  Fuller;  Asst.  surgeon,  Capt.  Henry  Sherry; 
adjutant,  Capt.  W.  L.  DeRemer;  quartermaster,  First  Lieut.  A.  L.  Bell; 
inspector  rifle  practice,  Capt  Chas.  G.  Bolte;  chaplain,  Rev.  H.  W.  Thomas; 
Co.  A,  Capt.  Benj.  F.  Patrick,  Jr.;  Co.  B,  Capt.  Edward  R.  Gilman;  Co.  C, 
Capt.  Geo.  W.  Ford;  Co.  I),  Capt.  J,  H.  Barnett;  Co.  E,  Capt.  Wm.  F. 
Knoch;  Co.  F,  Capt.  J.  H.  Eddy;  Co.  G,  Capt.  Geo.  W.  Bristol;  Co.  H, 
Capt.  Edward  C.  Young;  Co.  I,  Capt.  F.  W.  Chenoweth;  Co.  K,  Lieut. 
Henry  J.  Moore  commanding;  Co.  L,  Capt.  Edgar  B.  Tolman;  Co.  M,  Capt. 
Edward  H.  Switzer. 

Standing  and  Personnel  of  the  Regiment. — The  First  Regiment  is  composed 
principally  of  young  men  who  have  a  taste  for  military  duties  and  a  love  of 
military  discipline.  They  represent,  in  many  instances,  the  oldest  and  Lest 
families  of  Ctiicago.  In  a  city  like  Chicago  there  is  no  distinctive  "  leisure 
class."  Everybody  is  employed  in  some  department  of  life.  The  unem- 
ployed are  the  exception,  particularly  the  voluntarily  unemployed.  No  man 
is  so  rich  that  he  does  not  feel  the  necessity  of  making  provision  for  his  sons, 
beyond  that  which  is  stipulated  in  his  will.  The  changes  of  fortune  are 
too  frequent  and  too  sudden  not  to  impress  the  wealthiest  with  i«he  fact 
that  wealth  is  fleeting  in  this  city.  Hence  the  foreign  visitor  will  be 
compelled  to  make  a  distinction  here  which  he  is  apt  to  overlook  in 
his  own  country.  No  estate  is  protected  by  the  law  of  entailment, 
and  the  heir  of  a  millionaire  may  be  compelled  some  time  in  life  to 
step  into  one  of  the  professions  or  into  a  mercantile  pursuit,  to  insure 
a  respectable  living.  It  is  well  for  him  if  he  have  the  talent  and  thfi 
training  that  will  qualify  him  for  either.  So  when  "best  families"  arc 


»  THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  389 

( 

spoken  of,  families  of  respectability  are  meant,  not  families  of  wealth. 
The  First  Regiment  is  composed  of  young  men,  then,  who  represent  families 
of  respectability,  and  who  are,  generally  speaking,  regarded  as  respectable 
themselves.  From  a  society  point  of  view  the  First  Regiment  stands  high. 
From  a  military  point  of  view  the  regiment  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best 
in  the  country.  It  has  been  put  to  severe  tests  at  times,  and  has  never  yet 
acquitted  itself  discreditably.  It  must  be  remembered  that  a  sense  of  honor 
alone  holds  the  regiment  together  in  times  of  public  tumult. 

NEW  ARMORY. — Located  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Sixteenth  street  and 
Michigan  avenue.  Take  Wabash  avenue  cable  line.  First  occupied  by  the 
Regiment,  Sept.  17,  1891,  in  celebration  of  the  seventh  anniversary  of  the 
completion  of  the  Regimental  organization.  It  is  perhaps  the  most  mas- 
sive structure  in  Chicago.  Heavy  stone  work  rises  on  each  of  the  four 
sides  to  the  height  of  thirty-five  feet,  and  is  unbroken  save  by  the  warlike 
sally  port,  through  which  an  army  might  march  in  company  front.  This 
great  doorway  is  in  feeling  with  the  strength  and  beauty  of  the  whole.  An 
arch  in  form,  it  spreads  at  the  base  forty  feet  and  supports  a  keystone  thirty- 
five  feet  above  the  sidewalk.  The  massive  oak  and  steel  portcullis,  suggesting 
memories  of  a  mediaeval  fortress,  rests  back  of  the  embrasures  in  the  thick- 
ness of  the  walls,  protected  by  firing  slots  on  both  sides.  Above  the 
stonework  the  walls  are  built  into  battlements,  and  four  turrets  at  the  corners. 
Consonant  With  the  design  of  the  armory  the  windows  are  narrow  and 
strengthened  by  steel  and  iron,  being  but  well-guarded  ports  for  riflemen. 
An  enfilading  fire  can  be  directed  throughout  the  force  of  each  of  the  four 
sides  of  the  structure,  and  a  force  entering  the  armory  for  refuge  need  fear 
nothing  smaller  than  heavy  artillery. 

The  architects,  Burnham  &  Root,  have  also  achieved  a  notable  success  in 
the  interior  arrangements.  The  space  covered  by  the  building,  one  hundred 
and  sixty-four  by  one  hundred  and  seventy-four  feet  gave  room* for  a  very 
large  drill  hall  on  the  first  floor.  It  is  surrounded  by  galleries  for  visitors 
and  contains  the  stairways  reaching  to  the  second  floor,  where  are  the 
quarters  of  the  field  and  staff,  with  separate  and  well  arranged  apartments 
for  the  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  adjutant  and  their  orderlies,  for  the 
majors,  quartermasters  and  orderlies,  the  surgeons  and  orderlies  and  the 
chaplain.  Opening  on  the  wide  gallery  are  the  company  quarters  and  above 
the  squad  drill  rooms.  There  is  also  a  banquet  hall,  thirty  by  fifty  feet,  at 
the  west  end  of  the  building,  and  on  the  third  floor  quarters  for  non- 
commissioned officers  and  orderlies  attached  to  special  service,  a  vetrans' 
room,  a  gymnasium  and  a  drum  corps'  room.  Everything  is  in  brick,  stone, 
heavy  dark  oak  and  iron. 

The  armory,  which  is  the  best  building  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States, 
was  built  largely  by  subscription,  and  will  be  cared  for  by  a  board  of  trustees, 
consisting  of  A.  G  Van  Schaick,  president;  Colonel  C.  R.  E.  Koch,  vice- 
president;  C.  L.  Hutchinson,  treasurer;  Lieutenant  colonel  Henry  L. 
Turner,  secretary;  J.  J.  Mitchell,  Lieutenant  A.  L.  Bell  and  H.  H.  Kohlsaat. 
Marshall  Field,  with  his  usual  princely  generosity,  gave  the  regiment  a 
ninety-nine  years'  lease  of  the  ground  the  building  stands  on  at  a  mere 
nominal  rental.  The  gift  amounts  to  fully  half  a  million  dollars. 

BATTERY  D,  FIRST  ARTILLERY. — Armory  located  at  present  on  Michigan 
avenue,  north  of  Exposition  Building.  Captain,  E.  P.  Tobey;  First  Lieut., 
F.  S.  Allen;  Second,  Alfred  Russell;  Junior  Second  Lieutenant,  Wm.  M. 
Austin. 


390 


GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 


Second  Regiment  I.N.  G. — This  regiment  was  oganized  in  1875.  Armories 
located  at  Washington  boulevard  and  Curtis  street,  and  135  Michigan  avenue. 
This  regiment  was  originally  composed  of  ten  companies,  and  its  first  colo- 
nel was  James  Quirk.  A  few  years  later,  owing  to  the  reduction  of  the 
militia  by  the  legislature,  the  Second  was  consolidated  with  the  Sixth  bat- 
talion, and  the  colonelcy  was  contested  by  the  commandants  of  the  respect- 
ive organizations,  Col.  Quirk,  of  the  old  Secoad,  and  Col.  W.  H.  Thompson, 
of  the  Sixth,  and,  after  a  spirited  campaign,  the  honor  fell  to  Col.  Thomp- 
son. The  regiment  under  Col.  Thompson  had  varying  fortunes.  In  1884  he 
resigned,  and  Col.  Harris  A.  Wheeler  was  elected  to  the  command.  From 
this  important  period  in  its  history  the  success  of  the  regiment  dates.  Col. 
Wheeler  may  well  be  called  the  "Father  of  the  Second."  He  revived  its 
drooping  spirits,  new  recruits  were  brought  in,  and  the  personnel  oi  the 
command  improved;  but  the  work  of  bringing  order  out  of  chaos  was  tre- 
mendous, and  only  the  old-timers  of  the  Second  can  appreciate  the  value  and 
amount  of  work  that  was  done  by  "  the  grand  old  man."  Hampered  by  a 
miserable  barracks,  the  regiment  had  dwindled  down  in  numbers,  and,  poorly 
uniformed,  it  is  a  wonder  that  it  lived  at  all.  But  the  men  and  officers  were 
made  of  the  right  stuff,  and  the  small  glimmer  of  hope  that  had  led  them  on 
burst  into  the  flame  of  realization  and  success.  The  first  important  work  of 
Col  Wheeler  was  the  establishment  of  the  regiment  in  its  present  home  at 
Washington  boulevard  and  Curtis  street,  where  the  command,  after  its  wan- 
derings, found  a  permanent  abiding  place.  Following  is  the  full  roster  of 
officers  according  to  rank,  with  date  of  commission: 

FIELD   AND   STAFF   OFFICERS. 


Co. 

BATE  COM. 

Co. 

DATE  COM. 

Colonel— 

July  10,  1890 

Ellsworth  G.  Bowen. 
MiloH.  Lehman  

L 

F 

July  6,  1891 
July  7,  1891 

.^OU^  ™.  "  uau  

Wm.  T.  Bog'g1 

f\ 

Oct  14,  1891 

Wra.  D.  Hotchkiss  .  .  . 
Majors— 

July  10,  1890 
Feb.  1,  1890 

Fir^t  Lieu  tenants  — 
John  T.  McConnick. 

Edward  E.  Allen.    ... 

K 

M 

March  10,  1890 
April  14,1890 

Chas.  P.  Wi-if>-ht....... 
Janic?  E.  Stuart    .  . 
Captain  and  Adjutant- 
George  C.  Gobet  
1st  Lieut,  and  Quarter- 
master— 
Fred  W.  Laos  

AUK.  14,  i890 
Nov.  13,1890 

July  20,1890 
Dec.  3,  1891 

Benj.E.  Mendelsohn. 
Geo.  I.  Meehan 
Francis  W.  Bell. 
Hcaben  D.  Coy  . 
John  Mclntosh  . 
Elbert  B  Eddy 
Benj.  G.  Boweii. 
Philip  Samuel    

G 
B 

H 
C 

F 
L 

D 

A 

May  6,  1890 
Sept.  3,  1890 
Sept.  9,  1890 
June  17,  1891 
July  7,  1891 
July  6,1891 
Sept.  29,  1891 
Oct.  14,  1891 

July  20  1890 

T 

F 

Clarence  VV.  Leifffi  . 
Capr.  and  Chaplain- 
lit.  Re  v.Sam.  Fallows. 

July  20,1890 
Oct.  20,  1890 

Second  Lieutenants- 
Cornelius  P.  Hayes 
Alex.  J.  Wagner  — 

G 
I 

R 

July  22,1890 
Sept.  1,  lt-90 
Sept.  3,  1^90 

Wm.  E.  Hoinville  .. 
Wm.  P.  Dust-nberry  . 
I-M  ward  J.Uemick  . 
Wm.  B.Alexander.. 
\Villis  MoFeely.     .. 
John  H.  Intr-aham. 
Aimer  H.  Wells  

I 
E 
K 

M 

(i 
B 
H 
jj 

Oct.  9,  1837 
Feb.  10,1890 
Mar.  li»,  189.) 
Apr.  14,1890 
July  22,  ]8'JO 
.luiv  23,  189i 
Sept.  9,  1390 
Nov  12  1890 

.THines  J.  Butler  .  .     . 
1  1  ar  vey  A  .  W  right 
Martin  Clasby.   .   .     . 
Fred  I).  Shiras.  ... 
Geo.  Greenbiirg.. 
John  J.  Garrity..  . 

D 

L 
F 
C 
E 
H 
K 

AT 

Nov.  V.i,  1WO 
April  13,  1891 
July  7,  1891 
July  15,  1391 
Jan.  18,  !892 
Oct.  13,  189  L 

Wm.T.  Hardenbrook 

C 

Jan.  14,  1891 

Clarence  H.  Shaw.. 

A 

Oct.  14,  1891 

THE   ENCYCLOn.'PIA. 

Dr.  Florence  Ziegfeld  was  elected  to  succeed  Col.  Wheeler  February  1, 
1890.  Col.  Ziegfeld  remained  but  a  short  time,  being  succeeded  by  the 
lieutenant-colonel,  Louis  S.  Judd.  With  the  election  of  Louis  S.  Judd  to  the 
colonelcy  the  regiment  entered  into  a  new  era  of  prosperity.  After  the  regi- 
ment had  lost  such  a  signally  successful  leader  as  Col.  Wheeler,  much  specu- 
lation was  rife  as  to  the  fate  of  his  successor;  but  uncertainty  gave  way  to 
certainty  when  the  selection  of  Col.  Judd  was  announced.  His  career  of 
seven  years  as  a  line  officer  was  a  guarantee  that  the  regiment  had  once  again 
gotten  a  leader  worthy  of  the  position.  Col.  Judd  has  a  long  and  honorable 
record  in  the  State  service,  and  his  promotion  is  a  just  tribute  to  his  services. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  National  Guard  Officers'  Association, 
which  has  worked  many  benefits  to  the  Guard.  One  of  the  colonel's  best 
points  is  his  thorough  mastery  of  details,  which  fact  is  making  itself  felt  in 
the  closer  organization  of  the  regiment  and  the  improvements  that  are  being 
made  in  the  armory.  The  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  command  seems 
to  be  his  constant  care.  The  colonel  has  surrounded  himself  with  a  com- 
petent staff,  which  is  made  up  of  men  who  have  proved  their  efficiency  in  the 
service  of  the  State  and  their  loyalty  in  the  service  of  the  regiment. 

The  regiment  is  thoroughly  equippad,  having  both  fatigue  and  regula- 
tion dress  uniforms.  With  a  membership  of  950  it  is  the  largest  command  in 
the  West,  and  is  in  every  sense  of  the  word  a  first-class  national  guard  organ- 
ization. Cbicago  should  feel  proud  of  it,  as  it  is  an  example  of  the  pluck  and 
energy  of  vigorous  and  patriotic  American  manhood. 

SECOND  REGIMENT  BAND. — This  splendid  organization  numbers  ninety 
pieces,  including  field  music  (the  drum,  fife  and  bugle  corps).  Band-master 
Fred  Weldon  is  the  moving  spirit,  and  the  high  artistic  standing  of  the  band 
is  due  to  his  efforts  and  ability.  Mr.  Weldon  has  brought  out  some  notable 
compositions  of  his  own,  his  march  numbers  being  particularly  fine,  thus 
securing  to  his  organization  original  music,  and  not  played  by  any  other  band 
in  the  country.  Two  different  sets  of  dress  uniforms  guarantee  a  presentable 
appearance. 

Cavalry  Troop  A. — Only  troop  of  Cavalry  belonging  to  Illinois  National 
Guard.  Organized  Juue  3,1891.  Headquarters  135  Michigan  avenue,  num- 
bers Co  men.  Each  man  in  this  coujparsy  owns  his  own  horse.  Officers  as 
follows:  Capt.  Paul  B.  Lino;  first  lieut.,  Geo.  C.  Lenke;  second  lieut., 
Frederick Boyer;  first  sergeant,  Thos.  Palmer;  second  sergeant,  B.  Grumau; 
third  sergeant,  Geo.  Smith;  fourth,  sergeant,  Frederick Boltz;  fifth  sergeant, 
Clias. Peters;  quartermaster  sergeant,  S.  Silverman;  Commissary,  Otta  Dietrich; 
Corporal,  Steve  Ackeimaii;  second  corporal,  Chas.  Maager;  third  corporal, 
Geo.  Frantzen;  fourth  corporal,  Chas.  W.  Knil;  Farrier,  Frank  L.  Lade; 
Saddler,  Harry  Goodison. 

Other  Military  Organizations. — It  is  estimated  that  there  are  50,000  thor- 
oughly drilled  men  in  Chicago,  outside  of  the  regular  organizations,  who, 
in  an  emergency  would  be  qualified  to  take  the  field  as  trained  soldiers.  These 
are  principally  members  of  the  military  department  of  the  Masonic,  Odd  Fel- 
lows and  Knights  of  Pythias  orders.  Reference  to  these  organizations,  how- 
ever, is  made  under  the  head  of  secret  societies. 

CHICAGO  HUSSAKS. — A  new  military  organization  that  has  made  remark- 
able progress.  Two  years  ago  the  company  was  practically  unknown,  but  by 
the  judicious  management  of  its  officers  it  now  appears  before  the  people  as 


392  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

one  of  the  finest  private  military  organizations  in  the  country  After  con- 
sidering many  offers  of  ground'for  the  erection  of  their  new  armory,  Edwin 
L.  Brand,  commander  of  the  company,  has  purchased  a  site  on  Thirty -fifth 
street,  near  Cottage  Grove  ave.  The  lot  is  100x230  feet,  which  space  will  be 
entirely  covered  by  the  buildings.  The  club  house  will  be  the  finest  of  its  kind 
in  the  world,  and  will  be  a  combination  of  a  club  house,  armory,  riding  school, 
and  stables.  In  addition  to  the  regular  drills  there  will  be  riding  classes 
formed.  The  members  will  be  taught  the  regular  methods  of  military  riding, 
saber  exercise,  and  fencing  by  a  corps  of  competent  instructors.  At  present 
there  are  forty-one  members  of  the  company,  each  one  of  whom  is  the  pos- 
sessor of  a  handsome  horse.  The  members  say  that  by  the  time  the  world's 
fair  opens  each  will  have  chargers  of  uniform  coal  black.  This  company 
has  received  the  appointment  by  the  Director  General  to  the  position  as  spe- 
cial Guard  of  Honor  to  himself  and  the  National  Commission,  and  will  be 
detailed  by  the  Director  General  for  special  escort  duty  during  the  continu- 
ance of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  Following  are  the  officers:  Captain, 
Edwin  L.  Brand;  1st.  Lieut.,  M.  L.  C.  Funkhouser;  2d.  Lieut.,  Joseph  B. 
Keene.  Staff:  Adjt.,  Geo.  M.  Barbour;  Inspector,  P.  R.  McLeod;  Judge 
Advocate,  A.  Fouguer;  Qr.  Master,  Charles  Ktru;  Surg.,  Stewart  Johnstone, 
M.  D. 

Chicago  Zouaves. — Thos.  J.  Ford,  Capt.  The  leading  Zouave  company  of 
the  country,  having  met  and  defeated  all  the  other  crack  Zouave  companies  in 
the  United  States  in  competitive  prize  drills.  This  company  was  first  organ- 
ized as  company  I  of  the  old  Second  Regiment  by  their  present  captain  on 
Dec.  3d,  1877.  Their  last  parade  as  a  company  of  the  Second  occurring  on 
Decoration  Day  of  1881,  immediately  after  which  time  they  disbanded  and 
reorganized  under  the  above  name,  making  their  first  appearance  in  their 
handsome  new  uniforms  on  Decoration  Day, 1882.  It  was  prophesied  then 
that  Chicago  had  a  company  of  Zouaves  that  would  in  the  near  future  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  disappearance  of  the  once  noted  Ellsworth  Zouaves. 
Capt.  Ford  thinks  that  his  company  can  rightfully  claim  the  honor  of  being 
the  champion  Zouave  company  of  the  country. 

COOK'S  CHICAGO  LANCERS. — A  new  company  of  cavalry  organized  about  a 
year  since;  over  100  men  are  included  in  the  two  companies  which  comprise 
the  battali'  n.  Application  has  been  made  for  admission  to  the  Illinois 
National  Guard. 

ELLSWORTH'S  CHICAGO  ZOUAVES— The  famous  Ellsworth  Zouaves  of  Chi- 
cago were  the  successors  of  the  National  Guard  Cadets,  organized  in  1856; 
when  on  the  point  of  dissolution,  Col.  Ellsworth  re-organized  the  company 
(May,  1858)  under  the  name  of  United  States  Zouave  Cadets.  In  1860  the  Zou- 
aves, who  came  to  be  known  as  Ellsworth's,  made  a  tour  of  the  country,  and 
was  pronounced  the  finest  military  company  in  the  country.  The  Zouaves 
went  out  of  existence  shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  when  its 
members  became  scattered.  Ellsworth  was  killed  on  May  24,  1861,  by  J.  W. 
Jackson,  the  proprietor  of  the  Marshall  House  at  Alexandria,  Va.'  Jackson 
attempted  to  kill  Sergeant  Brownell,  whom  Ellsworth  had  stationed  in  one  of 
the  corridors  of  the  hotel  while  he  went  up  in  the  observatory  to  find  the  location 
of  the  railroad  depot.  Ellsworth  took  from  the  flagstaff  a  confederate  flag  that 
was  flying.  While  he  was  in  the  observatory  Jackson  and  Brownell  became 
engaged  in  an  altercation.  Jackson  raised  a  shotgun  to  fire  at  Brownell. 
The  latter  knocked  up  the  barrel,  the  gun  was  discharged  and  Ellsworth, 


Sf 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  393 

who  was  coming  down-stairs  at  the  time,  received  the  shot.  He  was  not  only 
a  brilliant  organizer,  but  a  brave  man,  and  he  would  have  left  the  mark  of 
his  achievements  on  history's  page  if  he  had  lived. 

EVANSTON  ZOUAVES. — A  military  organization  of  the  suburb  of  Evanston, 
composed  of  young  boys  of  good  families,  their  age  running  from  13  to  17 
years.  It  is  an  independent,  self-supporting  military  company.  Organized 
in  1886  as  the  '"  Evanston  Cadets,"  and  were  connected  with  the  junior  gym- 
nasium class  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  Upton's  tactics  was 
their  text-book,  and  they  were  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  regulation  manual 
of  arms  and  school  of  the  company.  After  a  few  months  of  hard  work  their 
drill-master  moved  from  the  village,  and  through  the  influence  of  Mr.  John 
H.  Nolan,  whose  son  Julien  was  captain  of  the  company,  the  cadets  were  for 
tunate  enough  to  secure  the  attention  and  services  of  Capt.  T.  J.  Ford  of 
the  crack  Chicago  zouaves.  He  naturally  transformed  the  cadets  into  zouaves 
and  the  Evauston  zouaves  became  the  name  of  the  organization. 

Their  first  public  appearance  was  made  in  Chicago  in  the  fall  of  '87, 
when  they  participated  in  the  great  Cleveland  street  parade  as  porteges  of 
the  Chicago  zouaves.  The  little  shavers  on  that  occasion  won  tremendous 
applause  from  the  crowds  of  spectators,  not  alone  on  account  of  their  tender 
years,  but  because  of  their  wonderful  steadiness  in  marching  and  amazing 
skill  in  duplicating  the  intricate  movements  of  the  older  zouave  company. 
Since  then  they  have  given  frequent  exhibitions  for  charitable  and  religious 
purposes.  The  zouaves  muster  about  thirty-six  strong,  and  are  commanded 
by  the  following  officers:  Captain  Chas.  b.  Marshall;  lieuienant  A.  H.  Par- 
ker, Jr.;  second  lieutenant,  Eugene  A.  Conkey;  first  sergeant,  Tracy  Clark; 
second  sergeant,  Joseph  Pierson,  and  quartermaster,  Frank  W.  Rowland. 

The  company's  armory  is  in  Lyon's  hall  on  Davis  street,  and  it  holds 
regular  weekly  drills  on  Wednesday  nights. 

Veteran  Societies. — CHICAGO  ASSOCIATION  OF  UNION  EX-PRISONEBS  OP 
WAR — Meets  third  Mondays  at  Grand  Pacific.  President,  D.W.  Howe;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Normal  Park.  CHICAGO  BOARD  op 
TRADE  BATTERY  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION — Meets  at  Armory,  1st  Cavalry 
Regiment.  President,  C.  I.  Dwight;  secretary,  H.  B.  Chandler;  treasurer, 
John  B.  Hall.  CHICAGO  MERCANTILE  BATTERY  VETERAN  ASSOCIATION — 
Officers:  J.  J.  Hamblin,  president;  George  KretMnger,  secretary;  R  Powell, 
treasurer — Meets  at  4  Lake  street.  CHICAGO  UNION  VETERAN  CLUB — Meets 
second  Mondays  at  Grand  Pacific.  President,  Colonel  Thompson;  vice-presi- 
dent, A.  J.  Miksch;  secretary,  John  C.  Barker,  62  N.  Clark.  DANISH  VETERAN 
SOCIETY — Meets  second  and  fourth  Fridays  at  432  Milwaukee  ave.  Presi- 
dent, J.  Z.  Alstrup;  secretary,  Vigga  A.  Danielson;  treasurer,  L.  M.  Hoff- 
enblad.  EIGHTY-SECOND  ILLINOIS  VETERAN  SOCIETY — Meets  first  Sundays 
at  StaatsZeitung  Bldg.  President,  J.  Bans;  treasurer,  C.  Bock;  secretary,  A. 
Henchel.  MEXICAN  WAR  VETERANS  Meets  fourth  Sundays  at  Grand  Pacific 
Hotel.  President,  P.  T.  Turnley;  vice-president,  W.  M.  Coulter;  secretary, 
George  A.  Corgan;  treasurer,  D.  L.  Juergens.  MCCLELLAN  VETERAN  CLUB. 
Room  14,  40  Dearborn  street.  Open  daily.  President,  W.  C.  Newr>erry; 
secretary,  H.  F.  Jones;  treasurer,  D.  E.  Root.  NINETEENTH  ILLINOIS  VET- 
ERAN CLUB — Meets  second  Sundays,  2:30  p.  M.,  at  104  Randolph  street, 
second  floor.  President,  Jas.  Bloomfield;  secretary,  J.  Gaffney;  treasurer, 
D.  F.  Bremner.  TAYLOR'S  BATTERY  VETERAN  ASSOCIATION — Meets  at  call 


394  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

of  secretary.     President,   S.  E.  Barrett;  treasurer,  W.  H.  Dudley;  s  ^rotary, 

C.  W.   Pierce,   164  La  Salle  ^treit.      TWENTY-FOURTH  ILLINOIS  VETERAN 
SOCIETY— first  Sundays  at  2  p.  M.,  171  N.  Clark  street,     President,  L.  Mat- 
tern;  corresponding  secretary,  A.  WeLrle;  financial  secretary,  Emil  Hoffman; 
treasurer,  A.  Georg.     VETERAN  UNION  LEAGUE,  304  Dearborn  street,  rooms 
third  floor.     Open  daily.     Regular  meetings  first  Wednesdays.     President, 

D.  Harry  Hammer;  treasurer,  J.  Gross;  secretary,  W.  E.  Winholtz. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION. 

Abstracts  of  Titles.— The  compilations  and  abridged  evidences  of  owner- 
ship of  land  peculiar  to  the  State  of  Illinois  with  the  encumbrances,  lieus, 
clouds  or  defects  in  the  titles  to  real  estate  as  these  appear  of  record,  are 
commonly  known  as  "  Abstracts  of  Title"  in  the  Western  States.  The  first 
to  enter  into  the  business  of  making  abstracts  of  title  in  Chicago  was  James 
H.  Rees,  who,  as  far  back  as  1836,  was  "Surveyor  of  the  town  of  Chicago." 
He  inaugurated  the  present  system  about  the  year  1849  in  conjunction  with 
Edward  A.  Rucker,  an  attorney-at-law,  whose  brother,  Henry  L.,  was  an. 
alderman  of  that  day.  The  firm  of  Rees  &  Rucker  was  changed  to  Rees  & 
Chase  in  1852;  Mr.  Rees  taking  into  partnership  Mr.  Samuel  B.  Chase,  the 
"working  clerk"  of  the  old  firm,  who  soon  after  associated  himself  with  his 
brothers,  Horace  G.  and  Charles  C.  Chase.  They  carried  on  the  business, 
Mr.  Rees  retiring  from  the  concern,  under  the  name  of  Chase  Bros,  up  to  the 
time  of  the  great  fire  of  1871.  A  new  set  of  "  Tract  Indices."  as  these  booka 
are  now  called,  was  opened  by  Hasbrook  Davis  and  J.  Mason  Parker,  in 
1852.  They  made  but  few  abstracts,  however,  as  they  soon  sold  their  books 
to  Thos.  B.  Bryan,  who  again  sold  a  half -interest  to  John  Borden.  Bryan  & 
Borden  leased  their  books  to  Wm.  W.  Page,  John  G.  Shortall  and  Henry  H. 
Handy,  but  subsequently,  in  1856,  sold  them  to  Greenebaum  &  Guthman.who 
continued  the  business  under  their  name  until  the  books  were  finally  sold  to 
John  G.  Shortall  and  John  N.  Staples,  who  made  abstracts  under  the  firm 
name  of  John  G.  Shortall  &  Co.  until  Mr.  Shortall  associated  himself  with 
Louis  D.  Hoard,  the  then  ex  recorder  of  Cook  county,  when  the  firm  became 
Shortall  &  Hoard,  which  continued  up  to  within  about  a  month  of  the  fire, 
when  the  books  were  leased  to  Henry  H.  Handy  &  Francis  Pasdeloup. 
Another  set  of  books  had  in  the  meantime  been  started  by  Fernando  Jones  & 
Co.,  which  firm  made  abstracts  until  it  changed  to  Jones  &  Sellers,  with  Mr. 
Alfred  H.  Sellers  as  active  manager  until  the  fire.  There  were  also  a  number 
of  persons  engaged  in  making  abstracts  before  the  fire  who  neither  owned 
tract,  books  nor  used  those  belonging  to  other  firms,  but  who  worked  from 
the  general  indices  in  the  public  offices.  One  of  the  most  reliable  experts  of 
this  class  was  A.  F.  C.  Mueller,  who  made  many  abstracts  and  who  afterward 
associated  himself  with  Uriah  11.  Ilawley,  a  lawyer  (whilom  clerk  of  the 
Courtof  Common  Pleas,  now  theSuperiorCourt),  under  thename  of  Mueller  & 
Hawley.  Their  work  was  all  done  by  themselves  personally  and  enjoyed  full 
confidence  although  they  made  all  their  searches  directly  from  the  records  by 
meansof  thegeneral  public  indices  of  that  day.  Mr.  Mueller  made  no  abstracts 
after  the  fire.  Mr.  Ilawley  died  many  years  ago  while  filling  a  very  responsi- 
able  position  in  the  Chicago  Postoffice. 

A.  D.  Wilmanns,  lor  a  number  of  years,  up  to  about  the  close  of  the  war, 
made  abstracts  by  means  of  the  public  indices  until  he  obtained  privileges 
from  Chase  Bros,  for  the  use  of  their  books.  He  afterwards  became 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  395 

associated  with  Francis  Pascleloup.  Wilmanns  &  Pasdeloup  continued  for 
some  years,  using  the  books  of  Shortall  &  Hoard  up  to  September  1,  1871, 
when  Mr.  Pasdeloup  withdrew  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Henry  H. 
Handy,  as  Handy  &  Pasdeloup,  who  secured  a  lease  of  the  books  of  Shortall 
&  Hoard;  which  lease,  however,  was  allowed  to  be  abrogated  by  thegreatflre. 
All  of  these  parties  made  abstracts  which  are  to  this  day  current  in  the 
market.  There  were,  before  the  fire,  a  few  other  persons,  employes  of  the 
Recorder's  office,  who  made  abstracts  of  title  in  their  overtime  from  the 
records  direct.  Wm.  H.  Haase,  who  called  himself  a  conveyancer,  and 
Charles  Draudroff,  employed  in  the  real  estate  department  of  the  banking 
house  of  F.  A.  Hoffman,  and  later  a  firm,  Alexander  Dixon  &  Co.,  made 
some  few  abstracts,  which,  however,  in  their  day  failed  to  inspire  confidence 
among  professional  examiners  or  the  public.  The  great  fire  of  1871  played 
havoc  with  the  business  of  abstract  making.  All  the  records  were  destroyed 
and  the  sets  of  indices  owned  by  the  private  firms,  but  only  partly  saved,  were 
the  only  salvation.  Each  of  the  firms  at  first  endeavored  to  continue  business 
on  their  own  account.  Neither  of  them,  however,  had  saved  enough  of  their 
private  books,  and  so  it  became  a  necessity  to  form  a  combination  to  make  up 
a  full  set.  The  public  generally,  unaware  of  the  true  condition,  of  things  at 
the  time,  made  quite  a  stir  against  what  many  at  first  believed  to  be  a  mere 
trick  to  form  a  dangerous  monopoly,  but  the  pool  of  books  was  made  and 
they  were  then  leased  to  Handy,  Simmons  &  Co.,  over  whose  signature 
abstracts  were  then  issued.  The  successors  of  this  firm  afterward  became 
Handy  &  Co.,  who  have  since  merged  in  "The  Title  Guarantee  and  Trust 
Co.,"  which  now  controls  all  the  ante-fire  abstract  books  in  the  county. 

Immediately  after  the  fire  A.  D.  Wilmanns  at  first  re-associated  himself 
with  Francis  Pasdeloup,  doing  business  with  him  until  the  latter's  death 
shortly  after  the  fire,  when  he  associated  himself  with  Henry  Thielcke,  an 
ante-fire  clerk  of  Chase  Bros.,  laying  out  a  set  of  indices  from  October  9, 1871, 
onward.  The  firm  of  Wilmanns  &  Thielcke  continued  to  make  abstracts 
until  the  summer  of  1875,  when  their  set  of  books  was  sold  to  the  county 
and  placed  in  the  Recorder's  office,  w,here  they  have  remained  ever  since  and 
where  abstracts  are  now  made  from  them  by  the  Recorder  under 
special  enactments  by  the  legislature.  In  the  winter  of  1872-3  Mr.  Chas.  G. 
Haddock,  Mr,  E.  D.  Coxe  and  Mr.  Frank  H.  Vallette  began  work  upon  a 
new  set  of  books  from  the  fire  down.  They  soon  after  commenced  making 
abstracts  under  tue  firm  name  of  Haddock,  Coxe  &  Co.,  which  has  since  been 
changed  to  Haddock,  Vallelte  &  llickords,  Mr.  Coxe  having  disposed  of  his 
interest  to  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Rickords.  After  the  transfer  of  the  books  of  Wil- 
manns &  Thielcke  to  the  .county,  C.C.  Gilmore,  a  most  competent  abstractor, 
and  one  Pollock  for  a  year  or  more  made  abstracts  as  Gilmore,  Pollock  &  Co., 
using  the  books  of  the  county.  C.  C.  Gilmore  had  also  previously  made  quite 
a  number  of  abstracts  over  his  own  signature  from  these  books  while  they 
were  still  owned  by  Wilmanns  &  Thielcke.  In  1878  Otto  Peltzer,  the  com- 
piler and  publisher  of  "  Peltzer's  Atlas  of  Chicago,"  whose  professional  work 
as  a  draughtsman  had  been  entirely  in  connection  with  the  land  titles  and 
records  of  the  county  and  city  in  various  positions  since  1853,  and  who  had 
just  then  resigned  his  position  of  Deputy  Recorder  and  Superintendent  of  the 
Abstract  Department  of  the  county,  embarked  in  the  abstract  business  for 
himself  in  conjunction  with  a  number  of  experts  formerly  employed  by  the 
Recorder.  He  first  entered  into  a  contract  wiih  Haddock,  Coxe  &  Co.>  for 
access  to  their  books,  which  he  used  for  six  years,  after  which  time  he  made 


J9'3  GUIDE  TO    CHICAGO. 

use  of  the  county's  indices.  In  connection  with  his  business  as  general 
abstract  maker,  Mr.  Peltzer  also  included  the  examining  titles  for  purchasers, 
issuing  written  "Opinions  of  Title;"  and  as  the  patronage  in  this  line  and  the 
confidence  reposed  in  these  "  opinions  "  increased  so  rapidly  in  time,  he  has 
devoted  himself  exclusively  to  this  class  of  work  since  about  1888,  making 
but  few  abstracts  since  then.  The  latest  abstract  concern  is  "The  Cook 
County  Abstract  Company,"  which  commenced  operations  in  May,  1888. 
This  concludes  the  entire  list  of  regularly  established  persons  and  firms 
engaged  in  abstract  making  in  this  city  before  and  since  the  fire  of  1871. 

Anarchy  in  Chicago. — For  the  benefit  of  foreign  visitors  and  strangers 
generally  it  may  be  well  enough  to  say  that  anarchy  in  Chicaco  received  its 
death-blow  on  the  llth  day  of  November,  1887,  when  four  of  the  leading 
anarchists  of  the  city  were  executed  at  the  county  jail.  The  monster  has  not 
shown  its  teeth  here  since.  There  has  been  no  riot  in  Chicago  since  May  4, 
1886.  And  it  is  perhaps  worth  while  to  add  that  at  no  time  in  the  history  of 
this  city  has  the  revolutionary  element  attained  any  strength.  The  anarchist 
uprising  was  entirely  due  to  the  agitations  of  a  few  dangerous  leaders  among 
a  certain  small  class  of  workingmen,  which  should  have  been  suppressed  by 
the  authorities  long  before  their  poisonous  teachings  culminated  in  a  riot. 
The  great  majority  of  the  workingmen  of  Chicago  have  never  sympathized 
with  the  anarchists  nor  believed  in  their  teachings. 

Anarchist  Monument. — Six  thousand  dollars  have  been  subscribed  in 
this  country  and  in  Europe  toward  the  erection  of  a  monument  in  memory  of 
the  anarchists  executed  in  this  city  for  complicity  in  the  bomb-throwing  at 
Haymarket  Square.  A  committee  of  anarchists  has  the  matter  in  charge. 
Thus  far,  there  have  been  three  models  presented  to  the  committee  which  seem 
to  rank  above  the  rest.  The  one  which  seems  to  give  most  general  satisfac- 
tion was  designed  by  a  young  German-American  of  this  city.  The  artist 
caught  his  inspiration  from  Freiligrath's  song,  "  Revolution,"  the  spirit  of 
which  his  creati  m  embodies.  A  shaft  of  marble  arises  to  the  height  of  six- 
teen feet.  On  ltd  sides  are  the  portraits  of  the  five  Anarchists  with  appropri- 
ate inscriptions,  one  of  which  contains  the  last  words  of  Spies  before  he  was 
executed  :  "  Our  silence  will  be  more  powerful  than  the  voices  you  strangle 
today."  At  the  base  of  the  shaft  are  two  bronze  figures,  life-size,  symboli- 
cal of  revolution  and  the  revolutionist.  One  is  that  of  a  young  woman  of 
the  people  bending  over  the  prostrate  form  of  the  dying  revolutionist  and 
placing  u-pon  his  brow  the  laurel  wreath  of  victory. 

Another  design  presents  a  marble  shaft  rising  from  a  group  of  five  lions, 
and  crowned  with  a  marble  sarcophagus  from  which  emerges  the  figure  of  a 
woman  symbolizing  "Liberty''  and  carrying  in  one  hand  a  torch,  in-the 
other  a  broken  chain. 

Annual  Fat  Stock  Shows. — Annual  fat  stock  shows  have  been  held  at  the 
old  Exposition  building  in  Chicago  for  the  past  thirteen  years.  They  are 
among  the  most  interesting  of  our  annual  exhibitions.  It  is  likely  that  the 
exhibit  wiil  become  a  part  of  the  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893. 

Ashland  Block. — Located  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Clark  and  Randolph 
streets.  Planned  by  Architect  D.  H.  Burnham.  Property  leased  from  A.  G. 
Alexander,  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  by  R.  A.  Waller,  of  this  city,  and  L. 
Broadhead,  of  Kentucky,  for  a  term  of  years.  This  building  issixtten  stories 
high,  with  a  frontage  on  Clark  street  of  140  feet  and  80  feet  on  Randolph 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  397 

street.  The  exterior  is  classical.  The  windows  of  the  lower  stories  are 
recessed  and  end  in  an  arch  at  ihe  third  story.  The  principal  entrance  is  from 
Clark  street  and  is  twenty  one  feet  wide.  This  extends  to  a  height  of  two  and 
a  half  stories  and  is  rinished  in  terra  cottaof  a  delicate  design.  The  first  story 
has  eight  stores  on  the  Clark  street  bide  and  three  on  Randolph  street.  The 
second  floor  contains  several  spacious  banking  rooms  17  feet  high  and  the 
remaining  floors  are  divided  in^oalx  u  350  offices.  Seven  elevators  are  placed 
in  the  rear  hall  of  the  building.  This  building  was  ready  for  occupancy  in 
May,  1892. 

Auditorium  Tower. — Visitors  are  taken  by  elevator  to  the  top  of  the 
Auditorium  tower  at  25  cents  for  adults,  15  cents  for  children.  [See  Audi- 
torium.] 

Chicago  Epitomized. — Chicago  is  a  big  city.  This  novel  observation  is 
emphasized  by  some  figures.  Here  is  a  rough  table  of  the  growth  of  our 
population  during  the  last  thirty  years: 

Date.  Population.  Per  Cent.  Inc. 

I860 109,00 ) 

1865 178,000 ..  65 

1870 306,000 ..73 

1880 491,000  63 

1886 703,OK) 35 

1890 1,098,000 55 

If  as  many  people  come  to  Chicago  during  the  next  three  decades  as  came 
during  the  last  three  the  business  man  of  1920  will  see  about  him  a  popula- 
tion of  orer  10,000,000  of  people.  Chicago  has  erected  since  1876  56,240 
buildings,  at  a  cost  of  $255,298,879 — i.  e.,  the  average  each. year  has  been 
about  4,017  buildings,  at  an  average  cost  of  $18,235,634.  At  this  rate  thirty 
years  from  now  Chicago  will  have  built  120,510  new  building,  at  a  cost  of 
$547,069,020.  But  during  1889  alone  7,590  buildings  were  put  up,  at  a  cost  of 
$31,516,000;  and  during  1890,  11,608  were  put  up  at  a  cost  of  $47,322,100. 
The  average  number  for  the  two  years  was  9,598.  Should  this  average  hold 
good  for  thir.ty  years,  in  1920  there  would  be  287,940  new  buildings,  which 
will  have  been  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,182,571,500. 

Consulates.— The  foreign  consulates  in  Chicago  are  located  as  follows: 
Argentine  Republic,  83  Jackson  st. ;  Austro-Hungarian,  78-80  Fifth  avenue; 
Belgium,  167  Dearborn  St.;  Denmark,  209  Fremont  St.;  France,  78  La  Salle 
St.;  German  Empire,  room  25,  Borden  block;  Great  Britain,  room  4,  72  Dear- 
born st..;  Italy,  110  La  Salle  St.;  Mexico,  room  30,  126  Washington  St.; 
Netherlands,  85  Washington  st.;  Sweden  and  Norway,  room  1,  153  Randolph 
St.;  Switzerland,  65  Washington  st.;  Turkey,  167  Dearborn  st. 

Columbus  Building — To  be  erected  on  the  southeast  corner  of  State  and 
Washington  sts.,  after  plans  by  W.  W.  Boyington.  The  structure  will  be 
fourteen  stories  hi»h,  two  floors  being  contained  in  the  ornamental  space 
above  the  cornice.  It  will  cover  the  lot,  with  its  frontage  of  100  feet  on  State 
street  and  90  feet  on  Washington  street.  It  will  be  constructed  of  stone, 
steel  and  terra  cotta,  after  the  best  models.  A  main  feature  will  be  the  two 
stores  on  the  ground  floor,  on  either  side  of  the  main  entrance.  Each  will  be 
forty  feet  wide.  The  decoration  sand  fixtures  will  cost  $175,000.  At  the  rear 
of  each  will  be  a  glass  mosaic,  one  showing  Columbus  at  the  court  of  Isabella 
and  the  other  his  landing  in  America.  The  contract  for  these  mosaics  has 
been  placed  at  Venice.  The  ceiling  beams  of  the  stores  will  be  of  bronze, 


398  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

supporting  Mexican  onyx  ceilings.  Over  the  entrance  to  the  building  a  ten- 
foot  bronze  siatue  of  Columbus  will  be  placed,  which  is  now  being  made  at 
Rome.  The  floors  throughout  the  building  are  to  be  of  mosaic. 

The  height  of  the  tower  from  the  sidewalk  to  the  top  of  the  glass  globe 
will  be  240  feet.  The  globe  on  top  is  to  be  of  opalescent  glass,  with  the  con- 
tinents marked  in  color,  with  a  cut  jewel  locating  Chicago,  to  be  lighted  with 
a  3,000-candle-power  electric  lamp.  The  style  of  architecture  in  detail  is 
Spanish  renaissance.  The  various  coats  of  arms  of  Spanish  royalty  will  be 
shown  in  the  cornice  and  elsewhere.  Work  will  be  begun  May  1st,  and  the 
structure  will  be  completed  by  May  1,  1893.  The  building  will  cost  about 
$800,000. 

Cook  County  Treasury  Statement. — The  following  is  an  abstract  from  the 
report  of  the  comptroller  of  Cook  County  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the 
different  treasuries  at  the  close  of  the  year  1891. 

The  amount  realized  from  the  sale  of  bonds  during  the  year  was  $1,021,- 
973.  From  the  funding  fund  was  expended  by  order  of  the  board  $1,034,- 
957,  leaving  a  balance  of  $22,627.  From  tavern  licenses  $11, 379  was  realized. 
There  are  in  uncollected  taxes,  $52,479.  Out  of  a  general  fund  of  $1.477,775 
there  is  a  balance  of  $59.  The  county  paid  during  the  year  $1,366,696  in 
salaries.  From  a  supply  fund  of  $608,067,  $13,571.11  was  unexpended.  For 
buildings  the  board  spent  $222,314. 

The  liabilities  of  the  county  foot  up  to  $4,952,605,  represented  by  the 
various  county  bonds.  But  $1.483,000  of  thisfallsdue  May  1  of  this  year, 
while  the  remainder  runs  from  1899  to  1905.  The  liabilities  as  represented 
by  the  bonds  is  as  follows  : 

Of  the  $1,483,000  of  this  indebtedness  which  falls  dne  May  1,  $1,350,000 
will  be  refunded  at  4  per  cent. 

The  total  receipts  of  the  county  from  the  various  offices  were  $856,826, 
of  which  $266  656  came  from  the  Treasurer's  office  and  $208,956  from  the 
County  Clerk's. 

The  total  amount  expended  for  salaries  was  $1,366,676,  which  was  $30,- 
000  less  than  the  appropriation.  The  total  supply  appropriation  was  $603,- 
091.  Amount  expended,  $594,495. 

"  Crib,"  Thi. — The  original  crib  is  situated  about  two  miles  out  in  Lake 
Michigan,  almost  directly  east  of  the  foot  of  Chicago  avenue.  "The  Man 
at  the  Crib"  is  Ciplain  Charles  McKee,  who,  with  his  family,  has  spent 
eleven  years  in  that  desolate,  wave-washed  and  tempest-battered  granite 
home.  He  has  reared  a  family  of  five  girls  and  one  boy,  all  of  whom  are 
married,  except  one  girl.  Besides  his  wife  and  daughter,  three  men  and  a 
dog  occupy  the  crib  at  present.  The  crib-keeper's  quarters  are  comfortable. 
During  the  winter  m  »nths,  whea  ice  floes  threaten  to  clog  the  grated  mouth 
of  the  water  tunnel,  his  duties  are  as  severe  as  they  are  important.  There 
are  thousands  of  visitors  at  the  crib  during  the  summer  months;  in  the  win- 
ter it  is  sometimes  difficult  to  reach  it  with  the  city  supply  boat.  The  visitor 
can  take  an  excursion  bait,  steam  or  sail,  on  the  lake  shore,  foot  of  Van 
Buren  st.  Fare,  25  cents.  [See  "  Water  Works."] 

Daniel  O'Connell  Statue.— To  be  erected  by  the  Daniel  O'Connell  associa- 
tion. Site  not  chosen.  The  following  are  the  charter  members  of  the  asso- 
ciation :  John  Cudahy,  Redn:ond  Prindiville,  John  M.  Smyth,  Patrick  Kava- 
nagh,  Thomas  Lynch,  P.  J.  Magicnis,  Michael  Cudahy,  John  B.  Lynch, 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  399 

Dennis  O'Connor,  M.  Sullivan,  Thomas  F.  Keeley,  Charles  Dennehy,  Daniel 
Corkery,  William  M.  Devine,  M.  P.  Brady,  M.  W.  Murphy,  P.  J.  Hennessey, 
Daniel  Delaney,  M.  N.  Kerwin,  Owen  Murray,  William  McCoy,  John 
McGovern,  and  Frank  Higgins. 

Distance  of  Chicago  from  other  Principal  Cities. — Chicago  is  .distant  from 
Montreal,  Canada,  842  miles ;  time,  29  hours ; from  Portland,  Me.,  1255  miles; 
time, 40 hours;  from  Boston,  1150  miles  ;  time,  32  hours  ;  from  New  York, 
911  miles  ;  time,  26  hours  ;  from  Philadelphia,  822  miles;  time,  24  hours; 
from  Baltimore,  854  miles;  time,  27  hours;  from  Washington,  811  miles; 
time,  26  hours;  from  New  Orleans,  915  miles;  time,  48  hours;  from  the 
City  of  Mexico,  2600  miles;  time,  5  days;  from  San  Francisco,  2450  miles  ; 
time.  3%  days;  from  Vancouver,  B.  C.,  2350  miles;  time,  4%  days. 
The  time  between  Queenstown,  Ireland,  and  New  York  is  now  made 
by  the  average  ocean  steamer  in  less  than  sevgn  days.  The  time 
from  Queenstown  to  Chicago  would  therefore  be  about  8%  days ; 
from  Dublin,  Ireland,  9  days ;  from  Belfast,  Ireland,  9%  days;  from  Liver- 
pool, England,  9  days;  from  London,  England,  9J^  days;  from  Edinburg, 
Scotland,  10  days ;  from  Glasgow,  Scotland  (via  Liverpool  and  Queens- 
town),  10  days;  from  Havre  (direct),  9  days;  from  Paris  (via  Havre),  10 
days;  from  Bremen  (via  Southampton),  9  days ;  from  Berlin  (via  Bremen  or 
Hamburg),  11  days  (via  Calais,  Dover,  Liverpool  and  Queenstown),  10  days  ; 
from  Vienna  (via  Bremen),  11  days;  from  Rome  (via  Marseilles,  Bologna, 
Liverpool  and  Queenstown),  15  days  ;  from  Madrid,  via  Lisbon,  direct,  12 
days ;  (via  rail  to  Havre,  and  via  Havre  by  steamship  direct)  16  days  ;  (via 
Liverpool  and  Queenstown)  15  days ;  from  St.  Petersburg  (via  Havre, 
Bremen  or  Hamburg),  about  16  days.  [See  map  showing  "Relative  position 
of  Chicago  with  regard  to  other  principal  cities."] 

Estimated  Cost  of  City  Government  for  1892  — The  following  are  the  esti- 
mates of  the  cost  of  conducting  the  municipality  of  Chicago  for  the  year 
1892-93  :  City  cemetery,  $500;  contingent  fund,  $10,000;  cost  collecting  city 
taxes,  $80.000;  city  clerk's  office,  $13,500;  departm't  public  works,  $1,753,021; 
election  dept.,  $100.333;  fire  dept.,  $1,449,501;  health  depr.,  $562,660;  house 
of  correction,  $40,021;  judgment  account,  $100,000;  legal  expenses,  $25,000; 
police  dept.,  $2,820,833;  pounds,  $'^,500;  police  courts,  $2,000;  printing  and 
stationery,  $20,000;  salaries,  $225,000;  sewerage  dept,,  $225,540:  street  lamp 
fund,  $880,000;  bureau  of  lights,  repairs  and  construction,  $70,000;  special 
assessment  on  city  property,  $10.000;  interest  account,  $1,007,342;  public 
library,  $513,199;  general  sicking  fund,  $14,000;  school  sinking  fund,  $1,000; 
school  dept.,  $4,990,824— total,  14.916,776.  The  estimates  of  the  police 
department  provide  for  16  captains,  50  lieutenants,  90  patrol  sergeants,  96  desk 
sergeants,  90  detectives  and  2,640  patrolmen,  with  about  300  other  function- 
aries of  various  grades  attached  to  the  department. 

Fire  of  1871. — The  fire  of  1871  broke  out  on  Sunday  night,  October  8th. 
There  had  been  on  the  previous  evening  an  extensive  conflagration  in  the 
West  Division,  involving  a  heavy  loss  of  property  in  the  lumber  district. 
The  firemen  had  worked  upon  the  blaze  for  many  hours,  finally  succeedingin 
subduing  it.  The  department,  however,  was  pretty  well  exhausted  when  an 
alarm  was  sounded  at  9  o'clock  on  the  following  Sunday  evening.  The  fire 
was  caused  by  the  upsetting  of  a  little  lamp,  in  a  stable,  in  the  vicinity  of  De 


400 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


Koven  and  Jefferson  sta. ,  west  of  the  river  and  south  of  Van  Buren  st. ;  whether 
the  lamp  was  kicked  over  by  a  cow  belonging  to  a  Mrs.  O'Leary  is  a  question 
that  has  never  been  satisfactorily  settled.  The  fire  first  crossed  the  river  at 
Van  Buren  St.,  and  soon  enveloped  the  old  gas  works  on  Adams  st.,  where 
the  Moody  &  Sankey  Tabernacle  afterward  stood,  and  where  stately  whole- 
sale houses  now  tower  toward  the  sky.  From  that  moment  the  business  sec- 
tion of  the  city  was 
doome'Q,  for  the  wind 
blew  a  perfect  gale  and 
every  moment  added  to 
the  heat  and  fury  of  the 
conflagration,  which 
marched  steadily  on, 
devouring  granite 
blocks  with  the  same 
ease  as  it  destroyed 
wooden  shanties. 
About  one  o'clock  in 
the  morning  it  had 
reached  and  wiped  out 
the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce building;  shortly 
afterward  it  had  swal- 
lowed up  the  Court 
House,  whose  bell 
tolled  to  the  last  min- 
ute. Then  in  one  col- 
umn, itpursued  itsf  uri- 
ous  course  eastward, 
laying  Hooley's  Opera 
House,  the  Times  build- 
ing, Crosby's  fine  opera 
house  and  many  other 
noble  structures  in 
ashes.  Then  it  moved 
toward  the  northeast, 
and  then  attacked  the 
wholesale  districtattlie 
foot  of  Randolph  st., 
carry  ing  a  way  the  Cen- 
tral Depot,  the  ruins 
of  which  are  still  stand- 
ing. Then  it  formed  a 
junction  with  another 
branch  of  the  maincol- 
umn  after  thelatterhad 

THE  BURNED  DISTRICT.  demolished   the    Sher- 

man  House,  the  Tremont  House  and  other  magnificent  buildings  in  its  path. 
Then  there  was  a  general  onslaught  upon  the  city's  center  from  the  left  col- 
umn which  laid  low  all  the  buildings  lying  west  of  La  Salle  st.,  including  the 
Oriental  and  the  Mercantile  buildings,  the  Union  Bank,  the  Merchants'  Insur- 
ance building,  where  Gen.  Sheridan  had  his  headquarters,  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  office,  and  the  solid  and  magnificent  blocks  of  commercial  houses 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS— COMPOSITION  AND  PRESS  ROOMS. 
LSee  "  Newspapers.''] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  401 

that  lined  La  Salle  street  in  those  days.  By  morning  there  was  not  one  stone 
upon  another  in  this  great  business  center.  The  right  column  of  the  fire  is 
described  as  having  started  from  a  point  near  the  intersection  of  Van  Buren 
streetand  the  river,  where  some  wooden  buildings  wereignited  by  brands  from 
the  West  Side.  This  column  had  the  advantage  of  a  large  area  of  wooden 
buildings,  say,  Colbert  and  Chamberlin,  "on  which  to  ration  and  arm  itself  for 
its  march  of  destruction."  It  gutted  the  Michigan  Southern  Depot  and  the 
Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  and  destroyed  other  handsome  structures  in  the  vicinity. 
Passing  along  the  Postoffice,  the  Bigelow  House,  the  Honore  block,  McVicker  s 
new  theatre,  the  Tribune  building,  Booksellers'  Row,  Potter  Palmer's  store, 
occupied  by  Field  &  Leiter,  and  all  the  smaller  or  lessconspicuous  structures  on 
the  road.  It  branched  off  and  destroyed  the  handsomeresidencesand  churches 
on  Wabash  avenue,  and  was  finally  stayed  in  its  southward  course  at  Con- 
gress street.  The  fire  crossed  over  to  the  north  divisionabout  half-past  three  in 
the  morning,  and  among  the  first  buildings  to  go  down  was  the  engine-house 
of  the  water  works,  which,  foolishly,  had  been  roofed  with  pine  shingles. 
The  fire  was  carried  here  by  burning  brands  which  must  have  traveled  a 
mile  and  a  half  in  advance  of  the  conflagration.  "This  was  the  system," 
say  Colbert  and  Chamberlain,  "by  which  the  North  Side  was  destroyed: 
Blazing  brands  and  scorching  heat  sent  ahead  to  kindle  many  scattering 
fires,  and  the  grand  general  conflagration  following  up  and  finishing  up." 
The  North  Side  was  left  a  mass  of  blackened  ruins  by  morning.  Only  at  the 
lakeand  the  northern  limits  of  the  city  was  the  firestayed.  The  district  burned 
over  was  bounded  on  the  north  by  Fullerton  avenue,  on  the  west  byHalsted 
street  to  Chicago  avenue  and  from  that  point  south  on  Clinton  street,  on  the 
south  by  Twelfth  street  and  on  the  east  by  Lake  Michigan.  The  total  area 
burned  over  was  nearly  three  and  a  third  square  miles;  numberof  buildings 
destroyed,  17,450;  persons  rendered  homeless,  98,500;  persons  killed,  about 
200;  loss,  not  including  the  depreciation  of  real  estate  or  loss  of  business,  esti- 
mated at  $190,000,000;  recovered  by  insurance,  $44,000,000.  One  yearafter 
the  fire  many  of  the  best  business  blocks  in  the  city  were  rebuilt;  five  years 
after  the  fire  the  city  was  handsomer  and  more  prosperous  than  ever;  ten 
years  after  the  fire  nearly  all  traces  of  the  calamity  had  disappeared. 

Fire  of  1874. — The  second  great  fire  in  Chicago  occurred  on  July  14, 1874. 
This  conflagration  swept  over  a  district  south  of  Twelfth  street  and  east  of 
State  street,  which  had  escaped  the  fire  of  '71.  Although  eighteen  blocks  or 
sixty  acres  were  burned  over,  and  although  600  houses  were  destroyed  and 
the  loss  was  close  to  $4,000,000,  the  calamity  was  never  as  deeply  regretted 
as  it  would  have  been  had  the  district  been  a  safe  one  near  the  heart  of  the 
city.  The  houses  were  nearly  all  wooden,  and  were  a  continual  menace. 
This  district  was  soon  rebuilt  in  a  more  substantial  manner. 

Fire  Relics. — The  finding  of  a  large  mass  of  molten  iron  by  workmen 
excavating  for  the  new  Masonic  temple  in  1890  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  there  were  a  number  of  interesting  collections  of  relics  of  the  great 
fire  in  Chicago.  The  most  interesting  and  ornamental  monument  of  the  fire 
is  the  "  Relic  House,"  well  known  to  North-Siders  and  Lincoln  Park  visitors. 
In  1872,  when  the  "leavings  "  of  the  fire  could  be  had  for  the  asking  or  the 
trouble  of  picking  them  up,  a  man  named  Rettig  conceived  the  idea  of 
building  a  small  cottage  out  of  such  material  as  a  melted  mixture  of  stone, 
iron  and  other  metals.  The  queer  structure  was  built  at  North  Park  avenue 
ind  Central  street.  Ten  years  ago  it  was  removed  to  its  present  site  near  the 
junction  of  Clark  street  and  North  Park  avenue  (take  North  Clark  street 


402  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

cable  line),  Philip  Vinter  becoming  the  proprietor.  Four  years  afterwards 
the  "Relic  House"  passed  into  the  hands  of  its  present  owner,  William 
Liudemann,  who  has  added  a  refreshment  parlor  to  the  saloon  and  made 
quite  a  rustic  spot  out  of  the  relic.  The  only  ruin  of  the  "71  fire  which 
remaiusstanding  is  on  a  large  vacant  lot  between  Nos.  907  and  915  North 
Clark  street,  a  few  doors  north  of  the  "Relic  House, "on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  street.  The  ruin  consists  of  three  sections  of  red  brick  wall  with 
stone  foundations  showing  where  the  chimneys,  doors  and  windows  formerly 
were.  The  lot  is  owned  by  Hugh  A.  White,  a  lawyer  who  lives  in  Evanston. 
The  Chicago  Historical  Society  has  a  large  collection  of  fire  relics,  some 
from  the  ruins  of  the  society's  building,  which  was  then  near  the  corner  of 
Ontario  street  and  Dearborn  avenue,  but  most  of  the  relics  are  donations 
from  Maria  G.  Carr,  Mrs.  E.  E.  Atwater,  and  various  business  firms  who 
were  burnt  out.  The  Historical  Society  also  has  the  key  to  the  vault-door  in 
the  office  of  the  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Chicago,  which 
was  destroyed  together  with  $1,500,000  in  currency  and  the  books  and 
vouchers  in  the  office.  The  key  was  presented  by  Henry  H.  Nash,  Cashier, 
Large  oil  paintings  of  General  Grant,  J.  Young  Scammon  and  Miss  Sneed 
(the  woman  who,  Napoleon  thought,  was  the  most  beautiful  in  the  world), 
which  were  saved  from  the  fire,  adorn  the  walls  of  the  society's  room.  Mrs. 
Carr's  collection  is  a  curious  one  among  the  burned,  melted,  scorched  and 
twisted  things  being  a  bunch  of  forks,  a  mass  of  type,  bunch  of  tacks,  pack 
of  cards,  a  lot  of  knitting-needles,  a  spool  of  thread  from  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.'s 
dry-goods  house  at  Madison  and  Franklin  streets,  hooks  and  eyes,  a  package 
of  buttons,  three  Jew's-harps  thimbles,  marbles,  a  bundle  of  melted  glass,  a 
piece  of  glass  from  Bowen  Bros..  Lake  street;  an  old  fashioned  clay  pipe, 
china  dolls'  head,  three  crucibles,  a  door  bell,  penknives,  ene  being  found 
under  the  site  of  a  pulpit;  a  package  of  glass  beads  from  Schweitzer  & 
Beer's  store,  a  bundle  of  screws,  a  walking  cane  without  head  or  ferrule, 
necks  of  glass  bottles  from  Jasger's  place,  and  a  package  of  slate  pencils 
from  the  Western  News  Company's  place.  In  Mrs.  Atwater's  collection  is  a 
lumpof  black  stuff  which  was  coffee  once  upon  a  time, labeled,  "Browned  too 
Much/'  remnants  of  the  stock  of  a  toy  house,  china  dolls  and  playthings,  a 
bundle  of  hair-pins,  scissors,  rosaries  without  the  crucifix,  glass  beads,  and  a 
jet  necklace  well  preserved,  a  box  of  charred  biscuits  from  the  ruins  of  Dr. 
Rice's  church  a  lot  of  stained  and  plain  window-glass  from  various  city 
churches,  and  a  variety  of  blackened  cups  and  saucers  from  the  ruins  of 
crockery  houses. 

Farragut  Monument,  Lincoln  Park. — The  local  G.  A.  R.  Posts  are  engaged 
in  devising  means  for  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  Admiral  Farragut,  in 
Lincoln  Park. 

Grant  Statue,  Galena. — H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  of  this  city,  presented  the  citizens 
of  Galena  with  a  statue  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  which  was  unveiled  in  the 
presence  of  a  distinguished  gathering  on  January  3,  1891,  little  Pauline 
Kohlsaat,  daughter  of  the  donor,  removing  the  covering.  The  oration  was 
delivered  by  Chauncy  Depew,  of  New  York.  The  statue  is  of  bronze,  and 
represents  the  old  commander  standing  in  a  characteristic  attitude,  with  one 
hand  thrust  carelessly  in  his  trousers'  pocket  and  the  other  resting  lightly  in 
his  vest.  It  stands  on  a  handsome  base  in  Grant  Park.  Trains  for  Galena, 
General  Grant's  old  home,  may  be  taken  at  the  Northwestern  depot,  Wells 
and  Kiiizie  streets. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


403 


Foreign  Coin,  Value  of,  in  United  States  Money. — The  United  States  Gov- 
ernment in  1891  declared  the  following  statement  of  the  value  of  foreign 
coin  in  United  States  money  as  official.  Foreign  visitors  in  Chicago  may 
exchange  their  national  coin  at  any  of  the  leading  banking  houses  or  money 
brokers'  offices  at  a  small  cost  for  exchange. 


Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary 
Unit. 

Value 
in 
terms 

ufs. 

gold 
dollar. 

A  RGESTINK  REPUBLIC  

Gold  and  Silver 
Silver  

Peso 

$0.96.5 
38.1 
19.3 
77.1 
54.6 

l.CO 

77.1 
91.2 

1.13.9 
1.27 

77.1 

9^.6 

26.8 
77.1 

4.94.3 
19.3 
19.3 
23.8 
4.86.6J4 
1P.3 
96.5 
36.6 
19.3 
99.7 
83.1 
1.00 
83.7 
40.2 
1.01.4 
26.8 
77.1 
1.08 
61.7 
19.3 
26.8 
19.3 

69.5 
4.4 
15.4 

AUSTKI  A-HUNGARY  

Florin 

BtLGIUM                     

Gold  and  Silver 
Silver  

Franc  
Boliviano  
Milreis  

Dollar 

BOLIVIA  

111!.  \  /I  I.  

BRITISH   POSSESSIONS,   N.  A.   (except  NEW- 

Gold  
Gold  '.. 

CENTRAL  AMERICAN  STATES- 
COSTA    RICA,    GUATEMALA,    HONDURAS, 
NICARAGUA.  SALVADOR  

Silver  

Peso  .    ... 

Gold  and  Silver 
Silver  

Tael— 
(  Shanghai  — 
-<  Haikwan.  .  . 
/    (customs) 
Peso  
Peso  

COLOMBIA        .  .  .           

Silver  
Gold  and  Silver 
Gold  

CUBA             *   

DENMARK   .      .            .         

ECUADOR            

Silver  

Sucre. 

EGYPT          

Gold... 

Pound   (100 
piastres)  
Mark 

FINLAND  

Gold  

FRANCE    

Gold  and  Silver 
Gold  
Gold. 

Franc       .. 

GERM  A.N  EMPIRE  

Mark  
Pound  Sterlg. 
Drachma  

GREAT  BRITAIN                  

GREECE  

Gold  and  Silver 
Gold  and  Silver 
Silver  

H  AYTI                    

INDIA  ...        

ITALY        

Gold  and  Silver 
Gold  and  Silver 
Gold  

Lira.  
Y         (Gold... 
Yen-  1  Silver- 
Dollar 

JAPAN      .        

LIBERIA                     

MEXICO  

Silver  .  ... 

Dollar  
Florin         .  . 

NETHERLANDS  

Gold  and  Silver 
Gold 

NEWFOUNDLAND       

Dollar 

NORWAY  
PERU           

Gold  
Silver  

Crown  
Sol.. 

PORTUGAL  ,  
RUSSIA  

Gold  
Silver 

Milreis  
Ruble 

SPAIN    

Gold  and  Silver 
Gold  
Gold  and  Silver 
Silver  

Peseta. 

SWEDEN  
SWITZERLAND  

Crown  

TRIPOLI        

Mahbub  of  20 
piastres  .   ... 
Piastre  
Bolivar.. 

TURKEY   
VENEZUELA..  . 

Gold.  .  . 

Silver  .  .  . 

Fort  Dearborn. — The  site  of  Fort  Dearborn  [see  "Chicago  As  It  "Was"], 
is  now  covered  by  a  wholesale  grocery  house,  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  ave- 


404  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 


Goose  Island. — Located  on  the  North  branch  of  the  Chicago  river  and 
covered  with  immense  manufactories,  lumber  yards,  etc.,  and  surrounded  by 
docks.  It  is  becoming  one  of  the  most  valuable  centers  in  Chicago.  An  effort 
has  been  made  to  change  the  name  from  Goose  to  Ogden  Island,  but  this  was 
defeated  and  the  histor.c  appellation  retained.  It  derives  it  name  from  its 
shape  which  resembles  the  body  of  a  goose. 

Drake  Fountain. — To  occupy  space  between  the  City  Hall  and  Court 
House  buildings,  Washington  street  frontage.  Presented  to  the  city  by  Mr. 
John  .B  Drake.  It  is  to  be  Gothic  in  style,  and  will  be  composed  of  granite 
from  Baviuo,  Itaty.  The  base  is  sixteen  feet  square,  length  thirty-five  feet. 
The  design  includes  a  pedestal,  on  the  front  of  which  will  be  placed  a 
bronze  utatue  of  Christopher  Columbus,  seven  feet  high,  which  is  to  be  cast 
in  the  royal  foundry  at  Rome.  The  statue  will  be  the  work  of  the  celebrated 
sculptor,  R  H.  Park.  From  a  clay  model  it  is  learned  that  Mr.  Park  has 
represented  his  subject  as  a  student  rather  than  as  a  navigator,  standing  in 
an  easy  pose,  the  weight  of  the  body  resting  on  the  right  leg,  the  head  thrown 
forward  and  the  eyes  regarding  a  small  terrt'stml  globe  which  the  figure  holds 
in  the  left  hand,  the  light  holding  a  pair  of  compass<  s  and  resting  on  the  hip 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  draw  the  folds  of  the  tunic  backwards,  and  show 
the  form  to  better  advantage. 

In  modeling  the  features  Mr.  Park  has  consulted  reproductions  of  all  the 
alleged  portraits  of  Columbus,  but  has  relied  more  upon  descriptions  of  him 
quoted  from  various  sources  and  in  Traducci's  "Life  of  Columbus"  for  the 
character  expressed.  The  fountain  is  to  be  provided  with  an  ice  chamber 
capable  of  holding  two  tons  of  ice,  and  is  to  be  surrounded  with  a  water  pipe 
containing  ten  faucets,  each  supplied  with  a  bronze  cup.  The  entire  cost 
will  be  $15,000.  Mr.  Drake's  generous  gift  to  the  city  is  to  be  ready  for  pub- 
lic use  in  1892,  and  it  will  thus  be  happily  commemorative  of  the  400lh  anni- 
versary of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus. 

Free  Kindergartens.  —  All  Souls'  Kindergarten,  3939  Langley  ave. ; 
Armour  Mission  Kindergarten,  33d  st.  and  Armour  ave.;  Bethesda  Mission 
Kindergarten,  409  S.Clark;  Bohemian  Mission  Kindergarten,  711  Loomis  et.; 
Borland  Kindergarten,  Horace  Maun  School,  cor.  37th  si.  and  Portland  ave.; 
Hrcnnan  Public  School  Kindergarten,  Brighton  Public  School  Kindergarten, 
Drexel  Ki  idergirten,  Riymond  School,  Priederich  Froebel Kindergarten, cor. 
12t,h  and  Halstedsts. ;  Hancock  Public  School  Kindergarten,  Herford  Kinder- 
garten, (Morning),  405  22d  st.;  Hull  House  Kindergarten,  335  South 
Halsted  st. ;  Immanuel  Baptist  Church  Kindergarten,  2306  State  st.j 
Italian  Kindergarten,  505  S.  Clark  st.;  Kate  C.  Richardson's  Memqrial 
Kindergarten,  Memorial  Baptist  Church,  Oakland  Boulevard,  near  Cottage 
Grove  ave.;  Kindergarten,  171  Division  st.;  King's  Daughters'  Kinder- 
garten, 5304  Jiff  is. 11  ave.;  Kinzie  Public  School  Kindergarten,  Peck 
Public  School  Kindergarten  (Afternoon),  Porter  Memorial  Kindergarten, 
cor.  12th  st.  and  Ashland  ave.;  Raymond  Mission  Kindergarten,  cor. 
30th  and  Poplar  sts. ;  Sedgwick  St.  Chapel  Kindergarten,  388  Sedgwickst.; 
St.  Pius  Convent  Kindergarten,  cor.  Ashland  ave.  and  20th  M.;  St.  Pius  Mon- 
astery Kindergarten,  cor.  19th  and  Paulina  sts.;  Talcott  Day  .Nursery  Kinder- 


C  >-i 

rt  H  . 

^  < 

^  5: 

H      I 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  405 

garten  No.  1, 169  W.  Adams  st. ;  Talcott  Day  Nursery  Kindergarten  No.  2, 
581  Austin  ave. ;  The  Creche  Kindergarten,  cor.  24th  st.  and  Wabash  ave.; 
The  Bordeu  Kindergarten,  517  and  519  Milwaukee  ave.;  Unity  Industrial 
School  Kindergarten,  80  Elm  st. 

Grant  Statue,  Lincoln  Park. — Situated  on  the  North  Shore  Drive,  Lin- 
coln Park.  Take  the  North  Clark  St.  or  Wells  St.  cable  Une.  A  magnificent 
monument  to  the  memory  of  the  great  general  of  the  Civil  War.  The 
sculpter  was  Louis  T.  Rebisso,  au  exile  from  his  native  land  for  the  part  he 
took  in  striving  to  establish  a  republic  in  Italy,  Whilst  the  signs  of  public 
mourning  were  still  visible  in  Chicago  there  was  a  spontaneous  movement 
for  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  General  Grant.  To  suggest  was  to  act; 
to  act  was  to  execute.  Within  a  year  the  requisite  fund  was  subscribed, 
and  an  award  of  $200  made  to  Rebisso  of  Cincinnati  for  presenting  the  most 
acceptable  design.  The  result  is  before  the  public  in  the  unique  equestrian 
group  unveiled  amid  the  impressive  ceremonies  of  October  7,  1891.  There 
have  been  many  attempts  in  sculpture  to  image  General  Grant,  but  we  can 
recall  none  more  successful  than  Mr.  Rebisso's.  ^  The  physical  proportions 
of  the  mejestic  figure  are  as  faultless  as  the  facial  expression.  Grant  was 
about  five  feet  seven  inches  high,  with  a  well-knit  frame,  the  image  of  con- 
scious strength  and  matchless  endurance.  He  had  a  square  and  spacious 
forehead,  a  strong  lower  jaw  and  firm-set  lips.  His  hair  and  whiskers  were 
always  worn  short.  His  habitual  expression  indicated  repose  and  firmness, 
without  assumpiiou  or  severity.  No  more  imposingand  successful  specimen 
of  monumental  art  graces  any  city  in  the  United  States.  The  view  of  it 
presented  in  THE  STANDAUD  GUIDE  is  a  pleasing  one.  The  general  is  in  full 
uniform,  mounted  and  in  the  attitude  of  critical  inspection.  Grasping  a 
field-glass  in  his  right  hand,  h«  rests  it  in  an  easy  and  wholly  unstudied  man- 
ner upon  his  right  thigh,  as  after  having  taken  a  careful  survey  of  the  field. 
The  pose  of  the  human  figure  suggests  a  concentration  of  thought,  and  the 
confidence  begot  of  self-reliance.  Apparently  he  is  observing  the  execution 
of  an  order  in  some  movement  of  the  troops.  Both  horse  and  rider  are  in  a 
state  of  vigilant  yet  firm  repose.  With  the  single  exception  of  President 
Lincolu's,  no  face  and  figure  are  more  familiar  to  the  American  people  than 
General  Grant's.  The  colossal  bronze  statue  at  the  park  measures  eighteen 
feet  three  inches  in  height  from  the  bottom  of  the  plinth  to  tlie  highest  point. 
It  is  the  largest  bronze  casting  ever  attempted  in  this  country.  The  dedica- 
tion occurred  on  ihe  afternoon  of  October  7,  at  two  o'clock.  The  ceremonies 
were  most  impressive,  and  was  witnessed  by  no  fewer  than  100,000  persons. 
The  ceremonies  were  intrusted  to  a  committee  composed  of  the  Hon.  Jesse 
Spalding,  chairman;  Col.  A.  C.  Ducat,  invitations;  Col.  Freeman  Connor, 
Grand  Army;  Capt.  D.  II.  Gile,  National  Guard;  Maj.  G.  H.  Heafford,  trans- 
p»rtHtir>n;  Capt.  J.  T.  McAuly,  secretary;  Col.  M.  D.  Briggs,  civic  societies. 
The  military  and  civic  parade  was  the  largest  and  grandest  ever  witnessed  ou 
this  continent. 

Great  Clocks  of  the  City.— In  the  old  days  before  the  building  was 
destroyed  everybody's  time  was  regulated  by  the  Court  House  bell,  and  it  is  said 
that  for  some  time  after  the  fire  there  were  no  two  watches  or  clocks  in  town 
that  agreed.  It  is  only  withiu^the  last  few  years  that  public  time  pieces  have 
appeared.  People  down  town" in  the  vicinity  of  the  Custom  House  consult 
the  clock  in  the  Board  of  Trade  tower  and  the  Custom  House  clock.  The 


406  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

largest  v^ock  in  the  city  is  that  in  the  tower  of  the  new  Grand  Central  Depot 
Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  There  are  also  great  clocks  at  the  North- Western 
and  Rock  Island.  The  Central  Music  Hall  has  a  fine  clock,  so  has  the  Inter 
Ocean  building,  the  Tobey  Furniture  Company  building,  McAvoy's  Brewery, 
the  North  Division  railroad  office,  and  the  Jesuit  Church  on  Twelfth  st.  The 
Manasse  chronometer  in  the  Tribune  building  is  consulted  more  than  any  in 
the  city,  but  there  are  innumerable  clocks  regulated  by  electricity  throughout 
the  city  now.  These  are  operated  from  the  Western  Union  telegraph  office. 

Hardware. — There  are  300  retail  hardware  and  cutlery  stores  in  Chicago. 

IFnymarket  Massacre. — Night  of  May  4,  1886.  Take  West  Randolph 
street  car  and  alight  at  the  Police  Monument.  The  title  is  a  misnomer. 
The  tragedy  recalled  to  mind  by  the  name  in  reality  occurred  on  De-splaines 
St.,  between  the  Haymarket  and  the  alley  which  runs  east  from  Desplaines 
St.,  south  of  Crane  Brothers'  manufacturing  establishment.  The  wagon 
from  which  the  anarchist  speakers  addressed  the  mob  stood  directly  in 
front  of  Crane  Brothers'  steps,  about  eight  feet  north  of  this  alley.  The 
bomb  was  thrown  from  the  mouth  of  the  alley  and  exploded  between  the 
second  and  third  companies  of  policemen,  as  the  six  companies  were  halting 
close  to  the  wagon.  The  bomb  thrower  unquestionably  made  his  escape 
through  the  alley,  which  connects  with  another  opening  on  Randolph  st., 
east  of  the  Haymarket.  Seven  policemen  were  killed  outright,  or  died 
shortly  afterward  of  their  wounds,  as  a  result  of  the  explosion.  A  large  num- 
ber of  policemen  were  badly  and  permanently  injured.  How  many  of  those 
in  the  mob  were  killed  or  died  afterward  of  the  injuries  they  received  in  the 
police  fusillade  which  followed  the  explosion  has  never  beep  known,  for  their 
bodies  were  quietly  buried  and  their  wounds  concealed  by  their  friends  whenever 
possible.  The  arrest  of  the  leaders,  Fielden,  Spies,  Engel,  Lingg,  Neebe, 
Schwab,  Fischer,  the  searching  of  the  Arbeiter  Zeitung  office,  on  the  east  side  of 
Fifth  av., near  Washington  st., and  the  discovery  there  of  a  vast  supply  of  dyna- 
mite, arms,  bombs  and  infernal  machines;  the  discovery  of  bombs  in  different 
parts  of  the  city,  under  sidewalks,  in  lumber  yards  and  at  the  homes  of  the 
anarchists;  the  sensational  surrender  of  Parsons,  who  had  taken  flight  on  the 
night  of  the  massacre;  the  long  trial,  the  speeches,  the  sentence,  the  appeal;  the 
refusal  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  to  interfere;  the  efforts  made 
to  have  the  death  sentence  commuted;  the  day  of  execution,  the  llth  of 
November,  1887;  the  shocking  suicide  of  the  "  tiger  anarchist,"  Lingg,  in 
his  cell  at  the  jail;  the  hanging  of  Parsons,  Spies,  Engel  and  Fischer,  the 
commutation  of  the  death  sentences  of  Fielden  and  Schwab  to  life  imprison- 
ment, all  contributed  toward  the  popular  excitement  which  followed  the 
fatal  4th  of  May  and  continued  until  the  gallows  and  the  prison  had  per- 
formed the  parts  assigned  them  by  the  law.  The  executed  anarchists  are 
buried  at  Waldheim  Cemetery.  [See  "Waldheim  Cemetery."]  The  cell  in 
which  Lingg  committed  suicide  is  directly  in  front  of  the  "cage"  in  the 
county  jail.  The  other  anarchists  occupied  cells  in  the  same  row.  [See 
County  Jail.]  The  police  monument  at  the  intersection  of  Randolph  and 
Desplaines  sts.  (Haymarket  Square)  was  erected  by  the  citizens  of  Chicago  in 
honor  of  the  brave  officers  who  risked  or  sacrificed  their  lives  in  defense  of 
the  law.  and  in  commemoration  of  the  death  of  anarchy  in  this  city. 

Jlaymarkel  Square. — That  portion  of  W.  Randolph  st.  between  Desplaines 
and  Ilalsted  sts.,  West  Side.  Take  Randolph  st.  cars.  Near  the  east  end  of 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  407 

the  square  for  many  years  stood  the  West  Side  Market  House,  a  part  of  which 
wasoccupied  as  a  police  station.  The  square  is  now  entirely  open,  the  police 
monument  which  stands  at  the  intersection  of  Randolph  and  Desplaines  sts. 
being  the  only  obstruction  in  the  broad  thoroughfare.  To  the  north  of  the 
monument,  on  Desplaines  St.,  the  bomb  was  thrown  on  the  night  of  May  4, 
1886.  [See  Haymarket  Massacre.] 

Hell  Gate  Crossing. — By  far  the  most  dangerous  street  intersection  in 
Chicago  is  at  Randolph  and  LaSalle,  where  all  cars  of  the  North  and  West 
Side  cable  systems  pass,  two  of  the  tracks  curving  around  corners  and  the 
ringing  of  bells  by  the  gripmcn  making  a  din  bewildering  to  pedestrians. 

Hirsch  Monument. — Erected  by  Sinai  Congregation  in  honor  of  the  late 
Dr.  Samuel  Hirsch,  at  Rose  Hill  Cemetery.  The  monument  is  a  plain  marble 
shaft.  It  bears  the  following  inscription:  "Erected  by  Chicago  Sinai  con- 
gregation, the  first  to  adopt  without  compromise  or  hesitation  the  principles 
he  taught,  and  consecrated  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Samuel  Hirsch.  Born  in 
Thalfangen,  Prussia,  June  8,  1815,  he  died  in  Chicago  May  14,  '89.  For  fifty 
years  of  active  life  as  rabbi,  both  in  Europe  and  the  United  States,  he  was  the 
most  fearless  and  consisteut  champion  of  enlightened,  liberal  Judaism,  and 
by  wards  of  mouth  and  pen  never  tired  of  holding  its  tenets  as  fundamentally 
the  doctrine  destined  to  be  the  religion  of  humanity,  looking  neither  to  the 
right  nor  to  the  left,  but  confident  of  the  invincible  power  of  (ruth.  Those 
who  now  lag  behind  will  follow,  and  those  who  now  oppose  will  endorse  our 
movement." 

Illinois  Central  General  Passenger  Depot. — New  depot  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railway  will  consist  of.  a  train-shed,  600  feet  long  by  over  150  feet  wide. 
It  will,  of  course,  contain  ticket  offices,  waiting-rooms,  restaurant  annexes, 
etc.,  all  fitted  up  in  the  most  modern  style. 

Immediately  skirting  the  lake,  extending  southward  from  Park  Row,  over 
Twelfth  st.  very  nearly  to  Thirteenth,  it  will  be  made  in  beauty  of  design 
and  vastness  of  proportions  one  of  the  most  striking  architectural  features  of 
Chicago  viewed  from  the  lake. 

For  a  \ong  time  the  Illinois  Central  people  have  been  anxious  to  build  a 
new  depot.  In  common  with  the  citizens  at  large  they  recognized  the  build- 
ing of  such  as  an  absolute  necessity.  Several  insuperable  obstacles  intervened, 
however,  to  prevent  the  realization  of  their  desires  as  at  first  projected. 

The  property  at  the  foot  of  Randolph  street  on  which  the  depot  stands 
at  present  is  owned  jointly  by  the  Illinois  Central  and  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road Companies.  Both  corporations  were  of  one  mind  as  to  the  necessity  of 
a  new  depot.  They  differed,  however,  when  it  came  to  the  disposition  of  the 
depot  when  built.  The  Michigan  Central  Company  wished  to  exclude  all 
rival  companies  —  the  Illinois  Central,  of  course,  excepted  —  from  the 
use  of  thenew  depot.  The  Illinois  Central  took  a  position  directly 
opposite,  and  desired  to  place  the  new  station  at  the  disposal  of  any  company 
wishing  to  use  it.  As  agreement,  as  far  as  regarded  the  jointly-owned 
site,  was  practically  impossible,  the  Illinois  Central  Company  resolved 
to  build  where  it  would  have  sole  and  undisputed  ownership  and  control 


408 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 


Indebtedness  of  Chicago.  — Tiie  assessed  valuation  for  taxation  of  property 
of  all  kinds  in  the  State  of  Illinois  is  probably  lower  in  proportion  to 
its  actual,  or  selling,  value  than  in  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  Comparison 
shows  the  aggregate  of  the  assessed  valuation  for  taxation  of  the  street  rail- 
ways of  Chicago,  of  the  national  banks  and  of  all  the  real  estate  in  the  city  of 
Chicago  transferred  during  the  three  mouths  ended  April  30,  1891  (where  tlie 
consideration  was  $1,000  or  over),  to  be  only  $7,886,779,  as  against  an  actual 
selling  value  of  $94,972,626,  obtained  by  adding  ttie  last  bid  prices  on  the 
Chicago  Stock  Exchange  for  stocks  of  the  banks  and  stocks  and  bonds  of  the 
street  railways,  and  the  consideration  expressed  in  deeds;  that  is,  the  assessed 
valuation  is  only  about  one-fourteenth  of  the  actual  selling  value. 

This  low  assessed  valuation  of  property  in  Chicago  is  further  shown  when 
we  compare  the  population  and  assessed  valuation  of  the  six  leading  cities  of 
the  United  States: 


City. 


Pop.  U.  S. 
Census  1890. 


New  York 1,515,301 


Chicago. 


Philadelphia 1,048,964 


City. 


Pop.  U.  S. 
Census  1890. 


Brook  yn 806,343 


,1  >99/ 50  St.  Louis. 


4H.770 


Boston 4t8,477 


CITY. 

Assessed 
Valuation. 

Net  Debt. 

Debt  pei- 
capita. 

Ass'ed  value 
per  capita. 

$l,69l>,978,:i90 

$9,V16!,073 

$65 

81,120 

Chicago             

219,ar>4,3<>8 

i  3.554,900 

13 

199 

Phiindelphia  

713,902,842 

23,119^,576 

22 

682 

452,874,  51 

34,639,542 

4° 

562 

St.  Louis  

245,088,770 

21/25,1(4 

47 

643 

Boston      .    

76\353,648 

28,321,788 

63 

1,707 

It  will  be  noted  that,  notwithstanding  the  very  low  assessed  valuation  of 
property  in  Chicago,  the  total  debt  of  Chicago  per  capita  is  less  than  a  fifth  of 
the  debt  per  capita  of  either  New  York  or  Boston  and  is  the  lowest  per  capita 
of  any  of  the  six  cities  named. 

Inter-State  Exposition. — Occupied  an  immense  building  on  the  Lake  Front, 
from  1875  to  1892,  when  the  structure  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for  the 
permanent  Art  gallery.  Expositions  were  given  annually  which  attracted 
thousands  of  strangers,  and  for  a  time  were  quite  popular  with  residents. 
Fat  stock  shows,  etc.,  were  also  held  here.  Some  of  the  greatest  political 
conventions  [See  National  Political  Conventions]  ever  assembled  in  this  coun- 
try were  held  here.  The  building  iu  its  later  days  became  an  eye-sore  to  the 
public. 

J.  V.  Farwell  Company. — The  great  dry  goods  house  of  J.  V.  Farwell  & 
Co.,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world,  and  doing  a  business  of  over  $40,000  000 
per  annum,  was  incorporated  as  a  stock  company  on  Deceml  er  13, 1890.  The 
board  of  directors  are:  C.  B.  Farwell,  J.  K.  Harmon.  J.  V.  Farwell,  Jr.,  J.  T. 
Chumasero,  F.  P.  Potter,  J.  E.  Downs  find  8.  Farwell.  The  officers  arc: 
C.  B.  Farwell,  president;  J.  K.  Harmon,  vice- president;  J.  V.  Farwell,  Jr., 
treasurer;  J.  T.  Chumasero,  secretary. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  409 

Kenwood  Physical  Observatory. — One  of  the  best  equipped  astronomical 
stations  in  the  country.  Dedicated  1892.  The  observatory  is  located  at  Grand 
avenue  and  Forty-sixth  street,  and  is  the  gift  of  W.  E.  Hale,  of  the  Hale 
Elevator  Company,  to  his  so~n,  George  E.  Hale,  recently  graduated  from 
college.  Young  Mr.  Hale  has  been  a  devoted  student  of  astronomical  science 
for  several  years,  and  his  enthusiasm  so  interested  his  father  that  the  latter 
determined  to  build  an  observatory  which  could  justly  be  so  called. 

The  observatory  is  unique  as  being  the  first  private  investment  of  the 
kind  in  the  city.  The  building  and  telescope  represent  an  outlay  of  about 
$20,000.  The  building  is  a  finely  decorated  structure  of  two  stories.  A 
revolving  dome  surmounts  the  whole  and  electric  lights  from  spt  cial  dynamos 
furnish  illumination.  The  telescope  is  a  twelve-iuch  refracting  .equatorial. 
It  was  built  especially  to  carry  the  spectroscope.  The  total  length  c.f  the 
instrument  is  22%  feet.  The  rotating  dome  is  26^  feet  in  diameter.  The 
telescope  was  built  by  Warner  &  Swasey,  of  Cleveland,  O.  The  spectroscope 
was  manufactured  by  J.  A.  Brashear,  of  Allegheny  CLy,  Pa. 

Kosciusko  Monument. — Projected  by  the  Kosciusko  Monument  Association, 
which  proposes  to  erect  a  $25,000  statue  to  the  Polish  patiiot  at  Humboldt 
park. 

Labor  Temple. — Plans  have  been  drawn  for  the  construction  of  a  great 
Labor  Temple  in  this  city  to  cost  $500,000.  It  is  to  cover  150x150 
feet  in  area,  and  from  twelve  to  fifteen  stories  high.  The  plans  at  pres- 
ent are  to  have  the  first  floor  devoted  to  stores,  the  second  to  a  large 
hall;  the  four  upper  stories  to  a  hotel,  and  the  remainder  to  lodge  rooms  and 
offices  for  headquarters  of  the  various  unions.  The  matter  is  in  the  hands  of 
the  Building  and  improvement  Company  of  which  the  following  are  officeis: 
Homer  Cooke,  president;  Wallis  K.  Cook,  vice-president;  E.  J.  Blcs&ington, 
secretary;  J.  E.  Buckbee,  assistant  secretary;  Chas.  S.  Simmons,  treasurer; 
D.  R.  W., Williams,  general  agent. 

Logan  Statue. — To  be  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  late  General  and 
Senator,  John  A.  Logan.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Gen.  Logan,  in  1887,  the 
Illinois  Legislature  passed  an  act  appropriating  $50,000  fora  monument  of 
John  A.  Logan  and  for  the  appointment  of  commissioners  therefor.  The 
monument  was  to  b«  erected  "  at  such  point  in  the  City  of  Chicago  or  else- 
where in  the  State  of  Illinois  as  may  be  selected  by  his  widow,"  and  the 
commissioners  were  authorized  and  empowered  to  receive  proposals  and  to 
contract  for  the  completion  of  such  monument  and  to  receive  subscriptions 
therefor.  It  was  further  provided,  that  if  the  place  selected  for  the  monu- 
ment should  be  a  public  park,  the  commissioners  in  charge  of  such  park 
should  be  "  authorized,  empowered,  and  directed  to  place  the  monument  upon 
a  site  so  selected  by  said  widow,  and  to  provide  that  such  monument  shall  b'e 
made  the  permanent  resting  place  of  the  remains  of  said  John  A.  Logan  and 
of  his  willow  after  her  death."  When  the  bill  was  passed  in  1887  it  was  the 
intention  to  erect  the  monument  some  place  in  the  South  Parks.  The  com- 
missioners, or  a  majority  of  them,  expressed  an  intention  to  erect  the  pedestal, 
and  it  was  proposed  to  enlarge  the  appropriation  for  the  monument  by  popu- 
lar subscription;  by  subscription  among  the  veteran  soldiers  and  among  the 
friends  and  admirers  of  the  dead  soldier-statesman.  But,  as  time  passed  on, 
there  were  no  subscriptions  from  any  source,  and  the  promoters  of  the  project 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  $50,000  appropriated  by  the  State  would  be  the 
only  available  fund.  The  commissioners  appointed  under  the  act  for  the 


410  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

erection  of  the  monument  were  Henry  W.  Blodgett,  W.  C.  Goudy,  Robert  T. 
Lincoln,  John  M.  Palmer,  Milton  Hay,  Richard  S.  Tuthill,  William  H, 
1 1  ii-per,  Melville  W.  Fuller,  John  R.  Walsh  Oliver  A.  Harker,  William  S. 
Morris,  and  George  W.  Smith.  It  is  understood  that  'he  original  purpose  to 
make  the  monument  "  the  permamanent  resting  place  of  Gen.  Logan  and  of 
his  widow  after  her  death  "  has  been  abandoned.  The  statue  will  be  erected 
before  the  opening  of  the  World's  Fair. 

Market  Squares. — There  have  been  no  public  market  houses  in  Chicago 
for  a  number  of  years,  but  back  in  the  early  days  of  the  city  one  stood  in  each 
of  the  three  divisions.  The  South  Side  market  was  on  State  St.,  between 
Randolph  and  South  Water  sts.;  the  West  Side  market  was  on  Haymarket 
square,  and  the  North  Side  market  was  on  Michigan  St.,  where  the  Criminal 
Court  building  and  jail  now  stand.  The  Haymahket  massacre  occurred  near 
the  site  of  the  West  Side  market.  Mayor  Wcntworth  piled  all  the  overhang- 
ing signs,  which  he  tore  down  during  his  second  administration,  on  the  South 
Side  site,  and  Stephen  A.  Douglas  was  mobbed  on  the  North  Side  site. 
Police  stations  were  located  in  each  of  these  market  houses,  and  the  upper 
floors  were  used  as  town  or  public  halls. 

Mayors  of  Chicago. — Following  is  a  list  of  the  mayors  of  Chicago  from 
theincorporationof  tbe  city  to  the  present  time:  William  B.  Ogden,  Buckner 
S.  Morris,  Benjamin  W.  Raymond,  Alexander  Loyd,  Francis  C.  Sherman, 
Augustus  Garrett,  Alson  S.  Sherman,  John  Putnam  Chapin,  James  Curtiss, 
James  H.  Wordworth,  Walter  S.  Gurnee,  Charles  M.  Gray,  Isaac  L.  Milliken, 
Levi  D.  Boone,  Thomas  Dyer,  John  Wentworth,  John  C.  Haines,  Julian  S. 
Rumsay,  John  B.  Rice,  Roswell  B.  Mason,  Joseph  Medill,  Harvey  D.  Colvin, 
Monroe  Heath,  Carter  H.  Harrison,  John  A.  Roche,  DeWitt  C.  Cregier, 
Hempstead  Washburne. 

Meat  Markets. — There  are  1,400  retail  meat  markets  in  Chicago. 

Michigan  Avenue. — Formerly  a  residence  street  along  the  Lake  Park,  has 
changed  materially  within  a  few  years.  It  is  now  Michigan  blvd.  It  will 
probably  become  the  great  hotel  avenue  of  the  city.  At  present  some  of  the 
grandest  structures  in  Chicago  are  located  along  its  west  side.  At  Adams  st. 
is  the  Brunswick,  and  on  the  opposite  corner  is  the  Pullman  building, 
which  is  more  or  less  of  a  hotel.  On  the  northeast  'corner  cf  Jackson 
street  is  located  the  Argyle  apartment  building,  which  is  really  a 
large  family  hotel.  North  of  it,  on  the  ground  owned  by  the  Jennings 
estate,  and  occupied  by  Leroy  Payne's  stables,  there  will  be  a  hotel. 
On  the  southwest  corner  is  the  Leland,  and  then  the  Richelieu.  Next  comes 
the  Beaurivage,  which  has  been  remodeled  into  a  hotel  by  the  owner, 
L.  J.  McCormick,  who  will  call  it  the  Victoria.  These  three  hotels  occupy 
the  entire  block  between  Jackson  and  VanBuren  sts.  At  the  northeast  corner 
of  Congress  st.  is  the  greatest  of  all,  the  Auditorium.  Within  three  or  four 
years  the  Auditorium  Hotel  Company  will  acquire  possession  of  the  Stude- 
baker  building,  which  adjoins  it  on  the  north,  and  which  will  be  re  arranged 
so  as  to  be  suitable  for  hotel  purposes.  Between  Harrison  and  Twelfth  sts. 
there  are  several  large  apartment  buildings  which  answer  the  same  purpose  as 
family  hotels.  At  Park  Row  and  Twelfth  st.  is  the  site  selected  for  the  new 
hotel,  which  will  rival  the  Auditorium.  Along  the  avenue  south  of  Four- 
teenth to  Twentieth  st.  are  a  number  of  apartment  houses  which  can  be 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  411 

classed  as  family  hotels.  At  Twenty -first  st.  a  big  hotel,  to  be  known  as  the 
"  Fairbanks'/'  will  be  built.  The  Batchelder  interests  will  build  at  Twenty- 
second  st.,  and  at  Twenty-third  st.  the  magnificent  Hotel  Metropole  is  being 
builded.  There  will  be  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Thirty-fifth  st.  a  large 
apartment  building.  These  different  enterprises  are  gradually  changing 
Michigan  ave.  from  a  thoroughfare  of  fine  residences  to  a  semi-business  st., 
which  has  no  parallel  in  Chicago. 

Milk  Supply  of  Chicago. — R.  M.  Littler,  secretary  of  the  Chicago  Produce 
Exchange,  and  also  wf  the  National  'Dairyman's  Association,  has  complied 
figures  showing  something  of  the  extent  of  the  milk  traffic  of  this  city  (pas 
year  1891).  Chicago's  dairy  farm  is  a  large  one,  extending  away  into  tie 
southern  edge  of  Wisconsin,  and  west  and  south  a  distance  of  more  than  one 
hundred  miles.  The  milk  is  collected  daily  from  individual  farmers  and 
rapidly  forwarded  to  the  city  on  fast  express  trains,  many  of  which  are 
engaged  solely  in  this  business,  making  the  long  distance  named  in  three 
hours,  arriving  here  in  early  morning.  The  milk  is  carried  in  cans  of  ei^ht 
gallons  each,  and  about  12,000  cans  arrive  daily  at  the  several  depots,  chiefly 
on  the  West  Side.  The  100,000  gallons  of  milk  received  every  morning 
represent  a  wholesale  price  of  14  cents  per  gallon,  or  a  daily  milk  bill  of 
$14,000,  making  a  yearly  total  of  rather  more  than  $5,000,000.  Of  course  the 
sum  finally  paid  by  1,200,000  consumers  at  the  retail  price  asked  is  much 
larger  than  the  above — perhaps  double.  Taking  as  an  average  daily  yield 
two  gallons  for  each  cow  it  will  be  seen  that  in  order  to  keep  the  city  supplied 
50,000  cows  are  on  duty  each  day.  From  official  returns  of  other  cities  in 
this  country  it  appears  that  Chicago  uses  more  milk  per  capita  than  the 
large  centers  in  the  East.  This  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that  here  there  is 
relatively  little  condensed  milk  consumed.  In  many  of  the  chief  cities  and 
towns  of  the  Eastern  States,  where  pastorage  and  hard  feed  represent  greater 
expense  to  the  dairyman,  there  is  a  large  consumption  of  condensed  milk. 
This  is  produced  in  the  Elgin  and  other  domestic  dairy  districts,  and  alto 
Switzerland,  France  and  Germany. 

Monuments. — The  monuments  of  Chicago  are  Douglas  Monument,  in 
Douglas  Monument  Park.  Take  Illinois  Central  train  for  Thirty-fifth  st.;  the 
Lincoln,  Grant,  La  Salle,  Shakespeare,  Schiller,  Von  Linne.  and  Indian  Monu-» 
meuts  in  Lincoln  Park  [see  Lincoln  Park];  the  Police  Monument,  in  Hay- 
market  Square;  take  Randolph  st.  car;  the  Soldiers'  Monument,  at  Rose  HiJl 
Cemetery  [see  Rose  Hill  Cemetery]  and  the  Mulligan  Monument  at  Calvary. 
[See  Calvary  Cemetery.]  A  monument  to  the  late  Judge  Knickerbocker  is 
contemplated  for  South  Park ;  Leonard  Volk,  sculptor.  Lincoln  Park  is  to 
have  a  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  Admiral  David  G.  Far- 
ragut.  Victor  Hugo  in  bronze  will  likely  grace  the  entrance  to  the  French 
building  during  the  World's  Fair.  A  statue  of  Hans  Christian  Ander- 
son is  also  contemplated,  a  society  having  been  organized  for  the  pur- 
pose of  erecting  it.  A  statue  of  William  B.  Ogden,  Chicago's  first  mayor, 
is  to  be  erected  south  of  the  intersection  of  North  Clark  cand  Wells  sts.,  oppo- 
site Lincoln  Park.  The  Netherlanders  of  the  city  have  in  contemplation  the 
erection  of  a  statue  of  William,  Prince  of  Orange.  The  prominent  Irish 
societies  of  the  city  will  erect  a  statue  of  Daniel  O'Connell.  A  statue  of  Colum- 
bus will  surmount  the  Drake  Fountain  in  front  of  the  City  Hall.  [See  Drake 
Fountain.]  A  $50,000  statue  of  the  late  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  by  St.  Gaudens, 


41#  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

at  the  entrance  to  Jackson  Park  at  Sixty-third  st.  Charles  T.  Yerkes  has 
provided  for  a  statue  of  the  late  Gen.  Philip  H.  Sheridan,  to  be  erected  in 
Union  Park,  West  Side.  The  monuments  at  present  in  position,  and  those  in 
the  cemeteries  are  mentioned  under  appropriate  headings  in  the  Encyclopedia. 

New  Patrol  Wagon  and  Ambulance. — This  new  ambulance  has  a  handsome 
top  in  black,  the  panels  of  the  body  of  the  wagon  being  in  rid  and  blue  and 
with  the  lettering  "Patrol — Police  Department."  The  stretcher,  on  the  inside, 
for  the  patient,  is  suspended  from  straps,  with  a  spiral  spring  at  the  end  of 
each  at  the  corners  of  the  wagon.  This  arrangement  prevents  any  rough 
motion  of  the  stretcher  or  bed  from  the  jolting  of  the  wagon  or  any  sudden 
swaying  in  any  direction. 

The  intention  is  said  to  be  to  have  covers  placed  on  all  the  patrol  wagons 
of  the  department,  and  convert  at  least  those  attached  to  the  principle  stations 
into  ambulance  vehicles  also.  The  general  feeling  is  that  the  wagons  ought 
to  be  covered  long  ago.  The  matrons  of  the  stations  often  have  to  ride  long 
distances  in  patrol  wagons  with  women  in  their  charge,  and  such  a  ride  on  an 
open  wagon  in  a  winter's  storm  or  the  blazing  heat  of  summer  is  considered  a 
hardship.  Then  it  is  considered  proper  that  men  and  women,  whether  crim- 
inals or  drunkards,  or  sick  or  maimed  or  dead,  should  not  be  driven  through 
the  streets  exposed  to  the  weather  and  the  public  gaze. 

New  Water  Tunnels. — Chicago  has  well  underway  three  tunnels  through 
which  the  future  water  supply  is  to  come.  They  are  what  are  known  as  the 
Lake  View  tunnel,  the  North  Shore  Inlet  Extension,  and  the  tunnel  which 
starts  from  the  Lake  Front,  near  Park  Row.  When  all  are  finished  Chicago 
will  have  an  unrivaled  water  supply. 

Ogden  Statue  — The  projected  statue  to  the  late  William  B.  Ogden,  first 
mayor  of  Chicago,  will  be  erected  on  the  park  front,  just  south  of  the  inter- 
section of  North  Clark  and  Wells  Streets.  This  intersection  is  to  be  known 
hereafter  as  Ogden  Place.  The  heirs  of  the  Ogden  estate  are  to  provide  the 
statue.  No  definite  plans  had  been  agreed  upon  up  to  this  writing. 

Revenge  Circular. — The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  circular  issued 
by  the  anarchists  of  Chicago,  after  the  suppression  by  the  police  of  the  riot 
on  ''  the  Black  Road.''  [See  "Black  Road."]  It  was  written  by  Adolph 
Spies  afterwards  executed  for  his  part  in  the  Haymarket  massacre. 

"  Revenge!  Workingmen  to  Arms!  Your  masters  sent  out  their  bloodhounds,  the 
police.  They  killed  six  of  your  brothers  at  McCorrnick's  this  afternoon.  They  killed 
tne  poor  wretches  because  they  hud  the  courage  to  disobey  the  suprem  will  of 
your  bosses;  they  killed  them  because  they  dared  to  nsk  tor  the  shortening  of 
the  hours  of  toil;  they  killed  them  to  show  you,  free  American  citizens,  that 
you  must  be  satisfied  and  contented  with  whatever  your  bosses  condescend  to 
allow  you-  or  you  will  get  killed.  You  have  for  years  suffered  unmensurable 
iniquities:  you  have  worked  yourself  to  death;  you  have  endure. I  tde  pangs  of 
want  and  hunger;  your  children  you  have  sacrificed  to  the  factory  lords— in  fact  you 
have  been  miserable  and  ob  client  s  aves  all  these  years.  Wh.\  ?  To  satisfy  the  insati- 
able greed,  to  till  the  coffers  of  your  lazy,  thieving  masters.  When  you  ask  them  now 
to  lessen  the  burden  they  send  their  bloodhounds  out  to  shoot  you— kill  you.  Jf  you 
are  men,  if  you  are  the  sons  of  your  grandsires  who  have  shed  their  blood  to  free  you, 
then  you  will  rise  in  your  might,  Hercules,  and  destroy  the  hideous  monster  that 
seeks  to  destroy  you.  To  arms!  We  call  you  to  arms!  "  Youit  BROTHERS." 

Riot  of  '77. — Outgrowth  of  the  great  railroad  strike  throughout  the 
entire  eastern  portion  of  the  United  States,  particularly  in  Pennsylvania. 
Principal  scenes  of  trouble  in  Chicago:  South  Halsted  street  from  viaduct 


a  s 

—  3 

— ]  *- 

"P  4J 

&  ^ 

2  ^ 
u 


>  o 


r 

S  w 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  413 

to  the  Stock  Yards;  railroad  tracks  at  Sixteenth  street;  W.  Twelfth  Street 
Turner  Hall  and  the  entire  southwestern  portion  of  the  city.  The  riot 
threatened  serious  consequences  for  some  days,  but  was  finally  quelled  by 
the  arrival  of  United  States  troops  from  the  plains 

"Rookery.'' — After  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  municipality  erected  for 
temporary  use  a  two-story  brick  building  on  the  half  block  bounded  by 
LaSalle,  Adams  and  Quincy  streets,  and  the  alley  between  LaSalle  and  Clark 
streets  and  called  it  the  City  Hall.  It  was  also  occupied  by  the  Courts.  The 
structure  was  put  up  in  great  haste,  and  without  regard  to  architectural 
beauty.  It  is  stated  that  pigeons  used  to  flock  to  the  building,  induced 
thither  by  a  glass  roof  which  surmounted  a  disused  water  tank  which  occu- 
pied the  center  of  the  structure  and  by  the  oats  which  fell  from  the  feed-bags 
which  the  fire  marshals  used  for  their  horses  on  the  Quincy  street  side. 
The  story  goes  that  one  day  a  gentleman  marched  into  Mayor  Medill's  office 
to  complain  ot  the  pigeon  nuisance  and  spoke  of  the  building  as  a  "  rookery." 
Whether  this  was  the  real  origin  of  the  term  or  not,  the  newspaper  reporters 
got  into  the  habit  of  calling  the  building  the  "  rookery,"  and  it  was  generally 
understood  that  they  alluded  to  the  dilapidated  condition  of  the  structure, 
which  from  the  day  it  was  finished  began  to  fall  to  pieces.  At  any  rate  the 
name  clung  to  it  as  long  as  the  building  stood,  and  when  the  present  magnifi 
cent  structure  took  its  place  its  owners  decided  to  retain  it.  [See  Rookery 
Building.] 

Shakespeare  Statue,  Lincoln  Park. — Take  the  North  Clark  or  Wells  street 
cable  lines.  The  site  is  near  the  Indian  group.  O.  W.  Partridge,  sculptor. 
The  design  was  chosen  by  Mr.  J.  DeKoven,  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  fund 
left  by  Mr.  Samuel  Johnson  for  the  erection  of  the  monument. 

Mr.  Partridge,  th«  artist  who  executed  the  statue,  has  made  a  careful 
study  of  the  death-mask  of  the  great  dramatist,  consulted  many  able  Shake- 
sperian  students,  and  spent  some  time  at  Stratford-on-Avon  in  order  to  pre- 
pare himself  for  the  work  of  reconstructing  the  portrait  of  a  man  whose 
genius  is  sufficiently  overawing  to  make  any  artist  hesita'e  before  undertaking 
the  task  of  clothing  it  in  the  outward  form  which  is  to  represent  it.  The  con- 
ception of  Mr.  Partridge  is  not  the  haughty  actor  or  the  solemn  philosopher, 
pondering  on  the  frailty  of  humanity,  but  the  smiling  poet  and  observer  of 
mankind.  The  pose  of  the  figure  is  graceful,  as  far  as  may  be  judged  from 
the  photograph,  and  the  costume  and  accessories  seem  to  be  in  keeping.  The 
chair  on  which  the  figure  is  seated  has  a  suggestion  of  heaviness  about  it,  but 
this  is  undoubtedly  made  necessary  by  the  weight  which  it  must  support. 

Sheridan  Road.— A.  beautiful  driveway  that  skirts  the  North  shore, 
between  Lincoln  Park  and  Fort  Sheridan.  This  drive  was  projected  as  a 
common  roadway,  but,  the  probable  work  in  future  improvements,  as  the 
country  along  the  North  shore  developes,  is  practically  immeasurable.  The 
drive  is  at  present  about  twenty-four  miles  in  length,  ranging  in  quality 
from  first-class  asphalt  pavement  to  a  plain  country  road.  The  total  cost  of 
work  completed  is  about  $500,000.  This  covers  only  the  work  done  north  of 
Lincoln  Park,  and  includes  the  work  done  on  the  six  miles  north  of  Edge- 
water.  The  work  has  been  carried  on  by  private  and  municipal  enterprise. 
The  character  of  the  work,  of  course,  varies  with  the  present  development 
of  the  country.  For  this  reason  the  southern  part  of  the  work  is  superior  to 
the  work  done  in  the  northern  half  of  the  road.  Through  the  villages  along 


414  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

the  shore  old-established  streets  are  made  an  integral  part  of  the  road.  The 
return  drive  through  Evanston,  Soulh  Evanston  and  Rodgers  Park  is  by  no 
means  an  unimportant  part  of  this  north-shore  improvement.  The  section 
of  this  drive  in  South  Evanston  has  been  set  apart  as  a  boulevard  and  the 
work  of  improvement  of  the  same  will  cost  about  $70,000.  For  a  distance  of 
one  and  one-half  miles  this  drive  is  to  be  paved  with  cedar  blocks,  curbed, 
and  lined  with  elm  trees.  The  work  of  construction,  particular!}'  on  the 
northern  part  of  theroad,  has  been  much  more  difficult  than  that  of  ordinary 
boulevarding  around  Chicago.  Instead  of  a  smooth  and  uniformly  level 
street,  the  road  winds  around  the  sides  of  ravines  and  runs  over  hills  and 
down  declines  of  from  50  to  100  feet.  The  road  when  finished  will  be  turned 
over  to  the  commissioners  of  the  various  town  and  village  authorities  The 
construction  is  in  charge  of  the  Sheridan  Road  Association,  of  which  Mr. 
Alexander  Clark,  of  South  Evanston,  one  of  the  originators  of  the  sclieme  of 
improvement,  is  secretanr. 

Sheridan  Statue.  — To  be  erected  to  the  memory  of  Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan 
at  Union  Park,  West  Side,  at  the  personal  cost  of  Mr.  Charles  T.  Yerkes.  No 
expense,  it  is  understood,  will  be  spared  in  making  this  one  of  the  hand- 
somest monuments  of  the  city  and  in  producing  the  most  accurate  likeness  of 
"  Little  Phil  "  in  existence. 

State  Central  Committees. — The  composition  of  Ihe  State  Cential  Com- 
mittees of  Illinois  is  as  follows:  REPUBLICAN. — Headquarters,  Grand  Pacific 
Hotel,  Chicago.  Chairman,  A.  M.  Jones;  secretary,  C.  A.  Partridge;  treas- 
urer, George  Schneider.  Members  at  large.  A.  M.  Jones,  Chicago;  E.  H. 
Morris,  Chicago.  Members:  1st  District,  Pliny  B.  Smith,  Chicago; 2d,  G.  J. 
Chott,  Chicago;  3d,  Henry  L.  Hertz,  Chicago;  4th.  E.  S.  Conway,  Oak  Park; 
5th,  W.  S.  Frazier,  Aurora;  6th,  George  S.  Roper,  Rock  ford;  7th,  Thomas 
DiHer,  Sterling;  8th,  Thomas  C.  Fullerton,  Ottawa;  9th,  Dr.  E.  A.  Wilcox, 
Minonk;  10th,  Isaac  C.  Edwards,  Peoria;  llth,  Peyton  Roberts,  Monmouth; 
12th,  U.  H.  Keath,  Quincy;  13th,  C.  R.  Paul,  Springfield;  14th,  E.  D.  B  inn, 
Lincoln;  loth,  James  H.  Clark,  Mattoon;  16th,  A.  H.  Jones,  Robinson;  17th, 
H.  J.  Hamlin,  Shelbyville;  18th,  H.  Brueggemau,  Alton;  19th,  James  S.  Mar- 
tin, Salem;  20th,  W.  C.  S.  Rhea,  Marion.  DEMOCRATIC. — Headquarters, 
Sherman  House,  Chicago.  Chairman,  Delos  P.  Phelps;  secretary,  Theo.  Nel- 
son; treasurer,  W.  B  Brinton  Members  at  large:  J.  II.  Baker,  Sullivan;  D. 
P.  Phelps,  Monmouth;  S.  B.  Chase,  Chicago;  J.  C.  Strain,  Chicago;  Andrew 
Welsh.  Aurora;  J.  R.  Creighton,  Fairfield;  C.  D.  Hoiles,  Greenville.  Mem- 
bers: 1st  District,  Thomas  Gahan,  Chicago;  3d,  Joseph  P.  Mahoney.  Chicago; 
3d,  W.  F.  Mahoney,  Chicago;  4th,  Fred  Greisheimer,  Chicago;  5th,  Denis  J. 
Hogan,  Geneva;  6th,  W.  O.  Wright,  Freeport  7th,  C.  C.  Johnson,  Sterling; 
8th,  P.  C.  Haly,  Joliet;  9th,  D.  C.  Taylor,  Kankakee;  10th,  S.  Y.  Thornton, 
Canton;  llth,  J.  W.  Potter,  Rock  Island;  12th  W.  H.  Hiurichsen,  Jackson- 
ville; 13th,  J.  D.  Wright,  Petersburg;  14th,  Theodore  Nelson,  Decatur;  15th, 
W.  B.  Brinton,  Tuscola;  16th,  John  Landrigan,  Albion;  17th,  J.  W.  Lump- 
kin,  Carliuvillc;  18th,  Timothy  Gruaz,  Highland;  19th,  Walter  Watson, 
Mount  Vernon;  20th,  R.  E.  Sprigg,  Chester.  PROHIBITION. — Headquarters, 
Rockford.  Chairman,  John  W.  Hart;  secretary,  James  Lamont;  treasurer,  J. 
B.  Hobbs.  Members:  1st  District,  Rev.  H.  S.Taylor,  Englewood;  Rev.  J.  C. 
Stoughton,  Chicago;  2d,  J.  P.  Bishop,  Chicago,  Nillis  Johnson,  Chicago;  3d, 
Mrs.  L.  S.  Rounds,  A.  E.  Wilson,  Chicago;  4th,  MissII.  L.  Hood,  J.  B.  Hobbs, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  415 

Chicago;  5th,  M.  H.  Daley,  DeKalb,  J.  N.  Wheeler,  Geneva;  6th,"Joho  W. 
Hart,  Rockford;  7th,  D-  E.  Holmes,  Galva,  F.  E.  Andrews,  Sterling;  8th:  M, 
E.  Cornell,  Yorkville;  9th,  E.E.  Day,  Kankakee,  W.  H.  Boles,  Eureka;  10th, 
Dan  1  R.  Sheen,  Peoria,  Rev.  J.  G.  Evans,  Abingdon;  llth,  J.  R.  Hanna, 
Monmouth,  L.  F.  Gumbart,  Macomb;  12th,  J.  L.  B.  Ellis,  Griggsville,  II.  S. 
Wells,  Quincy:  13th,  R.  H.  Patton,  Springfield;  14th,  A,  F.  Smith,  Decatur, 
D.  II.  Harts,  Lincoln;  15th,  C.  V.  Guy,  Danville,  Geo.  W.  Gere,  Champaign; 
16th,  Hale  Johnson,  Newton,  G.  B.  Murray,  Olney;  17th,  L.  F.  Stoddard, 
Ramsey,  H.  B.  Kepley,  Effingham;  18th;  Jas.  A.  Watts,  Nashville,  A.  J. 
Meek,  Marissa;  19th,  A.  M.  Sterman,  Dahlgren,  John  Lund,  McLeansboro; 
20th,  J.  F.  McCartney,  Metropolis,  M.  A.  .Smith,  Vienna. 

Subterranean  Theater — Tae  Hardy  Subterranean  Scenery  Company  was 
incorporated  recently  with  a  capital  of  §300,000.  This  company  proposes  to 
build  a  subterranean  theater  the  plans  of  which  contemplate  a  work  of  such 
magnitude  and  novelty  that  they  have  been  received  with  doubt  and  ridicule. 
However,  the  projectors  insist  that  they  will  be  carried  out.  These  plans 
include  the  erection  of  a  large  building  above  the  mouth  of  a  shaft  which 
will  penetrate  the  earth  from  six  hundred  to  a  thousand  feet,  showing  coal 
mines  and  weird  subterranean  caverns  below.  As  the  whole  matter  is  in  its 
infancy,  a  description  of  it  would  be  out  of  place  here. 

Telegraph  Service. — The  Western  Union  Telegraph  (main)  office  is 
located  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Washington  and  La  Salle  sts.  There  are 
branch  offices  in  nearly  all  the  leading  hotels  and  in  drug  stores,  etc., 
throughout  the  city.  The  Postal  Telegraph  (main)  office  is  located  at  12 
Pacific  ave.  Branch  offices  of  this  company  are  likewise  located  at  conven- 
ient points,  throughout  the  city.  The  main  office  of  the  American  District 
Telegraph  are  located  at  501  Pullman  building;  it  has  numerous  branches. 
The  B.  &  O.  Telegraph  office  is  at  70  Board  of  Trade;  Chicago  &  Milwaukee 
Telegraph  Co.,  7  Exchange  Place,  General  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  Co.,  118 
La  Salle  st.  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company,  289  La  Salle  st.  Mes- 
sengers may  be  called  by  any  public  telephone,  or  by  signal  boxes,  found  in 
all  public  places. 

Telepliones. — Telephones  may  be  found  in  the  various  branch  offices  of 
the  Chicago  Telephone  Company,  in  nearly  all  drug  stores  and  in  all  hotels 
and  public  places.  The  charge  for  messages  is  usually  ten  cents.  The  Cen- 
tral Telephone  office  is  located  in  the  Telephone  building,  Washington  and 
Franklin  sts  ,  near  mouth  of  tunnel.  There  are,  besides  the  Chicago  Tele- 
phone Company,  the  following:  American  Cushman  Telephone  Co.  ,242 
S.  Water  st.;  Central  Union  Telephone  Co.,  Pullman  building;  Gray 
National  Telephone  Co.,  189  La  Salle  St.;  Northwestern  Overland  Telephone 
and  Telegraph  Co.,  243  Adams  st.;  Police  Telephone  and  Signal  Co.,  118 
La  Salle  st.;  Ravenswood  Telephone  Exchange,  410  Opera  House  building. 
At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Central  Union  Telephone 
Company  it  was  shown  that  the  gross  earnings  of  the  company  increased  dur- 
ing 1891,  $125,000.  The  number  of  instruments  in  use  showed  a  net  increase 
of  1,934.  The  net  earnings  of  the  company  amounted  to  $378,840,  which  is 
equal  to  5.74  per  cent,  on  the  $6,600,000  capital  stock.  The  Central  Union 
Telephone  Company  was  organized  in  1883,  and  has  now  become  the  most 
important  telephone  company  in  the  West.  Its  territory  comprises  a  number 


416  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

of  Western  States,  including  nearly  all  of  Illinois  outside  of  Cook  County. 
Board  of  Directors:  C.  H.  BrownelJ,  11.  C.  Clowry,  C.  R.  Cummiugs,  M.  G. 
Kellogg,  H.  B.  Stone,  John  F.  VVallack,  J.  Russell  Jones,  John  E.  Hudson, 
and  F.  H.  Griggs.  The  old  Executive  Comniitte  and  the  following  oilicers 
were  elected:  Henry  B.  Stone,  president;  W.  S.  Chapman,  secretary. 

Thomas  Orchestra. — The  Theodore  Thomas  Orchestra,  Theodore  Thomas, 
director,  has  been  engaged  for  the  Auditorium  for  three  years,  beginning 
with  the  fall  of  1891.  Fifty  gentlemen  of  Chicago  subscribed  $1 ,000  each  as  a 
subsidy.  Among  the  subscribers  were  Henry  Field  (deceased),  Marshall  Field, 
C.  L.  Cummings,  Franklin  Mac  Veagh,  Potter  Palmer  and  the  Auditorium 
Company.  The  Thomas  Orchestra  is  the  finest  in  existence.  Two  symphony 
concerts  and  a  public  rehearsal  will  be  given  weekly  during  next  winter  at 
the  Auditorium,  and  probably  nightly  concerts  through  the  summers  of  1892— 
1893. 

United  States  Appraisers'  Building. —  Used  for  storage  for  bonded 
goods  and  as  offices  for  the  United  States  appraisers  in  this  city,  stands  at  the 
northern  corner  of  Harrison  and  Sherman  streets,  with  a  frontage  on  both 
streets.  The  principal  entrance  is  on  Harrison  street.  From  foundation  to 
roof  the  structure  has  been  built  with  a  view  to  solidity  and  strength,  and 
the  contractors  claim  that  it  can  not  be  sufficiently  overloaded  with  merchan- 
dise to  affect  its  stability  in  the  least.  It  is  likewise  fireproof  and  braced  and 
anchored  throughout. 

The  interior  finish  is  simple  but  neat  and  in  keeping  with  the  outward 
solid  appearance.  White  oak,  highly  polished,  is  used  exclusively  for  wood- 
work; excepting  the  flooring  in  office  and  storage  rooms,  where  yellow  pine  is 
substituted.  In  the  corridors  tiling  is  utilized  for  floors,  and  tlie  walls  here 
and  around  the  stairways  is  imported  yellow  enameled  brick.  The  plastering 
is  all  laid  on  tire-proofiug.  Iron  stairways  to  the  left  ot  the  main  entrance  and 
one  passenger  elevator  furnish  people  the  means  of  entrance  and  exit.  Two 
large  freight  elevators  are  also  provided  for  the  handling  of  merchandise. 

University  of  Illinois. — Located  at  Champaign,  111.  Under  State  super- 
vision. 

Von  Linne  Statue,  Lincoln  Park. — Erected  to  the  memory  of  Carl  von 
Linne,  or  Lineaus  as  the  world  calls  him,  an  illustrious  native  of  Sweden. 
The  statue  is  of  bronze,  of  heroic  size,  on  a  white  marble  pedestal,  and  it 
overlooks  the  little  common  near  the  foot  of  Fullerton  avenue.  The  spot  is 
one  of  the  prettiest  in  the  park.  The  monument  is  encirckd  with  fine  trees 
and  it  looks  south  over  a  tine  expanse  of  landscape.  It  cost  the  Linnsean 
Monument  Association  which  built  it  §22,000,  anu  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
monuments  in  the  West.  The  statue  was  unveiled  Ma}  23d,  1891. 

William,  Prince  of  Orange,  Statue — To  be  erected  by  the  Netherlander  of 
Chicago,  who  have  formed  themselves  into  an  organization  called  "William 
the  Silent  Company,"  with  officers  as  follows:  G.  Burkhoff,  Consul  of  the 
Netherlands,  President;  John  Vanderpoel,  secretary;  A.  Vanderkloot,  treas- 
urer; Henri  U.  Massman,  the  Rev.  B.  Debuy,  F.  H.  Cooper,  S.  Bus,  John 
Defus,  James  H.  Van  Vlissengen,  H.  Pelgriem,  the  Rev.  John  Vanderhook, 
and  A.  H.  Nyland,  directors.  It  is  expected  the  statue  will  be  finished  and  in 
position  before  the  opening  of  the  World's  Fair, 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  417 

Terfces'  Fountain,  The. — Among  the  great  attractions  for  the  visitor  is 
the  magnificent  electric  fountain  at  Lincoln  Park,  which  was  presented  to 
the  people  of  Chicago  by  Mr.  C.  T.  Yerkes,  president  of  the  North  and  West 
Side  street  railway  companies.  This  fountain  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$50,000,  and  is  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  existence.  It  is  in  operation  about 
two  hours  every  pleasant  evening  during  the  summer  months,  and  presents 
an  enchanting  spectacle  to  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  who  flock  to 
see  it.  It  is  as  if  the  colors  of  a  hundred  rainbows  were  concentrated  here 
into  one  beautiful  fountain  of  prismatic  light.  Its  ever-changing  glories 
compel  the  coldest  of  observers  to  give  expression  to  wonder,  amazement 
and  delight.  Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  line  about  7  P.  M. ,  during  the  summer 
evenings,  for  main  entrance  to  Lincoln  Park  and  North  Clark  st.,  and  walk 
directly  east  toward  the  Lake  shore. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

There  are  published  in  Chicago  24  dailies,  260  weeklies,  36  semi-month- 
lies, 5  bi-monthlies,  and  14  quarterlies,  making  a  total  of  531  d-iily  and  period- 
ical newspapers.  The  fact  was  disclosed  In  the  last  report  of  the  postmaster 
general  that  the  quantity  of  newspapers  mailed  by  the  publishers  at  the  Chi- 
cago postofflce  equaled  the  amount  mailed  at  Boston  Cincinnati,  New  Orleans, 
Buffalo  and  Baltimore  combined,  or  at  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  San  Francisco, 
New  Orleans  and  Baltimore  combined,  and  also  at  Philadelphia,  New  Orleans, 
Baltimore  and  Cincinnati  combined,  or  in  the  entire  thirteen  Southern  States, 
with  St.  Louis  combined,  amounting  to  20,000,000  pounds  of  serial  matter. 
The  newspapers  of  Chicago  have  contributed  wonderfully  to  the  growth,  to 
the  prosperity  and  to  the  fame  of  the  city.  To  her  great  dailies  is  Chicago 
particularly  indebted  for  the  intelligent  and  wide-spread  publicity  they  have 
given  her  at  home  and  abroad.  The  following  are  the  leading  publications: 

Abendpost. — Location  of  publication  office,  203  Fifth  avenue;  the  Abend- 
post  Company  proprietors.  The  Abendpvst  is  a  German  daily,  published  at 
one  cent  per  copy.  Its  first  number  appeared  on  September  2,  18^9.  The 
publishers  were  Fritz  Glogauer  and  Wm.  Kaufmann,  the  former  being  editor 
and  manager,  the  latter  residing  in  Cleveland,  O.  From  its  original  modest 
office,  at  92  Fifth  avenue,  the  paper  had  to  be  removed  only  five  months  later 
to  more  spacious  quarters  at  181  Washington  street,  and  in  March,  1892.  to  203 
Fifth  avenue,  where  it  occupies  the  whole  five-story  building.  When  the 
Abendpost  was  seven  mouths  old  the  circulation  had  grown  so  large  that  it 
became  necessary  to  order  two  Goss  printing  presses,  with  a  combined  capacity 
of  48,000  four  or  six-page  papers  per  hour.  On  December  29,  1890,  the 
Abendpost  was  transferred  to  the  Abendpost  Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
|100,000.  Fritz  Glogauer  was  elected  president  and  treasurer;  Julius  Gold- 
zier,  secretary.  The  Abendpost  is  entirely  independent  in  politics  and  appeals 
to  no  class  or  faction.  It  was  successful  from  the  start,  and  had  reached  a 
bonn  fide  circulation  of  35,000  on  January  1,  1892.  More  than  nine-tenths  of 
the  subscribers,  at  the  time  stated,  resided  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  Abend- 
post  opens  its  books  to  all  advertisers  who  wish  to  ascertain  its  circulation.  It 
ascribes  the  greater  part  of  its  financial  success  to  this  method  of  business. 


418  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

Arbeiter  Zeitung. — Location  of  publication  office,  274  W.  Twelfth  street. 
A  German  daily  of  socialistic  proclivities.  August  Spies,  hanged  for  com- 
plicity in  the  Haymarket  bomb-throwing,  was  editor  of  this  newspaper  at  the 
time  of  his  arrest.  A.  R.  Parsons,  also  executed,  was  one  of  its  contributors. 
It  was  then  the  open  organ  of  the  anarchistic  movement.  Since  the  execution 
It  has  fallen  into  comparative  obscurity,  although  it  still  has  a  large  circula- 
tion among  the  discontents.  It  is  issued  by  the  Socialistic  Publishing 
Societ}'. 

Mail.— Location  of  publication  office,  old  Herald  building,  120  Fifth 
ave.  Joseph  Dunlop,  editor  and  publisher.  A  one-cent  evening  newspaper. 
The  Mail  had  its  origin  in  the  Chicago  Press,  founded  in  1882,  by  F.  O.  Ben- 
nett; Mr.  John  J.  Curran  being  associated  in  its  management.  The  Press 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Stevens  &  Dillingham,  who  changed  its  name 
to  the  Evening  Mail.  In  1885  the  Evening  Mail  was  purchased  by  the  Hatton- 
Snowden  Company,  who  again  changed  its  title  to  the  Chicago  Mail.  In 
1887  it  was  purchased  by  the  Chicago  Mail  Company,  James  J.  West  being 
the  principal  stockholder,  and  upon  the  purchase  by  the  latter  of  the  Chicago 
Tim.es  its  publication  office  was  removed  to  the  Times  building,  from  which 
it  was  issued  until  it  passed  under  the  management  and  control  of  Mr.  Dun- 
lop.  Originally  it  was  a  democratic  paper;  under  the  management  of  the 
Hatton-Snowden  Company  and  James  J.  West,  it  was  republican.  It  is  at 
present  an  independent  publication. 

Press,  The  Evening. — Established  1891.  An  independent  evening  news- 
paper; price,  one  cent. 

Daily  Globe. — Location  of  publication  office,  118  Fifth  are.  Incorporated 
as  Daily  Globe  Publishing  Company.  The  Daily  Globe  was  founded  in  1887 
by  Horace  A.  Hurlbut,  Andrew  Matteson,  Gen.  Walter  C.  Newberry,  Adlai 
T.  Evving,  president  of  the  Iroquois  club;  Chas.  R.  Dennett  and  other  influen- 
tial members  of  the  Times  staff  under  the  late  Wilbur  F.  Storey.  The  Daily 
Globe  continued  under  this  proprietorship  until  1890,  when  it  came  into  the 
possession  of  its  present  editor  and  publisher,  Mr.  Harry  Wilkinson,  who 
owns  the  controlling  stock.  It  is  a  pronounced  Democratic  newspaper.  It  is 
edited  with  ability,  and  undei  (he  present  management  has  grown  steadily  in 
circulation  and  prominence  until  it  is  now  rated  among  the  great  dailies  of 
Chicago.  This  statement  can  be  verified  by  reference  to  such  prominent  news- 
paper directories  as  "Rowell,"  and  to  that  published  by  Lord  &  Thomas,  of 
this  city.  The  Daily  Globe  has  taken  an  activeinterestin  promoting  the  World's 
Fair,  and  is  a  fearless  critic  of  the  conduct  of  public  officials,  with  the  purpose 
of  securing  good  government.  There  are  daily  and  Sunday  editions  printed 
every  morning  in  the  year. 

Daily  National  Hotel  Reporter,  The. — Established  in  Chicago  in  1871,  and 
is  older  by  several  years  than  any  other  paper  devoted  to  the  hotel  interests. 
It  is  an  eight-page  daily,  and  contains,  in  addition  to  the  arrivals  at  the  lead- 
ing hotels  of  Chicago,  much  information  of  value  to  hotel-keepers,  travelers, 
merchants  and  business  men  generally.  The  office  of  the  paper,  together  with 
the  Travelers'  and  Tourists'  Exchange,  a  bureau  of  information  concerning 
hotels,  winter  and  summer  resorts  in  the  United  States,  is  located  at  No.  7 
Monroe  street,  Chicago.  The  editor  and  manager  is  F.  W.  Rice. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  419 

Daily  News. — Location  of  publication  office,  123  Fifth  ave.  Founded 
December  26.  1875.  An  independent  newspaper,  having  three  distinct  edi- 
tions daily — the  Morning  News,  the  Noon  News  and  the  Evening  Newt, 
The  Chicago  Daily  News  Company,  proprietors,  Victor  F.  Lawson, 
editor  and  publisher.  Circulation,  daily,  220,000  copies.  The  found- 
ers of  the  Chicago  Daily  News  were  Melville  E.  Stone,  Percy  R. 
Meggy  and  William  E.  Dougherty.  Mr.  Dougherty's  connection  wit'h  the 
enterprise  was  very  brief.  Mr.  Meggy  retired  within  a  year  after  the  found- 
ing of  the  paper.  Mr.  Lawson  became  practically  the  sole  proprietor  of  the 
Daily  News  upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Meggy,  Mr.  Stone  becoming  its  edi- 
tor. The  latter,  however,  after  a  time  became  a  part  owner.  His  connec- 
tion with  the  paper  was  severed  in  1888.  Mr.  Lawson  from  the  first  year  of 
the  existence  of  the  Daily  News  had  been  its  publisher;  in  other  words,  its 
financial  and  bminess  manager,  and  the  almost  phenomenal  growth  of  the 
newspaper  as  a  property,  is  largely  due  to  the  intelligent  direction  he  has 
given  its  business  affairs.  The  Daily  News  at  first  occupied  simply  a  cor- 
ner of  the  present  counting  room  for  its  business  office,  and  a  small  room 
in  the  top  of  the  building  for  the  accommodation  of  its  editorial  and  compo- 
sition departments.  Originally  it  had  a  double  cylinder  Hoe  press,  with  a 
capacity  of  3,000  per  hour.  This  gave  place  early  in  the  history  of  the  paper 
to  a  four  cylinder  Hoe,  of  a  capacity  (afterward  doubled  by  stereotyping)  of 
about  6,000  per  hour.  In  size  it  was  a  four-page  paper  of  about  nine  by 
twelve  inches  to  the  page,  and  made  up_  after  the  style  of  the  New  York 
newspaper  of  the  same  name.  It  was  issued  at  noon,  3  p.  M.  and  5  P.  M., 
daily,  and  contained  merely  the  gist  of  the  news — local,  domestic  and  foreign— 
without  any  pretention  to  amplification.  Its  editorial  was  paragraphic,  and 
aimed  to  compress  ideas  aud  opinions  into  the  smallest  possible  space,  in 
conformity  with  the  general  design  of  the  news  department,  which  was  to 
present  facts  stripped  of  all  surplus  verbiage.  The  price  of  the  paper  was 
one  cent,  as  it  is  now,  and  as  peuuies  were  not  in  general  circulation  the 
Daily  News  was  confronted  with  the  double  task  of  introducing  and  popular- 
izing the  smallest  unit  of  American  coin.  Mr.  Stone  was  an  editor  of  remark- 
able ability  and  energy,  and  every  line  in  the  paper  was  made  to  sparkle  under 
his  direction,  yet  the  enterprise  failed  to  meet  with  popular  support,  and  at 
least  twice  daring  the  first  eighteen  months  of  its  existence  the  Daily  J\ews 
was  on  the  eve  of  being  abandoned  as  a  failure.  In  the  summer  of  1887  the 
great  railroad  riots  occurred,  and  the  Daily  News,  taking  advantage  of  the 
opportunity,  issued  hourly  editions,  giving  the  very  latest  news,  perhaps  in  a 
line,  perhaps  in  a  sentence,  concerning  the  progress  of  the  labor  uprising  in 
Chicago,  aud  at  other  points  of  disturbance.  This  was  while  the  paper  was 
still  using  i  four-cylinder  press.  The  press  hummed  from  early  morning  until 
late  at  night;  utterly  failing,  however,  to  meet  the  demand.  Over  90,000  copies 
of  the  Daily  News  were  struck  off  in  a  single  day  during  these  troublous 
times,  two  -thirdsof  which  were  printed  on  one  side  only,  it  being  impossible,  in 
printer's  parlance,  to  "turn  the  paper."  After  the  riots  the  circulation  fell  to 
less  than  20,000  copies  daily,  but  a  gain  was  made  of  about  10,000.  The  paper 
had  become  known  to  the  people,  and  from  that  time  on  it  has  continued 
to  prosper,  making  such  remarkable  progress  in  circulation  and  influence 
as  to  have  attracted  general  attention  throughout  this  country.  In  1877 
the  Daily  News  absorbed  the  Evening  Post,  into  which  three  years  pre- 
viously the  Evening  Mail  had  been  merged,  thus  securing  the  Associated 
Press  franchise.  In  1881  the  publication  of  the  morning  edition,  styled 


420  GUIDE  TO    CHICAGO. 

"  The  Morning  News"  was  begun,  for  which  the  Associated  Press  franchise 
was  secured  in  1882.  Nothing  can  better  serve  to  illustrate  the  marvelous 
growth  of  the  Daily  News  than  the  statement  of  the  increase  in  its  circulation 
from  vear  to  year.  In  1877  its  daily  average  was  22,037;  in  1878,  38,314; 
in  1879,  45,194;  in  1880,  54801;  in  1881,  75,820;  in  1882,  88,723;  in  1883, 
99.723;  io  1884.  125,178;  in  1885,  131,992;  in  1886,  152.851;  in  1887,  165,376; 
in  1888,  192,577;  in  1889,  222,745;  in  1890,  213,871;  in  1891,  219,386.  At  this 
writing  ihe  circulation  averages  about  220,000  a  day,  and  is,  with  a  single 
exception,  the  largest  daily  circulation  in  America,  the  Daily  News  employed 
about  a  dozen  persons  in  all  capacities  in  1877.  To-day  there  are  305  people 
regularly  and  exclusively  at  work  in  making  it,  while  by  its  sale  thousands  of 
men,  women  and  children  are  wholly,  or  partly,' supported.  The  Daily 
News  has  now  an  equipment  of  four  Hoe  quadruple  inserting  presses,  equiv- 
alent to  sixteen  of  the  ordinary  single  machines,  and  having  a  capacity  of 
192,000  eight-page  papers  per  hour.  Admission  to  the  press  room  is  some- 
times granted  visitors  on  application  at  the  counting-room. 

Daily  Sun,  The. —  Published  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago, 
111.,  wa«  estiblished  by  Harvey  L.  GoOdall,  in  the  year  1868,  and  is  still  pub- 
lished and  owned  by  him.  It  Las  a  larger  circulation  in  the  southern  portion 
of  the  city,  and  in  the  southern  territory  recently  annexed  to  the  city,  than 
any  other  paper  published  in  Cook  county.  It  is  devoted  to  general  and  local 
news,  and  takes  high  rank  as  an  advertising  medium.  It  has  a  bona  tide  daily 
circulation  of  16,100  copies. 

Dagbladet. — A  daily,  published  at  369  Milwaukee  avenue. 

Drovers'  Journal,  The. — Daily,  semi-weekly  and  weekly  editions,  the 
most  extensively  circulated  paper  of  its  kind  in  existence,  was  established  at 
the  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  111.,  by  Hirvey  L.  Goodall,  the  present 
publisher  and  owner,  twenty-two  years  ago.  It  is  the  recognized  organ  of 
the  live-stock  trade  of  the  United  States,  and  boasts  of  a  bona  fide  weekly  out- 
put of  190,500, 

Evening  Journal. — Location  of  publication  office,  161  Dearborn  st.  The 
Chicago  Evening  Journal  Company,  publishers;  John  R.  Wilson,  publisher; 
George  G.  Martin,  managing  editor.  The  oldest  newspaper  in  Chicago.  The 
American  was  the  first  daily  newspaper  published  in  Chicago,  or  in  the  State 
of  Illinois.  It  was  started  by  William  Stewart,  April  9,  1839,  and  the  late 
Judge  Buckner  S.  Morris  became  its  proprietor  in  1841.  It  was  discontinued 
for  want  of  support,  October  17,  1842.  On  the  last  day  of  that  month,  W.  W. 
Brackett,  who  had  been  connected  with  the  American,  started  the  Kxpress  as 
its  successor.  In  18i4,  at  the  opening  of  the  presidential  campaign  of  that 
year,  the  political  friends  of  Henry  Clay  formed  a  joint  stock  company, 
bought  out  the  Krpress  and  started  the  Journal  as  a  whig  campaign  paper, 
the  first  number  being  issued  April  2','d.  The  stockholders  appointed  an 
o  litorial  committee,  consisting  of  J.  Lisle  Smith,  Wm.  H.  Brown,  George  W. 
Meeker,  J.  Y.  Scanunon  and  Grant  Goodrich,  to  conduct  the  paper,  assisted 
by  Richard  L.  Wilson  and  J.  W.  Norris  as  office  editors  and  business  man- 
agers. At  the  close  of  the  campaign,  which  ended  in  the  defeat  of  Mr.  Clay 
by  James  K.  Polk,  the  newspaper  office  and  the  paper  parsed  into  the  hands 
of  Richard  L.  Wilson,  who  established  it  on  apermanent  basis  as  an  organ  of 
the  whig  party.  Mr.  Wilson  continued  to  edit  it  until  he  was  appointed  post- 
master by  President  Zachary  Taylor,  in  1849;  and  when,  with  other  "Seward 
whig"  officeholders,  he  was  removed  by  Millard  Fillmore,  a  few  months 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  421 

subsequently,  he  resumed  the  editorship,  associating  with  him  his  brother, 
Charles  L.,  the  publishing  firm  being  Richard  L.  and  Charles  L.  Wilson. 
At  the  demise  of  the  whig  party,  the  Journal  became  a  republican  paper,  and 
has  continued  such  until  the  present  time.  Richard  died  in  December,  1856. 
At  that  time  Andrew  Shutnan  was  associate  editor;  George  P.  Upton,  city  and 
commercial  reporter,  and  Benjamin  F.  Taylor,  literary  editor. 

Charles  L.  Wilson  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  Journal  on  the  death 
of  his  brother.  In  1861,  when  Abraham  Lincoln  became  president,  and 
William  H.  Seward  Secretary  of  State,  he  was  tendered  and  accepted  the 
appointment  of  secretary  of  the  American  Legation  at  London.  He  left  the 
Journal  office  in  charge  of  John  L.  Wilson,  an  elder  brother,  as  publisher, 
and  of  Andrew  Shuman,  as  editor.  During  the  years  of  the  War  of  the  Rebel- 
lion, the  Journal  prospered  famously,  and  when,  in  1864,  Charles  L.  Wilson 
resigned  his  official  position  abroad  and  returned  to  resume  charge  of  his 
newspaper  establishment,  he  found  it  a  very  valuable  property.  His  brother, 
John  L.,  retained  his  business  connection  with  the  office,  and  Mr.  Shuman 
continued  as  managing  editor.  In  1869  John  L.  retired,  and  Col.  Henry  W. 
Farrar,  his  son-in-law,  who  was  also  Charles  L.'s  brother  in-law,  became 
business  manager.  The  great  conflagration  of  1871  consumed  the 
Journal  office  and  all  its  books  and  materials.  But  it  did  not  omit  a  single 
day's  issue.  Before  the  flames  which  devoured  the  better  part  of  the  city 
were  fairly  extinguished  the  energetic  proprietor  of  the  paper,  seconded  by  a 
force  of  editorial  and  reportorial  assistants,  who  were  as  prompt  and  public- 
spirited  as  their  employer  was  resolute,  hired  the  material  and  presses  of  a  job 
office  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  issued  an  Evening  Journal  at  the 
usual  hour  of  publication,  and  it  was  issued  regularly  thereafter.  In  April, 
1872,  the  Journal  office  was  removed  into  a  fine  new  five-story  brick  build- 
ing, with  a  stone  front,  at  159  and  161  Dearborn  street,  where  it  continues  to  be 
published  to  this  day. 

In  1875  Charles  L.  Wilson's  health  began  to  fail,  and  in  March,  1878,  he 
died  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  whither,  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  infant 
daughter,  he  had  gone  to  spend  the  winter.  Before  his  death  he  had  per- 
fected a  plan  for  the  re-organization  of  the  Evening  Journal  as  a  joint  stock 
company,  of  which  he  was  president,  and  Henry  W.  Farrar  secretary  and  busi- 
ness manager.  After  his  death  Mrs  Wilson  and  her  daughter,  being  his  sole 
heirs,  became  owners  of  nearly  all  the  stock  of  the  Journal  company.  Andrew 
Shuman  was  elected  president  of  the  company  and  remained  in  editorial 
control  of  the  paper  and  Henry  W.  Farrar  (Mrs.  Wilson's  brother)  con- 
tiuued  as  secretary,  treasurer  and  business  manager.  On  the  first  of 
March,  1830,  the  company  leased  the  newspaper  establishment  to  Andrew 
Siiuman  and  John  It.  Wilaon,  a  nephew  of  the  late  proprietor.  This  part- 
nership was  continued  until  January  1,  1883,  at  which  time  John  R.  Wilson 
obtained  control  of  a  majority  of  the  stock,  the  officers  then  being  Andrew 
Shuinau,  president ;  W.  K.  Sullivan,  secretary,  and  John  R.  Wilson,  treas- 
urer. On  Gov.  Shuman's  death  in  May,  1890,  W.  K.  Sullivan  was  elected 
president  and  John  R.Wilson  secretary  and  treasurer. 

This  is  a  brief  history  of  the  oldest  daily  newspaper  published  in  Chicago. 
Its  pages  are  a  retlox  of  the  eventful  years  of  its  publication.  Its  columns  are 
chronicles  of  Chicago's  progress  from  a  small  frontier  village  to  a  great  and 
progressive  city.  Fortunately  nearly  all  the  bound  volumes  of  the  old  Amer- 
ican, Express  and  Journal  were  saved  from  the  tire  of  1871,  and  some  of  the 
most  interesting  and  valuable  historical  data  and  relics  of  the  city  are  con- 


GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

« 

tained  within  their  covers.  Among  those  now  more  or  less  famous,  locally  or 
generally,  who  have  at  one  time  or  another  been  connected  with  the  Journal 
as  writers,  are  Benjamin  P.Taylor,  the  poet  and  lecturer;  George  P.  Upton, 
now  of  the  Tribune's  corps  of  writers;  J.  C.  K.  Forest,  subsequently  of 
"  Long  John  "  Wentworth's  Democrat,  but  now  of  the  News;  Andre  Matteson, 
Horace  White,  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post;  Henry  M.  Smith,  subsequently 
city  editor  of  the  Tribune;  J.  H.  McVicker,  of  McVicker's  theatre;  Prof. 
Nathan  Shepard.a  popular  lecturer;  Paul  Selby,  editor  of  the  Illinois  State 
Journal,  at  Springfield,  III.;  Prof.  J.  W.  Larrimore,  late  principal  of  the 
Cook  county  normal  school,  and  now  assistant  principal  of  one  of  our  city 
public  schools;  Dr.  Frank  W.  Reilly:  W.  K.  Sullivan,  late  president  of  the 
Chicago  board  of  education;  Chas.  H.  Wignall,  deceased;  John  C.  Miller, 
F.  F.  Browne,  and  many  others. 

Freie  Presse. — Location  of  publication  office,  £0  and  94  Fifth  ave.  Richard 
Michaelis,  editor.  The  Freie  Presse  was  established  in  1871  by  Richard 
Michaelis,  its  present  editor,  and  has  gained  during  the  last  two  years  8,823 
daily  subscribers.  In  politics  it  is  independent  republican,  and  has  been  so 
since  its  existence.  Its  columns  teem  with  the  latest  and  best  local  and  tele- 
graphic news  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  one  of  the  features  especially 
interesting  to  the  Germans  is  the  large  amount  of  choice  and  select  items  of 
news  from  all  parts  of  Germany.  By  virtue  of  its  large  circulation.it  has  become 
a  valuable  advertising  medium.  In  addition  to  daily  editions,  it  also  publishes 
a  newsy  and  interesting  weekly  edition,  and  also  a  Sunday  edition,  under  the 
name  of  Daheim,  an  excellent  German  Sunday  newspaper.  It  is  equipped 
with  a  large  staff  of  competent  editors  and  reporters.  It  claims  the  largest 
morning  circulations  of  all  German  dailies  west  of  New  York  City. 

Ooodall's  Daily  Sun.— A.  daily  newspaper  published  at  the  Union  Stock 
Yards,  and  devoted  to  news  of  special  interest  to  dealers  in  live  stock.  Har- 
vey L.  Goodall,  publisher  and  proprietor. 

Herald. — Location  of  publication  office  the  Herald  building,  154, 
156  and  158  Washington  street,  near  La  Salle  street.  JameB  W.  Scott, 
publisher.  A  morning  independent,  democratic  newspaper,  published 
every  day  in  the  week.  Founded  in  the  spring  of  1881,  by  a  stock 
company,  of  which  James- W.  Scott  was  the  head.  In  its  earlier  years 
it  was  an  exponent  of  the  idea  that  a  small  newspaper  containing  all 
of  the  news  in  condensed  form  was  best  adapted  for  public  convenience 
and  taste,  but  its  greatest  success  has  been  achieved  since  it  entered  the 
rield  occupied  by  the  older  journals  and  vied  with  them  in  the  magnitude 
of  its  daily  editions  and  in  the  elaborate  presentation  of  news  of  every 
description.  In  1883,  John  It.  Walsh  purchased  and  still  retains  a  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  Herald,  which  is  now  the  most  extensively  circulated 
morning  paper  in  the  West,  with  an  advertising  patronage  that  is  second  to 
none.  The  Herald  has  erected  a  magnificent  building  for  its  exclusive  use 
and  has  supplied  it  with  everything  in  the  way  of  machinery  and  other 
appliances  that  go  to  make  a  first-class  newspaper  plant.  It  is  printed  on 
ten  perfecting  presses  of  the  best  pattern,  having  a  capacity  of  more  than 
100,000  copies  an  hour.  Its  news  service  is  remarkably  comprehensive  and 
complete.  In  addition  to  a  large  local  staff,  it  has  correspondents  in  every 
county  seat  throughout  the  Northwest,  and  in  every  city  of  importance  in  the 
entire  country.  It  also  maintains  branch  offices  in  New  York,  Washington 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


423 


Milwaukee  and  Springfield.  The  Herald  was  the  first  Chicago  newspaper  to 
use  illustrations  extensively.  It  now  employs  several  artists  and  maintains 
its  own  engraving  plant,  where  all  of  its  cuts  are  manufactured  by  the  zinc- 
etching  process.  In  politics,  while  the  Herald  has  not  been  bound  to  party, 
it  has  been  a  consistent  supporter  of  the  National  Democratic  organization, 
iuits  demand  for  the  reformation  and  reduction  of  the  protective  tariff.  The 
executive  staff  of  the  Herald  is  as  follows:  Publisher,  James  W.  Scott;  man- 
aging editor,  H.  W.  Seymour;  night  editor,  Charles  G.  Seymour;  city  editor, 
S.  P.  Browne;  business  manager,  S.  G.  Sea.  - 

NEW  BUILDING  OF  CHICAGO  HERALD. — There  is  probably  not  another 
building  devoted  to  the  publication  of  a  newspaper  in  the  world  equalling  it  in 
magnificence,  and  certainly  there  is  none  other  in  which  so  much  attention 
has  been  given  to  completeness  of  detail.  On  entering  the  imposing  count- 
ing room,  the  visitor  will  at  once  notice  the  fine  Italian  stone  mosaic  with 
which  the  floor  is  hand  inlaid,  the  counter  of  black  Belgian  marble,  surmounted 
with  black  iron,  wrought  in  graceful  designs,  and  the  sixteen  columns  of 
genuine  Sienna  marble;  also  the  Italian  marble  wainscoting.  They  will  also 
be  interested  in  the  working  of  the  automatic  tubes,  which  convey  advertising 
matter  to  the  composing  room  and  news  matterto  the  edilorial  floor.  Passing 
four  long  distance  telephones,  entrance  is  had  to  the  visitor's  gallery,  over- 
looking ten  Titanic  presses.  Next  in  point  of  interest  is  the  composing  room, 
to  which  the  visitor  ascends  in  either  of  the  two  great  elevators,  framed  in 
handwrought  iron,  and  which  travel  up  a  shaft  walled  from  top  to  bottom 
with  the  finest  Italian  marble.  The  walls  of  the  composing  room  are  white 
enameled,  and  it  is  finished  throughout  in  marble,  iron  and  oak.  Even  the 
type  stands  are  of  iron,  with  the  Monogram  of  Ihe  Herald  wrought  in  gold  in 
each,  and  there  are  cases  for  180  men  on  straight  composition,  to  say  nothing 
of  those  employed  on  advertising  copy.  Electric  calls  at  each  case  connect 
with  the  copy-box,  in  the  front  of  which  is  a  perforated  peg  rack  where  are 
assorted  slugs,  numbered  on  both  sides  for  every  compositor,  and  by  which 
the  coppy  cutter  tells  at  a  glance  what  and  how  many  men  are  working  on 
"time"  copy.  An  ariel  railway  takes  advertising  copy  from  the  copy-box  to 
the  "Ad"  department,  and  the  proof  from  thence  to  the  proof-readers.  Elec- 
tric call  speaking  tubes  connect  the  principal  departments  of  the  building. 
The  foreman's  office  is  on  an  elevated  platform,  from  which  he  can  survey  his 
entire  force.  Every  compositor  has  a  clothes  locker,  and  the  marble  closets 
are  unsurpassed  in  elegance  by  those  of  any  hotel.  Filtered  ice  water,  with 
a  solid  silver,  gold-lined  drinking  cup,  a  restaurant  finished  in  marble  and 
oak,  and  provided  with  reading  tables  and  library,  are  other  provisions  for  the 
compositors.  Four  hundred  electric  lights  illuminate  this  department,  ad- 
joining which  is  the  stereotyping  room  with  its  two-ton  metal  pot,  improved 
mailing  machine,  matrix  drying  and  matrix  trimming  machines.  A  Turkish 
bath  and  marble  walled  toilet  room  is  one  of  the  luxuries  afforded  to  the 
workers  in  this  room. 

The  editorial  floors  occupy  the  fourth  and  fifth  floors.  An  [electric  call 
on  the  desk  of  each  reporter  connects  with  the  city  editor's  desk,  and  electric 
call  speaking  tube  connections  communicate  with  the  principals  throughout 
the  building.  The  editorial  rooms  cluster  around  a  commodious  library,  and 
in  the  telegraph  room  specially  designed  desks  enclose  typewriters  and  instru- 
ments for  twelve  operators.  The  art  department  contains  a  photo-engraving 
plant,  complete  in  every  detail,  and  run  by  electric  motors.  The  apartments 


424  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

of  the  publisher  of  The  Herald  are  probably  the  most  luxurious  offices  in  the 
world.  Telegraphic  instruments  of  sterling  silver,  for  his  especial  use,  con- 
nect with  all  the  wires  operated  by  the  United  Press,  as  well  as  those  used  by 
The  Herald;  the  electric  call  speaking  tubes  are  of  silver,  as  also  are  the 
electric  light  fittings.  The  timbered  ceilings,  the  seven  foot  wainscoting, and  all 
the  furnishings  of  the  room  are  of  solid  mahogany,  and  the  walls  above  the 
wainscoting  are  encrusted  with  matrices  of  The  Herald.  In  the  ante-room  is 
a  long  distance, portable  desk  telephone,  which  is  the  most  complete  instrument 
of  its  kind  ever  made. 

As  a  souvenir  each  visitor  to  The  Herald  Building  receives  a  photograv- 
ure of  the  mediaeval  Herald,  which,  cast  in  bronze,  ornaments  the  facade  of  the 
building.  This  Statue  alone  cost  several  thousand  dollars,  and  three  large  bas- 
reliefs,  illustrating  the  progress  of  printing,  add  still  further  to  the  striking 
architecture  of  the  building,  which  is  so  conspicuous  a  landmark  of  Wash- 
ington street.  The  building-has  been  erected  for  the  newspaper  business,  and 
not  for  tenants;  it  embodies  the  result  of  eleven  years  of  popularity  with  the 
great  newspaper  reading  public  of  Chicago  and  the  Northwest. 

Illinois  Staats  Zeitung. — Location  of  publication  office,  northeast  corner 
of  Washington  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  Pounded  in  the  spring  of  1848.  A  daily 
morning  newspaper,  printed  in  the  German  language.  The  Staats  Zeitung 
Company,  proprietors.  William  Rapp,  editor;  Washington  Hesing.  man- 
aging editor  The  founder  of  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  was  Robert  Hoeff- 
gen,  who  invested  in  the  enterprise  $200.  Mr.  Hoeffgen  was  assisted  by  an 
apprentice  who  received  seventy-five  cents  per  week.  In  those  days  it  was 
incumbent  upon  the  proprietor  of  a  newspaper,  not  only  to  direct  the  general 
management,  but  to  do  nearly,  if  not  all,  the  work.  At  first  the  newspaper 
appeared  as  a  weekly.  The  editor  and  proprietor  collected  advertisements 
and  solicited  subscriptions,  set  his  own  type,  ran  his  own  presses,  and,  having 
completed  his  paper  indoors,  started  out  on  the  street  with  his  entire  edition 
under  his  arm  and  distributed  the  same  to  his  subscribers  In  the  fall  of 
1848.  Dr.  Hellmuth  then  being  the  editor,  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  was  the 
only  German  newspaper  in  the  United  States  to  discover  in  the  Buffalo  plat- 
form the  principles  upon  which  afterward  was  founded  the  Republican 
party.  The  County  of  Cook  gave  Van  Buren  a  majority  of  1,200,  no  little 
credit  of  which  was  due  to  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  for  its  stanch  and 
unswerving  advocacy  of  the  principles  laid  down  in  that  campaign.  After 
the  presidential  election  Arnold  Voss  was  the  editor.  He  was  succeeded  in 
1849  by  Herman  Krietre,  and  in  1850  Dr.  Hellmuth  again  assumed  the  edi- 
torial management.  Under  his  charge  the  paper  appeared  twice  a  week 
until  1851,  when  George  Schneider  became  connected  with  the  paper,  and 
changed  it  into  a  daily,  with  70  subscribers,  its  weekly  list  being  ouly  a  little 
over  200.  In  1853  the  circulation  of  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  increased  to 
over  500,  which  necessitated  the  employment  of  three  carriers.  In  1854  the 
number  of  subscribers  had  increased  to  800.  George  Hill  Gaertner  was  at 
this' time  associated  with  George  Schneider.  As  the  Illinois  Staats  Zcitunrj 
was  the  first  German  newspaper  to  discover  the  cardinal  principles  of  the 
Republican  party  in  the  Buffalo  platform,  so  it  was  the  first  to  oppose  the 
Nebraska  bill  and  to  begin  the  determined  opposition  to  Douglas.  It  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  leading  the  Germans  into  the  Republican  party,  and 
in  1856  was  using  its  utmost  endeavors  in  behalf  of  Fremont.  In  that  ever 
memorable  campaign  between,  Lincoln  , and  Douglas  in .1858,  .no  parser  did 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  425 

more  for  the  success  of  Mr.  Lincoln  than  did  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung 
From  this  time  on  began  to  develop  the  influence  of  the  Illinois  Staats 
Zeitung,  which  has  been  ever  felt  in  the  Common  Council,  the  Legislature, 
but  especially  in  political  campaigns  in  Cook  County,  for  more  than  once  has 
it  been  opposed  by  the  entire  Anglo-American  press,  but  yet  has  carried  the 
day.  In  1861  William  Rapp  became  the  editor  of  the  Illinois  Staats  Ztitung. 
In  the  same  year  Mr.  Lorenz  Brentauo  bought  out  Mr.  Hoeffgen's  interest 
and  assumed  the  editorial  management.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  Mr.  George 
Schneider  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  A.  C.  Hesing.  Messrs.  Brentano  and  Hesing 
-were  associated  together  until  1867,  when  Mr.  A.  C.  Hesing  purchased  Mr. 
Brentano's  interest.  In  this  year  Mr.  Herman  Raster  assumed  the  editorial  man- 
agement, which  position  he  filled  until  his  death  in  July,  1890.  The  gieat  fire  of 
1871  claimed  the  Illinois  St/tat*  Zeitung  as  one  of  its  victims.  Its  loss  was 
total,  yet  it  was  among  the  first  of  the  Chicago  dailies  to  appear,  and  that  too 
within  forty-eight  hours  after  the  fire  had  ceased.  Preparations  were  soon 
made  for  permanent  quarters.  On  the  10th  of  March,  1873,  its  present  mag- 
nificent structure  was  completed  and  occupied.  The  cost  of  the  same,  with 
machinery,  presses,  etc.,  amounted  to  nearly  $300,000.  The  Illinois  Slants 
Zeitung  of  to  day  is  among  the  German  newspapers,  second  only  to  the  New 
York  Stoats  Zeitung  in  wealth  and  circulation,  while  in  ability,  in  power  and 
in  influence  it  is  not  equaled,  much  less  surpassed,  by  any  German  news- 
paper of  the  United  States.  The  combined  circulation  of  the  editions  of  the 
Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  amount  to  over  97,000,  being  larger  than  that  of  any 
German  newspaper  published  west  of  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Inter  Ocean,  The. — Location  of  publication  office,  northwest  corner  of 
Madison  and  Dearborn  streets.  The  Inter-Ocean  Company,  proprietors.  Wil- 
liam Pena  Nixon,  editor.  H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  publisher,  "in  1861  the  late 
James  W.  Shehan  founded  the  Morning  Post.  In  1865  the  Post  franchise 
was  purchased  by  the  Republican  Company,  at  Ihe  head  of  which  was 
Charles  A.  Dana,  at  present  editor  of  the  New  York  Sun.  Previous  to 
the  great  fire  of  1871  the  Republican  was  conducted  by  Joseph  B.  McCul- 
lagh,  at  present  editor  of  the  St.  Louis  Globe- Democrat.  After  the  great 
fire  of  1871  there  was  little  left  of  the  Republican  except,  its  franchise, 
which  was  purchased  by  the  late  J.  Young  Scammon,  then  a  banker, 
and  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Chicago;  who,  on  March  25,  1872, 
founded  the  Inter-Ocean.  The  republicanism  of  the  initial  number  of  the 
Inter  Ocean  was  of  the  most  stalwart  order,  the  proprietor  indicating  the  spirit 
of  the  paper  in  the  crisp  declaration.  "  Independent  in  nothing;  republicanin 
everything."  Mr.  Scammon  went  into  the  enterprise  with  characteristic  zeal 
and  energy,  and  calling  to  his  assistance  a  number  of  practical  and  experienced 
men,  soon  made  the  Inter  Ocean  a  political  power,  not  only  in  the  city  and 
State,  but  throughout  the  Northwest.  Its  radical  republicanism  and  devo- 
tion to  the  party  it  professed  to  represent  were  made  so  manifest  during  the 
presidential  campaign  of  1872,  that  it  at  once  secured  an  influence  in  the  party 
not  equaled  by  many  journals  of  long  standing.  The  erratic  course  of  other 
journals  claiming  to  be  republican  also  contributed  much  to  the  success  of  the 
new  venture,  and  the  circulation  of  the  paper  increased  rapidly  Mr.  Scam- 
mon continued  to  be  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  Inter  Ocean  until  the  spring 
of  1873,  when  Frank  W.  Palmer,  of  Des  Moiues,  Iowa,  bought  a  large  interest 
and  became  editor-in-chief.  Under  his  management  the  paper  prospered 


426  GUIDE  TO    CHICAGO. 

until  the  panic  of  1873 prostrated  the  affairs  of  the  country  and  caused  the  flnan 
cial  embarrassment  of  Mr.  Scammon,  the  principal  proprietor.  In  the  fall  of 
1875  the  corporation,  under  pressure  of  a  large  indebtedness,  was  compelled 
to  sell  the  paper  to  a  new  organization.  The  transfer  brought  the  Inter  Ocean 
under  the  control  of  William  Penn  Nixon,  who  had  been  for  some  years  the 
business  manager.  Notwithstanding  the  great  depression  of  the  times,  the 
paper  was  put  on  a  firm  footing  by  the  infusion  of  new  capital,  the  intro- 
duction of  new  machinery,  and  entered  upon  a  new  era  of  prosperity .  Through 
all  its  vicissitudes  the  Inter  Ocean  maintained  its  political  integrity.  The 
weekly  Inter  Ocean  has  a  circulation  varying  from  90,000  to  140, 000  copies. 
Postage  on  the  Inter  Ocean  for  the  year  1890  was  $13,379.77.  The  Inter 
Ocean  is  printed  on  perfecting  presses  of  the  Scott  &  Bullock  patterns  and  was 
the  first  paper  in  the  country  to  perfect  and  use  a  folder,  machinery  for 
cutting  and  folding  and  pasting.  Until  May  1,  1880,  the  Inter  Ocean  was 
published  at  119  Lake  street.  The  establishment  was  then  moved  to  more 
commodious  and  convenient  quarters  at  85  Madison  street.  In  1890  the  Inter 
Ocean  moved  into  its  present  handsome  structure.  The  new  building  is 
arranged  to  meet  the  requirements  of  every  department  of  a  great  metro- 
politan paper. 

List>/. — A  Bohemian  daily  newspaper,  founded  in  1883,  and  published  at 
362  W.  Eighteenth  st. 

Post. — Publication  office,  164  and  166  Washington  st.  The  Chicago 
Evening  Post  Company  proprietors.  James  W.  Scott,  president;  C.  Mc- 
Auliff,  managing  editor;  A.  F.  Portman,  business  manager.  The  Evening 
Post  issued  its  first  number  on  Tuesday,  April  29,  1890,  from  temporary 
quarters  at  128  and  130  Fifth  avenue.  It  came  into  the  world  a  complete 
newspaper  of  eight  pages,  and  at  once  assumed  a  place  and  clientage  of  its 
own.  In  January,  1891,  it  moved  into  its  entirely  new  and  commodious 
quarters,  The  Evening  Post  building,  164  and  166  Washington  st.,  a  hand- 
some, modern  structure,  especially  constructed  by  and  for  the  Evening  Post. 
The  building  has  a  frontage  of  40  feet  on  Washington  street,  and  extends  175 
feet  back  to  Calhoun  Place,  having  light  on  three  sides  and  from  a  roomy 
court.  The  counting  room  and  publication  office  occupy  the  ground  floor, 
and  the  editorial  rooms  the  upper  floors.  In  the  basement  are  six  Scott 
presses  each  with  a  capacity  of  15,000  an  hour.  Each  department  is 
equipped  with  the  most  modern  devices  for  speed,  accuracy  and  convenience. 
The  Evening  Post  is  independent  in  politics  as  in  all  other  things.  It  is  pre- 
eminently a  newspaper.  Direct  wires  connect  its  office  with  Washington, 
New  York,  Springfield  and  other  news  centers,  and  carry  day  by  day  a 
larger  telegraph  service  than  was  ever  before  attempted  by  an  afternoon 
paper. 

The  Evening  Post  is  especially,  aside  from  its  news  features,  noted  for  the 
fullness  and  accuracy  of  its  commercial  and  financial  reports,  its  intelligence, 
of  society  and  women,  its  art,  musical  and  theatrical  features,  its  sporting  intelli- 
gence and  for  its  wealth  of  literary  and  miscellaneous  matter.  Its  numerous 
illustrations  are  easi  ly  among  the  best  printed  in  the  daily  papers  of  the  world. 
They  find  a  handsome  setting  in  the  typographical  beauties  of  the  paper's 
well  printed  pages.  In  spite  of  a  continually  increasing  pressure  up'on  its 
columns  by  advertisers,  the  Evening  Post  has  refused  to  exceed  its  limit  of 
eight  pages.  In  that  space  it  finds  room  to  give  a  daily  summary  of  the 
affairs  of  the  world,  in  form  at  once  complete  and  readable.  The  apprecia- 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  427 

tion  of  Chicago  people  for  such  service  is  attested  by  the  growing  circulation 
of  the  Evening  Post,  which,  within  a  year  of  its  birth,  exceeded  that  of  any 
other  paper  in  Chicago,  with  the  possible  exception  of  two,  and  which  has 
been  rapidly  increasing  ever  since. 

Skandinaven,  The. — Location  of  publication  office,  the  Skandinaven 
Building,  183,  185  and  187  N.  Peoria  street,  West  Side.  Take  Milwaukee 
avenue  cable  line,  or  Indiana  street  horse  car  to  Peoria.  John  Anderson 
company,  publishers.  John  Anderson,  president;  Franklin  S  Anderson, 
secretary;  L.  J.  Lee,  treasurer.  Franklin  8.  Anderson,  Business  manager; 
Peler  Hendrickson,  A.  M.,.Ph.  D.,  editor  in  chief.  Founded  in  1866  by 
John  Anderson  and  Knud  Langland;  present  issues:  Daily  Skandinaven,  four 
to  ten  pages;  Sunday  Skandinaven,  eight  to  twelve  pages;  Weekly  Scandinaven, 
twelve  to  sixteen  pages;  Bi-Weekly  Skandinaven  (European  Edition)  no  adver- 
tisements, ten  columns  quarto;  monthly,  the  Hu sbibliothtk  ( "  Home  Library^) 
a  high  class  literary  and  family  periodical;  forty-two  pages.  The  Skandinaven 
was  at  its  birth  a  four-page  weekly  paper.  It  remained  a  weekly  till  after  the 
great  fire  of  1871,  when  a  daily  issue  was  commenced,  which  has  been  con- 
tinued without  interruption  to  the  present  time.  Its  earliest  editor,  Mr.  Knud 
Langland  (now  deceased),  was  one  of  the  ablest  Skandinavian  journalists  of 
his  times  and  did  much  towards  popularizing  the  paper  and  extending  its  influ- 
ence and  usefulness.  He,  however,  remained  a  partner  of  Mr.  Anderson  but 
a  short  time,  and  the  work  of  building  up  the  property  and  placing  it  upon  the 
solid  basis  which  it  occupies  to-day  'devolved  entirely  upon  the  latter.  The 
Scandinaven  passed  through  all  the  trials  and  troubles  incident  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  newspaper,  but,  though  in  a  small  way  at  the  beginning,  made 
steady  gains,  and  early  in  live  seventies  began  to  command  credit,  respect  and 
circulation.  To-day  it  has  a'  larger  circulation  than  any  other  paper  printed 
in  the  Scandinavian  language  in  this  country.  Mr.  Anderson,  the  head 
of  the  establishment,  was  brought  to  Chicago  by  his  parents  in  1845.  Learn- 
ing the  printing  business  he  became  connected  with  the  Chicago  Tribune 
and  set  type  for  that  paper  when  it  was  a  very  small  and  humble  sheet. 
He  is,  therefore,  a  practical  newspaper  man,  and  his  knowledge  of  the 
art  of  printing  extended  at  an  early  age  beyond  the  newspaper  composing 
room.  The  result  of  this  has  been  the  building  up  of  a  job  printing 
establishment  in  connection  with  the  Scandinaven  which  in  many  ways 
ranks  above  some  of  the  most  pretentious  in  the  country.  The  Scandinaven 
job  department,  for  instance,  will  accept  English  copy  and  turn  it  out 
in  Scandinavian  (which  means  Norwegian,  Danish  or  Swedish),  German, 
French,  Spanish,  Italian.  Bohemian  or  Polish  type.  All  matter  is 
translated  (except,  perhaps,  high  class  books)  in  its  composing  room.  The 
work  thus  produced  includes  commercial  pamphlets,  catalogues,  circulars,  etc. 
From  this  department, 'also,  is  issued  in  Norwegian  a  large  number  of  original 
works  and  reprints.  The  John  Anderson  Company  publishes  about  twenty- 
five  new  books  annually.  Popular  American  and  foreign  works  are  either 
translated  entire  or  adapted  for  Scandinavian  readers.  In  addition  to  this,  the 
house  is  the  largest  importer  of  Skandinavian  books  in  the  United  States .  The 
bindeiy  is  in  itself  one  of  the  most  important  depaitments,  and  very  hand- 
some editions  are  produced  in  paper,  cloth  and  more  expensive  covers.  The 
practical  knowledge  of  Mr.  Anderson  has  been  felt  in  the  press  room  as  well. 
The  entire  basement  of  the  building  (with  the  exception  of  a  portion  given 
over  to  the  storage  of  paper,  which  the  firm  purchases  in  large  quantities, 
being  one  of  the  heaviest  consumers  in  the  city,  is  occupied  with  machinery 


428  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

of  the  latest  pattern  and  most  modern  devices.  The  facilities  of  the  con- 
cern for  turning  out  large  jobs  are  not  inferior  to  any  in  the  city.  Mr.  Ander- 
son's ideas  have  naturally  made  themselves  felt  upon  the  editorial  course  of  the 
Skandinaven  and  its  allied  publication.  He  was  an  Abolitionist  and  Free 
Soiler  in  his  young  manhood,  and  when  it  was  a  crime  to  oppose  the  slave 
element.  He  has  always  been  a  staunch  republican.  He  believes  in  clean 
journalism  and  clean  politics,  and  the  moral  tone  of  the  Skandinaven  has 
always  been  maintained  at  the  highest.  There  are  inthe  northwest  to-day  fully 
1,250,000  ISkandinavians.  Asa  rule  the}'  are  an  educated,  thrifty,  economical 
and  progressive  people.  While  many  cling  to  the  cities,  and  occupy  positions 
of  honor  among  the  commercial  classes  in  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  other  centers,  the  great  majority  have  agricultural  tastes,  and  some  of  the 
finest  farms  in  the  northwest  are  owned  and  operated  by  them.  To  these 
people  the  daily  or  weekly  editions  of  the  8/candinaven  bring  the  news. 
From  the  Skandinaven  they  obtain  the  drift  of  cunent  opinion, 
while  it  keeps  them  acquainted  with  the  world's  doings  in 
every  department  of  human  activity.  The  Huslribliothek  monthly  brings 
them  literary  contributions  ,  and  discusses  matters  of  interest  to  the  house- 
holder, the  farmer,  the  housewife  and  the  young  people.  Naturally  they  go 
to  the  Skandinavian  printing  house  also  for  the  more  permanent  character  of 
reading  matter,  and  hence  the  large  book  trade  of  the  company.  People  who 
want  to  talk  to  the  Skandinavians  of  the  great  Northwest,  talk  to  them 
through  one  or  the  other  of  the  editions  of  the  Skandinaven,  and  the  advertis- 
ing patronage  enjoyed  by  the  company  is  very  extensive  and  profitable. 
Prof.  Peter  Hendrickson,  the  editor-in-chief,  who,  with  five  assistants,  con- 
ducts  the  literary,  news  and  general  departments  of  these  publications,  was 
for  sixteen  years  an  honored  member  of  the  faculty  of  Beloit  college,  and 
retired  from  that  position  to  assume  his  present  responsible  duties.  He  is  not 
only  a  ripe,  but  a  versatile  scholar,  and  his  pen  commands  the  English, 
Scandinavian,  German  and  French  languages  with  equal  facility.  His  work 
has  given  tone  to  the  pages  of  the  Skandinaven.  He  is  a  tireless  worker. 
No  English  journalist  can  conceive  the  daily  task  which  confronts 
the  editor  of  a  great  Skandinavian  newspaper  in  this  country.  Everything 
must  be  translated  that  is  not  originally  written  in  Norwegian.  Everything 
must  be  condens<d  also.  Everything  must  be  adapted  to  the  taste  of  the 
Skandinavian  reader  as  well.  The  shears  and  paste-pot  play  a  very  unim- 
portant part  in  the  day's  labor.  Prof.  Hendrickson  and  his  assistants  are  at 
their  desks  early  and  late,  and  the  wonder  is  that  they  ever  find  time  to 
devote  to  other  and  pleasanter  literary  labor.  Mr.  Frank  Anderson,  the 
business  manager,  took  a  three-term  course  at  the  M>idison  university  and 
commenced  as  an  apprentice  in  the  establishment,  going  thiough  all  the 
departments,  and  attaining  a  proficiency  in  the  business. 

The  Skandinaven  building  (see  illustration)  is  a  structure  60x118,  3 
stories  and  basement,  of  modern  design  and  substantial  construction. 

Times. — Location  of  publication  office,  northwest  corner  of  Washington 
st.  and  Fifth  ave.  The  Chicago  Times  Company,  proprietors.  Founded  in 
1854  as  a  democratic  party  paper — more  especially  as  a  personal  and  political 
organ  of  Senator  Douglas.  It  was  continued  with  varied  fortunes  and  by 
different  owners  as  a  democratic  paper,  representing  the  different  factions  of 
the  party,  until  1861,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Wilbur  F.  Storey.  During 
the  whole  period  of  its  existence,  until  this  purchase,  it  probably  had  never 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA..  42) 

been  legitimately  sustained  for  a  single  week,  having  relied  upon  party  con- 
tributions for  sustenance.  Not  having  been  in  any  true  sense  a  newspaper, 
it  had  not  acquired  more  than  a  meager  circulation,  and  its  advertising  pat- 
ronage was  of  small  account.  When  purchased  by  Mr.  Storey  it  had  been 
for  some  time  conducted  at  a  loss  of  hundreds  of  dollars  per  week,  its  last 
owner  having  been  Mr.  Cyrus  H.  McCor;nick,  and  it  was  not  until  the  lapse 
of  some  months  that  Mr.  Storey  was  enabled  to  bring  it  up  to  the  condition 
of  a  remunerative  newspaper.  During  Mr.  Storey's  management  it  became 
one  of  the  leading  independent  democratic  newspapers  of  the  country.  It 
bolted  the  democratic  party  in  the  famous  Greeley  campaign,  and  though 
leaning  strongly  to  that  party  always,  during  Mr.  Storey's  lifetime,  it 
occupied  a  position  of  independence  which  frequently  embarrassed  the 
democratic  managers,  National,  State  and  local.  In  1879  Wilbur  F. 
Storey's  health  began  to  give  away,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death,  in 
1884,  the  newspaper  which  he  had  so  ably  managed  sank  gradually  into  a 
condition  of  mediocrity.  Upon  his  death  the  properly  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  receiver,  and  for  over  three  years,  or  until  the  winter  of  1887,  it 
lost  heavily  in  circulation  and  business,  the  ownership  of  the  property  being 
involved  in  law-suits  between  the  widow  and  heirs  at  law  of  Mr.  Storey.  On 
the  24th  of  December,  1887,  the  Chicago  Times  newspaper,  appurtenances 
and  building  passed  into  the  control  of  James  J.  West,  who  organized  the 
Chicago  Times  Company,  which  ultimately  became  the  proprietor  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  paper.  Prom  that  time  on  new  life  was  infused  into  the  Times 
newspaper,  and  it  began  to  assume  something  of  its  old  time  vigor.  The 
price  being  reduced  at  first  from  five  to  three  cents,  and  afterward  to  two 
cents,  its  circulation  grew  rapidly,  and  its  advertising  patronage  increased. 
In  the  summer  of  1889  litigation  arose  among  the  stockholders,  which 
resulted  in  the  sale  of  the  paper,  in  September,  1891,  to  Mr.  H.  J.  Huiscamp, 
who  sold  it  the  following  October  to  "  The  Newspaper  Company,"  a  close 
corporation  with  Hon.  Carter  H.  Harrison  as  general  manager  and  editor.  In 
his  salutatory  to  the  public  the  new  editor  pledged  that  "  The  Times  would 
be  a  first-class  newspaper,  democratic  in  principles,  but  not  a  slave  to  party. 
That  it  would  be  no  man's  organ  and  would  have  no  hobbies  to  ride  and  no 
axes  to  grind."  The  paper  is  now  free  from  all  former  complications,  owes 
no  debts,  has  abundant  financial  backing,  and  bids  fair  to  attain  to  its  former 
prosperity.  The  force  of  Mr.  Harrison's  personality  is  evident  in  every  edi- 
tion of  the  paper.  The  make-up  has  been  greatly  improved.  It  is  'plain 
that  there  is  a  better  spirit  in  the  office  that  at  any  time  since  Mr.  James  J. 
West  was  in  control,  and  that  men  are  at  the  heads  of  departments  who 
understand  the  wants  of  the  public  and  know  something  of  the  means 
employed  to  meet  them.  Mr.  Harrison  was  four  times  elected  Mayor  of 
Chicago.  He  is  a  man  of  culture  and  of  experience  in  the  ways  of  life,  home 
and  abroad. 

Tribune. — Location  of  publication  office,  southeast  corner  of  Madison  and 
Dearborn sts.  The  Chicago  Tribune  Company,  proprietors.  Joseph  Medill, 
editor-in-chief.  The  Chicago  Tribune  is  a  daily  newspaper,  with  every  equip- 
ment necessary  to  the  successful  conduct  of  a  great  journal.  It  has  the 
advantages  of  age  and  experience,  and  the  means  to  present  to  the  public 
the  fullest  and  most  reliable  information  of  events  transpiring  in  the 
world.  Its  building,  erected  after  the  great  fire  of  1871,  on  the  site  of 
the  former  structure,  was  planned  and  completed  for  the  home  of  a  great 


430  GUIDE     TO    CHICAGO. 

newspaper.  There  is  no  facility  lacking.  Its  presses,  manufactured 
to  order,  combine  the  very  latest  improvements,  and  have  the  speed  necessary 
to  supply  any  demand  that  may  arise.  In  every  department  where  mechan- 
ics are  important,  the  Tribune  is  unsurpassed.  In  its  arrangements  for  the 
collection  of  news  the  Chicago  Tribune  acknowledges  no  superior  in  its  pro- 
fession. Its  correspondents,  many  of  whom  have  a  national  reputation  for 
their  intimate  knowledge  of,  and  prominence  in,  political  and  social  affairs, 
are  under  instruction  to  deliver  to  the  Tribvne,  up  to  the  latest  hour  in  every 
morning  of  the  year,  impartial  and  full  reports  of  every  event,  regardless  of 
expense.  Its  financial  reports  are  relied  upon  by  bankers,  capitalists  and  opera- 
tors; its  record  of  occurrences  at  home  makes  it  a  family  daily;  its  political  and 
literary  features  are  among  the  ablest  and  most  discriminating  in  the  country. 
The  history  of  a  great  newspaper,  like  the  Chicago  Tribune,  is  of  interest,  not 
only  in  its  own  country,  but  to  the  people  of  the  world  who  will  be  in  Chicago 
during  the  next  few  months,  and  to  whom  the  Tribvne,  through  the  editor  of 
this  work,  extends  a  welcome  invitation  to  make  an  inspection  of  its  building 
and  the  operations  necessary  to  the  making  up  a  complete  record  of  the  daily 
"  map  of  life."  The  first  number  of  the  Chicago  Tribune  was  issued  on  the 
tenth  day  of  June,  1847,  in  the  third  story  of  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Lake 
and  La  Salle  sts.  One  room  was  sufficient  for  its  humble  beginnings.  Its 
founders  were  James  Kelly,  John  E.  Wheeler,  Joseph  K.  C.  Forrest  and 
Thomas  A.  Stewart.  The  history  of  the  paper  from  that  time  until  1854  is  one 
of  trials.  The  town  of  Chicago  was  in  its  swaddling  clothes;  people  were 
poor;  facilities  for  gathering  news  were  few  and  oftentimes  there  were  none 
at  all.  In  1854,  two  important  events  in  the  history  of  the  Tribvne  had 
occurred.  One  was  the  issuing  of  a  fri-weeklv,  the  other  the  publication  of 
Associated  Press  dispatches,  which  association  the  Tribune  assisted  in  organ- 
izing, and  of  which  it  remains  a  member. 

Up  to  this  time,  several  changes  had  taken  place  in  the  proprietary  interests 
and  management  of  the  Tribune.  It  was  about  this  time  that  Mr.  Joseph 
Medill,  now  editor-in-chief  and  principal  owner,  came  to  Chicago  from  Cleve- 
land, O.,  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Tribune.  In  1855  he  became  manag- 
ing editor  and  business  manager  and  organized  a  staff.  It  was  at  this  time  that 
the  Chicago  Tribune  commenced  to  assume  the  features  of  a  metropolitan 
daily  newspaper.  The  old  press,  previously  operated  by  hand,  was  removed 
to  make  room  for  a  steam-power  press.  From  that  day  until  the  present,  the 
standing  question  in  the  Tribune  office  has  been,  "How  can  we  get  more 
presses  and  faster  to  reach  the  daily  increasing  circulation?"  In  1858  the 
Tribune  absorbed  the  Democratic  Prfss  of  this  city  and  for  a  while  the  paper 
was  issued  as  the  Press  and  Tribune. 

In  1860  the  name  of  the  paper  was  restored,  and  in  1861,  under  an  act  of 
the  legislature,  the  Tribune  Company  was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of 
$200,000,  the  principal  -stockholders  being  J.  L.  Scripps,  William  Bross, 
Charles  H.  Ray,  Joseph  Medill  and  Alfred  Cowles. 

Mr.  Medill  became  editor-in-chief  in  1874,  and  has  had  the  controlling 
interest  since.  It  is  under  his  administration  that  the  paper  has  reached  its 
present  extraordinary  success.  In  1871  occurred  the  fire  which  forms  one  of 
the  pages  of  the  world's  history.  On  the  night  of  the  8th  of  October  in  that 
year,  one-half  of  the  Tribune  had  been  printed.  [This  was  before  the  present 
system  of  printing  an  entire  paper  at  once  was  known.]  The  facts,  incidents 
and  other  data  of  the  fire  had  been  written  and  sent  to  the  composing  room. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  431 

But  before  the  hour  of  going  to  press  the  flames  had  reached  the  Tribune 
buildings  and  driven  out  every  occupant.  It  was  soon  in  ruins,  but  two  days 
later  the  Tribune  reappeared. 

The  greatness  of  the  Tribune  was  thus  shown  in  its  resources.  Its  home 
was  in  ashes  Monday  night.  On  the  following  Wednesday  it  had  reappeared. 
Mr.  Medill  procured  a  temporary  building  on  Canal  St.,  near  Randolph,  and 
the  paper  was  issued  from  there  Wednesday  morning,  with  a  very  full 
account  of  the  greatest  tire  in  the  history  of  conflagrations. 

In  exactly  one  year  from  that  date  the  Tribune  had  completed  its  present 
building  and  moved  into  it.  It  required  something  more  than  money  to 
accomplish  these  wonders.  This  something  the  Tribune  still  retains  and 
it  is  that  which  has  caused  the  daily  circulation  to  travel  upward  from  2,240 
in  1855,  to  more  than  90, 000  in  1891,  and  which  has  made  it  one  of  the  greatest 
advertising  mediums  in  the  whole  country. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  enlarge  upon  the  history  of  the  Tribune.  The 
project  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  was  in  part  one  of  the  sugges- 
tions of  its  editor  and  to  its  completeness  he  has  contributed  most  valuable 
service  and  counsel. 

NEWSPAPERS— WEEKLY  AND  OTHER  PUBLICATIONS. 

Among  the  weekly  publications  of  Chicago  there  are  many  which  rank 
with  the  best  in  the  country.  These,  together  with  other  publications  of  a 
general  character,  are  mentioned  below: 

Afloance. — Published  by  the  Advance  Publishing  Company,  15?  and 
155  La  Salle  street,  is  the  representative  of  the  Congregational  denomination 
for  the  Interior  aud  West.  Its  first  number  was  published  in  1867.  The 
Rev.  W.  W.  Patton,  D  D.,  afterward  president  of  Howard  University,  was 
its  first  editor,  and  the  material  interests  were  looked  after  by  a  syndicate 
composed  of  some  prominent  Congregational  laymen  of  Chicago.  This 
regime  was  succeeded  a  few  years  later  by  an  editorial  management  con- 
. ducted  by  General  Chas.  H.  Howard  and  Rev.  DeWitt  Talmage,  of  New 
York.  The  firm  of  C.  H.  Howard  &  Co.  were  the  publishers.  In  1882 
the  Advance  Publishing  Company  was  organized  and  Rev.  Robert  West  was 
elected  editor  and  business  manager,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death. 
Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  West,  the  management  was  assumed  by  the  present 
grovern>v.eut:  Mr.  II.  S.  Harrison,  editor  and  manager;  Rev.  Dr.  F.  A. 
Noble,  Rev.  Dr.  Simeon  Gilbert  and  Rev.  J.  A.  Adams,  editorial  staff.  Dr. 
Noble  has  since  been  succeeded  by  president  Chas.  F.  Thwing,  of  Western 
Reserve  University. 

Banner  of  Gold,  The. — Published  at  296  Dearborn  street.  A  weekly 
paper  of  16  pages,  illustrated  by  the  best  artists,  printed  upon  heavy  super- 
calendared  paper,  with  a  handsomely  ornamented  cover  in  old  gold.  It  is 
edited  by  Colonel  N.  A.  Reed,  Jr.,  aud  Charles  Eugene  Banks,  both  old  and 
well-known  newspaper  men.  Among  its  leading  contributors  are  Opie  Read, 
Stanley  Waterloo,  John  J.  Flinn,  Dr.  Leslie  E.  Keeley,  Martha  Howe  David- 
son, LeRoy  Armstrong,  John  McGovern  and  other  popular  writers.  While 
the  Banner  of  Gold  is  the  organ  of  the  bi-chloride  of  gold  clubs,  and  gives 


432  UIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

ranch  space  to  their  interests,  it  occupies  a  wide  literary  and  artistic  field.  It 
takes  a  high  moral  stand  upon  all  questions  of  public  interest.  It  advocates 
all  measures  for  uplifting  humanity,  and  in  every  respect  is  a  family  news- 
paper of  superior  excellence.  The  subscription  price  is  $2.00  per  annum,  in 
advance. 

Brainard's  Musical  World.— Location  of  publication  office,  145-147  Wab- 
&sh  ave.  The  S.  Brainard's  Sous  Company  publishers.  A  valuable  magazine 
for  people  of  musical  taste  and  culture  and  for  professionals.  Numbers 
among  its  contributors  some  of  the  best  writers  on  musical  subjects  in  the 
country.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  annum. 

Chicago  Dramatic  Journal. — The  Chicago  Dramatic  Journal  is  the  suc- 
cessor of  tiie  Chicago  Theatrical  &  Sporting  Jourual,  which  was  established 
by  A.dams  &  Corbitt  in  June,  1882.  The  paper  as  originally  printed  was 
in  newspaper  form  of  six  columns  to  the  page,  eight  pages,  and  for  five  years 
had  an  average  circulation  of  ten  thousand  copies  per  week.  At  this  time 
the  paper  was  incorporated  under  the  tille  of  the  F.  B.  Adams  Publishing 
Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $10,000,  the  form  and  title  of  the  pub- 
lication changed  to  that  of  The  Sporting  Journal,  and  in  form  made  a  quarto 
sheet  of  twelve  pages,  four  columns  to  the  page,  printed  on  fine  paper  and 
richly  embellished  with  engravings  of  prominent  professional  people.  In 
this  manner  the  paper  was  continued  until  February  2,  1891,  when  the  pub- 
1  cation  and  its  good  will  was  purchased  by  Hunt  &  Jenney,  the  paper 
increased  in  size  to  sixteen  pages,  and  the  name  changed  to  that  of  the 
Chicago  Dramatic  &  Sporting  Journal.  Hunt  &  Jenuey  continued  together 
in  its  publication  for  seven  months,  when  Eugene  Hunt  purchased  the 
interest  of  Mr.  Jenney,  becoming  sole  proprietor  of  the  paper,  and  in  his 
hands  the  word  "Sporting"  was  eliminated  from  the  title  as  well  as  from  the 
matter  and  make-up.  The  work  of  reconstruction  was  thorough  in  every 
department,  the  desire  being  to  make  The  Journal  a  representative,  high- 
class  dramatic  publication.  This  has  steadily  increased  in  influence  and 
circulation,  and  to  day  stands  prominent  among  the  publications  of  its  class 
in  America.  It  is  handsomely  printed,  and  is  in  every  respect  a  model 
Dramatic  sheet.  It  is  centrally  located  and  has  pleasant,  ccsy  offices  in  the 
Chicago  Opera  House  Block. 

Ghicayo  Eagle,  The. — Established  in  1889  as  an  independent  political  news- 
paper. It  is  devoted  exclusively  to  politics,  and  is  extensively  read,  not  only 
in  Chicago,  but  throughout  Illinois  and  the  Northwest.  It  has  a  regular 
weekly  circulation  of  over  23,000,  and  has  been  a  financial  success  from  the 
start.  Henry  F.  Donovan  is  the  proprietor  and  editor.  The  Eagle  enjoys  an 
advertising  patronage  second  to  no  weekly  in  Chicago.  It  is  very  popular 
with  all  people  taking  an  interest  in  politics.  Price  (subscription),  $2  per 
year. 

Citizen,  The— A.  weekly  newspaper  devoted  to  American  and  Irish  inter- 
ests, was  established  by  Hon.  John  F.  Finerty  on  Saturday,  Jan.  14,  1882, 
an  1  has  consequently  entered  on  its  eleventh  year.  In  politics  it  is  indepen- 
dent, and,  although  friendly  to  the  Catholic  idea,  it  is  entirely  a  secular  paper. 
It  believes  in  the  union  of  all  races  and  creeds  for  the  common  good  ;  believes 
als  >  in  a  stalwart  foreign  policy  for  America  :  is  a  protectionist  in  principle, 
and  an  unswerving  advocate  of  the  independence  of  Ireland.  It  has  a  largo 
constituency  throughout  the  Union  and  Canada,  but  particularly  in  the  North- 
western States. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

DEARBORN  ST.— THE  "JOURNAL"  AND  STOCK  EXCHANGE  BUILDINGS 
[See  "  Newspapers"  and  "Exchanges."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  433 

Credit  Company,  The. — Officers  in  the  Ponliac  Building.  This  company 
has  achieved  such  marked  aud  deserved  recognition  throughout  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  by  reason  of  the  efficient  character  of  its  publications, 
as  to  become  of  special  interest  to  bankers,  commercial  houses,  attorneys,  or 
any  one  doing  business  through  cocrespondents.  Its  annual  bank  directory, 
'•  The  Bankers  and  Attorney's  Register,"  is  generally  recognized  as  a  model  of 
arrangement,  compilation  anel  authenticity,  not  only  bearing  the  indorsement 
of  the  United  States  treasury  department,  but  also  the  stamp  of  patronage 
from  every  city,  north,  south,  east  and  •west.  In  addition  to  its  adoption  as 
a  bank  directory  of  the  most  recent  and  authentic  compilations,  it  also  lies 
upon  the  counters  of  business  houses  for  ready  reference  in  the  issuance  of 
drafts  or  other  correspondence  with  banks,  or  for  tbe  purpose  of  claims,  giv- 
ing a  system  of  guaranteed  collections,  embracing  carelully  selected  attorneys 
in  every  cityand  town.  The  Banker'sand  Attorney's  Register  is  supplemented 
by  the  Credit  Review,  a  monthly  review  of  the  financial  and  business  world, 
an  epitome  of  the  experience  and  opinions  of  leaders  in  finance,  commerce, 
and  trade  generally.  The  circulation  of  there  publications  is  not  confined  to 
any  one  section,  but  is  as  general  as  is  the  distribution  of  trade  and  commerce 
throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

When  one  considers  the  ever-changing  condition  of  banks,  their  officers, 
capitalization  and  profits,  their  organization  in  both  new  and  old  territory, 
some  approximate  idea  may  be  had  of  the  enormous  mails,  correspondence 
and  reports  necessary  for  the  successful  and  accurate  compilation  of  these 
works,  to  date  of  each  issue.  Not  to  speak  of  the  machinery  of  publication, 
aud  afterward  of  the  selection  and  equipment  of  reliable  agents  wLo  shall 
distribute,  renewing  with  regular  patronage,  and  introducing  with  new 
throughout  the  land. 

Economist  The. —  Location  of  publication  office,  59  Dearborn  street. 
Clinton  B.  Evans,  editor.  A  weekly  financial,  commercial  and  real  estate 
newspaper,  with  intermediate  issues  whenever  any  great  event  in  its  field 
demands.  It  is  the  only  newspaper  in  Chicago  making  a  specialty  of  the 
money  aud  security  markets,  grain  and  provisions  and  real  estate,  and  has 
had  an  exceptionally  successful  career.  It  is  the  authority  on  the  subjects  of 
which  it  treats,  and  has  a  large  circulation  in  Chicago  and  elsewhere.  The 
bankers,  brokers,  capitalists,  real  estate  owners  and  dealers,  intelligent  mer- 
chants and  students  of  finance  in  Chicago  are,  almost  without  exception, 
among  its  readers,  and  it  has  a  good  and  rapidly  growing  circulation  at  other 
points  in  this  country,  as  well  as  in  London,  England,  whose  financiers  look 
to  it  for  a  considerable  part  of  their  information  on  such  American  business 
affairs  as  they  are  interested  in.  The  Economist,  employing  recognized 
experts  for  its  various  classes  of  work,  and  spending  money  freely,  is  pretty 
sure  to  get  the  best  there  is  in  the  line  of  news  and  comment.  The  financial 
and  commercial  interests  of  Chicago  are  growing  so  rapidly  that  an  abundance 
of  capital  and  enterprise  are  required  to  keep  a  newspaper  abreast  of  the  times. 
The  Economist  Publishing  Company,  which  owns  the  Economist,  seems  to 
possess  both  of  these  requisites  ip  abundance. 

The  Economist  publishes  weekly  a  leading  article  entitled  "  The  Business 
Situation,"  which  sets  forth  the  condition  of  business  affairs  the  world  over; 
a  full  descriptive  and  statistical  department  under  the  head  of  "  Grain  and 
Provisions;"  an  instructive  page  or  more  on  "  Money  and  Securities  in  Chi- 
cago;" a  review  of  the  New  York  stock  market;  and  an  elaborate  presentation  of 


434  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

the  real  estate  news  of  Chicago  and  vicinity,  often  taking  up  ten  pages  or 
more.  A  Life  Insurance  department  is  one  of  the  more  recent  features.  It  is 
under  th&  supervision  of  one  of  the  ablest  writers  on  that  subject  in  the 
United  States.  In  addition,  there  are  articles  each  week  on  important  eco- 
nomic subjects  written  by  the  most  capable  experts. 

The  Economist,  although  started  as  recently, as  October,  1888,  has  reached 
a  very  high  position  among  American  publications. 

Farmers  Review,  The. — Publication .  office,  suite  1102  and  1103  Owings 
building;  Messrs.  Haunibal  H.  Chandlar  &  Co.,  propiielors,  established  in 
1878.  It  is  published  every  Wednesday,  and  presents  to  its  readers  a  large 
amount  of  practical  information  in  the  smallest  possible  space.  Its  market 
reports  are  full;  its  departments  of  agriculture,  horticulture,  stock,  dairy, 
poultry  and  apiary,  contain  articles  of  a  practieal  nature  from  the  best 
writers,  while  the  household  department  will  be  found  full  of  original  and 
selected  matter,  interesting  to  adults  and  instructive  to  the  young.  It  has  full 
reports  of  all  fairs,  stock  shows,  conventions,  etc.,  and  has  a  regular  organ- 
ized corps  of  crop  correspondents.  The  editorial  department  is  under  the 
charge  of  Mr.  A.  S.  Alexander,  a  gentleman  of  long  practical  acquaintance 
with  the  needs  and  requirements  of  farmers,  and  a  clever  and  forcible  writer. 

Figaro. — Publication  office,  Pontiac  building,  358  Dearborn  street;  a 
society  and  literary  paper,  which  has  attained  great  popularity,  aiid  a  large 
circulation  among  the  elite  of  the  city.  Mr.  Harold  Wynne,  a  young 
writer  of  considerable  distinction  in  his  profession,  is  the  editor.  W.  G.  F. 
Dailey  is  the  proprietor. 

Exposition  Graphic,  The. — A  quarterly  edition  of  the  weekly  Graphic 
devoted  to  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  Fifty-six  pages.  Printed  in 
Luglish,  German,  French  and  Spanish.  The  Exposition  Graphic  is  conducted 
upon  a  broad  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  benefits  and  material 
advantages  to  accrue  to  the  United  States  and  to  the  nations  of  the  world 
from  the  great  international  peace  congress;  and  its  efforts  in  exploiting  the 
magnificence  of  the  enterprise  abroad  and  at  home  is  doing  much  to  increase 
the  interest  in  the  great  undertaking.  Thenumbersof  the  Exposition  Graphic 
will  undoubtedly  form  the  most  complete  and  admirable  history  of  the  incep- 
tion, progress  and  unparalleled  success  of  the  Columbian  Exposition  that 
will  be  printed,  its  artistic  excellence  surpassing  anything  before  seen  in 
America.  The  Graphic  Company,  publishers.  Offices  Dearborn  and  Harri- 
son streets,  Chicago. 

Furniture. — Among  the  many  trade  journals  that  have  done  so  much 
towards  making  Chicago  world  famous  as  a  city  of  manufactures  and  trade, 
few,  if  any,  have  risen  more  rapidly  than  Furniture,  published  by  Furni- 
ture Company,  C.  M.  White  and  G.  W.  Harvey,  publishers  and  proprietors. 
The  publication  offices  are  at  rooms  1010  and  1011  Pontiac  building.  Sub- 
scription price  $2  a  37ear.  This  journal  was  started  in  a  small  job  office  on 
the  West  Side,  in  March,  1889.  The  publishers  had  little  capital,  but  being 
practical  printers  and  journalists  of  several  years'  experience,  they  had 
unbounded  faith  in  Chicago,  present  nnd  future,  and  their  labors  were 
rewarded  with  success  from  the  start.  Furniture  is  read  in  every  Stnte  in 
the  Union;  is  bright,  clean,  handsomely  illustrated,  and  contains  an  average 
of  about  sixty-eight  pages  of  advertisements,  illustrations  and  reading  mat- 
ter. C.  M-  White,  editor;  Geo.  W.  Harvey,  business  manager. 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  435 

German  American  Miller,  The. — This  is  the  only  German-American  repre- 
sentative of  the  trade  named  published  in  this  country.  It  was  founded  in 
1877,  and  for  ten  years  thereafter  was  printed  entirely  in  the  German  language. 
The  paper  presents  the  milling  news  from  both  Germany  and  America,  and 
reaches  the  German  milling  trade  in  all  parts  of  Europe  and  North  and  South 
America.  At  present  it  appears  with  parallel  columns,  German  and  English, 
which  latter  feature  has  proven  very  successful.  Eugene  A.  Sitlig  &  Son, 
proprietors;  publication  office,  Lake  and  Clark  sts. 

Graphic,  Ilie. — An  illustrated  weekly  newspaper.  Twenty-four  pages. 
The  only  illustrated  weekly  in  the  West  maintaining  the  highest  standard  of 
literary  aud  artistic  excellence,  and  the  only  one  in  Chicago  having  a  national 
circulation  and  influence.  The  Graphic,  was  the  first  illustrated  weekly  news- 
paper to  receive  cordial  support  from  the  citizens  of  Chicago  aud  to  be 
recognized  throughout  the  West  as  an  exponent  of  illustrated  journalism 
second  to  no  other  publication  of  its  class  in  the  country.  Chicago  is  realiz- 
ing its  destiny  of  becoming  the  art  and  literary  center  of  America,  and  the 
Graphic  is  an  admirable  indication  of  the  remarkable  progress  being  made  in 
this  direction.  The  growth  of  this  enterprising  journal,  in  circulation,  has 
been  of  the  most  gratifying  nature,  and  though  the  youngest  of  the  great 
illustrated  weeklies  it  must  at  an  early  day  receive  universal  recognition  as 
the  foremost  periodical  of  the  country.  The  ablest  writers  and  most  skillful 
artists  contribute  to  its  pages.  G.  P.  Engelhard,  editor  and  general  manager. 
The  Graphic  Company  publishers.  Issued  every  Saturday.  Offices,  Dear- 
born and  Harrison  streets,  Chicago. 

Inland  Architect  and  News  Record,  now  in  its  tenth  year  of  continuous  pub- 
lication, has  acquired  a  national  reputation  forks  illustrations  aud  technical 
articles.  In  addition,  its  pages  are  a  complete  record  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  numerous  architectural  organizations  of  the  country.  It  easily  ranks 
among  the  handsomest  technical  publications  of  America,  and  has  a  national 
circulation.  The  Inland  Architect  is  a  beautiful  publication,  and  contains 
matter  and  engravings  which  most  interest  laymen  as  well  as  architects  and 
builders.  Publication  office,  Tribune  Building. 

Inland  Printer,  The. — The  leading  trade  journal  of  the  world  in  the  print- 
ing art,  now  located  in  its  new  home  at  212  aud  214  Monroe  street,  is  the  recog- 
nized standard  authority  on  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  graphic  arts.  Niue 
years  ago  it  began  as  a  twenty-four  page  paper,  and  year  by  year  it  has  steadily 
increased  in  size,  beauty  and  interest  until  at  present  it  appears  each  month 
with  from  100  to  124  pages — an  art  magazine  of  wide  circulation  and  influence. 
Under  the  management  of  its  founder,  Mr.  Henry  O.  Shepard.'progression 
has  to  a  marked  degree  been  exemplified  in  the  conduct  of  this  journal. 
Twice  the  office  of  publication  has  been  moved,  and  on  January  1,  1892,  a 
third  change  was  made  to  its  present  fine  offices  at  212-214  Monroe  street. 
Nothing  is  spared  to  make  ihe  Inland  Printer  a  model  of  its  class,  and  the 
effort  is  admirably  successful. 

Interior,  The. — One  of  the  oldest  of  the  religious  weeklies  of  Chicago,  and 
one  of  the  best.  Founded  in  1868.  If  it  has  any  unique  position  in  Western 
journalism  it  may  be  denominated  as  that  of  the  leading  religious  weekly  of 
Chicago  and  the  West.  It  certainly  is  that  from  the  standpoint  of  circula- 
tion and  influence.  Its  proprietors  are  the  estate  of  the  late  Cyrus  Hall 
McCormick  and  W.  C.  Gray,  Ph.  D.,  the  latter  being  senior  editor.  Publica- 
tion office  69  Dearborn  street. 


436  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Iron  Age,  The.— Published  weekly  in  New  York,  maintain  an  important 
branch  office  at  59  Dearborn  street,  Chicago.  Business  manager  J  K 
Hanes.  Western  associate  editor,  Geo.  W.  Cope.  The  Metal  Worker  is  issued 
under  the  same  management. 

Legal  Adviser,  The.— Founded  A.  D.  1861,  by  the  late  Hon.  E.  M.  Haines. 
In  1867,  it  was  chartered  as  a  corporation,  by  special  act,  approved  March  1 
of  that  year,  the  charter  declaring  this  weekly  paper  "  the  proper  medium 
for  the  publication  of  all  legal  notices  required  to  be  published  in  the  County 
of  Cook.  The  paper  was  under  the  editorial  direction  of  Mr.  Haines  until  his 
death  in  April,  1889,  when  it  passed  under  the  control  of  F.  C.  Haines  who  is 
now  president  of  the  company.  The  Legal  Adviser  is  the  oldest  law  periodical 
m  the  republic,  excepting  one  (The  Legal  Intelligencer  of  Philadelphia)  The 
monthly  edition  is  especially  devoted  to  information  on  affairs  of  local  self- 
government,  and  has  a  very  wide  circulation  throughout  Illinois,  Iowa  Wis- 
consin, Michigan,  and  generally  where  township  organization  prevails.  Andre 
Matteaon  editon 

Lumber  Jrade  Journal.— Established  as  a  16-page  quarto  In  1881  by  8  D 
Morgan,  then  secretary  of  the  Retail  Lumber  Dealers'  Association  of  Illinois' 
as  the  organ  of  that  association;  was  purchased  in  1887  by  an  incorporated 
company  with  a  capital  of  $12,000,  of  which  George  W.  Hotchkiss,  for  many 
years  secretary  of  the  Lumberman's  Exchange  of  Chicago,  a  veteran  lumber- 
man of  forty  years'  experience,  and  the  acknowledged  lumber  statistician  of 
the  Northwest  was  president  and  took  editorial  charge,  while  Walter  C. 
Wright,  who  had  several  years  previously  succeeded  Mr.  Morgan  as  secretary 
of  the  Retail  Dealers'  Association  assumed  the  business  management.  By 
the  untiring  efforts  of  these  gentlemen  the  Lumber  Trade  Journal  has  entered 
the  front  rank  of  class  journalism,  and  from  a  16-page  issue  has  increased  to 
66  pages,  with  a  circulation  of  5,000,  and  has  become  the  recognized  authority 
in  all  branches  of  the  lumber  traffic  of  the  nation. 

National  Builder,  The. — Now  in  its  fourteenth  volume  is  a  monthly  pub- 
lication, devoted  to  building  and  kindred  interests.  Edited  by  Geo.  O.  Gam- 
sey,  architect.  Each  issue  contains  one  or  more  complete  sets  of  plans  of 
dwellings,  business  or  public  buildings  with  color  plates  and  detail  drawings. 
An  excellent  advertising  medium  for  all  dealers  in  building  materials.  Sub- 
scription price  $8.00  per  year  prepaid. 

Nederlander,  De. — Founded  in  1882.  H.  A.  Masman,  publisher  and  edi- 
tor, office  493  Center  avenue.  Is  the  only  Holland  weekly  in  the  State  of 
Illinois.  Iris  published  every  Friday.  It  is  Republican  in  politics. 

Norden. — A  weekly  republican  newspaper  in  the  Norwegian  language,  was 
established  nineteen  years  ago  by  Mr.  I.T.  Relling.  During  the  first  ten  years 
Mr.  H.  Hande  was  managing  editor.  When  he  resigned  the  position,  the 
paper  had  a  circulation  of  10,000,  scattered  all  through  the  Northwest.  Mr. 
Hande  was  succeeded  as  editor  by  Prof.  Th.  Bothne,  who  had  charge  for  two 
years,  when  Mr.  Hande  resumed  the  editorship  and  continued  it  untilhis  death 
in  1887.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  present  editor,  Mr.  P.  O.  Stromme.  In  the 
summer  of  1888  Mr.  Stromme  changed  the  policy  of  the  paper.making  it  Dem- 
ocratic. As  a  consequence  many  of  the  old  subscribers  dropped  off,  but  they 
were  quickly  replaced  by  new  ones.  In  the  fall  of '89  a  daily  edition  was 
established  under  the  name  Dagbladct.  This  was  issued  every  afternoon  until 
in  July,  1891,  when  it  was  discontinued.  In  August,  1890,  Mr.  Relling  sold  Nor- 
den and  the  daily  edition  Dagbladet  to  Norden  Publishing  Co.,  Mr.  Relling 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  437 

ontinuing  as  manager  until  his  death  in  February,  1891.  Norden  is  now  pub- 
iehed  by  the  company,  whose  president  is  Mr.  Paul  O.  Stensland,  the  banker. 
Mr.  P.  O.  Stromme  is  still  managing  editor.  The  paper  is  eight  pages  of  &evcn 
columns,  is  Democratic  in  politics  and  has  a  wide  circulation,  especially  in 
Wisconsin  and  Minnesota.  It  also  circulates  in  all  the  other  states  in  which 
there  are  Norwegians,  and  in  Norway,  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  Iceland,  and 
a  few  copies  are  sent  to  South  Africa  and  Madagascar. 

Northwestern  Christian  Advocate. — Provision  was  made  for  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Northwestern  Christian  Advocate  in  Chicago,  by  the  General  Con- 
ference of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1852.  Issue  was  begun  with 
January,  1853.  Rev.  J.  V.  Watson  was  the  first  editor  and  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  Thomas  M.  Eddy  (1856-1868),  J.  M.  Reid  (1868-1872)  and  Rev.  Arthur 

Edwards  the  present  encumbent  (1872 ).     It  is  an  official  organ  of  the  M. 

E.  Church  and  has  for  its  immediate  patronizing  territory  Michigan,  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  the  Dakotas  and  part  of  Colorado,  Nebraska  and 
Indiana. 

Northwestern  Lumberman,  The: — Established  in  1873  by  W.  B.  Judson, 
its  present  proprietor.  It  was  first  issued  as  the  Michigan  Lumberman  at 
Muskegon,  Mich.,  but  removed  to  Chicago  and  the  first  number  of  the  Noilh- 
wettein  was  issued  here  in  February,  1874.  It  was  changed  to  a  weekly  in 
1876  and  is  now  the  largest  journal  of  its  class  in  the  country.  It  is  devoted 
entirely  to  the  lumber  trade  and  is  particularly  distinguished  as  a  trade  news 
paper.  It  contains  from  20  to  24  pages  of  reading  matter  weekly,  and  nearly 
every  issue  is  illustrated.  It  contains  market  reports  from  all  important 
markets  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  makes  a  feature  of  publishing 
annually  tabulated  statements  of  pine  lumberand  shingle  production  through- 
out the  northwestern  states.  Subscription  price  $4  a  year. 

Occident,  The. — Location  of  publication  office,  Lake  and  La  Salle  streets, 
(Marine  building.)  THE  OCCIDENT  was  called  into  life  by  Julius  Silver- 
smith and  M.  Hofmann  in  the  year  1874,  October  1st  of  that  3  ear.  It  is  now 
in  its  twentieth  volume  and  has  attained  a  wide  circulation  in  this  country 
and  abroad,  and  wherever  English  is  spoken.  It  is  an  eight-page  journal  in 
the  interest  of  the  Jews,  science,  art  and  general  news,  etc.,  forty-eight  col- 
umns, thirteens  ems  pica  wide  and  twenty  inches  in  length.  It  has  always 
espoused  republican  principles.  Its  annual  subscription  price  is  $3.  THE 
OCCIDENT  is  edited  by  some  of  the  most  eminent  authors,  and  is  the  advocate 
for  the  most  radical  reforms  in  all  religious  creeds.  It  is  published  by  the 
Occident  Publishing  Co.,  since  its  inception.  Mr.  Julius  Silversmith,  M.  A., 
ie  the  editor  in-chief  and  also  manager. 

Orange  Judd  Farmer. — Location  of  publication  office,  358  Dearborn 
street.  The  St.  Paul  Farmer  was  started  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  in  1886.  In  the 
summer  of  1888  it  was  purchased  and  moved  to  Chicago,  re-named  the 
Orange  Judd  Farmer,  and  has  since  been  published  here  under  that  title  by 
the  Orange  Judd  Farmer  Co.,  of  which  Orange  Judd  is  president  and  treas- 
urer; George  T.  Judd,  vioe-pns'dent,  and  James  S.  Judd,  secretary.  The 
pnper,  is  devoted  to  agriculture  and  the  home,  having  different  departments 
\viih  special  editors  for  all  the  different  phases  of  farm  and  home  life.  It  is 
it^rd  weekly,  16  pages,  size  11x16,  subscription  price  is  $1.00,  and  circula- 
tion 35,000  copies  weekly. 


438  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

x 

Prairie  Farmer,  The. — Established  at  Chicago  in  1841.  Circulation 
35,000.  A  journal  for  the  farm,  orchard  and  fireside.  Edited  by  Jonathan 
Pei'iam.  Issued  weekly  by  The  Prairie  Farmer  Publishing  Company  at  166- 
168  Adams  street,  Rand-McNally  Building. 

Presto,  The. — A  weekly  journal  devoted  to  the  interests  of  music  in  gen- 
eral, is  published  at  its  business  office  and  composing  rooms,  in  the  Como 
Block,  323-325  Dearborn  street.  The  chief  editor  and  manager  is  Mr  Frank 
Abbott,  who  is  eminently  fitted  to  successfully  manage  such  a  journal,  hav- 
ing had  an  extended  experience  as  a  musician,  dealer  and  writer.  The  Presto 
was  originally  started  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  in  1884,  but  removed  to  Chicago 
in  June,  1888,  when  it  was  a  monthly  paper;  shortly  after,  it  became  semi- 
monthly, and  in  the  spring  of  '91,  again  changed  to  a  weekly  paper.  Visitors 
are  always  cordially  welcomed  at  its  offices,  and  a  perusal  of  its  columns  will 
show  that  it  is  a  bright,  newsy  journal,  keeping  apace  with  the  times. 

Railway  Age,  j.  he. — The  Railway  Age  is  a  consolidation  of  the  Railway  Age 
and  Northwestern  Railroader.  The  Railway  Age  was  established  in  Chicairo  in 
1876,  by  Messrs.  E.  H.  Talbott  and  H.  R.  Hobart.  The  Northwestern  Rail- 
roader was  established  in  Minneapolis  in  1887  by  H.  P.  Robinson,  the  place  of 
its  publication  being  transferred  in  1888  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.  The  respective 
papers  remained  in  charge  of  the  gentlemen  named  unil  September,  1891,  at 
which  date  the  founder  of  the  Northwestern  Railroader  purchased  the  Railway 
Age  from  Messrs.  Talbott  &  Hobart  and  consolidated  the  two  papers  into  the 
present  publication,  which  is  published  at  the  Home  Insurance  building, 
No.  205  La  Salle  street,  Chicago.  The  editors  of  the  paper  now  are  H.  P. 
Robinson,  H.  R.  Hobart  and  W.  D.  Crosman.  The  officers  of  the  company 
are  H.  P.  Robinson,  president;  H.  R.  Hobarl,  vice-president;  H.  M.  Wilson, 
seo/etary  and  treasurer.  The  paper  is  published  weekly,  on  Fridays,  the  sub- 
scn^tion  price  being  $ 4  a  year. 

Sullivan's  Law  Directory. — William  B.  Sullivan's  Chicago  Law  Directory 
for  1891  contains  the  names  of  2,454  attorneys,  us  against  2,220  in  1890.  Dur- 
ing the  year  sixty-six  left  the  city,  thirteen  out  of  practice,  and  twenty- 
seven  died.  About  261  new  lawyers  were  admitted  to  the  bar,  making  the 
toial  now  in  practice  2,392. 

Universalist,  The. — Published  at  69  Dearborn  St.,  room  40  and  41,  by  the 
Western  branch  of  the  Universalist  Publishing  House,  Boston,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  religious  newspapers  in  the  city.  It  is  a  consolidation  of  the  Star  in 
the  West,  Cincinnati,  established  1827.  and  the  New  Covenant,  of  Chicago, 
established  in  1845  or  1846.  The  Universalist,  under  its  present  name,  is  in 
its  eighth  annual  volume.  It  is  the  organ  of  the  Church  which  it  represents, 
siguiried  in  its  name,  for  the  interior  and  Western  States.  It  is  a  large  eight- 
page  paper,  and  is  published  every  Saturday,  as  above,  at  $2.50  per  annum. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Cantwell,  DD.,  is  the  editor,  assisted  by  regular  contributors  in 
the  several  States- 

Union  Signal. — The  organ  of  the  World's  and  National  Woman's  Chris- 
tian TempciMice  Union  is  a  weekly  temperance  and  literary  journal.  The 
editorial  corps  consists  of  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard,  Lady  Henry  Somerset, 
Mary  Allen  West,  Margaret  A.  Sudduth  and  Mrs.  Harriet  M.  Kells.  Sorm>  of 
the  ablest  writers  of  the  dav  are  among  its  contributors.  It  is  published  by 
the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association,  161  La  Salle  street;  Mrs. 
F.  H,  Ras;all,  business  manager. 


fliE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  439 

Saturday  Evening  Herald.  —  'Ike  Saturday  Evening  Herald,  the  recog- 
nized organ  of  polite  society,  and  authority  upon  all  matters  of  a  social 
nature,  was  founded  in  1875  by  George  M.  McConnel,  Lyman  B.  Glover  and 
John  M.  Dandy.  In  18SO  Messrs.  Glover  and  Dandy  purchased  the  interest 
of  Major  McConnel,  and  the  firm  was  known  as  Glover  &  Dandy  until  1884, 
when  a  stock  company  was  formed,  Judge  E.  R.  Paige  becoming  a  stock- 
holder. In  1886  John  M.  Dandy  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr.  Glover,  assuming 
the  editorial  and  business  management  of  the  paper.  In  the  seventeen  years  of 
its  existence  the  Saturday  Evening  Herald  has  gained  a  wide  and  influential 
circulation  among  the  best  families  of  this  city  and  the  towns  tributary,  and 
is  to-day  probably  the  most  favorably  known  literary,  dramatic,  musical  and 
society  journal  in  the  West.  The  publishers  have  aimed  to  provide  for  their 
constituency  a  clean,  wholesome  and  readable  paper,  free  from  sensationalism 
and  the  offensive  features  peculiar  to  many  so-called  society  journals,  and  the 
high  esteem  in  which  the  Saturday  Evening  Herald  is  held  to-day  by  the  pub- 
lic and  the  press  is  the  most  conclusive  evidence  of  its  success  in  its  chosen 
field.  The  offices  of  the  Herald  are  located  in  the  Grand  Opera  House,  No. 
89  Clark  street.  . 

OUTLYING  CHICAGO. 

Both  for  the  sake  of  convenience  and  in  order  to  avoid  confusion  in  their 
arrangement,  the  outlying  communities  of  Chicago,  whether  they  might  be 
properly  classed  as  districts  of  the  city  proper,  as  environs,  suburbs,  villages 
or  independent  towns,  will  be  treated  under  this  heading.  It  would  be  . 
impossible  to  separate  or  to  classify  them  under  separate  headings  without 
trying  the  patience  of  the  reader,  who  above  everything  else  is  seeking  ready 
information  stripped  of  all  unnecessary  form.  There  must,  however,  be  a 
few  exceptions  to  this  rule.  Some  of  the  annexed  villages,  towns  and  cities 
have  been  so  closely  identified  with  the  city  itself  for  years  past,  that  it  would 
be  out  of  the  question  to  speak  of  them  as  distinctive  communities  now. 

CITY  AND  ENVIRONS. — For  the  benefit  of  the  visitor  it  may  be  as  well  to 
state  here  that  Chicago  like  London  is  in  part  "The  City"  and  in  part  the 
districts,  environs,  suburbs,  towns  and  cities  which  since  its  settlement  have 
grown  up  around  it,  and  which  from  time  to  time  have  become  annexed. 
Like  London,  the  parent  community  will  probably  always  in  the  future  be 
known  as  "The  City,  "while  the  annexed  districts  will  continue  to  bear  their 
distinctive  names,  as  do  Cheapside,  Piccadilly,  Whitechapel  and  other  well 
known  sections  of  the  British  Metropolis.  Hyde  Park  will  always  be  Hyde 
Park,  Bridgeport  will  always  be  Bridgeport,  Lake  View  will  always  be  Lake 
View,  and  so  on,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  as  distinctive  communities 
they  have  completely  lost  their  title  to  consideration.  Chicago  is  justly  ptoud 
of  her  beautiful  surroundings.  She  is  the  central  diamond  of  a  magnificent 
cluster.  Whathas  been  lacking  in  natural  scenery  in  the  country  about  has 
been  made  up  by  the  taste,  the  geniusand  the  industry  of  the  people  who  have 
dotted  the  prairies  with  villas  as  charming  as  any  that  ever  encircled  the  neck  of 
a  metropolis,  ancient  or  modern.  It  must  be  inconceivable  to  the  residents 
of  the  cities  of  Europe,  and  it  will  be  one  of  the  revelations  which  will  come 


440  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

upon  those  of  them  who  shall  visit  us '  during  the  next  two  years  that  the 
citizens  of  Chicago,  with  all  their  love  for  the  bustle  and  turmoil  of  metro- 
politan life,  with  their  almostinsane  predilection  for  clamor,  their  ill-concealed 
regard  for  smoke,  their  almost  mad  penchant  for  high  buildings  and  crowded 
thorohugfares,  should  be  at  the  same  time  subject  to  a  perfect  craving  for  the 
quiet  of  suburban  homes — away  from  all  the  noise,  smells  and  jostlings  which 
during  the  fleeting  hours  of  the  busy  work-day  they  love  so  well.  It  is  a  par- 
adox. The  beautiful  boulevards  and  residence  streets  of  the  city  afford  muny 
thousands  almost  the  repose  of  the.  country,  but  only  the  very  wealthy  in 
these  days  are  able  to  en  joy  the  luxury  of  mansions  and  grounds  within  walk- 
ing distance  of  the  business  center.  The  great  majority  of  the  business  and 
professional  people  of  the  city,  who  desire,  first  of  all,  homes  of  their  own, 
find  that  the  suburbs  offer  them  advantages  in  this  respect  which  could  not 
be  obtained  in  the  city.  It  is  a  constant  source  of  satisfaction  to  the  sub- 
urban resident  of  moderate  means  that  he  can  surround  himself  with  com- 
forts denied  the  city  resident  of  large  means.  With  rapid  and  comfortable 
transit;  with  recent  and  almost  marvelous  improvements  in  their  sewerage, 
water  and  illuminating  systems;  with  educational  facilities  equal  and  in 
many  respects  superior  to  those  which  may  be  had  in  the  city;  with  religious 
and  social  advantages  of  a  character  to  satisfy  the  most  exacting  demands  of 
a  moral  and  refined  people;  the  suburbs  have  grown  at  a  most  remarkable  rate, 
both  in  number  and  in  beauty.  The  stranger,  bent  upon  carrying  away  an 
intelligent  idea  of  Chicago  and  her  surroundings,  should  not  miss  the  oppor- 
tunity while  here  of  visiting  the  suburbs  and  charming  resorts  in  this  vicinity. 

RAILWAY  LINES  AND  DEPOTS. — The  facilities  for  transit  afforded  by  the 
various  railway  lines  centering  in  Chicago  are  complete  and  admirable.  The 
following  lines  care  for  the  suburban  traffic: 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take 
State  st.  cable  line  or  Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

BALTIMORE  &  OHIO. — Central  depot,  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  Only 
a  short  walk  from  the  business  center. 

CHICAGO  &  ERIE.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take  State  st.  cable  or 
Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

CHICAGO  &  ALTON.— Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  sts..  West  Side.  Take  cars 
going  west  on  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  sts.  Only  a  short  walk  from  business 
center. 

CHICAGO  &  EASTERN  ILLINOIS.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take 
State  st.  cable  or  Dearborn  Bt.  horse  car  line. 

CHICAGO  &  GRAND  TRUNK.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take  State  st. 
cable  or  Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTHERN  PACIFIC.— Central  depot  Fifth  ave.  and  Harrison  st.  Take 
Van  Buren  st.  cars  going  west  from  State  or  south  from  Madison  sts.,  or  Harrison  st. 
line. 

f  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN.— Central  depot  Wells  and  Kinzie  streets.  North 
Side.  Take  Dearborn,  State  or  Wells  street  car  going  north.  Only  a  short  walk  from 
business  center. 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUFNCY.— Central  depot  Canal  and  Adam  streets,  West 
Side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  street  car  going  west.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL.— Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  streets. 
West  Side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  street  car  going  west.  Only  a  short 
walk  from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC.— Central  depot  Van  Buren  and  Sherman 
streets.  Take  cars  on  Clark  street  or  Fifth  avenue  going  south.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 


a    » 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  441 

CHICAGO,  ST.  Louis  &  PITTSBCRG.— Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  streets,  West 
Side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  street  car  going  west.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  ST.  PAUL  &  KANSAS  CITY.— Central  depot  Harrison  street  and  Fifth 
avenue.  Take  Van  Buren  street  cars  going  west  from  State  or  south  from  Madison 
street,  or  Harrison  street  line. 

CLEVELAND,  CINCINNATI,  CHICAGO  &  ST.  Louis  ("  The  Big  4").— Central  depot 
foot  of  Lake  street  Only  a  short  walk  from  business  center. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL.— Central  depot  foot  of  Lake  street.  Only  a  short  walk  from 
business  center. 

LAKE  SHORE  &  MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN. -Central  depot  Van  Buren  and  Sherman 
streets.  Take  cars  on  Clark  street  or  Fifth  avenue  going  south.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 

LOUISVILLE,  NEW  ALBANY  &  CHICAGO  ("Monon  Route").— Central  depot  Polk 
street  and  Third  avenue.  Take  State  street  cable  or  Dearborn  street  car  line. 

MICHIGAN  CENTRAL.— Central  depot  foot  of  Lake  street.  Only  a  short  walk  from 
business  center. 

PITTSBURG,  FORT  WAYNE  &  CHICAGO.— Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  streets. 
West  Side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  street  car  going  west.  Only  a  short 
walk  from  business  center. 

WA BASH.— Central  depot  Polk  street  and  Third  avenue.  Take  State  street 
cable  or  Dearborn  street  horse  car  line. 

A  large  number  of  new  and  very  popular  suburbs  have  been  laid  out  and 
partially  built  up  within  the  past  year,  the  names  of  which  do  not  as  yet 
appear  in  the  railroad  time  tables.  These,  together  with  all  others,  will  be 
referred  to  in  their  alphabetical  order  in  the  following  pages. 

NORTH  AND  SOUTH  SHORES  OP  LAKE  MICHIGAN. — Locally,  the  country 
skirting  Lake  Michigan  north  of  the  city  of  Chicago  is  known  as  the  "  North 
Shore,"  and  south  of  the  city  as  the  "South  Shore."  Thus,  the  term 
"  North  "  or  "  South  "  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  is  used  in  this  guide  with  ref- 
erence to  the  location  of  suburbs,  etc.,  in  either  direction,  without  reference 
to  the  geographical  boundaries  of  that  body  of  water  in  a  larger  sense. 

Alpine.— Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railroad,  26  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Altenheim. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  10^£ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Here  is  located  the  German  Old  Peoples'  Home. 
[See  German  Old  Peoples'  Home.] 

Antioch. — Located  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  54  miles 
from  City  Hall. 

Argyle  Park. — Situated  on  the  Evanstpn  division  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  R.  R.,  five  and  a  half  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  his- 
tory of  Argyle  Park  dates  back  but  a  few  years.  W.  C.  Goudy  owned  the 
land  upon  which  it  stands,  and  to  develop  it  he  procured  the  construction  of  the 
railroad.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  road  he  conceived  the  idea  of  building 
an  ideal  suburban  town.  With  this  end  in  view  he  laid  out  the  streets 
and  avenues  of  generous  proportions,  platted  the  ground  into  lots  50x150 
feet,  built  a  depot,  macadamized  the  streets,  put  in  stone  curbings  and  laid 
concrete  sidewalks.  To  provide  a  water  supply  he  had  the  town  connected 
with  the  Lake  View  water  system.  For  lighting  purposes  the  town  was  con- 
nected with  the  gas  works.  The  sanitary  conditions  of  the  town  are  perfect, 
there  being  a  double  system  of  sewerage,  one  to  the  north  and  one  to  the 
south.  Building  restrictions  and  all  the  little  details  that  go  to  make  the 
whole  perfect  have  been  attended  to.  A  regular  force  of  men  is  employed  to 


442  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

keep  the  streets  in  repair,  to  remove  the  garbage  and  to  clean  the  snow  from 
the  "sidewalks  in  winter.  The  Sheridan  drive  has  done  wonders  forthe  town 
as  well  as  for  all  the  North  Shore.  Many  of  the  residents  of  Argyle  Park 
never  use  the  steam  cars  as  a  means  of  transportation.  A  much  more  charm- 
ing mode  of  getting  to  and  from  their  places  of  business  is  a  drive  of  thirty 
minutes  along  the  incomparable  Sheridan  road  and  through  matchless  Lincoln 
Park. 

Arlington  Heights. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railway,  twenty-two  and  a  half  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Auburn  Park. — Located  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad, 
nine  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  and  accessible  by  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illi- 
nois railroad.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  southern  suburbs  of  Chicago. 
This  charming  place  is  bvit  a  few  years  old,  and  has  already  a  population  of 
nearly  4,000,  composed  almost  wholly  of  the  best  class  of  business  and  pro- 
fessional people.  The  land  it  covers  was  formerly  the  property  of  Messrs. 
Geo.  M.  Pullman,  Esq  ,  and  C.  M.  Henderson,  Esq..  who  purchased  it  for 
the  purpose  of  building  a  perfect  suburban  town.  Messrs.  Eggleston,  Mall- 
ette  &  Brownell,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  responsible  real  estate  firms  in 
Chicago,  secured  the  contract  for  putting  in  the  improvements.  No  sooner 
had  they  begun  work  than  they  at  once  recognized  the  fact  that  the  natural 
advantages  of  the  location  were  bound  to  do  wonders  in  establishing  a  town. 
They  made  overtures  for  the  purchase  of  the  land,  and  finally  succeeded  in 
obtaining  possession  of  it.  As  soon  as  they  obtained  possession  of  the  prop- 
erty they  began  improvements  on  a  magnificent  scale.  Over  half  a  million 
dollars  were  spent  in  this  way  before  the  property  was  offered  for  sale.  The 
streets  were  all  macadamized,  stone  sidewalks  built  throughout,  and  a  double 
system  of  sewerage  put  in.  Pipes  were  laid  eight  and  ten  feet  below  the 
ground  and  connected  with  the  city  system.  Other  pipes  were  laid  for  sur- 
face drainage.  They  were  so  constructed  as  to  be  automatically  flushed, 
thus  absolutely  preventing  an  accumulation  of  sewer  gas. 

Aurora. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad  (three 
divisions),  Chicago  &  Iowa,  Chicago  &  North- Western,  and  Elgin,  Joliet  & 
Eastern  railroads,  39  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  beautiful  and  pros- 
perous town  is  located  on  the  Fox  river.  Here  are  to  be  found  the  extensive 
shops  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  and  many  other  import- 
ant industries.  The  town  is  laid  out  handsomely;  it  has  numerous  fine 
buildings,  stores,  hotels,  railroad  depots,  opera  house,  public  halls,  churches, 
etc.,  and  is,  from  a  business  and  a  social  point  of  view,  one  of  the  most 
Inviting  of  Illinois  towns.  From  a  population  of  11,873  in  1880,  it  grew  to 
19,634  in  1890.  Although  so  far  removed  from  the  city,  many  Chicago 
people  reside  in  Aurora. 

Austin. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railroad,  6%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Austin  is  one  of  the  nearest  of 
Chicago's  suburbs,  and  one  of  the  most  delightful.  It  has  grown  from  a 
little  hamlet  of  900  people  to  a  town  of  4,200  within  a  few  years,  and  gives 
promise  of  becoming  a  most  important  point  in  the  near  future.  The  topog- 
raphy of  the  surrounding  country  is  in  nowise  different  from  the  other 
towns  on  the  North-Western  road.  It  lies  on  the  first  ridge  west  of  the  city, 
and  is  from  ten  to  twelve  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake.  On  either  side  of 
the  town  the  country  is  low,  rolling  prairie  land,  making  it  easy  to  drain. 


Tttti   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  443 

It  was  not  until  after  the  big  fire  that  Austin  began  to  give  promise  of  future 
prosperity.  The  suburban  fever  reached  to  the  town,  and  it  grew  rapidly. 
There  are  many  things  that  go  to  make  it  an  attractive  place  and  a  desirable 
one  for  a  quiet  suburban  home.  The  early  settlers  set  out  an  abundance  of 
trees  of  all  kinds,  and  to-day  the  town  gives  the  appearance  of  a  natural  for- 
est. Its  modern  growth  has  given  rise  to  a  series  of  buildings  whose  archi- 
tecture is  diversified  and  pleasing.  The  sanitary  conditions  are  perfect.  The 
drainage  is  to  the  south,  into  Mud  lake,  with  a  fall  of  thirty  feet.  The  water 
supply  comes  from  Oak  Park,  the  pumping  works  of  that  place  supplying 
Austin  among  other  towns.  An  electric  street  railroad  runs  through  the 
town,  giving  the  people  cheap  fare. 

Avondale. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  five  and  a  half  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Barrington. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  31^£  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  prosperous  country  town. 

Batavia.— Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railway,  36  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Bayer. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad,  near 
Greenwood. 

Bensonmlle. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  16 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Benton. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  40  miles  from  the  City  Hall 

Berwyn. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  nine 
and  a  half  miles  from  the  City  hall.  The  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  railroad,  and  the  proposed  line  of  the  Ogden  avenue  elevated  road 
also  run  by  the  property.  The  site  was  partially  subdivided  about  twenty 
years  ago,  streets  graded  and  trees  planted,  when  the  panic  of  '73  stopped  all 
further  improvements.  Not  a  house  nor  even  a  depot  had  been  erected. 
The  property  then  lay  idle  until  the  summer  of  1890,  when  Wilber  J. 
Andrews  and  Charles  E.  Piper  purchased  106  acres,  laid  out  a  town  site, 
built  a  $5,000  depot  and  christened  the|  place  "  Berwyn."  Since  then, 
brick  store  buildings,  a  stone  church  and  about  one  hundred  residences  (cost- 
ing from  $2,500  to  $10,000  each)  have  been  erected,  and  over  seven  miles  of 
streets  macadamized.  A  postoffice  and  express  office  have  also  been  estab- 
lished. Messrs.  Andrews  &  Piper  have  recently  bought  105  acres  adjoining 
their  original  purchase  and  built  another  depot  at  Riverside  avenue.  They 
now  control  about  ten  miles  of  street  frontage.  No  building  costing  less 
than  $1,500  is  permitted  in  Berwyn.  Saloons  are  prohibited  and  a  uniform 
building  line  established  for  the  entire  suburb.  These  restrictions  are 
attracting  to  it  a  very  desirable  class  of  residents.  A  complete  system  of 
•ewage  is  now  in  process  of  construction.  The  "Berwyn  Water,  Fuel  & 
Light  Co."  has  recently  been  incorporated  and  will  at  once  erect  water  works 
and  lay  pipes  throughout  the  subdivision.  Gas  and  electricity  will  soon  be 
added.  Bcrwyn's  beautiful  trees  and  the  uniformly  excellent  character  of  its 
residences  are  the  points  which  first  impress  a  visitor. 

Bloom. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  27%  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Blue  Island. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway,  16 
miles  irom  the  City  Hall.  A  large  suburb  and  one  of  the  oldest. 


444  GtflDE  TO   CHICfAGO. 

Brainard. — Practically  a  part  of  South  Englewood.  The  town  wad 
started  but  recently,  and  gives  promise  of  rapid  growth  in  popularity  as  well 
as  in  population. 

Bremen. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway,  23% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Brighton  Park. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  and 
Chicago  &  Alton  railroads,  7%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  very  pleasant 
little  suburb  within  the  limits. 

Brisbane. — Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railroad,  35 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Baena  Park. — Situated  on  the  Evanston  Division  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  railway,  within  the  city  limits.  [See  Graceland  Ceme- 
tery.] 

Burlington. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  72% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Burlington  Heights. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
railroad,  20%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Calvary. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  ten  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  station  of  the  village  of 
South  Evanston.  [See  Calvary  Cemetery.]  The  trains  of  the  Evanston  divi- 
sion of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad  also  stop  here. 

Camp  McDonald. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
25%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Camp  Lake. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  sixty 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  summer  resort. 

Canfteld. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railroad,  11%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Gary. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railroad,  thirty-four  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Cheltenham  Beach. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad  and  the 
South  Shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  twelve  miles  fronKhe  City  Hall.  This  place 
has  been  christened  "The  Coney  Island  of  the  West."  A  large  hotel  and 
restaurant,  a  great  exhibition  hall,  an  immense  amphitheater  for  pyrotechnic 
displays  on  a  mammoth  scale;  slides,  and  the  various  amusements  incident  to 
such  a  resort  as  Coney  Island  are  to  be  found  here. 

Chicago  Lawn. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  10 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  beautiful  and  popular  suburb. 

Clarendon  Hills. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 
20  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Clifton. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  18  miles  from 
the  City  Hall. 

Clintonville. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  39  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Clyde. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  10  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Colehour. — Situated  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  railway,  13 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  manufacturing  suburb. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  445 

Gonleys. — Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railway,  19  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Oortland. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railway,  55%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Crawford. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  7 
miles  from  the  Citv  Hall.  A  pretty  suburb. 

Crete. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  31  miles  from 
the  City  Hall. 

Crown  Point. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburg  and  Chi- 
cago &  Erie  railroads,  41  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Crystal  Lake. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railroad,  43  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  popular  summer  fish- 
ing and  camping  resort. 

Cummings. — Situated  on  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  (Nickel 
Plate)  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Erie  railways,  15  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A 
manufacturing  suburb  of  great  promise. 

Cuyler. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  adjoining  Ravenswood.  A  small  suburb  as  yet,  but 
growing. 

Dalton. — Situated  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  railway, 

miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Dauphin  Park. — Situated  at  the  crossing  of  the  Illinois  Central  and 
Michigan  Central  railroads  with  the  Rock  Island  and  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific, 
the  Western  Indiana  and  New  Albany  roads.  One  hundred  trains  pass 
through  this  suburb  daily.  It  is  the  only  suburb  along  the  Iin6  of  the  Illi- 
nois CeLtral  road  having  its  own  park  front,  and  before  it  contained  a  house 
it  had  beautiful  groves  of  young  trees,  paved  avenues,  a  complete  system  of 
walks,  sewers,  gas  and  water.  It  is  convenient  to  the  southern  park  system 
of  Chicago,  and  to  the  site  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  The  village  is 
beautifully  built  and  settled  by  a  high  class  of  people.  It  was  founded  by 
S.  E.  Gross. 

Deering. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  about  3  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Here  are  located  the  Deer- 
ing  Harvester  Works  and  other  large  manufactories. 

De  Kalb. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway,  58^  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Desplaines. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  16^  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  very  popular  summer 
picnicking  and  camp-meeting  ground. 

DesPlaines. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  22 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Dolton.— Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad, 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Downer's  Grove. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 
about  23  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Population,  1,200.  Downer's  Grove  is  in 
the  southeast  corner  of  DuPage  county  and  but  a  few  miles  from  the  divid- 
ing line  between  this  and  Cook  county.  It  is  a  body  of  timber  and  covers 
perhaps  one  section  of  land  in  sections  6  and  7  of  township  38  north,  range 


446  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

11  east.  It  has  its  schools  and  its  churches.  Of  the  latter  there  are  a  Meth- 
odist, Congregational,  Episcopalian,  Catholic  and  German  Evangelical. 
"  East  Grove  "  is  a  station  %  of  a  mile  east  of  Downer's  Grove,  and  was  first 
laid  out  thirteen  years  ago.  Since  then  four  or  five  new  additions  have  been 
made,  some  of  them  quite  large.  About  sixty  families  now  make  their 
homes  here. 

Dyer. — Situated  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  railway,  28^ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

East  Grove. — Situated  on  the  Chicago/Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

East  Roseland  (104th  street). — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad, 
%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Edgewater. — Situated  on  theEvanston  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  railroad,  1%  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lob"e 
Michigan,  and  within  driving  distance  from  the  business  center.  Edge- 
water  is  one  of  the  prettiest  suburbs  in  the  country.  Its  situation  is  charming. 
Commencing  at  the  shore  of  the  lake  the  land  rises  by  a  gentle  and  almost 
imperceptible  slope  till  it  reaches  an  elevation  of  from  ten  to  twenty -five 
feet  above  the  lake.  Before  the  country  was  opened  up  the  land  was  covered 
with  a  dense  growth  of  trees.  The  ash,  the  elm,  the  white  birch,  the  oak 
and  the  maple  alike  thrive  and  grow  beautiful,  nourished  by  the  fertile  soil. 
Its  founders  bought  250  acres  of  land  there  in  1884,  and  gave  the  future  town 
the  name  of  Edgewater.  It  was  at  that  time  a  wilderness  of  woods  a"d 
underbrush.  For  nearly  two  years  the  work  went  on.  Just  enough  of  the 
original  forest  was  cut  down  to  admit  of  building  and  laying  out  streets. 
The  streets  were  laid  out  sixty-six  feet  wide,  and  every  one  of  them  was 
macadamized.  Between  the  street  and  the  sidewalks,  a  broad  space  was  left 
and  sodded.  Stone  sidewalks  were  laid  throughout  and  between  the  street 
and  the  walks,  at  distances  of  thirty-three  feet,  additional  trees  were  set  out. 
The  matter  of  drainage  was  especially  attended  to.  Competent  engineers 
superintended  the  laying  of  the  pipes  underground,  and  every  joint  and  con- 
nection was  made  tight  before  being  covered  up.  Besides  this  care  the 
system  has  been  so  devised  that  no  objectionable  encroachment  can  be  r^ade 
to  the  injury  of  the  service.  The  matter  of  lighting  was  not  neglected.  A 
company  was  formed  pnd  an  electric  light  plant  put  up  at  a  cost  of  $60,000. 
It  is  the  most  complete  for  its  size  in  the  country.  When  the  improvements 
were  completed,  one  hundred  houses  were  erected,  costing  from  $5, 000  to  $16,- 
000  exclusive  of  the  lot.  The  architecture  is  varied  and  pleasing,  Queen  Anne 
and  Colonial  style  being  frequently  used.  The  material  used  is  brick,  stone 
and  wood.  An  effort  was  made  to  avoid  building  any  two  houses  alike,  and 
hence  a  pleasing  variety  and  contrast  was  obtained.  Edgewater  has  two 
handsome  church  structures.  The  Church  of  the  Atonement  is  said  to  be  the 
only  correct  Gothic  church  in  the  country.  The  material  is  red  sandstone,  and 
the  interior  decorations  are  both  elaborate  and  elegant.  The  Epworth  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  is  the  handsomest  structure  of  the  denomination  out- 
side of  the  city.  [See  Argyle  Park.]  There  is  also  a  finely  equipped  and 
graded  school,  to  which  educational  facilities  will  be  constantly  added  for 
the  benefit  of  the  community.  The  public  stable  is  one  of  the  suburb's 
attractions. 

Edison  Park — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railway,  12  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  447 

Eggleston. — One  of  the  most  prominent  suburbs  in  close  proximity  to 
Chicago;  generally  mentioned  in  connection  with  Auburn  Park,  another 
beautiful  environ.  The  accessibility  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park  is  well 
known.  Its  main  transit  line  is  the  Rock  Island  railroad,  over  which  trains 
run  the  distance  in  from  twenty  to  thirty  minutes.  The  convenience  afforded 
suburban  travelers  on  this  road  are  seconded  only  to  that  obtained  by  the 
patrons  of  the  Illinois  Central  line.  The  Rock  Island  depot  is  nearer  the  busi- 
ness center  of  the  city  than  is  that  of  any  other  road.  It  is  particularly  con- 
venient for  Board  of  Trade  men,  and,  if  for  no  other  reason,  their  number 
should  be  well  represented  among  the  residents  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn 
Park.  Besides  the  Rock  Island  road  these  twin  suburbs  have  the  C.  &  E.  I. 
railway  close  at  hand.  Then,  too,  the  Wentworth  avenue  street  car  line  is  to 
be  extended  from  Seventy-third  street,  its  present  terminus,  right  through 
this  property,  to  Seventy-ninth  street.  The  material  for  the  road  is  already 
on  the  ground,  and  the  line  will  be  finished  and  cars  will  be  running  by  the 
first  of  November. 

No  one  can  view  the  rich  beauties  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park  property 
without  becoming  more  or  less  enthusiastic,  according  to  his  power  of  appre- 
ciation. Unquestionably,  it  is  the  handsomest  and  best  improved  residence 
district  in  Cook  county.  It  is  difficult  to  imagine  how  intelligent  and  well-to- 
do  home-builders  can  be  persuaded  to  locate  on  crudely  improved  and  treeless 
prairie  ground,  when  the  high  ridge,  naturally  wooded  and  thoroughly- 
improved  property  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park  is  so  near  at  hand,  and  can 
be  had  at  the  low  prices  it  is  now  quoted  at.  About  four  years  of  time  have 
been  consumed,  and  over  one-half  a  million  dollars  have  been  expended  in 
bringing  that  suburb  up  to  its  present  high  standard. 

Had  not  the  location  been  possessed  of  great  natural  advantages  and 
beauty  to  commence  with,  even  this  large  expenditure  of  time  and  money 
could  not  have  made  it  what  it  now  is — could  not  have  given  it  its  present 
enviable  position  in  the  public  estimation.  Messers.  Eggleston,  Mallette& 
Brownell,  the  three  gentlemen  who  pushed  forward  this  great  undertaking- 
with  so  great  success,  are  justly  entitled  to  much  praise,  for  the  work  done 
by  them  has  been  of  incalculable  benefit  to  Chicago.  It  has  influenced  other 
improver-;  to  take  more  pride  in  their  work,  and  to  act  more  conscientiously 
in  their  dealings  with  their  customers.  The  progress  made  by  these  three 
gentlemen  is  extremely  interesting,  and  the  result  of  their  combined  efforts 
and  capital  have  far  exceeded  their  own  and  their  friends'  expectations. 
Recognizing  the  value  of  such  a  location,  they  bought  the  ground  on  which 
Eggleston  now  stands,  and  commenced  to  improve  it. 

Well  understanding  that  no  locality  can  be  uniformly  improved  unless 
under  the  sole  control  of  a  single  person  or  a  syndicate,  Eggleston,  Mallette 
&  Brownell  also  bought  Auburn  Park.  Then  they  immediately  commenced 
to  carry  out  their  avowed  plan  of  making  their  two  purchases  as  attractive  a 
subdivision  as  labor  and  abundant  means  could  produce.  That  they  have 
accomplished  their  object,  none  can  gainsay.  Briefly  stated,  this  property 
extends  from  Seventy-first  street  to  Seventy-ninth,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
East  by  State  street .  and  has  Wallace  avenue  for  a  Western  boundary,  being 
one  mile  by  one  half  mile  in  size.  It  is  the  first  rise  of  any  consequence  back 
from  the  lake,  and  is  so  well  elevated  as  to  allow  of  laying  the  pipes  of  its 


448  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO 

complete  sewer  system  eight  and  ten  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground.  A 
large  and  natural  growth  of  oak  trees  are  everywhere  seen  besides  which,  tall 
and  beautiful  elms  border  either  side  of  the  walks.  Besides  the  boundary 
streets,  there  are  LaFayette,  Perry,  Wentworth,  Yale  and  Harvard  avenues, 
Wright  and  Dickey  streets.  All  these  last  mentioned  and  well-known  thor- 
oughfares are  North  and  South  ones,  and  hence  cross  through  Eggleston  and 
Auburn  Park  the  longest  way.  Running  in  the  same  direction,  and  right 
through  the  center  of  this  property,  is  Stewart  avenue  boulevard.  This  gives 
it  direct  connection  with  the  South  Park  boulevard  system,  a  most  desirable 
and  valuable  feature.  A  point  that  should  be  well  emphasized  is  that  every 
street  in  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park  is  improved  in  all  respects  equal  to 
Grand  and  Drexel  boulevards.  They  are  all  broad  and  evenly  macadamized; 
boulevard  lamps  are  in;  the  sidewalks  are  all  of  Cleveland  sand  stone;  and  a 
force  of  twelve  gardners  are  employed  the  year  around,  to  keep  the  trees, 
shrubbery,  llowers,  lawns,  etc.,  in  order.  At  each  of  the  corners  of  inter- 
secting streets,  a  vase  of  growing  flowers  is  kept  the  summer  through.  Even 
the  alleys  need  some  mention,  for  being  wide  and  macadamized,  they  really 
compare  well  with  the  streets  in  some  localities.  A  picturesque  feature  of 
this  property,  is  the  presence  of  a  narrow,  river-like  body  of  water  that  winds 
through  its  southern  portion.  A  dressy  little  boat-house  has  been  erected, 
which  shelters  a  number  of  pretty  row  boats.  In  fact,  on  all  sides  are  to  be 
seen  evidences  of  everything  possible  having  been  done  to  make  Eggleston 
and  Auburn  Park  to  Englewood,  what  Kenwood  is  to  Hyde  Park — an  ideal 
aristocratic  residence  place.  To  secure  the  best  results,  established  building 
restrictions  are  enforced.  In  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park,  no  house  less  than 
two  full  stories  high,  and  upon  else  than  a  stone  foundation,  can  be  erected. 
No  lot  narrower  than  fifty  feet  is  sold,  and  no  front  fences  are  allowed  to  be 
built.  The  building  line  is  so  stipulated,  and  the  residences  so  placed,  as  to 
show  the  lawns  to  the  best  advantage.  These  restrictions  may  seem  to  be  a 
little  notional,  but  already  the  residents  there  can  plainly  see  the  wisdom  of 
living  up  to  them.  Eventually  when  all  is  built  up,  the  value  of  these  restric- 
tions will  be  even  more  apparent. 

The  educational  advantages  of  these  suburbs  are  very  superior.  The 
Normal  school  is  but  three  blocks  from  Eggleston,  and  at  both  Seventieth  and 
Seventy-fifth  streets  there  is  a  good  public  school.  Thriving  churches  of 
different  denominations  are  near  by,  and  a  number  of  social  clubs  are 
organized. 

To  sum  it  all  up,  the  words  of  one  of  Chicago's  most  successful  phy- 
sicians, who  lately  visited  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park,  are  directly  to  the 
point.  He  said:  "  To  view  the  cleanliness  and  beauty  everywhere  to  be  seen 
there,  is  decidedly  refreshing."  From  either  depot,  where  a  star,  crescent, 
and  either  "  Eggleetoa  "  or  "  Auburn  Park  "  is  boldly  outlined  on  the  sward 
of  the  sloping  bank, .to  the  remotest  corner  of  that  well-kept  property,  nothing 
to  mar  the  beauty  of  the  scenery  is  to  be  found,  and  the  visitor  is  led  to 
wonder  why  capitalists  do  not  lay  out  other  sub-divisions  in  like  manner. 
The  owners  of  this  property,  Messrs.  Eggleston,  Mallette  &  Brownell,  have 
offices  on  the  second  floor  of  the  Tacoma  building,  and  on  the  sixth  floor  of 
the  Royal  Insurance  building.  They  now  have  four  houses  under  contract  to 
build,  each  of  which  will  cost  fully  $20,000,  besides  many  others.  [See 
Auburn  Park  and  Illustrations.] 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  449 

Elburn. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway,  44  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Elgin. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  42  miles  from 
the  City  Hall.  A  beautiful  and  prosperous  town.  Immense  dairy  interests 
are  centered  here.  The  Elgin  National  Watch  factory  and  several  other  large 
industrial  institutions  are  located  here.  [See  Elgin  National  Watch  Factory.] 
Population,  1890,  17,429. 

Elmhurst. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North-West- 
ern railway,  15  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  An  attractive  suburb. 

Elsdon. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  9  miles  from 
the  City  Hall. 

Englewood. — A  beautiful  district  of  the  city  proper,  situated  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  other  lines,  but  accessible  by  street  cars.  It 
is  practically  within  the  old  city,  and  has  long  since  lost  its  individuality  as 
a  village.  There  are  handsome  business  blocks,  elegant  residences  and  a  fine 
opera  house  here.  [See  Timmerman  Opera  House.]  Englewood  is  hardly 
more  to  be  considered  as  a  suburb  now  than  Hyde  Park  or  Lake  View. 

Englewood  Heights. — Situated  at  the  intersection  of  the  Panhandle  and 
Rock  Island  railroads,  between  Eighty-seventh  and  Ninety-second  sts.,  and 
Ashland  ave.  and  the  Panhandle  tracks.  To  those  of  moderate  means  a  town 
of  the  size  of  Englewood  Heights  offers  many  inducements;  property  is  much 
cheaper  than  it  is  in  an  older  and  better  developed  place.  The  man  who  is 
working  for  a  moderate  salary  can  go  there, buy  a  lot,  put  up  a  modest  dwelling 
and  live  comfortably.  In  time  his  home  increases  greatly  in  value  and  he  finds 
himself  in  possession  of  a  ^aluable  piece  of  property.  Englewood  Heights 
possesses  one  attribute  almost  essential  to  a  successful  town — natural  beauty. 
Before  it  was  platted,  its  natural  wooded  district  offered  a  never-failing 
inducement  to  picnic  parties,  and  every  Sunday  the  grounds  were  crowded 
with  pleasure-seekers.  To-day  one  would  oot  be  able  to  recognize  the  old 
landmarks.  Stores,  pleasure  resorts,  tasteful  dwellings  and  evidences  of 
business  activity  proclaim  a  wonderful  transformation. 

Englewood  on  the  Hill. — Situated  on  the  Panhandle  road  directly  west  of 
Englewood  proper,  extending  from  Sixty-seventh  to  Seventy-first  sts. 
north  and  south,  and  is  bounded  eastand  westbyLoomis  st.  and  Western  ave. 
Take  train  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts. ,  West  Side.  The  founder 
of  the  town  suburb  is  E.  A.  Cummings,  Esq.,  of  E.  A.  Cummings  &  Co. 
Like  the  founders  of  the  several  towns  round  about  Euglewood,  Mr.  Cum- 
mings gave  the  town  a  name  to  which  was  attached  Englewood.  Some  years 
ago  he  bought  this  tract  for  $400  an  acre  and  soon  sold  it  for  $600  an  acre. 
He  had  not  parted  with  it  long  before  its  desirability  as  a  suburban  residence 
place  struck  him  with  peculiar  force.  As  a  result  he  a  second  time  pur- 
chased the  land,  giving  for  it  $1,300  an  acre.  Among  the  public  buildings 
are  a  handsome  Catholic  church  and  a  public  school-house  of  pressed  brick, 
costing  $30,000.  Three  brick  business  blocks  are  directly  opposite  the  depot 
and  are  occupied  with  well  stocked  stores.  The  contiguity  of  the  "Hill  "to 
the  Stock  Yards  has  induced  several  large  operators  to  locate  there.  A  mile 
frontage  on  Ashland  ave.  possessed  by  the  town  gives  an  added  value  to  real 
estate.  Another  thing  that  is  in  favor  of  the  town  and  one  that  will  help  its 
growth  in  the  years  to  come  is  the  fact  that  it  is  directly  in  the  line  to  the 


450  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Stickney  tract,  which  is  certain  to  become  a  great  manufacturing  center. 
Euglewood  on  the  Hill  has  about  700  inhabitants  and  is  growing  with  remark- 
able rapidity. 

Kola. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  35  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Evanston,  City  of. — By  vote  of  the  people  of  Evanston  and  of  South 
Evanston,  which  have  been  {•eparate  villages,  on  Feb.  20,  1692,  the  two  were 
consolidated,  the  intention  being  to  form  a  municipality  under  a  regular  city 
charter  from  the  State.  This  was  carried  out  later  in  the  Spring  of  1892.  The 
Ciiy  of  Evanston  had  a  frontage  on  Lake  Michigan  at  this  time  of  about  3  miles, 
and  extended  westwardly  about  1J^  miles.  Its  population  was  about  15. 000.  In 
this  edition  of  The  Standard  Guide  the  Villages  of  Evanston  and  South  Evan- 
ston are  referred  to  below  under  their  former  names,  the  new  city  not  being 
fully  organized  as  it  goes  to  press.  [See  "Evanston,"  "South  Evanston," 
"Clubs,"  "Northwestern  University, "and  other  classifications  for  information 
concerning  the  place  named. " 

Evanston. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway  and  on  the  Evanston  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  railroad,  12  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan.  Take  train  at  Wells  St.  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  North  Side, 
or  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts. ,  West  Side.  Steamboats  take  pas- 
sengers to  Evanston  during  the  summer  season  from  Clark  st.  bridge.  Trains 
run  at  intervals  of  a  few  minutes,  morning  and  evening,  and  hourly  during 
the  day.  Evanston  is  the  most  celebrated  and  in  many  respects  the  most 
attractive  of  Chicago's  suburbs,  by  reason  of  its  beautiful  and  accessible  situ- 
ation, its  educational  institutions,  its  churches,  itshigh  social  advantages  and 
the  cultured  character  of  its  inhabitants.  A  great  many  of  the  residents  of 
Evanston  are  people  distinguished  in  the  literary  world,  and  not  a  few  of 
them  enjoy  an  international  reputation.  The  visitor  should  not  fail  to  spend 
a  few  days  in  this  charming*  village  and  its  vicinity.  In  1850  the  place  was 
known  as  "Ridgeville."  There  were  then  about  100  inhabitants  in  the  settle- 
ment. Major  Mulford  was  the  supervisor,  the  postmaster  and  the  general 
major  domo  of  the  town.  Several  names  were  proposed,  among  them  Orring- 
ton.  It  was  finally  decided  that  to  the  one  who  should  come  to  the  front  and 
give  most  generously  of  his  substance  should  accrue  the  honor  of  the  name. 
Dr.  John  Evans,  now  Hon.  John  Evans,  then  a  leading  physician  of  Chicago, 
was  the  man,  and  after  him  was  the  ne^v  town  called  Evanston.  Other  men 
who  have  been  identified  with  the  growth  of  the  village  have  not  been  for- 
gotten. Their  names  are  perpetuated  in  the  beautiful  streets  which  traverse 
the  village.  Greenleaf  ave.,  Hinman  ave.,  Noyes  ave.,  Davis  street,  after 
Dr.  N.  S.  Divis;  Judson  ave.,  Dempster  St.,  Orrington  ave.,  and  a  host  of 
others  all  have  their  significance,  and  recollections  cluster  about  them.  Ever 
since  its  establishment  the  growth  of  Evanston  has  been  a  steady  and  healthly 
one.  Not  until  the  year  1857  was  the  town  organized.  The  first  supervisor 
was  George  Reynolds,  who  built  the  first  hotel — the  Reynolds  House.  His 
residence  stood  where  now  stands  the  elegant  mansion  of  William  Deering. 
The  first  store  was  opened  by  J.  B.  Colvin  and  stood  where  Garwood's  drug 
store  now  is.  The  first  public  school  was  a  log  house  at  Greenwood  and 
Ridge  aves.  The  site  was  intended  as  a  burying  ground,  but  instead  there 
stands  the  stately  mansion  of  John  Kirk.  In  the  winter  of  1853  the 
^llage  of  Evanston  was  first  platted  by  Rev.  Philo  Judson.  The  con- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  15l 

necting  link  between  Chicago  and  the  1ov>n  came  in  1854,  when  the 
Chicago  &  North-Western  railway  laid  its  tracks  there.  From  that 
time  there  set  in  a  steady  advance  in  its  growth,  and  in  the  winter 
of  1863  the  village  was  incorporated.  The  first  president  of  the  board 
wasH.B.  Hurd  and  John  Fussey  was  commissioner  of  streets.  The  total 
valuation  of  property  was  then  $125,480.  In  April,  1873,  the  village  organ- 
ization was  voted  and  C.  J.  Gilbert  was  the  first  president.  Ere  this  many  of 
Chicago's  first  citizens  had  been  attracted  to  Evanston  and  the  board  con- 
tained such  names  as  H.  G.  Powers,  Lyman  J.  Gage,  William  Blanchard,  Wil- 
son Phelps  and  O.  A.  Willard.  The  successive  presidents  of  the  village  were 
O.  Huse,  Dr.  N.  8.  Davis,  J.  M.  Williams,  Thomas  J.  Frost,  T.  A.  Cosgrove, 
J.  J  Parkhurst,  C.  N.  Remy,  M.  W.  Kirk,  James  Ayers  and  H.  H.  C.  Miller. 

A  drive  through  the  principal  streets  of  Evanston  will  re  veal  the  attractions 
of  the  place.  On  every  side  and  continually  the  eye  is  greeted  with  a  sight 
of  beautiful  lawns,  tasteful  flower-gardens  and  ornamental  mounds.  They 
form  a  pretty  foreground  for  the  elegant  residences  that  are  almost  always 
built  at  a  goodly  distance  from  the  street.  The  architecture  of  the  town  is 
pleasingly  varied  and  uniformly  tasteful.  In  few  places  can  one  see  so  many 
homes  that  indicate  refinement  and  wealth.  The  mansion  and  not  the  cottage 
is  the  rule. 

The  character  of  the  people  is  distinctive.  Evanston  people  are  nothingif 
not  educated.  They  pride  themselves  on  this.  It  is  the  miniature  Boston  of 
the  West.  You  feel  refinement  in  the  very  atmosphere.  It  is  the  home  of 
cultivation.  This  must  needs  be  so  from  the  fact  that  the  growth  and  devel- 
opment of  the  town  has  been  shaped  and  influenced  by  the  University.  That 
nobleinstitution  has  grown  from  an  humble  beginning  to  become  the  equal  of 
almost  any  institution  of  learning  in  the  United  States.  It  needs  no  enco- 
miums. The  history  of  its  graduates,  the  standing  of  its  faculty,  speak  vol- 
umes. The  University  grounds  constitute  the  chief  park  of  the  town.  They 
are  densely  wooded  and  undulating.  From  time  to  time  new  buildings  have 
been  added  till  now  a  memorial  hall,  a  science  hall,  Dearborn  Observatory, 
Heck  Hall,  woman's  college,  preparatory  school,  dormitory  and  gymnasium, 
all  models  of  elegance  and  convenience,  adorn  the  spacious  grounds.  [See 
Northwestern  University.] 

Another  thing  that  has  added  greatly  to  the  attraction  possessed  by 
Evanston  is  the  exclusion  of  the  sale  of  liquor  within  the  four  mile  limit. 
The  possibility  of  rearing  a  family  beyond  the  baleful  influence  of  the  saloon 
has  caused  many  to  settle  within  its  borders.  The  contest  over  the  liquor 
traffic  forms  a  notable  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  town. 

The  character  of  the  inhabitants  of  Evanston  has  in  the  past  few  years 
changed  considerably — and  for  some  reasons  for  the  better.  The  old  Puritan 
days  when  the  religionist  dominated  the  town  are  now  but  a  memory.  The 
same  element  is  still  there.  But  it  is  diluted  just  enough  to  give  the  town  a 
progressive  spirit  and  lend  to  it  a  live  and  bustling  character.  The  social 
gatherings  of  Evanston  are  delightful  affairs,  unmarred  by  the  stiff  formality 
that  characterizes  the  swell  events  of  Chicago's  400.  The  social  element  is 
exacting,  too.  There  you  can  see  club  life  in  its  ideality.  [See  Evanston 
Club,  Evanston  Country  Club  and  Evanston  Boat  Club.]  Another  source 
of  pride  to  Evanston  is  her  school  system.  The  Evanston  High  School  stands 
at  Benson  avenue  and  Dempster  street.  Theschool  ranksamong  the  highest, 
and  a  diploma  from  it  will  admit  the  graduate  into  almost  any  college  in  the 
United  States.  The  Hinman  Avenue  School,  the  Wesley  Avenue  School,  the 


452  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Haven  School  and  a  score  of  others  offer  superior  and  exceptional  educational 
advantages.  Besides  these  there  are  the  various  district  schools. 

The  people  of  Evanston,  or  the  great  majority  of  them,  are  religiously 
inclined.  It  is  pre-eminently  a  town  of  many  churches.  In  the  early  days 
of  its  history  the  Methodist  denomination  predominated  to  the  exclusion  of 
all  others.  Now  lofty  spires  rise  from  edifices  devoted  to  the  peculiar  wor- 
ship of  almost  every  denomination.  The  Episcopalians  and  Catholics 
have  just  erected  two  magnificent  structures.  A  mention  of  Evanston's 
attractions  would  not  he  complete  without  a  passing  notice  of  the  Evanston 
Life-saving  Station.  [See  "Evanston Life-savin s Station, "in  Encyclopedia.] 
Among  the  public'institutions  of  Evanston  is  the  free  circulating  library  at 
534  Sherman  ave.  The  Evanston  Press  and  Index  are  the  newspapers  of  the 
village,  and  both  are  edited  with  force,  good  judgment  and  ability.  The 
Index  is  the  older  newspaper.  The  Press  is  young  and  vigorous. 

Among  the  latest  and  most  important  improvements  in  Evanston  is  the 
New  Village  Hall,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $40,000.  [See  "  Evanston,  City  of," 
"  South  Evauston,"  "  Clubs,"  "  Northwestern  University,"  etc.] 

Evergreen  Park. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway, 
14^£  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  charming  residence  place,  and  quite  pop- 
ular. 

Fairmew  Park.— Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  rail 
road,  15J£  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Feehanmlle. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad  twenty- 
five  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Here  is  located  St.  Mary's  Industrial  School 
for  Boys.  The  place  receives  its  name  from  the  Catholic  archbishop  of  this 
diocese.  [See  Educational  Institutions.] 

Fernwood. — Situated  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  rail- 
road, twelve  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  village  is  almost  surrounded  by 
West  Roseland  on  the  south,  Oakdale  on  the  north,  and  Washington  Heights  on 
the  west.  ^Fernwood  is  a  village  of  about  1,500  inhabitants.  At  the  time  the 
surrounding  villages,  West  Roseland,  Oakdale,  Washington  Heights,  etc., 
came  into  the  city,  Fernwood  refused  to  become  annexed.  She  soon 
repented,  however,  and  at  the  very  first  opportunity  voted  to  cast  her  lot 
with  Chicago. 

Forest  Hill. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad, 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Forest  Home. — Situated  on  the  Chicago^&  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  10J£ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Fort  Sheridan. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railway,  24i£  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  [See  Fort  Sheridan, 
under  head  of  "  Military."] 

Fox  Lake. — One  of  the  most  charming  summer  resorts  in  the  vicinity  of 
Chicago.  It  may  be  reached  either  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  or  the 
Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  The  distance  from  Chicago  is  about 
fifty-one  miles.  Fox  is  but  one  of  many  lakes  in  the  vicinity.  There  is  good 
fishing  here.  Small  steamers  ply  between  points  on  the  lakes.  The  banks 
are  dotted  with  pretty  villas.  Thousands  of  Chicagoans  make  their  summer 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  453 

homes  in  the  vicinity  of  Fox  Lake.  The  visitor,  desiring  a  day  of  recreation, 
could  not  find  a  more  perfect  spot  in  this  country.  Trains  leave  frequently 
for  the  stations  contiguous  to  the  lakes  of  Lake  county.  There  are  many 
sporting,  fishing  and  social  club  houses  on  the  Pox  Lake.  [See  Clubs — 
Athletic,  Sporting,  etc.] 

Franklin  Park. — Situated  at  the  intersection  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  and 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroads.  Franklin  Park,  founded  in  1890, 
is  bounteously  favored  by  the  high  elevation  of  its  surface  and  by  the 
diversified  charms  of  the  surrounding  scenery.  Streets,  boulevards  and 
parks  have  been  laid  out,  a  large  public  hall  makes  conspicuous  show,  and 
tasteful  residences  appear  on  every  hand.  The  improvements  are  of  a  char- 
acter in  keeping  with  those  of  older  and  well-populated  suburbs. 

Geneva. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railway,  35^  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  is  the  station  of 
Geneva  Lake,  one  of  the  most  charming  summer  resorts  in  the  West. 
Many  of  the  wealthy  people  of  Chicago  have  summer  residences  on  the  Lake. 
The  Lake  itself  is  a  beautiful  body  of  water.  In  the  season  it  is  alive  with 
boats.  Some  of  the  summer  villas  are  magnificent. 

Glencoe. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  nineteen  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  It  is  one  of  the  prettiest 
suburbs  on  the  North  Shore. 

Q-len  Ellyn. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division,  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  twenty-three  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  location  is 
most  charming.  The  property  upon  which  this  suburb  has  been  established 
is  in  Du  Page  county,  and  lies  north  and  east  of  the  beautiful  village  of 
Prospect  Park.  High  and  heavily  wooded  hills  almost  encircle  a  sloping 
valley,  near  the  centre  of  which  is  the  tract  of  130  acres  to  be  reserved  for  a 
park.  In  the  centre  of  this  park  are  the  mineral  springs.  Across  the  valley 
a  dam  has  been  built,  and  the  water  from  a  number  of  non-mineral  sorings 
farther  to  the  west  has  formed  a  lake  of  fifty  acres,  upon  which  a  fleet  of 
boats  has  been  placed.  -The  mineral  springs  are  five  in  number,  and  form 
a  cluster  in  the  centre  of  the  park.  The  flow  from  these  springs  varies  from 
50  to  150  gallons  a  minute  each,  and  the  combined  flow  per  minute  from  the 
five  is  about  500  gallons. 

Glenwood. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  twenty- 
three  and  one-half  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  [See  Training  Schools.] 

Goodenow. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  chirty- 
four  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Grand  Crossing — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  and  on  all  lines  of  rail- 
road running  south,  nine  and  three-fourths  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Some 
very  important  industries  are  located  here,  among  them  the  Calumet  Iron  and 
Steel  Works.  Here  also  is  located  the  old  Cornell  Watch  Factory. 

Grant  Locomotive  Works  Addition  to  Chicago. — This  property  is  situated 
at  the  southwest  corner  of  Twelfth  street  and  Hyman  avenue  (or  West  Forty- 
eighth  street),  and  is  immediately  east  of  the  great  Locomotive  Works.  The 
locomotive  plant  occupies  a  space  of  about  forty  acres,.in  the  center  of  the 
famous  section  twenty-one.  Large  and  substantial  buildings  have  been  con- 
structed and  are  now  being  equipped  with  the  latest  improved  machinery, 
making  these  works  the  most  modern  in  the  United  States.  It  is  the  only 


454  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

locomotive  manufacturing  establishment  west  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  Dunkirk, 
N.  Y.  A  large  force  of  skilled  mechanics  will  find  steady  employment  in 
these  works,  the  capacity  of  which  will  be  at  first  about  250  locomotives  per 
annum,  and  it  is  confidently  expected  that  this  output  will  be  increased  from 
year  to  year.  The  entire  plant  will  be  in  full  operation  not  later  than  March, 
1892,  and  it  is  expected  that  from  1,500  to  2,000  men  will  find  constant 
employment  in  this  one  industry.  This  will  be  a  new  manufacturing  district, 
and  its  magnitude  will  attract  kindred  concerns  employing  large  numbers  of 
men.  The  property  which  Bogue  &  Company  offer  for  sale  will  have  all 
modern  improvements,  such  as  macadamized  streets,  sidewalks,  water  pipes, 
and  sewers. 

Grayland. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway, 
eight  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  pretty  suburb. 

Qray's  Lake. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
forty-five  and  one-half  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  delightful  summer  resoft. 

Greenwood. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad, 
twenty-two  and  one-fourth  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Oreggs. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  twenty 
and  three  fourths  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Q-rifflth. — A  new  manufacturing  suburb,  situated  in  Lake  county,  Indi- 
ana, on  the  lines  of  the  Michigan  Central,  Grand  Trunk,  Chicago  &  Erie  and 
Elgin,  Joliet  &  Eastern  Belt  railroads.  Take  train  at  Central  Depot,  foot  of 
Lake  St.,  or  at  Dearborn  Station,  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  There  are  immense 
transactions  in  real  estate  for  manufacturing  sites  going  on  here.  The  town 
has  become  prominent  lately  because  of  its  proximity  to  the  new  packing 
industries  that  are  to  be  moved  into  Lake  county  by  Armour,  Swift  and  Mor- 
ris. [See  New  Stock  Yards.] 

Grossdale. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 
tweve  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall.  Grossdale  is  one  of  the  many  charming 
suburb?,  which  owe  their  origin  to  the  restless  activity,  sound  judgment  and 
liberal  public  spirit  of  S.  E.  Gross.  The  suburban  village  of  Grossdale  is 
located  in  a  natural  park  of  about  300  acres,  and  the  growth  of  the  place  has 
been  justly  pronounced  "one  of  those  phenomenal  evidences  of  progress, 
enterprise  and  artistic  sentiment  that  now  serve  to  distinguish  the  World's 
Fair  city  from  all  the  rest  of  creation." 

Mr.  Gross,  before  beginning  the  construction  of  Grossdale,  had 
platted,  subdivided,  built  and  sold  more  than  twenty  suburbs.  He  had  sold 
in  the  course  of  eleven  years  40,000  lots  and  had  built  more  than  11,000  houses. 
At  nineteen  years  of  age  he  was  a  captain  in  the  United  States  army,  fighting 
at  the  front  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  The  youngest  captain  in  the  service, 
he  came  home  in  1865,  covered  with  honors  and  with  scars.  In  1866  he  left 
his  boyhood's  home  in  Mount  Carroll,  111.,  and  came  to  Chicago,  where  he 
began  soon  the  practice  of  law.  In  1888  he  went  into  the  real  estate  business. 
His  Madison  street  subdivision,  "  Gross  Terrace,"  was  the  one  on 
which  he  tried  his  apprentice  hand.  Then,  with  experience,  came  Gross 
Park,  Argyle  Park,  Brookdale  and  Villa  Ridge.  Humboldt  Park  fol- 
lowed, and  Under  the  Linden,  at  Avondale;  Calumet  Heights, Kerwin  Station 
at  Oak  Park,  the  Archer  avenue  subdivision,  and  finally  Grossdale  and 
Dauphin  Park. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  455 

Gross  Park. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  about  four  and  one-half  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 
One  of  the  several  suburban  towns  founded  by  S.  E.  Gross.  This 
suburb  was  intended  for  the  homes  of  workingmen,  and  it  has  grown  wonder- 
fully within  the  past  few  years.  Nearly  all  the  residents  own  their  own  kouses. 

Gurnee.  —Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  thirty- 
eight  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Hammond. — Hammond  is  a  suburb  of  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Indiana, 
situated  almost  at  the  present  head  of  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Calumet 
river,  and  accessible  by  the  Michigan  Centra],  the  Chicago  &  Western 
Indiana,  the  Chicago  Belt  Line,  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago,  the 
New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  ("  Nickel  Plate  "),  the  Chicago  &  Atlantic, 
and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  ("Panhandle  ")  railroads.  Take 
trains  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts. ,  Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van 
Buren  and  Sherman  sts.,  Central  depot,  foot  of  Lake  St.,  or  Dearborn  Station, 
Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Hammond,  it  appears,  is  destined  to  become  one  of 
the  greatest  manufacturing  towns  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago,  but  not  until 
within  the  past  few  years  has  its  development  been  marked  or  extraordinary. 
One  of  the  first  settlers  of  Hammond  was  E.  W.  Hohman.  He  located  at 
Hammond  away  back  in  the  year  1849,  kept  a  tavern  and  was  justice  of  the 
peace.  The  little  outpost  was  then  known  as  Hohman's  Bridge.  It  was  a 
stage  station  between  Chicago  and  Michigan  City.  Mr.  Hohman  owned  about 
1,000  acres  of  the  land  upon  which  the  present  corporate  limits  of  the  city  are 
located.  Even  in  those  early  days  Mr.  Hohman  firmly  believed  that  Ham- 
mond would  at  some  future  day  become  a  great  city.  In  1869  he  sold  fifteen 
acres  of  this  tract  to  the  G.  H.  Hammond  Packing  Company.  This  was  the 
start  of  the  town.  The  packing  interests  soon  drew  about  it  the  nucleus  of 
the  town.  The  company  erected  buildings  for  its  employes.  Two  or  three 
stores  were  erected,  a  town  site  mapped  out,  and  work  begun.  At  first  the 
packing  interests  were  of  a  very  modest  nature.  Less  than  twenty-five  cattle 
were  slaughtered'aday,  fifteen  to  twenty  beingthe  average,  and  about  asmany 
men  were  employed.  The  beef  was  the  first  ever  shipped  East  from  Chicago 
in  refrigerator  cars.  From  this  small  beginning  the  business  increased  year 
by  year  until  to-day  the  Hammond  plant  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the 
world.  At  present  nearly  1,100  men  are  employed  at  the  slaughtering  houses, 
and  upward  of  5,000  cattle  are  killed  weekly  and  shipped  East.  In  1888  the 
output  of  G.  H.  Hammond  &  Co.  aggregated  over  $20,000,000;  in  1H89  it 
went  up  to  nearly  $26,000,000,  ami  in  1891  it  aggregated  nearly  $40,000,000. 
Around  this  little  center  new  industries  soon  sought  a  location.  In 
1886  the  Chicago  Steel  Manufacturing  Company  located  there.  A  site  of 
fifteen  acres  of  land  was  secured  and  upward  of  $500,000  was  invested. 
Large  buildings  of  brick  and  glass  have  been  put  up,  and  when  running  to 
full  capacity  it  employs  from  400  to  600  men  aud  boys.  The  Tuthill  Spring 
Company  located  in  1883.  It  has  an  invested  capital  of  possibly  $75,000  and 
gives  employment  to  at  least  150  men.  The  Calumet  Canning  Company  has 
$300,000  invested  and  employs  300  hands;  the  Chicago  Ax  Company,  with 
$50,000  invested,  employs  300  men;  the  Stein,  Hirsch  &  Co.'s  Starch  Works, 
with  $800,000  invested,  employs  200  hands,  and  the  Hammond  Milling 
Company,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000,  employs  fifty  hands.  But  the  most 
important  manufacturing  additions  to  Hammond  are  of  comparatively  recent 
date.  In  1890  the  Brown-Bonnell  Company  purchased  laud  at  Hammond 


456  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

upon  which  it  established  a  complete  steel  industry  at  an  expenditure  of 
$3,000,000.  The  new  works  of  the  Brown-Bonuell  Company  will  materially 
transform  Hammond.  When  these  works  are  complete  the  manufacturing 
interests  in  the  district  east  of  the  packing  houses  will  give  employment  to 
over  4,000  men.  With  the  exception  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Company  at  South 
Chicago  this  company  will  be  the  strongest  manufacturing  concern  in  the 
Calumet  basin.  It  will  form  one  link  of  the  chain  of  manufactories  extend- 
ing from  the  mouth  of  the  Calumet  river  to  East  Chicago,  and  embracing  the 
works  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Company,  the  Iroquois  Furnace  Company,  the 
Chicago  Smelting  and  Refining  Company,  the  Rolling  Mill  Company  at  Iron- 
dale,  the  Rolling  Stock  Company  at  Hegewisch,  and  the  Rolling  Mill  Com- 
pany at  East  Chicago.  Such  are  the  manufacturing  interests  already  located 
at  Hammond,  and  more  are  daily  coming  in.  The  more  recent  only  date 
since  last  summer.  The  P.  E.  Lane  Iron  Bridge  Works  have  bought  a 
twenty-two  acre  tract  in  section  thirty  for  $1,500  from  W.  H.  Russell.  This 
company  manufactures  iron  bridges  and  employs  upward  of  200  men.  Its 
present  works  are  located  at  Fifty-seventh  st.  and  the  Fort  Wayne  tracks, 
whence  they  will  be  removed  to  Hammond  and  started  anew  upon  a  larger 
plane.  The  Kingsley  Foundry  and  Manufacturing  Company  of  Elyria,  Ohio, 
has  also  decided  to  locate  at  Hammond.  This  company  has  secured  two 
acres  in  section  one,  and  will  at  once  proceed  to  erect  buildings  to  cost 
$15,000  to  $20,000,  and  will  place  machinery  in  them  costing  as  much  more. 
It  will  employ  fully  100  men.  The  company  manufactures  iron  castings, 
sewer  pipes,  etc.  Besides  these  two  concerns  the  American  Hominy  Flake 
Company,  of  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio,  has  also  secured  a  site  in  the  Oakhill 
sub-division  to  Hammond.  This  company  has  a  capital  of  $100,000,  and 
proposes  to  spend  from  $30,000  to  $35,000  in  buildings  on  their  new  site.  A 
new  elevator  is  to  be  built  and  an  oatmeal  mill.  A  large  number  of  manu- 
facturing concerns  have  purchased  sites  for  their  works  within  the  past  year. 
Here  will  probably  locate  the  greatest  packing  plant  in  the  world  (see  New 
Stock  Yards)  and  an  immense  brewery.  Already  the  growing  city  of  Ham- 
mond is  stretching  out  branch  towns  in  several  directions.  One  and  a  half 
miles  to  the  northwest  is  Calumet  Park,  really  a  suburb  of  Hammond.  This 
town  is  located  on  the  Calumet  terminal  and  Panhandle  railroads.  The 
National  Surface  Company,  a  large  concern,  has  already  established  a  factory 
there.  The  corporation  manufactures  iron  cattle  guards.  Hegewisch,  East 
Chicago  and  Whiting  are  all  thriving  manufacturing  towns. 

The  location  of  Hammond  is  very  desirable,  both  for  manufacturing  and 
residence  purposes,  There  is  a  plentiful  supply  of  pure  water,  and  modern 
improvements  in  lighting,  sewering,  paving  and  architecture  are  being  made 
with  amazing  rapidity.  The  visitor  can  spend  a  day  or  two  pleasantly  and 
profitably  in  Hammond  and  vicinity. 

Harlem. — Situated  between  the  towns  of  River  Forest  and  Oak  Park,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad. 

Harvey. — Situated  two  miles  south  of  the  southern  city  limits,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Illinois  Central,  Big  Four,  and  Grand  Trunk  railroads.  Take 
the  Illinois  Central  train  at  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  street;  or  take 
train  at  Dearborn  station,  Third  ave.  and  Polk  st.  l.arvey,  though  one  of 
the  youngest,  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  Chicago's  manufacturing  sub- 
urbs. Harvey,  founded  August  1890,  now  has  a  population  of  nearly  4,000. 
Sixty  trains  a  day  connect  it  with  the  heart  of  the  city,  and  railroad  lines 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  457 

other  than  those  mentioned  above  are  arranging  to  pass  through  the  town, 
and  the  transportation  facilities  will  be  of  the  very  best.  Unlike  most  sub- 
urbs of  Chicago,  Harvey  has  excellent  drainage  facilities,  being  from  twenty- 
one  to  twenty-eight  feet  above  the  Calumet  river,  and  having  a  brick  sewer 
four  feet  in  diameter,  fourteen.feet  below  the  surface,  extending  to  the  river. 
That  portion  of  Harvey  lying  east  of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  and  the 
land  lying  north  of  the  Chicago  and  Grand  Trunk  Ry. ,  and  west  of  Ashland  ave., 
will  be  devoted  exclusively  to  manufacturing  purposes.  The  rest  of  the 
town  being  reserved  for  residences.  Harvey  has  graded  streets  and  side- 
walks. Water  works  are  completed,  consisting  of  water  tower,  maips,  and 
artesian  wells  of  large  capacity.  Parks  ssirt  the  west  side  of  the  Illinois 
Central  railroad.  A  boulevard  is  made  on  155th  st.  A  $14,000  church  is 
built  in  the  same  locality  near  Lexington  ave.  A  bank  building  is  complete, 
and  hundreds  of  residences  are  already  constructed.  As  a  temperance,  manu- 
facturing town,  Harvey  is  famous  throughout  the  whole  country.  Among 
the  works  already  established  at  Harvey  are:  The  Harvey  Steel  works,  The 
Griunell  Wagon  Works,  The  Atkinson  Steel  &  Spring  Works,  Middleton  Car 
Spring  Co.,  The  Bellaire  Stamping  Co.,  The  Wells  Glass  Co.,  The  Buda 
Foundry  &  Manufacturing  Co.,  The  Craver  &  Steele  Manufacturing  Co., 
Laughlin  Manufacturing  Co.,  Automatic  Mower  &  Manufacturing  Co.,  A  J. 
Sweeney  &  Son,  and  applications  from  other  manufacturing  companies  to 
remove  their  plants  are  under  consideration.  The  freight  rates  to  and  from 
Harvey  are  the  same  as  to  and  from  Chicago.  Because  Harvey  is  to  be  to  a 
great  extent  a  manufacturing  town,  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  it  is  not 
adapted  for  the  suburban  home  of  the  city  merchant,  business  and  professional 
man.  There  are  many  sites  for  lovely  homes.  An  electric  railroad  has  just 
been  completed  proving  a  decided  success,  and  an  electiic  light  plant  fur- 
nishes light  for  the  streets.  Stores  and  a  number  of  factories  group  them- 
selves together  along  the  residence  streets  and  boulevards.  On  the  boulevard 
no  residence  is  to  be  erected  of  less  value  than  $2,500,  and  all  buildings  are  to 
be  placed  twenty-five  feet  back  of  the  face  line  of  street.  In  the  section 
bounded  by  154th  st.  on  the  north,  Ashland  ave.  on  the  west,  and  157th  st. 
on  the  south,  excepting  blocks  92  and  93,  no  buildings  are  to  be  erected  of 
less  value  than  $2,000.  Outside  of  this  area  the  only  restrictions  is  a  build- 
ing line.  All  residences  are  to  be  twenty  feet  back  of  face  line  of  street.  On 
all  property  west  of  Ashland  ave.  no  house  can  be  erected  that  shall  be  of  less 
cost  than  the  value  of  the  lot.  On  residence  lots  west  of  Ashland  ave.  the 
building  line  is  fifteen  feet  and  twenty  feet  on  150th  street  boulevard. 

Harvey  is  in  all  respects  the  most  successful  temperance  town  ever 
founded,  and,  therefore,  free  from  the  many  demoralizing  influences  result- 
ing from  the  sale  of  liquor. 

Hawtliorne. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 
six  miles  from  the  city.  At  present  there  are  many  neat  and  substantial  cot- 
tages on  several  of  the  streets,  which  are  all  graded  and  have  sidewalks  laid. 
The  ground  is  twenty  to  thirty  feet  above  city  level,  thusgiving  fine  drainage 
facilities  and  pure  air.  There  is  a  school-house  and  a  church,  and  plans  are 
being  perfected  for  the  erection  of  other  places  of  worship.  Shade  trees  are 
laid  out  on  the  streets,  which  are  improved  with  crushed  stone.  Hawthorne 
was  laid  out  by  G.  S.  Hubbard  some  years  ago,  and  hassinoe  been  subdivided 
and  improved  in  many  respects.  Half  a  mile  north  of  the  land  the  proposed 
site  for  the  Grant  Locomotive  Works  is  situated,  and  about  the  same  distance 


458  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

away  in  another  direction  there  will  be  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  shops 
Of  the  already  established  industries  of  the  locality  the  immense  quarries'of 
Dolese  &  Shepard  take  first  rank.  For  paving  and  building  purposes  the 
stone  from  these  quarries  is  greatly  thought  of.  Employment  is  given  to 
over  300  men  in  summer  and  about  150  in  winter. 

Hegewisch. — Situated  just  within  the  southern  limits  of  the  city,  east  of 
Calumet  Lake  and  on  the  Calumet  river.  A  most  prosperous  manufacturing 
town,  possessing  all  that  is  requisite  to  make  it  such,  cheap  grounds,  compe- 
tition facilities  afforded  both  by  rail  and  water,  are  the  causes  assigned  for 
the  present  promise  of  a  most  desirable  location  for  any  manufacturing 
industry.  The  government  has  already  made  appropriation  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  Calumet  river,  the  intention  being  to  widen  it  to  200  feet,  with  a 
depth  of  from  sixteen  to  eighteen  feet,  thus  rendering  it  navigable  for  the 
largest  lake  vessels.  The  town  is  named  after  the  president  of  the  United  States 
Roiling  Stock  Company.  The  company  began  operations  here  in  1884,  when  only 
a  small  tavern  occupied  the  site  wherein  now  are  3,000  inhabitants.  In  1885 
manufacturing  was  commenced,  and  also  the  erection  of  houses  for  the 
accommodation  of  this  company's  workmen.  The  plant  now  represents  an 
investment  of  $1,800,000,  consisting  of  buildings,  extensive  docks,  fourteen 
miles  of  trackage  in  their  yards,  etc.,  etc.  This  plant  has  a  capacity  of 
10,000  freight  cars  per  annum,  and  employs  1,200  men.  The  Compound 
Lumber  Company's  plant,  employing  90  men  for  the  manufacture  of  veneered 
doors  by  machinery,  and  the  Mahla  &  Chappell  Chemical  Works,  75  men,  are 
located  here.  The  cheap  transportation  of  iron  ores  by  water  adds  to  the 
advantages  of  Hegewisch  as  a  most  eligible  point  for  the  manufacture  of  heavy 
iron  work.  The  railroads  furnishing  outlets  to  the  Hegewisch  shippers  are: 
The  Michigan  Central;  Pittsburg,  Port  Wayne  &  Chicago;  Chicago  &  Erie; 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago;  Nickel  Plate;  and  the  two  belt  lines, 
Chicago  &  Western  Indiana,  and  Chicago  &  Calumet  terminal  railroads, 
afford  connections  with  every  railroad  running  out  of  Chicago. 

He&sville. — Situated  on  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St. Louis  (Nickel  Plate) 
railway,  22*^  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  manufacturing  suburb. 

Highlands. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad, 
seventeen  and  a  half  miles  from  the  city  hall,  on  highly  elevated  and  beauti- 
fully wooded  lands,  shade  trees  have  been  planted  and  will  in  a  short  time 
give  ample  shade  to  the  streets.  Streets  are  macadamized.  To  the  enterprise 
of  Messrs.  Bogue  &  Co.,  and  the  excellent  suburban  service  of  the  C.  B.  &  Q. 
road  is  due  the  popularity  of  the  suburb. 

Highland  Park. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway.  A  beautiful  suburb  on  the  north  shore.  There 
are  many  handsome  homes  here.  The  town  is  wooded  nicely  and  the  lawns 
are  very  pretty. 

High  Ridge. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  8}£  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Hinsdale. — Situated  on  the  Chic  igo,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  17 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  town  was  founded  about  twenty  years  ago. 
It  is  far  enough  from  Chicago  to  be  entirely  free  from  the  odors  incident  to  a 
big  city.  Abundant  shade  trees  and  shrubbery  adorn  the  residence  grounds 
and  line  the  streets.  The  avenues  are  lined  with  maple,  elm,  ash,  and  other 
forest  trees,  while  adjoining  the  drives  surrounding  it  are  groves  of  native 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  459 

oak,  elm  and  walnut,  interspersed  with  lovely  ferns.  Country  roads  lead  in 
every  direction  and  furnish  tempting  drives.  One  of  the  most  attractive 
drives  is  along  the  pretty,  meandering  stream  called  Salt  creek.  The  creek 
is  fed  by  Mammoth  spring,  which  tradition  says  sprang  suddenly  into  life 
and  engendered  Ihe  creek.  From  this  drive  a  view  can  be  had  of  the  old 
mill  and  Brush  Hill,  a  village  rechristened  to  the  more  prosaic  name  of 
Fullersburg.  In  Oak  Forest  cemetery  are  other  pretty  drives.  The  grounds 
have  been  recently  laid  out  by  G.  K.  Wright  and  incorporated.  In  the  ceme- 
tery is  the  Bobbins  Monument,  erected  to  the  founder  of  the  town,  who  died 
about  two  years  ago.  There  is  no  manufacturing  at  Hinsdale  and  none  is 
desired.  It  is  simply  a  residence  suburb.  Its  very  atmosphere  suggests  the 
word  "home,"  with  all  that  the  inexpressibly  sweet  term  means  to  the  Ameri- 
can. The  houses  built  upon  the  knolls  of  Hiusdale  have  a  view  of  Chicago 
in  the  distance,  with  all  the  intervening  villages  and  country.  Population, 
about  2. 500.  •  • 

Hyde  Park  Center. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  the  station 
being  at  the  foot  of  53d  st.  Everything  is  "Hyde  Park  "  below  Thirty, 
ninth  st.,  and  this  common  term,  which  isderived  from  the  name  of  the  townj 
ship,  is  made  to  cover  all  the  stations,  suburbs  and  districts  betw  een  tba 
street  and  the  Calumet  district.  In  order  to  distinguish  the  village  of  Hyde 
Park,  therefore,  from  such  points  as  Kenwood,  Woodlawn,  etc.,  this  particu- 
lar seel  ion  is  called  "  Hyde  Park  Center."  In  1861,  when  the  town  of  Hyde 
Park  was  incorporated,  there  were  350  persons  living  in  the  town,  seventy- 
one  of  whom  were  voters.  The  census  of  1870  showed  a  population  in  the 
whole  town  of  3,644;  in  1880  there  were  15,724;  in  1885  there  were  triple  the 
number  shown  in  1880,  and  in  1890  there  were  fully  90,000  people  living  in 
what  was  in  1889  the  largest  village  in  the  world,  village  government  hav- 
ing been  adopted  in  1872.  The  village  hall,  located  on  Lake  ave.  near  Fifty- 
third  street,  made  Hyde  Park  Center  the  social  as  well  as  political  center  of 
the  whole  town.  To  tell  the  full  story  of  Hyde  Park  Center  it  would  be 
necessary  to  tell  the  story  of  the  old  town  and  village  of  Hyde,  which  by 
annexation  became  a  part  of  Chicago  in  1889.  Until  1852  those  forty-eight 
square  miles  lying  along  the  lake  shore  south  of  Thirty-ninth  st.  and  east  of 
State  street,  extending  south  to  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth  street,  lay  a 
sterile  waste,  with  scarcely  an  inhabitant.  The  early  growth  of  Hyde  Park 
was  exceedingly  slow,  increasing  at  the  rate  of  about  one  family  per  year 
for  the  first  ten  years.  Hassan  A.  Hopkins,  the  first  collector  of  the  town, 
kept  a  general  store  in  a  shanty,  ten  feet  square,  until  1868,  when  he  built  the 
store  which  is  still  standing  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Lake  avenue  and 
Fifty-first  street.  Dr.  W.  S.  Johnson,  the  first  Homceopathist  in  town,  had 
his  office  in  the  upper  story.  Dr.  J.  Ramsey  Flood,  the  first  Allopathist, 
•was  already  on  the  ground.  The  first  church  was  built  in  1858,  and  stood 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  Lake  avenue  and  Fifty-third  street.  It  was  first 
used  by  believers  of  all  denominations.  In  I860  it  was  deeded  by  Mr.  Cor- 
nell to  the  Presbyterians.  In  1870  a  new  church  building  was  dedicated  on 
the  site  where  now  stands  a  still  newer  and  larger  place  of  worship,  dedicated 
in  the  year  1890.  The  history  of  this  church  is  the  history  of  the  people 
of  the  Center  in  the  early  days.  To-day  all  the  denominations  have  large 
societies  and  church  edifices  of  their  own.  The  Methodists  occupy  an  impos- 
ing granite-front  temple  on  Fifty-fourth  street,  the  Catholics  have  a  new 
church  on  Kimbirk  avenue,  and  the  Episcopalians  a  chapel  on  Washington 
avenue.  The  first  public  school  was  erected  in  the  year  1863,  at  Monroe 


460  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

avenue  and  Fifty-fourth  street.  The  people  of  Hyde  Park  have  always 
taken  great  pride  in  the  public  schools,  and  commencement  season 
is  still  looked  forward  to,  by  all  the  members  of  every  household,  as 
a  matter  of  personal  interest.  Leslie  Lewis  has  been  superintendent 
of  schools  since  1875.  and  is  still  retained  by  the  city.  The  water 
supply  since  1882  has  been  better  than  that  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  Hyde  Park 
having  water  works  of  its  own  worth  over  half  a  million  of  dollars.  There  are 
three  large  social  clubs  at  Hyde  Park  Center.  [See  Hyde  Park  Suburban  Club, 
Park  Club  and  Chicago  Cycling  Club.]  Hyde  Park  Center  has  a  large  hotel, 
and  several  others  are  contemplated.  Rosalie  Music  Hall,  Fifty-seventh  street 
and  Rosalie  court,  is  the  place  where  all  the  public  entertainments  and  meet- 
ings are  held.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  700.  So  closely  connected  and 
blended  with  the  Center  are  Madison  Park,  orFiftiethstreet,  and  South  Park, 
or  Fifty-seventh  street,  that  a  separate  consideration  of  them  would  be  diffi- 
cult,as  they  are  identified  with  theCeHterin  all  essential  interests.  South  Park 
Station  was  formerly  called  Woodpile,  when  Charles  A.  Norton  settkd  in  its 
vicinity,  in  1863.  It  was  so  named  because  of  the  pile  of  wood  which  stood 
there  as  fuel  for  the  locomotives.  Mr.  Norton  had  the  name  changed  to 
Woodville,  and  afterwards,  when  the  bill  creating  the  South  Park  system  was 
passed,  in  1869,  it  was  again  changed  to  South  Park.  A  $3,000  depot  now 
marks  the  spot  where  the  woodpile  formerly  stood. 

Irving  Park. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  6^  miles  from  the  city.  The  village  was  platted 
and  laid  out  when  Chicago  was  young,  and  only  such  sites  as  possessed 
great  natural  beauty  and  advantages  were  chosen  for  suburban  residences. 
Irving  Park  has  a  population  of  about  3,000  people.  The  original  found- 
ers were  all  American-born  people,  and  nearly  all  the  population  at  the 
present  time  is  of  that  nationality.  They  have  one  of  the  finest  graded  pub- 
lic schools  in  Cook  county,  and  the  Jefferson  high  school  is  only  ten  blocks 
from  this  at  Montrose.  It  is  natural  that  such  a  homogeneous  collection  of 
people  should  develop  the  social  life,  and  many  are  the  pleasures  which  draw 
the  Irving  Parkite  from  his  cozy  fireside  to  the  glowing  grate  of  his  neighbor. 
Besides  these  parlor  associations,  this  place  is  the  home  of  many  flourishing 
secret  societies.  The  Irving  Park  Hall  Association  was  formed  in  1890 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $15,000,  and  has  erected  a  building  which  contains  an 
auditorium  that  accommodates  600  people,  a  lodge  room,  a  library,  etc.  There 
are  some  beautiful  residences  in  the  suburb. 

Itaska. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  21 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Jefferson  Park. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  9  miles  from  theCity  Hall.  A  very  attractive  suburb. 

Joliet. — Situated  on  the  main  line  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  and 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroads,  39  miles  southwest  of  the  city.  It 
Is  also  reached  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka&Sante  Fe,  the  Michigan  Central,  the 
Elgin,  Joliet  &  Eastern,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  and  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  railroads,  all  of  which  contribute  largely  to  the  traffic 
of  the  city.  The  place  has  grown  in  population  from  11,000  in  1880  to  27,407 
in  1890.  This  does  not  include  the  prosperous  suburbs,  which  are  in  reality  a 
part  of  the  city,  which  would  swell  the  population  to  at  least  35,000.  The 
completion  of  the  belt  line,  known  as  the  Elgin,  Joliet  &  Eastern  railroad — 
extending  from  Waukegan,  111.,  on  the  north  lake  shore  to  the  Baltimore  & 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  461 

Ohio  railroad  on  the  south  lake  shore — gives  to  Joliet  very  superior  advan- 
tages as  regards  connections  and  freight  rates.  Of  the  130,000  miles  of  rail- 
road in  the  country  Joliet  is  directly  connected  with  110,000  miles.  This  city 
also  has  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal,  "which,  it  is  presumed,  will  be 
enlarged  to  a  ship  canal  at  an  early  date,  connecting  the  Mississippi  with  the 
lakes.  The  freight  tonnage  from  Joliet  is  enormous.  [See  Illinois  Steel 
Company.]  Lying  in  close  proximity  to  the  city  of  Joliet  are  the  stone  quar- 
ries, covering  on  the  surf  ace  over  1,000  acres  of  ground  and  extending  to  an 
average  depth  of  twenty -six  feet.  [See  Great  Industries.]  The  wire  industry 
has  assumed  gigantic  proportions,  nine  firms  being  engaged  in  it.  Wire  is 
manufactured  from  home-made  rods,  and  the  best  quality  of  fence  and  .other 
wire  produced,  the  capital  invested  being  $750,000;  theannualproduct,  33,500 
tons,  worth  $2,500,000.  Several  hundred  men  are  employed  in  this  depart- 
ment, and  $600,000  paid  annually  to  them.  As  good  an  evidence  of  the  enter- 
prise and  progressive  tendency  of  the  city  of  Joliet  as  any,  is  the  character  of 
the  public  buildings  that  have  been  erected  .in  the  last  ten  years,  prominent 
among  which  are  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  building, 
which  cost  $40,000,  and  includes  a  grand  gymnasium  and  library 
hall — the  buildiug  presents  an  exceptionally  imposing  appearance 
for  one  of  its  character;  the  Richards  Street  Methodist  church,  which  cost 
$30,000,  and  the  Christ  Episcopal  church,  which  cost  $35,000,  and  the  grand 
Masonic  temple,  whose  corner-stone  was  laid  June  12,  1890.  At  Joliet  is 
located  the  Northern  Illinois  penitentiary  [See  State  Institutions.] 

Kenosha,  Wis. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railway,  5\%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  celebrated  sum- 
mer resort.  There  are  medical  springs,  fine  hotels,  handsome  private  houses, 
beautiful  grounds  and,  in  the  season,  ihousands  of  pleasure  and  health-seek- 
ers to  be  found  here.  Population,  1890,  6,529 

Kensington  (One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth  St.). — Situated  on  the  Illinois 
Central  railroajl,  15  miles  from  the  Citj  Hall.  A  prosperous  town,  with  large 
railroad  interests. 

Kenwood. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railway,  between  Forty-third 
and  Fifty-seventh  sts.,  within  the  city  limits  and  having  no  well-defined  boun- 
daries. The  "  Kenwood  "  station  is  at  the  foot  of  Forty-seventh  st.  The 
name  is  merely  local,  and  the  district  is  in  reality  a  part  of  Hyde  Park.  It 
has  no  separate  government,  nor  is  it  distinguished  even  as  a  postoffice,  but  in 
this  respect  is  simply  recognized  as  a  section  of  the  city,  like  its  immediate 
neighbors,  "  Douglas,"  "  Oakland  "  and  "Madison  Park."  As  distinctive 
suburbs  or  villages  these  places  have  long  since  lost  their  individuality.  Yet 
Kenwood  is  an  important  district  in  the  estimation  of  the  people  and  one  of 
the  most  fashionable  in  the  city.  The  man  to  see  the  future  of  that  long  strip 
of  sand  along  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  extending  from  Thirty-ninth  st. 
to  the  Indiana  State  line,  was  Paul  Cornell.  In  1852  Mr.  Cornell  bought  300 
acres  of  land  on  the  lake  shore.  He  conveyed  sixty  acres  to  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral railroad  upon  the  company's  agreement  to  run  three  trains  daily  to  the 
station  at  Fifty-sixth  st.  The  trains  were  started  June  1,  1856.  In  1858  the 
station  was  moved  to  Fifty-third  st.  There  were  then  only  seven  families  at 
the  Center — those  of  Judge  J.  A.  Jameson,  Warren  S.  Bogue,  Chauncey 
Stickney,  Paul  Cornell,  Dr.  A.  B.  Newkirk,  Charles  Spring,  Sr. ;  Charles 
Sprinp.  Jr.,  and  Dr  Jonathan  A.  Konnicott.  In  1859  Dr.  Kennicott  moved 
to  Madison  ave.  and  Forty-eighth  st.  and  called  his  place  Kenwood,  after 


462  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Kenwood,  near  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  where  his  mother  was  born.  Kenwood 
Club  is  the  social  Mecca  of  Kenwood.  Although  there  is  a  deal  of  enter- 
taining at  private  houses,  all  the  families  belong  to  the  club,  and  its  weekly 
entertainments  are  always  counted  on  and  allowed  for  on  the  social  calendar. 
There  are  at  present  350  members  of  this  club.  [See  Kenwood  Club.] 
Kenwood  Institute  is  located  here.  [See  Kenwood  Institute.]  Kenwood 
is  bounded  on  the  West  by  that  magnificent  avenue  known  as  "  Drexel  boule- 
vard," and  is  contiguous  to  Washington  Park.  It  is  a  beautiful  section  of 
the  city  and  worthy  of  a  visit.  The  proper  way  to  view  it  is  by  private  con- 
veyance. It  can  be  reached  by  the  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  The  pri- 
vate residences  of  Kenwood  are  among  the  finest  in  the  city.  Among  the 
most  noticeable  mansions  are  those  of  Charles  Counselman, Greenwood  ave. 
and  Fifty-first  St.;  W.  E.  Hale,  Drexel  blvd.  and  Forty-sixth  St.;  Martin  A. 
Ryerson,  Drexel  blvd.  and  Forty-ninth  St.;  William  H.  Burnet,  Kimbark  ave. 
and  Forty-seventh  st.,  and  Dr.  Almon  Brooks,  5653  Lake  ave. 

Lacton.— Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  23 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

LaFox. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway,  40  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  hunters'  rendezvous. 

LaOrange. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad  14 
miles  from  the  city  hall,  and  6  miles  from  the  city  limits,  is  the  largest  subur- 
ban town  on  the  line  between  Chicago  and  Aurora,  having  nearly  5,000 
inhabitants.  There  are  two  stations  in  the  village,  one  at  Fifth,  and  the  other 
at  Stone  Avenue.  The  railroad  service  is  of  the  best,  the  distance  from  the 
Union  depot  being  but  27  minutes,  with 42  passenger  trains  a  day,  which  stop 
at  LaGrangc.  This  most  important  feature  of  being  nearer  the  city  hall  in 
point  of  time,  than  most  of  the  aristocratic  residence  districts  within  the  city, 
has  been  one  of  the  principal  elements  in  the  development  of  LaGrange.  The 
town  has  large  water  works  and  electric  light  systems,  and  every  house  is 
fully  supplied  with  all  city  conveniences.  Lying  as  it  does,  66  feet  above 
lake  datum,  every  portion  of  the  village  is  given  a  most  healthful  and  sani- 
tary location,  which  has  been  rendered  the  more  secure  by  the  completion  at 
great  expense  of  an  unusually  fine  drainage  and  sewerage  system.  Unlike 
most  suburban  towns,  LaGrauge  has  a  large  commercial  interest.  There  are 
a  number  of  fine  business  blocks  and  well  stocked  store  sot  all  kinds.  So  sharp 
is  competition  in  all  lines  of  business,  that  the  people  of  LaGrange  are  enabled 
to  buy  goods  at  Chicago  prices  This,  together  with  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
large  farming  community  to  supply,  makes  business  in  LaGrange  lively  and 
flourishing.  Added  to  all  this  LaGrange  is,  as  its  inhabitants  love  to  call  it, 
the  "  Garden  spot  of  Cook  county."  It  is,  as  it  were,  an  oasis  in  the  prairie. 
Double  rows  of  shade  trees  lining  either  side  of  the  streets,  and  almost  hiding 
the  houses  from  view,  are  its  greatest  beauty  and  attraction.  Evergreen 
hedges  and  artistic  shrubbery  abound,  lending  beauty  and  effect.  LaGrange 
is  far  famed  for  the  wealth  of  its  stately  elms  and  graceful  maples,  which 
make  its  drives  and  walks  the  artist's  joy.  The  social  features  of  LaGrange. 
its  cultivated  society,  and  the  fraternal  and  enterprising  spirit  of  its  citizens, 
and  the  active  support  given  the  six  prosperous  churches  (which  include  all  the 
principal  denominations)  together  with  the  exceptional  educational  advan- 
tages furnished  through  its  high  schools  and  graded  gramrner  schools  offer- 
ing every  opportunity  to  the  young,  are  great  inducements  to  those  seeking 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  463 

ideal  homes.  The  architectural  designs  of  the  houses  are  pleasing  and  varied. 
Many  of  the  houses  give  evidence  of  wealth,  and  the  majority  bespeak  for 
their  owner's  comfortable  circumstances.  LaGrange  Park  is  beautifully 
situated  near  the  village  on  the  banks  of  the  Des  Plaines  river,  and  should 
be  visited  by  all  desiring  pretty  scenery,  and  recreation  in  a  beautiful  dell. 

LaVergne. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  10^ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  small  suburb. 

Lake. — Situated  on  the  Michigan  Central  railroad,  85  miles  from  the  City 
Hall. 

Lake  Bluff. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  30*4  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  place  is  con: 
ducted  after  the  manner  of  Chautauqua.  During  the  summer  there  are 
frequent  gatherings  of  religious,  temperance  and  literary  people  on  the  beau 
tiful  heights  which  overlook  Lake  Michigan.  There  are  splendid  hotel 
accommodations  here. 

Lake  Forest. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railroad,  28^J  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan.  The  early  history  of  the  ground  which  it  covers  is  full  of 
Indian  romance,  and  associated  with  events  of  great  importance  in  connection 
with  the  settlement  of  the  West.  The  forces  of  General  Scott  marched  along 
this  territory  and  pitched  their  tents  beneath  the  leafy  expanse  of  the  forest 
during  the  Black  Hawk  War  of  1831.  It  was  at  that  time  that  the  famous  old 
warrior  had  his  soldiers  remove  the  underbrush  and  blaze  the  trees,  thus  con- 
structing the  first  roadway  from  Chicago  to  Green  Bay.  It  was  then  tortuous 
and  uncertain  in  its  course.  It  still  remains  the  highway  to  the  west  of  the 
railroad,  and  is  called  the  Green  Bay  or  old  Waukegan  road.  Of  the  later 
history  of  Lake  Forest  few  of  its  inhabitants,  it  is  safe  to  say,  have  an  ade- 
quate knowledge.  Like  Evanston,  the  town  owes  its  beginning  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  university.  Unlike  Evanston,  the  university  once  established 
did  not  tiecome  the  life  of  the  town,  nor  has  it  in  any  way  been  responsible 
for  its  growth.  [See  Lake  Forest  University.]  Of  Lake  Forest  much 
might  be  said.  Its  natural  beauties  are  such  as  can  be  appreciated  only  when 
seen.  Imagine  yourself  on  a  bluff  which  rises  abruptly  from  the  water's 
edge  to  a  height  of  100  or  more  feet.  To  the  east  is  the  broad  expanse  of  blue 
water.  North  and  south,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  is  nothing  to  obstruct 
the  view.  Turning  around  and  looking  westward  the  scene  changes.  Along 
the  bluff  and  close  to  its  precipitous  descent  are  magnificent  dwellings,  sur- 
rounded by  spacious  lawns,  adorned  with  luxuriant  flower  beds.  A  few  steps 
to  the  westward  and  the  lake  is  hidden  from  view.  You  are  in  the  midst  of 
as  beautiful  a  forest  of  trees  aa  you  have  ever  seen.  At  one  time  it  must 
have  been  well-nigh  impenetrable.  Only  a  sufficient  number  of  trees  have 
been  removed  to  allow  of  building  and  beautifying. 

Lakeside. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railroad,  17J^  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  new  and  pretty  suburb. 

Lake  Villa. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  51^ 
miles  from  the  City.Hall.  Here  is  located  a  magnificent  summer  resort  hote^ 
erected  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Lehman,  of  this  city.  It  is  the  point  at  which  many 
.of  the  Fox  Lake  pleasure-seekers  stop,  or  leave  the  road  for  the  beautiful 
lakes  in  this  vicinity. 


464  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Lemont. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  railroad,  25^£  miles 
from  the  City  Hall.  Immense  building  stone  quarries  are  operated  here. 
[See  Great  Industries.] 

Libertymlle. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  32 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Linden  Park. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  about  6^  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  small  suburb 
•within  the  limits. 

Lisle. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  26  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Lockport. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  and  Chicago, 
Santa  Fe  &  California  railways,  37  miles  from  the  city.  This  is  the  point  at 
which  the  new  drainage  canal  works  will  end,  so  far  as  the  management  of 
the  sanitary  district  of  Chicago  is  concerned.  [See  Drainage  and  Ship 
n»»«1.1 

Lombard. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North 
Western  railway,  20  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Madison  Park  (Fiftieth  Street). — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  rail 
road,  6.13  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

HANDEL. — A  pretty  suburb  on  theJChicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad, 
6  miles  from  the  Court-house.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  Harrison 
st.  and  -Fifth  ave.  This  place  has  grown  in  population  and  importance  lately. 
R.  W.  Hyman,  Jr.,  &  Co.,  184  Dearborn  st.,  are  agents  for  property  at  Man 
del,  and  will  give  intending  purchasers  all  necessary  information 

Manhattan. — Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railway,  40 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Maple  Park. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  50^  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Maplewood. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  4^  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Marley. — Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railway,  30  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Matteson. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  28J£  miles  from  the 
City  Hall. 

Maynird. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St. Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad,  near 
Joliet  crossing,  32  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Maywood. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railway,  10  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Maywood  is  the  chief  village  of 
the  township  of  Proviso,  and  is  quite  a  manufacturing  town.  The  Des- 
plaiues  river  flows  along  its  entire  eastern  boundary,  and  the  town  site  is 
twenty-five  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river  and  seventy  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  lake.  Its  history  goes  back  twenty  years,  when  the 
site  of  the  town  was  a  trackless  prairie  and  was  known  as  the  Niles  farm. 
The  Desplaines  river  adds  greatly  to  the  natural  beauty  of  the  place. 
Its  course  at  this  point  is  winding.  Its  banks  on  either  side  are  undulating 
and  well  wooded.  The  stream  is  deep  enough  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  to 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  465 

admit  of  boating.  The  town  itself  gives  one  the  impression  of  a  miniature 
forest  in  the  center  of  a  broad  expanse  of  prairie.  The  trees  planted  over 
twenty  years  ago  have  matured  and  now  lend  their  shade  and  attractiveness 
to  the  streets  and  lawns.  The  educational,  social  and  religious  advantages 
of  the  place  have  made  May  wood  a  very  popular  suburb. 

McCaffrey. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  11  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Melroae. — Sitnated  just  west  of  Maywood  on  the  Galena  division  of  the 
Chicago  &  North- Western  railway,  about  ten  and  a  quarter  miles  from  the 
City  Hall. 

Millers.  —Situated  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  railway,  30 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Mokena. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway,  80 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Monee. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  34J^  miles  from  the 
City  Hall. 

Mont  Clare. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  10 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Montrose.— Situated  at  the  crossing  of  two  double  track  main  line  rail- 
ways, at  the  junction  of  the  Evanston  cut-off  and  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  and  West  Chicago  Bolt  line,  7^  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The 
town  was  founded  in  the  fall  of  1870,  just  one  year  before  the  great  Chicago 
fire,  the  railway  companies  being  interested  in  its  early  formation.  Montrose 
is  delightfully  located.  It  is  the  exact  geographical  center  of  the  town  of 
Jefferson,  May  fair  postoflice  being  the  central  distributing  point  tor  the  sur- 
rounding settlements.  It  is  fifty  feet  above  the  lake  and  thirty  feet  above  the 
north  branch  of  the  Chicago  river,  which  affords  splendid  drainage,  and  like 
many  others  of  the  older  suburbs  it  is  fast  ripening  into  a  most  beautiful  place 
by  the  growth  of  the  trees  which  were  set  out  by  its  founders. 

Moreland. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  and  North- 
Western  railway,  about  6  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  pleasant  little  hamlet 
within  the  limits. 

Morgan  Park. — A  suburb  of  2,500  inhabitants,  including  many  represent- 
ative business  men  of  Chicago.  It  is  thirteen  miles  from  the  Court-house",  and 
is  just  outside  the  city  limits,  which  form  its  northein  and  eastern  boundaries. 
By  being  outside  the  city  it  controls  its  own  improvements,  keeps  out  the 
-saloons  and  escapes  city  taxes.  Situated  upon  the  highest  part  of  the  famous 
Blue  Island  Ridge,  which  is  in  marked  contrast  to  the  surrounding  level  land, 
it  has  an  elevation  of  100  feet  above  Lake  Michigan,  and  commands  a  view  of 
the  whole  surrounding  country.  On  account  of  the  elevation,  the  broken 
character  of  the  land  and  the  profusion  of  shade  trees,  it  has  natural  beauties 
unsurpassed  by  any  land  in  Cook  county.  While  Morgan  Park  is  essentially 
a  residence  suburb,  it  is  the  geographical  centre  of  the  great  industrial  region 
of  Calumet,  which  comprises  South  Chicago,  Harvey,  Pullman,  West  Pull- 
man, and  many  other  manufacturing  districts.  Morgan  Park  is,  therefore, 
not  only  available  to  the  men  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  in  the  business 
portion  of  Chicago,  but  is  the  natural  residence  locality  for  the  whole  Calumet 
region,  which  is  probably  developing  more  rapidly  than  any  other  manufac- 
turing and  industrial  community  in  the  world. 


466  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

A  notable  feature  of  Morgan  Park  is  its  educational  institutions.  The 
University  of  Chicago,  which  will  open  next  October,  has  located  its  prepara- 
tory school  at  this  point.  It  has  absorbed  the  Baptist  Theological  School  and 
the  Illinois  Military  Academy,  and  will  spend  $150,000  in  erecting  additional 
buildings.  The  University  is  richly  endowed,  and  expects  within  a  few  j'ears 
to  rival  the  oldest  and  best  universities  in  the  East.  The  Chicago  Female 
College  at  Morgan  Park  is  a  young  ladies'  school  of  the  first  order.  It  is 
taxed  constantly  to  the  limit  of  its  capacity  The  Quakers  are  at  present 
negotiating,  with  every  prospect  of  success,  for  ground  at  Morgan  Park  on 
which  to  build  a  $40,000  school,  and  establish  a  general  headquarters  for  the 
society  throughout  the  United  States.  In  addition  to  the  colleges  there  are 
excellent  public  schools,  and  a  handsome  public  library,  well  stocked  with 
choice  books. 

Morgan  Park  has  already  four  churches,  namely,  Baptist,  Methodist, 
Episcopal  and  Congregational.  The  Presbyterians  are  endeavoring  at  present 
to  raise  money  to  build  them  a  suitable  place  of  worship. 

The  water  and  sewer  systems  are  excellent.  All  the  dwellings  are  sup- 
plied with  water  from  two  artesian  wells,  which  have  a  capacity  far  in  excess 
of  the  present  demand.  The  sanitary  conditions  are  unexcelled.  The  eleva- 
tion of  the  land  affords  perfect  drainage,  with  no  possibility  of  malarial  dis- 
eases incident  to  flat  localities  with  imperfect  sewerage. 

The  railroad  accommodations  are  good,  and  are  improving  each  year. 
Both  the  main  line  and  the  branch  of  the  Rock  Island  road  pass  through  Mor- 
gan Park,  and  run  eighteen  trains  a  day  each  way.  The  New  Chicago  Central 
road,  which  has  just  been  completed  and  will  be  in  operation  as  soon  as  spring 
opens,  belongs  to  the  Northern  Pacific  system,  and  is  a  double-track  suburban 
road  of  the  first  order.  Through  a  combination  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
Chicago  Central  and  Rock  Island  railroads,  Morgan  Park  will  have  a  direct 
connection  with  the  World's  Fairgrounds  during  the  Exposition.  In  addition 
there  are  three  projected  electric  roads  which  will  connect  Morgan  Park  with 
the  surrounding  suburbs.  It  is  also  extremely  probable  that  the  South  Side 
elevated  railroad  will  be  extended  to  Morgan  Park.  The  present  railroad  fare 
to  the  city  is  9  7-10  cents  a  ride  on  a  commutation  ticket. 

Morgan  Park  has  passed  the  experimental  stage,  and  has  entered  upon  an 
era  of  prosperous  growth.  During  the  last  year  there  were  built  over  fifty 
new  residences,  two  handsome  business  blocks  and  two  new  depots.  Another 
business  block,  to  cost  over  $70,000,  is  now  being  built  and  will  be  completed 
about  the  1st  of  May.  The  town'board  has  recently  passed  an  ordinance,  and 
the  first  of  the  contracts  have  been  let,  for  over  ten  miles  of  street  improve- 
ments, comprising  water,  sewer  and  macadam.  These  improvements  will 
complete  the  drainage  and  paving  systems  of  Morgan  Park,  and  will  form  the 
most  perfect  system  of  street  improvements  of  any  suburb  of  Chicago. 

The  prices  of  property  are  low.  They  have  kept  pace  with  the  growth 
and  development  of  the  suburb,  but  have  not  been  inflated  by  any  unhealthy 
boom.  The  rapid  advance  will  come  this  year,  owing  to  the  large  number  oi 
buildings  completed  hast  season  and  the  greater  number  to  be  built  this  year, 
the  extensive  street  improvements,  the  opening  of  the  new  college  and  the 
completion  of  the  new  railroad. 

Morton  Park. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 
6}£  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Its  history  dates  back  to  1888,  and  the  town 
owes  its  origin  to  a  syndicate  which  purchased  the  land,  and  has  spared  no 
expense  in  making  it  a  delightful  place.  Prominent  among  the  syndicate 
were  P.  B.  Weare,  John  Cudahy,  James  E.  Booge,  John  H.  Hurlbut,  O.  F. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  467 

Wolf  and  C.  C.  Rubins.  It  is  twenty:tbrec  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake, 
and  trees  of  all  kinds  have  been  planted  which  will  in  time  give  ample  shade 
to  the  streets.  The  town  took  its  name  from  ex-Governor  Morton,  of 
Nebraska.  For  so  young  a  suburb  Morton  Park  is  provided  with  more  than 
the  usual  amount  of  improvements.  All  the  streets  arc,  macadamized  and  con- 
nected with  thecity  gassystem  Its  elevation  is  such  as  to  make  the  drainage 
problem  an  easy  one.  Its  contiguity  to  the  business  portion  of  the  city  and 
the  excellent  suburban  service  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  road 
are  two  things  that  add  to  the  popularity  of  the  town. 

Mount  Forest. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  railroad,  16% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Mount  Greenwood. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway, 
16%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Mount  Prospect. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  and 
North- Western  railway,  20  miles  from  thu  City  Hall. 

Napermlle. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railway,  30 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  was  the  nearest  settlement  to  Chicago  ia  1830. 
Mr.  Stepheu  Scott,  afterward  a  banker  of  the  place,  settled  therein  that  year. 
During  the  following  two  years  a  number  of  families  arrived  by  way  of  the 
lakes,  passing  through  Chicago.  Among  them  was  a  Mr  Naper,  for  whom 
the  town  was  named.  At  that  time  a  number  of  the  immigrants  viewed  the  site 
of  Chicago  with  disfavor,  and  really  believed  that  Naperville  would  grow  to 
be  the  more  important  place  of  the  two.  Mr.  H.  W.  Knickerbocker  settled 
in  the  village  in  1833.  The  place  did  not  grow  as  was  expected  but  it  has 
been  for  many  years  the  center  of  a  settlement  of  sturdy  yeomen,  and  among 
its  citizens  are  many  of  the  pioneers  of  Illinois.  It  is  now  a  beautiful 
suburb  of  Chicago;  has  a  number  of  handsome  mansions,  charming  grounds 
and  other  attractions. 

New  Lenox. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway,  34 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Normal  Park.  —  Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Erie  railway,  7  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Here  isjiocated  the  Cook  County  Normal  School  for  the  education 
of  school  teachers.* 

North  Evamton. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railway,  13  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  part  of  the  suburb 
of  Evanston. 

Norwood. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  10%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Oak  Glen. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  17 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Oakland  (Thirty-ninth  st.). — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railway, 
4.59  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Oak  Lawn. — Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railway,  14 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Oak  Park. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  8%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  One  of  the  most  beautiful 
suburbs  Ij'ing  to  the  west.  There  are  many  elegant  houses  and  handsome 
churches  here.  The  avenues  of  the  village  are  shaded  by  trees  and  the  lawns 
present  a  delightful  appearance  in  the  summer. 


408  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Oak  Woods. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  9J^  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  [See  Oak  Woods  Cemetery.] 

Orchard  Place. — Situated  on  the  Cliicjgo  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
20%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Orland.-  -Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railway,  23  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Palatine. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  27  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  An  old  and  handsome  suburb. 

Park  Ridge. — Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  13%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Park  Side  (Seventieth  st.). — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  8% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Pine. — Situated  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  railway,  22% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Prairie  View. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  34% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Prospect  Park. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  22%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Pullman  (One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  st.). — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral railroad,  13%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  [See  Pullman,  under  heading 
"  Great  Industries.  '] 

Racine,  Wis. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway ,  68  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  large  and  prosperous 
town.  Manufactures  of  various  kinds  are  carried  on  here.  The  town  is 
beautifully  located  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Population,  1890, 
21,022. 

Ravcnswood. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  5  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Its  contiguity  to  the  city 
makes  it  a  very  desirable  residence  suburb  for  Chicago  people  whose  business 
demands  their  close  attention.  The  town  had  its  origin  in  the  formation  of  a 
syndicate  organized  in  1868;  L.  A.  Willard.  Martin  Van  Ajlen,  Judge  G.  M. 
Wilson,  D.  A.  Jones,  S.  Hodges,  C.  P.  Leland,  C.  T.  Brown,  A.  F.  Seer- 
berger  and  M.  Ladel  being  its  principal  promoters.  The  town  was  named 
after  a  village  in  New  Jersey.  Ravenswood  has  nothing  in  its  history  to  par- 
ticularly distinguish  it  from  other  suburban  towns.  Until  1886  it  gave  no 
promise  of  becoming  so  populous  and  popular  a  suburb.  But  few  houses 
were  built  by  the  syndicate.  Mr.  Leland  was  at  that  time  auditor  of  the 
Michigan  Southern  and  Northern  Indiana  roads,  and  through  him  scores  of 
lots  were  sold  to  the  employes  of  the  road.  M-iny  of  them  had  hardly  settled 
there  when  they  were  compelled  to  move  The  road  consolidated  with  the 
Lake  Shore  and  the  general  offices  were  moved  to  Cleveland,  Ohio.  This 
depopulated  the  town  and  it  became  a  veritable  "  deserted  village."  Follow- 
ing closely  came  the  panic  of  1873,  leaving  it  deader  than  ever.  It  remained 
so  until  the  country  intervening  filled  up  and  the  city  expanded.  Annexation 
did  wonders  for  Ravenswood.  Since  that  eventful  time  the  town  has  been 
given  most  all  the  modern  improvements.  Every  street  has  been  macada 
mized  and  presents  a  broad,  pleasant  and  shad y  thoroughfare.  The  town  has 
been  connected  with  the  Lake  View  gas  system.  The  Lake  View  High  School 
is  located  at  the  southeast  corner  of  the  town.  It  is  one  of  the  completest 


c.  7. 

s  o  r 


N  H  •! 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  469 

schools  in  outfit  and  thoroughness  of  training  in  the  country.  Besides  this 
there  are  two  excellent  graded  schools.  Four  denominations  have  found 
homes  in  Ravenswood  and  have  built  fine  houses  of  worship.  In  1882  the 
citizens  formed  a  public  library  association  and  built  a  two-story,  plain  stone, 
library  building.  It  now  contains  a  well-selected  library,  which  is  open  to 
the  public  every  evening.  There  is  a  hall  in  the  building  that  is  used  for 
public  entertainments. 

Ravinia. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &~North- 
Western  railroad,  21^  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Redesdale. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  40  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Rfwdes. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  13>£  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Richton. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  29^  miles  from  the 
City  Hall. 

tiidgdand. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  about  8  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  is  a  charming 
suburb  and  one  that  is  growing  rapidly. 

Rioerdale. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburg  railroad,  20 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

River  Forest. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western and  the  Wisconsin  Central  railways,  beside  the  Desplaines  river,  9 
miles  west  of  the  City  Hall;  founded  about  1855.  In  1860  the  first  school- 
house  was  erected  and  Miss  Prances  Willard  was  made  teacher.  Through  her 
instrumentality  a  Sunday-school  was  established,  which  resulted  in  the  organ- 
ization of  a  church  society  and  the  building  of  a  Methodist  church.  In  1889, 
the  town  attracted  the  attention  of  home-seekers  and  since  then  it  has  grown 
rapidly.  Population,  1890,  about,  1,000.  The  location  is  a  beautiful  and 
healthful  one,  eighty  feet  above  the  lake.  It  is  literally  a  town  built  in  a 
forest.  Not  only  are  the  streets  made  inviting  by  the  double  rows  of  elms  and 
oaks,  but  the  houses  are  almost,  without  exception,  hidden  from  view  by  forest 
trees,  some  of  them  four  feet  in  diameter.  A  complete  system  of  sewerage 
has  been  put  in  and  all  the  streets  are  paved  with  Lombard  gravel.  Most  of 
the  streets  are  eighty  feet  wide,  but  River  Forest  has  seven  avenues  running 
east  and  west  that  are  100  feet  wide,  for  the  distance  of  one  mile.  The  build- 
ing lines  are  strictly  adhered  to  and  iiot  a  house  but  is  set  back  eighty  feet 
from  the  road. 

Rioer  Rirk. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  15J£ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Riverside. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  and 
beside  the  Desplaines  river,  12^£  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  charming  of  Chicago's  suburbs.  It  was  laid  out  on  the  "Improve- 
ment Plan  "  just  before  the  financial  panic  of  1873;  Mr.  David  Gage,  at  the 
time  treasurer  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  and  a  number  of  prominent  capitalists 
being  interested  in  the  enterprise.  Avenues,  sewered  and  paved  with  asphal- 
tum,  wound  in  semi-circles  and  serpentine  curves  through  the  virgin  forest. 
Gas  and  water  works  were  provided.  A  number  of  handsome  mansions  were 
erected,  and  it  was  part  of  the  general  plan  that  no  residences  costing  less 
than  $25,000  should  be  built,  in  the  suburb.  The  panic  came,  however,  before 
the  investment  began  to  make  returns;  Mr.  Gage  was  discovered  to  be  short 


470  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

in  his  accounts  with  the  city,  and  stock  in  the  Riverside  Company  became  a 
drug  in  the  market.  About  the  same  time,  rumors  to  the  effect  that  River- 
side was  troubled  with  malaria  were  current,  and  many  of  those,  who  had 
taken  up  their  residence  there,  deserted  their  homes  and  moved  back  to  the 
city.  The  grand  hotel  was  allowed  to  remain  unoccupied,  as  were  the  hand- 
some residences,  for  years.  Decay  set  in.  The  gas  works  were  dismantled, 
and,  until  1880,  property  at  Riverside  could  be  bought  for  a  song.  About 
that  time,  however,  a  new  movement  in  the  direction  of  the  beautiful  suburb 
set  in,  and  since  then  the  place  has  more  than  recovered  from  its  set-back. 
Many  prominent  and  wealthy  citizens  of  Chicago  now  reside  there.  The 
location  is  picturesque  and  has  proved  to  be  perfectly  healthful. 

Rockefeller. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  40^ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Romeo. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Santa  Fe  &  California  railway,  41% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Rosalind. — Roseland  joins  Pullman  at  Indiana  ave.  (See  birds-eye-view). 
It  was  one  of  the  lirst  settlements  west  of  Lake  Calumet,  being  originally  an 
agricultural  community.  It  was  known  as  "The  Holland  Settlement," 
and  the  appellation  fitted  to  a  charm,  as  its  first  settlers  were  sturdy,  indus- 
trious immigrants  from  the  vicinity  of  Rotterdam  and  Amsterdam,  who 
arrived  in  1848.  The  post-office  was  originally  called  Hope  post-office,  but  in 
1873  it  was  changed  to  Roseland.  The  location  was  excellent  and  under  the 
efforts  of  the  sober,  industrious  settlers  the  little  colony  flourished.  It  also 
continued  to  receive  accretions  from  Holland.  The  colonists  established  a 
church  and  a  school-house  and  pursued  a  peaceful  existence  without  exciting 
incident  for  many  years.  Along  in  the  "70's"  the  first  subdivision  was 
made.  In  1880  Pullman  was  located,  and  since  that  time  James  II.  Van 
Vlissingen  and  Arthur  Van  Vlissingen  laid  out  the  main  subdivisions, 
and  put  several  hundred  acres  upon  the  market,  initiating  a  movement 
by  which  Roseland  to-day  has  6,000  population  who  enjoy  every  good 
that  city  life  affords,  as  it  was  annexed  to  Chicago  in  November,  1890. 
The  geography  of  the  region  makes  Roseland  the  home  of  the  artisan.  He 
is  attracted  by  a  double  magnet — work  at  the  adjacent  huge  manufactories 
and  a  high  and  dry  and  healthy  location  for  a  home,  for  Roseland  offers  a 
combination  rarely  met  with  in  the  Calumet  region — the  manufactory  and 
home  site  siJe  by  side.  Undoubtedly  the  sturdy  Hollanders  knew  what  they 
were  about  when  they  settled  at  Roseland  away  back  in  1848.  Hollanders 
are  generally  supposed  to  take  kindly  to  low  ground.  Perhaps  they  desired 
a  change;  at  any  rate  they  picked  out  almost  the  highest  land  in  the  region 
for  miles  around,  for  Roseland  is  situated  on  a  north  and  south  ridge  about  a 
mile  west  of  the  shore  of  Calumet  lake.  The  country  between  Lake  Michigan 
and  L-ike  Calumet  is  very  low,  but  the  land  on  the  western  sliore  of  Lake  Calu- 
met rises  steadily  and  suddenly  at  Roseland  loan  elevation  of  thirty  feet;  quite 
a  respectable  altitude  for  Chicago,  which  is  scoffed  at  by  some  jealous  critics 
as  bcina;  "flat  as  a  pancake."  A  survey  of  the  map  enforces  the  proposition 
by  no  means  a  new  one,  that  the  future  of  this  district,  lying  to  the  west  of 
Calumet  Lake,  is  more  promising  than  that  of  any  other  locality  in  the  whole 
Calumet  region.  Not  only  has  nature  been  lavish,  but,  situated  as  Roseland 
is,  on  the  great  thoroughfares  leading  direct  from  the  heart  of  Chicago — State 
and  Halsted  streets  among  others — it  is  in  the  direct  line  of  future  elevated, 
cable  and  electric  roads.  In  fact  several  pro jected"L" roads  run  through  this 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  471 

territory.  It  is  already  splendidlj  equipped  with  railroad  facilities.  On  its 
eastern  border  runsthe  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  with  its  magnificent  suburban 
service.  Almost  through  its  center  run  the  Pau  Handle,  the  Chicago  & 
Eastern  Illinois  and  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroads.  Over  the 
hitter's  tracks  it  makes  connection  just  to  the  north  with  the  Belt  Line,  of  which 
system  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  is  part,  and  thus  with  every  railroad 
entering  Chicago.  Roseland  is  thus  provided  with  both  passenger  and  freight 
facilities  unexcelled.  It  now  has  107  passenger  trains  per  day  to  ar.d  from 
Chicago.  Roseland  has  police  and  fire  protection  and  schools.  There  is  no 
trouble  about  perfect  drainage,  no  expense  for  filling  streets  and  no  special 
assessments  for  cosily  curb  walls.  Every  home  owner  can  have  his  own  cellar. 
Fifteen  thousand  feet  of  watermains  arebeingputin  Roseland  streets,  making 
a  total  of  three  miles.  Contracts  have  been  let  to  commence  the  erection  of 
one  of  the  handsomest  public  schools  in  Chicago,  to  cost  $75,000.  This  school 
will  contain  sixteen  rooms  and  an  assembly  hall,  and  will  be  constructed  of 
pressed  brick  and  stone.  Nowhere  within  the  city  limits  is  there  greater 
activity  in  building  operations  than  at  Roseland.  Thcchurchesaie  as  follows: 
Baptiit,  Swedish  Church,  Dutch  Reformed.  First  Rt formed,  Dutch 
Reformed,  Christian  Reformed,  Dutch  Reformed,  Bethany  Church  (English), 
Evangelical  Lutheran,  German,  Evangelical  Lutheran,  Swedish.  Evangelical 
Free  Church,  Swedish,  Methodist  Episcopal,  Grace  Church,  Presbyterian, 
Roman  Catholic,  Church  of  the  Holy  Rosary,  Roman  Catholic,  St.  Nicholas 
(German),  Roman  Catholic,  St.  Louis  (French),  Bethesda  Norwegian  and 
Danish  Lutheran  Church,  Salvation  Army,  Seventh  Day  Adventists  and  sects 
having  no  church  building. 

Sag  Bridge. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  railroad,  21% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  scene  of  one  of  the  most  dreadful  railroad 
accidents  that  ever  occurred  in  this  State. 

Sherman. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  13J£  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Silver  Lake. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  61)^ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  summer  pleasure  resort. 

South  Chicago. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  and  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroads,  twelve  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  within 
the  limits.  A  great  manufacturing  center.  A  part  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Com- 
pany's works  are  located  here.  There  are  immense  manufactories,  docks, 
etc.,  in  the  vicinity.  [See  Great  Industries.] 

South  EngUwood. — Situated  on  the  Rock  Island  and  the  Eastern  Illinois 
railroads,  between  Eighty  third  and  Ninety-second  sts.,  north  and  south,  and 
Stewart  ave.  and  Robey  st.,  east  and  west.  The  location  of  the  town  has  had 
much  to  do  with  its  rapid  growth.  It  is  practically  a  part  of  the  city  proper, 
its  center  being  the  junction  of  Ashland  ave.  and  Halstedst.  Immense  improve- 
ments have  been  made  during  recent  years.  It  is  well  paved,  sewered  and 
lighted,  and  has  many  elegant  homes  and  business  houses,  schools  and 
churches. 

South  Evanston. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  railway  and  on  the  Evanston  division  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  railway,  eleven  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore 
of  Lake  Michigan.  There  aretwostations,  "  Calvary,"  the  station  for  the  prin- 
cipal Roman  Catholic  Cemetery  of  the  city,  and  South  Evanston  proper.  One 
of  the  prettiest  of  the  suburbs.  It  is  distinct  in  government  and  character  from 
Evanston,  although  the  two  villages  meet  and  mingle  with  each  other,  the 


472  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

line  between  them  being-  simply  Ibe  width  of  a  street.  Unlike  Evanston, 
South  Evanston  has  no  "  institutions,"  the  only  public  building  in  the  place 
being  the  Old  Soldiers'  Home,  now  used  as  a  girls'  industrial  school.  [See 
Training  School  for  Boys  and  Girls.]  It  is  purely  a  village  of  homes. 
South  Evanston  has  a  mile  frontage  on  the  lake,  just  where  the  shore  makes  a 
graceful  bend  toward  the  town.  Situated  thus  it  affords  an  unobstructed 
view  from  any  point.  The  topography  of  the  country  is  such  as  to 
afford  an  excellent  town  site.  Commencing  at  the  lake  shore  the  land 
rises  gradually  and  gracefully  till  it  reaches  an  elevation  of  twenty-five 
feet  at  Chicago  ave.  From  Chicago  ave.  to  Ridgeave.  is  another  rise  of  twenty- 
five  feet.  Had  the  land  been  made  to  order  it  could  not  have  been 
better  suited  for  a  complete  aiid  effective  drainage  system.  In  I&o8 
the  population  of  South  Evanston  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  l,5uU. 
In  1891  it  was  nearly  4,000.  The  late  Gen.  Julius  White  was  the  founder 
of  South  Evanston.  After  the  great  Chicago  fire  the  firm  of  Warren 
Keeney  &  Co.  made  extensive  improvements  in  the  town,  erecting  a  large 
number  of  very  fine  residences  for  which,  at  the  time,  there  was  no  market. 
This  firm  borrowed  money  at  a  high  rate  of  interest  to  maintain  its  invest- 
ments, but  was  finally  compelled  to  surrender  everything.  The  costly  resi- 
dences remained  tenantless  for  a  number  of  years  and  many  of  them  went  to 
ruin.  By  the  time  South  Evanston  took  on  its  new  growth  they  were  too  old- 
fashioned  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  new  residents,  and  they  have  fallen 
into  the  background  or  disappeared  to  make  room  for  the  mare  modern  dwell- 
ings of  the  place.  The  failure  of  the  Warren  Keeney  investment  was  a  ter- 
rible blow  to  the  village,  and  it  did  not  recover  from  it  for  several  years.  It 
has  been  growing,  at  times,  slowly,  but  always  steadily  and  substantially 
since  1880,  and  it  now  ranks  among  the  most  popular  suburbs  on  the  North- 
Western  system.  The  village  has  a  splendid  water  and  sewer  system  ;  its 
streets  are  well  paved,  and  public  improvements  are  constantly  under  way. 
The  water  and  electric  light  plants  are  owned  by  the  village  government, 
which  is  vested  in  a  board  of  trustees.  There  are  four  handsome  churches 
here — Methodist,  Episcopalian,  Presbyterian  and  German  Catholic — and  two 
large  public  school  buildings.  Sheridan  Road  runs  through  the  entire  length 
of  the  town,  and  ample  provision  has  been  made  for  a  beautiful  park  on  the 
lake  shore.  Nearly  all  the  streets  are  eighty  feet  wide  and  the  alleys  twenty. 
The  lots  are  fifty  feet  front  by  from  175  to  200  feet  deep.  The  residences 
are  not  elegant,  but  nearly  all  are  neat  and  comfortable.  [The  village  voted 
to  unite  with  Evanston,  Feb.  20,  1892.  Sic  "  Evanston,  City  of."] 

South  Lawn.  —  Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  and  Chicago  &  Grand" 
Trunk  railways,  23}-£  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

South  Lynnc. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pitlsburg  rail- 
road, 11  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Spring  Bluff. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
North  Western  railway,  45  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Stnne  Wood. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  24  miles  from  the 
City  Hall. 

Stough. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  19>£ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Summerdale. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  Ihe  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  about  6i<  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  There  is  a  cotton 
factory  here  which  employs  a  large  number  of  girls. 

Summit. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  railroad,  12  miles 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  473 

from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  Desplaines  river.  This  is  where  the  celebrated 
"Long"  John  Went  worth  farm  is  located.  It  was  formerly  quite  a  fishing 
resort. 

Sycamore. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  60  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Thatcher's  Park, — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
12%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  picnic  resort. 

Thornton. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  2Z% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Tolleston. — Situated  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern,  Michigan  Central,  and  Pittsburg  &  Fort  Wayne  railroads,  25 
miles  south  of  the  City  Hall.  This  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  greatest 
of  Chicago's  outlying  industrial  towns.  It  is  the  proposed  site  of  the  new 
stock  yards  projected  by  Armour,  Swift,  Morris  &  Co.  [See  New  Stock 
Yards.] 

Tracy. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway,  13 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  manufacturing  suburb. 

Tremont. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad,  9% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Trevor. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  59  miles 
from  the  City  Hall. 

Turner.  —Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North-West- 
ern railway,  30  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  large  country  town,  well  built 
and  handsomely  laid  out.  Many  Chicago  people  reside  here. 

Upwood. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  railroad,  15 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Warrenton. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway, 
37  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Washington  Heights. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburg 
railroad  ("The  Panhandle"),  16  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Washington 
Heights  has  been  recently  annexed  to  Chicago.  This  suburb  is  situated  just 
north  and  a  little  east  of  Morgan  Park,  so  close  that  the  skirts  of  the  two 
villages  meet.  Though  its  history  as  an  incorporated  town  dates  back  but  a 
few  years,  the  settlement  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Cook  county.  The  adrni 
rable  shipping  facilities  have  begun  to  attract  manufacturing  interests  to 
Washington  Heights.  About  one  year  ago  the  Chicago  Bridge  and  Iron  Com- 
pany, a  consolidation  of  the  Kansas  City  and  Rochester  (Minn.)  companies, 
located  there.  The  town  is  not  lacking  in  churches  and  social  features.  The 
social  element  is  dominated  by  the  Tracy  club,  which  has  an  elegant  build- 
ing. The  finest  residence  in  the  town  is  that  of  R.  C.  Givens.Esq.,  on  Tracy 
aveuue.  It  is  built  after  the  order  of  an  old  feudal  castle.  There  are  many 
other  elegant  residences  in  the  town,  however.  A  visit  to  Washington 
Heights  will  repay  the  stranger. 

Waukegan. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Wcstern  railway,  35%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  is  a  large  town.  Many 
professional  and  business  people  of  Chicago  reside  here.  There  are  some 
beautiful  grounds  and  private  residences  in  Waukegan  and  vicinity. 

Waukcsha. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Westeru  railway,  104%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  One  of  the  most  celebrated 


474  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

pleasure  and  health  resorts  in  the  United  States.  Can  also  be  reached  by  Wis- 
consin Central  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroads.  Population, 
1890,  7,475. 

Wayne. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway,  35  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Wentworth. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Santa  Fe  &  California  railway, 

miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

West  Ridge. — A  surburban  village  near  Evanston  recently  organized.  It 
has  come  into  prominence  by  reason  of  the  attempt  made  there  to  open  places 
for  the  sale  of  liquor,  it  being  within  the  prescribed  four  mile  limit  of  the 
Northwestern  University. 

West  Roseland. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad,  about 
12  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Western  Springs. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  rail- 
road, 17  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Wheaton. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railroad,  about  25  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  thriving  town. 

Wheeling. — Situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  29}£ 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Whiting,  Indiana. — This  is  one  of  the  most  important  manufacturing 
suburbs  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago.  Situated  almost  directly  adjoining  South 
Chicago,  on  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railway  systems,  and  served  by  the  Calumet 
Terminal  Road.  These  unusual  facilities  lor  bringing  in  raw  material  and 
shipping  out  the  manufactured  products  with  cheap  fuel,  would  build  up 
alone  a  great  manufacturing  town.  Lying  on  the  Lake  shore  wiih  a  natural 
harbor,  only  thebuilding  of  piersis  needed  to  unload  the  traffic  of  the  laki  s  on  her 
docks,  and  add  cheap  water  freights  to  her  unsurpassed  railroad  connections. 
Situated  almost  directly  adjoining  South  Chicago,  it  will  for  all  practical  pur- 
poses soon  be  a  parl  of  this  great  city  and  participating  in  its  advantages. 
Already  Whiting  is  the  chief  supply  point  of  fuel  oil,  the  Standard  Oil  Co. 
having  erected  here  their  most  extensive  works,  and  tha  largest  refinery  in  the 
world.  The  stills  of  this  mammonth  concern  will  have,  when  completed 
next  March,  a  daily  capacity  of  25,000  barrels  of  oil.  Before  that  time  the 
officials  of  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  state  they  will  employ  fully  two  thousand 
more  men.  As  the  trains  now  carry  every  day  over  a  thousand  men  to  and 
.from  South  Chicago,  where  they  are  compelled  to  find  lodgings  and  homes, 
it  can  be  seen  what  an  impetus  will  be  given  to  the  growth  of  Whiting  in  at 
once  providing  homes  for  this  army  of  toilers.  Already  a  system  of  water 
works  has  been  put  in  and  plans  laid  for  building  a  large  city. 
Those  who  have  carefully  watched  the  progress  of  the  times  are  fully  aware 
that  fuel  oil  is  rapidly  superceding  coal  as  well  as  natural  gas.  The  smoke 
nuisance  is  the  greatest  objection  to  coal,  while  the  uncertainty  of  natural  gas 
wells  have  sadly  depreciated  its  value  as  a  desirable  and  reliable  fuel.  With 
the  use  of  oil  as  a  fuel,  one  of  the  greatest  and  most  far  reaching  reforms  of 
the  times  was  inaugurated  a  few  years  ago.  Investigation  and  experiments 
soon  showed  that  oil  was  cheaper,  cleaner,  more  reliable  than  coal,  besides 
producing  better  results. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  475 

Fuel  oil  is  a  partially  refined  petroleum  divested  of  all  explosive  qualities 
and  retaining  the  heavier  properties  which  render  it  desirable  for  fuel  only, 
or.  in  other  words,  a  distillate  made  from  crude  petroleum  especially  for  burn- 
ing purposes. 

The  hydro  carbon  burner,  used  by  most  manufacturers,  takes  a  lower 
grade  of  oil,  or  crude  petroleum  itself.  Only  scientists  or  mechanical  engineers 
have  a  correct  conception  of  the  amount  of  heat  evolved  by  oil  when  in  a 
state  of  combustion.  Anthracite  coal  compares  with  fuel  oil  as  follows  :  The 
combustion  of  one  pound  of  coal  will  raise  the  temperature  of  60  pounds  of 
water  from  32  to  212  degrees,  while  the  combustion  of  one  pound  of  fuel  oil 
will  make  the  same  change  in  temperature  of  90  pounds  of  water,  thus  favor- 
ing oil  in  the  proportion  of  50  per  cent,  over  coal. 

The  gas  vapor  produced  is  in  appearance  like  natural  gas  when  burning 
and  will  produce  units  of  heat  sufficient  to  melt  cast  iron  or  steel.  The  oil, 
when  in  a  state  of  combustion,  produces  little  smoke  and  no  ashes,  yet  the 
heat  is  as  decisive  and  genuine  as  the  heat  from  anthracite  coal  in  a  blast  fur- 
nace. Before  fuel  oil  could  come  more  generally  into  use  many  obstacles  had 
to  be  overcome.  Furnace  grates  had  to  be  modified,  and  a  number  of  patent 
devices  were  introduced  to  secure  thorough  consumption  and  uniform  heat. 
All  the  difficulties  were  speedily  surmounted,  however,  and  it  costs  very 
little  now  to  change  a  coal  furnace  into  an  oil  consumer,  and  the  economic 
results  are  invariably  surprising.  Advantages  of  fuel  oil  over  coal  and  even 
natural  gas  are  many  and  great.  The  heat  can  be  made  as  steady  as  gravity. 
There  is  no  loss  of  heat  by  opening  the  doors  and  covering  over  the  fire  with 
fresh  fuel,  or  admitting  a  cold  blast  of  air  to  reduce  the  heat.  The  fire  may 
be  extinguished  immediately,  and  there  will  be  no  bed  of  coals  to  smoulder 
or  waste  away.  There  is  no  loss  of  heat,  as  with  coal,  in  passing  up  the 
chimney  in  the  shape  of  smoke  and  gases.  The  output,  from  the  steadiness 
of  the  heat,  is  greatly  improved  in  quality  as  well  as  in  quantity  in  many 
manufacturing  establishments,  such  as  salt,  iron  and  steel  works,  gas  works, 
paper  mills,  brick  yards,  etc.  On  the  score  of  economy  oil  is  immensely 
superior  to  coal.  From  2^  to  3  barrels  are  equivalent  to  a  ton  of  the  coal 
generally  used  for  steam  purposes.  The  average  price  of  steam  coal  is  $2; 
the  city  of  Chicago  pays  $2.83  for  Pitt sburg.  Oil  delivered  in  Chicago  is 
worth  53  cents  per  barrel.  Three  barrels,  which  ordinarily  gives  the  result 
of  a  ton  of  coal,  costs  $1 .59,  or  a  saving  of  $1 .24.  The  question  of  thesupply 
of  fuel  oil  is  one  in  which  every  consumer  is  interested .  On  Sept.  30th  the 
visible  supply  of  oil  in  stock  was  as  follows.  Gross  stocks  held  by  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Company: 

BARRELS. 

Penpsy  1 vania,  New  York,  Eastern  Ohio  and  Virginia  oil    1 2,347.3 )  6  89 

Western  or  Lima  oil 24,124,39154 

Gross  stocks  held  by  other  companies: 

Pennsylvania,  New  York,  Eastern  Ohio  and  Virginia  oil 1,518,428  96 

Western  Ohio  or  Lima  oil 1,000,000  CO 

Total 38,999,13729 

The  production  of  oil  during  September  was: 

BARRELS 
PER  DAY. 

Pennsylvania,  New  Fork,  Eastern  Ohio  and  Virginia  oil M),000  00 

Western  Ohio  and  Lima  oil 4H,%7  69 

Total 128,967  79 

These  figures  are  collated  from  the  reports  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company, 


476  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

and  from  .the  various  monthly  reports  of  the  different  oil  companies  and 
transportation  pipe  lines. 

The  Lima  (Ohio)  oil  region  contains  thousands  of  acres  of  oil-producing 
territory  already  denned  and  as  yet  undeveloped,  or  only  developed  so  as  to 
protect  boundaries  and  leases.  In  addition  to  the  vast  undeveloped  oil  fields 
of  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  and  Ohio,  it  is  well  known  from  experimental  tests 
made  by  oil  producers, as  well  as  from  the  published  opinions  of  eminent  geolo- 
gists, lhatlndiana,  Kentucky,  Tennessee, Kansas,  Colorado,  Wyoming,  Dakota, 
New  Mexico,  California,  and  Indian  Territory  all  contain  oil  producing  dis- 
tricts of  extensive  area,  not  yet  defined  or  developed  and  only  awaiting  a 
market  to  stimulate  their  development.  Then  there  are  the  extensive  oil  fields 
of  Russia,  India,  South  America,  and  Australia.  Taking  into  consideration 
the  enormous  amount  of  oil  yielded  by  a  single  acre  of  oil-producing  territory 
during  the  life  of  wells,  the  estimate  that  there  are  ten  barrels  of  oil  for  every 
ton  of  coal  among  the  resources  of  the  earth  is  not  out  of  the  way. 

No  better  test  of  the  advantages  of  oil  as  a  fuel  need  be  given  than  the 
experience  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Company,  the  largest  iron  works  in  the  world. 
This  company  owns  coal  mines  and  coal  cars  and  are  of  course  able  to  supply 
themselves  at  cost;  but  for  four  years  they  have  used  oil  exclusively  for  all 
steam  and  heating  purposes,  their  daily  consumption  being  5,000  barrels 
a  day,  entirely  taking  the  place  of  coal. 

Many  immense  manufacturing  concerns  have  located  at  Whiting.  The 
town  had  scarcely  a  population  of~50  in  1890.  In  1892  it  has  over  5,000.  The 
Messrs.  Davidson,  of  Whiting,  leading  real  estate  dealers  of  the  town,  also 
publish  the  Whiting  News,  in  a  recent  edition  of  which  they  say  : 

"The  Standard  Oil  Company,  which  is  admitted  by  the  public  in  general  as 
the  largest  and  best  managed  corporation  in  the  world,  have  recognized  this 
'  years  ago.  Then  the  question  arising  was,  where  to  locate  in  Indiana  and  still 
derive  the  benefits  of  Chicago's  railroad  distributing  facilities  ? 

Whiting  was  selected  as  the  most  desirable  place  to  locate  the  largest  and 
most  substantially  built  refineries  in  the  world,  owning  a  site  of  400  acres. 

Whiting  advantages : 

1.  By  the  time  the  plant  is  completed  in  its  various  departments,  it  will 
be  at  the  center  of  population  of  the  United  States. 

2.  It  has  three  trunk  lines  passing  through  it  into  Chicago,  and  at  this 
point  (Whiting)  the  three  lines  are  joined  with  each  other  by  the  Chicago  & 
Calumet  Terminal,  which  also  connects  with  each  of  the  twenty-five  main 
lines  that  go  out  from  Chicago,  thus  making  it  possible  for  the  company  to 
ship  its  daily  output  of  25,000  barrels,  when  run  at  full  capacity,  direct  from 
the  yards  in  the  refinery  to  any  point  east,  west,  north  and  south,  in  the 
United  States,  Canada  or  Mexico. 

3.  Whiting  is  on  the  lake,  and  is  midway  between  the  proposed  East 
Chicago  harbor,  and  the  harbor  at  Sheffield  proposed  by  the  Knickerbocker 
Ice  Company.     They  are  enabled  to  get  their  gravel  and  sand  for  construc- 
tion direct  from  the  beach      And  above  all,  their  five-foot  tunnel  under  the 
lake  gives  them  an  unlimited  supply  of  water  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

4.  Whiting  is  only  two  miles  from  the  limits  of  Chicago,  being  the  near- 
est railroad  center  in  Indiana.     It  is  seventeen  miles  from  the  center  of  the 
city,  and  in  easy  reach  by  the  suburban  trains.     There  are  over  fifteen  passen- 

§er  trains  every  day  carrying  passengers  to   and  from  the  city  to  Whiting 
aily. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

SCANDIA  HALL,  W.  OHIO  ST.,  NEAR  MILWAUKEE  AVE. 

[See  "Scandia  Hall."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  477 

Wild  Wood  (One  Hundred  and  Twenty -eighth  street). — Situated  on  the 
Illinois  Central  railroad,  16^  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Willow  Springs. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Santa  Fe  &  California  and 
Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  railroads,  17%  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Wilmette. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway,  fourteen  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan.  The  townwascalled  afteroneof  the  earliest  French  settlers, 
a  man  named  Ouilmette,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  name  is  spelled  now  is 
entirely  in  deference  to  its  English  pronunciation.  Af terhaving  a  sort  of  Rip 
Van  Winkle  existence  for  years  it  has  suddenly  become  a  popular  suburban 
home.  The  building  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  road  gave  the  town  a 
little  start.  The  Sheridan  road  again  called  attention  to  the  beauties  of  the 
location.  In  passing  through  Wilmette  one  gains  the  idea  that  he  is  in  the 
midst  of  a  trackless  forest.  All  that  can  be  seen  is  a  house  or  two  and  an 
opening  through  the  forest  where  the  railroad  tracks  are  laid.  It  is  only  by  a 
visit,  then,  that  one  can  see  and  appreciate  its  great  natural  beauty.  Its  ele- 
vation is  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  above  the  lake.  The  whole  tract  is  densely 
covered  with  a  forest  of  lofty  elms  which  forms  one  of  the  chief  charms  of 
the  place.  It  has  more  lake  frontage  than  any  town  south  of  it  and  the  beach, 
instead  of  being  sandy  and  sloping,  is  hard  soil  and  rises  abruptly  to  the  height 
of  several  feet. 

Winfield. — Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern railway,  twenty-seven  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

Winnetka. — Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago&  North- 
Western  railway,  eighteen  miles  northeast  of  the  City  Hall,  on  the 
north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  The  first  plat  of  the  town  was  made 
in  1854  by  Charles  E.  Peck  and  Walter  Gurnee.  Chicago  had  not 
grown  enough  at  that  time  to  make  the  new  town  of  any  value  aa  a 
suburban  residence  place.  Quite  a  number  of  people,  however,  were  attracted 
by  the  natural  beauties  of  the  place  and  settled  there.  In  the  Indian  language  the 
uume  Winnetka  means  "Beautiful  Place."  The  place  had  not  grown  as  rapidly 
as  many  of  its  neighbors  up  to  1888,  but  since  then  there  has  been  great  activity 
in  property,  and  several  handsome  improvements  have  been  made.  Like  Lake 
Forest,  the  site  is  a  bluff  commanding  a  view  of  the  lake  along  the  entire 
extent  of  the  town.  The  almost  unbroken  forest  of  elm,  oak,  maple,  hickory 
and  other  variety  of  trees  is  still  there.  So  much  in  fact  remains  that  it  is 
uniformly  impossible  to  see  the  houses  till  one  comes  abruptly  upon  them  as 
they  stand  concealed  beneath  a  leafy  canopy.  At  some  points  the  bluff  rises 
perpendicularly  to  a  height  of  ninety  feet  above  the  lake.  Just  back  of  its 
bald  top  extends  the  Sheridan  road. 

Woodlawn. — Situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  eight  and  one-half 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Woodlawn  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Midway 
plaisance,  separated  by  Sixteenth  st. ;  on  the  east  by  Jackson  Park,  separated 
by  Stony  Island  ave. ;  on  the  south  by  Oakwood  Cemetery,  separated  by  sixty- 
seventh  st.,  and  on  the  west  by  Washington  Driving  Park,  separated  by  Cot- 
tage Grove  ave.  The  location  of  Woodlawn,  nestled  as  it  is  among 
the  grandest  parks  of  the  city  and  yet  onlythirty  minutes' ride  from  Randolph 
St.,  without  a  saloon  within  a  mile,  with  a  perfect  drainage  system,  excellent 
schools,  and  charming  residences,  makes  an  ideal  town. 

Worth. — Situated  on  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  railway,  seventeen 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 


478  GUIDE   tO   CfllCAGO. 

RAILROADS  AND  WHERE  THEY  LEAD  TO. 

Chicago  is  practically  the  terminal  point  of  all  the  great  trunk  lines  of 
railway,  North,  South,  East  and  West,  in  the  United  States,  the  Dominion 
of  Canada  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico.  Nearly  all  the  railway  systems  of 
the  continent  have,  either  directly  or  by  proprietary  connections,  sought 
and  obtained  an  entrance  to  this  city  and  a  share  in  the  immense  traffic  which 
centers  here.  Over  ninety  thousand  miles  of  railway  center  in  Chicago  at 
the  present  time.  Chicago  is  conceded  to  be  the  greatest  railway  depot  in  the 
universe;  more  passengers  arrive  and  depart;  more  merchandise  is  received 
and  shipped  here  daily  than  in  any  other  city  on  the  globe.  Illinois,  of  which 
Chicago  is  the  metropolis,  has  the  greatest  railway  mileage  of  any  State  in 
the  Union — 14,017  miles.  Below  are  the  great  railway  lines  which  radiate 
from  this  center: 

Atchixon,  TopeTca  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad. — The  main  stem  and  parent  rail- 
road of  the  Santa  Fe  system.  As  is  the  case  in  other  instances,  the  visitor 
will  seldom  hear  this  great  railroad,  or  the  system  of  which  it  forms  a  part, 
spoken  of  by  its  proper  title.  It  is  too  long  for  the  average  American. 
Hence  it  is  familiarly,  popularly  and  briefly  known  as  the  Santa  Fe.  In  stock 
parlance,  however,  it  is  known  and  quoted — in  tables,  Wall  street  reports, 
etc. — as  "  The  Atchison."  The  Santa  Fe  system,  as  it  exists  at  present,  is 
one  of  the  grandest  railroad  combinations  on  the  continent.  Total  miles  of 
railroad  owned  and  controlled  by  the  company,  6,443.24.  To  the  above  must 
be  added  railroads  controlled  jointly  with  other  railroad  companies,  making 
the  aggregate  7,703.74  miles. 

DEPOT. — All  trains  over  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  system  arrive 
at  and  depart  from  the  magnificent  depot  known  as  Dearborn  Station,  foot  of 
Dearborn  street,  corner  of  Polk  street  and  Third  avenue.  Here  every 
arrangement  is  made  for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  company's  pa- 
trons. There  are  large  and  elegant  waiting  rooms  for  ladies  and  gentlemen; 
attendants  are  always  on  hand  to  render  assistance  to  women  and  children; 
depot  agents  give  all  required  information  and  see  that  no  mistakes  are  made 
by  strangers  in  boarding  trains,  etc. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — During  1889-90  the  office  of  the  president,  which 
had  been  in  Boston,  was  located  at  Chicago,  on  the  line,  and  the  president 
was  relieved  of  the  administration  of  the  financial  and  accounting  branches 
of  the  service,  which  were  placed  distinctively  in  charge  of  the  vice-president, 
in  Boston,  under  immediate  direction  of  the  chairman  and  board,  thus  per- 
mitting the  attention  of  the  president  to  the  operations  and  general  physical 
benefit  of  the  properties.  The  general  offices  of  the  system  in  Chicago  are 
located  in  the  Kearsarge  building,  Dearborn  and  Jackson  sts.  Here  are 
located,  besides  the  president  and  his  assistant,  the  Passenger  Traffic  Manager, 
Mr.  \V.  F.  White;  the  Assistant  ^Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  Mr.  John  J. 
Byrne;  the  General  Freight  Traffic  Manager,  Mr.  J.  A.  Hanley,  and  his 
assistant,  the  purchasing  agent  and  minor  officers.  The  general  operating 
forces  of  the  system  are  located  at  Topeka,  Kans. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  479 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to 
arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation  of  large 
parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  routes  or  tours,  he  will  call  upon  or 
communicate  with  Mr.  W.  F.  White,  Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  or  Mr.  John 
J.  Byrne,  Assistant  Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  Kearsarge  building,  Chicago. 
POINTS  REACHED. — The  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  railroad  system 
extends  to  all  important  points  and  places  of  interest  to  the  visitor,  American 
or  foreign,  in  the  following  States  and  Territories:  Illinois,  Iowa,  Missouri, 
Arkansas,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Oklahoma,  Indian  Territory,  Texas,  Colorado, 
New  Mexico,  Arizona.-California,  as  well  as  points  in  the  Republic  of  Mexico. 
Take  this  line  at  Chicago  for  Galesburg,  Pekin,  Peoria,  in  Illinois;  for  Fort 
Madison,  in  Iowa;  for  St.  Louis,  St.  Joseph,  Kansas  City, -Springfield,  in 
Missouri,  for  Atchison,  Topeka,  Leavenworth,  Wichita,  Newton,  Dodge 
,  City,  Manhattan,  Arkansas  City,  Florence,  Pittsburg,  Coft'eyville,  in  Kansas; 
for  Guthrie,  in  Indian  Territory;  for  Purcell,  in  Oklahoma;  for  Gainesville, 
Fort  Worth,  Dallas,  Paris,  SanAngelo,  Temple,  Houston,  Galveston,  El  Paso, 
in  Texas;  for  City  of  Mexico  (by  connection),  Guaymas,  Hermosillo,  in  the 
Republic  of  Mexico;  for  Pueblo,  Denver,  Colorado  Springs,  Trinidad,  in  Col- 
orado; for  Las  Vegas,  Santa  Fe,  Albuquerque,  Silver  City,  in  New  Mexico; 
for  Prescott,  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado  river,  Benson,  in  Arizona;  for 
San  Diego,  National  City,  Coronado  Beach,  San  Bernardino,  Los  Angeles, 
Riverside,  Colton,  Passadena  and  San  Francisco  (by  connection).  There  is 
probably  more  variety  of  scenery,  as  wellasmore  grandeur,  to  be  witnessed  in 
a  tour  over  this  system,  than  on  any  the  visitor  can  take.  The  wonderful 
mountain  and  valley  scenery  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  is  not  surpassed 
anywhere  on  earth.  The  magnificent  cactus  fields,  where  every  one  of  the 
thousands  of  varieties  of  that  strange  plant,  from  a  few  inches  to  twenty  or 
thirty  feet  in  height,  may  be  seen  from  the  car  windows;  the  wild  and  rugged 
mountain  gorges  and  canons,  the  beautiful  orange  groves  and  vineyards  of 
southern  California,  the  quaint  half  Mexican,  half  Spanish  villages  and  towns 
— the  varieties  of  climate,  from  the  cold  winds  of  the  mountain  ranges  to  the 
salubrious  zephyrs  of  the  valleys,  all  combine  to  make  a  journey  over  the 
Santa  Fe  a  delightful  one  for  the  pleasure-seeker,  an  essential  one  for  the 
health-seeker,  and  a  necessary  one  for  the  tourist  who  is  desirous  of  witness- 
ing the  marvelous  development  of  the  great  Southwest. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company  are:  George  C.  Magoun,  Chairman  of  the 
Board,  Boston,  Mass.;  Allen  Manvel,  President,  Chicago,  111.;  Joseph  W. 
Reinhart,  Vice-president,  Boston,  Mass.;  A.  A.  Robinson,  Second  Vice-presi- 
dent, Top^ka,  Kan.;  J.  D.  Springer,  the  Third  Vice- President,  Chicago,  111., 
Edward  Wilder,  Secretary,  Topeka,  Kan.;  John  P.  Whitehead,  Comptroller, 
Boston,  Mass.;  Edward  Wilder, Treasurer,  Topeka,  Kan. 

PRINCIPAL.  OFFICERS  IN  CHICAGO. — The  principal  officers  of  theAtchi 
son,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  railroad  system  in  Chicago  are:  Allen  Manvel, 
President;  J.  D.  Springer,  Assistant  to  the  President;  W.  F.  White,  Passen- 
ger Traffic  Manager;  John  J.  Byrne,  Assistant  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agent;  J.  A.  Hanley,  Freight  Traffic  Manager;  W.  B.  Biddle,  Assistant 
Freight  Traffic  Manager;  G.  T.  Nicholson,  the  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agent,  is  located  at  Topeka,  Kan. 


480  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  Fe  railroad  system  is  located  at  212  Clark  St.,  near  the  general  Post 
Office.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  any  point  covered  by  the 
system  or  its  connecting  lines,  secure  sleeping-car  berths,  and  obtain  all 
necessary  information  regarding  the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  rates 
of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter  containing  general  information 
regarding  the  lines  covered  by  the  system,  time  tables,  guides,  etc.,  may  be 
had  free  on  application.  , 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad — The  oldest  of  the  great  trunk  lines  of  the 
United  States.  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  in 
Maryland,  February  28, 1827,  and  in  Virginia,  March  8, 1827.  In  1852  the  total 
number  of  miles  operated  by  the  company  was  379.  This  great  railroad  has 
grown  with  the  nation,  has  assisted  very  materially  in  its  development,  and 
has  for  years  been  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  important  highways  across 
the  most  populous  section  of  the  republic.  During  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
it  was  a  factor  of  prime  consequence,  and  was  guarded  with  jealousy  and 
unremitting  care  by  the  Federal  Government.  In  the  days  of  peace,  how- 
ever, its  triumphs  have  been  greatest,  for  it  has  contributed  largely  toward 
the  upbuilding  of  the  magnificent  territory  which  it  penetrates,  as  well  as  to 
the  property  of  the  millions  who  have  settled  along  its  lines. 

BUSINESS  OP  THE  COMPANY. — The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company 
does  an  annual  business  exceeding  $24,000,000.  Its  annual  operating 
expenses  are  over  $17,000,000.  It  carries  annually  over  14,000,000  tons  of 
freight,  and  over  10,000,000  passengers. 

DEPOT. — The  trains  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  run  into 
the  Grand  Central  passenger  station,  situated  at  the  corner  of  Harrison  street 
and  Fifth  avenue. 

EQUIPMENT. — The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  is  equipped  in  a  most  com- 
plete and  magnificent  manner,  its  trains  being  among  the  most  elegant  arriv- 
ing at  and  departing  from  Chicago.  It  has  over  27,000  cars  in  its  freight  serv- 
ice, over  700  in  its  passenger  service,  and  848  locomotives. 

LINES  OPERATP:D. — The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  operates  at 
present,  exclusive  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  railroad,  control  of  which  has 
been  recently  acquired,  1,305.2  miles  east,  and  645.7  miles  west  of  the  Ohio 
river,  a  total  of  1,950.9  miles.  Entrance  to  Chicago  is  made  over  a  line 
from  Chicago  Junction,  a  distance  of  271  miles. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  have  to  do  with  the  pas- 
senger department  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  oxclugively.it  is  sug- 
gested that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special  trains,  special  cars, 
the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he 
call  upon  or  communicate  with  Mr.  Charles  O.  Scull,  General  Passenger 
Agent,  Baltimore,  Md.,  or  with  L.  S.  Allen,  Assistant  General  Passenger 
Agent,  Rookery  Building,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — The  visitor  will  take  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad 
for  all  points  in  northern  Indiana,  northern,  central  and  southeastern  Ohio, 
West  Virginia,  southern  Pennsylvania.  Maryland,  Delaware,  New  Jersey 
and  New  York.  Take  this  line  for  Defiance,  Saudusky,  Columbus,  Cleve- 
land, Wheeling,  Youugstown,  Pittsburg,  Johnstown,  Cumberland,  Washing- 
ton, Annapolis,  Baltimore,  Wilmington,  Philadelphia,  Newark  and  New 
York  City.  Take  this  line  for  the  magnificent  summer  resorts  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, West  Virginia  and  Maryland  ;  for  the  AUeghany  Mountain  resorts ; 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  481 

for  Deer  Park,  Mountain  Lake  Park  and  Oakland,  the  most  healthful,  beau- 
tiful and  fashionable  summering  places  in  the  United  States ;  for  Berkely 
Springs,  for  Hagerstown  and  for  the  historic  battle-grounds  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Virginia.  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  is  the  scenic  line  of  the 
country.  Its  main  stem  and  branches  penetrate  the  loveliest  districts  of  the 
Southeast,  wheYe  the  traveler  is  constantly  passing  from  the  glories  of  the 
mountain  into  the  delights  of  valley  scenery  of  unsurpassable  splendor.  In- 
formation concerning  the  beautiful  summer  resorts  on  this  system  will  be 
furnished  the  visitor  free  on  application  at  the  city  ticket  office. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS, — The  principal  officers  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad  Company  are:  Charles  F.  Mayer,  president;  Orland  Smith,  first 
vice-president;  Thomas  M.  King,  second  vice-president;  C.  K.  Lord,  third 
vice-president;  J  T.  Odoll,  general  manager;  Charles  O.  Scull,  general 
passenger  agent ;  all  of  whom  are  located  in  the  general  offices  of  the  com- 
pany at  Baltimore.  The  principal  officers  in  Chicago  aie:  R.B.Campbell, 
general  superintendent  of  lines  west  of  the  Ohio  river,»a«d  L.  S.  Allen,  assist- 
ant general  passenger  agent,  and  A.  P.  Bigelow,  general  Western  traffic  agent, 
No.  212  La  Halle  street. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
Company  is  located  at  193  Clark  street.  Here  tickets  may  be  purchased  to 
any  point  covered  by  the  system,  or  on  connecting  lines,  sleeping-car  berths 
secured,  and  information  obtained  regarding  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
trains,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter  containing  information  regarding 
points  of  interest  and  importance  along  the  lines  of  the  road,  time  tables,  etc., 
may  be  obtained  free  on  application . 

TRAIN  SERVICE. — Train  No.  6  leaving  Chicago  at  2:55  daily  is  a  solid  ves- 
tibuled  train  of  first-class  coaches  and  Pullman  buffet  sleeping  cars  from 
Chicago  to  Washington  and  Baltimore,  and  has  Pullman  sleeper  Chicago  to 
Pittsburg,  and  day  coaches  and  Pullman  buffet  parlor  car  from  Washington 
to  New  York.  Train  No.  8  leaving  Chicago  at  10:10  in  the  morning,  daily, 
is  a  solid  vestibuled  train,  Chicago  to  Baltimore,  and  has  Pullman  sleeping 
car,  Chicago  to  New  York,  and  Pullman  buffet  parlor  car,  Washington  to 
New  York.  Train  No.  14  leaving  Chicago  daily  at  6:40  p.  M.,  has  day 
coaches  and  Pullman  sleeper,  Chicago  to  Pittsburg,  via  Akron  acd  P.  &  W. 
R.  II.,  and  Pullm-m  sleeper,  Cliicago  to  Cleveland,  via  Akron  and  the  Valk-y 
Ry.  This  train  has  also  day  coach  and  Pullman  sleeper,  Chicago  to  Wheel- 
ing, daily  except  Saturday.  Train  No.  4  leaving  Chicago  daily  at  10:25  P. 
M.  ;  has  day  coaches,  Chicago  to  New  York,  Pullman  sleeping  car  from  Chi- 
cago to  Chicago  Junction.  This  train  also  makes  close  connections  at 
Chicago  Junction  with  train  of  first-class  coaches  for  Cleveland  and  Pitts- 
burg. 

Cliicago  Central  Railroad. — This  road  is  now  in  process  of  construction 
from  a  connection  with  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  at  Ogden 
avenue,  south  to  Harvey,  Illinois.  The  line  runs  parallel  to  Western  avenue 
and  about  600  feet  west  of  it.  The  road  curves  in  a  northeasterly  direction 
from  Seventy-ninth  street  to  its  intersection  with  the  Belt  Line  just  west  of 
the  Panhandle  road,  where  it  turns  and  runs  directly  north  aud  parallel  to 
the  Panhandle  until  it  reaches  the  Santa  Fe  and  Grand  Trunk  railroads  at 
Forty-ninth  street.  At  that  point  it  crosses  the  Panhandle  and  runs  east  of 
that  road  parallel  to  it.  At  Thirty-ninth  street  or  Brighton  the  road  crosses 
the  Panhandle  again  and  makes  connection  with  the  Northern  Pacific  system 


482  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

and  finds  its  terminus  in  the  Grand   Central  Passenger  Station  on  Fifth 
avenue  and  Harrison  street. 

This  road  will  run  through  one  of  the  most  impoitant  resident  districts 
of  Chicago  and  will  make  accessible  one  of  the  finest  tracts  of  land  in 
Chicago,  running  as  it  does  from  Seventy -ninth  south  to  Blue  Island  through 
what  is  known  as  the  Bluel  sland  Ridge.  It  is  the  intention  to  operate  over 
this  line  a  most  complete  suburban  service  which  will,  undoubtedly,  be 
under  control  of  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  The  road  is 
rapidly  approaching  completion  and  trains  will  probably  be  running  between 
the  Grand  Central  Passenger  Station  and  Harvey  early  in  the  spring. 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad. — One  of  the  -greatest  railway 
systems  in  the  world .  Its  operations  extend  over  the  most  fertile  territory  on 
the  North  American  continent,  and  its  numerous  arms  stretching  out  in  all 
directions  and  forming  a  perfect  net-work  of  steel,  connect  and  provide  com- 
munication between  the  thriving  villages,  prosperous  towns  and  populous 
cities  of  eight  States  of  the  American  Union.  The  total  trackage  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  acd  controlled  linesis,  in  round  numbers,  7,000 
miles.  The  earnings  of  the  company  during  the  year  1890  amounted  to 
$35,130,58.5;  expenses,  $31,795,188,  leaving  net  earnings  of  $3,335,397. 

GENERAL  OFFICES — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  railroad  are  located  in  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  general 
office  building,  Adams  and  Franklin  streets,  Chicago. 

LINES  OPERATED. — The  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad  system 
embraces  the  following  lines:  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R.;  Burling- 
ton &  Missouri  River  R.  R.  in  Nebraska;  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  R.  R. ; 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  R.  R. ;  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc 
Northern  R.  R. ;  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  R.  R.;  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Kansas  City  it.  R-;  Burlington  &  Western  R.  R. ;  Burlington  & 
Northwestern  R.  R. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad 
exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special 
trains,  special  cars,  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special 
routes,  etc., he  communicate  with  or  call  upon  Mr.  P.S.  Eustis,  General  Passen- 
ger and  Ticket  Agent,  general  offices,  Franklin  and  Adams  streets,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — The  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
railroad  for  all  points  in  the  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest,  in  the  States  of 
Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Colorado 
Wyoming  and  South  Dakota.  Take  this  line  for  Streator,  Peoria>  Galesburg; 
for  Mendota,  Rockford,  Galena;  for  Monmouth,  Golden  and  Quincy,  and  all 
points  of  interest  in  western  Illinois;  for  Dubuque,  Iowa;  for  Prairie  Du 
Chien,  La  Crosse,  and  all  points  in  western  Wisconsin;  for  Winoca.St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis,  and  all  points  in  southern  Minnesota;  for  Cedar  Rapids  and  all 
points  in  northeastern  Iowa;  for  Burlington,  DesMoines,  Cumberland,  and  for 
all  points  in  central  Iowa;  for  Creston,  Iowa;  for  Hannibal,  St.  Joseph,  Kansas 
City  and  all  points  in  northern  Missouri;  for  all  points  in  Kansas  and  south- 
ern Nebraska,  including  Omaha,  Lincoln,  Atchison  and  Leavenworth;  for 
Denver,  Colorado;  for  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  and  for  Deadwood  and  the  Black 
Hills  country.  Passengers  over  the  "Burlington  Route  "  are  conveyed  to  all 
points  in  the  Rocky  mountains  and  the  Pacific  slope;  from  San  Diego  to  San 
Francisco,  and  from  San  Francisco  to  the  Puget  Sound  country. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  483 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Quincy  railroad  are:  C.  E.  Perkins,  president,  Burlington,  Iowa;  J.  C. 
Peasley,  first  vice-president,  Chicago:  L.  O.  Goddard,  assistant  to  first  vice- 
president,  Chicago;  George  B.  Harris,  second  vice-president,  Chicago;  T.  S. 
Rowland,  secretary,  Boston;  J.  W.  Blythe,  eeneral  solicitor,  Chicago;  W. 
F.  Merrill,  general  manager,  Chicago;  J  D.  Besler,  general  superintendent, 
Chicago;  P.  S.  Eustis,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago;  Luc'us 
Wakely,  assistant  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago;  Thomas  Mil- 
ler, general  freight  agent,  Chicago. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  Burlinartonr& 
Quincy  railroad  is  located  at  211  Clark  street,  near  the  general  Post  Office. 
Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  any  point  covered  by  the  system,  or 
on  any  connecting  line,  secure  sleeping-car  berths  and  obtain  all  necessary 
information  regarding  the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc 
Here,  also,  printed  matter  relating  to  points  on  the  system,  time  tables,  etc., 
may  be  had  free  on  application. 

TRAIN  SERVICE. — The  train  service  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiucy 
railroad  from  Ciiicago  is  complete.  The  equipment  of  all  trains  is  perfect. 
The  time  made  is  fast,  but  the  tracks  and  road-beds  of  the  system  are  main- 
tained in  such  perfect  condition,  that  the  very  fastest  traveling  causes  no 
discomfort  to  the  traveler.  The  scenery  along  most  of  the  lines  is  bright 
and  pleasant.  The  lines  traverse  the  finest  country  in  America,  and  touch 
nearly  all  the  prettiest  villages  and  most  prosperous  towns  of  the  great  corn 
belt.  Following  is  the  train  service,  which,  however,  is  subject  to  change: 

Train  No.  11,  for  Burlington,  Council  Bluffs  and  intermediate  local 
points,  leave  Chicago  11:45  A.  M.,  daily;  coaches,  between  Chicago  and  Bur- 
lington. 

"  The  Burlington's  No.  1,"  solid  vestibule  train  for  Denver,  leaves  Chicago 
at  1  P.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Denver;  reclining-chair  car 
(seats  free),  Chicago  to  Denver;  coaches,  Chicago  to  Denver;  dining  car,  Chi- 
cago to  Mt.  Pleasant;  Lincoln  to  Robb. 

Train  No.  5,  for  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver,  Newcastle,  Deadwood, 
the  Black  Rills  and  Nebraska  points,  leave  Chicago  at  5:45  p.  M.,  daily; 
Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Omaha  and  Denver;  reclining-chair  cars  (seats 
free),  Chicago  to  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha  and  Denver,  dining  car,  Chicago  to 
Mendota,  Creston  to  Omaha;  connects  at  Lincoln  with  train  No.  41,  having 
Pullman  sleeper,  Lincoln  to  Deadwood,  S.  Dak. 

Train  No.  3,  for  McCook,  Omaha  and  Council  Bluffs,  leaves  Chicago 
10:30  p.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Omaha  and  McCook;  reclin- 
ing-chair car  (seats  free),  Chicago  to  Omaha  and  McCook;  coaches,  Chicago 
to  Council  Bluffs. 

Train  No.  15,  the  "Eli"  fast-vestibuled  train,  for  Kansas  City,  St. 
Joseph  and  Atchison,  leaves  Chicago  6:05  p.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers, 
Chicago  to  Kansas  City,  Chicago  to  St.  Joseph  and  Atchison;  reclining-chair 
cars  (seats  free),  Chicago  to  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  and  Atchison;  coaches, 
Chicago  to  Kansas  City;  dining  car,  Chicago  to  Mendota,  and  Cameron 
Junction  to  Kansas  City. 


484  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Train  No.  15,  for  Quincy,  Hannibal,  Denison,  Houston  and  Galveston 
via  M.  K.  &  T.  R.  R.).  No.  15  leaves  Chicago  6:05  p.  M.,  daily.  Pullman 
sleepers  between  Chicago  and  Dallas,  Sedalia  and  Taylor;  reclining-chair  car 
(seats  free)  between  Chicago  and  Quincy,  Hannibal  and  Sedalia.  Dining  car 
between  Chicago  and  Mendota. 

Train  No.  3,  for  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  and  Atchison,  leaves  Chicago 
10:30  P.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Quincy;  reclining-chair  car 
(seats  free),  Chicago  to  Kansas  City. 

Train  No.  47.  solid  vestibule  train  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  via 
La  Crosse,  leaves  Chicago  6:10  p.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Si. 
Paul  and  Minneapolis;  coaches,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis;  diniiig 
car,  .serving  supper  fiom  Chicago. 

Train  No.  49,  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  via  La  Crosse,  leaves  Chicago 
10:50  P.  M.,  daily,  except  Saturday;  Pullman  buffet  sleepers  and  reclining- 
chair  cars  (seats  free),  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis;  coaches,  Chicago 
to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis. 

Train  No.  9,  for  Rochelle,  Rockford,  Mendota  and  Streator,  leaves 
Chicago  4:30  p.  M.,  daily,  except  Sunday;  reclining-chair  car  (seats  free) 
between  Chicago  and  Rockford;  coaches  between  Chicago  and  Mendota, 
Chicago  and  Streator. 

Train  No.  13,  Galesburg,  Streator,  Rochelle,  Rockford  and  Forreston. 
So.  13  leaves  Chicago  8:50  A.  M.,  daily,  except  Saturday ;  coaches  between 
Chicago  and  Galesburg,  Chicago  and  Streator,  Chicago  and  Rochelle  and 
Forreston. 

Train  No.  3,  for  Keokuk,  leaves  Chicago  10.30  P.  M.,  daily,  except  Satur- 
day. Pulhn  in  sleeper  between  Chicago  and  Keokuk. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Itailway. — The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railway  Company,  as  it  exists  to-day,  was  organized  in  1864.  The 
system  of  railways  winch  it  operates  is  one  of  the  greatest  in  the  world. 
Familiarly  the  line  is  known  as  "  the  St.  Paul  Road,"  and  as  such  the  visitor 
will  be  apt  to  hear  of  it  frequently  during  his  stay  in  Chicago  and  in  the  West. 
The  miles  of  track  embraced  in  the  system  number  6,901.19,  as  follows: 
Main  track,  owned  solely  by  the  company,  5,721.40;  main  track,  owned 
jointly  with  other  companies,  9.17;  total  length  of  main  track,  5,656.83; 
second  and  third  tracks  and  connection  tracks  owned  solely  by  the  company, 
73. 67;  second  and  third  tracks  and  connection  tracks,  owned  jointly  with 
other  companies,  2.82;  total  length  of  second  and  third  tracks  and  con- 
nections, 76.49;  tracks  owned. by  other  companies,  but  used  by  this  company 
under  agreements,  4481;  yard  tracks,  sidings  and  spur  tracks  owned  solely 
by  this  company,  1,103.9'3;  yard  tracks,  sidings  and  spur  tracks  owned  jointly 
with  other  companies,  19. 14;  total  length  of  yard  tracks,  sidings  and  spur 
tracks,  1,123.06;  total  miles  of  track  6,901.19.  The  lines  of  road  belonging  to 
this  company  are  located  as  follows:  In  Illinois,  318.08  miles;  in  Wisconsin, 
1,374.66  miles;  in  Iowa.  1,553.27  miles;  in  Minnesota,  1,120.09  miles;  in  North 
Dakota,  118.21  miles;  in  South  Dakota,  1,096.82  miles;  in  Missouri,  140.27 
miles.  Total  lergth  of  main  track,  5,721.40  miles. 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1891,  the 
gross  earnings  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  tfc  St.  Paul  Railway  Company 
amounted  to  $27.504,224.49,  an  increase  of  $1,(98,516.14  over  the  previous 
year.  The  operating  expenses  were  $18,366,500.07,  an  increase  ot  $624,712.38 
over  the  previous  year.  The  net  earnings  were  $9,137,724.42.  The  tons  of 
freight  carried  were  10,397,235,  an  increase  of  1,104,043  over  the  previous 
year.  The  number  of  passengers  was  7,919,229. 


15 


s     fl> 

22 

X    3 

o-g 

v)  .3 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  485 

CENTRAL  TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  railway  is  located  at  207  and  209  Clark  street,  near  the 
general  Post  Office.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  any  point 
covered  by  this  railway  and  its  connections,  secure  sleeping-car  berths  and 
obtain  all  necessary  information  concerning  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter,  containing  general  infor- 
mation regarding  the  line,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

CONDITION  OF  TRACKS. — The  tracks  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  railway  are  maintained  at  a  high  standard  of  excellence.  Of  the  total 
mileage,  4.074  77  miles  are  laid  with  heavy  steel  rails,  and  1,582.06  with  iron. 
The  road-bed  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  West.  Trains  on  this  line  make  fast 
time  with  perfect  safely.  The  road  has  not  had  a  serious  accident  on  its  lines 
for  several  years. 

DEPOT. — All  trains  of  fhe  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway  arrive 
at  and  depart  from  the  magnificent  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  streets, 
West  Side,  near  the  business  center.  Take  Madison  or  Adams  street  car. 
Here  every  arrangement  is  made  for  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  patrons. 
Large  and  elegantly  furnished  waiting  rooms  are  provided  for  ladies  and 
gentlemen.  Attendants  are  always  on  hand  to  render  any  assistance  necessary 
to  women  and  children.  Depot  agents  give  all  required  informal  ion,  and  see 
that  no  mistakes  are  made  by  strangers  in  boarding  trains.  The  depot  is  one 
of  the  most  complete  on  the  continent. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  equipment  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railway  Company  is  modern  and  complete.  Some  of  the  handsomest  vesti- 
buled  trains  in  the  United  States  are  run  over  this  line.  Some  idea  of  the 
equipment  may  be  formed  from  the  following:  Number  of  locomotives 
available  for  s<  j vice,  801;  passenger  cars,  352;  sleeping  cars,  57;  parlor  cars, 
12;  dining  cars,  10;  baggage,  postal,  mail  and  express  cars,  248;  box  cars, 
17,447;  stock  <ars,  2,340;  flat  and  coal  cars,  4,327;  refrigerator  cars,  609;  road 
cars,  514. 

GENERAL  OFFICES, — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railway  Company  are  located  in  the  Rand  &  McNalty  building, 
south  side  of  Adams  St.,  between  LaSalle  st.  and  Fifth  ave. ,  Chicago. 

PASSENOEK  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  have  to  do  with  the  pas- 
senger department  of  this  railway  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that,  with 
Deference  to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation 
of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tourg,  etc.,  he' call  upon  or  com- 
municate with  Mr.  George  H.  Heafford,  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agent,  General  Offices,  RmJ  &  McNally  building,  on  Adams,  between  La 
Salle  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  railway  for  all  points  in  the  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest. 
Its  lines  gridiron  the  States  of  Illinois,  Missouri,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Minne- 
sota, North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota,  while  it  makes  connections  at  Kansas 
City,  Omaha  and  St.  Paul  with  the  three  great  trans-continental  route  s  of 
the  North.  Take  this  line  for  Milwaukee,  Waukesha,  Janesville,  Water- 
town,  Madison,  and  all  the  great  summer,  fishing  and  hunting  resorts  of  Wis 
consin;  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  and  all  points  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
system;  for  the  great  wheat  growing  belt  of  the  Dakotas,  North  and  South, 
and  all  the  thriving  and  interesting  towns  and  cities  in  those  new  States.  Take 


486  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

this  line  for  Rock  Island,  111.,  for  Cedar  Rapids,  Des  Moines,  Council  Bluffs, 
and  all  important  points  in  Iowa.  Take  this  line  for  Omaha  and  Lincoln, 
Neb.,  and  all  points  on  the  Union  Pacific  system;  take  this  line  for  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  and  all  points  on  the  Kansas  Pacific;  for  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  all 
points  on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island  railroad;  take  this  line  for  points  in 
Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Southern  California,  Colorado,  Utah,  Northern  Cali- 
fornia, Wyoming,  Montana,  Idaho,  Nevada,  Oregon  and  Washington. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee* 
St.  Paul  Riilway  Company  are:  Roswell  Miller,  President,  Chicago;  Frank 
S.  Bond,  Vice-President,  New  York;  E.  P.  Ripley,  Third  Vice-President, 
Chicago;  A.  J.  Earling,  General  Manager,  Chicago;  W.  G.  Collins,  General 
Superintendent,  Milwaukee;  P.  M.  Myers,  Secretary,  Milwaukee;  F.  G.  Ran- 
ney.  Treasurer,  Chicago;  John  W.  Gary,  General  Counsel,  Chicago;  John  T. 
Fish,  General  Solicitor,  Chicago;  W.  N.  D.  Winne.  General  Auditor,  Chicago; 
E.  Q.  Sewall,  Comptroller,  Chicago;  George  H.  Heafford,  General  Passenger 
and  Ticket  Agent,  Chicago;  George  S.  Marsh,  Assistant  General  Pa?srnger 
and  Ticket  Agent,  Chicago;  F.  A.  Miller,  Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent, 
Chicago. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway — The  title  under  which  one  of 
the  greatest  systems  of  railway  on  the  continent  is  operated.  Opened  from 
Uhicago  to  Joliot  in  1851.  The  system  now  penetrates  the  States  of  Illinois, 
Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Indian  Territory,  Nebraska  and  Colorado,  and  has 
direct  connection  with  lines  operating  in  all  the  States  and  Territories,  from 
the  Mississippi  river  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  has  2:36  miles  in  Illinois,  1,060.10 
iu  Iowa,  286.70  in  Missouri,  1,126.96  in  Kansas,  140, 97 in  Nebraska,  376.06  in 
Colorado,  and  106,75  in  Indian  Territory;  total  3, 339. 54  miles.  To  this  should 
be  added  179. 90  miles  of  second  track,  and  564.40  miles  of  side  track,  which 
would  equal  in  all  4,083.84  miles  of  single  track. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  over  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  rail  way  arrive 
at  and  depart  from  the  company's  magnificent  depot  located  on  Van  Buren 
street,  between  Sherman  street  and  Pacific  avenue,  directly  in  the  rear  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  and  "Rialto  buildings.  Take  Van  Buren  street  car.  This  is 
one  of  the  finest  railroad  passenger  stations  in  the  world.  Here  every  arrange- 
ment is  made  for  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  passengers.  There  are 
handsomely  furnished  waiting  rooms,  dressing  rooms,  etc.,  depot  agents  to 
answer  questions  and  impart  information,  and  attendeutsto  see  to  the  wants 
of  women  and  children  and  infirm  persons. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t 
Pacific  Railway  Company  are  located  in  the  Van  Buren  St.  depot,  Van  Buren 
and  Sherman  sts. ;  entrance  from  Van  Buren  st. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — The  principal  officersof  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railway  Company  are:  R.  R.  Cable,  president,  Chicago; 
Benj.  Brewster,  first  vice-president,  New  York ;  W.  G.  Purdy,  second  vice- 
president,  treasurer  and  secretary,  Chicago;  H.  A.  Parker,  third  vice-presi- 
dent, Chicago;  A.  Kimball,  assistant  to  the  president,  Davenpori;  J.  R.  Cow 
ing,  assistant  secretary  and  assistant  treasurer,  New  York;  J.  F.  Phillips, 
assistant  secretary  and  assistant  treasurer,  Chicago;  E.  St.  John,  general 
manager,  Chicago;  W.  M.  Sage,  traffic  manager,  Chicago;  John  Sebastian 
general  ticket  and  passenger  agent,  Chicago;  J.  M.  Johnson,  general  freight 
agent,  Chicago. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  487 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.  —As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway 
exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special 
trains,  special  cars,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of 
special  tours,  etc.,  he  call  upon  or  communicate  with  John  Sebastian,  gen- 
eral  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  general  offices  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts., 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  railway  for  points  in  Illinois,  such  as  Joliet,  Seneca,  Ottawa, 
La  Salle,  Bureau,  Moline,  Rock  Island,  and  intermediate  stations;  for  points 
in  Iowa,' such  as  Wilton,  West  Liberty,  Iowa  City,  Marengo,  Grinnell,  New- 
ton, Des  Moines  and  Council  Bluffs,  and  for    Omaha,   Neb.,  and    via  the 
new  line  through  Lincoln,  Neb.,  has  direct  route  to  Denver  and  foot  hill 
cities,   also    for    Keokuk,     Faruiington,     Ottuii'.wa,    Fort    Dodge    and    all 
points  on  the  Des  Moines  Valley  division .    The  visitor  will  also'take  the 
Rock  Island  route  for  Davenport,  Muscatine,  Washington,  Fairfield,  Eldon, 
Numa,  and  all  other  points  on  the  southwestern  division  in  Iowa;  for  Kansas 
City,  Mo.;  Leavenworth,  Kan.;  Alchison,  Kan., and  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  at  all  of 
which  connections  maybe  made  for  every  point  of  interest  in  the  Missouri 
Valley  and  beyond;  for  Topeka,  McFarland,  Clay  Center,  Belleville,  Mau- 
kato,  Phillipsburg,  Goodland  and   Denver,  and  all  intermediate  points  in 
Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Colorado.    The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Rock  Island 
route  via  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  for  Troy,  Sabetha,  Pawnee, Beatrice, Fairbury  and 
all  points  in  the  beautiful  agricultural  country  lying  along  the  Blue  and 
Republican  rivers  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska.     The  visitor  wiJl  also  take  the 
Rock  Island  route  via  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph,  Topeka  and  Wichita  line 
for  Wichita,  Wellington,  Caldwell,  El  Reno,  and  all  points  in  Southern  Kan 
sas  and  Indian  Territory.    The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Rock  Island  route 
for  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  and  via  the  Northern  Pacific  railway  for  Bis- 
marck, Helena,   Portland,   Seattle,   Tacoma,  Vancouver,  Victoria,  and  all 
points  in  the  Puget  Sound  country.     At  Denver,  Col.,  connections  are  made 
with  lines  running  south,  southwest  and  west,  either  through  the  plains  of 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  or  over  the  mountains  of   Colorado,  Utah  and 
California.    The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway  penetrates  the  most 
interesting  portion  of  the  Western  States.     The  scenery  along  the  lines  is 
always  interesting,  and  often  picturesque  and  beautiful. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  railway  is  located  on  the  sw.  cor.  of  Clark  and  Washington  sts. 
(Chicago  Opera  House  block),  in  the  heart  of  the  city.  Here  the  visitor  may 
purchase  tickets  to  all  points  covered  by  the  system  and  its  connections,  secure 
sleeping  car  berths,  etc. ,  and  obtain  all  necessary  information  in  regard  to 
the  time  of  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  informa- 
tion regarding  the  points  covered  by  the  system,  time  tables,  pocket  guides, 
etc.,  may  be  obtained  free  on  application. 

Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Raihoay. — A  direct  line  between  Chicago, 
Dubuque  and  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  in  the  Northwest,  and  Chicago,  Des 
Moiues,  St.  Joseph,  Leavenworth  and  Kansas  City,_in  the  Southwost,  passing 
through  the  States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Missouri  and  Kansas. 

DEPOT. — All  trains  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  railway 
frrive  at  and  depart  from  the  Grand  Central  Passengtr  Static  n,  Harrison  &t 
:nd  Fifth  ave. 


488  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

EQUIPMENT. — The  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  railway  is  equipped 
in  the  most  modern  fashion.  Its  express  trains  are  among  the  handsomest 
arriving  at  or  departing  from  the  city.  Nearly  all  its  passenger  cars  are  new 
and  many  of  them  are  magnificent  in  construction  and  furnishings. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kan- 
sas City  railway  are  located  as  follows:  St.  Paul,  corner  of  Jackson  and 
Fifth  sts. ;  Chicago,  Phenix  building,  Jackson  st.  and  Pacific  ave. ;  New 
York,  No.  47  Wall  st, 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — The  principal  officers  of  the  company  are : 
A.  B.  Stickney,  Chairman  of  the  Board,  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  John  M.  Egan, 
president  and  general  manager,  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  William  Lewis  Boyle,  vice- 
president,  New  York;  W.  B.  Bend,  treasurer,  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  M.  C.  Wood- 
ruff,  secretary,  Dubuque,  Iowa;  W.  R.  Busenbark,  traffic  manager,  Chicago; 
F.  H.  Lord,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago;  C.  A.  Cairns, 
assistant  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago;  P.  C.  Stohr,  general 
freight  agent,  Chicago;  F.  H.  Tfbbits,  assistant  general  freight  agent, 
Chicago. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  railway 
exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engaging  of  special 
trains,  special  cars,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of 
special  tours,  etc.,  he  communicate  with  or  call  upon  Mr.  F.H.  Lord,  general 
passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Phenix  building,  Jackson  st.  and  Pacific  ave., 
Chicago,  or  with  R.  S.  Hair,  general  Eastern  passenger  agent,  343  Broadway, 
New  York  City. 

POINTS  REACHED. — The  Chicago.  St  Paul  &  Kansas  City  railway  is  a 
direct  line  to  Dubuque.  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  and  to  Waterloo,  Cedar 
Falls,  Marshalltown,  Des  Moines,  St.  Joseph,  Atchison,  Leavenworth  and 
Kansas  City.  Among  the  points  covered  are  some  of  the  most  populous 
towns  and  cities  in  the  West:  Dubuque,  Iowa  (40,000);  Des  Moines,  Iowa 
(75,000);  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  (70,000);  Atchison,  Kan.  (20,000);  Leavenworth, 
Kan.  (40,000);  Kansas  City,  Mo.  (200,000);  St.  Paul,  Minn.  (150,000);  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.  (175,000);  Marshalltown,  Iowa  (10,000);  Mason  City,  Iowa 
(4,000);  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa  (5,000);  Waterloo,  Iowa  (8,000);  Austin,  Minn. 
(5,000);  Waverly,  Iowa  (3,000);  St.  Charles,  111.  (2,500);  Sycamore.  111. 
(4,000).  Other  towns  and  villages  tributary  to  this  line  swell  the  grand  total 
to  nearly  3,000,000  people. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kan- 
sas City  railway  is  located  at  188  Clark  st.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase 
tickets  to  all  points  covered  by  the  system,  including  all  cities  and  towns  in 
the  West,  Northwest  and  Southwest,  secure  sleeping-car  berths,  etc.,  and 
obtain  all  necessary  information  regarding  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
trains.  Here,  also,  printed  information  in  relation  to  the  points  reached,  time 
tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

Chicago  &  Alton  Rulroad. — One  of  the  great  lines  of  railroad  extending 
from  the  city  to  the  south  and  southwest,  It  has  three  great  terminals — 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City,  and  between  these  centers  of  trade  and 
population  it  does  an  immense  business  annually.  Its  earnings  from  all 
sources  during  the  year  1890  was  17,065,753.15;  operating  expenses,  $4,382,- 
001.55;  net  earnings,  $2,683,751.60. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  489 

DEPOT. — All  trains  over  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad  arrive  at,  and 
depart  from,  the  Union  passenger  station,  Canal,  between  Madison  and  Adams 
streets,  West  Side.  Here  every  arrangement  is  provided  for  the  comfort  and 
convenience  of  patrons.  There  are  handsome  waiting  rooms  for  ladies  and 
gentlemen.  Depot  agents  give  all  desirable  information,  and  see  that  passen- 
gers make  no  mistakes  in  taking  trains.  Attendants  are  at  hand  to  see  to  the 
wants  of  ladies, children  and  infirm  persons. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad  is"  one  of  the  most  com- 
pletely and  superbly  equipped  lines  in  tbe  world.  Its  trains  are  always 
clean,  comfortable  and  elegant.  They  are  always  on  time,  and  delays  and 
accidents  are  unheard  of  in  connection  with  this  admirably  managed  rail  way. 
The  6  P.  M.  Kansas  City  vestibuled  limited  is  a  solid  vestibuled  train,  running 
through  from  Chicago  to  Kansas  City  without  change,  and  composed  of  new 
vestibuled  smoking  cars,  new  vestibuled  day  cars,  new  vestibuled  reclining 
chair  cars,  free  of  extra  charge;  new  Pullman  buffet  vestibuled  twelve-section 
sleeping  cars,  and  vestibuled  dining  cars.  Supper  in  dining  car  from  Chicago, 
6  P.  M.,to  Dwight,  8:12p.  M.  Breakfast  in  dining  car  from  Slater,  5:25  A.M., 
to  Kansas  City,  8:30  A.  M.  The  Kansas  City,  limited,  also  carries  a  through 
Pullman  sleeping  car  from  Chicago  to  Denver  via  Kansas  City  and  the  Union 
Pacific  Ry.  The  Day  Express,  leaving  Chicago  9  A.  M.  daily,  has  reclining 
chair  cars  and  ladies'  palace  day  cars  (seats  free  of  extra  charge),  and  Pullman 
parlor  car  Chicago  to  St.  Louis.  Through  coaches,  Chicago  to  St.  Louis. 
Dining-car,  Pontiac  to  Bloomington  ;  through  Pullman  buffet  sleeping  car, 
St.  Louis  to  Hot  Springs.  St.  Louis  vestibuled  limited,  leaving  Chicago  9 
A.  M.,  is  a  solid  vestibuled  train  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  composed  of 
palace  reclining-chair  cars,  palace  day  cars  (frte  of  extra  charge).  Pullman 
compartment  sleeping  cars  and  Pullman  buffet  sleeping  cars  from  Chicago  to 
St.  Louis.  Pullman  buffet  sleeping  and  reclining-chair  cai  s  (seats  free  of  extra 
charge),  St.  Louis  to  Hot  Springs. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad^ 
Company  are  located  in  the  Mouadnock  Building  on  the  southwest  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Jackson  streets. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  wil  probably  have  to  do  exclu- 
sively with  the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad,  it  is 
suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special  trains,  special 
cars,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  routes, 
etc.,  he  communicate  with,  or  call  upon, -Mr.  James  Charlton,  General  Pas- 
senger and  Ticket  Agent,  Mouadnock  building,  southwest  corner  Dearborn 
and  Jackson  streets,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
railroad  for  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City,  all  intermediate  points  and  points 
beyond,  south,  southwest  and  west.  Take  this  line  for  Joliet,  Dwight, 
Pontiac,  Chenoa,  Normal,  Bloomiqgton,  Springfield. Mason  City,  Petersburg, 
Ashland.  Jacksonville,  lloodhouse,  Pleasant  Hill  anel  points  tribut- 
ary in  Illinois;  for  Louisana,  Bowling  Green,  Mexico,  Fulton,  Centralia, 
Glasgow,  Slater,  Marshall,  Blackburn,  Bates  City,  Glendale,  Independence, 
Kansas  City  and  points  tributary  in  Missouri.  Take  this  line  for  Carrollton, 
Jerseyville,  Alton,  Edwardsville,  East  St.  Louis,  and  all  other  points  between 
Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  and  for  St.  Louis  and  all  points  in  the  South  and 
Southwest.  Connections  are  made  with  every  railroad  and  every  railway 
system  operating  in  the  South,  Southwest  and  West,  by  the  trains  of  this 
company,  either  at  points  along  the  lines  or  at  the  Great  Union  depots  of 


490  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

St.  Louis  or  Kansas  City.  A  Pullman  sleeping  car  runs  daily  between 
Chicago  and  Denver,  via  Kansas  City  and  the  Union  Pacific  railway 
and  on  fast  limited  time.  Three  daily  trains  from  Chicago 
to  Kansas  City,  and  four  daily  trains  from  Kansas  City  to  Chicago. 
The  Chica  go  &  Alton  affords  a  magnificent  route  from  Chicago  to 
Memphis,  Mobile,  New  Orleans  and  all  points  south,  via  St.  Louis.  It  is  a 
direct  line  to  and  from  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Texas,  Kansas,  Colorado,  New 
Mexico,  Mexico,  Arizona,  Nebraska,  California,  Oregon,  etc.  It  is  a  favorite 
route  to  and  fromKansaslands  and  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  California  health 
and  pleasure  resorts  and  the  mining  districts  of  the  great  West.  Excursion 
tickets  are  sold  via  the  Chicago&  Alton  atgreatly  reduced  rates  to  Austin,  Texas 
Cedar  Keys,  Fla. ;  Charleston,  S.  C.;  El  Paso,  Texas;  Eureka  Springs,  Ark 
Fernandina,  F!a. ;  Gainesville,  Texas:  Galveston,  Texas;  Hot  Springs.  Ark. 
Houston,  Texas;  Jacksonville,  Fla.;  Las  Vegas  Hot  Springs,  N.  M. ;  Mexico 
City,  Mex.,  Mobile,  Ala.;  New  Orleans,  La.;  Pensacola,  Fla.;  San  Antonia, 
Texas;  Savannah,  Ga.;  Tampa,  Fla.;  Thomasville,  Ga.;  Waldo,  Fla. ;  Los 
Angeles,  San  Francisco  and  all  California  and  Oregon  points;  to  Ogden, 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  all  the  famous  winter  resets  in  the  West,  and  South. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad  Company  are:  T.  B.  Blackstone,  president;  J.  C.  McMullin,  vice- 
president;  James  H.  Foster,  secretary  and  treasurer;  C.  H.  Chappell,  general 
manager,  Chauncey  Kelsey,  auditor;  James  Charlton,  general  passenger  and 
ticket  agent;  H.  H.  Courtright,  general  freight  agent. 

%  TICKET  OFFICE. — The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad 
is  located  at  195  South  Clark  street;  Robert  Summerville,  city  passenger  and 
ticket  agent.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  all  points  covered  by 
the  lines  of  this  road  or  on  connecting  lines,  secure  sleeping-car  berths,  etc., 
and  obtain  information  regarding  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  rates  of 
fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter  relating  to  the  road  and  its  connections, 
time  tables,  etc,.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

Chicago  and  Calumet  Terminal  Railway  Company. — This  company  wap 
organized  and  constructed  for  the  transfer  of  freight  cars  between  the  different 
railway  lines,  industries  and  elevators  of  Chicago" and  vicinity.  It  is  at  pres- 
ent in  operation  from  South  Chicago  to  a  junction  with  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  a  distance  of  about  thirty-five  miles,  running  through 
the  manufacturing  districts  of  the  Calumet  region,  and  has  located  along  its 
line  some  of  the  largest  manufacturing  industries  in  that  section.  It  has  direct 
connections  with  and  crosses  the  following  roads:  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway,  Pittsburg,  Ft.  Wayne 
&  Chicago  Railway,  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railway,  Chicago  &  Erie  Railroad,  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  Chicago  «fc  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  Waba.sh  Railroad,  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad,  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad  and  the  Belt 
Railway  of  Chicago.  Its  principal  stations  are  at  South  Chicago,  Whitings 
(at  which  point  the  Standard  Oil  Company  are  located,  with  their  extensive 
refineries,  etc.)  East  Chicago,  Indiana;  Hammond,  Indiana;  Hegewisch,  Illi- 
nois; Dolton,  Illinois;  Riverdale,  Illinois;  Blue  Island,  Illinois;  Wireton  Park, 
Illinois;  Alsip,  Illinois;  Johnstone,  Stickm-y  (also  known  as  the  Chicago 
Union  Transfer  Company's  yards),  Chappell  and  McCook.  This  road  is  doing 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  491 

much  to  develop  the  section  of  country  through  which  ii.  runs,  and  a  large 
number  of  important  manufacturing  firms  are  negotiating  for  locations  along 
its  Hue.  This  system  will  be  soon  connected  with  the  Chicago  &  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  will  make  it  a  complete  belt  line,  encircling  the  city, 
connecting  with  every  railroad  north,  east,  west  and  south.  Its  general 
offices  are  located  in  the  Grand  Central  Passenger  Station,  corner  of  Harrison 
street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  and  its  different  officers  are  as  follows:  D.  S.  Wegg, 
president;  S.  R.  Ainslie,  general  manager;  T.  J.  Hyman,  auditor;  Henry  S. 
Hawley,  general  agent;  W.  S.  Jones,  chief  engineer;  E.  R.  Knowlton,  super- 
intend" nt. 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois. — Mileage,  472;  earnings  last  fiscal  year, 
$3,200,000;  number  of  locomotives,  98;  freight  cars,  8,500;  passenger  cars, 
76.  All  trains  arrive  at  and  depart  from  Dearborn  Station,  Dearborn  st.  and 
Fourth  ave.  A  solid  vestibule  train  with  dining  car  runs  between  Chicago 
and  Nashville,  Tenn.,  via  Evansville  and  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  rail- 
road. This  train  leaves  Chicago  daily  at  4  P.M.,  arriving  at  Nafhville  at  7 
A.  M.  the  next  dav.  Returning,  train  leaves  Nashville  at  7:50  p.  M.,  and 
arrives  in  Chicago  at  11:20  A.  M.  the  next  day.  The  passenger  trains  .of  this 
company  are  all  very  handsomely  equipped,  and  the  road  is  a  most  popular 
one  with  the  commercial  public  and  travelers  in  search  of  pleasure  and  health. 

Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway. — This  is  the  connecting  line  between 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  System  of  Canada,  and  the  systems  of  railway  in 
the  United  States  centering  in  Chicago.  It  is  one  of  the  most  efficiently  con- 
ducted lines  on  the  continent,  and,  as  forming  a  link  between  the  Dominion 
and  the  United  States  systems,  one  of  the  most  important.  An  idea  of  the 
immense  amount  of  business  transacted  by  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  rail- 
way may  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  during  the  year  1889  its  gross  receipts 
were  $3,633,324.16;  its  working  expenses,  $2,722,735.97,  and  its  net  revenue, 
$910,588.19. 

CENTRAL  DEPOT. — Trains  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway  arrive 
and  depart  from  the  magnificent  passenger  depot,  known  as  the  Dearborn 
Station,  foot  of  Dearborn  st.,  corner  of  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  equipment  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  rail- 
way is  first-class  in  every  respect.  Magnificent  trains  are  run  at  frequent 
intervals  to  all  points  in  Michigan  and  Canada.  Luxurious  passenger  and 
sleeping  cars,  elegant  day  coaches,  dining  room  and  buffet  cars  accompany  all 
its  through  express  trains.  The  tracks  are  steel  and  both  the  road-bed  and 
rolling  stock  are  maintained  at  the  highest  standard. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  company  are  located  at 
Detroit,  Mich.,  and  at  Chicago.  The  latter  is  located  at  300  to  312  Rialto 
building.  Van  Buren  st.,  rear  of  the  Board  of  Trade  building,  and  opposite 
the  Van  Buren  Street  depot.  The  principal  representatives  of  the  company 
in  Chicago  are:  Mr.  G.  B.  Reeve,  the  traffic  manager,  and  Mr.  W.  E.  Davis, 
the  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.  — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to 
arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  accommodations  for  large 
parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he  communicate  with  Mr.  W.  E. 
Davis,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Rialto  building,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general,  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  railway  for  all  points  in  central  and  northeastern  Michigan,  for  all 


492  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

points  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada  covered  by  the  Grand  Trunk  railway,  and 
for  all  points  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States.  Take  this  line  for 
Valparaiso, South  Bend,  Battle  Creek,  Lansing,  Durand,  Flint,  Detroit,  Sarnia, 
London,  Hamilton,  Niagara  Falls,  Buffalo.Toronto,  Montreal,  Portland,  New 
York  and  Boston.  (See  Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada.) 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  railway  are:  L.  J.  Seargeant,  president,  Montreal,  Que. ;  W.  J.  Spicer, 
general  manager,  Detroit,  Mich.;  G.  B.  Reeve,  traffic  manager,  Chicago;  W. 
E.  Davis,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  railway  is  located  at  103  South  Clark  st.  Here  the  visitor  may  pur- 
chase tickets  to  any  point  covered  by  the  line,  or  by  the  lines  comprising  the 
system  of  the  Grand  Trunk  railway  of  Canada,  or  on  any  of  the  numerous 
connecting  lines,  east  and  west,  and  obtain  all  necessary  information  concern- 
ing the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed 
matter,  containing  general  information  regarding  the  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  railway  proper,  and  connecting  lines,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

SL.CLAIR  TUNNEL. — This  is  the  greatest  submarine  tunnel  in  the  world.  It 
extends  from  Port  Huron,  Michigan,  under  the  St.  Clair  River  to  Sarnia,  in 
the  Canadian  Province  of  Ontario,  and  connects  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway 
system  of  Canada  with  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and  its  connect- 
ing and  associate  lines.  The  tunnel  proper  is  a  continuous  iron  tube,  nineteen 
feet  and  ten  inches  in  diameter,  and  6025  feet  in  length  (or  a  trifle  over  one 
mile).  The  approaches,  in  addition  to  the  tunnel  proper,  are  5,603  feet  in 
length,  making  all  told  a  little  over  two  miles.  This  great  international 
undertaking  was  completed  at  a  cost  of  $2,700,000,  and  opened  for  freight 
traffic  October  27th.  and  for  passenger  traffic  December  7,  1891.  The  tunnel 
is  lighted  by  incandescent  electric  lamps,  placed  at  suitable  intervals.  By 
reason  of  the  method  of  construction  employed,  and  the  material  (iron)  used 
therein,  the  tunnel  is  absolutely  water-tight.  As  illustrating  the  accuracy  of 
engineering  skill,  and  wilhout  entering  into  lengthy  details,  suffice  it  to  say 
that  the  construction  of  the  tunnel  was  begun  and  carried  on  from  both  the 
American  and  Canadian  sides  of  the  river  simultaneously,  and  when  the 
edges  of  the  tunnel  shields  met  midway  under  the  river  bed,  the  total  errors 
in  line  were  found  to  be  too  small  for  measurement.  Trains  of  the  Chicago 
&  Grand  Trunk  Railway  are  hauled  through  the  tunnel  by  coke-burning 
engines  specially  constructed  for  the  purpose.  They  are  said  to  be  the 
largest  engines  in  the  world.  The  entire  weight  of  the  engine  and  tender 
rests  upon  ten  drive-wheels.  The  weight  of  one  of  these  monster  engines  in 
actual  service  is  found  to  be  approximately  one  hundred  tons. 

Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad . — The  object  for  which  theChicago  & 
Northern  Pacific  was  incorporated  was  to  operate  a  belt  road  around  Chicago 
for  suburban  traffic  and  to  furnish  an  entry  to  the  city  and  terminal  facilities 
here,  both  passenger  and  freight,  for  such  roads  as  might  require  them.  [See 
Wisconsin  Central  Lines  for  lease  of  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Terminal 
to  Northern  Pacific  Company.]  In  addition  to  the  Wisconsin  Central  it  now 
furnishes  such  facilities  to  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A:  Kansas  City  and  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  R.  R.,  which  hasequal  rights  in  the  Grand  Central  passenger  station 
with  the  Wisconsin  Central.  Quite  a  number  of  the  roads  are  customers  of 
this  company  for  transfer  purposes.  It  lacks  but  a  small  link  to  connect  the 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  493 

Hues  of  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Chicago  &  Calumet  Termi- 
nal, and  the  company  will  then  have  a  complete  belt  line  around  the  city, 
crossing  the  tracks  of  every  road  entering  it.  Part  of  this  link  is  now  under 
construction,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  whole  of  it  will  be  completed  within 
a  very  short  time.  Neither  the  Wisconsin  Central,  Chicago,  St.  Paul&  Kan- 
sas City  nor  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  now  does  a  suburban  business,  as  far  as 
the  tracks  of  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  exterd.  That  part,  of  the 
traffic  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  reserves  for  itself  and  it  is  one  of  the 
conditions  required  of  all  lines  leasing  its  tracks  for  passenger  purposes  that 
they  leave  this  business  for  it.  It  runs  thirty-six  trains  daily  between  Chi- 
cago and  Conv/ay  Park  and  uses  practically  two  lines  for  this  suburban  busi- 
ness. One  of  these  is  the  old  dummyroad  from  W.  Fortieth  st.  to  Altenheim 
and  Waldheim  cemeteries.  This  road  has  been  thoroughly  overhauled  and  a 
double  track  laid  the  entire  distance.  A  good  deal  of  confusion  exists  in  the 
public  mind  regarding  the  Grand  Central  dope  t  and  the  terminal  facilities 
connected  with  it.  Most  people  regard  it  as  the  property  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  road  or  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  which  has  acquired  title  to  the  pos- 
session of  that  corporation.  This  is  a  mistake.  All  the  terminals  in  this  city 
and  the  line  of  road  over  which  the  Wisconsin  Central  trains  run  into  the 
city  from  Altenheim  really  belong  to  a  company  separate  and  distinct  from 
both  the  Wisconsin  Central  and  the  Northern  Pacific,  of  the  very  existence 
of  which  many  people  are  in  ignorance.  This  is,  no  doubt,  in  large  measure, 
owing  to  the  similarity  of  name  of  this  company  and  that  of  the  Northern 
Pacific.  Its  corporate  title  is  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific,  and  it  was 
this  company  and  not  the  Northern  Pacific  proper  which  recently  purchased 
the  Chicago  &  Calumet  terminal  road.  Reference  to  the  "  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral Lines"  and  "Northern  Pacific  Railroad"  will  show  the  connection  of 
these  several  corporations. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — The  officers  of  the  Chicago  &  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  are  all  located  in  Chicago  and  are  as  follows: 
D.  S.  Wegg,  president;  H.  S.  Boutell,  secretary  and  general  solicitor;  8.  R. 
Ainslie,  general  manager;  T.  J.  Hyman,  auditor;  Henry  S.  Hawley,  general 
agent;  E.  R.  Knowlton,  superintendent;  W.S.Jones,  chief  engineer.  The 
general  offices  are  located  in  the  Grand  Central  depot,  Harrison  tt.  and  Fifth 
ave. 

Chicago  &  North-  Western  Railway. — The  Chicago  &  North-Western  rail- 
way system  has  more  than  7,2(10  miles  of  first-class  railway,  traversing  the 
States  of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Minnesota  North  and  South  Dakota, 
Nebraska,  northern  Michigan  and  Wyoming.  In  the  year  1890  nearly  1,200 
locomotives  and  37,200  cars  were  necessary  to  handle  the  enormous  traffic 
originating  at  the  2,000  stations  on  this  great  line.  It  is  one  of  the  leading 
thoroughfares  from  Chicago  to  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha, 'Sioux  City;  Chicago 
to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  Chicago  to  Milwaukee  and  Marquette,  Chicago 
to  Ashland  and  Duluth,  Chicago  to  Des  Moiues  and  Sioux  City;  Chicago  to 
Huron  and  Pierre.  It  reaches  Madison,  the  capital  of  Wisconsin;  St. 
Paul,  the  capital  of  Minnesota;  Des  Moines,  the  capital  of  Iowa;  Lincoln, 
the  capital  of  Nebraska;  Pierre,  the  capital  of  South  Dakota.  It  runs  solid 
vestibuled  trains  of  elegant  coaches,  free  reclining-chaircarsand  palace  sleep- 
ing and  dining  cars  between  Chicago  and  Denver  and  Chicago  and  Portland, 
Ore.,  without  change,  with  through  sleeping  cars  to  San  Francisco,  in  addi- 
tion to  running  trains  from  Chicago  to  eveiy  leading  city  in  the  States 
above  named.  More  than  1,000  conductors  are  employed  to  look  after  the 

\ 


494  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

comfort  of  the  millions  of  passengers  that  travel  yearly  by  the  North -Western. 
Its  lines  traverse  an  empire  of  inexhaustible  resources,  and  the  territory  pro- 
duces yearly  millions  of  tons  of  corn,  wheat,  oats,  lumber,  iron  ore,  pig  iron, 
gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  cattle,  horses,  hogs,  poultry,  fish,  broom  corn,  flax, 
beer,  packed  pork  and  beef,  fresh  meats,  etc.,  etc.  'the  surface  of  the  terri- 
tory it  traverses  presents  nearly  every  feature  known  to  the  descriptive 
writer:  prairie,  mountain,  woodland,  mining  camps,  etc.,  etc.,  and  it  can 
show  rivers  and  lakes,  and  other  charms  of  rural  scenery  not  surpassed  in  any 
country  in  the  world.  It  was  the  pioneer  railroad  westward  from  Chicago, 
and  its  history  furnishes  the  most  striking  illustration  of  rapid  growth  and 
development.  From  the  Galena  &  Chicago  Union  railway,  consisting  of 
forty -two  miles,  over  which  trains  were  first  run  in  1850,  has  grown  what  is 
now  known  as  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway  system,  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  in  the  world .  It  runs  Pullman  and  Wagner  vestibuled  sleepers 
on  all  its  through  trains.  It  runs  its  own  unequaled  dining  cars  on  all  prin- 
cipal trains.  Its  road-bed  is  as  good  as  any  in  the  country.  Its  bridges  are 
of  steel,  unequaled  by  those  of  any  railroad  in  the  world.  Its  trains  connect 
with  all  of  the  roads  east  of  Chicago  and  beyond  its  own  termini.  Ticket 
agents  everywhere  sell  tickets  via  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway,  and 
it  has  its  own  agencies  in  all  of  the  larger  cities  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific 
coasts,  as  well  as  in  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  Wyoming  and  Utah.  More 
than  165  trains  arrive  and  depart  from  its  great  central  passenger  station  in 
Chicago  daily. 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  NOKTH- WESTERN  COMPANY. — The  number  of  miles  of 
track  operated  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Company,  exclusive 
of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha,  and  the  Sioux  City  & 
Pacific  railroads,  which  are  operated  under  this  management,  was  in  1891 
$4,254.55;  the  gross  earnings  were  $27,798,674.41;  the  expenses  of  operation, 
including  taxes,  interests  and  sinking  fund,  were  $24,113,111.72;  the  net  rev- 
enue was  $3,680,562.69;  the  dividends  declared  for  the  year  were  $3,445,804; 
the  balance  of  net  earnings  was  $234,758.69;  the  passenger  earnings  were 
$6,700,351  38;  the  freight  earnings,  $19,829,341.31;  the  earnings  from  the 
carriage  of  express  company's  goods  were  $416,925.58;  from  the  carriage  of 
United  States  mail  matter,  $598,562.70;  and  the  miscellaneous  earnings 
amounted  to  $248,493.44.  The  taxes  paid  by  the  company  amounted  to 
$854,476  34.  The  whole  number  of  passengers  carried  during  the  year  on  the 
Chicago  &  North-Western  railway  proper  was  13, 184, 829,  being  a  netincrease 
of  1,042,040  over  the  previous  year.  The  number  of  passenger  trains  run 
during  the  year  was  125,691;  the  average  number  run  each  working  day  was 
401^-;  the  average  number  of  miles  run  by  each  train  was  58^;  thenumber 
of  passenger  cars  hauled  was412,461;|the  average  number  of  passengers  in  each 
train  per  mile  run  was  42-j?0?0-;  and  the  average  number  carried  in  each  passen- 
ger cur  per  mile  run  was  12^4BV  The  business  of  the  Chicago  &  Norlh-West- 
ern  railway  is  constantly  increasing,  so  that  the  transactions  in  all  depart- 
ments of  the  service  for  the  year  ending  on  the  thirty  first  of  May,  1892,  will 
show  a  large  increase  over  the  figures  given  above.  The  increase,  for  instance, 
in  the  gross  earnings  of  the  year  covered  by  the  last  report  over  the  previous 
year  was  $628,837  34. 

CAPITAL  STOCK. — Up  to  the  date  of  the  last  report  of  the  company  the 
common  stock  and  scrip  outstanding  amounted  to  $31,377,327.92;  the  common 
Stock  and  scrip  owned  by  the  company  amounted  to  $10,007,538.05; 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  495 

total  common  stock  and  scrip,  $41,384,86597.  Preferred  stock  and  scrip 
outstanding,  $23, 333,] 70;  preferred  stock  and  scrip  owned  by  the  company, 
$2,284.56;  total  preferred  stock  and  scrip,  $22,335,454.56. 

CONDITION  OF  TRACK. — The  greater  part  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway  system  is  laid  with  steel  rails  of  the  heaviest  and  best  quality. 
Double  tracks  are  laid  over  portions  of  the  road  where  the  greatest  amount  of 
service  is  required. 

DIVISIONS  OF  THE  SVSTEM. — There  are  three  principal  divisions  of  lines 
of  the  Chicago. &  North- Western  railway,  immediately  tributary  to  the  city, 
viz.:  The  Galena  division,  theMihvaukee  division  and  the  Wisconsin  division, 
each  practically  an  independent  trunk  line  in  itself,  and  each  havingits  own 
branches  and  territory.  The  Galena  division  shootsulmost  directly  West  from 
Chicago  to  Council  Bluffs  and  Omaha,  with  a  branch  to  Sioux  City  and  Sioux 
Falls.  This  may  be  called  the  main  stem  of  the  system,  and  it  connects  at 
Omaha  with  the  Union  Pacific.  Take  this  division  for  the  Illinois  and 
Iowa  towns  of  Turner  (30  miles),  Geneva  (35  miles),  DeKalb  (58  miles), 
Rochelle  (74  miles),  Dixon  (109  miles),  Pulton  (135  miles),  Clinton,  Iowa  (157 
miles),  Cedar  Rapids  (219  miles),  Marshalitown  (2^8  miles),  Council  Bluffs 
(490  miles),  Omaha,  Neb.  (493  miles),  and  all  points  on  the  Union  Pacific 
system,  including  Fremont  (539  miles),  Grand  Island  (648  miles),  Kearney, 
(685  miles).  North  Platte  (784  miles),  Julesburg.  Colo.  (865  miles),  Cheyenne 
Wyo.  (1,009  miles).  Denver,  (1,062  miles),  Laramie  (1066  miles).  Ogden  (1,523 
miles),  Salt  Lake  (1,561  miles),  Sacramento  (2,267  miles),  San  Francisco  (2  8*7 
miles),  Los  Angeles  (2,712  miles),  San  Diego  (2,890  miles),  Walla  Wnllo  (0.1?P 
miles),  Spokane  (2,334  miles),  the  Dalles  (on  the  Columbia  rivfr,  Oregon, 
2,226  miles),  Portland  (2,314  miles),  Tacoma (2,459  miles).  Seattle  (2,500  miles), 
where  connection  is  made  with  elegant  passenger  steamers  on  Puget  Sound 
for  Port  Towusend,  Victoria,  B.  C. ;  Vancouver  and  all  points  in  Alaska. 
The  Milwaukee  division  skirts  the  lake  to  the  metropolis  oi  Wisconsin,  and 
then  shoots  toward  the  northwest.  Take  this  division  for  Milwaukee  (85 
miles),  Fond  du  Lac  (148  miles),  Oshkosh  (166  miles),  Appleton  (185  miles), 
Menominee  (262  miles),  Escanaba  (328  miles),  Isbpeming  (392  miles)  and  the 
great  lumbering  and  copper  mining  region  of  the  Northwest,  as  well  as  the 
wheat  belt,  the  Lake  Superior  district  and  Duluth  (475  miles1),  or,  branching 
off  at  Eau  Claire  (322  miles),  take  this  division  for  St.  Paul  (409  miles)  and 
Minneapolis  (420  miles).  The  Wisconsin  division  may  be  termed  the  great 
Northwestern  route,  penetrating  as  it  does  the  wonderful  wheat-growing 
State  of  South  Dakota.  Take  this  division  for  Beloit  (77  miles);  Madison, 
capital  of  Wisconsin  (138  miles),  Baraboo  (175  miles),  Winona  (297  miles), 
Rochester  (347  miles),  New  Ulm  (468  miles),  Huron  (662  miles)  and  Pierre 
(781  miles),  also  for  Dead  wood  and  the  Black  Hills  country.  Besides  the 
divisions  mentioned  there  are:  The  Peninsular  division,  the  Madison  divis- 
ion, the  Io.va  division,  the  Northern  Iowa  division,  the  Dakota  division  and 
the  Winona  and  St.  Peter  division,  all  covering  territory  as  interesting  to  the 
traveler  and  pleasure-seeker  as  that  nearer  Chicago. 

EQUIPMENT  OF  THE  ROAD. — The  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  Com- 
pany is  one  of  the  best  equipped  railroads  in  existence.  Its  rolling  stock  is 
kept  in  the  most  perfect  order  ;  nearly  all  of  its  passenger  cars  and  locomotives 
are  of  modern  build  ;  its  first-class  cars,  including  chair  cars,  dining  room, 
parlor  and  sleeping  cars,  are  luxurious.  The  total  number  of  locomotive 
engines  at  the  close  of  the  year  covered  in  the  last  report  was  846;  the  total 


496  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

number  of  cars  of  all  kinds,  for  passenger,  freight  and  road  service,  was 
26,906.  Of  this  number  302  were  first-class  passenger  cars,  11  were  parlor 
cars,  6  were  chair  cars,  9  were  dining  cars,  28  were  second-class  passenger 
cars,  49  were  combination  cars,  117  were  baggage  and  express  cars,  and  28 
were  mail  cars.  The  remainder  were  in  the  freight  and  road  service. 

GKNERAI,  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western 
Railway  Company  are  located  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and 
Lake  streets,  about  three  blocks  south  of  central  passenger  station. 

PASSENGER  DEPOT. — The  central  station  or  passenger  depot  of  the  Chi- 
cago &  North- Western  railway  in  Chicago  is  located  at  the  corner  of  Wells 
and  Kinzie  streets,  North  Side.  It  is  a  new  and  magnificent  structure,  where 
every  accommodation  is  provided  for  the  traveling  public.  Trains  arrive  at 
and  leave  this  depot  at  intervals  of  a  few  minutes  from  daylight  till  midnight 
every  day, from  and  forall  pointsin  the  great  West  and  Northwest.  Thevisitor 
will  be  interested  in  the  morning  or  evening  by  watching  the  immense  throngs 
of  people  arriving  and  departing,  and  observing  the  admirable  system  which 
is  maintained ,  and  the  total  absence  of  confusion.  Depot  agents  are  on  hand 
to  see  that  strangers  make  no  mistakes  in  boarding  trains. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  -passenger  department  of  this  system  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that 
with  reference  to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommo- 
dations of  large  parties,  or  the  making  of  special  plans  for  tours,  he  call  upon, 
or  communicate  with,  Mr.  W.  A.  Thrall,  the  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agent;  General  Office?,  22  Fifth  avenue,  Chicago. 

POINTS  ON  THE  SYSTEM. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway  for  all  points  in  northern  and  western  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Nebraska,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  North  and  South  Dakota,  Mon- 
tana, Idaho,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Utah,  Nevada,  Oregon,  Washington  and 
California.  Frequent  trains  depart  for  Milwaukee  (85  miles),  the  beautiful 
metropolis  of  Wisconsin;  for  Waukesha  (102  miles),  the  great  northern  health 
and  summer  resort;  for  St.  Paul  (409  miles)  and  Minneapolis  (420  miles),  the 
twin  wonders,  of  Minnesota;  for  Omaha (493  miles),  the  most  remarkable  city 
of  the  Missouri  Valley;  for  Denver  (1,062  miles),  the  great  central  depot  of 
the  Colorado  mining  country,  and  one  of  the  best  built  cities  on  the  globe. 
Take  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway  for  Sioux  City,  Sioux  Falls, 
Pierre,  Deadwood,  iu  the  Black  Hills  mining  country,  and  all  points  in  the 
great  wheat  belt  of  the  Dakotas;  also  for  Cheyenne  and  Salt  Lake  City;  also 
for  Portland,  Tacoma,  Seattle,  and  all  points  on  Puget  Sound.  Take  this  line 
for  Sacramento,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego,  and  all  points  in  the 
great  fruit-growing  and  wine-producing  district  of  California.  In  whatever 
direction  you  may  travel  over  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway  you  will 
be  carried  through  the  most  beautiful  country  iu  the  United  States,  by  grow- 
ing towns  and  prosperous  cities,  and  the  accommodations  afforded  by  the 
company  are  such  that  the  usual  fatigues  of  traveling,  as  well  as  the 
annoyances  and  dangers,  are  reduced  to  a  minimum.  The  points  of  interest 
near  Chicago  reached  by  this  line  are  referred  to  under  the  head  of  "Out- 
lying Chicago." 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway  Company  are:  Marvin  Hughitt,  president;  M.  L.  Sykes, 
vice  president,  treasurer  and  secretary;  M.  M.  Eirkman,  second  vice-presi- 
dent; William  H.  Newman,  third  vice-president;  S.  O.  Howe,  assistant 
treasurer  and  assistant  secretary;  J.  B.  Redneld,  auditor  and  assistant  secre- 
tary; W.  H.  Stennett,  auditor  of  expenditures;  John  M.  Whitman,  general 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  DOUGLAS  MONUMENT,  DOUGLAS  PLACE. 

[See  "  Monuments."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  49? 

manager.  SherLurne  Sanboin,  general  superintendent;  John  E.  Blunt,  chief 
engineer;  William  C.  Goudy,  general  counsel;  C.  8.  Darrow  attorney;  H.  R. 
McCullough,  general  freig'ht  agent;  William  A.  Thrall,  general  passenger 
and  ticket  agent;  Charles  Hay  ward,  purchasing  agent;  Charles  E.  Simmons, 
land  commissioner;  Frank  P.  Crandon,  tax  commissioner;  William  Smith, 
superintendent  motive  power  and  machinery. 

SUMMER  RESORTS. — Some  of  the  most  charming  summer  resorts  on  the 
continent  are  situated  on  the  lines  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway. 
Nearly  all  are  easily  accessible  to  visitors.  The  company  runs  trains  for  the 
special  accommodation  of  those  who  wish  to  visit  those  places.  Among  the 

freat  liealMi  and  pleasure  resorts  are:  Waukesha,  Beloit,  Jarresville,  Madison, 
IcHenry,  Lake  Geneva,  Williams  Bay,  Fond  du  Lac,  Green  Lake,  Oshkosh 
and  Neenah.  In  the  vicinity  of  these  places  are  to  be  found  all  that  the 
huntsman  or  fisherman  could  desire  in  the  way  of  sport.  From  four  to  six 
trains  daily  leave  for  the  accommodation  of  pleasure-seekers  during  the 
summer  months. 

TICKET  OFFICES. — The  central  ticket  offices  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  railway  are  located  at  206  and  208  S.  Clark  street,  near  the  general 
Post  Office.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  any  point  on  the  lines 
covered  by  the  system,  or  to  any  point  on  connecting  lines,  sleeping-car 
tickets,  etc.,  and  obtain  all  necessary  information  concerning  the  arrival  and 
departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter,  containing 
general  information  regarding  the  lines  covered  by  the  system,  time  tables, 
etc.,  may  he  had  free  on  application. 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway. — This  line  is  famil- 
iarly and  popularly  known  as  the  "Big  Four  Route,"  a  name  which  it 
derives  from  the  fact  that  it  has  for  its  quartette  of  terminals  four  of  the 
largest  cities  in  the  West — Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati  and  Cleveland.  It 
forms  apart  of  the  great  Vanderbilt  system  of  railways.  This  railroad  was  for 
many  years  known  as  "  The  Bee  Line."  The  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincin- 
nati &  Indianapolis  Railway  Company,  which  may  be  called  the  parent  line, 
was  one  of  the  earliest  railroads  projected  or  built  in  Ohio,  being  incorporated 
March  14,  1846. 

DEPOT. — The  Central  Depot  of  the  Big  Four  System  is  located  at  the 
foot  of  Lake  and  Randolph  streets.  [See  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Depot.] 

GENERAL  PASSENGER  AGENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do 
with  the  passenge^r  department  of  this  line  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that 
regarding  all  matters  connected  with  accommodation  of  an  extraordinary 
character,  such  as  the  engagement  of  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  making 
provision  for  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  he  com- 
municate with,  or  call  upon,  Mr.  D.  B.  Martin,  General  Passenger  and 
Ticket  Agent  of  the  Company,  Cincinnati,  O. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS.— The  principal  officers  of  the  Big  Four  System  of 
railroads  are:  M.  E.  InirsilJs,  president,  Cincinnati;  J.  D.  Layng,  vice-presi- 
dent, New  York;  Joseph  Ramsey,  Jr.,  general  manager,  Cincinnati;  E.  F. 
Osborn,  secretary,  Cincinnati;  George  S.  Russell,  treasurer,  Cleveland; 
Oscar  G.  Murray,  traffic  manager,  Cincinnati;  D.  B  Martin,  general  pas- 
senger agent,  Cincinnati;  H.'  M.  Bronson,  assistant  general  passenger 
agent,  Indianapolis,  Ind  . ;  A.  S.  White,  general  freight  agent,  Cincinnati,  O. 

PRINCIPAL    OFFICERS    IN    CHICAGO.— The  principal  oflicers  of  the  Big 


498  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO, 

Four  System,  in  Chicago,  are:  J.  C.  Tucker,  general  Northern  agent;  H.  W. 
McCinniff,  city  passenger  agent;  H.  W.  Sparks,  passenger  agent;  C.  W. 
Norris,  traveling  passenger  agent;  E.  F.  Cost,  assistant  general  freight  agent. 
The  offices  of  the  company  in  Chicago  are  located  at  234  Clark  St.,  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel  Block,  in  the  business  center. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Big  Four  System  is 
located  in  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  building.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase 
tickets  over  the  various  lines  of  the  company,  and  connecting  roads,  and 
obtain  all  necessary  information  concerning  time  of  departure  and  arrival  of 
trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be 
had  free  on  application. 

Erie  Lines. — The  main  stem  of  the  Erie  railway  system  is  one  of  the  most 
important  lines  of  communication  between  the  Atlantic  seaboard  and  the 
great  lakes.  The  system  embraces  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  rail- 
road, 1,029.10  miles;  the  New  York,  Pennsylvania  &  Ohio  railroad,  576.82 
miles;  the  Chicago  &  Erie  railroad,  269.80  miles;  the  Buffalo  &  Southwestern 
railroad,  66.36  miles;  the  Tioga  railroad,  64.73  miles;  and  theNew  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  coal  and  railroad,  51.54  miles;  total,  2,056.35  miles. 

CHICAGO  CONNECTION. — The  Chicago  connection  of  the  Erie  Lines,  is  the 
Chicago  &  Erie  railroad  (late  Chicago  &  Atlantic).  All  passenger  trains  are 
run  through  without  change  from  Chicago  to  the  principal  points  covered  by 
the  Erie  system. 

DEPOT. — All  trains  of  the  Erie  Lines  (Chicago  &  Erie  railroad)  arrive  at 
and  depart  from  the  magnificent  passenger  depot  known  as  Dearborn  Station, 
foot  of  Dearborn  street,  corner  of  Polk  street  and  Third  avenue.  Take  State 
street  cable  cars.  Here  every  arrangement  is  made  for  the  convenience  and 
accommodation  of  patrons.  There  are  large  and  handsomely  furnished  wait- 
ing rooms  for  ladies  and  gentlemen.  Attendants  to  look  after  the  wants  of 
women  and  children  are  always  on  hand,  and  depot  agents  furnish  necessary 
information  and  see  that  no  mistakes  are  made  by  strangers  in  the  boarding 
of  trains,  etc. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC.— The  Erie  Lines  are  equipped  completely  in  the  most 
modern  fashion.  Their  trains  are  among  the  finest  leaving  New  York  or 
Chicago.  Some  of  its  cars  are  sumptuous;  the  vestibuled  through  express 
trains  are  composed  of  elegant  day  coaches,  sleepers,  buffet  and  dining  cars. 
The  tracks  are  of  steel  and  are  maintained  in  the  highest  condition.  The 
fastest  time  between  Chic  igo  and  New  York  is  made  over  this  line  without 
inconvenience  to  passengers  and  without  the  possibility  of  danger. 

GENEKAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Erie  Lines  are  located  in 
New  York,  Cleveland  and  Chicago.  The  offices  in  this  city  are  located  in  the 
Phenix  building,  corner  Clark  and  Jackson  streets. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  this  railroad  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that 
with  reference  to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommo- 
dation of  large  parties,  or  the  mapping  out  ofjpecial  routes  or  tours,  he  will 
call  upon,  or  communicate  with,  Mr.  D.  I.  Roberts,  General  Passenger 
Agent,  New  York  City,  or  with  Mr.  F.  W.  Buskirk,  Assistant  General  Pas- 
senger Agent,  Phenix  building,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Erie  Lines  for 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  499 

all  points  in  the  East.  With  its  main  line  and  branches  it  has  Western  ter- 
minals at  Chicago  and  Cincinnati,  the  roads  from  these  cities  uniting  at 
Marion,  Ohio.  Take  this  line  for  points  in  Northern  Indiana.  For  Lima, 
Dayton,  Durbin,  Springfield,  Urbana,  Marion,  Gallon,  Mansfield,  Ashland; 
Creston,  Sterling,  Kent,  Ravenna,  Solon,  Garrettsville,  Braceville,  Leavitts- 
burg,  Warren,  Leetonia,  Niles  and  Youngstown,  O.;  also  for  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  and  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  also  for  Newcastle,  Sharon,  Shenango,  Greenville, 
Oil  City,  Franklin,  Meadville  and  Union  City,  Pa.;  also  for  Jamestown, 
Cuautauqua  Lake,  Randolph,  Salamanca  and  Buffalo,  New  York.  Take 
this  line  for  Niagara  Falls,  for  Rochester,  Elmira,  Binghamton,  Port  Jer- 
vis  and  New  York  City.  Take  this  line  for  Albany,  New  York,  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  all  points  in  the  New  England  States,  and,  in  fact,  for  all  points 
north  and  south,  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard. 

PRINCIPAL,  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad  Company  are:  John  King,  President,  New  York; 
E.B.Thomas,  First  Vice-president;  Andrew  Donaldson,  Third  Vice-president, 
New  York;  J.  H.  Barrett,  Superintendent  of  Transportation,  Jersey  City; 
A.  M.  Tucker,  General  Manager,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  J.  C.  Moorehead,  Gen- 
eral Superintendent,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Edward  White,  Treasurer,  New  York; 
W.  Farrington,  Auditor,  New  York;  D.  I.  Roberts,  General  Passener  Agent, 
New  York;  F.  W.  Buskirk,  Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent,  Chicago. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  ticket  office  of  the  Erie  Lines  (Chicago  &  Erie 
railroad)  is  located  at  242  South  Clark  street,  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  Building,  in 
the  business  center.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  all  points 
covered  by  the  Erie  system  and  connecting  lines,  secure  sleeping-car  berths, 
and  obtain  all  necessary  information  concerning  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter,  containing  general 
information  regarding  the  lines  covered  by  the  system,  time  tables,  etc.,  may 
be  had  free  on  application. 

Grand  Trunk  Railway.— This  is  one  of  the  greatest  railroad  systems  on 
the  continent.  Its  lines  are  confined  to  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  but  through 
its  affiliations  and  connections  with  lines  operating  in  the  United  States,  the 
visitor  taking  the  Grand  Trunk,  either  coming  west  or  going  east,  may 
reach  any  point  in  the  northern  tier  of  States,  and  every  point  of  interest  or 
importance  in  Canada.  The  immediate  affiliations  of  the  Grand  Trunk  in  the 
United  States  are:  The  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  and  the  Detroit,  Grand 
Haven  &  Milwaukee;  Michigan  Air  Line;  Cincinnati,  Saginaw  &  Mackinaw; 
Toledo,  Saginaw  &  Muskegon,  the  operation  of  neither  of  which  roads  is 
included  in  those  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada. 

CHICAGO  CONNECTION. — The  Chicago  Connection  of  the  Grand  Trunk  is 
the  Chicago  and  Grand  Trunk  Railway  [See  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way.] The  depot  of  the  latter  company  is  known  as  Dearborn  Station,  and 
is  located  at  the  foot  of  Dearborn  street,  Corner  of  Polk  street  and  Third 
avenue. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  Grand  Trunk  railway  is  equipped  in  the  most 
modern  manner.  Its  locomotives  and  rolling  stock,  generally,  is  maintained 
in  the  best  of  order.  Its  tracks  are  kept  in  the  highest  condition,  and  acci- 
dents on  its  various  lines  are  almost  unheard  of.  Some  of  its  trains  are  lux- 
urious in  the  highest  degree,  and  every  attention  is  paid  to  the  little  details 


500  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

which  go  to  make  up  the  comfort  of  the  traveling  public.  The  recent  opening 
of  the  St.  Claire  tunnel,  connecting  Canada  with  the  United  States  at  Port 
Huron,  add  largely  to  facilities  for  international  communication  afforded 
by  this  system. 

OPERATIONS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — Some  idea  of  the  immense  operations  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  railway  may  be  formed  from  the  following  figures  repre- 
senting the  transactions  of  the  Company  in  1889:  Earnings  from  mails  and 
express,  $716,897 ;  passengers  carried,  6,526,701 ;  earnings  from  passenger 
traffic,  $5,988,677;  tons  of  merchandise  carried,  7,955,065;  earnings  from  mer- 
chandise traffic,  $12,772,446;  miscellaneous  earnings,  $95,733;  total  earnings, 
$19,573,754;  net  revenue,  $5,632,701. 

POINTS  REACHED  — Travelers  to  or  from  Chicago  will  take  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  for  all  points  of  interest  or  importance  in  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  east  of  Lake  Huron  and  the  Detroit  river.  European  visitors  will 
find  it  a  delightful  trip  to  come  to  Chicago  by  way  of  Quebec,  Montreal, 
Ottawa,  Toronto,  etc.  Tickets  may  be  purchased  at  any  of  the  eastern  cities 
for  transportation  in  this  direction.  The  Grand  Trunk  practically  enters 
into  Chicago  via  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  and  Wabash  railways. 
All  principal  points  in  Michigan  may  therefore  be  reached  by  this  line, 
and  at  Chicago,  connection  may  be  made  with  roads  for  all  parts  of  the 
West,  Northwest,  South  and  Southwest.  '  Going  east  take  the  Grand  Trunk, 
via  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  for  Niagara  Falls,  the  Thousand  Islands 
and  all  points  of  interest  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  as  well  as  in  the  northeastern 
portion  of  the  United  States,  Nova  Scotia,  etc.  Information  concerning 
routes,  etc.,  may  be  had  on  applying  at  the  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  & 
Grand  Trunk  railway,  103  Clark  street,  Chicago,  where,  also,  printed  matter, 
maps,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application.  [See  Chicago  & 
Grand  Trunk  Railway.] 

Illinois  Central  Railroad. — The  great  and  only  rail  artery  connecting  Lake 
Michigan  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  one  of  the  principal  and  one  of  the  most 
ably  managed  lines  in  the  United  States.  Miles  of  road  operated  during  the 
year  ending  June  30,  1891,  2,875;  cost  of  operation,  $11,890,366.21;  gross 
earnings,  $17,881,554.77;  net  earnings,  without  deducting  rentals  or  taxes, 
$5,991,188.56.  The  history  of  this  road  is  identical  with  that  of  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois, to  the  prosperity  of  whose  peopleit  has  contributed  in  a  very  large  measure. 
The  charter  under  which  thecorporation  was  organized  exempts  the  company's 
property  from  taxation  in  this  State,  but  requires  a  payment  to  the  State,  in 
lieu  thereof,  of  7  per  cent,  of  the  gross  reeeipts  of  the  original  railroad, 
705.53  miles  in  length,  or  the  lines  from  Chicago  to  Cairo  (364.90  miles),  and 
from  Centralia,  Illinois,  to  Dubuque,  Iowa  (840.63  miles).  The  sum  so  paid 
during  the  years  from  1855  to  1890  amounted  to  $12,365,618.  In -this  period 
the  stockholders  of  the  company  received,  in  cash  dividends,  $64,782,357. 
The  vast  amount  of  money  which  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company  has 
turned  into  the  State  treasury  very  materially  assisted  the  latter  in  liquidat- 
ing the  indebted  ness  contracted  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  and  in  meet- 
ing the  regular  annual  expenditures  of  the  commonwealth  for  educational, 
charitable  and  other  purposes.  The  Governor  of  the  State  of  Illinois  is,  ex 
offlcio,  one  of  its  directors. 

CENTRAL  DEPOT. — The  great  fire  of  1871  almost  wholly  destroyed  the 
magnificent  Central  Depot  occupied  before  that  time  by  the  Illinois  Central 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA."  501 

Railroad  Company,  foot  of  Lake  and  Randolph  sts.  Since  then  a  temporary 
structure  has  been  used  for  the  accommodation  of  patrons,  within  the  wallsof 
the  original  building,  which  were  left  standing  until  the  present  year.  The 
Michigan  Central  and  the  Cleveland,  Cinncinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  (Big 
"  4  ")  railroads  occupy  this  depot  in  connection  with  the  Illinois  Central.  A 
mammoth  new  structure  will  be  erected  this  year  by  the  Illinois  Central  R.  R. 

ENTRANCE  TO  CHICAGO. — The  entrance  of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad 
into  Chicago  is  the  finest,  perhaps,  in  the  world.  The  road  winds  around  the 
horseshoe  curve  of  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  affording  a  magnif- 
icent view  of  the  great  lake.  There  are  six  tracks,  two  for  incoming  and 
outgoing  suburban  trains,  two  for  incoming  and  outgoing  through  passenger 
trains,  and  two  for  incoming  and  outgoing  freight  (or  goods)  trains.  The 
terminal  facilities  of  the  road  are  such  as  to  make  it  almost  impossible  that 
blockades  or  accidents  should  result,  even  when  all  of  the  six  tracks  and 
numerous  sidings  are  occupied  by  moving  trains. 

EQUIPMENT. — The  Illinois  Central  railroad,  including  all  its  branches 
and  leased  lines,  is  equipped  in  the  most  modern  manner.  Its  passenger 
cars  are  all  first-class,  and  some  of  the  finest  coaches  in  the  country  are  run  on 
its  main  lines.  Parlor  and  sleeping  cars  accompany  all  its  express  trains. 
Many  of  these  are  furnished  luxuriously,  and  every  effort  is  made  to  insure 
at  once  the  safety  and  comfort  of  patrons.  Some  idea  of-  the  patronage  of 
the  road  may  be  obtained  from  the  fact  that  in  the  year  ending  June  30,  1891, 
the  company  owned  and  operated  288  passenger  and  chair  cars,  38  smoking 
cars,  2  baggage  and  smoking  cars,  56  baggage  and  express  cars,  7  express 
cars,  18  baggHge,  mail  and  express  cars,  28  postal  cars,  2  pay  cars,  6  business 
cars,  7,560  box  cars,  278  caboose  cars,  1098  stock  cars,  711  fruit  cars,  520  refrig- 
erator cars,  1,025  flat  cars,  4,210  coal  cars,  and  4  powder  cars,  beidt-s  numer- 
ous construction  cars,  etc.  The  road  has  532  locomotive  engines  available  for 
service.  "The  expenditure  for  new  equipment  annually  amounts  to  very 
nearly  $1,000,000. 

GENERAL  PASSENGER  AGENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  this  line  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  regarding 
all  matters  connected  with  accommodation  of  an  extraordinary  character,  such 
as  the  engagement  of  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  making  provision  for 
large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  he  communicate  with, 
or  call  upon,  Mr.  A.  H.  Hanson,  general  passenger  agent  of  the  company, 
60  Wabash  av.,  Chicago. 

LINES  OPERATED. — In  addition  to  the  main  line  of  the  Illinois  Central, 
the  company  operates  a  number  of  branch  and  leased  lines.  Among  the  most 
important  of  these  are  the  Chicago,  Rockford,  Freeport,  Madison  and  Dodge- 
ville,  the  Dubuque,  St.  Louis  and  Cairo,  the  Champaign  and  Havana,  the 
Rantoul,  West  Lebanon  and  Leroy,  the  Cherokee,  Sioux  Falls  and  Onawa, 
the  Memphis  and  New  Orleans,  the  St.  Louis,  Cairo,  Memphis  and  New 
Orleans  and  the  Manchester  and  Cedar  Rapids  lines. 

POINTS  REACHED. — The  visitor  will  take  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
for  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  283  miles  to  the  southwest  of  Chicago,  and  intermediate 
points.  On  this  line  a  number  of  thriving  and  handsome  villages  are  passed. 
Among  them  Kankakee  (56  miles),  where  the  State  Asylum  for  the  insane  is 
located;  Champaign  (128  miles),  one  of  the  most  prosperous  of  the  central 
Jlljnoisiowus;  Mattoon  (172  miles),  a  pretty  village;  Effingham  (198  miles), 


50'<i  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

where  the  tiain  leaves  the  main  line;  and  Vandalia  (230  miles),  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  interesting  towns  in  the  State.  At  St.  Louis  the  train  crosses 
the  great  steel  bridge,  1,600  feet  in  length,  over  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
day  train  leaves  Chicago  at  8:40  A.  M.,  arrives  in  St.  Louis  at  7  p.  M.,  thus 
affording  the  visitor  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  great  Prairie  State  with  the 
numerous  towns  and  villages  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  by  day-light. 
The  visitor,  if  so  inclined,  may  take  the  night  train,  the  "Diamond  Special," 
a  most  superbly  equipped  vestibuled  train,  with  the  finest  of  Pullman's  com- 
partment sleepers  leaving  Chicago  at  9  p.  M.,  arriving  at  St.  Louis  at  7: 30 
A.  M.  The  day  trains  as  well  as  the  night  trains  are  luxuriously  fitted  up  for 
the  comfort  of  passengers.  Besides  these  trains  there  are  others  which  make 
stops  at  smaller  or  less  important  points.  The  visitor  will  also  take 
the  Illinois  Central  railroad  for  all  points  in  the  Southwest.  A  train 
leaving  here  at  2:  p.  M.  will  land  the  passenger  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  at 
8:40  next  morning,  thus  making  the  trip  from  the  great  "  Corn  Belt"  of 
the  North  to  the  northern  extremity  of  the  great  "Cotton  Belt"  of  the 
South  in  eighteen  hours  and  twenty  minutes.  At  Memphis  direct  connec- 
tion is  made  with  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  and  Texas  train,  leaving  at 
9: 80  A.M.,  which  arrives  at  Vicksburg  at  7: 45  p.  M.  the  same  day.  The 
train  leaving  Chicago  at  8  p.  M.  arrives  in  New  Orleans  at  8:25  A.  M.  on 
the  second  day,  the  distance  being  915  miles.  The  Chicago  &  New  Orleans, 
limited,  leaving  Chicago  at  2  p.  M.  arrives  in  New  Orleans  at  7:30  p.  M.  the 
next  day,  only  twenty-nine  hours  and  thirty  minutes  en  route.  A  fast  mail 
and  express  train  leaves  Chicago  at  3: 15  A.  M.  which  arrives  in  New 
Orleans  at  8:25  the  next  morning.  The  trip  from  Chicago  to  New 
Orleans  is  full  of  interest  to  the  traveler,  who  is  carried  by  numerous  interest- 
ing towns  and  cities,  and  through  scenery  which  is  as  diversified  as  the  climate 
becomes  between  the  two  extremes.  At  Cairo  the  train  crosses  the  Illinois 
Central  magnificent  new  steel  bridge  over  the  Ohio  river,  which  cost  about 
$3,000,000.*  The  railway  traverses  some  of  the  most  beautiful  sections  of 
the  South;  passing  through  the  States  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana,  and  touching  such  points  as  Memphis,  Grenada,  Jackson  (the 
capital  of  Mississippi),  Brookhaven  and  the  numerous  plantation  towns  of  the 
latter  State.  At  New  Orleansthe  visitor  will  find  passenger  steamers  leaving  at 
frequent  intervals  for  the  Ead's  Jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  for 
points  in  southern  Florida,  for  Havana,  Cuba,  Galveston,  Vera  Cruz,  and  all 
pointsonthe  Gulf  and  South  American  Atlantic  coast.  At  New  Orleans,  also, 
connections  are  made  with  trains  over  the  Southern  Pacific  railway,  which 
pass  through  Texas,  New  Mexico  and  California.  Take  the  Illinois  Central 
railroad  also  for  Dubuque,  Iowa  (183  miles),  and  for  Fort  Dodge  (375  miles), 
Sioux  City,  Iowa  (510  miles),  and  Sioux  Falls  (547  miles).  The  Illinois  Cen- 
tral railroad  and  its  branches  at  their  various  terminals  and  in  Chicago  make 
connection  with  trains  departing  for  all  points  in  the  United  States,  Canada 
and  Mexico. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  company  are:  Stuy- 
vesant  Fish,  President;  J.  C.  Welling;  Vice-president  and  Comptroller; 
J.  T.  Harahan,  second  Vice  president;  A.  G.  Hackstaff,  Secretary; 
B  F.  Ayer,  General  Counsel;  J.  Fentress,  General  Solicitor;  Henry  DeWolf. 
Treasurer;  T.  J.  Hudson,  traffic  manager;  M.  O.  Markham,  assistant  traffic 
manager;  A.  H.  Hanson,  general  passenger  agent.  All  the  above,  excepting 
the  secretary  and  general  passenger  agent,  are  to  be  found  in  the  general 
offices  of  the  company,  78  Michigan  nve.,  near  central  passenger  depot. 
The  office  of  the  Secretary  is  in  New  York  and  of  the  general  passenger 
agent  at  60  Wabash  ave. 


THE  ENCYCLOPEDIA.  503 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Illinois  Central  rail- 
road is  located  at  194  8.  Clark  St.,  near  the  general  Postoffice.  Here  the 
visitor  may  purchase  tickets  over  the  various  lines  of  the  company  and  con- 
necting roads,  and  obtain  all  necessary  information  concerning  time  of 
departure  and  arrival  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter, 
time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway. — The  history  of  this  magnifi- 
cent trunk  line  is  practically  the  history  of  railroad  construction  in  the  United 
States.  Its  inception  dates  back  to  1833,  the  commencement  of  the  railroad 
building  period  in  this  country,  and  every  rail  that  has  been  added  in  the 
extension  of  the  original  road  since  that  time  has  its  own  story  to  tell  of  the 
westward  acd  onward  progress  of  civilization,  the  settlement  of  the  waste 
places,  the  birth  and  growth  of  villages  and  towns,  the  peopling  of  great 
cities  and  the  prosperity  of  half  a  continent.  The  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  railway  may  well  be  called  the  great  east  and  west  artery  of  the 
nation,  as  it  has  done  more  toward  infusing  the  blood  of  life  into  the 
immense  stretch  of  territory  that  is  washed  by  the  great  inland  seas  than  any 
other  force  employed  by  man  during  the  past  century.  The  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railway  Company,  as  it  exists  to  day,  was  organized  in 
1869.  The  road  is  part  of  and  one  of  the  most  important  links  in  the  famous 
"  Vauderbilt  system." 

TICKET  OFFICES.— The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Lase  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railway  Company  in  Chicago  is  located  at  66  Clark  street,  in  the 
business  center.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  for  all  points  coveud 
by  this  and  connecting  lines,  secure  sleeping  car  berths  and  obtain  all  neces- 
sary information  concerning  the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  etc.  Here, 
also,  printed  matter  containing  general  information  regarding  the  line  and  its 
connections,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application.  Tickets  may 
also  be  secured  at  the  depot  ticket  office. 

DEPOT.  —All  trains  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway 
Company  arrive  at  and  depart  from  the  Van  Buren  Street  depot,  Van  Buren 
and  Sherman  streets,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  Every  arrange- 
ment is  made  here  for  the  comfort  and  accommodation  of  the  patrons  of  the 
railway.  There  are  large  and  comfortably  furnished  waiting  rooms  for 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  atttendants  to  look  after  the  wants  of  women  and 
children  are  always  on  hand,  and  depot  agents  furnish  necessary  information 
and  see  that  no  mistakes  are  made  by  strangers  in  the  boarding  of  trains,  etc., 
and  all  passenger  trains  stop  at  22d  Street  depot  to  receive  and  deliver  pas- 
sengers, thus  accommodating  residents  of  the  southern  part  of  the  city. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railway  Company  are  located  as  follows:  Grand  Central- Depot, 
New  York  City;  corner  St.  Glair  and  Seneca  sts.,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Van  Buren 
Street  Station,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  streets,  Chicago. 

TRAIN  SERVICE. — Via  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Ry.  there 
are  six  through  trains  from  Chicago  to  the  East  with  through  sleepers  to  New 
York  and  Boston.  Afternoon  trains  from  Chicago  reach  New  York,  Bos- 
ton and  New  England  points  the  following  afternoon;  the  evening  trains  the 
second  morning.  One  of  the  special  features  of  the  service  provided  by  this 


504  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

car,  which  is  attached  at  convenient  hours.  The  latest  addition  to  the 
service  is  the  new  fast  morning  train  known  as  the  "Chicago  and  Boston 
Special,  "leaving  Chicago  at  10:30  A.  M.  New  York,  Boston  and  all  the 
principal  New  England  points  are  reached  early  the  next  afternoon.  The 
equipment  of  the  train  is  practically  the  same  as  of  the  "  Limited  "  above 
referred  to,  except  that  no  private  compartment  cars  are  run. 

Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railway. — Better  known  as  the  "  Monon 
Route,"  is  the  Short  line  between  Chicago  and  Indianapolis,  the  popular 
route  Chicago  to  Cincinnati  or  Louisville  and  all  points  South. 

The  train  known  as  the  "  Velvet  "  consists  of  Pullman  Perfected  Safety 
Vestibuled  Parlor,  Dining,  Smoking  and  Day  Coaches. 

It  is  the  only  line  serving  meals  in  a  regular  dining  car  between  Chicago 
and  the  Ohio  river. 

The  "  Electric"  the  night  train,  Chicago  to  Cincinnati,  is  equipped  with 
Pullman's  Safely  Vestibuled  Sleepers  and  a  Compartment  car,  tfre  latter 
innovation  supplying  a  most  attractive  feature  for  parties  and  families  desiring 
to  travel  together. 

The  equipment  of  all  its  trains  are  supplied  with  every  modern  design 
and  appliance,  its  roadbed  and  bridges  have  been  thoroughly  reconstructed, 
placing  it  in  the  van  and  insuring  speed,  comfort  and  safety  to  its  patrons. 
The  principal  officers  are:  Genl.  Samuel  Thomas,  president,  New  York; 
Wm.  H.  McDoel,  general  manager;  Joseph  H.  Craig,  auditor  and  purchasing 
agent;  R.  M.  Arnold,  general  freight  agent;  James  Barker,  general  passen- 
ger agent;  F.  J.  Reed,  city  passeager  agent,  73  Clark  street,  Chicago,  111. 
General  offices,  Monon  block,  Chicago. 

All  trains  leave  Union  Depot,  Dearborn  Station,  Polk  and  Dearborn 
streets,  Chicago. 

Michigan  Central  Railroad. — A  feeder  of  the  Vanderbilt  system.  Depot 
foot  of  Lake  st.  Formerly  had  a  monopoly  of  Niagara  Falls  and  Detroit 
business,  most  of  which  is  now  controlled  by  other  and  better  equipped  lines 
Graces  of  the  company  located  in  the  new  Kearsage  building,  Jackson  and 
Dearborn  sts.  City  ticket  office,  67  Clark  st. 

New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad. — The  connecting  link 
between  the  Vanderbilt  railroads  of  the  West  and  New  York  City.  Connects 
at  Buffalo  and  Albany  with  all  railroads  from  the  West,  taking  the  Northern 
route.  Number  of  miles  operated,  1,420.64.  Officers:  Cornelius  Vanderbilt, 
chairman  of  the  board;  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  president;  Charles  C.  Clarke, 
first  vice-president;  Horace  J.  Hayden,  second  vice-president;  H.  Walter 
Webb,  third  vice-president ;  Edwin  D.  Worcester,  secretary ;  Edward  V.  H.  Ros- 
siter,  treasurer.  General  office,  Albany,  Nf;w  York.  New  York  office,  Grand 
Central  Station.  Earnings  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1890.  $27,263,202.30; 
expenses,  $18,118,948.59.  Number  of  passengers  car  lied  during  the  year, 
13,115,397;  number  of  tons  of  freight  carried,  12,202,346.  Average  speed  of 
ordinary  passenger  trains,  including  stops,  twenty-eight  miles  per  hour.  Aver- 
age speed  of  express  trains,  including  stops,  thirty-eight  mileB  per  hour.  The 
New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  railroad  traverses  the  most  beautiful 
stretch  of  country  east  of  the  Alleghany  mountains.  The  scenery  along  the 
Hudson  river  has  been  described  so  often  that  it  is  hardly  worth  while  going 
into  it  here.  It  is  picturesque  and  beautiful.  The  trains  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  railway  and  the  Michigan  Central  railroad  connect 
directly  with  the  Hudson  River  line,  and  pass  over  its  tracks  without  change. 
[See  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  railway  and  Michigan  Central  rail- 
road.] 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

KIMBALL  HALL— W.  W.  KIM  BALL  GO'S.  SALESROOMS. 

[See  "  Great  Industries."] 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  505 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad. — Chicago  is  now  practically  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  great  system  of  railroads  owned,  controlled  and  operated  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  Through  trans-continental  trains, 
passenger  and  freight,  arrive  at  and  depart  from  the  Grand  Central  depot  in 
this  city.  The  contract  entered  into  on  April  1, 1890,  between  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Lines  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  whereby  the  lat- 
ter obtained  a  lease  of  all  the  lines  of  railroad  owned  and  controlled  by  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Companies,  between  the  cities  of  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  and 
Ashland,  including  the  lines  of  railroad,  real  estate  and  terminal  facilities  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  gave  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  a  complete  line  from  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  (its  former  termi- 
nus) and  at  the  same  time  gave  to  Chicago  complete  and  uninterrupted  con- 
nection with  all  points  covered  by  the  trans-continental  system.  (See  Wis- 
consin Central  Lines.)  The  importance  of  this  consolidation  of  Interests  is 
well  understood  and  fully  appreciated  in  Chicago.  The  Northern  Pacific  is 
one  of  the  most  perfectly  managed  railroad  properties  on  the  continent;  it 
penetrates  a  country  rich  in  natural  resources;  it  is  developing  a  territory  that 
will  be  populated  by  millions  of  sturdy  and  prosperous  people  in  the  near 
future  and  the  advantage  to  be  derived  by  Chicago  from  unbroken  communi- 
cation and  direct  commercial  intercourse  with  these  people  can  hardly  be 
over-estimated. 

DEPOT. — All  trains  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  arrive  at  and  depart 
from  the  Grand  Central  depot,  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  [See  Wisconsin 
Central  Lines;  also  see  illustration.]  Here  every  arrangement  is  made  for  the 
comfort  and  convenience  of  the  company's  patrons.  Attendants  to  see  to  the 
wants  of  women  and  children  are  always  on  hand.  Depot  agents  give  all 
desired  information  and  see  that  no  mistakes  are  made  by  strangers  in  board- 
ing trains,  etc. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  equipment  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  is 
most  extensive  and  complete,  and  is  unexcelled  by  that  of  any  other  railroad 
in  existence.  Travelers  over  this  magnificent  system  are  assured  here  that  every 
comfort  and  safeguard  known  in  modern  railroading  is  provided  for  them. 
The  through  trains  leaving  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  are  superb  in  their  make-up, 
are  vestibuled,  and  consist  of  Pullman  first-class  and  tourist  sleepers,  dining 
room  and  buffet  cars,  and  first  and  second-class  passenger  coaches.  Prom  the 
following  figures  the  visitor  will  be  able  to  obtain  an  id£a  of  the  general 
equipment  of  the  system.  The  company  has  651  locomotives,  seventy-five 
first-class  coaches,  fifty-eight  second-class  coaches,  five  third-class  coaches, 
fifty  sleeping  cars,  sixty  emigrant  sleeping  cars,  twenty-six  dining  cars, 
twenty-two  combination  passenger  and  baggage  cars,  112  baggage,  mail  and 
express  cara,  seven  business  cars,  eight  superintendent's  cars,  550  furniture 
cars,  9,436  box  cars,  272  refrigerator  cars,  forty-three  beer  cars,  thirty  fruit 
cars,  856  stock  cars,  3,787  flat  cars,  fourteen  oil-tank  flat  cars,  334  oil  cars; 
568  coal  cars  (four  wheels),  2,089  coal  cars  (eight  wheels),  216  logging  trucks, 
325  caboose  cars,  four  ferry  cars,  eighty-eight  boarding  cars,  one  painter's  car, 
one  scale  test  car,  ten  pile  drivers,  twelve  steam  shovels,  two  stone  derricks, 
ten  wrecking  cars,  sixteen  tool  cars,  six  rotary  snow  plows,  1,260  hand  and 
push  cars,  seventy-seven  velocipede  cars,  five  steamers,  two  barges. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  are  located  at  35  Wall  st.,  New  York  City,  and  at  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
The  system  is  operated  from  the  St.  Paul  offices. 


506  GUIDE  TO    CHICAGO. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — Those  desiring  information  as  to  tickets,  pas- 
senger rates,  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties, 
the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  should  call  upon  or  communicate  with 
Mr.  Charles  S.  Fee,  General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent,  general  offices  North 
ern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  St  Paul,  Minn. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  for  all  points  on  the  line  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  railroad  between 
Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  and  for  all  points  in  the  western  and  northwestern 
portions  of  the  United  States.  The  road  either  reaches  direct  or  by  connec- 
tion every  point  of  interest  or  importance  in  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  North 
and  South  Dakota,  Montana,  Idaho,  Oregon,  Washington  Nevada,  Cali- 
fornia and  British  Columbia.  It  is  the  most  direct  route  to  the  wonderful 
Puget  Sound  country,  and  takes  in  the  prosperous  cities  of  Portland,  Tacoma, 
Seattle  and  Victoria.  On  the  road  the  traveler  may  stop  off  at  Helena,  Mon- 
tana's business  and  banking  center,  Butte,  the  greatest  mining  town  in  the 
world,  Spokane  Falls,  the  magnificent  city  of  Eastern  Washington,  where  he 
will  be  amazed  at  the  elegant  buildings  and  general  prosperity  of  the  people. 
The  Northern  Pacific  penetrates  the  famous  Coeur  d'Alene  mining  coun- 
try, the  wonderful  forests  of  Oregon  and  Washington,  and  the  beauti- 
ful agricultural  country  lying  between  the  Western  slope  of  the  Rockies 
and  Puget  Sound.  West  of  Helena  the  road  winds  around  the  peaks 
and  crosses  the  grand  "divide  "  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  where  scenery  may 
be  witnessed  as  rugged  and  picturesque  as  any  on  the  continent.  Take  the 
Northern  Pacific  for  the  following  principal  towns  in  Minnesota,  Dakota, 
Manitoba,  Montana,  Washington  and  British  Columbia:  St,  Paul,  Minneapo- 
lis, Little  Falls,  Duluth,  West  Superior,  Brainerd,  Wadcna,  Winnipeg  Junc- 
tion, Qlyndon,  Moorhead,  Fargo,  Grand  Forks,  Pembina,  Winnipeg,  Casselton, 
Valley  City,  Jamestown,  Bismarck,  Mandan,  Helena,  Butte,  Garrison,  Mls- 
soula,  Hope,  Spokane  Falls,  Sprague,  Pasco  Junction,  Wallula  Junction, 
Tacoma,  Seattle,  Portland,  Victoria  and  Vancouver.  The  following  is  the 
westward  train  service  of  this  railroad: 

The  "  Pacific  Mail"  leaves  Chicago  at  10:45  P.M.,  daily;  St.  Paul  at 
4:15  P.  M.;  Minneapolis,  4:55  p.  M.  Vestibuled  Pullman  palace  sleeping  cars, 
Chicago  to  Portland,  via  both  Wisconsin  Central  lines  and  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  railway,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul;  vestibuled  Pullman  palace 
sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to  Portland;  Pullman  tourist  sleeping  car,  Chicago  to 
Portland,  via  the  Wisconsin  Central;  vestibuled  dining  car,  St.  Paul  to  Port- 
land; free  colonist  sleeping  cars,  St.  Paul  to  Portland;  Pullman  tourist  sleeping 
car,  St.  Paul  to  Portland;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  Seattle  and  Tacoma  to 
Portland;  first  and  second-class  coaches,  St.  Paul  to  Portland.  The  Pullman 
palace  sleeping  cars,  via  Wisconsin  Central  lines,  run  through  Helena;  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  through  Butte. 

"The  Minnesota  and  Dakota  Day  Express"  leaves  Chicago  at  5:00  p.  M. 
daily;  St.  Paul,  8:00  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday;  Minneapolis,  8:35  A.  M.,  via 
Staples.  First  and  second-class  day  coaches,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  to 
Staples,  Glyndon,  Moorhead,  Fargo  and  Jamestown. 

"  The  Minnesota  and  Dakota  Night  Express"  leaves  St.  Paul,  8:00  p.  M.; 
Minneapolis,  8:35  p.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to 
Glyndon,  Moorhead  and  Fargo;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  Duluth  to 
Glyndon,  Moorhead  and  Fargo;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to 
Fergus  Falls,  and  Wahpeton;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to 
Grand  Forks,  Grafton  and  Winnepeg.  Dining  car.  Winnepeg  Junction  to 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  5(37 

Winnipeg;  first  and  second-class  coaches,  St.  Paul  to  Fergus  Falls,  Wahpe- 
ton,  Grand  Forks,  Grafton,  Winnipeg,  GUndon,  Moorhead,  Fargo,  Cas- 
selton,  Jamestown  and  intermediate  points. 

"The  Dakota  Express"  leaves  Duluth,  4:00  p.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  palace 
sleeping  car,  Duluth  and  West  Superior  to  Fargo  and  Moorhead;  first  and 
second-class  day  coaches,  Duluth  to  Staples.  This  train  connects  with  No.  7 
at  Staples. 

"  The  Pacific  Mail "  leaves  Duluth,  3:30  p.  M.,  daily;  first  and  second- 
class  day  coaches,  Duluth  and  West  Superior  to  Brainerd  and  Staples.  This 
train  connects  at  Staples  with  train  No.  1  "Pacific  Mail." 

A  train  on  the  Wisconsin  division  leaves  Ashland  8:30  A.  M.,  daily; 
arriving  at  Duluth,  11:35  A.  M.  Through  Pullman  palace  sleeping  cars  and 
first  and  second-class  day  coaches,  Chicago  to  Duluth,  via  Wisconsin  Central 
lines,  Chicago  to  Ashland. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  are:  Henry  Villard,  chairman  of  the  board,  New  York; 
T.  F.  Oakes,  president,  New  York;  J.  B.  Williams,  vice-president,  New 
York;  C.  H.  Prescott,  second  vice-president,  Tacoma,  Wash.;  George  S. 
Baxter,  treasurer,  New  York;  G.  H.  Earl,  secretary,  New  York  ;  N.  C. 
Thrajl,  assistant  to  president,  St.  Paul;  W.  S.  Mellen,  general  manager, 
St.  Paul;  J.  M.  Hannaford,  general  traffic  manager,  St.  Paul;  Newman 
Kline,  assistant  to  general  manager,  St.  Paul;  E.  C.  Kimberly,  general 
superintendent,  St.  Paul;  Charles  S.  Fee,  general  passenger  and  ticket 
agent,  St.  Paul;  A.  L.  Craig,  assistant  general  ticket  agent,  St.  Paul;  B.  N. 
Austin,  assistant  general  passenger  agent,  St.  Paul;  S.  L.  Moore,  general 
freight  agent,  St.  Paul. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
road is  located  at  210  Clark  St.,  where  tickets  to  all  points  covered  by  the 
system,  sleeping  berths,  and  all  necessary  information  regarding  the  arrival 
and  departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.,  may  be  obtained.  Here,  also, 
printed  matter,  containing  general  information  regarding  the  points  covered 
by  the  system,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

Pennsylvania  Lines. — All  trains  of  the  Pennsylvania  Company,  including 
the  "Pittsburg  &  Fort  Wayne"  and  "  Panhandle  Route,"  arrive  at  and 
depart  from  the  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts.,  West  Side.  The 
Pennsylvania  Company  covers  all  points  in  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States, 
east  of  Chicago.  The  train  service  is  very  complete.  On  the  Panhandle 
route,  train  No.  18,  leaving  Chicago  at  9:45  A.  M.  daily,  carries  passenger 
coaches  and  a  Pullman  buffet  parlor  car  from  Chicago  to  Louisville.  It  con- 
nects with  the  fast  express  trains  of  the  Western  and  Northwestern  .railways 
that/  arrive  at  Chicago  in  the  morning,  and  forms  a  link  in  the  chain  of  the 
through  car  service.  This  train  also  carries  passenger  coaches  and  a  Pullman 
buffet  parlor  car  from  Chicago  to  Cincinnati.  Train  No.  10,  which  leaves 
Chicago  at  8:20  p.  M.,  carries  passenger  coaches  and  a  Pullman  sleeping  car 
from  Chicago  to  Louisville;  also  a  Pullman  sleeping  car  from  Chicago  to 
Indianapolis,  in  which  passengers  may  remain  until  7  A.M.  This  train  also 
carries  passenger  coaches  and  a  Pullman  sleeping  car  from  Chicago  to  Cincin- 
nati. Train  No.  8  leaves  Chicago  daily  at  3:15  p.  M.  for  Pittsburg,  Harris- 
burg,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Philadelphia  and  New  York.  Train  No.  2 
leaves  at  5.  p.  M.  for  the  same  points. 


508  GUIDE   TO   CHlCAGd. 

Union  Pacific  System. — The  title  which  this  great  transcontinental  high- 
way bears  is  not  sufficient  to  convey  au  adequate  idea  of  its  real  importance 
to  the  visitor.  It  is  not  merely  a  railroad  but  an  immense  system  of  great  rail- 
roads which  penetrate,  develop  and  serve  almost  the  entire  section  of  the 
United  States  lying  west  of  the  Missouri  river.  Originally  a  single  track  line 
from  Omaha,  Web., to  Ogden,  Utah,  merely  a  feeder  for  the  Central  (now  the 
"  Southern  ")  Pacific  Railroad,  with  no  outlet  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  no  feeders 
of  its  own,  and  dependent  almost  entirely  for  its  revenue  upon  through  traf- 
fic between  Omaha  and  Ogden,  it  has  grown  to  the  mighty  proportions  of  a 
system  with  its  own  outlet  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  its  own  feeders  branching  out 
in  every  direction  and  covering  every  point  of  importance  in  the  mighty 
West,  and  with  more  business  on  its  hands  constantly  than  with  its  wonder- 
ful facilities  and  most  complete  equipment  it  can  easily  keep  up  with.  The 
.Union  Pacific  may  be  numbered  among  the  lines  which  Chicago  claims  as  her 
own,  for,  by  a  contract  arrangement  with  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
Railway,  its  Eastern  terminus  is  now  practically  in  this  city.  [See  Chicago 
&  North- Western  Railway.]  Through  trains,  freight  and  passenger,  both 
ways,  are  now  run  daily  by  the  Union  Pacific  System  between  Chicago  and 
its  principal  Western  terminal  points. 

CONDITION  OP  THE  ROAD. — The  number  of  miles  of  track  operated  by 
the  Union  Pacific  System  is  about  8,000.  A  great  part  of  this  track  is  la'd  with 
the  heaviest  steel  rails.  The  road-bed  is  maintained  in  the  very  highest  con- 
dition. There  is  no  better  stretch  of  track  in  the  world  than  that  between 
Omaha  and  Ogden.  Wooden  have  long  since  given  place  to  iron  and  steel 
bridges.  Trains  between  Omaha  and  Cheyenne  make  from  60  to  70  miles 
per  hour  with  entire  safety,  and  without  the  slightest  inconvenience  to  the  trav- 
eler. The  remarkable  speed  made  by  trains  on  the  Union  Pacific  System 
has  attracted  universal  attention.  Perhaps  nothing  that  could  be  said  would 
speak  more  plainly  or  more  highly  for  the  condition  of  the  Union  Pacific 
tracks  and  the  care  with  which  the  system  is  managed  than  the  fact  that  the 
life  of  a  single  passenger,  out  of  the  millions  carried,  was  not  lost  during  the 
year  1890. 

DEPOT. — AU  trains  over  the  Union  Pacific  arrive  at  and  depart  from  the 
Wells  St.  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  North  Side.  [See  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway.]  Here  every  arrangement  is  madetor  the  convenience  and 
comfort  of  the  company's  patrons.  Attendants  see  to  the  wants  of  women 
and  children.  Depot  agents  give  all  required  information  and  prevent  mis- 
takes by  strangers  in  boarding  trains,  etc. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  equipment  of  the  Union  Pacific  is  per- 
fect. Its  machinery  is  all  modern,  the  greater  part  of  it  is  new  and  it  is 
maintained  at  the  highest  standard.  The  through  trains  of  the  Union  Pacific 
are  not  surpassed  by  those  of  any  other  road  on  the  continent.  Solid  vesti- 
buled  day  and  night  trains  leave  the  various  terminals  of  the  system,  east 
and  west,  daily,  on  which  every  comfort  and  convenience  may  be  enjoyed  by 
the  traveler.  Reference  to  the  train  service  of  the  company  will  satisfy  the 
visitor  as  to  the  thoroughness  with  which  all  accommodations  are  provided. 

GENERAL,  OFFICES. — The  chief  executive  and  accounting  offices  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  are  located  in  the  Equitable  building,  Boston, 
Mass.  The  general  management  of  the  road  is  conducted  from  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  Company's  building,  Omaha,  Neb. 

PABSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do 
exclusively  with  the  passenger  department  of  the  Union  Pacific,  it  is  sug- 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  509 

gested  that  witli  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special  cars,  special  trains, 
the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he 
communicates  with  Mr.  E.  L.  Lomax,  General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent, 
Omaha,  Neb. 

POINTS  REACHED. — The  Union  Pacific  railroad  has  practically  four 
terminals  on  the  Missouri  river:  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa;  Omaha,  Neb.; 
Leavenworth,  Kansas,  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Trains  either  run  direct 
from  all  these  cities  to  all  points  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest,  covered 
by  the  system,  or  make  connection  with  through  trains  westward-bound  from 
Omaha  and  Kansas  City.  The  system  extends  to  and  covers  all  points  of 
interest  and  importance  in  the  States  and  Territories  of  Nebras-ka,  Kansas, 
Colorado,  Wyoming,  Utah,  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada,  California,  Oregon  and 
Washington,  and  has  direct  connection  with  points  in  British  Columbia  and 
the  Republic  of  Mexico.  The  visitor  will  take  the  Union  Pacitic  railroad, 
via  Omaha,  for  Elkhorn,  Fremont,  Schuyler,  Columbus,  Grand  Island,  North 
Platte,  Sidney  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Nebraska  ;  for  Cheyenne  and 
Laramie  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Wyoming ;  for  Ogden  and  Salt  Lake 
City  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Utah  ;  via  Granger  for  Soda  Springs, 
McCammon,  Pocatello,  Shoshone,  Boise  City,  Idaho  City  and  all  intermediate 
points  in  Idaho  ;  for  Huntington,  Pendleton,  the  Dalles  of  Columbia,  Port- 
land and  all  intermediate  points  in  Oregon ;  for  Tacoma,  Seattle  and  Port 
Townsend  (by  rail  and  water)  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Washington,  and 
for  Victoria  and  Vancouver,  British  Columbia,  by  the  company's  magnificent 
line  of  Puget  Sound  steamers.  Take  this  line,  via  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha 
and  Julesburg,  for  Greele>  ,  La  Salle,  DC  nver,  Colorado  Springs,  Pueblo  and 
Trinidad,  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Colorado  ;  for  Folsonj  Mount  Dora, 
Texline  and  all  intermediate  points  in  New  Mexico;  and  for  Washburn, 
Wichita  Falls,  Henrietta,  Fort  Worth  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Texas.- 
Or  tiie  visitor  will  take  the  Union"  Pficitic,  via  Council  Bluffs,  Omaba, 
and  Ogden,  and,  via  Southern  Pacific  railroad,  for  Sacramento  and  San 
Francisco,  and  all  intermediate  points.  For  the  latter  points  the  visitor  has 
the  choice  of  going  north  to  Portland  and  the  Puget  Sound  country,  or  south 
to  Los  Angeles  and  San  Diego,  Coronado  Beach  and  National  City,  either 
direct  or  by  way  of  all  the  beautiful  summer  and  sea-side  resorts  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  including  Santa  Cruz,  Monterey,  San  Miguel,  Elwood,  Santa  Monica, 
etc.  The  visitor  may  visit  Portland,  Tacoma,  Seattle,  Port  Townsend  and 
Victoria  first,  and  take  the  Southern  Pacific  from  the  first-named  city  for 
San  Francisco  and  Southern  California,  returning  by  way  of  Sacramento, 
and,  via  Ogden,  travel  over  the  Rio  Grande  railroad  to  Denver,  and  thence 
east,  via  Kansas  City.  Or  the  visitor  may  take  the  Union  Pacific 
train  at  Kansas  City  direct  for  Denver,  and  make  connection  at  Chey- 
enne or  Ogden  with  trains  on  the  main  stem  for  the  Northwest  or  South- 
west. Or  the  visitor,  desirous  of  seeing  the  greatest  mining  city  on  the 
globe,  and  the  richest  city  of  its  size  in  the  world,  will  be  taken  from  Poca- 
tello north  to  Butte  and  Helena,  Montana,  and  all  intermediate  points  ;  or, 
leaving  the  main  line  for  Portland,  at  Pendleton,  the  visitor  will  be  taken  to 
Spokane,  one  of  the  most  wonderful  cities  of  the  new  Northwest. 
Briefly  stated,  the  visitor  has  a  choice  of  routes  almost  without  limit  over 
this  system  of  railroads. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Union  Pacific  Sys- 
tem are:  Sidney  Dillon,  president,  Boston,  Mass.;  S.  H.  H.  Clark,  vice-presi- 
dent and  general  manager,  Omaha,  Neb.;  Gardner  M.  Lane,  second  vice- 
president,  Boston,  Mass. ;  E.  Dickinson,  assistant  general  manager,  Omaha, 


510  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Neb.;  James  Q.  Harris,  treasurer,  Boston,  Mass. ;  Alexander  Millar,  secretary, 
Boston,  Mass. ;  C.  8.  Mellen,  general  traffic  manager,  Omaha,  Neb.;J.  A. 
Monroe,  general  freight  agent,  Omaha,  Neb.;  J.  H.  McConnell,  superintend- 
ent of  machinery  and  motive  power,  Omaha,  Neb.;  E.  L.  Lomax,  general 
passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Omaha,  Neb. ;  J.  N.  Brown,  acting  assistant  gen- 
eral passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Omaha,  Neb. 

SCENERY  ON  THE  SYSTEM. — The  scenery  along  the  several  lines  composing 
the  Union  Pacific  System  is  always  interesting;  at  times  it  reaches  the 
point  of  indescribable  grandeur  and  beauty.  Echo  Canon,  Utah,  on  the 
main  stem,  is  incomparable.  The  scenery  around  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs  is  superb.  Nothing  can  be  more,  picturesque  than  the  scenery  along 
the  Columbia  river.  The  tourist  is  more  likely  to  be  surfeited  with  magnifi- 
cent scenery  throughout  his  entire  journey  than  he  is  to  feel  the  want  of  it. 
Mountain  and  valley,  gorge  and  canon,  highland  and  plain,  all  have  their 
own  attractions  for  the  traveler,  and  the  sensations  created  in  the  breast  of  the 
lover  of  nature,  as  he  gazes  from  a  valley  rich  in  summer  verdure  upon 
mountain  peaks  capped  with  perpetual  snow,  or  from  the  mountain  top, 
rugged  and  barren,  where  the  winter  blasts  send  a  chill  through  his  frame,  on 
the  delightful  valleys  which  lie  thousands  of  feet  beneath  him,  can  hardly 
be  expressed  in  words. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad 
in  Chicago  is  located  at  191  Clark  st.,  near  the  general  Postoffice.  Here  the 
visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  any  point  covered  by  the  system  or  by  its  con- 
nections, secure  sleeping  car  berths,  etc.,  and  obtain  all  necessary  informa- 
tion regarding  the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here, 
also,  printed  matter  containing  general  and  useful  information  to  the  tourist 
and  traveler,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

TRAIN  SERVICE. — The  through  train  and  sleeping  car  service  westward 
from  Council  Bluffs  (Omaha)  and  Katfsas  City  is  as  follows:  "  The  Pacific 
Express"  leaves  Council  Bluffs,  6:10  P.  M. ;  Omaha,  6:30  P.  M.,  daily.  Day 
coaches  without  change  to  Ogden;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  Council 
Bluffs  to  Cheyenne,  connecting  with  similar  cars  for  Ogden,  Salt  Lake  City, 
San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles;  Pullman  colonist  sleepers  without  change. 
Council  Bluffs  to  San  Francisco  and  with  but  one  change  to  Portland.  "The 
Overland  Flyer"  leaves  Council  Bluffs,  2:00  P.  M.,  Omaha,  2:15  p.  M.,  daily. 
Through  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Denver,  Portland  and  San  Francisco,  via 
Council  Bluffs,  connecting  at  Green  River  with  similar  cars  for  Butte; 
through  sleepers.  Council  Bluffs  to  Salt  Lake;  Pullman  dining  cars,  Chicago 
to  Portland  via  Council  Bluffs;  Pullman  colonist  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Port- 
land, via  Council  Bluffs.  "  The  Denver  Express "  leaves  Council  Bluffs, 
9:40  A.  M. ;  Omaha,  10:00  A.  M.,  daily.  Solid  train  runs  through  from 
Chicago  to  Denver,  via  Council  Bluffs,  consisting  of  smoker,  day  coaches, 
free  reclining  chair  cars,  palace  sleeping  cars,  and  through  dining  car  service; 
day  coaches  to  Lincoln,  Beatrice  and  intermediate  points.  "The  Pacific 
Express"  leaves  Kansas  City,  10:45  A.  M.,  daily.  Day  coaches,  free  reclining 
chair  cars,  Pullman  sleepers  and  Pullman  dining  cars,  Chicago  to  Denver, 
via  Kansas  City;  Pullman  palace  buffet  sleeping  cars,  without  change,  St. 
Louis  to  Denver  and  Salt  Lake  City,  via  Kansas  City;  Pullman  colonist 
sleepers  without  change  to  Portland,  and  with  but  one  change  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. "The  Western  Express"  leaves  Kansas  City,  9:20  P.  M.,  daily.  Day 
coaches  without  change  to  Denver;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car  without 
change  to  Denver  and  Cheyenne. 

Wabash  Railroad  Company. — The  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  line  of  this 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  511 

system,  286  miles  in  length,  has  grcwn  in  favor  during  recent  years.  It 
passes  through  some  of  the  prettiest  and  most  prosperous  towns  of  Illinois, 
including  Reddick,  Forrest,  Gibson,  Mansfield,  Decatur,  Taylorville,  Litch- 
tield  and  Edwardsville.  It  crosses  the  river  at  St.  Louis  over  the  magnificent 
steel  bridge  constructed  by  James  B.  Eads.  The  Wabash  line  is  well  man- 
aged, handsomely  equipped,  and  has  a  large  patronage  between  Chicago  and 
St.  Louis. 

Wisconsin  Central  Lines. — Although  forming  the  connecting  link  between 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  system  and  Chicago,  and  although  operated  by 
the  latter  company  as  lessee,  the  Wisconsin  Central  lines,  familiarly  but 
incorrectly  regarded  by  the  public  as  the  Wisconsin  Central  railroad,  must 
be  referred  to  separately.  In  April,  1890,  a  contract  lease  was  made  by  and 
between  the  Wisconsin  Central  Company,  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad 
Company,  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  whereby  the  latter 
company  obtained  a  lease  of  all  the  lines  of  railroad  owned  and  controlled 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  lines  between  the  cities  of  Chicago  and  St.  Paul 
and  Ashland,  including  the  lines  of  railroad,  real  estate  and  terminal  facili- 
ties of  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  in  the  City  of 
Chicago,  thus  giving  to  the  Northern  Pacific  Company  a  complete  line  from 
St.  Paul  to  Chicago,  with  ample  terminal  facilities  in  the  latter  city.  This 
combination  of  interests  was  deemed  by  the  directors  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
of  the  utmost  importance,  as  giving  access  to  the  City  of  Chicago  by  a 
line  of  its  own  ownership  and  possession,  with  unsurpassed  terminal  facili- 
ties. While  the  terms  of  the  lease  relieves  the  Wisconsin  Central  from 
operating  details,  it  leaves  the  building  of  branches,  feeders,  and  all  exten- 
sions of,  and  permanent  improvements  upon,  the  Wisconsin  Central  lines,  to 
be  jointly  agreed  upon  by  the  lessor  and  lessee,  and  to  be  actually  constructed 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  companies.  The  development  of  the  land  grant 
and  management  of  the  iron  properties  remain  in  the  exclusive  control  of  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  Company.  The  Wisconsin  Central,  from  its 
inception,  has  been  peculiarly  identified  with  Wisconsin,  its  growth  and 
progress.  Almost  nine-tenths  of  the  mileage  of  the  system  is  within  the 
borders  of  that  State,  and  its  principal  offices  are  located  at  Milwaukee. 

GRAND  CENTRAL  DEPOT. — No  visitor  to  Chicago  can  escape  having 
pointed  out  to  him  among  the  greatest  attractions  of  the  city,  the  magnificent 
Grand  Central  Depot,  located  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  Harrison 
street.  It  is  one  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  highest  type  of  modern  archi- 
tecture to  be  found  in  the  world.  Where  this  grand  pile  rises  to-day  the 
Bridewell  or  City  prison  stood  years  ago.  The  site  was  long  given  up  to 
stone  and  coal  yards ;  it  was  for  years  one  of  the  most  uninviting  spots  in 
the  city.  The  erection  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot  has  made  it  one  of 
the  most  attractive,  and  gradually  the  old  buildings,  which  still  stand  in  the 
vicinity,  are  giving  place  to  structures  which  comport  with  the  dignity  and 
grandeur  of  the  great  railroad  station.  It  is  more  familiarly  known  as  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Depot  than  by  any  other  name,  and  for  that  reason  a 
description  of  it  naturally  comes  here.  [See  Chicago  and  Northern  Pacific 
Company;  also  illustration  of  Grand  Central  Depot.]  The  depot  covers 
an  area  of  three  and  six-tenths  acres.  The  frontage  on  Harrison  street  is  226 
feet,  and  on  Fifth  avenue,  680  feet.  The  foundation  of  the  building  consists 
of  piling,  the  length  of  the  piles  being  thirty  feet  under  the  lighter  parts,  and 
fifty  feet  under  the  main  piers  and  the  tower.  The  total  length  of  piling  driven 
was  nine  and  one-half  miles.  Each  pile  under  the  tower  carries  a  load  of 


512  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

twenty-four  tons.  On  the  top  of  the  piles  are  boxes  of  foot-square  oak  timbers 
bedded  and  filled  with  concrete.  Next  follows  a  course  of  foot-square  oak 
timbers,  four  inches  apart  and  filled  in  with  concrete.  An  eighteen-inch  con- 
crete  bed  topped  this,  and  on  this  bed  the  dimension  stones  are  laid.  The 
tower  is  236  feet  high  from  the  foundation,  is  twenty-seven  feet  square,  and 
weighs  6,000  tons.  The  first  twenty-nine  feet  is  built  of  Connecticut  brown 
stone.  There  are  fifteen  stories  in  the  tower,  nine  of  which  are  used  for 
offices,  the  upper  four  stories  of  these  being  reached  by  a  special  electrical 
elevator.  The  Seth  Thomas  clock  is  the  second  largest'in  the  United  States, 
having  a  dial  thirteen  and  a  half  feet  in  diameter.  The  hours  are  struck  on  a 
5-ton  bell  by  a  hammer  weighing  250  pounds.  The  pendulum  weighs  700 
pounds.  This  clock  electrically  controls  all  the  clocks  throughout  the 
depot.  The  flagstaff  rises  nearly  sixty  feet  above  the  tower. 

The  main  waiting  room  is  an  enormous  apartment,  seventy-one  feet  by 
267,  with  a  ceiling  twenty-five  feet  high.  The  room  projects  twenty-seven 
feet  west  of  the  office  building  above,  the  floors  and  walls  of  which  are  car- 
ried on  sixteen  heavy  steel  columns  twenty-four  feet  long  and  two  and  a  half 
feet  in  diameter.  Two  hundred  and  forty  incandescent  lamps  light  this  noble 
room.  The  floor  is  of  Champlain,  and  the  eight  and  a  half  foot  wainscoting 
is  of  Tennessee  marble.  At  the  south  end  of  the  waiting  room  is  the  ladies' 
parlor,  a  handsomely  furnished  room,  32  feet  by  40.  An  eight  foot  passageway 
leads  from  thecenterof  the  south  end  to  the  baggage  rooms,  and  over  this 
passage  a  double  marble  staircase  leads  up  to  the  big  dining  room,  56x73 
feet,  on  the  mezzanine  floor. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to 
arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation  of  large 
parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he  call  upon  or  communicate 
with  James  C.  Pond;  General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Wisconsin  Central 
for  all  points  in  the  West  and  Northwest  covered  by  the  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
road system  and  its  connections.  Take  this  line  for  Burlington,  Waukesha, 
Fond  du  Lac.Oshkosh,  Neenah,  Menasha,  Stevens'  Point,  Chippewa  Falls,  Eau 
Claire,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Ashland,  Hurley,  Ironwood,  Bessemer  and 
Duluth.  The  Wisconsin  Central  traverses  some  of  the  best  hunting  and 
fishing  grounds  in  the  West,  and  the  tourist  will  find  on  this  route  many  of 
the  leading  and  most  popular  health  and  summer  resorts  in  the  country.  In 
connection  with  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Wisconsin  Central  has  through  car 
arrangements  of  special  interest  to  the  traveler.  Train  No.  1,  leaving  Chi- 
cago at  10:45  P.  M.  daily,  has  through  Pullman  vestibuled  drawing-room 
sleeper  from  Chicago  to  Portland,  via  Tacoma  ;  Pullman  vestibuled  sleeper, 
Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis;  Pullman  sleeper,  Milwaukee  to  Stevens' 
Point ;  through  Pullman  tourist  sleeper,  Chicago  to  Portland,  via  Tacoma 
and  through  first  and  second-class  coaches,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Min- 
neapolis; first  and  second-class  coaches  from  Abbotsford  to  Ashland. 
Dining  car  service  on  this  train  between  Stevens'  Point  and  Chippewa  Falls. 
Train  No.  3,  which  leaves  Chicago  daily  at  5  P.  M.  .  has  through  Pullman 
vestibuled  sleeper  from  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis;  Pullman  Ves- 
tibuled sleeper,  Chicago  to  Duluth,  and  Milwaukee  to  St.  Paul  and  Minnea- 
polis, first  and  second-class  coaches,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis, 
and  first-class  coach,  Milwaukee  to  Duluth.  Dining  car  service  on  this  train 
between  Chicago  and  Waukesha. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  513 

Train  No.  5,  which  leaves  Chicago  at  3,  P.  M.  daily,  has  parlor  car  and 
first  and  second-class  coaches  between  Chicago  and  Menasha,  and  first  class 
coach  between  Milwaukee  and  Menasha, 

Train  No.  7,  which  leaves  Chicago  daily  except  Sunday,  has  first  and 
second-class  coaches  between  Chicago  and  Eau  Claire,  and  first-class  coach 
between  Milwaukee  and  Stevens'  Point. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
lines  are  :  Henry  Villard,  chairman  of  the  board,  New  York  ;  T.  F.  Oakes, 
president,  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  N.  C.  Thrall,  assistant  to  the  president,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.;  James  B.  Williams,  vice-president,  New  York  ;  C.  H.  Prescott,  sec- 
ond vice-president,  Tacoma,  Wash.;  David  S.  Wegg,  general  solicitor,  Chi- 
cago; George  S.  Baxter,  treasurer,  New  York;  Robert  W.  McQuire,  local 
treasurer,  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  S.  R.  Ainslie,  general  manager,  Chicago; 
Gavin  Campbell,  general  superintendent,  Milwaukee;  J.  M.  Hannaford, 
general  traffic  manager,  St.  Paul ;  Henry  C.  Barlow,  traffic  manager,  Chi- 
cago ;  Jas.  C.  Pond,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago  ;  J.  B.  Cava- 
naugh,  general  freight  agent,  Chicago. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
lines  is  located  at  205  Clark  St.,  near  the  general  postoffice.  Here  the  visitor 
may  purchase  tickets  over  the  line  to  any  local  point,  or  over  the  system  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  and  to  points  on  all  connecting  lines,  secure 
sleeping  ca.r  berths  and  obtain  all  necessary  information  regarding  the  arrival 
and  departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.  Here,  also,  printed  matter  contain 
ing  general  information  with  reference  to  the  points  covered,  time  tables, 
etc. ,  may  be  had  free  upon  application. 

SOCIETIES. 

There  are  in  the  neighborhood  of  six  thousand  societies  In  Chicago. 
This  number  comprises  associations  of  every  description,  from  benevolent  to 
secret  organizations.  There  are,  besides  the  American,  or  societies  in  which 
the  English  language  is  spoken,  several  hundred  foreign  societies  of  various 
characters,  objects  and  types.  The  great  number  of  societies  here  makes  it 
impossible  for  a  work  of  this  kind  to  describe  them  separately  and  the  visitor 
is  referred  to  the  city  directory  for  the  list  in  full,  places  of  meeting,  names 
of  officers^etc.  The  most  prominent  of  the  societies  are,  however,  referred 
to  here: 

Art  Students'  League. — A  society  compoesd  of  students  of  the  Art 
institute. 

Back  Lot  Societies  of  Evanston. — Organized  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the 
boys  and  girls  of  Evanston  an  opportunity  of  hearing  from  distinguished  men 
and  women  the  discussion  of  questions  of  important  current  topics.  The 
organization  of  the  Boys' Back  Lot  Society  was  fostered  principally  by  Mr. 
Volney  W.  Foster,  who  gave  up  for  the  use  of  the  boys  a  building  in  the  rear 
of  his  residence  at  Evanston,  from  which  fact  the  title  "  Back  Lot  "  is  taken. 
Mr.  Foster  interested  many  other  prominent  people  in  the  movement  and 
now  the  boys'  society  meets"  in  larger  and  better  quarters.  At  the  suggestion 
of  Mr.  Foster  also  the  Women's  Club  of  Evauston  in  1892  took  up  the  matter 
of  organizing  a  girls'  club  or  society  on  the  same  principal.  The  advisory 


514  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

committee,  each  of  whom  is  to  be  responsible  for  three  talks,  was  selected  for  the 
first  year,  as  follows :  Mrs.  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  Mrs.  H.  B.  Cragiu,  Mrs.  M. 
C.  Bragdon,  Miss  Alice  Blanchard,  Mrs.  Charles  T.  Bradley,  Mrs.  Birney  J. 
Moore,  Mrs.  T.  P.  Stamwood,  Mrs.  Frank  M.  Elliot,  and  Mis  F  H.  Kingsley. 

Bar  Association. — An  organization  of  the  members  of  the  bar  of  the  city  of 
Chicago,  the  object  of  which  is  the  elevation  of  the  profession,  the  sustain- 
ing of  a  high  code  of  ethics  in  practice,  the  preservation  of  the  dignity  and 
integrity  of  the  judiciary,  and  the  agitation  and  promotion  of  needed  reforms 
in  the  laws  aud  the  procedure  of  the  courts.  The  officers  for  1892  are:  Qeo. 
W.  Cass,  president;  David  B.  Lytnan,  first  vice-president;  William  J.  Eng- 
lish, second  vice-president;  Howard  Henderson,  secretary,  and  E.  C.  Fergu- 
son, treasurer.  F.  A.  Smith,  Judge  Elbert  H.  Gary,  Robert  H.  McMurtrie, 
H.  W.Jackson,  Frank  A.  Heluier.  William  A.  Purcell,  Henry  W.  Wolseley, 
Edgar  L.  J.iyne,  Hugh  L.  Burnham,  members  of  the  l»ard  of  managers 
Jatnes  Frake,  E,  W.  Adkinson,  D.  Harry  Harnmnr,  Chas.  E.  Pope,  Robt.  H. 
McCurdy,  Alfred  D.  Eddy,  Nathaniel  M.  Jones,  Henry  Browne,  Thos.  G. 
Windes,  committee  on  admission. 

Bohemian  Congregation  of  Free  Thinkers. — Meets  Sundays  at  2  p.  M.,  at  74 
W.  Taylor  st. ;  president  and  minister,  F.  B.  Zdrubek. 

British  American  Association. — There  are  in  Chicago  the  Illinois  State 
Council  and  ten  branches  of  the  British  American  Association  of  the  United 
States.  Visiting  members  consult  city  directory  for  location  of"  branches, 
etc.  President,  Gen.  M.  M.  Trumbull;  vice-president,  Gen.  D.  McMullan; 
secretary,  A.  J.  Hodge ;  assistant  secretary,  S.M.Ewert;  treasurer,  H.  Cheatle. 

Canadian  American  League. — 22,  134  Van  Buren  st.  President,  J. 
Pearson;  treasurer,  W.  Bannerman;  secretary,  F.  C.  Shaw. 

Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. — Founded  in  1857,  incorporated  in  1859. 
One  of  the  most  flourishing  of  Chicago's  societies  previous  to  the  great  fire,  in 
which  it  lost  a  collection  of  priceless  value.  After  the  fire  a  new  building  for  the 
society  was  erected,  but  the  society  was  compelled  to  part  with  it,  owing  to 
the  heavy  debts  which  it  had  to  bear.  Of  late  years  the  society  has  been 
adding  to  its  collection  of  birds,  mammals,  etc.,  etc.,  which  has  been  on 
exhibition  in  the  Exposition  building.  The  removal  of  that  structure  will 
necessitate  a  change  of  location.  Officers:  Dr.  E.  Andrews,  president;  B.  W. 
Thomas  and  Prof.  J.  H.  Long,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  J.  W.  Velie,*secretary; 
Prof.  W.  K.  Higley,  librarian;  and  Prof.  E.G.  Howe,  recorder.  The  trustees 
are:  E.  E.  Ayer,  J.  H.  McVicker,  C.  M.  Higginson,  Joseph  Frank,  C.  F. 
Gunther,  Dr.  H.  A.  Johnson. 

Chicago  Astronomical  Society. — President,  Elias  Colbert;  secretary,  H.  C. 
Ranney ;  treasurer,  Murray  Nelson;  director,  Professor  G.  W.  Hough, 
This  society  was  organized  in  November,  1863.  It  owns  the  celebrated 
"Dearborn  University"  telescope,  the  object  lens  of  which  was  made  by 
Alvan  Clark,  and  which  is  now  in  possession  of  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity at  Evanston.  [See  Northwestern  University.]  The  instrument  has  18% 
inches  clear  aperture  and  a  focal  length  of  23  feet. 

Chicago  Democracy. — An  organization  of  the  Democratic  party  in  Chicago 
for  campaign  purposes.  Officers:  President,  Frank  Wenter;  vice-presidents, 
Frank  Lawler,  C.  S.  Thornton,  and  William  J.  Mangier;  secretary,  William 
Fennimore  Cooper;  assistant  secretary,  H.  L.  Bailey;  treasurer,  Austin  J. 
Doyle;  sergeant-at-arms,  T.  J.  Curry, 


EHcYCLOPEt>iA.  515 

Chicago  Historical  Society. — Organized  April  24,  1856.  At  the  time 
of  the  fire  it  was  a  flourishing  institution,  with  a  large  library  and  a 
valuable  collection,  occupying  a  building  42x90  feet  at  the  northwest  corner 
of  Dearborn  avenue  and  Ontario  street.  The  entire  collection,  including 
over  100,000  books,  newspapers,  manuscripts,  etc.,  were  lost  in  the  great 
fire.  Several  valuable  paintings  and  the  original  draft  of  Lincoln's  Emanci- 
pation Proclamation  also  perished.  The  institution  has  partially  recovered, 
and  now  occupies  a  one-story  brick  building  at  142  Dearborn  avenue.  The 
late  Albert  D.  Hager  was  for  many  years  its  secretary  and  librarian,  and  did 
much  toward  rebuilding  the  institution.  The  present  secretary  is  John 
Moses,  who  receives  visitors  with  courteous  attention.  The  officers  are :  Presi- 
dent, E.  G.  Masoa ;  Vice-presidents,  Geo.  W.  Smith,  A.  C.  McClurg;  Treas- 
urer, Gilbert  W.  Shaw. 

Chicago  Law  Club. — Composed  of  leading  members  of  the  Chicago  bar, 
•who  meet  for  social  purposes  and  to  discuss  important  questions  relating  to 
the  welfare  of  the  profession,  etc. 

Chicago  Law  Institute. — Chartered  by  special  act  of  the  legislature, 
February,  1857.  The  charter,  as  granted,  was  almost  a  countsrpart  of  that 
held  by  the  New  York  Law  Institute.  It  was  organized  as  a  stock  company, 
with  shares  at  $100  each,  subject  to  an  annual  assessment  of  $25.  The  first 
officers  of  the  institute  were:  John  M.  Wilson,  president;  Van  H.  Higgins, 
vice-president,  and  Elliott  Anthony,  secretary.  The  library,  in  October,  1871, 
contained  about  7, 000  volumes.  It  was  located  in  the  old  Court  House  and 
was  lost  in  the  great  fire.  The  task  of  restoring  it  was  immediately  begun. 
It  is  again  located  in  the  Court  House  and  is  one  of  the  finest  law  libraries  in 
the  United  States.  Among  the  presidents  of  the  Law  Institute  have  been: 
Judge  John  M.  Wilson,  Judge  Walter  B.  Scales,  Judge  George  Manierre, 
Hon.  Van  H.  Higgins,  Elliott  Anthony,  Judge  W.  K.  McAllister,  Hon.  Wm. 
H.  King,  Hon.  James  P.  Root,  John  M.  Rountree,  John  N.  Jewett,  Charles 
W.  Reed,  George  Payson,  Lambert  Tree,  Sidney  Smith,  Julius  Rosenthal, 
Robert  Hervey  and  George  Gardner.  Julius  Rosenthal  was  for  years  the  libra- 
rian, and  to  him  the  institute  is  greatly  indebted  for  the  judicious  care  exer- 
cised by  him  in  the  purchasing  and  procuring  of  books,  and  the  members  of 
the  institute,  in  order  to  show  their  appreciation  of  his  services,  at  the 
annual  election  in  1879,  voted  him  an  honorary  member  for  life.  Among 
those  who  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  organization  of  the  institute  were: 
Sanford  B.  Perry,  George  Manierre,  James  P.  Root,  William  H.  King;  John 
A.  Thompson  and  Ira  Scott.  The  membership  of  the  institute  includes 
nearly  all  of  the  reputable  lawyers  of  the  city.  All  lawyers  have  access  to  the 
library  at  a  nominal  annual  membership  fee.  In  addition  to  building  up  and 
sustaining  a  law  library,  the  institute  takes  an  active  part  in  proposing  amend- 
ments to  the  laws  and  reforms  in  their  execution.  Officers:  John  Barton 
Payne,  president;  Robert  E.  Jenkins,  first  vice-president;  Charles  H.  Aldrich, 
second  vice-president;  W.  H.  Holden,  treasurer;  Julius  Rosenthal,  librarian; 
Frederick  W.  Packard,  secretary.  Board  of  managers:  John  H.  Hamliue 
J.  K.  Edsall,  W.  C.  Niblack,  Henry  B.  Freeman,  Robert  H.  McMurdy,  N. 
M.  Jones,  E.  W.  Adkinson,  W.  M.  Low,  M.  D.  Ewell.  Assessment  of  mem- 
bers, $15  for  1891. 

Chicago  Orchestral  Union.— Organized  December,  1890,  for  the  promo- 
tion of  music.  Incorporators:  C.  N.  Fay,  N.  K.  Fairbank,  A.  C.  Bartlett, 
E.  B.  McCagg  and  C.  D.  Hamill.  This  is  the  corporation  under  whose 
direction  the  Theodore  Thomas  Orchestra  is  employed.  [See  Thomas  Or- 
chestra.] 


516  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Chicago  Philatelic  Society — An  association  of  stamp  collectors  and  con- 
nected with  the  National  Philatelic  Association.  Gives  an  annual  banquet 
and  holds  frequent  meetings.  Officers:  P.  M.  Walseiffer,  president;  W.  Jan- 
sen,  vice-president;  A.  L.  Pierce,  treasurer;  C.  E.  Levern,  secretary;  A.  P. 
Hosmer,  VV.  C.  Hurzerg,  Samuel  Leland,  governing  board. 

Chicago  Society  of  Decorative  Art. — 200  Michigan  avenue.  Officers:  Mrs. 
J.  Y.  Scainmon,  president ;  Mrs.  John  N.  Jewett,  vice-president ;  Mrs.  Dud- 
ley P.  Wilkinson,  treasurer  ;  Miss  Emma  C.  Kellogg,  secretary  ;  Mrs.  T.  B. 
Blackstone,  Mrs.  S.  M.  Nickerson,  Mrs.  Charles  Henrotin  directors  ;  Mis. 
John  J.  Glessner,  chairman  of  membership  committee. 

Chicago  Turngemeinde.  Officers:  Louis  Nettelhorst,  president;  George 
Schmidt,  vice-president;  Emil  Blocli,  corresponding  seeietary  Charles  Dur- 
and,  recording  secretary;  Edward  Fit Ider,  treasurer;  Emil  Homan,  cashier; 
Gustav  Houser,  book-keeper;  II.  Herzberg,  librarian;  A.  G.  Hambock,  first 
turnwart;  Fred  Hess,  second  turnwart;  A.  La  Thomas,  first  property  clerk. 
F.  Emerick,  secoud  property  clerk. 

Columbian,  Association. — Principal  object  the  improvement  of  the  home 
through  the  enlightenment  of  housekeeping  as  to  scientific  sanitation,  relative 
value  of  various  foods,  and  the  most  hygienic  and  economical  method  yet  dis- 
covered of  preparing  them.  There  has  been  some  concern  lest  \\oman  should, 
as  their  horizon  widened,  rush  as  a  mighty,  one-mii,d(d  multitude  out  from 
their  homes  and  leave  the  hearthside  deserted.  The  widespread  and  enthusi- 
astic interest  which  has  been  awakened  by  the  proposition  of  the  founders  of 
this  association  to  afford  housekeepers  reliable  scientific  information  which 
will  enable  them  to  conduct  their  households  more  successfully  shows  that 
women  first  of  all  are  anxious  to  improve  their  homes  aiid  that  with  all  their 
gettings  they  greatly  desire  to  get  the  undeistanding  which  will  enable  them 
to  do  so. 

The  association  numbers  about  a  hundred  members  and  is  really  the 
outgrowth  of  the  committee  on  household  economics  of  the  world's  congress 
auxiliary,  of  which  Mrs.  John  Wilkinson  is  chairman  and  Mrs.  Thomas  F. 
Gane  vice-chairman.  The  members  of  the  committee  on  household  economics 
are  elected  by  the  general  committee  of  the  world's  congress  auxiliary  and  its 
meetings  are  open  only  to  its  members.  The  meetings  of  the  Columbian 
Housekeepers'  Association  are  open  to  any  one  interested  in  their  work. 

The  organization  is  divided  into  seven  committees.  There  is  a  committee 
on  sanitary  condition  of  houses,  correct  plumbing,  ventilation,  light,  heat, 
etc. 

The  second  committee  is  on  intelligence  offices  and  various  institutions,  of 
which  Mrs  J.  M.  Hill  is  chairman,  and  which  is  devoted  to  keeping  a  correct 
directory  of  all  institutions,  together  with  a  short  statement  of  their  objects, 
and  also  of  all  intelligence  offices,  with  a  statement  of  the  help  they  can  sup- 
ply. It  is  the  duty  of  this  committee  to  secure  if  possible  the  co-operation  of 
the  various  Intelligence  offices. 

The  third  committee,  of  which  Mrs.  E.  A.  Matthiessen  is  chairman,  has 
charge  of  collating  and  arranging  information  in  regard  to  the  work  of  cook- 
ing and  industrial  schools,  co-operative  laundries  and  bakeries,  training 
schools  for  nurses  and  servants,  kitchen  gardens  and  kindergartens  and 
mothers'  and  nurse-girls'  classes,  and  keeps  the  association  informed  in  . 
regard  to  their  work. 

The  fourth  committee  is  on  food  supply,  with  Mrs.  Anna  H.  White  as 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  517 

chairman.  Their  work  is  to  prepare  for  publication  each  week  a  list  of  foods 
— which  will  make  it  possible  to  compare  Chicago  markets  with  others — and 
also  to  furnish  lists  of  seasonable  articles  of  food,  menu  which  will  be  timely 
and  suggestive,  and  other  interesting  matter  relating  to  household  economies. 

The  fifth  committee  is  devoted  to  the  dissemination  of  information  in 
regard  to  the  work  of  the  association. 

The  sixth  committee,  of  which  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert  is  chair- 
man, is  devoted  to  household  economics  in  village  communities.  Its  work  Is 
to  formulate  plans  to  simplify  housework  in  village  communities;  to  suggest 
plans  for  co-operation  in  laundries  and  other  work  which  can  be  done  on  this 
plan  ;  to  discuss  plans  for  profitable  market  gardening,  the  production  on  a 
small  scale  of  eggs  and  poultry,  and  to  furnish  information  on  all  topics 
connected  with  housework.  These  committees  are  all  well  organized  and 
doing  systematic  and  effective  work. 

The  officers  of  the  association  have  opened  correspondence  with  persons 
who  have  distinguished  themselves  in  different  departments  of  household 
economics,  and  are  in  this  way  profiting  by  the  experience  of  those  who  have 
given  their  entire  attention  to  the  subject. 

The  model  house,  which  will  probably  be  built  on  the  World's  Pair 
grounds  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Woman's  Building,  was  suggested  by  Lucy  M. 
Salmon,  of  Vassar  College.  Her  idea  is  to  erect  a  house  that  shall  cost  not 
more  than  $5,000,  as  that  would  come  within  the  means  of  probably  the 
largest  number  of  persons.  The  aim  would  be  to  furnish  an  object  lesson  in 
the  very  best  scientific  draining,  plumbing,  lighting,  heating,  ventilation,  and, 
indeed,  everything  that  secures  perfect,  sanitary  condiiions.  It  will  also 
illustrate  all  labor  saving  devices  and  whatever  has  been  accomplished  for  the 
household  by  science  rather  than  art.  It  is  further  proposed  that  lunches,  pre- 
pared on  scientific  principles,  be  served  in  this  house  and  that  the  printed  bill 
of  fare  shall  set  forth  the  simple  physiological  value  of  each  article  served, 
the  exact  cost  of  the  material  used  in  its  preparation,  as  well  as  the  fuel 
needed  in  cooking  it.  The  suggestion  is  made  by  Miss  Salmon  that  experts 
be  requested  to  experiment  on  a  bill  of  fare  for  the  lunches  in  this  house  at 
once,  with  the  aim  in  view  of  obtaining  the  greatest  amount  of  nourishment 
from  a  given  amount  of  food  material  at  the  least  expenditure  of  fuel,  time 
and  strength. 

Cymrodorian  Society. — Called  after  the  famous  London  Society  of  that 
name.  Composed  of  Welsh  residents.  Organized  Oct.  23,  1890.  Has  no 
stated  place  of  meeting.  Officers:  Samuel  Job, President;  W.  E.  Powell  and 
D.  I.  Davies,  Vice  presidents;  Professor  W.  Apmadoc,  Secretary;  E.  G. 
Lloyd,  Recording  Secretary ;  Evan  Lloyd ,  Treasurer.  The  object  of  the  society 
is  to  study  Welsh  literature  and  to  encourage  Keltic  fellowship  and  scholar- 
ship. 

Dania  Society. — 345  Milwaukee  avenue.  Regular  meetings,  first  Sat- 
urdays and  third  Thursdays.  President,  H.  Okenholdt;  Vice-presidents,  C. 
Mikkelsen,  C.  C.  Hansen;  Recording  Secretary,  J.  Hansen. 

Deutscher  Krieger  Verein. — Meets  first  and  third  Sundays,  at  2  p.  M., 
45  North  Clark  street.  President,  F.  Liudermann;  treasurer,  F.  Zirzow;  sec- 
retary, C.  Kessler. 

Garibaldi  Legion. — Meets  first  Fridays,  169  Washington  street.  Presi- 
dent, R.  Puccini;  treasurer,  L.  Arata;  secretary,  J.  Ginochio,  room  18, 
95  Dearborn  street. 


518  fetJIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

German  Mutual  Benefit  Association. — 24,  206  La  Salle  street.     President, 
M.  G.  Good;  secretary,  S.  Wucst,  treasurer,  F.  C.  L.  Muebike. 

German  Society  of  Cfiicago. — The  German  Society  of  Chicago  (Deutsche 
GesellschaftvonChicago,Ill.)wasestablished  in  the  month  of  May,  1854.  under 
the  name  of  Society  for  the  Protection  and  Aid  of  German  Immigrants 
(Huelfs-Verein  fuer  Deutsche  Einwandeier),  and  owed  its  origin  to  the  fact 
that  both  the  vast  increase  and  the  growing  importance  of  German  immigration 
to  this  country  called  for  some  means  of  protection  to  those  immigrants  who 
were  ignorant  of  our  language  and  the  peculiar  conditions  of  this  country, 
and  who,  on  that  account, might  easily  be  taken  advantage  of  by  the  dishonest 
and  unscrupulous  in  ourcommunity.  Its  first  president  was  George  Bormann, 
and  its  secretary,  George  Hillgaertner,  who  was  then  and  afterwards  so 
favorably  known  as  being  among  the  editorial  representatives  of  the  German 
press  of  this  country,  one  of  the  most  earnest  advocates  of  republican  institu- 
tions. The  society  numbered  250  members  during  the  first  year  of  its  exist- 
ence, and  was  soon  recognized  by  all  the  leading  German  citizens  of  Chicago 
as  one  of  the  most  efficient  benevolent  institutions  in  the  West.  The  annual 
reports  of  the  society,  always  replete  with  interesting  facts  and  just  observa- 
tions bearing  upon  the  subject  of  immigration  and  general  relief  work,  have 
been  the  means  whereby  the  society  has  become  known,  not  only  in  this 
country,  but  also  in  Germany,  as  one  of  the  leading  institutions  of  its  kind. 
The  society  meets  at  49  La  Salle  street.  Officers:  President,  Max  Eberhardt; 
vice-president,  Dr.  Theo.  J.  Bluthardt;  secretary,  Adolph  Sturm;  treasurer, 
C.  L.  Neihoff. 

Girls'  Friendly  Society. — The  Girls'  Friendly  Society  has  branches  In 
every  part  of  the  city,  and  though  it  is  non-sectarian  its  patronesses  belong 
without  exception  to  the  Episcopalian  Church.  Thus  there  are  in  connection 
with  every  Episcopal  Church  in  Chicago  branch  societies  having  reading 
rooms  and  rooms  for  mutual  entertainment  where  working  girls  may  meet 
several  evenings  in  each  week  for  mental  and  social  recreation.  At  each  of 
the  following  churches  there  are  branches  of  this  kind  :  The  Cathedral,  St. 
James,  St.  Clement's,  Trinity,  St.  Mark's,  St.  Stephen's,  Grace  Episcopal 
Church,  St.  Thomas'  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Church  of  the  Transfiguration, 
and  Church  of  St.  Philip,  the  Evangelist,  at  Brighton  Park.  The  principal 
branch,  however,  which  embraces  more  than  three  hundred  girls,  is  that  con- 
ducted by  energetic  women  philanthropists  on  the  North  Side  in  connection 
with  St.  James'  Episcopal  Church. 

Horticultural  Society.  —  Incorporated  in  1890.  Officers:  President, 
George  Schneider;  first  vice-president,  William  H.  Chadwick;  second  vice- 
president,  F.  C.  Vierling;  third  vice-president,  E.  G.  Uihlein;  treasurer,  A.  L. 
Chetlain;  secretary,  J.  D.  Raynolds;  assistant  secretary,  G.  L.  Grant.  This 
society  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  giving  exhibitions  annually  and 
encouraging  horticulture  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago. 

ILLINOIS  HUMANE  SOCIETY: — Chartered  as  Illinois  Society  for  prevention 
of  cruelty  to  animals  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  March  25, 
1869.  Prevention  of  cruelty  to  children  was  joined  to  its  work  aud  the  name 
changed  to  Illinois  Humane  Society,  July  5,  1877.  This  important  and  use- 
ful society  is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  Officers:  John  G. 
Shortall,  president;  George  Schneider,  treasurer.  Office,  Auditorium  build- 
ing, room  43,  telephone  No.  65.  Directors  and  dates  of  election:  George  E. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  51J> 

Adams,  1876;  J.  McGregor  Adams.  1889;  Philip  D.  Armour,  1880;  Mrs.  F.  H. 
Beckwith,  1880;  Alson  E.  Clark,  1891:  Belden  F.  Culver,  1869;  John  T.  Dale, 
1891;  John  C.  Dore,  1869;  Marshall  Field,  1879;  Henry  L.  Frank,  1880;  John 
J.  Glessner,  1884;  Henry  N.  Hart,  1879;  T.  W.  Harvey,  1880;  Mrs.  Wm.  G. 
Hibbard,  1880;  Thomas  E.  Hill,  1882;  Albert  W.  Landon,  1869;  Franklin 
Mac Veagh,  1888;  Wm.  Penn  Nixon,  1886;  Ferd  W.  Peck,  1876;  Mrs.  Ferd 
W.  Peck,  1878;  George  Schneider,  1883;  John  B.  Sherman,  1869;  John  G. 
Shortall,  1869;  Henry  H.  Shufeldt,  188s>;  Otho  S.  A.  Sprague,  1891;  Joseph 
Stockton,  1877;  William  H.  Swift,  1891;  David  Swing,  1880;  Mrs.  Elia  M. 
Walker,_1876;  Moses  D.  Wells,  1882. 

Legislature  of  1885  authorized  the  payment  of  all  fines  paid  in  money 
imposed  through  its  agency,  into  its  treasury.  The  total  receipts  for  the 
year  ending  April  30,  li-91,  with  balance  from  preceding  year  were  $9, 199. 51 
and  the  expenses  $7,301.41.  The  society  is  called  on  continually  for  a  mul- 
titude of  service  outside  its  legitimate  sphere,  and  is  active  in  giving  aid, 
either  material  or  advisory,  to  all  applicants.  To  illustrate  in  part  the  work 
of  the  socity,  the  following  statistics  show  the  summary  for  the  year  ending 
April  30,  1891: 

Complaints  and  cases  investigated,  3,787;  children  rescued  and  condition 
remedied,  1,315,  Children  placed  in  charitable  institutions,  567;  persons  and 
teamsters  reprimanded,  1,262;  Horses  laid  up  from  work,  as  unfit  for  service, 
167;  disabled  animals  removed  by  ambulance,  133;  incurable  and  abandoned 
animals  shot,  500;  persons  prosecuted  for  cruelty  to  animals,  130;  persons 
prosecuted  for  cruelty  to  children,  44;  amount  of  tines  imposed,  $3,375.60. 

In  addition  to  this  summary  should  be  added  that  portion  of  work  of  the 
society  through  William  Mitchell,  state  officer,  at  the  stock  yards,  not  included 
in  the  above,  viz. : 

Attention  to  and  amelioration  of  condition,  through  watering,  feeding, 
etc.,  of  over  16,000  animals. 

The  society  has  erected  in  the  neighborhood  of  thirty  street  fountains 
through  the  streets  of  the  city  for  the  supply  of  drinking  water  to  persons 
and  animals. 

Complaints  are  received  and  examined,  whether  forwarded  anonymously 
or  not,  but  it  requests  always  that  the  name  of  the  complainant  should  be  sent 
to  it,  for  obvious  reasons,  and  the  name  is  never  divulged  if  requested  to  be 
kept  secret. 

Contributions  to  this  society's  work  may  be  sent  to  the  president  or  treas- 
urer or  to  any  member  of  the  board  of  directors. 

Illinois  Society,  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. — Composed  of  descend- 
ants of  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  of  other  participants  in 
that  struggle.  Officers — President,  Henry  M.  Shepard:  first  vice-president, 
Willard  T.  Block;  second  vice-president,  Fernando  Jones;  secretary,  John  D. 
Vandercook;  treasurer,  David  W.  Clark;  registrar,  E.  A.  Filkins;  historian, 
John  T.  Long;  chaplain,  Charles  Edward  Cheney;  board  of  managers,  Fred- 
erick R.  Southmayd,  Richard  Rohns,  John  C.  Long,  James  Hyde,  Chicago; 
Charles  L.  Alley,  Rockford;  James  Montgomery,  Peoria;  Henry  S.  Boutelle, 
Chicago;  Richard  Dewey,  Kankakee;  John  C.  Polly,  Horace  G.  Bird,  Chi- 
cago;  J.  W.  Vance,  Springfield;  Amory  Bigelow,  Hobart  C.  Taylor,  Luther 
M.  Shreve,  Chicago.  Delegate-at-large,  Willis  G.  Jackson;  delegates,  Ed.  A. 
Hill  and  F.  C.  Hale. 

Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture. — President,  La  Fayette  F.  Shirley; 


520  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

secretary,   W.    C.  Garrad,    Springfield;  vice-president  (first  district),  J.   I. 
Pearce,  Sherman  House,  Chicago;  treasurer,  J.  W.  Bunn,  Springfield. 

Irish  Catholic  Colonization  Association. — Meets  first  Wednesday  in  May, 
and  quarterly  thereafter,  at  Grand  Pacific;  President,  Rt.  Rev.  J.  S.  Spakling, 
Peoria;  secretary  and  treasurer,  N.  J.  Onahan,  Chicago. 

Irish  National  Burial  Association. — A  benevolent  society.  Officers: 
President,  S.  C.  Buckley;  vice-president,  Daniel  O'Connor;  secretary,  John 
Markey;  treasurer,  Dennis  O'Connor;  trustees,  M.  Fitzgerald,  M.  J.  Kelly, 
M.  Mulcahy,  John  Dowling,  J.  J.  O'Connell. 

Luxemburg  Unterstuetzungs  Verein. — Meets  second  Sundays  at  376  W. 
Twelfth  street. 

Medical  Societies. — CHICAGO  ACADEMY  OP  HOMEOPATHIC  PHYSICIANS  AND 
SURGEONS  —  Meetings  first  Thursday  evening  of  every  month  at  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel;  CHICAGO  DENTAL  SOCIETY — Meets  first  Tuesdays  at  45  Ran- 
dolph street;  CHICAGO  ECLECTIC  MEDICAL  SOCIETY — Meets  third  Wednesday 
in  each  month  at  Grand  Pacific  Hotel;  CHICAGO  GYNECOLOGICAL  SOCIETY — 
Meets  at  Grand  Pacific  Elotel  third  Friday  evening  of  each  month;  CHICAGO 
MEDICAL  PRESS  ASSOCIATION — Meets  .it  7  and  9  Jackson ;  CHICAGO  MEDICAL 
SOCIETY — Meets  on  the  first  and  third  Monday  of  each  month  at  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel;  CHICAGO  PATHOLOGICAL  SOCIETY — Meets  second  Monday  of 
each  month  at  Warren  and  Ashland  aves.;  CLINICAL  SOCIETY  OF  THE  HAHNE- 
MANN'S  HOSPITAL — Meets  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  first  Saturdays;  ILLINOIS 
STATE  BOARD  OF  DENTAL  EXAMINERS— 12,  103  State;  ILLINOIS  STATE  BOARD 
OF  HEALTH — Meets  quarterly  at  Chicago  and  Springfield;  ILLINOIS  STATE 
BOARD  OF  PHARMACY  (For  the  examination  and  registration  of  druggists); 
ILLINOIS  STATE  DENTAL  SOCIETY — Next  annual  meeting  second  Tuesday  in 
May,  1892,  at  Bloomington;  ILLINOIS  STATE  ECLECTIC  MBDICAL  SOCIETY; 
ILLINOIS  STATE  MEDICAL  SOCIETY — Next  meeting  second  Tuesday  in  May, 
1892;  POST-GRADUATE  POLICLINIC  OF  ECLECTIC  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY — 
Ada,  nw.  cor.  Fulton;  WOMEN'S  HOMEOPATHIC  MEDICAL  SOCIETY — Meets 
second  Mondays  at  8  P.  M.,  Sherman  House;  WOMEN'S  PHYSIOLOGICAL  INSTI- 
TUTE— Meets  first  and  third  Mondays  (October  to  April,  inclusive)  at  3  P.  M., 
at  Michigan  ave.,  sw.  cor.  Van  Buren. 

Moral  Educational  Society. — A  society  for  the  advancement  of  moral  edu- 
cation. Officers:  President,  Hennillo  K.  Morris,  M.  D.;  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Hattie  Davis;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Laura  L.  Randolph,  M.  D. ;  executive 
committee,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Darling  and  Mrs.  H.  C.  Garner. 

Naval  Veteran's  Association. — Officers:  Captain,  D.  B.  Hubbard;  com- 
mander, John  C.  Richberg;  lieut.  commander,  W.  L.  Orr;  lieutenant,  J.  L. 
Gooding;  chaplain,  W.  L.  Baldwin;  surgeon,  S.  J.  Jones,  M.  D.;  paymaster, 
R.  N.  Hopkins;  srecetary,  Jhon  J  .R  yanjquartermaster.  Jas.  F.  Egan. 

Northwestern  Association  of  Horse  Breeders. — Officers:  President,  J  ohn  L. 
Mitchell,  Milwaukee;  vice-presidents,  Jackson  I.  Case,  Wisconsin;  S.  A. 
Browne,  Michigan;  W.  P.  Ijams,  Indiana;  A.  W.  Dennison,  Kansas;  J.  D. 
Creighton,  Nebraska;  George  Sherwood,  Minnesota;  Judge  Walter  I.  Hayes, 
Iowa;  Ed  Martin,  Missouri;  W.  A.  Sanborn,  Illinois;  W.  H.  Raymond, 
Montana;  Bradford  Dubois,  Colorado:  C.  F.  Emery,  Ohio;  A.  C.  Beckwith, 
Wyoming.  Treasurer,  H.  D.  McKinney,  Janesville,  Wis.;  secretary,  Robert 
Allen,  Joliet,  111. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  MILWAUKEE  AVENUE  STATE  BANK. 

[See  "  Banks,  State  and  Private."] 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  521 

Northwestern  Traveling  Men's  Association. — The  largest  organization  of 
commercial  travelers  in  the  world.  Officers:  President,  George  J.  Keed, 
Chicago;  vice-president* — Illinois,  Sajnuel  Baker;  Iowa,  Frederick  Field; 
Minnesota,  Cyrus  Beall;  Wisconsin,  J.  W.  Ellsworth;  Indiana,  W.  S.  McMil- 
lan; Missouri,  W.  H.  Cleland;  Michigan,  P.  H.  Carroll;  Kentucky,  Nathan 
Uri;  Kansas,  D.  E.  Good;  New  York,  S.  P.  Paul;  Colorado,  W.  W.  Palmer; 
Nebraska,  James  McCord;  North  Dakota,  W.  S.  Stockdale;  South  Dakota, 
J.  W.  Sheldon;  California,  James  Balfour;  Montana,  J.  C.  Masliu;  Oregon, 
S.  J.  Freedman;  Washington,  W.  W.  Powell;  Utah,  George  T.  Odell;  New 
Jersey,  E.  C.  Woodward;  Texas,  A.  D.  Bradshaw;  Ohio,  Eric  Schulen.  Sec- 
retary and  treasurer,  C.  H.  Hinman,  Chicago;  Directors  for  two  years,  F. 
C.  Etheridge,  T.  J.  Garrigan,  W.  H.  Cribben,  Conrad  Witkowsky,  Edward 
Doyle. 

Ogontz  Association. — Founded  by  the  Chicago  Alumnte  of  the  Ogontz 
School  in  1891,  who  conceived  the  idea,  in  the  name  of  their  alma  mater,  of  a 
lunch  room  for  self-supporting  women.  The  following  plan  was  adopted  : 
each  active  member  subscribed  $10  in  annual  dues,  and  each  associate  member 
subscribed  $15,  while  many  added  their  gifts  of  furniture,  table  furnishings 
and  books.  In  addition  friends  and  well-wishers  added  greatly  to  their  con- 
tributions by  placing  their  names  upon  the  guarantee  fund.  In  February, 
1891,  all  arrangements  were  finally  completed.  Two  sunny  rooms  were 
selected  on  the  thirteenth  floor  of  the  new  Pontiac  building,  which  stands  in 
the  midst  of  the  printing  district,  on  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Harrison 
streets.  One  room  was  tastefully  fitted  for  a  reading  and  reception  room,  and 
provided  with  an  excellent  assortment  of  books,  magazines  and  games;  also 
tables,  comfortable  chairs  and  a  piano.  Over  this  room  three  or  more  mem- 
bers of  the  Ogontz  Association  preside  daily;  one  to  attend  to  the  books, 
which  may  be  taken  from  the  library  if  returned  within  two  weeks,  and  one  to 
act  as'casbier.  Others  play,  sing,  or  assist  in  making  the  lunch  hour  pleas- 
ant, and  become  acquainted  with  the  members  of  the  Lunch  Club. 

A  monthly  payment  of  10  cents  entitles  any  wage-earning  girl  or  woman 
to  full  membership,  and  enables  her  to  obtain  a  wholesome  lunch  at  small 
expense.  Tea,  coffee  or  milk  is  sold  for  2  cents,  home-made  sandwiches  or 
rolls  or  cake  for  5  cents.  During  the^summer  ice  cream  and  iced  tea  are 
served,  aud  through  the  winter  hot  bouillon  is  furnished. 

The  light  and  pleasant  lunch-room,  which  opens  from  the  reading  room, 
is  well  supplied  with  neat  tables  and  chairs,  muslin  curtains  and  a  cupboard 
for  china.  At  one  end  stands  the  lunch-counter,  behind  which  gleam  tea  and 
coffee  urns.  Here  each  member  receives  from  the  matron,  assisted  by  one  of 
the  members  of  the  Ogontz  Association,  her  order,  accompanied  by  a  check, 
and  is  at  liberty  to  seat  herself  at  any  table.  Many  prefer  to  bring  their  own 
luncheon,  and  desire  only  a  cup  of  tea  or  coffee. 

From  12  to  2  o'clock  daily,  excepting  Sunday,  the  rooms  are  filled,  the 
membership  having;  reached  200,  with  an  average  attendance  of  100.  Officers: 
Miss  Bonnie  Withrow,  president;  Mrs.  Louis  Lafiin,  first  vice-president;  Mi?s 
Belle  Hughitt,  second  vice-president;  Miss  Maud  Towle,  recording  secretary; 
Miss  Katharine  Porter,  corresponding  secretary;  Miss  Mabel  M.  Pope,  treas- 
urer. 

Personal  Rights  League. — Executive  Committee  :  Matt  Bpnner,  James  A. 
Brucker,  F.  V.  Buschick,  W.  H.  Dyrenforth,  A.  J.  Doyle,  Jacob  Heissler, 
Francis  A.  Hoffmann,  Jr.,  Dr.  T.  N.  Jamieson,  Dr.  G.  T.  Lydston,  Jacob 


522  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Mauz,  Theodore  Oehne,  Col.  Francis  W.  Parker,  C.  Herman  Plautz,  F.  H. 
Rohde,  Graeme  Stewart,  Frank  A.  Stauber,  Henry  Steinbeck,. John  G.  Schaar, 
James  Sullivan,  George  A.  Weiss,  Charles  H.  Wacker. 

Philosophical  Society  of  Ohicago. — Organized  shortly  after  the  great  fire. 
Rev.  Dr  H.  W.  Thomas,  then  pastor  of  the  First  M.  E.  Church,  being  one  of 
its  most  active  promoters.  Dr.  Thomas  drew  into  council  with  himself  a 
few  of  like  spirit,  and  a  preliminary  meeting  was  held  September  8,  1873,  at 
which  a  committee  on  organization  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Dr. 
H.  W.  Thomas,  A.  B.  Keith,  Dr.  T.  A.  Bland,  E.  F.  Abbott  and  T.  B.  Tay- 
lor.  The  next  meeting  was  held  September  16th,  and  the  final  organization 
was  effected  October  llth,  in  the  rooms  of  the  First  M.  E.  church;  and  there 
the  society  held  its  meetings  for  awhile.  The  course  of  lectures  was  begun, 
even  before  the  constitution  was  adopted,  with  a  lecture  by  Col.  A.  N. 
Waterman,  September  23d,  on  the  influence  of  Modern  Philanlhrophy  upon 
Law.  At  the  same  time,  the  plan  was  adopted  of  criticising  rach  lecture, 
members  of  the  society  offering  comments  in  brief  speeches.  From  the  first 
the  society  insisted  upon  perfect  freedom  of  utterance  in  its  lectures  and 
discussions.  Its  constitution  was  the  simplest  possible  form  of  organization, 
the  preamble  to  which  was  as  follows:  "Being  profoundly  impie&sed  with 
the  unity  of  Truth  in  its  origin,  and  of  its  infinite  value  to  man,  and  being 
equally  impressed  with  the  blinding  effects  upon  the  human  mind  of  igno- 
rance, prejudice  and  superstition,  it  has  seemed  desirable  to  us  (believing 
the  time  for  such  a  movement  has  arrived)  to  seek  the  organization  of  a 
society,  whose  sole  motto  shall  be  '  What  is  truth  ?'  whose  members,  regard- 
less of  past  association  preconceived  opinions  or  expressed  convictions,  shall, 
in  a  spirit  of  simplicity  and  candor,  associate  for  the  investigation  of  questions 
that  are  peculiar  to  our  time,  pertaining  to  human  welfare."  The  member- 
ship of  the  society  has  varied  between  100  and  400.  Among  its  presidents 
have  been  Rev.  Joseph  Haven,  D.  D.,  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas,  Judge  Henry 
Broth,  Gen.  N.  B.  Buford,  Dr.  Samuel  Willard,  Dr.  Edmund  Andrews, 
Prof.  Rodney  Welch. 

Plait  Deutsch  Vei-ein  meets  Thursdays  at  Uhlich's  Hall.  President, 
C.  Jansen;  treasurer,  A.  Boenert;  financial  sccretaiy,  Geo.  B.  Tiarks;  record 
ing  secretary,  H.  Richter. 

Reform  Societies. — CITIZENS'  ASSOCIATION  OP  CHICAGO,  94  La  Salle  st. 
President,  J.  J.  Glessner;  vice-president,  J.  H.  Bradley;  secretary,  J.  C. 
Ambler.  CITIZENS'  LEAGUE  OP  CHICAGO,  Room  31-32,  116  La  Salle  st.  An 
association  of  citizens  of  Chicago,  acting  under  a  special  charter,  for  the 
purpose  of  enforcing  the  laws  prohibiting  the  sale  of  liquor  to  minois  and 
drunkards.  Officers:  President,  Israel  H.  Rumsey;  fiist  vice-president, 
C.  M.  Howe;  50  honorary  vice-presidents;  fifteen  uienibcis  of  executive  com- 
mittee. E.  D.  Redingtou,  recording  secretary;  A.  L.  Coe,  treasurer;  H  J. 
Hay  ward,  general  agent;  C  M.  Albenson,  assistant  geLcral  agent;  C.  C. 
Bonney,  general  counsel;  Gen.  I.  N.  Stiles  and  Thomas Deut,  special  counsel. 
During  the  year  1891  787  cases  against  saloon-keepers  were  prosecuted. 
Charges  were  preferred  against  1,306  persons.  Of  these  485  were  for  selling 
liquor  to  minors,  and  735  for  selling  liquor  to  drunkards  and  83  for  keeping 
disreputable  houses.  Five  hundred  and  ninety-four  were  fined  in  the  justice 
courts  and  ninety-three  held  to  the  criminal  court.  The  city  received 
$11,566.10  through  tines.  The  expenses  of  the  league  for  the  last  year  have 
been  $7,331.69.  CIVIL  SERVICE  REFORM  LEAGUE,  107  Dearborn  Bt.  Presi- 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  523 

dent,  J.  H.  Norton;  secretary,  F.  H.  Scott.  ILLINOIS  TARIFF  REFORM 
LEAGUE,  116-118  Dearborn  st.  President,  Franklin  MficVeagh;  secretary,  C. 
B.  Pfahler.  INTERNATIONAL  LAW  AND  ORDER  LEAGUE,  114  La  Salle  st. 
President,  C.  C.  Bonney.  REVENUE  REKORM  LEAGUE  OF  COOK  COUNTY., 
92  La  Salle  st.  President,  J.  S.  Lombard;  treasurer,  W.  A.  Bond;  secretary, 
J.  C.  Ambler.  WESTERN  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  SUPPRESSION  OF  VICE,  10  Arcade 
Court.  President,  H.  D.  Penfield;  secretary,  W.  W.  Van  Arsdale 

Ridgeicay  Ornithological  Club. — 131  Wabash  ave.  Officers:  President,  G. 
F.  Morcom;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Henry  K.  Coale. 

Secret  Societies. — Every  secret  order  is  represented  in  Chicago,  nearly  all 
of  the  societies  bjing  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Visiting  members  of  secret 
societies  will  consult  the  city  directory  for  location  of  lodges,  names  of 
officers,  etc. 

Singing  Societies. — There  are  a  number  of  large  singing  societies, 
"  Saenger  Bunds,"  etc.,  in  the  eity.  Visitors  will  consult  the  city  directory  for 
location  of  meeting  places,  names  of  officers,  etc. 

Societa  Christqforo  Colonibo. — Meets  4th  Sundays,  2  p.  M.,  at  82  W.  Madi- 
son st.;  president,  G.  B.  Giannini;  vice-president,  B.  "Basso;  secretary,  T. 
Dani;  treasurer,  C.  Ginocchio. 

Societa,  Francaise  De  Secours  Mutual. — Meets  1st  Fridays,  25  Blue  Island 
ave.  President,  Eugene  La  Pointe;  secretary,  Joseph  Bourgean;  treasurer, 
J.  Chalifoux. 

Societa  Italiana  Unione  e  Fratellanza. — Meets  1st  Sundays,  112  Ran- 
dolph st.  President,  A.  Arata,  664  W.  Harrison  st. ;  secretary,  G.  Segale. 

Society  for  Ethical  CutlureA5  Randolph  St.,  2d  floor;  lectures  every  Sun- 
day, 11  A.  M.,  at  Grand  Opera  House. 

Soldiers'  Home  Association. — Officers:  President,- Mrs.  Margaret  Vierling; 
first  vice-president,  Mrs.  8.  J.  Wardtier;  second  vice-president,  Maria  Cluet; 
recording  secretary,  Mrs.  Mary  Hayues;  corresponding  secietary,  Mrs.  M.  M. 
Kyle;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Carrie  Tebbetts;  directors:  Mrs.  Margaret  Vierling, 
Mrs  Juliette  Sine,  Mrs.  Mary  Thiell,  Mrs.  Maria  Cluet,  Mrs.  Ellen  Bridges, 
Mrs.  D.  A.  Leaverton,  Mis.  Sophia  A.  Lincott,  Mrs.  Mary  Bourman,  Mrs. 
Cariie  Tebbetts,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Aubrey,  Mis.  Mary  Strang,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Ward- 
ner,  Mrs.  Lorraine  Pitkin,  Mrs.  Mary  Haynes,  and  Miss  Jennie  Bross. 

South  End  Flower  Mission. — Is  not  a  denominational  society.  Meets  each 
Tuesday  at  9  A.  M.  in  the  parlors  of  Memorial  Baptist  Church,  Oakwood 
boulevard,  and  carries  flowers  to  every  hospital  arid  charitable  institution 
south  of  Twenty -second  street.  The  report  for  the  last  year  shows  that 
16,437  bunches  of  flowers  and  1,293  books  and  other  reading  matter  were 
distributed.  Officers.  President,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Beeman;  vice-presidents,  Mrs. 
A.  Tuttle  and  Mrs  Alvah  Perry,  treasurer,  Mrs.  William  A.  Comstock;  sec- 
retary, Mrs.  H.  S.  Tiffany,  No.  3742  Ellis  avenue. 

St.  Andrew's  Society. — Organized  under  the  name  of  the  Illinois  St.  An- 
drews' Society,  January  26,  1846.  A  constitution  and  the  code  of  by-laws  were 
adopted  in  1850,  and  revised  and  amended  in  1858,  and  again  in  1872,  after 
the  great  fire  of  October,  1871.  The  society  was  incorporated  by  special  act 
of  the  legislature  of  Illinois  in  February,  1853.  Since  the  first  organization 
in  1846,  the  society  has  never  failed  to  hold  its  regular  anniversary  meeting 


524  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

on  St.  Andrew's  day.  From  a  weakly  child  the  society  has  grown  into  a 
strong  and  stalwart  man.  Members  in  large  numbers  have  flocked  to  its 
standard,  and  its  position  has  now  become  so  well  assured  and  permanent 
that  no  worthy  applicant  for  its  bounty  is  ever  turned  away  with  empty 
hands.  But  not  alone  on  the  living  are  its  benefits  conferred.  In  the  ceme- 
tery at  Rose  Hill,  the  society  since  1858  has  owned  a  burial  place,  where  the 
friendless  and  destitute  Scotchman  dying  in  a  foreign  land  amongst  strangers 
is  tenderly  cared  for,  and  his  ashes  repose  in  peace  in  the  grounds  and  under 
the  shadow  of  the  monument  of  this  most  excellent  charity,  with  a  stone 
marked  to  indicate  the  spot  where  he  sleeps.  The  means  of  the  society  are 
derived  from  the  annual  subscriptions  of  the  members  ($3.00),  the  fees  on 
initiation  ($2.00)  and  the  profits  derived  from  the  anniversary  dinners  on  St. 
Andrews  day,  and  the  annual  balls  given  by  the  society  for  the  benefit  of  the 
ladies,  as  they  are  not  admitted  to  the  annual  dinners.  Meets  first  Thursday 
in  February,  May,  August  and  November  at  Sherman  House.  President,  A. 
C.  Cameron;  treasurer,  Duncan  Cameron;  secretary,  Jas.  Duncan. 

St.  Vincent  De  Paul  Societies. — There  is  a  St.  Vincent  De  Paul  society  in 
every  Catholic  parish  in  the  city.  Visitors  will  consult  the  city  directory 
for  location,  names  of  officers,  etc. 

State  Microscopical  Society. — Meets  second  Friday  (except  June  to  Sep- 
tember inclusive)  at  184  Wabash  ave.  President,  Plymmon  S.  Hayes,  M.  D. ; 
secretary,  Howard  N.  Lyon,  M.  D.;  treasurer,  W.  H.  Summers. 

State  Council  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion. — The  Legion  has  three  thousann 
members  in  Illinois  and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition.  The  State  Council 
numbers  forty  members.  Officers :  President,  M.  J-.  Keane  ;  vice-president, 
William  Rogan  ;  orator,  E.  J.  Walsh  ;  secretary,  J.  J.  O'Donnell ;  treas- 
urer, A  Schneider;  marshal,  James  M.  Doyle ;  guard,  Myles  O'Kelly. 

Temperance  Societies. — There  are  lodges  of  the  Good  Templar  and  Sons  of 
Temperance  orders  scattered  throughout  the  city.  Visiting  members  will 
consult  the  city  directory  for  location,  names  of  officers,  etc. 

Turners'  Societies. — There  are  a  number  of  Turners'  societies  in  the  city, 
all  of  which  are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  A  new  North  Side  Turner  Hall 
is  shortly  to  be  erected.  A  new  hall  for  the  National  Turnverein  is  to  be 
erected  at  the  corner  of  Laflin  and  Eleventh  sts.  Visiting  Turners  will  con- 
sult the  city  directory  for  location  of  Turner  halls,  names  of  officers,  etc. 

Typothebv,  The. — A  society  of  master  printers.  Officers:  Charles  E. 
Leonard,  president;  P.  F.  Pettibone  and  Fred  Barnard,  vice-presidents; 
Thomas  Knapp,  secretary;  Franz  Gindele,  treasurer;  executive  committee,  C. 
H.  Blakely,  chairman,  A.  McNally,  R.  R.  Donnelley,  William  Johnson  and 
W.  P.  Dunn. 

Union  Veteran  League. — Officers :  Jacob  Gross,  president ;  W.  A. 
Hutching,  first  vice-president ;  W.  T.  Ball,  second  vice-president ;  William 
H.  King,  treasurer  ;  E.  J.  Burkert,  recording  secretary  ;  Samuel  Kcrr,  cor-' 

Unione  e  Fratellanza. — An  Italian  society,  and  the  oldest  in  Chicago.  Its 
officers  are:  Angelo  Arata,  president;  Luigi  Pinocci,  vice-president;  Angelo 
Bacigalupo,  treasurer; Giuseppe  Segale,  Giovanni  B.  Giannini,  financial  and 
recording  secretaries. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  525 

responding  secretary;  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows,  chaplain;  Charles  F.  Small, 
commissary  ;  Joseph  Harvey,  marshal  ;  Thomas  A.  Parker,  quartermaster  ; 
G.  Frank  White,  judge  advocate  ;  Alfred  C.  Cotton,  surgeon  ;  Frank  S. 
Allen,  M.  V.  Zimmerman  and  Charles  E.  Elbby,  directors. 

Union  Veteran  Legion,  No.  102. — Officers:  Colonel,  J.  W.  Kersey! 
lieutenant-colonel,  John  W.  Thompson;  major,  Peter  Adler;  officer  of  the 
day,  Patrick  McGrath;  surgeon,  Gen.  George  Heinzmann;  adjutant,  N.  A. 
Reed.  The  League  is  composed  entirely  of  veterans  who  served  two  continu- 
ous years.  None  are  admitted  on  hospital  or  quartermaster  records  unless 
they  received  wounds  in  action  and  were  enlisted  prior  to  July  1,  1863. 

United  Commercial  Travelers'  of  America. —  Commonly  known  as  the 
"  U.  C.  T."  A  secret  organization  composed  of  commercial  travelers  only; 
with  means  of  instant  recognition  at  all  times,  members  are  enabled  to  aid 
each  other  in  many  ways  as  fellow-travelers.  As  the  constitution  says  of  its 
objects:  "  To  unite  frateraally  all  Commercial  Travelers  of  good  moral  char- 
acter. To  give  all  moral  and  material  aid  in  its  power  to  its  members  and 
those  dependant  upon  them.  Also  to  assist  the  widows  and  orphans  of  de- 
ceased members.  To  establish  an  indemnity  fund  to  'Indemnify  its  members  for 
total  disability  or  death  resulting  from  accidental  means.  To  secure  from  all 
transportation  companies  and  hotels  just  and  equitable  favors  for  Commercial 
Travelers  as  a  class.  To  elevate  the  moral  and  social  standing  of  its  mem- 
bers. The  constitution  also  reads,  referring  to  membership:  "Any  male 
person  of  good  moral  character,  engaged  as  a  Commercial  Traveler  (for  a  term 
of  not  less  than  one  year),  soliciting  orders  from  samples,  catalogue 
card,  price-list,  or  description,  forjcommission,  wholesale  house,  or  man- 
ufacturer at  wholesale,  may  become  a  member  (if  found  acceptable)  upon 
application  in  due  form,  and  the  payment  of  an  application  fee  of  five  dollars, 
and  the  quarterly  dues  of  the  Council."  "  Chicago  Council "  is  the  name  of 
the  body  in  our  city.  The  order  has  paid  ' '  its  members  and  those  dependent 
upon  them  "  over  eleven  thousand  dollars  in  the  past  four  years  of  its  exist 
ence,  for  injury  received  or  death.  Information  can  be  obtained  by  address- 
ing Mr.  Nate  L.  Maher,  7013  Yale  St.,  Chicago. 

Western  Amateur  Press  Association.  An  association  of  young  journalists. 
Officers:  President,  Miss  Alice  Fitzgerald;  vice-president,  Theodore  B. 
Thiele;  secretary,  Alfred  J.  Robinson;  treasurer,  Miss  Marion  Skinner;  official 
editor,  J.  Herbert  Phillips. 

Western  Society  of  the  Army  of  The  Potomac. — Officers:  President, 
Col.  Freeman  Conuor;  vice  presidents,  Capt.  John  F.  Weare,  Col.  E.  R.  P. 
Shurly  and  Capt.  John  Lambert,  of  Joliet;  secretary,  Capt.  Richard  Robins; 
recorder,  Capt.  William  Bye;  treasurer,  Colonel  A.  J.  Burbank;  chaplain, 
Rev.  William  White  Wilson;  surgeon,  Dr.  J.  Vrey.. 

Women's  Press  Association. — Officers:  President,  Mary  Allen  West;  first 
vice  president,  Mrs.  Mary  Dye;  second  vice-president,  Mrs.  Sallie  M.  Moses; 
third  vice-president,  Miss  Anna  R.  Weeks;  recording  secretary  Mrs.  L. 
Chamberlain  Madden;  assistant  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  Eva  Kinney  Grif- 
fith; corresponding  secretary,  Emily  A.  Kellogg;  assistant  corresponding 
secretary,  Mrs.  E.  J.  Abbott;  treasurer,  Mrs.  F.  E.  Owens;  librarian,  Miss 
Dusenberry. 


526  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

Woman's  Alliance.— Composed  of  representatives  from  the  various 
women's  societies  of  the  city.  Meets  at  the  Palmer  House  on  the  first  Friday 
of  every  month. 

Woman's  Exchange. — A  semi-charter  organization  for  the  promotion  of 
the  interests  of  working  women.  At  the  last  regular  meeting  of  the  Exchange 
Mrs.  J.  8.  McAuley  reported  that  the  Exchange  had  just  closed  the  most  suc- 
cessful year  of  its  existence,  speaking  from  a  philanthropic  point,  but  not 
from  a  financial  one.  By  close  economy  the  Exchange  had  been  able  to  make 
both  ends  meet  and  leave  the  reserve  fund  intact.  During  the  year  $36,000 
has  been  paid  to  self-supporting  women,  being  nearly  $16,000  more  tha-n  the 
amount  paid  out  last  year.  The  number  of  depositors  is  now  500,  having 
increased  117  during  the  year.  The  art  committee  reported  receiving  from  sales 
during  the  year  $2,558.04;  embroidery  committee,  $1,527.99;  sewing  com- 
mittee, $1,191.13;  crochet  committee,  $1,266.02;  domestic  committee,  $13, 
719.20.  Ouly  10  per  cent,  of  the  amount  received  from  sales  is  kept  by  the 
Exchange  to  pay  expenses.  The  rest  is  paid  to  the  consignors.  Officers: 
President,  Mrs.  A.  A.  Carpenter;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Lyon;  second 
vice-president,  Mrs,  8.  R.  Howell;  third  vice-president,  Mrs.  O.  Guthrie; 
recording  secretary,  Mrs.  J.  T.  McAuley;  corresponding  secretaries,  Mrs.  S.G. 
Field  and  Mrs.  T.  F.  Withrow. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

A  large  number  of  public  institutions  in  Illinois,  including  prisons, 
reformatories,  hospitals,  asylums,  etc.,  are  conducted  under  .the  supervision, 
and  maintained  at  the  expense,  of  the  State.  They  are  as  follows: 

Illinois  Asylum  for  feeble-Minded  Children. — Located  at  Lincoln,  156 
miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Illinois  Central  or  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad. 
Average  daily  attendance  of  inmates  about  375.  Average  age  of  inmates 
about  15  years.  Annual  expenses  about  $75,000. 

Illinois  Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane. — Located  at  Jacksonville,  215 
miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  Average  number 
of  patients  about  925.  Annual  cost  of  maintenance,  $150,000. 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. — Located  in  Chicago,  nw.  cor. 
of  Adams  and  Peoria  sts. ;  take  Adams  st.  car.  A  handsome  structure.  The 
average  number  of  patients  per  annum  treated  for  diseases  of  the  eye  is  about 
4,000;  for  the  ear  about  1,100.  Over  50,000  patients  have  been  treated  since 
the  opening  of  the  institution  in  1858.  The  expenses  per  annum  are  about 
$30,000. 

Illinois  Eastern  Hospital  for  the  Insane. — Located  at  Kankakee,  56  miles 
south  of  Chicago.  Take  the  Illinois  Central  railroad.  Average  number  of 
patients  about  1,500.  Ordinary  expenses  per  annum  about  $250,000. 

Illinois  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind. — Located  at  Jackson- 
ville, 215  miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  Average 
number  enrolled  about  215,  of  whom  about  one-third  are  females.  Annual 
appropriation  for  maintenance  about  $120,000. 

Illinois  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. — Located  at 
Jacksonville,  215  miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad. 
Average  number  of  people  on  the  rolls  about  600.  Ordinary  expenses  per 
annum  about  $125,000, 


ENCYCLOPEDIA;  627 


Illinois  Northern  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  —  Located  at  Elgin,  42Jx£  miles 
from  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  North-  Western  or  Chiqago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  railroad.  The  number  of  patients  averages  nearly  600.  The  per 
capita  cost  of  maintenance  is  about  $169.  The  buildings  are  large  and  are 
being  constantly  improved. 

Illinois  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home.  —  Located  at  Normal,  124  miles  south- 
west of  Chicago.  Take*Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  The  average  number  of 
inmates  is  about  210  males  and  150  females.  Annual  expenses,  about  $50,000. 
This  is  an  educational  institution  as  well  as  a  home  for  the  orphans  of  Illinois 
soldiers.  Every  branch  of  English  common-school  education  is  taught. 

Illinois  Soldiers'  and  Saitors'  Home.  —  Located  at  Quincy,  264  miles  south- 
west of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad.  Conducted 
on  the  cottage  plan.  Average  number  of  inmates,  about  750.  Cost  of  main- 
tenance, about  $175  per  capita.  Ordinary  expenses,  about  $100,000  perannum. 

Illinois  Southern  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  —  Located  at  Anna,  329  miles 
southwest  of.  Chicago.  Take  Illinois  Central  railroad.  The  average  number 
of  patients  in  the  institution  is  about  675.  The  cost  of  maintenance  per 
capita  is  $162.  The  annual  appropriation  for  maintenance  and  improvements 
is  about  $125,000 

Illinois  Southern  Penitentairy.  —  Located  at  Chester,  near  St.  Louis.  Take 
Illinois  Cential  railroad.  Average  number  of  prisoners,  about  800.  Here  the 
convicts  are  employed,  as  at  Joliet,  in  all  trades,  under  tho  contract  system. 
There  are  extensive  brick  yards  in  the  prison.  The  prison  is  almost  self- 
sustaining,  the  average  appropriation  to  meet  the  deficit  being  about  $50,000. 

Illinois  State  Penitentiary.  —  Located  at  Joliet,  37  miles  south  of  Chicago. 
Take  Chicago  &  Alton;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  or  Michigan  Central 
railroad.  Average  aumber  of  prisoners,  1,400.  The  prison,  through  a 
system  of  convict  contract  labor,  is  almost  self-sustaining.  The  prison  itself 
is  built  after  the  manner  of  American  penal  institutions  generally,  although 
many  of  the  latest  improvements  have  been  adopted  in  the  plans  of  the  cell 
buildings,  work  shops,  etc.  From  the  report  of  the  chaplain  for  an  average 
year  the  following  interesting  facts  are  obtained  :  Whole  number  received 
during  the  two  years  covered  by  the  biennial  report,  1,206.  Of  this  number, 
843  were  not  members  of  any  church  at  the  time  of  their  conviction.  Of  the 
363  remaining,  229  were  Catholic,  8  Baptist,  4  Christian,  1  Church  of  Eng- 
land, 2  Congregationalist,  25  Episcopal,  1  Greek,  3  Jewish,  52  Lutheran,  25 
Methodist,  8  Presbyterian,  1  Protestant.  2  Reform,  1  Dunkard  and  1  United 
Brethren.  One  thousand  and  ten  had  attended  Sabbath-school;  many,  of 
course,  only  for  a  brief  period  and  in  very  early  youth,  while  196  never  had 
any  religious  training.  The  educational  records  show  108  illiterate,  104  read 
only,  566  read  and  write,  338  common-school  education  and  90  high  school. 
Their  habits"  of  life  were:  Intemperate,  338;  moderate  drinkers,  545;  abstinent, 
323.  The  social  record  is  as  follows:  Both  parents  living,  408;  both  parents 
dead,  326;  father  dead,  303;  mother  dead,  154;  unknown,  15;  241  lost  father 
before  10  years  of  age;  188  lost  father  between  10  and  18  years;  154  lost 
mother  before  10  years  of  age;  140  lost  mother  between  10  and  18  years;  80 
left  home  under  10  years  of  age;  273  left  home  between  10  and  15.  The 
prison  has  a  Sabbath-school,  with  an  enrollment  of  over  1,000  members;  there 
are  Sabbath-afternoon  prayer  meetings,  and  there  is  a  library  containing 
about  12,000  volumes.  Stone-cutting,  barrel-making,  harness  making,  tailor- 
ing, shoe-making,  and,  in  fact,  nearly  all  trades  are  earned  on  inside  the 
walls.  Visitors  are  admitted  under  certain  restrictions. 


528  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO 

Illinois  State  Reform  School. — Located  at  Pontiac,  92  miles  southwest  of 
Chicago.  Take  Jllinois  Central,  Chicago  &  Alton  or  Wabash  railroads. 
Average  number  of  inmates,  about  325.  Cost  of  maintenance,  about  f  50,000 
per  annum.  The  manual  training  system  is  in  operation  here.  The  inmates 
are  boys  sent  by  the  courts  generally  on  complaint  of  parents  who  can  not 
control  them. 

TRIBUTARY  CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 

The  following  are  the  principal  cities  and  towns  of  the  West,  Southwest 
and  Northwest,  tributary  to  Chicago,  with  their  distances  from  this  city,  the 
railroad  lines  by  which  they  may  be  reached  and  their  respective  populations 
according  to  the  census  of  1890: 

Cincinnati. — The  largest  and  most  important  city  in  Ohio;  county  seat  of 
Hamilton  Co.;  extends  along  the  river  a  distance  of  10  miles;  average  width, 
3  miles;  area,  24  square  miles.  Free  public  library  contains  137,972  volumes 
and  15,565  pamphlets;  reached  by  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  &  Erie.  Population  (1890),  296,309. 

Cleveland. — The  county  seat  of  Cuyahoga,  Ohio;  on  the  southern  shore 
of  Lake  Erie,  365  miles  east  of  Chicago.  A  beautiful  and  prosperous  city, 
with  great  commercial  inteiests.  One  of  the  finest  avenues  in  the  world — 
Euclid — may  be  seen  here.  In  Lake  View  Cemetery  the  body  of  the  late 
President  Garfield  is  interred.  A  monument  costing  $250,000  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory.  Reached  by  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  &  Erie  railroads.  Popu- 
lation (1890),  261,546. 

Columbus. — Situated  on  the  Sciota  river,  116  miles  northeast  of  Cincin- 
nati. County  seat  of  Franklin  and  capital  of  Ohio.  Has  large  coal,  iron 
manufacturing  and  general  commercial  interests.  Beautifully  situated,  well, 
laid  out  and  handsomely  built.  Reached  by  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Cleveland, 
Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  and  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburg 
railroads.  Population  (1890),  90,000. 

Council  Bluffs. — Situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Missouri  river,  in  Iowa, 
opposite  Omaha,  in  Nebraska;  on  the  line  of  the  great  continental  railway 
from  Chicago  to  San  Francisco;  about  amile  east  of  Omaha.  Two  of  the  finest 
iron  bridges  in  the  country  span  the  Missouri  river.  Reached  by  the  Chicago 
&  North- Western,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroads.  Population  (1890), 
18,063. 

Des  Moines. — Capital  of  Iowa;  county  seat  of  Polk  county;  138  miles 
east  of  Omaha;  357  miles  west  of  Chicago;  comprises  an  area  of  8  square 
miles;  nearly  equally  divided  by  the  Des  Moines  river,  flowin-g  north  and 
south;  the  west  side  being  again  divided  by  the  Racoon  river,  which  here 
joins  the  former.  On  the  east  side  is  erected  the  State  capitol  on  an  elevated 
site,  surrounded  by  a  10-acre  park.  State  library  contains  30,000  volumes. 
Reached  by  Chi  'ago  &  North- Western,  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy, 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Chicago,  St.  P"aul  &  Kansas  City  and 
Wabash  railroads.  Population  (1890),  50  000. 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  529 

Detroit.—  Principal  city  of  the  State  of  Michigan;  county  seat  of  Wayne 
county.  Detroit  stretches  along  the  Detroit  river  six  and  one-half  miles, 
reaching  back  two  and  three  -fourths  miles.  On  the  opposite  shore  is  Windsor, 
Canada.  Detroit  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  most  prosperous  cities  in 
the  West.  It  has  immense  manufacturing  and  railroad  interests.  Reached 
by  Michigan  Central,  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  and  Wabash  railroads.  Population  (1890),  205,669. 

At  Detroit  is  located  Victor  Colliau's  new  improved  Hot  Blast  Cupola 
works,  situated  at  287  Jefferson  ave.  The  improvements  made  by  Victor 
Colliau  have  overcome  the  difficulties  which  stood  in  the  way  of  those 
engaged  in  melting  iron  a  few  years  since.  The  melting  of  twenty-five  tons 
at  one  heat  and  at  a  rate  greater  than  three  or  four  tons  an  hour  was  unknown, 
and  the  melting  of  three  or  four  pounds  of  iron  with  one  pound  of  coke  was 
considered  a  very  satisfactory  result.  Large  castings  could  not  be  made 
and  it  was  considered  a  great  foundry  that  melted  five  to  six  tons  a  day.  The 
New  Improved  Patented  Hot  Blast  Cupola  has  surmounted  all  difficulties, 
and  Victor  Colliau  is  now  melting  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  and  ten  tons  a 
day,  in  some  of  them  at  a  speed  of  fifteen  to  twenty  tons  an  hour,  and  ten  to 
thirteen  pounds  of  iron  to  the  pound  of  coke.  This  is  a  wonderful  advance- 
ment, but  Mr.  Colliau  is  now  building  and  will  be  prepared  to  show  the 
visitor  to  Detroit  during  1892  a  cupola  that  will  melt  twenty-five  tons  per 
hour.  Correspondence  is  solicited  for  plans  of  foundries  and  the  economi- 
cal working  of  cupolas,  the  saving  of  fuel  in  melting  iron  and  steel  and  in 
the  production  of  steam.  Those  visiting  Detroit  who  are  interested  in  the 
iron  and  steel  melting  business  should  seethe  works  of  Victor  Colliau. 

Galena. — County  seat  of  Jo  Daviess  county,  111.;  180  miles  west  north- 
west of  Chicago.  It  is  the  commercial  depot  of  an  extensive  district;  owes 
its  prosperity  to  the  species  of  lead  from  which  it  takes  its  name,  and  the 
mines  of  which  surround  it,  underlying,  more  or  less  densely,  an  area  of  over 
1,500,000  acres.  In  1829  the  first  load  was  conveyed  overland  to  Chicago. 
Galena  was  for  many  years  the  home  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.  Here  he  worked 
in  his  father's  tannery  and  leather  store  when  he  offered  his  services  to  the 
country  at  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion.  His  old  home  still  stands,  and  the 
citizens  of  Galena  have  erected  a  handsome  monument  to  his  memory. 
Reached  by  Chicago  &  North- Western  and  Illinois  Central  railroads.  Popu- 
lation (1890),  6,403. 

Galesburg. — County  seat  of  Knox  county,  111. ;  163  miles  west  southwest  of 
Chicago,  at  the  junction  of  branches  of  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,in  a  very  fertile 
farming  district.  Knox  College  and  Lombard  College  are  situated  here. 
Reached  by  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad.  Population  (1890),  15,212. 

Indianapolis. — Capital  of  Indiana;  194  miles  southeastof  Chicago;  altitude, 
148  feet  above  Lake  Erie.  It  extends  four  miles  in  length,  three  miles  wide. 
Public  library  contains  36,461  volumes.  Marion  county  Court  House  is  in 
the  heart  of  the  city;  built  of  Indiana  limestone,  interior  of  iron  and  marble; 
is  150x286  feet,  and  240  feet  to  the  top  of  dome.  Magnificent  new  State 
capitol  buiding  also  here.  Reached  by  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St. 
Louis  ("  Big  Four");  Chicago  &  Erie,  and  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
railroads.  Population  (1890),  125,000. 

Jackson. — Chief  city  of  Jackson  county,  Mich.;  situated  en  the  Grand 
river,  seventy  five  miles  west  of  Detroit;  reached  by  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk 
and  Michigan  Central  railroads.  Population  (1890),  16,105. 


630  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Jacksonville. — Chief  city  of  Morgan  county,  111.;  about  200  miles  south 
southwest  of  Chicago.  Public  buildings  include  State  institutes  for  the 
blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb.  Reached  by  Chicago  &  Alton  and  Wabash  rail- 
roads. Population  (1890),  12,357. 

Kansas  City.— Second  city  of  the  State  of  Missouri;  situated  in  Jackson 
county,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Missouri  river,  235  miles  west  by  north 
from  St.  Louis;  488  miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  The  river  is  crossed  at  this 
point  by  a  bridge  1,387  feet  long,  resting  on  seven  piers.  Is  a  great  railroad, 
cattle  and  commercial  center.  Was  laid  out  in  1830,  but  its  growth  dates 
from  1860.  Reached  by  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe,  Chicago  &  Alton, 
Cjricago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  Wabash  & 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroads.  Population  (I860),  4,418;  (1890) 
105,000. 

Keokuk. — Chief  city,  Lee  county,  la.,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Mississippi,  in  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  the  State  (whence  its  name 
"  Gate  City").  A  canal,  nine  miles  long,  round  the  lower  rapids  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, which  formerly  obstructed  navigation,  has  been  constructed  by 
the  United  States  government,  at  a  cost  of  $8,000,000.  Is  a  port  of  entry, 
reached  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  railroads.  Population  (1890),  14,075. 

Leaoenworth. —  Largest  city  in  Kansas.  Situated  on  the  bluff  at  the  right 
bank  of  the  Missouri  river.  In  1854  the  first  street  was  laid  out;  in  1864 
the  taxable  property  amounted  to  $4,103,562.  Two  miles  above  the  city  is 
Fort  Leaven  worth.  The  government  reservation  has  a  river  frontage  of  six 
miles;  depth,  one  mile;  reached  by  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  and  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroads. 

Lincoln. — County  seat  of  Lancaster  county,  and  capital  of  Nebraska. 
State  University,  State  Prison,  Insane  Asylum  and  Home  for  the  Friendless 
are  all  situated  here;  reached  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  rairoad. 

Louisville — The  most  important  city  in  the  State  of  Kentucky;  situated 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  323  miles  east  of  south  of  Chicago. 
The  city  has  an  area  of  thirteen  square  miles,  aiid  a  water  front  of  eight 
miles.  It  is  a  handsomely  Built  city,  and  the  most  northern  of  the  southern 
group.  The  city  has  large  steamboat,  manufacturing  and  commercial  int^r- 
ests.  Reached  by  Pittstmrg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Lo"is- 
ville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  (' '  Monon  route  ")  railroads.  Population  (1890), 
185,756. 

Milwaukee. — The  largest  city  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin;  situated  on  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  eighty-five  miles  north  of  Chicago.  The  Milwau- 
kee and  Menouionee  rivers  unite  in  the  center  of  the  business  portion  of  the 
city.  A  bay  six  miles  from  cape  to  cape,  and  three  miles  broad  stretches  in 
front  of  the  city,  which  commands  a  tine  water  view.  The  material  used 
for  building  is  largely  the  cream-colored  brick  made  in  the  vicinity,  from 
which  Milwaukee  is  sometimes  called  the  "  Cream  City."  Population  (1890), 
204,150.  Among  other  things  for  which  Milwaukee  is  noted  are  her  immense 
breweries,  which  find  a  market  for  their  product  in  every  part  of  the  world. 
Thecityis  beautifully  built,  and  the  visitor  will  enjoy  atripup  there.  Reached 
by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western,  Chicago,  Milwakee&  St.  Paul  and  Wiscon- 
sin Central  railroads,  the  time  necessary  being  only  three  hours. 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  531 

THE  PLANKINTON. — The  "  Cream  City,"  as  it  has  been  named,  is  noted 
for  its  large  number  of  German  residents,  its  immense  breweries  and  the 
Plankinton  House.  The  Plankinton,  a  model  hotel,  is  centrally  located  on 
Grand  avenue,  occupying  almost  an  entire  block  and  contains  about  450 
rooms.  The  floor  of  the  large  office  is  now  being  relaid  with  marble.  The 
reading  room  is  very  commodious  and  contains  many  handsome  works  of  art 
in  the  way  of  pictures,  etc.  The  billiard  room  is  being  refitted  and  when  the 
alterations  and  furnishings  are  completed  will  be  very  attractive.  Ten  fine 
tables  of  the  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  company's  manufacture  will  be 
placed  in  this  room.  Manager  Chase  always  keeps  a  sharp  lookout  for  the 
comfort  and  entertainment  of  the  guests,  and  that  his  efforts  are  success- 
ful is  shown  by  the  large  list  of  daily  arrivals'  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
During  the  past  three  months  Mr.  Chase  has  purchased  over  twelve  hundred 
choice  etchings  and  engravings,  all  of  which  have  been  very  tastily  framed, 
and  he  is  now  busily  engaged  in  having  them  placed  in  the  public  and  guest 
rooms  throughout  the  hotel.  The  idea  is  a  good  one  and  will  be  appreciated 
by  the  patrons  of  the  Plankinton.  This  hotel  is  noted  for  its  excellent  cui- 
sine, for  which  it  deserves  a  great  deal  of  praise,  also  for  the  prompt  service 
in  the  dining  re  orri. 

THE  PIIENIX  LUMRER  COMPANY. — The  Phenix  Lumber  Company  com- 
menced business  as  a  firm  under  this  name  in  1884,  and  incorporated  three 
years  ago.  In  its  infancy  it  occupied  a  yard  50x150  feet,  was  enlarged  to 
100x325  feet,  again  to  150x325  feet,  and  again  to  200x325  feet,  and  this  year 
again  enlarged,  until  now  it  leases  122,000  square  feet,  giving  it  excellent 
dock  and  rail  facilities.  The  growth  of  its  yard  represents  the  growth  of 
the  hardwood  lumber  business  during  the  last  eight  years.  They  do  business 
in  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Tennessee,  Missouri 
and  Mississippi. 

It  handles  about  twenty  different  kinds  of  lumber,  and  does  ihe  largest 
wholesale  hardwood  business  in  Milwaukee.  The  officers  of  the  company  are 
F.  H.  White,  president;  Geo.  C.  White,  Jr.,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Loca- 
tion of  offices  and  yards,  North  Canal  street,  foot  of  Seventeenth  street. 

Minneapolis. — The  county  seat  of  Hennepin  county,  Minn.,  situated  on 
both  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony,  420  miles  north- 
west of  Chicago.  The  east  side  was  settled  first  under  the  name  of  St. 
Anthony,  which  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1860.  The  west  side  settle- 
ment, named  Minneapolis,  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1867.  In  1872  both  were 
united  under  the  name  of  Minneapolis.  The  falls  supply  abundant  water 
power  for  a  number  of  flour  and  lumber  mills.  Minneapolis  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  prosperous  cities  in  the  Northwest.  It  is  magnificently 
laid  out  and  built  in  a  substantial  and  tasteful  manner.  Of  later  years  its 
growth,  population  and  commerce  have  been  phenomenal.  Reached  by  Chi- 
cago &  North- Western;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul;  Chicago,  St.  Paul 
&  Kansas  City;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Minneapolis  and  Wisconsin  Central 
railroads.  Population  (1890),  164,780. 

Omaha. — Largest  city  in  the  State  of  Nebraska,  situated  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Missouri  river,  490  miles  west  of  Chicago.  Omaha  is  practically  the 
Eastern  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacific  railway  system;  here  are  located  the 
largest  smelting  and  refining  works  in  the  world.  The  city  lias  immense 
puttie,  lumber,  manufacturing  and  commercial  interests.  It  has  grown 


532  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

wonderfully  during  recent  years.  Reached  by  Chicago  &  North- Western; 
Chicago,  Milwaukee&  St.  Paul;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  railroads.  Population  (1890),  134,742. 

Quincy. — County  seat  of  Adams  county,  111.;  situated  125  feet  above  low- 
water  mark  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  the  extreme  western  point  of 
the  State.  The  river  is  crossed  by  a  great  railroad  bridge.  By  water,  Quincy 
is  160  miles  above  St.  Louis;  by  rail,  263  miles  southwest  of  Chicago. 
Reached  by  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad.  Population  (1890),  31,478. 

St.  Joseph. — County  seat  of  Buchanan  county,  Mo.,  and  largest  city  in 
the  northwestern  part  of  that  State,  260  miles  northwest  of  St.  Louis,  500 
miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  A  beautiful  city  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mis- 
souri river,  which  at  this  point  is  spanned  by  a  bridge.  St.  Joseph  is  a  great 
wholesale  center  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  wealthiest  cities  in  the  West. 
The  town  is  handsomely  built.  Reached  by  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific, 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  and  Atchi- 
son.  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  railroads.  Population  (1890),  about  70,000. 

St.  Louis. — Chief  city  of  Missouri,  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  twenty  miles  below  its  confluence  with  the  Missouri;  283  miles 
southwest  of  Chicago.  The  extreme  length,  in  a  straight  line,  17  miles;  the 
greatest  width,  6.60  miles;  length  of  river  frontage,  19.15  miles;  area  (includ- 
ing considerable  territory  at  present  suburban  in  character),  62^£  square 
miles.  St.  Louis  is  one  of  the  handsomest  cities  in  America  and  one  of  the 
most  progressive.  In  point  of  population  it  ranks  the  fifth  in  the  United 
States.  There  are  two  bridges  across  the  Mississippi  river  at  this  point,  one 
of  them  being  a  magnificent  steel  structure  and  ranking  among  the  greatest 
in  the  world.  St.  Louis  has  some  beautiful  parks  and  public  gardens, 
magnificent  business  streets,  elegant  residences,  tine  public  buildings,  and  is 
altogether  a  city  which  the  visitor  should  not  fail  to  see.  Reached  by 
Chicago  &  Alton,  Illinois  Central  and  Wabash  railroads.  Population  (1890), 
460,357. 

St.  Paul.— Capital  of  Minnesota,  county  seat  of  Ramsey  county,  a  port 
of  entry,  situated  on  the  Mississippi  river,  2,150  miles  from  its  mouth,  ten 
miles  below  St.  Anthony's  Falls;  360  miles  northwest  of  Chicago.  The  ground 
on  arhich  the  city  is  built  rises  from  the  river  in  a  series  of  terraces.  Two 
lines  of  steamers  ply  between  St.  Paul  and  St.  Louis  and  intermediate  points; 
the  navigable  season  lastssix  months;  reached  by  Chicago  &  North- Western, 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  Wisconsin  Central,  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  railroads;  population,  1890, 
133,156. 

Springfield. — Capital  of  Illinois;  county  seat  of  Sangamon  county;  laid 
out  1822;  selected  as  State  Capital  1837;  chartered  as  a  city  1840;  185  miles 
southwest  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton,  Illinois  Central  or  Wabash 
train.  Principal  attractions:  State  Capitol,  erected  1866-68,  constructed  of 
Joliet  marble  in  the  form  of  Greek  Cross,  with  portico  of  granite,  385  feet 
long,  296  wide;  has  central  dome,  surmounted  by  a  lantern  with  a  ball  on  the 
pinnacle,  360  feet  high;  contains  a  General  and  Law  Library,  geological  and 
agricultural  museums,  State  Senate  and  Representative  halls  and  State 
offices.  Lincoln  Monument  at  Oak  Ridge  Cemetery,  erected  1874,  designed 
by  Larkin  G.  Mead,  consists  of  a  granite  obelisk,  height,  98%  feet  from 
center  of  spacious  basement  (119}£  feet  long,  72^  feet  wide),  which  contain^ 


O  » 

C  « 

JC  P 

O  ^ 

>  o. 


O   S 

jo   n 


5.  2  £> 

8'    M    S. 


71  B 
p— '  •< 
•^  ^ 

CD 
> 

r 
r 

o 

O 


THE    ENCYCLOPEDIA.  633 

a  catacomb  in  which  is  entombed  the  body  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  a 
memorial  hall.  A  bronze  statue  of  Lincoln  and  four  groups  of  figures  in 
bronze,  symbolizing  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States,  are  arranged 
around  the  base  of  the  obelisk.  Lincoln's  old  homestead  is  also  to  be  seen 
here.  Reached  by  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  Illinois  Central  and  Wabash. 
&  St.  Louis  railroads.  Population,  1890,  24,852. 

Tributary  Towns. — The  following  are  the  towns  of  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Iowa,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  immediately  tributary  to  Chicago,  not 
included  above,  with  their  populations  according  to  the  census  of  1890:  ILLI- 
NOIS: Aurora,  19,634;  Belleville,  15,360;  Bloomington,  20,000;  Cairo,  14,000; 
Canton,  5,589;  Champaign,  5,827;  Danville,  11,528;  Decatur,  16,841;  Dixon, 
5,149;  E.  St.  Louis,  15,156;  Elgin,  17,429;  Freeport.  11,000;  Galena,  6,406; 
Joliet,  27,407;  Lincoln,  6,125;  Litchfleld,  5,798;  Mattoon,  6,829;  Moline, 
ll,995;Monmouth,  5,837;  Ottawa,  11,500;  Paris,  5,049;  Peoria,  40,758;  Rock- 
ford,  23,589;  Rock  Island.  13,596;  Sterling,  5,822;  Streator,  6,120.  INDIANA: 
Anderson,  10,759;  Brazil,  5,902;  Columbus,  6,705;  Crawfordsville,  6,086;  Elk- 
hart,  11,000;  Evaosville,  50,674;  Ft.  Wayne,  35,349;  Goshen,  6,027,  Hunt- 
ingtou,  7,300;  Jeffersonville,  11,274;  Kokomo,  8,224;  Lafayette,  16,407;  La- 
Porte,  7,122;  Logansport,  13,798;  Madison,  8,923;  Marion,  8,724;  Michigan 
City,  10,704;  Muncie,  11,339;  New  Albany,  21,000;  Peru,  6,731 ;  Princeton, 
6,494;  Richmond,  16,849;  Seymour.  5,337;  Shelbyville,  5,449;  South  Bend, 
21,786;  Terre  Haute,  30,287;  Valparaiso,  5,083;  Vincennes,  8,815;  Wabash, 
5,196;  Washington,  6,052.  IOWA:  Boone,  6,518;  Burlington,  22,528;  Cedar 
Rapids,  17,997;  Clinton.  13,629;  Creston,  9,120;  Davenport,  25,161;  Dubuque, 
30,147;  Ft.  Madison,  7,906;  Iowa  City,  5,628;  Lyons,  5,791;  Marshalltown, 
9,308;  Muscatine,  11,432;  Qskaloosa,  7,300:  Ottumwa,  13,996;  Sioux  City, 
37,862; Waterloo,  6,679.  MICHIGAN:  Adrian,  9,239;  Alpena,  11,228;  Ann 
Arbor,  9,509;  Battle  Creek,  13,000;  Bay  City,  27,826;  Big  Rapids,  5,265;  Che- 
boygan,  6,244;  Coldwater,  5,462;  Escanaba,  8,000;  Flint,  9,845;  Grand  Rapids, 
64,147;  Isnpemtng,  11,184;  Kalamazoo,  17,857;  Lansing,  12,630;  Ludington, 
7.199;  Manistee,'i2,799;  Marquette,  9,096;  Menominee,  10,606;  Monroe,  5,246; 
Muskegon,  22,688;  Negaunee,  6,061;  Owosso,  6,544;  Pontiac,  6,243;  Pt. 
Huron,  13,519;  Saginaw,  46,215;  W.  Bay  City,  12.910;  Ypsilanti,  6,128. 
WISCONSIN:  Appleton,  11,8^5;  Ashland,  16,000;  Beloit,  6,276;  Chippewa 
Falls,  8,520;  Eau  Claire,  17,438;  Fond  du  Lac,  11,942;  Green  Bay,  8,879; 
Janesville,  10,631;  Kenosha,  6,529;  La  Crpsse,  25,053;  Madison,  13,392;  Man- 
itowoc,  7,525;  Marinette,  11,513;  Meuominee,  5,485;  Neenah,  5,076;  Oconto, 
5,221;  Oshkosh,  22,753;  Portage,  5,130;  Racine,  21,022;  Sheboygan,  16,341; 
Stevens  Point,  7,888;  Watertown,  8,870,  Waukesha,  7,475;  Wausau,  9,251; 
Superior,  13,000. 

WATER  TRANSPORTATION— LAKE. 

A  large  number  of  steamers  ply  between  this  city  and  points  on  all  of  the 
lakes,  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  river  during  the  summer  season.  These  in 
many  instances  carry  passengers.  In  general,  however,  the  visitor  will  take 
the  following  lines: 

Graham  &  Morton  Transportation  Co. — Dock  foot  of  Wabash  avenue. 
Steamers  leave  for  St.  Joseph  and  Benton  Harbor  daily,  at  9:30  A.  M.  and  11.30 
p,  M.,  arriving  at  St.  Joseph  at  1:30  p.  M.  and  3  A.  M.  "  10  A.  M.  Sundays  only, 


534  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

arriving  at  2  p.  M.  Single  fare  $1.  Meals  extra.  Berths  extra  on  City  of 
Chicago.  Daily  excursion  from  Chicago,  returning  same  day,  $1.  Sunday 
excursions  on  the  City  of  Chicago,  $1.50.  Close  connections  are  made  at  St. 
Joseph  and  Benton  Harbor  with  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Ry.  for  points 
north  and  east,  including  all  points  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Ry.; 
with  the  Cincinnati,  Wauash  &  Michigan  and  Vandalia  Systems  for  points 
south  and  east.  Also  with  the  steamer  May  Graham  for  Berrien  Springs  and 
other  points  on  the  picturesque  St.  Joseph  river.  This  company  does  not 
guarantee  to  run  on  the  above  time,  but  reserves  the  right  to  vary  therefrom 
without  notice.  J.  H.  Graham,  president;  J.  S.  Morton,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer; G.  S.  Whitslar,  general  passenger  agent.  This  company  owns  the  mag- 
nificent steel  side- wheel  steamer  City  of  Chicago  and  two  large,  elegantly-fitted 
propellers.  The  trip  to  St.  Joseph  aud  Benton  Harbor  is  a  delightful  one.  On 
the  Michigan  side  of  the  lake  there  are  many  attractive  and  healthful  summer 
resorts. 

Goodrich  Line. — The  pioneer  and  leading  line  of  lake  steamers,  compris- 
ing the  most  elegant,  most  modern,  as  well  as  the  safest  steamships  which  ply 
Lake  Michigan.  Founded  in  1856  by  Capt.  A.  E.  Goodiich,  and  ten  years  later 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Wisconsin.  Docks  foot  of  Michigan  avenue.  The 
steamers  of  the  Goodrich  Transportation  Company  ply  between  Chicago  and 
all  ports  on  Lake  Michigan  and  Green  Bay,  forming  regular  lines  during  the 
navigation  season  as  follows:  Racine  and  Milwaukee,  daily  morning  and 
evening  lines;  Sheboygan  and  Manitowoc,  daily  evening  line;  Sturgeon  Bay 
and  Menominee,  daily  evening  line;  Grand  Haven  and  Muskegon,  daily  eve- 
ning line;  Green  Bay  and  Manistique,  semi-weekly.  The  latest  additions  to 
the  fleet,  tne  steamships  "City  of  Racine,"  "Indiana,"  "Atlanta,"  and  the 
steel  twin  screw  steamship  "Virginia,"  are  evidences  that  the  ccmpanyis 
determined  to  keep  up  with  the  times  in  providing  everything  that  will  add  to 
the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  the  traveling  public.  The  "Muskegon"  is  a 
steamer  of  900  tons,  the  "Chicago,"  "Menominee" and  the  "City  of  Luding- 
ton,"  1,000  tons  each;  the  "Atlanta,"  "City  of  Racine"  and  "Indiada,"  1,200 
tons  each;  and  the  "Virginia,"  the  queen  of  the  fleet,  2,500  tons. 

The  "Virginia"  is  the  finest  passenger  steamship  on  the  Lake.  It  was 
built  to  order  by  the  Globe  Iron  Works,  and  is  pronounced  by  the  Marine 
Review  (a  recognized  authority  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  construction  aud 
equipment  of  vessels)  to  be,  not  only  the  trimmest  and  most  elegantly  appointed 
passenger  steamship  built,  but  more  than  that,  the  finest  ship  that  flies  the 
American  flag.  The  none  too  extravagent  expressions  about  her  yacht-like 
and  sylph-like  mold  (it  adds)  are  all  contained  in  the  fact  that  her  per  cent,  of 
fullness  or  co-efficient  is  .61,  fully  .15  less  than  any  large  steamer  on  the 
lakes,  and  equal  to  the  finest  lined  ocean  steamship.  The  dimensions  of  the 
hull  are  278  feet  over  all,  260  feet  keel,  38  feet  beam  and  25  feet  deep.  The 
water  bottom  (divided  into  six  sections,  three  on  either  side)  contains  a  tank 
that  will  hold  4,500  gallons  of  fresh  -water. 

The  hull  has  six  water-tight  bulkheads  in  addition  to  the  collision  and 
stuffing  box  bulkheads,  so  that  if  the  boat  should  be  cut  squarely  in  two, 
both  ends  would  float.  On  the  topmost  deck,  aft  the  texes  or  wheel-house, 
ate  the  observation  cabins — one  for  gentlemen  and  one  for  ladies.  The  twin 
screws  are  turned  by  two  sets  of  inverted  triple  expansion  engines,  each  with 
cylinders  twenty,  thirty  and  fifty-two  inches  by  thirty-six  inch  stroke.  Steam 
is  supplied  by  two  double-ended  boilers  of  thirteen  feet  diameter  by  twenty- 
one  feet  two  inches  long,  having  twelve  furnaces,  and  being  equal  to  four 


THE   ENCYCLOPEDIA.  535 

thirteen-foot  boilers  twelve  feet  long.  The  engines,  making  130  revolutions, 
will  drive  the  boat  nineteen  miles  an  hour.  Eight  auxiliary  engines  run  the 
two  dynamos,  the  air  pump,  pumping  machinery,  steerage  gear,  etc.  Each 
state-room  has  four  berths,  two  of  which  are  contained  in  the  regular  berths, 
but  can  be  pulled  out  into  the  cabin.  The  berths  are  hung  with  curtains 
similar  to  those  of  a  Pullman  sleeper,  but  of  richer  texture  and  of  different 
colors.  A  scene  of  oriental  splendor  is  produced  by  the  800  incandescent 
lights  shining  from  every  nook  of  the  cabins. 

The  dining  saloon  is  located  in  the  forward  hole-space,  and  is  reached 
by  a  solid  mahogany  staircase  leading  from  the  forward  end  of  the  main 
cabin.  The  first  stairway  extends  from  the  cabin  to  a  hallway  on  the  main 
deck.  This  hallway  is  finished  in  mahogany,  and  from  it  the'stairway  con- 
tinues to  the  saloon.  The  saloon  is  about  fifty-five  feet  long,  has  an  average 
width  of  about  twenty-four  feet,  and  is  fourteen  feet  high.  The  ceiling  is 
divided  into  panels  about  four  by  six  feet,  filled  with  Lincrusta-Walton.  and 
in  the  center  of  each  panel  is  an  electric  light  pendant.  In  addition  to  these 
lights  three  electroliers  are  hung  from  the  central  beam  runningfore-and-aft 
through  the  saloon.  Daylight  and  fresh  air  are  admitted  to  the  saloonthrough 
twenty  large  brass  "dead-lights,"  each  of  which  is  concealed  from  view  by 
a  screen  of  stained  glass.  An  electric  light  is  placed  behind  each  of  these 
screens  in  such  a  manner  that  when  the  screens  are  closed  and  the  lights  are 
in  operation  the  effect  is  that  of  the  most  brilliant  sunlight  passing  through 
the  stained  glass.  This  arrangement  is  entirely  original  and  the  result  very 
pleasing.  The  sides,  after  end  and  a  portion  of  the  forward  end  (embracing 
the  lower  stairway  and  entrance  to  the  saloon)  are  finished  in  Moorish  fret 
work,  worked  out  in  rich  mahogany  and  backed  at  a  distance  by  mahogany 
panel  work.  With  the  exception  of  the  mahogany  the  entire  saloon  is  finished 
in  the  tasteful  and  fashionable  style  of  decoration  known  as  "ivory  and  gold." 
The  matter  of  ventilation  has  been  carefully  considered,  and  the  saloon  will 
be  kept  supplied  with  fresh  air  and  relieved  from  all  odors  of  cookery  by 
means  of  large  ventilating  fans,  which  will  discharge  all  the  foul  air  into  the 
furnaces  under  the  boilers.  Altogether  the  dining  saloon  is  unique  in  design 
and  decoration,  and  is  without  question  unexcelled  in  convenience,  comfort 
and  beauty.  . 

An  important  feature  is  the  system  of  transverse  frames  of  the  bulkheads, 
which  give  the  main  a  high  degree  of  stiffness  and  stability,  the  result 
being  the  elimination  of  that  disagreeable  vibration  and  jarring  movement 
experienced  on  most  steamers  that  induces  wakefulness.  This  superb  vessel 
was  not  intended  (as  at  first  thought  it  might  seem)  for  the  exclusive  and  pri- 
vate pleasure  of  a  party  of  millionaires,  but  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  people 
of  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  who  patronize  the  Goodrich  line,  although  no 
millionaire  who  travels  on  it  will  miss  the  comforts  of  his  palatial  home.  The 
Virginia  leaves  Chicago  daily  during  the  season  at  9  A.  M. ,  and,  including  a 
stop  at  Racine,  will  make  the  run  to  Milwaukee  in  five  and  a  half  hours; 
returning,  she  leaves  Milwaukee  at  7  P.  M.  The  opportunity  is  thus  afforded 
thousands  of  residents  of  either  city  to  breathe  the  pure  Lake  Michigan  air 
for  a  day  and  enjoy  a  most  delightful  trip,  for  a  sum  that  is  insignificant  com- 
pared with  the  expense  of  a  journey  by  rail. 

Lake  M.  and  Lake  8,  Trans.  Go. — The  Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Superior 
Transportation  Co.,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illiroisin 
1879,  is  the  successor  of  the  old  Pioneer  lines,  established  some  thirty-five 


536  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

years  ago,  and  is  now  the  only  line  operating  freight  and  passenger  steamers 
between  Chicago  and  Duluth,  the  head  of  Lake  Superior.  Steamers  sail  from 
Chicago  regularly  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  evening  at  8.30,  and  call  at 
Mackinac  Island,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Marquette,  and  all  ports  in  the  world- 
renowned  iron  and  copper  district  of  Lake  Superior.  During  the  spring  and 
fall  months  this  company  devotes  its  entire  attention  to  the  freight  business, 
contracting  not  only  for  freight  to  local  points  on  their  route,  but  is  making 
great  strides  in  the  direction  of  through  freight  to  points  in  the  great  Northwest 
as  far  as  the  Pacific  coast.  The  summer  months  are  principally  devoted  to  its 
passenger  business,  which,  during  the  last  few  years,  has  grown  to  enormous 
proportions,  partially  owing  to  the  famous  northern  summer  resorts,  that  are 
reached  regularly  twice  a  week.  The  steamers  of  this  line  are  commodious, 
elegantly  furnished,  and  rank  among  the  best  on  the  inland  seas.  The 
wharf  is  located  near  Rush  street  bridge,  and  is  the  most  convenient  to  the 
business  center  of  the  city. 


PART  IV. 


THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

The  buildings  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  as  provided  by  Act 
of  Congress,  will  be  dedicated  on  October  12,  1892,  the  recognized  anniver- 
sary of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus.  The  Exposi- 
tion, which  will  be  the  greatest  universal  fair  the  world  has  ever  seen, 
will  be  formally  opened  to  the  public  on  May  1,  1893.  The  gates  will 
be  closed  on  October  26,  1893.  Everything  will  be  in  readiness  for  each 
of  these  events.  The  preparations  for  the  dedicatory  ceremonies  have  been 
made  upon  an  elaborate  scale,  and  the  great  buildings  of  the  Exposition 
will  be  completed  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  exhibits  at  the  time  named. 
From  October  12,  1892,  to  May  1,  1893,  the  work  of  receiving  and  placing 
exhibits,  and  in  making  ready  generally  for  the  opening  of  the  display  will  be 
carried  on  without  intermission.  The  status  of  the  World's  Fair  in  the  spring 
of  1892  is  presented  in  the  following  pages.  For  additional  information 
regarding  the  subjects  treated  here  the  visitor  is  referred  to  the  "HANDBOOK 
OF  THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION,"  compiled  by  John  J.  Flinn,  and 
published  by  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  COMPANY.  This  work  is  on  sale  in  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

ADMINISTRATION. 

The  World's  Columbian  Exposition  is  conducted  under  a  joint  adminis- 
tration consisting  of  what  is  known  as  "The  National  Commission"  and 
"The  Local  Board."  From  these  two  organizations  is  also  chosen,  aside 
from  the  executive  officers,  what  is  known  as  "  The  Board  of  Reference  and 
Control,"  to  which  is  submitted  questions  arising  in  either  of  the  governing 
Boards,  for  adjustment  or  final  settlement.  The  affairs  of  the  Local  Board 
are  conducted  by  committees.  The  affairs  of  the  Exposition  management, 
proper,  are  conducted  by  Bureaus,  each  Bureau  having  a  chief.  Herewith 
is  presented  a  full  directory  of  the  Exposition  organization,  National,  Local, 
Executive,  etc. 

World's  Columbian  Commission. — Headquarters,  Rand  &  McNally  Build- 
ing. Officers:  President,  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  Detroit,  Mich.,  Room  417, 
Rand  &  McNally  Bldg.,  Chicago;  secretary,  John  T.  Dickinson,  Austin, 
Texas,  Room  415,  Rand  &  McNally  Bldg.,  Chicago;  president  of  the  board 
of  lady  managers,  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  Room  409,  Rand  &  McNally  Bldg., 
Chicago;  secretary  of  the  board  of  lady  managers,  Mrs.  Susan  G.  Cooke, 
Room  409,  Rand  &  McNally  Bldg.,  Chicago;  director-general,  George  R. 
Davis,  Room  410,  Rand  &  McNally  Bldg.,  Chicago. 

f-37 


538  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

BOARD  OF  REFERENCE  AND  CONTROL. — Thomas  W.  Palmer,  of  Michigan, 
president;  James  A.  McKenzie,  of  Kentucky,  vice-chairman  Executive  Com- 
mittee; George  V.  Massey,  of  Delaware;  William  Lindsay,  of  Kentucky;  M. 
H.  de  Young,  of  California;  Thomas  M.  Waller,  of  Connecticut;  Elijah  B. 
Martindale,  of  Indiana;  J.  W.  St.  Clair,  of  West  Virginia. 

COMMISSIONERS. — The  World's  Columbian  Commission  consists  of  "eight 
conimissiojers  at  large"  and  eight  alternates  appointed  by  the  president  of 
the  United  States,  and  two  Commissioners  and  two  alternates  from  each  of 
the  States  and  Territories,  appointed  by  the  governors  of  States,  and  two 
commissioners  and  two  alternates  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  These  commissioners  are  selected 
equally  from  each  of  the  two  great  poliiical  parties  of  the  country. 

Officers  of  the  Local  Board. — Headquarters,  Rand  &  McNally  Building, 
Adams  near  La  Salle  street.  President,  William  T.  Baker;  vice-presidents, 
Thomas  B.  Bryan  and  Potter  Palmer;  secretary  and  solicitor-general,  Btnja- 
min  Butterworth;  assistant  secretary,  J.  H.  Kingwill;  treasurer,  Anthony  F. 
Seeberger;  auditor,  William  K.  Ackerman;  traffic  manager,  E.  E.  Jaycox. 

BOARD  OF  REFERENCE  AND  CONTROL. — Wm.  T.  Baker,  Thos.  B.  Bryan, 
Potter  Palmer,  Lyman  J.  Gage,  Edwin  Walker,  Ferd  W.  Peck,  Fred  S.  Win- 
ston, Harlow  N.  Higinbotham. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. — William  T.  Baker,  Thomas  B.  Brvan,  Potter 
Palmer,  Ferdinand  W.  Peck,  W.  D.  Kerfoot,  Edwin  Walker,  A.  H.  Revell, 
Chas.  H.  Schwab,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Robert  C.  Clowry,  Robert  A. 
Waller,  Lyman  J.  Gage,  Harlow  N.  Higinbotham,  John  J.  P.  Odell,  Martin 
A.  Ryerson. 

FINANCE  COMMITTEE. — Ferd  W.  Peck,  chairman;  E.  G.  Keith,  Lyman  J. 
Gage,  John  J.  P.  Odell,  H.  N.  Higinbotham. 

GROUNDS  AND  BUILDINGS  COMMITTEE. — Lyman  J.  Gage,  chairman;  E.  F. 
Lawrence,  Charles  H.  Schwab,  H.  B.  Stone,  R.  C.  Clowry,  W.  P.  Ketcham, 
G.  W.  Saul. 

LEGISLATIVE  COMMITTEE. — Edwin  Walker,  chairman;  Fred  S.  Winston, 
Egbert  Jamieson,  Andrew  McNally,  Ferd  W.  Peck. 

AGRICULTURE  COMMITTEE. — W.  D.  Kerfoot,  chairman;  E.  F.  Lawrence, 
Theis  J.  Letens,  Geo.  Schneider,  I.  N.  Camp. 

MINES,  MINING,  FORESTRY  AND  FISH  COMMITTEE. — Charles  H.  Schwab, 
chairman;  Wm.  J.  Chalmers,  John  C.  Welling,  Robert  Nelson,  Bernard  E. 
Sunny. 

PRESS  AND  PRINTING  COMMITTEE. — Alexander  H.  Revell,  chairman; 
Milton  W.  Kirk,  Edward  B.  Butler,  Paul  O.  Stensland,  George  Schneider. 

TRANSPORTATION  COMMITTEE. — George  B.  Harris,  Edward  P.  Ripley, 
George  W.  Saul,  John  C.  Welling,  C.  H.  Chappell. 

FINE  ART  COMMITTEE. — Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Chairman;  James  W. 
Ellsworth,  Potter  Palmer,  Charles  T.  Yerkes,  Martin  A.  Ryerson. 

LIBERAL  ARTS  COMMITTEE. — Robert  A.  Waller,  Chairman;  Isaac  N. 
Camp,  Alexander  H.  Revell,  Egbert  Jamieson,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson. 

ELECTRICITY,  ELECTRICAL  AND  PNEUMATIC  APPLIANCES  COMMITTEE. — 
Robert  C.  Clowry,  Chairman;  Bernard  E.  Sunny,  Charles  H.  Wacker,  Robert 
Nelson,  C.  K.  G.  Billings. 

MANUFACTURES  AND  MACHINERY  COMMITTEE. — John  J.  P.  Odell,  Chair- 
man; Andrew  McNally,  Adolph  Nathan,  Elbridge  G.  Keith,  A.  M.  Roths- 
child. 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  589 

WAYS  AND  MEANS  COMMITTEE.— Harlow  N.  Higinbotham,  Chairman; 
Lyman  J.  Gage,  Edward  F.  Lawrence,  Adolph  Nathan,  Charles  H.  Wacker, 
Win.  J.  Chalmers,  Robert  A.  Waller,  Franklin  H.  Head.  Edward  B.  Butler, 
Wm.  D.  Kerfoot,  George  Schneider,  Edward  P.  Ripley,  Milton  W.  Kirk. 

FOREIGN  EXHIBITS  COMMITTEE. — Martin  A.  Ryerson,  Chairman;  James 
W.  Ellsworth,  Harlow  N.  Higinbotham,  T.  J.  Lefens,  Franklin  H.  Head. 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON  CEREMONIES  — Edward  F.  Lawrence,  Chairman; 
James  W.  Ellsworth,  Charles  T.  Yerkes,  Ferd.  W  Peck,  Charles  H.  Schwab, 
Charles  H.  Wacker,  William  D.  Kerfoot,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson. 

DIRECTORS. — William  T.  Baker,  C.  K.  G.  Billings,  Thomas  B.  Bryan, 
Edward  B.  Butler,  Isaac  N.  Camp,  William  J.  Chalmers,  Robert  C.  Clowry, 
George  R.  Davis,  James  W.  Ellsworth,  Lyman  J.  Gage,  George  B.  Harris, 
Franklin  H.  Head,  H.  N.  Higinbotham,  Charles  L..  Hutchinson,  Egbert 
Jamieson,  Elbridge  G.  Keith,  William  D.  Kerfoot,  William  P.  Ketcham, 
Milton  W.  Kirk,  G.  H.  Chappell,  Edward  F.  Lawrence,  Thies  J.  Lefens, 
Andrew  McNally,  Adolph  Nathan,  Robert  Nelson,  John  J.  P.  Odell,  Potter 
Palmer,  Ferd  W.  Peck,  Alexander  H.  Revell,  Edward  P.  Ripley,  A.  M. 
Rothschild,  Martin  A.  Ryerson,  George  W.  Saul,  George  Schneider,  Charles 
H.  Schwab,  Paul  O.  Stensland,  Henry  B.  Stone,  Bernard  E.  Sunny,  Charles 
H.  Wacker,  Edwin  Walker,  Robert  A.  Waller,  Hempstead  Washburne,  John 
C.  Welling,  Frederick  S.  Winston.  Charles  T.  Yerkes. 

Executive  Department. — Headquarters  Rand  &  McNally  building.  George 
R.  Davis,  director  -general.  Office,  No.  404. 

DEPARTMENT  A. — Agriculture,  food  and  food  products,  farming 
machinery  and  appliances,  W.  I.  Buchanan,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  B. — Horticulture,  J.  M.  Samuels,  chief;  horticultural 
division,  John  Thorp,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  C.— Live  Stock,  domestic  and  wild  animals,  E.  W.  Cot- 
terell,  chief.  <• 

DEPARTMENT  D. — Fish,  fisheries,  fish  products  and  apparatus  for  fishing 
J.  W.  Collins,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  E. — Mines,  mining  and  metallurgy,  Frederick  J.  V.  Skiff, 
chief. 

DEPARTMENT  F. — Machinery,  L.  W.  Robinson,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  G. — Transportation  exhibits,  railways,  vessels  and  vehicles, 
Willard  A.  Smith,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  H. — Manufactures,  J.  M.  Allison,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  J. — Electricity  and  electrical  appliances,  J.  P.  Barrett, 
chief. 

DEPARTMENT  K. — Fine  arts,  pictorial,  plastic  and  decorative,  Halsey  C. 
Ives,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  L. — Liberal  arts,  education,  engineering,  public  works, 
architecture,  music  and  the  drama,  S.  H.  Peabody,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  M. — Ethnology,  archaeology,  progress  of  labor  and  inven- 
tion, isolated  and  collective  exhibits,  F.  W.  Putman,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  N. — Forestry  and  forest  products,  Thomas  B.  Keogh, 
acting  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  O. — Publicity  and  promotion,  Moses  P.  Handy,  chief. 

DEPARTMENT  P. — Foreign  affairs,  Walker  Fearn,  chief;  secretary  of 
installation,  Joseph  Hirst. 

BUREAU  OF  CONSTRUCTION".— D.  H.  Burnham,  chief;  A.  Gotlieb,  chief 
engineer;  F.  L.  Olmsted  &  Co.,  landscape  architects.  Offices;  No.  1143 
Rookery  building. 


640  6tnbE  to 

BOARD  OF  ARCHITECTS. — By  recommendation  of  the  committee  on 
grounds  and  buildings,  approved  by  t'he  Board  of  Directors  at  its  meeting  of 
January  9,  1891,  the  following  architects  were  constituted  a  board  to  decide, 
in  conference  with  the  chief  of  construction,  upon  the  preliminary  problems 
in  anangement  and  grouping  of  buildings  and  their  architecture,  submitted 
to  them:  Robert  M.  Hunt  of  New  York,  W.  L.  Jenny  of  Chicago,  McKirn, 
Mead  &  White  of  New  York,  Adler  &  Sullivan  of  Chicago,  George  B.  Post 
of  New  York,  Henry  Ives  Cobb  of  Chicago,  Peabody  &  Stearns  of  Boston,  S. 
S.  Beman  of  Chicago,  and  Van  Brunt  &  Howe  of  Kansas  City. 

The  general  arrangement  and  harmony  of  the  buildings  which  promise  to 
be  among  the  most  attractive  features  of  the  Exposition  were  decided  upon 
by  the  chief  and  staff  and  the  board,  and  the  designs  of  the  proposed  build- 
ings of  the  Exposition  were  allotted  among  the  architects  by  the  chief  of  con- 
struction as  follows:  Robert  M.  Hunt,  Administration  building;  W.  L.  B. 
Jenny,  Horticulture  building ;  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  Agricultural  building; 
Adler  &  Sullivan,  Transportation  building;  George  B.  Post,  Manufactures 
building;  Henry  Ives  Cobb,  Fisheries  building;  Burling  &  Whitehouse, 
Casino  and  Entrances;  Peabody  &  Stearns,  Machinery  building;  S.  S.  Beman, 
Mines  and  Mining  building;  Van  Brunt  &  Howe,  Electricity  building. 

Medical  Bureau. — The  Medical  Bureau  of  the  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition is  constituted  as  follows:  John  E.  Owens,  M.  D.,  medical  director;  W. 
H.  Allport,  M.  D.,  assistant  surgeon;  Morton  R.  Yeager,  M.  D.,  assistant 
surgeon. 

BOARD  OP  CONTROL  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  GOVERN 
MENT  EXHIBIT. — Hon.  Edwin  Willils,  chairman;  Sevellon  A.  Brown,  chief 
clerk  of  the  department  of  State,  to  represent  that  department;  Allured  B. 
Nettleton,  assistant  secretary  of  the  treasury,  to  represent  the  tieasury 
department;  Major  Clifton  Comly,  U.  S.  A.,  to  represent  the  war  department. 
Captain  R.  W.  Meade,  U.  S.  N.,  to  represent  the  navy  department;  A.  D. 
Hazen,  third  assistant  postmaster  general,  to  represent  the  post  office  depart- 
ment; Horace  A.  Taylor,  commissioner  of  railroads,  to  represent  the  depart- 
ment of  the  interior;  Elijah  C.  Foster,  general  agent  of  the  department  of 
justice,  to  represent  that  department;  Edwin  Willits,  assistant  secretary  of 
agriculture,  to  represent  the  department  of  agriculture;  Dr.  G.  Brown  Goode, 
assistant  secretary  Smithsonian  Institution,  to  represent  that  institution  and 
the  national  museum;  J.  W.  Collins,  assistant-in-charge  division  of  fisheries, 
to  represent  the  United  States  fish  commission. 

[See  Flinn's  Hand-Boole  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.  ] 

Board  of  Lady  Managers. — Headquarters,  Rand-McNally  building, 
Adams  St.,  near  La  Salle.  President,  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  of  Chicago;  first 
vice-president,  Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann,  of  New  York;  second  vice-president, 
Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  of  Maine;  third  vice-president,  Mrs.  Charles  Price, 
of  North  Carolina;  fourth  vice-president,  Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  of  Louisi- 
ana; fifth  vice-president,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins,  of  the  District  of  Columbia; 
sixth  vice-president,  Mrs.  Susan  R.  Ashley,  of  Colorado;  seventh  vice-presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Flora  Beall  Ginty,  of  Wisconsin;  eight  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Margaret  Blaine  Salisbury,  of  Utah;  vice-president-at-large,  Mrs.  Russell  B. 
Harrison,  of  Montana;  vice-chairman  executive  committee,  Mrs.  Virginia  C. 
Meredith,  of  Indiana;  secretary,  Mrs.  Susan  G.  Cooke,  of  Tennessee. 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  541 

There  are  eight  lady  managers,  and  eight  alternate  lady  managersappointed 
by  the  commissioners  at  large,  two  ladjr  managers  and  two  alternate  lady 
managers  appointed  by  the  governors  of  each  of  the  States  and  Territories; 
two  lady  managers  and  two  alternate  lady  managers  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  nine  lady 
managers  and  nine  alternate  lady  managers  appointed  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  from  Chicago,  the  names  and  addresses  of  whom  are  as 
follows:  Lady  managers,  Mrs.  Bertha  M.  Honore  Palmer,  Lake  Shore  Drive; 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  River  Forest;  Mrs.  Jennie  Sanford  Lewis,  1450 
Michigan  ave. ;  Mrs.  James  A.  Mulligan,  3000  Prairie  ave. ;  Francis  Dickin- 
son, M.  D.,  70  State  St.;  Mrs.  M.  R.  M.  Wallace,  3817  Michigan  ave.;  Mrs. 
Myra  Bradwell,  1428  Michigan  ave.;  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr.,  24  Grove- 
land  Park;  Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse,  145  Ashland  boul.  Lady  alternates:  Miss 
Sara  T.  Hallowell,  Palmer  House. ;  Mrs.  George  L.  Dunlap,  328  Dearborn 
ave.;  Mrs.  L.  Brace  Shattuck,  5300  Woodlawn  ave.;  Mrs.  Annie  C.  Meyers, 
556  Monroe  st. ;  Martha  H.  Ten  Eyck,  5704  Madison  ave.;  Mrs.  Margaret  Isa- 
belle  Sandes,  Ravenswood,  111.;  Mrs.  Leander  Stone,  3352  Indiana  ave.;  Mrs. 
Gen.  A.  L.  Chetlain,  543  N.  State  St.;  Frances  E.  Willard,  Evanston,  111. 

[See  Flinrts  Hand- Book  of  the  World' 's  Columbian  Exposition,  Jor  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.] 

WORLD'S  CONGRESS  AUXILIARY. 

The  World's  Congress  Auxiliary  is  an  authorized  adjunct  of  the  World's 
Fair,  and  aims  to  supplement  the  exposition  which  that  will  make  of  the 
material  progress  of  the  world  by  a  portrayal  of  the  "  wonderful  achieve- 
ments of  the  new  age  in  science,  literature,  education,  goveinment,  jurispru- 
dence, morals,  charily,  religion  and  other  departments  of  human  activity,  as 
the  most  effective  means  of  increasing  the  fraternity,  progress,  prosperity  and 
peace  of  mankind."  Virtually  it  will  be  a  series  of  congresses  at  which 
the  greatest  thinkers  of  the  world  will  discuss  questions  of  universal  im- 
portance. 

The  officers  are:  President,  Charles  C.  Bonney;  vice-president,  Thomas 
B.  Bryan;  treasurer,  Lyman  J.  Gage;  secretary,  Benjamin  Butterworth. 
Headquarters,  Rand-McNally  building,  Adams  st.,  near  LaSalle. 

Division  of  Work.— The  work  of  the  World's  Congresses  divided  as  follows : 

1.  General  Departments. 

2.  Divisions  of  such  Departments. 

3.  Chapters  of  such  Divisions. 

4.  Sections  of  such  Chapters. 

I.— DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE. --Benjamin  Butterworth, general  chair- 
man. General  Divisons:  1.  General  Farm  Culture. — Mr.  Samuel  Allerton, 
chairman.  2.  Cereal  Industry. — Chairman  not  yet  announced.  3.  Animal. 
Industry.— Ex-Gov.  W.  D.  Hoard,  chairman.  4.  Horticulture. —Mr.  J.  C. 
Vaughn,  chairman.  5.  Agricultural  Organizations. — Mr.  Milton  George, 
chairman.  6.  Agricultural  Education  and  Experiment. — Prof.  Geo.  E. 
Morrow,  chairman.  7.  Governmental  Departments  of  Agriculture. — Chair- 
man not  yet  announced. 


542  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

II. — DEPARTMENT  OP  ART. — Mr.  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  general  chair- 
man. General  Divisions:  1,  Architecture. — Mr.  Daniel  H.  Burnham,  chair- 
man. 2.  Painting. — Mr.  O.  D.  Grover,  chairman.  3.  Sculpture. — Mr. 
Lorado  Taft,  chairman.  4.  Decorative  Art. — Mr.  L.  J.  Millet,  chairman. 
5.  Photographic  Art.— Hon.  James  B.  Brachv ell,  chairman.  6.  Illustrative 
Art. — Not  yet  organized. 

III. — DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  FINANCE.— Pres.  Lyman  J.  Gage, 
general  chairman  General  Divisions:  1.  Banking  and  Finance.  — Pres. 
Lymau  J.  Gage,  chairman.  2.  Boards  of  Trade. — Pres.  William  T.  Baker, 
chairman.  3.  Stocks  and  Bonds. — Mr.  Charles  Henrotin,  chairman.  4. 
Water  Commerce. — Hon.  John  C.  Dore,  chairman.  5.  Railway  Commerce. 
— Mr.  George  R.  Blanchard,  chairman.  6.  Insurance. — Gen.  Robert  J, 
Smith,  chairman.  The  Division  of  Insurance  is  divided  into  the  following 
Chapters:  1.  Fire  Insurance. —  Gen.  Robert  J.  Smith,  chairman.  2.  Marine 
Insurance. — Capt.  Wiley  M.  Egan,  chairman.  3.  Life  and  Accident  Insur- 
ance, •with  Sections  for  Mutua.  Benefit  Associations  and  Kindred  Organiza- 
tions.— Mr.  John  H.  Nolan,  chairman.  4.  Insurance  Specialties. — Not  jet 
organized. 

IV.  DEPARTMENT  OP  EDUCATION. — Hon.  and  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows, 
general  chairman.     General  divisions:    1.  Higher  education,  including  univer- 
sity extension;  Pres.  William  R.  Harper,  chairman.     2.     Public  insiruction  ; 
Dr.  Samuel  Fallows,  chairman.     3.  Music  in  public  schools;  Dr.  George  F. 
Root,  chairman.     4.  Instruction  of  the  deaf  and  dumb;  Dr.  Philip  G.  Gillett, 
chairman.     5.     Instruction  of    the  blind;    Dr.   Frank  Hall,  chairman.     6. 
Instruction  of  the  feeble-minded;  Dr.  W.  B.  Fish,  chairman.     7.  Manual  and 
art  training  schools;  Dr.  Henry  H.  Belfield,  chairman.     8.     Commercial  and 

.business  colleges,  etc.;  Principal  Henry  B.  Bryant,  chairman.  9.  Kinder- 
garten education  (see  woman's  branch  committees).  10.  Domestic  and  eco- 
nomic education  (see  woman's  branch  committees).  11.  Agricultural  educa- 
tion; Prof.  G.  E.  Morrow,  chairman.  12.  Educational  authors  and  pub- 
lishers; not  yet  appointed.  13.  Youth's  school  delegate  congress;  Sup't  Leslie 
Lewis,  chairman. 

V.  DEPARTMENT  OP  ENGINEERING.    Mr.  E.  L.  Corthell,  general  chair- 
man.    General  divisions:    1.   Civil  engineering.     2.  Mechanical  engineering. 
3.  Mining  engineering.   4.  Metallurgical  engineering.    5.  Electrical  engineer- 
ing.    6.    Military  engineering.     7.    Marine  and  naval  engineering.     NOTE. — 
The  division  committees  of  this  department  have  not  yet  been  appointed.    All 
are  at  present  represented  by  the  general  committee. 

VI.  DEPARTMENT  OP  GOVERNMENT.    (Under  the  general  direction  of  the 
President.)    General  Divisions:    1.     Law  reform,  including  international  law 
and  the  administration  of  justice — Pres.  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  chairman.     2. 
Political  and  economic  reform — Hon.  Thos.  W.  Palmer,  chairman.     3.  City 
government — Hon.  Walter  Q.  Gresham,  chairman.    4.     Executive  adminis- 
tration— Gov.  Joseph  W.  Fifer,  chairman.     5.  Intellectual  property — Hon. 
John  M.  Thacher,  chairman.     6.  Arbitration  and  peace. — Hon.  Thomas  B. 
Bryan,  chairman. 

VII.  DEPARTMENT  OP  LITERATURE — Dr.   William  F.   Poole,   general 
chairman.     General  divisions:     1.    Libraries — Librarian,  F.  H.  Hild,  chair- 
man.    2.  History  and  historical  societies — Dr.  Wm.  F.  Poole,  chairman.    3. 
Philology  and  literary  archaeology — Mr.  Wm.  Morton  Payne,  chairman.     4. 
Authors  and  imaginative  literature — Mr.  Francis  F.  Browne,  chairman. 

VIII.  DEPARTMENT  OP  LABOR. — Mr.  Walter  Thomas  Mills,  M.  A.,  gen- 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  543 

eral  chairman.  General  divisions:  1.  Historic  development  of  labor.  2. 
Labor  organizations.  3.  Conflicts  of  labor  and  capital.  4.  Labor  economics 
and  legislation.  5  Women:  her  industrial  condition  and  economic  depend- 
ence; social  theories  and  experiments;  child  labor,  etc.  6.  Education,  Public 
opinion,  progress. 

IX:  DEPARTMENT  OP  MEDICINE. — (Under  the  general  direction  of  the 
president.)  Geueral  Divisions:  1.  General  medicine  and  surgery,  Dr. 
Nathan  Smith  Davis,  chairman.  2.  Homeopathy,  Dr.  J.  S.  Mitchell,  chair- 
man. 3.  Public  health,  Dr.  John  H.  Rauch,  chairman.  4.  Dentistry,  Dr. 
J.  S.  Marshall,  chairman.  5.  Pharmacy,  Prof.  Oscar  Oldberg,  chairman. 
6.  Medical  jurisprudence,  Dr.  Marshall  D.  Ewell,  chairman. 

X.  DEPARTMENT  OF  MORAL  AND  SOCIAL   REFORM.  — Pres.    John    G. 
Shortall,  general  chairman.      General  divisions:     1.  Philanthropy.     2.  Pre- 
vention.    3    Charity.     4.  Reform. 

XI.  DEPARTMENT  OF   Music.  — Director  Theodore  Thomas,   General 
Chairman.     General  divisions:     1.  Orchestral  art,  Mr.  Theodore  Thomas, 
chairman.     2.  Choral  music  and  training,  Mr.  William  L.  Totnlins,  chairman. 
3.  Songs  of  the  people,  Dr.  George  F.  Root,  chairman.     4. .Organ  and  church 
music,  Mr.  Clarence  Eddy,  chairman.     5.  Musical  art  and  literature,  Mr.  W. 
S.  B.  Mathews.     6.  Musical  criticism  and  history,  Mr.    George  P.  Upton, 
chairman.     7.  Opera  houses  and  music  halls,  Mr.  Ferd.  W.    Peck,  chairman. 

XII.  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  I'UBLIC  PRESS. — Mr.  William  Penn  Nixon, 
general  chairman,     General  divisions:     1.  The  daily  press.     2.  Weeklies  and 
magazines.     3.  The  religious  press,  Dr.  Simeon  Gilbert,  chairman. 

XIII.  DEPARTMENT  OF  RELIGION. — Rev.  Dr.  John  Henry  Barrows,  gen- 
eral chairman.     General  divisions  [denominational]:     1.  Baptist,  Rev.  Dr.  P. 
S.  Hensoii,  chairman.     2.  Catholic,  His  Grace  Archbishop  P.  A.   Feehan, 
chairman.    3.  Congregational,  Rev.  Dr.  F.  A.  Noble,  chairman.     4.  Chris- 
tian, Rev.  John  W.  Allen,  chairman.     5.  Evangelical  Association  of  North 
America,   Bishop  J.  J.  Esher,  chairman.     f>.  Evangelical  Church  of  North 
America,  not  ready  for  announcement.     7.  Friends,  Mr.  J.  W.  Plummer, 
chairman.     8.  Jews,  Rabbi   E.    G.   Hirsch,  chairman.     9.  Lutheran  General 
Council,  Rev.  M.  C-  Rinseen,  chairman.     10.  Lutheran  General  Synod,  Rev. 
L.  M.  Heilman,  chairman.     11.  Lutheran  Synodical  Conference,  Rev.  Louis 
Hoelter,  chairman,     12.  Methodist  Episcopal,  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  S.  M.  Merrill, 
chairman.     13.  New  Jerusalem  (Swedenborgian),  Rev.  L.  P.  Mercer,  chair- 
man.    14.  Presbyterian,    Rev.    Dr.   John   Henry   Barrows,   chairman.      15. 
Protestant  Episcopal,  Rt.  Rev.    Bishop  Wm.  E.   McLaren,  chairman.     16. 
Reformed  Church  of  North  America,  Rev.    A.    Heinemann,  chairman.     17. 
Reformed  Church  of  America  (Dutch),  Rev.  W.   H.    Williamson,  chairman. 
18.  Reformed  Episcopal,  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Charles  E.  Cheney,  chairman.     19. 
Swedish  Evangelical   Mission  Covenant  in   North  America,    Rev.   Andrew 
Hallner.  chairman.     20.  United  Brethren,  BMiop  E.  B.  Kephart,  chairman. 
21.  Unitarian,  Rev.  Jenkins  Lloyd  Jones,  chairman.     22.  Universaliet,  Rev. 
Dr.  A.  J.  Canfield    chairman.     23.  Missions,  Rev.  Walter  Manning  Barrows, 
chairman.      24.  Evangelical   Alliance   and   Kindred    Bodies,   not  ready  for 
announcement. 

XIV.  DEPARTMENT  op  SCIENCE  AND  PHILOSOPHY. — Dr.  R.  N.  Foster, 
general  chairman.     Generiil  divisions:   1.  General  physics — Dr.    Selim    H. 
P(>abody,    chairman  ;    2.  mathematics  and    astronomy — Prof.    George  W. 
Hough,  chairman ;  3.  meteorology,  including  terrestrial  magnetism,   Prof. 
Mark  W.  Harrington,  chairman  ;  4.  geology — Dr.  Josua  Lindahl,  chairman  ; 


544  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

5.  geography — not  yet  appointed  ;  6.  chemistpy — Prof.  John  H.  Long,  chair- 
man ;  7.  electricity — Prof.  Elisha  Gray,  chairman;  8.  botany — Prof.  Edson 
S.  Bastin,  chairman  ;  9.  zoology — Prof.  Stephen  A.  Forbes,  chairman  ;  10. 
microscopy — Regent  Thomas  J.  Burril],  chairman  ;  11.  Anthropology, 
including  ethnology  and  archaeology,  Prof.  F.  W.  Putman,  chairman  ;  12. 
Indian  ethnology — Col.  P.  H.  Davidson,  chairman  ;  13.  African  ethnology — 
Rev.J.  E.  Roy,  chairman;  14.  psychical  science— Col.  John  C.  Bundy,  chair- 
man ;  15.  philosphy — Dr.  R.  N.  Foster,  chairman. 

XV.  DEPARTMENT  OF  TEMPERANCE. — The  Most  Rev.  Archbishop  John 
Ireland,  general  chairman.     General  divisions  :  1.  Woman's  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union.    (See  Woman's  Branch) ;  2.  Catholic  Temperance  Societies  ; 
3.  National  Temperance  Society  and  allied  organizations,  including  the  Sons 
of  Temperance,  the  Good  Templars,  the  Templars  of  Honor  and  Temperance, 
the  Royal  Templars  of  Temperance,  the  Non-Partisan  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  other 
affiliated  bodies  ;  4.  Law  and  Order  Leagues,  and  other  law  enforcing  organi- 
zations. 

XVI.  GENERAL  DEPARTMENT. — (Embracing  congresses  not   otherwise 
assigned.)    Sunday  Rest  Congress.    General  divisions  :  1.  physiological  rela- 
tions of  the  weekly  Rest  Day  ;  2.  economic  and  business  relations  of  the 
weekly  Rest  Day;  3.  governmental  and  political  relations  of  the  weekly  Rest 
Day ;  4.  social  and  moral  relations  of    the  weekly  Rest  Day  ;  5.  religious 
relations  of  the  weekly  Rest  Day.     The  Sunday  Rest  Congress  will  be  held  in 
the  latter  part  of  September,  1893,  at  the  close  of  the  religious  congresses, 
and  will  probably  be  followed  by  the  congresses  of  the  department  of  labor. 
The  observance  of  Sunday  for  religious  reasons  may  be  sepaiately  assigned  to 
the  department  of  religion. 

Other  Congresses  I'roposed. — Among  the  other  congresses  which  have  been 
suggested,  but  for  which  no  definite  arrangements  have  as  yet  been  made,  are 
the  following; 

I.  A  REAL  ESTATE  REFORM  CONGRESS. — To  promote  simplicity,  economy 
and  uniformity  of  conveyances,  devises  and  descents;  and  to  prevent,  or  at 
least  diminish,  the  great  losses  now  suffered  from  mistakes  occasioned  by  the 
complication  and  confusion  of  laws  and  customs  relating  to  this  subject.  The 
frequent  and  extensive  removals  of  persons  from  one  state  or  country  to 
another,  renders  the  reforms  that  might  be  promoted  by  this  Congress,  of 
extraordinary  practical  importance. 

Such  real  estate  reform  congress  may  be  assigned  to  the  department  of 
government,  and  be  held  in  connection  with  the  congress  of  law  reform. 

II.  CONGRESSES  OF  FRATERNAL  ORDERS,   ETC. — Such  as  Freemasons, 
Knights  Templar,  Odd  Fellows,  and  similar  organizations.     It  is  very  prob- 
able that  more  congresses  will  be  proposed  than  can  be  accommodated  dur- 
ing the  exposition  season,   and   applications  for  congresses  for  which  no 
arrangements  have  yet  been  made  should  therefore  be  submitted  without 
unnecessary  delay. 

Advisory  Council  of  theWorld's  Columbian  Commission  on  World's  Con- 
gresses.— Hon.  John  W.  Woodside,  Pennsylvania;  Hon.  Charles  H.  Jones, 
Missouri;  Hon.  Albert  A.  Wilson,  District  of  Columbia;  Hon.  John  Boyd 
Thatcher,  New  York;  Hon.  John  Bennett,  Kentucky;  Hon.  Frederick  G. 
Bromberg,  Alabama;  Hon.  Orson  V.  Tousley,  Minnesota;  Hon.  Bradley  B. 
Smalley,  Vermont. 

Committee  of  the  Directory  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  on  World's 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  545 

Congresses. — Hon.  Franklin  H.  Head,  chairman;  Mr.  Elbridge  G.  Keith,  Mr. 
James  W.  Ellsworth.  Advisory  members  of  this  committee;  Dr.  Henry 
Wade  Rogers,  president  Northwestern  University;  Dr.  William  R.  Harper, 
president  University  of  Chicago. 

The  Woman's  Branch  of  the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary. — Mrs.  Potter 
Palmer,  president;  Mrs.  Charles  Henrotin,  vice-president.  Mixed  commit- 
tees are  not  appointed,  but  committees  of  women  are  appointed  to  take 
action  on  appropriate  subjects.  The  following  are  the  committees  of  the 
Woman's  Branch  of  the  Auxiliary,  with  the  chairmen  as  thus  far  appointed. 
The  woman's  general  committee  on  world's  Congresses,  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  of  art,  Miss  Sarah  H. 
Hallowell,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  education, 
Mrs.  Henry  M.  Wilmarth,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  commit- 
tee on  manual  and  art  education.  Miss  Josephine  C.  Locke,  chairman;  the 
woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  kindergarten  education,  Mrs.  E.  W. 
Blatchford,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  domestic 
and  economic  education;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  higher 
education,  Mrs.  Harriet  C.  Brainard,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  con- 
gress committee  on  government  acd  law  reform,  Mis.  Myra  Bradwell,  chair- 
man; the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  literature,  Mrs.  Charles 
Henrotin,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  labor,  Mrs. 
J.  D.  Harvey,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  general 
medicine  and  surgery,  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson,  chairman;  the  woman's 
world's  congress  committee  on  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  Dr.  Julia 
Holmes  Smith,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  public 
health,  Dr.  Sarah  H.  Brayton,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  com- 
mittee on  dentistry,  Dr.  H.  E.  Lawrence,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's 
congress  committee  on  pharmacy,  Dr.  Ida  H.  Roby,  chairman;  the  woman's 
world's  congress  committee  on  medical  jurisprudence,  Dr.  HarrietC.B.  Alex- 
ander, chairman ;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  trained  nurses — 
not  ready  for  announcement;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on 
moral  and  social  reform,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Flower,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's 
congress  committee  on  music,  Mrs.  George  B.  Carpenter,  chairman;  the 
woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  the  daily  press,  Miss  Mary  H.  Krout, 
chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  weeklies  and  maga- 
zines, Miss  Mary  Allen  West,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  com- 
mittee on  religion,  Rev.  Augusta  J.  Cbapin,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  * 
congress  committee  on  science  and  philosophy,  Mrs.  Caroline  K.  Sherman, 
chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  Indian  ethnology, 
Miss  Emma  C.  Sickels,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee 
on  temperance,  Miss  Francis  E.  Willard,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's 
congress  committee  on  municipal  order,  Mrs.  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  chairman; 
the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  household  economics,  Mrs.  John 
Wilkinson,  chairman;  the  woman's  world's  congress  committee  on  reception, 
Mrs.  George  L.  Dunlap,  chairman. 

[See  Flinn's  Hand- Boole  of  the  World1  s  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.'] 


546 


GUIDE     TO    CHICAGO. 


GENERAL  REVIEW. 

In  the  spring  of  1892  the  outlook  for  the  opening  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances  could  not  very  well  be 
brighter.  Such  progress  had  been  made  in  the  construction  of  the  great  build- 
ings, in  the  laying  out  of  the  grounds  and  in  the  general  advancement  of  the 
preparatory  work,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  as  to  the  success  of  this  the  greatest  enter- 
prize  of  modern  times.  The  Exposition  is  under  the  auspices  of  the  United 
States  government.  Its  participants  include  not  only  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment and  the  forty-four  States  and  five  Territories  of  Ihe  American  Union, 
but  also  nearly  every  foreign  government.  Its  international  character  was 
fully  assured. 

Foreign  Participation. — The  foreign  nations  and  colonies  which  thus  far 
have  determined  to  participate  in  the  Exposition,  and  the  amounts  of  their 
appropriations,  made  or  officially  proposed,  as  far  as  information  concerning 
them  has  been  received  at  headquarters,  are  the  following: 


Argentine  Republic 

$100,000 
.  149,  iOO 

India  

Dutch  Guiana  , 

10,000 
5,000 
3l',0  U 

25,COO 
125/00 
12,000 

25,OCO 

20000 

Dutch  West  Indies... 
Nicaragua  
Orange  Free  State  .  .  . 
Paraguay  

Belgium    

Malta           

Bolivia  

100,000 
.  600,000 

Mashonaland  

Brazil  

New  South  Wales.  . 
New  Zealand  

China  

.  100,000 

Persia  

Chile  

Queensland  
South  Australia  .  .  . 
Tasmania  
Trinidad  

'.  .    15,000 

Peru  

Columbia  

.  10  ',000 

Russia  

Costa  Rica  
Denmark  

100,OOC 

Sal  vador  

San  Domingo  

Danish  West  Indies. 
Ecuador  

125,000 
400,000 

214.300 
125,000 
6,000 

25,000 
7,50> 
25,000 
40.00C 

Victoria            

Siam 

West  Australia  .... 

Spain  

Egypt  (informal)  .  .  . 
France    

Guatemala  

..  120,000 

Cuba  

Hawaii    

Transvaal. 

Algeria  
Germany 

Havti  

Turkey    ....          ... 

Honduras 

.  .    20,000 

Great  Britain    

Italy  (informal)  .  . 

Venezuela 

Barbadoes  
British  Columbia... 
British  Guiana 
British  Honduras... 
Cape  Colony  

Erythria  
Japan  

'.'.  630,76E 

Total    $4 

,004.565 

j. 

Korea  
Madagascar  

Thirty-nine  nations. 
Twenty-four  colonie 

Mexico    .... 

750.00r 

Cevlon... 

Netherlands  (informal) 

Bolivia  appropriated  $10,000  for  preliminary  expenses,  and  authorized  its 
president  to  draw  on  the  regular  diplomatic  appropriation  for  any  further  sum 
needed,  the  whole  amount  estimated  to  be  necessary  being  $100,000.  Of  Ecua- 
dor's $125,000,  the  city  of  Guayaquil  furnishes  $25,000.  Paraguay  has  author- 
ized its  president  to  spend  whatever  sum  may  be  necessary  to  have  the  coun- 
try creditably  represented.  It  is  reported  that  $25,000  of  expenditure  is  con- 
templated. Mexico  has  voted  $50,000  for  preliminary  expenses.  No  doubt 
is  felt  that  the  balance  of  the  750,000  proposed  will  be  forthcoming.  It  is 
assured  that  quite  a  number  of  the  appropriations  named  above  will  be 
increased. 

From  information  received  at  Exposition  headquarters,  it  can  be  said  to 
be  next  to  certain  that  soon  there  will  be  added  to  the  above  list  Norway  and 
Sweden,  Hungary,  Switzerland,  Canada,  and  several  others.  At  a  low  esti- 
mate the  total  of  the  appropriations  of  foreign  nations  will  reach  $5,000,000. 
Nearly  all  of  the  participating  nations  will  erect  buildings  in  the  Exposition 


WOKLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION".  547 

grounds.  Building  sites  have  already  been  selected  for  Great  Britain,  Ger- 
many, Japan,  Turkey,  Mexico,  Peru,  Brazil,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  Costa 
Rica,  Guatemala  and  Chile.  The  buildings  of  foreign  nations  will  present 
most  varied  contrasts  in  respect  to  size,  architecture  and  adornment. 

[See  Flinn's  Hand-Boole  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above,  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.  ] 

Government  Aid  and  Recognition. — The  United  States  Government  has  ap- 
propriated thus  far  $1,500,000,  of  which  $400,000  was  set  apart  for  its  build- 
ing, and  $250,000,  approximately,  has  been  drawn  for  the  cost  of  tive  sessions  of 
the  National  Commission,  two  sessions  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the 
salaries  of  the  officers  and  employes  of  these  two  bodies,  and  the  expenses  of 
three  special  agents  of  the  Treasury  Department  who  were  sentfb  Europe  to 
explain  to  foreign  commissions  and  governments  the  regulations  of  the  Depart- 
ment governing  the  importation  of  exhibits.  A  considerable  portion  of  the 
remainder  has  been  spent  in  preparation  of  the  government  exhibit  by  the 
board  having  the  matter  in  charge.  The  congress  now  in  session  is  expected 
to  appropriate  a  sum  sufficient  for  the  future  expenses  of  the  National  Com- 
mission and  Lady  Managers,  and  the  continued  preparation  of  the  govern- 
ment exhibit,  and  also  about  $700,000  for  the  Exposition  awards  and  the  pay- 
ment of  the  awarding  juries,  as  obligated  by  the  act  of  congress  creating  the 
National  Commission.  The  government,  as  elsewhere  stated,  may  be  asked, 
also,  to  appropriate  something  for  a  District  of  Columbia  exhibit,  and 
$5,000,000  in  general  aid  of  the  Exposition. 

State  and  Territorial  Aid  and  Recognition — Twenty-six  States  and  two 
Territories,  thus  far,  have  made  appropriations  for  their  representation  at  the 
Exposition,  as  follows: 


Arizona 8  30,000 

California  300,'00 

Colorado    100,COO 

Delaware 10,000 

Idaho  20,000 

Illinois  800,000 

Indiana 75,000 

Iowa 50,000 

Maine 40,000 

Massachusetts  ...  .•  75,000 

Michigan 100,000 

Minnesota 50,000 

Missouri     150,000 

Montana  50,COO 

Nebraska...               50,000 


New  Hampshire $  2i,000 

New  Jersey ^0,000 

New  Mexico 25,000 

North  Carolina 25,000 

North  Dakota 25,000 

Ohio 100,000 

Pennsylvania 300,000 

Rhode  Island 25,000 

Vermont 15,OTO 

Washington 100,000 

West  Virginia 40,000 

Wisconsin      65,000 

Wyoming 30,000 

Total $2,695,000 


In  several  of  these  States  the  appropriations  made  are  only  preliminary, 
and  will  be  largely  increased.  In  Iowa,  for  example,  the  executive  committee 
of  the  State  commission  has  prepared  estimates  aggregating  $339,000,  and  will 
ask  the  Legislature  to  appropriate  accordingly.  Colorado,  Main,  Massa- 
chusetts, Minnesota,  New  Jersey  and  West  Virginia  promise  increased  appro- 
priations. In  Colorado  an  additional  $50,000,  approximately,  has  been  voted 
by  the  counties,  and  in  Indiana  about  $10,000  has  been  raised  by  school  pupils 
and  teachers.  In  California,  too,  some  of  the  counties  are  supplementing  the 
State  appropriation. 

Nine  States  which,  owing  to  constitutional  restriction,  or  other  pro- 
hibitive reason,  made  no  World's  Fair  appropriation,  have  held  State  conven- 
tions and  formed  organizations  of  the  stock-subscription  sort  tor  raising  the 


548 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


amounts  deemed  necessary  for  creditable  representation, 
the  sums  they  are  thus  raising,  are: 

Alabama $  50,000 

Arkansas 100,100 

Florida  100,000 

Geoi-gia 100,  00 

Kansas    100,000 

Total 


These  States,  and 


Oregon $100,000 

South  Dakota 80,000 

Tennessee .  100,000 

Texas 300,000 


$1,030,000 

The  legislatures  of  several  States  which  have  made  no  provision  for  repre- 
sentation are  now  in  session,  or  soon  will  be.  In  Maryland  a  bill  for  $100,000 
is  pending.  In  New  York  a  bill  for  $250,000  has  been  introduced,  and  a 
second  bill  for  $500,000  is  advocated  by  several  influential  organizations, 
which  believe  that  sum  necessary  for  creditable  representation.  Nearly  all  of 
the  States  and  Territories  are  sure  to  get  into  line  this  winter,  for  popular 
sentiment  Union g  their  people  demands  it.  It  is  reported  that  the  government 
will  be  asked  to  appropriate  $50,000  for  the  representation  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  perhaps  something  for  an  Alaska  exhibit.  The  aggregate 
expenditure  by  the  States  and  Territories  is  expected  to  reach  $5,000,000. 

EXPOSITION  BUILDINGS. — The  size  and  cost  of  the  great  Exposition  build- 
ings are  indicated  in  the  following  table: 


Buildings. 

Dimensions 
in  Feet. 

Area  in 
Acres. 

Cost. 

Manufactures  and  Liberal  Arts    

787x1687 

30  5 

$1  500  000 

Administration  

262  x  262 

]  g 

436  000 

Mines  

350  x  700 

5  6 

265  010 

Electricity             

345  x  690 

5  5 

401  000 

Transportation  

256  x  960 

•5  6  / 

Annex  

425  x  900 

88  \ 

37i\000 

Women's.       

199  x  388 

1  8 

138  000 

Art  Galleries  

320  x  500 

87  I 

"    Annexes  (2)  

120  x200 

111 

670,000 

Fisheries    

165  x  365 

1  4  1 

"       Annexes  (2)  

135  diam'r 

8j 

224,(00 

Horticulture  

250  x998 

5  7 

"          Greenhouses  (8)  

24  xlCO 

5 

300,000 

Machinery  

492  x846 

961 

25,000 

"         Annex  

490  x  550 

6  2  j 

1,2CO,COO 

"         Power  House  ,  

100  x461 

"          Pumping  Works  

77  x  84 

!•'! 

"        Machine  Shop  

.    146  x250 

1 

Agriculture  .... 

500  x800 

921 

Annex  

300  x  550 

3  8  S 

618,000 

"         Assembly  Hall,  etc  

125  x  450 

1.3 

Forestry  

208  x528 

Z  5 

100,000 

Saw  Mill    

125  x300 

9 

100,000 

Dairy  

100  x200 

5 

35,000 

Livestock  (3)  

65  x200 

.9) 

30,000 

Pavilion  

280  x440 

2.8V 

"          Sheds...  

40.    j 

Casino  

120  X250 

.71 

Music  Hall  

120  x250 

•  1\ 

*210,000 

U.  S.  Government  

345  x415 

153.8 
3  8 

$7,04l,tOO 
400,(iOO 

"     Imitation  Battleship  

69.2o  x  348 

.3 

100,000 

Illinois  State  

160  x  450 

1.7  I 

"       Wings  (2)  

.3) 

250,000 

'- 

159.4 

$7,791,000 

*  Including  connecting  peristyle. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

A.  H.  ANDREWS1  &  CO.,  215  WABASH  AVE. 

[See  "  Guide."] 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  549 

The  last  three  are  being  erected,  the  first  two  by  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, and  the  third  by  the  State  of  Illinois.  The  visitor,  however,  will  nat- 
urally class  them  among  the  great  Exposition  structures. 

The  Exposition  buildings,  not  including  those  of  the  Government  and 
Illinois,  have  also  a  total  gallery  area  of  45.9  acres,  thus  making  their  total 
floor  space  199.7  acres.  The  Fine  Arts  building  has  7.885  lineal  feet,  or 
145,852  square  feet,  of  wall  space. 

All  of  the  annexes  will  be  scarely  less  imposing  and  architecturally  beau- 
tiful than  the  main  buildings  themselves.  The  live  stock  shtds,  which  will 
cover  an  immense  area  as  indicated,  are  to  be  constructed  as  inexpensively  as 
possible  without  marring  the  general  architectural  effect.  The  power-houses, 
pumping  works,  etc.,  are  to  be  exhibits  in  themselves,  and  so  constiucled  as 
to  be  readily  inspected  by  visitors.  There  will  be  several  Exposition  build- 
ings in  addition  to  those  named,  but  data  concerning  them  are  not  fully 
determined.  Among  them  will  be  a  Press  building,  in  which  every  possible 
convenience  and  accommodation  for  the  press  representatives  of  the  world 
will  be  provided;  and  a  reproduction  of  the  Spanish  convent,  La  Rabida,  in 
which  a  wonderfully  complete  collection  of  Columbus  relics  and  allied  exhi- 
bits will  be  gathered.  The  total  cost  of  the  Exposition  structures  alone  is 
estimated  at  $8,000,000. 

Information  concerning  the  State  buildings  is  yet  quite  incomplete,  as  but 
few  of  the  plans  have  been  approved.  It  is  expected  that  nearly  all  will 
erect  buildings  as  State  headquarters  and  receptacles  for  collective  exhibits 
illustrating  their  resources.  Thus  far,  data  tor  the  buildings  of  twenty-two 
States,  as  projected,  have  been  received  at  headquarters.  These  structures, 
for  the  most  part,  will  be  two  stories  in  height;  will  average  about  50  by  75 
feet  in  dimensions,  and  will  cost  all  the  way  from  $10,000  to  $100,000  each. 

[See  Flinn's  Hand-Boole  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  alone,  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.  ] 

Expenditures  in  Buildings,  etc. — The  amount  ($8,000,000)  which  the 
Exposition  Company  expects  to  expend  upon  buildings  represents  less  than 
one-half  of  its  total  estimated  expenditure  for  the  great  enterprise.  Follow- 
ing are  estimates  of  various  other  expenses  prepared  by  the  grounds  and 
buildings  committee. 


Grading,  filling-,  etc $  450,400 

.  Landscape  gardening 323,490 

Viaducts  and  bridges 125,000 

Piers 70,000 

Waterway  improvements 225,0<0 

Railways 500,000 

Steam  plant 800,000 

Electricity 1,500,000 

Statuary  on  buildings 100,000 


Vases,  lamps  and  posts $    50,000 

Seating 8, 000 

Water  supply,  sewerage,  etc 600,000 

Improvement  of  lake  front 200,000 

World's  Congress  Auxiliary  300,000 

Construction  department  expen- 
ses, fuel,  etc  520,000 

Organization  and  administration  3,308,563 
Operating  expenses  during  Expo- 
sition   1,550,000 


$10,530,453 

Add  to  this  amount  estimated  to  be  necessary  for  buildings  ($8,000,000; 
and  the  grand  total  sum  to  be  expended  by  the  Exposition  Companp  stands  at 
$18,530,453.  This  does  not  include,  of  course,  the  expenditure  by  the  United 
States  Government,  the  States  of  the  Union,  or  foreign  countries.  Of  this 
$18,530.453,  about  $17,000,000  must  be  paid  out  before  the  gates  of  the  Expo- 
sition are  thrown  open  to  the  public,  on  May  1, 1893.  The  total  amount  which 
the  Exposition  Company  has  paid  out  up  to  date,  for  all  purposes,  is  $2,779,- 


550  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

707.  Owing  to  the  present  enormous  demands  of  construction,  the  expenditure 
is  now  running  at  nearly  $1,000,000  a  month. 

Financial  Resources. — In  view  of  the  showing  given  above,  a  statement 
of  the  Exposition's  resources  will  be  found  interesting  in  this  connection. 

RESOURCES. 

Stock  subscriptions $  5,721,230 

City  of  Chicago  bonds 5,OCO,iOO 

Prospective  gare  receipts 10,100,000 

Concessions  and  privileges l,6lO,  0-J 

Salvage 1,500,000 

Interest  on  deposits  33,452 

Total $23,754,682 

To  the  resources  will  be.  added  future  interest  on  bank  deposits  and 
future  subscriptions  to  stock.  New  subscriptions  are  coming  in  daily,  and 
the  amount  which  will  thus  be  realized  is  certain  to  be  large,  though  how 
much  it  will  be  can  no  w  only  be  surmised.  An  increase  of  $200,000  from  these 
sources  is  a  safe  estimate.  On  the  other  hand,  some  deduction  must  be  made 
for  delinquency  in  the  payment  of  subscriptions  to  stock.  Thus  far,  60  per 
cent,  of  the  subscribed  amounts  has  been  called  for,  and  $3,433,800,  or  more 
than  60  p^r  cenl.,  has  been  actually  paid  in,  quite  a  number  of  subscribers 
having  voluntarily  paid  up  in  full  without  waiting  for  the  successive  calls. 
The  subscribers  number  about  30,000.  Among  subscribers,  there  have  been 
nearly  5uO  deaths,  and  this,  together  with  impoverishment,  etc.,  has  caused 
thus  far  a  delinquency  in  collections  of  between  7  and  8  per  cent,  of  the 
amount  due.  This  is  less  than  was  anticipated.  Making  a  very  liberal 
allowance  for  delinquencies,  the  net  resources,  as  estimated,  stand,  in  round 
numbers,  at  $23,350,000,  or  about  $4,825,000  in  excess  of  the  tot^l  estimated 
necessary  expenditure. 

But  of  the  resources  the  gate  receipts,  concessions  and  privileges,  and 
salvage,  representing  a  total  of  $13,000,000,  are  not  only  estimates,  but  are 
necessarily  prospeciive.  They  can  not  be  realized  even  in  part  until  the  Expo- 
sition opens  and  is  in  progress.  The  salvage  from  the  disposal  of  the  buildings 
can  not,  of  course,  be  realized  until  after  the  Pair  closes.  It  follows  that  the 
resources  available  previous  to  the  opening  of  the  Exposition,  by  which  time, 
as  explained  above,  $17,000,000,  approximately,  must  be  expended,  are  cut 
down  to  about  $10,750,000.  It  will  be  seen  that  about  $6,250,000  must  be  pro- 
vided for  in  some  manner.  Accordingly  the  United  States  Government  may  be 
asked  to  aid  the  Exposition  by  taking  a  financial  interest  in  it  to  the  extent  of 
$5,000,000.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  National  Commission,  representing  the 
Government,  in  adopting  the  classification  of  exhibits,  made  the  scope  of  the 
Exposition  so  extensive  that,  as  the  Exposition  Directory  has  found,  it  could 
not  possibly  be  creditably  fulfilled  within  the  expenditure  of  the  $1,000,000 
which  was  at  first  deemed  sufficient — and  which  Chicago  has  provided, 
according  to  promise— it  is  believed  that  Congres  will  consider  it  incumbent 
upon  the  Government,  both  in  point  of  actual  obligation  and  that  the  national 
honor  may  be  maintained  before  the  world,  to  provide  the  means  for  meeting 
the  excess  of  expenditure  which  the  action  of  its  representative  rendered 
necessary.  With  such  assistance,  to  the  extent  of  $5,000,000,  the  Exposi- 
tion Company  believes  it  will  be  able  to  meet  all  demands. 

[See  Flinn's  Ilaml-Eook  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.] 


WORLDS   COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION.  551 

Progress  of  Construction. — In  April,  1892,  the  buildings  of  the  Exposition 
had  been  so  far  advanced  as  to  f  ul  y  justify  the  prediction  that  they  would 
all  be  in  readiness  for  the  inauguration  ceremonies  in  October.The  amount  of 
work  accomplished  was  simply  marvelous.  The  actual  erection  of  the  Expo- 
sition buildings  began  in  June,  1891.  At  this  writing  some  of  them  are 
practically  completed,  while  four  thousand  workmen  are  engaged  in  the  com- 
pletion of  the  remainder.  The  scene  at  the  Exposition  grounds  is  one  that 
will  am  ize  the  visitor.  Never  before  on  this  continent  has  such  a  sight  been 
witnessed.  The  visitor  may  reach  the  exterior  of  the  Exposition  grounds  by 
taking  a  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  car  to  57th  street  (fare  5  cents)  or  a 
park  phreton  at  the  entrance  to  Drexcl  Boulevard  (fare  35  cents).  He  will  be 
carried  by  the  northern  end  of  the  Exposition  grounds,  and  from  points  on 
Midway  Plaisance  and  Jackson  Park  may  obtain  views  of  the  great  build- 
ings. At  Jackson  Park  he  may  take  a  trip  on  the  "Moveable  sidewalk,"  which 
is  elevated  about  twenty  feet  above  the  park  (fare  10  cents),  from  which  he 
will  obtain  a  belter  view.  Guides  will  point  out  the  different  buildings,  and 
give  other  information  of  interest  to  the  stranger.  Following  may  be  said  to 
be  the  condition  of  the  work  upon  the  various  buildings  as  this  volume  goes 
to  press: 

WOMAN'S  BUILDING.  —This  is  practically  completed.  It  has  all  the 
appearance  of  a  marble  palace  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  structures  on  the 
grounds.  It  is  the  first  that  will  be  seen  by  the  visitor  approaching  from 
Midway  Plaisance. 

MINES  BUILDING. — Frame  work  and  iron  and  glass  roof  completed. 
Exterior  "staff  "  work  almost  finished. 

ELECTRICITY  BUILDING. — Frame  work  completed.  The  roof  being 
finished. 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDING. — Pavilions  completed.  West  curtain  of  roof 
and  windows  in  position.  Iron  work  of  dome  in  position  and  exterior  orna- 
mentation begun. 

TRANSPORTATION  BUILDING. — Practically  completed.  Very  little  more 
to  be  done. 

ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING. — One  of  the  crowning  glories  of  the  group. 
Structural  work  completed.  "Staff"  work  almost  finished.  Iron  work  of 
great  dome  170  feet  from  the  ground,  in  position. 

MACHINERY  HALL. — This  mammoth  structure  is  in  a  fair  stage  of  com- 
pletion; 6,000  supporting  piers  in  position,  superstructure  advanced;  founda- 
tion for  annex  laid  and  work  advanced  on  the  building. 

AGRICULTURAL  BUILDING. — Interior  columns  and  gallery  girders  in 
position  and  great  iron  columns  supporting  the  roof  placed.  This  build- 
ing will  consume  7.000.000  feet  of  lumber  when  completed.  Over  two-thirds 
of  this  has  been  utilized. 

MANUFACTURES  AND  LIBERAL  ARTS  BUILDING. — The  thirty  and  a  half 
acres  of  flooring  laid  and  superstructure  rapidly  approaching  completion. 
The  huge  steel  trufses  for  the  roof  which  will  contain  more  metal  by  50  per 
cent,  than  the  Brooklyn  bridge  are  being  raised  into  position. 

ART  GALLERIES. — Basement  floor  and  brick  walls  completed.  The 
structure  in  a  very  advanced  stage  of  completion. 

FISHERIES  BUILDING. — Almost  completed  ;  exterior  work  commenced; 
interior  work  progressing  rapidly. 

FORESTRY  BUILDING. — Practically  completed  ;  now  being  occupied  by 
the  model  makers  ;  outside  rustic  woik  being  put  on  ;  temporary  roof  being 
replaced  by  a  thatched  one. 


552  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

DAIRY  BUILDING. — Almost  completed. 

The  Illinois  building,  the  United  States  Government  building  and  the 
Battleship  are  far  advanced.  Other  buildings,  state  and  foreign,  are  under 
way  and  will  be  completed  early  in  the  summer.  The  grounds  are  all  laid 
out  and  the  work  of  the  landscape  gardeners  is  progressing  rapidly. 

Insurance  is  placed  and  increased  on  the  buildings  as  their  construction 
proceeds.  The  amount  now  carried  is  above  $1,000,000.  During  the  Exposi- 
tion, it  is  estimated  not  less  than  §150,000,000  or  $200,000,000  of  insurance 
will  be  carried  on  the  buildings  and  exhibits. 

All  possible  precautions  are  taken  against  fire.  The  Exposition  grounds 
are  already  provided  with  a  full  equipment  of  fire  engines  and  apparatus. 

In  the  construction  of  the  buildings  about  60,000,000  feet  of  lumber  and 
18,000  tons  of  steel  and  iron  will  be  used.  In  their  adornment  will  be  utilized 
nearly  84,000  pieces  of  ornamental  "staff"  work,  of  which  about  one-third  are 
already  completed. 

[See  Flinn's  Hand- Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto,  for  sale 
everywhere.  ] 

Water,  Sewerage,  Lighting,  etc. — To  supply  the  Exposition  buildings  and 
grounds  with  water  two  plants  aie  being  put  in,  one  with  capacity  of  24,000,- 
000  gallons  a  day,  and  the  other  of  40,000,000  gallons.  Thus  64,000,000 
gallons  a  day  will  be  available.  The  pumping  works  and  all  of  the  great 
machinery  furnishing  power  to  the  Exposition  will  be  open  to  the  inspection 
of  visitors. 

A  system  for  drainage,  believed  to  be  adequate  and  perfect,  has  been 
adopted.  Perfect  sewerage,  too,  is  planned.  All  refuse  from  the  cafes  and 
kitchens,  and  from  the  lavatories  and  closets,  of  which  6,500  will  be  con- 
structed at  an  expense  of  some  $450,000,  will  be  received  by  injectors,  and 
forced  by  compressed  air  through  underground  pipes  into  four  huge  tanks, 
where  it  will  be  treated  chemically  and  rendered  entirely  inoffensive.  Work 
upon  these  systems  is  progressing. 

Plans  adopted  for  lighting  the  buildings  and  grounds  provide  for  138,218 
electric  lamps,  of  which  6,76(i  are  to  be  arc  lamps  of  2,000  candle-power  each, 
and  131,452  incandescent,  16  candle-power  each.  The  electric  lighting  will 
cost  something  like  $1,500,000  and  will  be  ten  times  as  extensive  as  was 
employed  at  the  Paris  Exposition.  The  light  and  motive  plant  at  the  Expo- 
sition, it  is  estimated,  will  require  26,000  horse-power,  of  which  22,000  will 
be  required  for  the  electric  plant. 

Transportation  Matters. — Transportation  to  and  from  the  Exposition, 
both  for  visitors  and  exhibits,  will  be  as  perfect  as  it  is  possible  to  make  it, 
both  in  the  matter  of  facilities  and  rates.  Greatly  reduced  rates  on  all  rail- 
roads and  some  of  the  steamship  lines  will  prevail.  Definite  arrangements 
are  yet  to  be  perfected.  Much  attention  is  being  given  to  the  question  of 
furnishing  abundant  facilities  for  reaching  the  grounds  from  all  parts  of 
Chicago,  and  it  can  be  asserted  that  existing  means,  already  extensive,  will  be 
increased  so  that  a  maximum  of  400,000  a  day  can  be  carried  to  and  from  the 
grounds.  For  the  transportation  of  exhibits  arrangements  have  already  been 
made  with  nearly  500  railway  and  steamship  lines,  including  all  of  the  trunk 
railroads  and  more  important  lines  in  the  United  States.  Ot  these  transporta- 
tion lines,  417  have  agreed  to  charge  regular  tariff  rates  on  exhibits  to  the 


WOKLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  553 

Exposition,  and  to  return  them  to  starting  points  free  of  charge,  provided 
their  ownership  remains  unchanged.  Thirty  seven  have  agreed  to  charge  half 
regular  rates  both  ways,  and  thirty-three  have  promised  to  transport  them 
free  both  to  and  from  the  Exposition.  The  Atlantic  Transport  Line  of 
steamers,  which  runs  freight  steamships  betwien  Lond<  u  and  New  York, 
Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  will  make  no  chaige  on  exhibits  in  either  direc- 
tion, except  on  such  as,  owing  to  their  excessive  size  or  wtighl,  require  extra 
help  in  their  handling.  In  such  cases  only  the  expmse'of  the  extra  help  will 
be  charged.  Foreign  exhibits  will  be  admitted  free  of  all  duly.  8uch  exhibits, 
however,  if  sold  in  this  country,  will  be  subject  to  payment  of  regular  customs 
duties. 

[See  Flinri's  Hand-Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.  ] 

World's  Congress  Auxiliary. — This  constitutes  the  intellectual  and  moral 
branch  of  the  Exposition.  Its  motto  is,  "  Not  Matter,  but  Mind."  and  it  is 
organized  to  provide  for  the  presentation,  by  papers,  addresses  and  discus- 
sion, of  the  mental  and  moral  status  and  achievements  of  the  human  race. 
Under  its  auspices,  a  series  of  congresses  will  be  held  in  Chicago  during  the 
progress  of  the  Exposition,  in  which,  it  is  already  assured,  will  participate  a 
great  many  of  the  ablest  living  representatives  in  the  various  fields  of  intel- 
lectual effort  and  moral  endeavor.  The  auxiliary  embraces  between  fifteen 
and  twenty  main  departments,  such  as  literature,  government,  education, 
music,  science,  art,  engineering,  etc.,  in  each  of  which  are  subdivisions.  A 
program  is  being  arranged  for  congresses  in  each  of  these  departments  and 
divisions,  in  which  specialists  and  advanced  thinkers  may  participate  in  dis- 
cussing the  vital  and  important  questions,  and  presenting  the  best  and  latest 
achievements  of  the  human  mind  in  each.  During  the  Exposition  the  auxil- 
iary will  have  the  use  of  a  magnificent  permanent  art  palace,  which  the  Chi- 
cago Art  Institute,  aided  by  the  Exposition  Directory,  is  about  erecting  on 
the  like  front.  This  will  have-  two  large  audience  rooms,  each  of  3,500 
capacity,  and  from  twenty  to  thirty  smaller  rooms,  of  capacity  ranging  from 
300  to  750.  The  great  Auditorium  will  also  be  utilized  for  the  larger  con- 
gresses, and  numerous  other  halls  are  available  when  required.  Each  con- 
gress will  be  supervised  by  a  committee  of  persons  actively  interested  in  its 
particular  field,  acceptance  of  such  responsibility  having  already  been  given. 
The  prospects  are  that  fully  100  congresses  altogether  will  be  held.  It  is  the 
intention  to  publish  their  proceedings  in  enduring  form.  Detailed  informa- 
tion  concerning  the  auxiliary,  or  any  of  its  departments  or  divisions,  can  be 
obtained  of  its  president,  Charles  C.  Bonney. 

Board  of  Lady  Managers. — The  participation  of  women  in  the  Exposition 
promises  to  be  one  of  its  most  interesting  as  well  as  novel  features.  With  a 
commodious  ard  imposing  building,  designed  by  a  young  lady  architect,  and 
with  an  abundance  of  money,  and  with  full  recognition,  indorsement,  and  aid 
by  the  United  States  Government  and  the  Exposition  Directory,  the  women 
have  an  opportunity  of  showing  in  the  most  signal  manner,  the  condition  of 
their  sex  throughout  the  world,  what  are  the  achievements  of  woman  in  the 
various  branches  of  human  endeavor,  and  what  is  her  adaptability  to  different 
occcupations  and  lines  of  industrial  and  charitable  work.  Urder  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Board's  president — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer — the  work  of  organization, 
and  of  enlisting  the  interest  of  women  throughout  the  United  States  and  in 
foreign  countrie  ,  has  progressed  to  a  most  satisfactory  stage. 


554  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

General  Information.—  JACKSON  PARK  AND  MIDWAY  PLAISANCE. — Jackson 
Park  and  Midway  Plaisance — the  Exposition  site — are  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  Chicago,  and  embrace  6(54  acres,  with  a  frontage  of  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  on  Lake  Michigan.  Forty  five  miles  of  boulevard  connect  the  site 
with  the  general  park  system  of  Chicgao,  which  embraces  fifteen  or  more 
parks,  aggregating  2,000  acres. 

PREPARING  JACKSON  PARK.— Half  a  million  dollars  has  already  been 
expended  in  grading  Jackson  Park  and  dredging  extensive  waterways 
throughout  it.  Hundreds  of  thousands  are  yet  to  be  spent  for  landscape  gar- 
dening, fountains,  statuary,  pleasure  boats,  etc.  A  number  of  observation 
towers,  from  which  excellent  views  of  the  buildings  and  grounds  can  be 
obtained,  will  be  erected  in  different  parts  of  the  Park. 

RESTAURANTS  AND  CAFES. — According  to  present  plans  fully  150  restau- 
rants and  cafes  will  be  in  operation  in  the  various  buildings  and  about  the 
grounds.  These  will  be  conveniently  distributed,  and  will  have  an  estimated 
aggregate  seating  capacity  of  6,000  or  8,000. 

SPECIAL  EXPOSITION  FEATURES. — Midway  Plaisance,  connecting  Jackson 
Park  with  Washington  Park,  will  be.  occupied  throughout  itsentire  length  by 
special  Exposition  features  largely  of  a  foreign  character,  such  ad  the 
"Bazaar  of  All  Nations," "  Street  in  Cairo,"  "Street  in  Constantinople," 
"Moorish  Palace,"  "Maori  Village,"  etc.,  to  which  concessions  have  bten 
granted,  and  which,  in  their  production,  will  represent  the  expenditure  of 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars.  Panoramas,  cycloramas,  the  sliding  rail- 
way, etc. ,  will  also  be  located  there. 

ENTRANCE  FEE. — A  single  entrance  fee,  probably  50  cents,  will  entitle 
visitors  to  see  the  entire  Exposition  proper.  The  special  attractions  on  Mid- 
way Plaisance  w  11  make  a  moderate  additional  charge. 

HOTEL  ACCOMMODATION. — The  hotel  accommodations  of  Chicago,  already 
very  extensive,  are  being  augmented  by  the  erection  of  fully  twenty  new 
hotels,  some  of  which  are  very  large.  Two  million  dollars  or  more  are  to  be 
spent  by  the  city  and  the  park  commissioners  in  putting  the  streets,  parks, 
etc.,  in  presentable  condition  against  the  influx  of  visitors. 

EXHIBITS. — It  may  be  said  to  be  assured  that  the  exhibits  at  the  Exposi- 
tion will  cover  a  wider  range  and  be  far  more  numerous  than  were  ever  before 
gathered  together.  They  will  present  a  picture  of  the  condition  and  indus- 
trial progress  of  mankind  in  every  quarter  of  the  world,  and  of  its  achieve- 
ments in  every  branch  of  the  sciences  and  arts.  The  Exposition  classifica- 
tion embraces  12  departments,  176  groups  and  967  classes.  The  application 
for  space  by  intending  exhibitors  in  the  United  States  alone  numbered  2,082 
on  January  1st.  The  number  at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  on  correspond- 
ing date  was  864.  Applications  from  foreign  exhibitors  are  reported  very 
numerous  and  rapidly  increasing.  It  seems  assured  that  exhibitors  will  out- 
number those  at  any  previous  world's  fair.  The  allotment  of  space  will  be 
made  about  June.  The  reception  of  exhibits  will  begin  November  1,  1892, 
aud  continue  until  April  10,  1893.  No  charge  will  be  made  for  space  for 
exhibits.  • 

DEDICATORY  CEREMONIES. — The  Exposition  buildings,  as  required  by  Act 
of  Congress,  will  be  dedicated  "with  appropriate  ceremonies,"  on  October  12, 
1892,  the  400th  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus.  The 
exercises  will  occupy  three  days,  beginning  on  the  llth  and  closing  on  the 
13th  with  a  grand  dedication  bull.  The  committee  having  the  matter  in 
charge  has  planned  to  make  the  ceremonies  most  impressive  in  character 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  555 

Something  like  $300,000  will  be  spent  to  secure  this  end.  The  President  of 
the  United  States  and  his  Cabinet,  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
the  Governors  of  the  several  States  with  their  staffs,  and  representatives  of  all 
foreign  nations  will  be  invited  to  be  present.  The  mobilization  of  10,000 
militia  and  several  thousand  regulars  is  planned,  as  is  also  an  imposing  civic 
and  industrial  display.  In  the  evenings  there  will  be  a  magnificent  display  of 
.fireworks,  and  in  the  Park  waterways  a  pageant  of  symbolical  floats,  repre- 
senting the  "Procession  of  the  Centuries."  In  the  dedicatory  exercises  on 
the  12th,  the  completed  buildings  will  be  tendered  by  the  President  of  the 
Exposition  to  the  National  Commission.  President  T.  W.  Palmer  will  accept 
them  on  behalf  of  that  body  and  will  at  once  present  them  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  who  will  fittingly  respond.  The  dedicatory  oration  will 
follow.  Much  attention  is  being  given  to  the  musical  portion  of  the  pro- 
gramme. This  will  include  a  dedicatory  ode  and  orchestra  marches  written 
for  the  occasion.  These  and  other  numbers,  including  "America"  and 
"Star-Spangled  Banner"  will  be  rendered  with  full  choral  and  orchestral 
accompaniment. 

NAVAL,  REVIEW. — In  April,  1893,  a  grand  international  naval  review, 
preliminary  to  the  opening  of  the  Exposition,  as  provided  for  by  Act  of  Con- 
gress, will  be  held  in  New  York  harbor.  Arrangements  for  this  are  now 
being  made. 

[See  Flinn's  Hand-Book  of  the  Worlds  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywltere.  ] 

PRELIMINARY  WORK. 

Selection  of  Chicago. — The  idea  of  holding  a  World's  Fair  at  some  point 
in  the  United  States,  in  celebration  of  the  400th  anniversary  of  the  discovery 
of  America  by  Columbus,  was  first  seriously  considered  in  the  summer  of 
1889,  and  it  quickly  received  popular  approval.  As  soon  as  it  seemed  prob- 
able that  such  a  Fair  would  be  held,  several  cities,  notably  New  York  .Chicago, 
St.  Louis  and  Washington,  entered  into  a  spirited  rivalry  to  be  designated  as 
the  place  of  its  location,  and  urged  their  respective  claims  before  Congress 
with  all  the  force  and  influence  they  could  command.  It  was  apparent  from 
the  start,  almost,  that  either  New  York  or  Chicago  would  be  selected. 
Chicago,  with  characteristic  energy,  formed  an  organization — the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition — embracing  its  most  substantial  business  men,  raised 
more  than  $5,000,000  by  subscription,  and  pledged  itself  to  increase  the 
amount  to  $10,000.000,  to  be  expended  in  behalf  of  the  Fair.  Chicago's 
superiority  in  many  respects  as  a  place  for  holding  the  Exposition  was 
;  dmitted,  and  on  the  first  ballot  this  city  led  New  York  by  more  than  40 
votes.  It  captured  the  prize  on  the  eighth  ballot,  receiving  157  votes  to  107 
for  New  York,  25  for  St.  Louis  and  18  for  Washington.  The  disappointment 
of  its  rivals  soon  wore  off,  and  the  selection  of  Chicago  has  now  almost  uni- 
versal approval. 

Act  of  Congress. — The  Act  of  Congress  providing  for  the  Fair  was 
apt»tovid  by  President  Harrison,  April  25,  1890,  and  begins  as  follows; 


556  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Whereas,  It  is  fit  and  appropriate  that  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America  be  commemorated  by  an  exhibition  of  the  resources  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  their  development,  and  of  the  progress  of  civilization  in  the  new 
world ;  and 

Whereas,  Such  an  exhibition  should  be  of  a  national  and  international  character,  BO 
that  not  only  the  people  of  our  Union,  and  this  Continent,  but  those  of  all  nations,  aa 
well,  can  participate,  and  should,  therefore,  have  the  sanction  of  the  Congiess  of  the 
United  States;  therefore, 

BE  IT  ENACTED,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Congress  assembled,  that  an  exhibition  of  arts,  industries,  manufactures, 
and  product  of  the  soil,  mine  and  sea  shall  be  inaugurated  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred 
and  ninety -two,  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  as  hereafter  provided. 

The  act  then  goes  on  with  provisions,  as  summarized  below,  relative  to 
the  conduct  of  the  Exposition.  It  provides  for  a  national  supervisory  body, 
known  as  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent, composed  of  two  commissioners  and  two  alternates  from  each  Slate  and 
Territory  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  eight  commissioners  and  eight 
alternates  at  large,  the  commissioners  and  alternates  from  the  States  and 
Territories  to  be  appointed  upon  nomination  by  their  respective  governors. 

Poicer  of  Commission. — This  Commission  was  empowered  to  accept  such 
site  for  the  Exposition  and  such  plans  and  specifications  for  buildings  as  the 
local  organization  might  determine  upon  and  tender,  provided  said  site  and 
plans  were  deemed  adequate,  and  it  was  first  satisfied  that  the  local  organiza- 
tion had  secured  bona  fide  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $5,000,000.  and  there 
was  assured  an  additional  $5,000,000  for  Exposition  purposes.  It  was  also 
empowered  to  allot  space  for  exhibitors,  prepare  a  classification  of  exhibits, 
determine  the  plan  and  scope  for  the  Exposition,  award  premiums,  and  gen- 
erally have  charge  of  all  intercourse  with  the  exhibitors  and  representatives 
of  foreign  nations.  In  point  of  fact,  a  large  share  of  these  duties  will  really 
be  performed  by  the  local  organization,  under  approval  of  the  national  body. 
The  Commission  was  required  also  to  appoint  a  board  of  Lady  Managers  for 
the  Exposition,  and  to  provide  for  the  dedication,  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies, of  the  Exposition  buildings,  on  the  12th  day  of  October,  1892. 

Proclamation. — By  the  act,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  when 
satisfied  that  the  local  corporation  had  made  provision  for  suitable  grounds 
and  buildings,  and  had  raised  or  provided  for,  a  sum  of  not  less  than  $10,000,- 
000  for  Exposition  purposes,  was  directed  to  make  proclamation  of  such  facts 
and  to  invite  foreign  nations  to  take  part  in  said  Exposition,  said  proclama- 
tion to  be  communicated  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  foreign  nations 
for  publication  in  their  respective  countries.  The  President  was  also  directed 
to  hold  a  naval  review  in  New  York  harbor  in  April,  1893,  and  to  extend  to 
foreign  nations  an  invitation  to  send  ships  of  war  to  join  the  United  States 
navy  in  rendezvous  at  Hampton  Roads  and  proceed  thence  to  said  review. 

Dutiable  Articles  Exhibited — The  Act  specifies  that  all  dutiable  articles 
imported  to  be  exhibited,  and  not  intended  for  sale,  shall  be  admitted  free 
of  duty  and  customs  fees,  and  that  such  articles  may  be  sold  only  subject  to 
the  established  duties  and  under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  shall  prescribe. 

Government  Exhibits. — The  Government  of  the  United  States  is  required 
to  exhibit,  from  its  executive  departments,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Fish 
Commission,  and  National  Museum  "such  articles  and  materials  as  illus- 
trate the  function  and  administrative  faculty  of  the  government  in  lime  of 
peace,  and  its  resources-as  a  war  power,  tending  to  demonstrate  thenaturcof 


[Engraved  for  The  Siandard  Guide  Company."] 

M.  A.  RICHARDSO.\,  JR.,  &  CO.,  WASHINGTON  BD.  &  CURTIS  ST. 
[See  "Guide."] 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION.  557 

our  institutions  and  their  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the  people."  The  Presi- 
dent is  required  to  appoint  a  board  to  prepare  and  care  for  this  exhibit,  and 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  directed  to  provide  a  suitable  building  to 
contain  it,  at  an  expense  not  exceeding  $400,000.  As  a  part  of  the  govern- 
ment exhibit  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  required  to  establish  and  fully 
equip  a  life-saving  station,  such  as  is  in  operation  at  various  points  on  the 
coast  of  the  United  States.  For  the  government  exhibit  entire  and  for  the 
buildings  to  contain  it,  the  Act  appropriates  $1,500,000.  Such  are  the  chief 
provisions  of  the  act. 

Organization. — Immediately  upon  the  passage  of  the  act,  the  work  of 
organizing  and  preparation  was  begun,  and  it  .has  proceeded  since  as  rapidly 
as  the  many  obstacles  incident  to  such  a  great  undertaking  would  permit. 
From  time  to  time  difficulties  and  conflict  of  authority,  threatening  to  be 
serious,  arose  between  the  National  Commission  and  the  Local  Directory, 
but  each  one  has  been  adjusted  satisfactorily,  and  now  harmony  prevails  and 
the  work  of  preparation  is  going  on  smoothly  and  rapidly. 

President's  Proclamation. — In  due  time  the  National  Commission  reported 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  who,  upon  its  recommendation,  issued 
this  proclamation  and  invitation  to  the  nations  of  the  earth: 
By  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

A   PROCLAMATION. 

WHEREAS,  Satisfactory  proof  has  been  presented  to  me  that  provision  has  been 
made  for  the  adequate  grounds  and  buildings  for  the  uses  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  and  that  a  sum  not  less  than  $10,000,000,  to  be  used  nnd  expended  for  the 
purposes  of  said  Exposition,  has  been  provided  in  accordance  with  the  conditions  and 
requirements  of  section  10  of  an  act,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the 
four-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus  by 
holding  an  International  exhibition  of  arts,  industries,  manufactures  and  the  products 
of  the  soil,  mine  and  sea,  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,"  approved  April 
25,  1890. 

Now,  THEREFORE,  I,  Benjamin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States,  by  virtue 
of  the  authority  vested  in  me  by  said  Act,  do  hereby  declare  and  proclaim  that  such 
International  Exhibition  will  be  opened  on  the  first  day  of  May,  in  the  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-three,  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  will  not 
be  closed  before  the  last  Thursday  in  October  of  the  same  year. 

And  in  the  name  of  the  Government  and  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  I  do 
hereby  invite  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  to  take  part  in  the  commemoration  of  an 
event  that  is  pre-eminent  in  human  history  and  of  lasting  interest  to  mankind,  by 
appointing  representatives  thereto,  and  sending  such  exhibits  to  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  as  will  most  fitly  and  fully  illustrate  their  resources,  their  industries  and 
their  progress  in  civilization. 

IN  TESTIMONY  WHEREOF  I  have  hereunto  set  my  band  and  caused  the  seal  of  the 
United  States  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  city  of  Washington  this  twenty-fourth  day  of  December,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety,  and  the  independence  of 
the  United  States  the  one  hundred  and  fifteenth. 

By  the  President:  BENJAMIN  HARBISON. 

JAMBS  G.  BLAINK,  Secretary  of  State. 

This  proclamation,  accompanied  by  a  letter  of  the  Secretary  of  State, 
regulations  for  foreign  exhibitors,  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  governing  the  free  importation  of  exhibits,  and  the  prospectus  of  a 
proposed  World's  Congress  Auxiliary  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition, 
was  sent  to  the  following  countries  early  in  January :  Argentine  Republic, 
Siberia,  Austria-Hungary,  Mexico,  Belgium,  Netherlands,  Paraguay  and 
Uruguay,  Brazil,  Persia,  Peru,  Guatemala,  Portugal,  Salvador,  Roumania, 
Nicaragua,  Russia,  Honduras,  Servia,  Costa  Rica,  Siam,  Chili,  Spain, 
China.  Sweden  and  Norway,  Colombia,  Switzerland,  Corea,  Turkey,  Den- 
mark. Venezuela,  Ecuador,  France,  Germany,  GreatBritain,  Greece,  Hawaiian 
Islands,  Italy,  Japan. 


558  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

World's  Congress  Auxiliary.— The  World's  Congress  Auxiliary,  referred 
to  above,  is  an  authorized  adjunct  of  the  World's  Fair,  and  aims  to  supple- 
ment the  exposition  which  that  will  make  of  the  material  progress  of  the 
world  by  a  portrayal  of  the  "wonderful  achievements  of  the  new  age  in 
science,  literature,  education,  government,  jurisprudence,  morals,  charily, 
religion  and  other  departments  of  human  activity,  as  tbe  most  effective 
means  of  increasing  the  fraternity,  progress,  prosperity  and  peace  of  man- 
kind." Virtually  it  will  be  a  series  of  congresses  at  which  the  greatest 
thinkers  of  the  world  will  discuss,  among  other  themes,  the  following: 

I.  The  grrounds  of  fraternal  union  in  the  language,  literature,  domestic  life, 
religion,  science,  art  and  civil  institutions  of  different  peoples. 

II.  The  economic,  industrial  and  financial  problems  of  the  ago. 

III.  Educational  systems,  their  advantages  and  their  defects;  and  the  means  by 
which  they  may  best  be  adapted  to  the  recent  enormous  increase  in  all  departments  of 
knowledge. 

IV.  The  practicability  of  a  common  language,  for  use  In  the  commercial  rela- 
tions of  the  civilized  world. 

V.  International  copyright  and  the  laws  of  intellectual  property  and  commerce. 

VI.  Immigration  and  naturalization  laws,  and  the  proper  international  privi- 
leges of  alien  governments,  and  their  subjects,  or  citizens. 

VII.  The  most  efficient  and  advisable  means  of  preventing  or  decreasing  pau- 
perism, insanity  and  crime;  and  of  increasing  productive  ability,  prosperity  and  vir- 
tue throughout  the  world. 

VIII.  International  law  as  a  bond  of  union  and  a  means  of  mutual  protection; 
and  how  it  may  best  be  enlarged,  perfected  and  authoritatively  expressed. 

IX.  The  establishment  of  the  principles  of  judicial  justice,  as  the  supreme  lawof 
international  relations,  and  the  general  substitution  of  arbitration  lor  war  in  the  set- 
tlement of  international  controversies. 

The  Site  Agreed  fTpcw.— Jackson  park,  where  the  greater  number  of  the 
Exposition  buildings  are  to  be,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  lake  shore  seven 
miles  southeast  of  the  City  Hall,  and  embraces  586  acres.  Washington  park  is 
a  mile  or  more  nearer  and  has  371  acres.  Midway  Plaisance  has  80  acres. 
Thus  a  total  of  1,037  acres  is  available  for  the  Exposition.  The  spacious 
grounds  of  the  Washington  Driving  Park  Association,  adjoining  Washington 
park  on  the  south,  will  be  used  for  certain  stock  exhibits.  Upon  these  parks 
previous  to  their  selection  as  the  World's  Fair  site  $4,000,000  was  spent  in 
laying  out  the  grounds  and  beautifying  them  by  lawns,  flower-beds,  shrub- 
bery, etc.  The  Exposition  people  will  spend  more  than  $1,000,000  in  their 
further  preparation.  The  contract  for  grading  alone  has  been  let  at  $397,000. 
These  parks  are  connected  with  the  center  of  the  city  and  with  the  general 
park  and  boulevard  system  by  more  than  thirty-five  miles  of  boulevards 
from  100  to  300  feet  in  width.  A  description  of  the  parks  and  boulevards 
will  be  found  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  The  projected  improvements  include 
additional  walks  and  driveways,  lakes,  canals,  fountains,  statuary,  a  pier 
extending  1,500  feet  into  the  lake,  etc. 

Special  Attractions. — Among  the  many  special  attractions  contemplated, 
which  are  outside  of  what  may  be  considered  the  regular  range  of  exhibits, 
may  be  mentioned  a  tower  higher  than  the  Eiffel,  an  $800,000  water  palace,  a 
naval  exhibit  including  a  reproduction  of  the  Columbus  fleet,  a  mine  several 
hundred  feet  deep,  pleasure  boats  propelled  by  electricity,  captive  balloons,  a 
reproduction  of  an  ancient  Roman  dwelling  of  the  time  of  Pompeii,  a  Japan- 
ese village,  a  National  portrait  gallery,  a  band  congress,  and  a  children's 
chorus  of  1,000  voices.  Attractions  of  this  sort  will  be  chiefly  of  a  private  or 
semi  private  proprietorship,  as  was  the  Eiffel  tower  at  the  Paris  Exposition. 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION".  559 

Transportation. — The  facilities  for  reaching  the  Exposition  from  all  parts 
of  the  city  will  be  greatly  increased  by  the  time  the  opening  occurs.  They 
will  include  steam,  electric  and  horse  railways,  cable  cars,  elevated  roads,  an 
extensive  carriage  and  cab  service,  steamboat  lines  on  the  lake,  and,  perhaps, 
other  means.  An  enormous  attendance  is  anticipated,  and  it  is  the  intention 
to  provide  not  only  ample  transportation  facilities,  but  every  accommodation 
on  the  grounds  for  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  visitors,  no  matter  how 
numerous  they  may  be.  Police  regulations  will  be  as  perfect  as  they  can  be 
made. 

Headquarters. — The  headquarters  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
are,  at  present,  in  the  Rand-McNally  building  oil  Adams  street,  occupying 
three  of  the  great  floors.  There  are  the  offices  of  the  National  Commission,  the 
Local  Directory,  the  Lady  Managers,  the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary,  the 
ciiiefs  of  the  several  departments,  committee  rooms,  etc.,  etc.  No  business 
house  in  the  city  presents  more  the  appearance  of  a  hive  of  industry  than  do 
the  Exposition  offices.  The  department  of  publicity  and  promotion  is  most 
busy  of  all.  Upon  it  devolves  the  work  of  placing  the  Exposition — its  pur- 
pose, scope,  condition,  prospects,  3nd  expected  beneficial  effects — favorably 
before  the  eyes  of  the  civilized  world.  Scarcely  a  day  passes  on  which  less 
than  from  2,000  to  3,000  mail  packages,  containing  information  on  the  above 
points,  are  sent  out  from  this  department. 

[See  FUnrfs  Hand- Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  for  full 
information  concerning  the  above;  also  illustrations  relating  thereto.  For  sale 
everywhere.'] 

ATTRACTIONS  OF  THE  EXPOSITION,  ETC. 

A  description  of  the  thousands  of  attractions  proposed  and  secured  for 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  together  with  information  of  a  general 
character  for  the  exhibitor  and  the  visitor,  with  a  guide  to  the  Exposition 
grounds,  full  descriptions  of  buildings,  etc  ,  require  a  volume.  Such  a  vol- 
ume has  been  compiled  by  Mr.  John  J.  Flinn,  compiler  of  the  STANDARD 
GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  It  is  called  the  "  Hand  Book  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,"  and  consists  of  about  400  pages,  profusely  illustrated  with 
beautiful  engravings  (specimens  of  which  appear  in  this  volume)  of  every 
building  on  the  Exposition  grounds,  with  scenes  and  miscellaneous  informa- 
tion concerning  the  World's  Fair  and  contains  thousands  of  facts  of  interest 
to  the  visitor.  In  addition  a  large  amount  of  matter  is  contained  in  this  vol- 
ume covering  the  various  other  attractions  of  Chicago.  The  whole  is  supple- 
mented with  a  condensed  Guide  to  Chicago,  which  must  prove  invaluable  to 
the  stranger.  This  volume  is  on  sale  everywhere  throughout  the  civilized 
world. 


HAND  BOOK 


OK 


WRITTEN  AND  COMPILED  BY 


[Compiler  of  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE]. 


ILLUSTRATED  . 


With  Photo-Gravure  Engravings  of  every  Build- 
ing on  the  Exposition  Grounds,  Scenes,  etc. 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  FOR  THE  STRANGER. 


Paper  Cover,  fully  illustrated Price,  50  cents 

Cloth  Cover,  fully  illustrated Price,  75  cents 

Morocco  Cover,  fully  illustrated Price,       $1.00 

A  MILLION  COPIES  WILL  BE  SOLD. 

FREQUENT  REVISED  EDITIONS. 
ALL  ADVERTISEMENTS  TO  RUN  UNTIL  CLOSE  OF  EXPOSITION. 


Per  Page,  Body  of  Book .$200.00 

Per  Page,  Front  of  Book 100.00 

Per  Page,  Back  of  Book 50.00 


THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  COMPANY, 

358  DEARBORN  ST.,  CHICAGO,  U.S.A. 


PART  V. 


THE  GUIDE. 


Before  your  train  reaches  the  city  you  will  .be  approached  by  one  of  Parmelee'a 
agents,  who  will,  if  you  desire  it,  take  up  your  railroad  baggage  checks,  giving  you 
receipts  for  the  same,  and  undertake  to  deliver  your  trunk  to  any  hotel  or  any  past  of 
the  city  within  the  old  limits  for  fifty  cents.  Each  additional  trunk,  twenty-five  cents. 
For  fifty  cents  additional  he  will  give  you  a  ticket  which  wi .1  entitle  you  to  transfer 
by  omnibus  to  any  other  railroad  depot,  or  to  any  hotel  in  the  center  of  the  city.  The 
Parmelee  company  is  perfectly  responsible  and  its  agents  may  be  trusted  fully.  The 
stranger  arriving  in  Chicago  for  the  first  time,  if  in  doubt  as  to  the  course  to  be  pur. 
fcued,  in  leaving  the  train  should  consult  the  uniformed  depot  agents,  or  depot  police- 
men, who  may  be  depended  upon  for  reliable  information.  Hansom  cabs,  coupes, 
hacks,  carriages,  etc.,  stand  outside  every  depot.  Before  entering  a  vehicle  make  an 
arrangement  with  the  driver,  in  order  that  there1  may  be  no  misunderstanding  after- 
ward. 

Hack  and  Cab  Rates.— The  rates  of  fare  for  hacks,  according  to  city  ordinances,  are 
as  follows: 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  from  one  railroad  depot  to  another  railroad 
depot,  one  dollar. 

For  conveying  one  Or  two  passengers  not  exceeding  one  mile,  one  dollar. 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  any  distance  over  one  mile  and  less  than  two 
miles;  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents. 

For  each  additional  two  passengers  of  the  same  party  or  family,  fifty  cents. 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  any  distance  exceeding  two  miles,  two 
dollars. 

For  each  additional  passenger  of  the  same  party  or  family,  fifty  cents. 

For  conveying  children  between  five  and  fourteen  years  of  age,  half  the  above 
price  may  be  charged  for  like  distance;  but  for  children  under  five  years  of  age,  no 
charge  shall  be  made-  providing  that  the  distance  from  any  railroad  depot,  steamboat 
landing:  or  hotel  to  any  other  railroad  depot,  steamboat  landing  or  hotel  shall,  in  all 
cases,  be  estimated  as  not  exceeding  one  mile. 

For  the  use  per  day  of  any  hackney  coach  or  other  vehicle,  drawn  by  two  horses 
or  other  animals,  with  one  or  more  passengers,  eight  dollars. 

For  the  use  of  any  such  carriage  or  vehicle  by  the  hour,  with  one  or  more  passen- 
gers, with  the  privilege  of  going  from  place  to  place  and  stopping  as  often  as  may  be 
required,  as  follows:  For  the  first  hour,  two  dollars;  for  each  additional  hour  or  part 
of  an  hour,  one  dollar. 

Every  passenger  shall  be  allowed  to  have  conveyed  upon  each  vehicle,  without 
charge,  his  ordinary  traveling  baggage,  not  exceeding  in  any  case  one  trunk  and 
twenty-five  pounds  of  other  baggage.  For  every  additional  package,  where  the  whole 
weight  of  baggage  is  over  one  hundred  pounds,  if  conveyed  to  any  place  within 
the  old  city  limits,  the  owner  or  driver  shall  be  permitted  to  charge  fifteen  cents. 

Rates  of  fare  for  hansom  cabs  and  other  one-horse  vehicles  are  regulated  by  city 
ordinance  as  follows : 

The  prices  or  rates  of  fare  to  be  asked  or  demanded  by  the  owners  or  drivers  of 
cabs  or  other  vehicles  drawn  by  one  horse  or  other  animal  for  the  conveyance  of  pas- 
sengers for  hire  shall  be  not  more  than  as  follows : 

One  mile  or  fraction  thereof,  for  each  passenger  for  the  first  mile,  twenty-five 
cents. 

One  mile  or  fraction  thereof,  for  any  distance  after  first  mile,  for  one  or  more 
passeng-ers,  twenty-five  c  nts. 

For  the  first  hour,  seventy-five  cents. 

For  each  quarter-hour  additional  after  first  hour,  twenty  cents. 

For  service  outside  of  city  limits  and  in  the  parks,  for  the  first  hour,  one  dollar. 

For  each  quarter-hour  additional  after  the  first  hour,  twenty-five  cents. 

501 


562  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

The  provision  regarding  amount  of  baggage  allowed  free,  and  rates  of  charge  tot 
excess  is  the  same  as  in  the  Hack  Ordinance. 

,The  following  rates  of  fare  should  be  posted  conspicuously  in  every  Hansom 
cab: 

One  mile  or  less,  for  each  passenger,  twenty-five  cents. 

Each  additional  mile  or  fraction  thereof,  one  or  two  passengers,  twentv-flve 
cents. 

For  one  stop  or  wait  of  not  over  five  minutes  no  charge  will  be  made. 

For  over  five  minutes,  or  more  than  one  stop  or  wait,  ten  cents  will  be  charged 
for  each  ten  minutes  or  part  thereof. 

Packages  too  large  to  be  carried  inside  will  be  charged  ten  cents. 

For  one  or  two  persons,  per  hour,~within  four  mile  limit,  seventy -five  cents. 

For  each  quarter-hour  additional,  or  fraction  thereof,  twenty  cents. 

For  one  or  two  persons,  per  hour,  outside  four-mile  limit,  also  Lincoln  Park,  one 
dollar. 

For  each  quarter-hour  additional,  or  fraction  thereof,  twenty-five  cents. 

When  continuous  stop  of  one-half  hour  or  more  is  made,  the  charge  per  hour 
will  be  at  the  rate  of  seventy  cents.  When  service  is  desired  by  the  hour;  it  must  be 
so  btated  at  the  time  of  engaging  the  cab,  otherwise  the  distance  rate  will  be  charged. 

Hour  engagements,  when  the  cab  is  discharged  at  a  distance  of  over  half  a  mile 
from  the  stand,  the  time  necessary  to  return  to  the  stand  will  be  charged  for.  No 
time  engagements  will  be  made  for  less  than  the  price  for  one  hour. 

In  case  of  attempted  imposition  or  exorbitant  charges  on  the  part  of  the  driver, 
pay  him  nothing  until  you  shall  have  called  a  policeman.  The  city  of  Chicago  guards 
the  interests  of  strangers  closely  and  jealously,  and  no  imposition  will  be  tolerated. 
Do  not  compromise  the  matter  "in  order  to  save  trouble."  The  welfare  of  strangers 
generally  require  that  each  one  shall  refuse  to  accede  to  unjust  demands. 

HOTELS  AND  BOARDING  HOUSES.— The  Hotels  of  Chicago  are  of  great  number 
and  variety.  The  largest  and  grandest  of  them  are  described  elsewhere.  [See  Hotels.] 
It  would  be  impossible  to  tell  the  stranger  just  where  to  stop.  A  great  deal  depends  upon 
the  taste  and  means  of  the  visitor.  The  rates  charged  by  the  respectable  hotels  of 
Chicago  run  all  the  way  from  $3.00  to  85.00  per  day,  depending  in  great  measure  upon  the 
hotel  selected,  and  upon  the  location  of  rooms.  Good  rooms  at  the  leadingEuropean 
hotels,or  hotels  where  rooms  and  meals  are  paid  for  separately,can  be  obtained  for  $1.00 
per  day.  Restaurant  meals  may  be  had  at  from  25  to  50  cents.  Hotel  meals  are  served  at 
from  50  cents  to  $1.00.  Should  you  prefer  a  private  boarding  house,  you  will  have  no  diffi- 
culty in  finding  one,  where  you  may  procure  a  room  and  board  at  from  $4.00  to  $10.00  per 
week.  At  the  latter  figure  excellent  accommodation  may  be  obtained  in  any  of  the 
best  neighborhoods  of  the  city.  Boarding  houses  may  be  found  advertised  in  large 
numbers  in  the  daily  newspapers.  If  you  advertise  for  a  boarding  house  you  will 
receive  a  large  number  of  responses.  Select  some  place,  if  possible,  south  of  Twenty- 
second  st.  and  east  of  Wabash  ave.;  don't  be  afraid  of  going  south;  north  of  Chicago 
ave.  and  east  of  LaSalleave.;  don't  be  afraid  of  going  north,  west  of  Ashland  ave.  and 
south  of  Madison  to  Jackson,  or  north  of  Madison  to  Park  ave.;  the  farther  west  the  bet- 
ter. Having  installed  yourself  at  a  hotel,  a  boarding  house  or  at  the  house  of  a  friend, 
and  put  your  affairs  in  order,  you  will  doubtless  be  prepared  and  even  anxious  to  see 
the  city.  If  you  will  follow  me  during  the  next  thirty-one  days,  I  will  try  to  show  you 
every  thing  of  interest,  and  give  you  all  the  information  I  have  been  able  to  collect 
concerning  the  places  we  visit  and  the  sights  we  see. 
FIRST  DAY. 

We  will  make  the  City  Hall  our  starting  point,  for  the  reason  that  it  is  one  of  the 
most  central,  as  well  as  one  of  th/3  most  prominent,  structures  in  the  city.  This  build- 
ing and  the  Cook  County  Court  House,  adjoining,  stand  upon  the  site  of  the  first  Court 
House  erected  in  Chicago,  and  also,  upon  the  site  of  the  Court  House  destroyed  in  the 
great  fire  of  1871.  The  old  Court  House  stood  ia  the  center  of  the  block,  and  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  green  lawn,  in  the  nature  of  a  park.  It  was  a  handsome  building  as 
buildings  went  in  those  days,  and  had  a  tower  in  which  there  was  a  clock  and  a  great 


THE   GUIDE.  5G3 

bell.  This  bell  rang  out  in  doleful  peal8  on  the  fatal  Sunday  night  in  October,  1871, 
almost  up  to  the  moment  the  tower  became  enveloped  in  flames.  After  the  fire  the 
bruised  and  battered  bell  was  taken  from  the  ruins  by  an  enterprising  firm  and  worked 
up  into  souvenirs— watch  charms,  breast  pins,  etc.,  which  found  a  ready  sale  and  com- 
manded good  prices.  So  great  was  the  demand  that  several  hundred  tons  of  old  bell 
metal  were  consumed  in  supplying  it  before  the  intelligent  public  began  to  suspect 
that  there  was  anything  wrong.  The  foundations  of  the  new  Court  House  were  laid 
in  1876.  The  labor  troubles  incident  to  the  hard  times  in  1877  induced  the  city  govern- 
ment to  begin  work  on  the  City  Hall  in  that  year.  The  building  was  commenced  under 
the  administration  of  Mayor  Heath  and  finished  under  the  administration  of  Mayor 
Harrison.  It  is  a  stately  pile,  as  you  perceive,  and  its  architecture  would  be  called 
Grecian  by  a  person  not  over  particular  in  regard  to  such  matters.  Although  its  gen- 
eral style  has  been  subjected  to  much  severe  criticism,  it  is  something  in  its  favor  to 
say  that,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  magnificent  piles  which  have  been  erected  in 
its  neighborhood  during  recent  years,  it  is  still  the  most  striking  and,  altogether,  the 
handsomest  structure  in  the  city.  These  remarks  are  applicable,  of  course,  to  the 
Court  House,  which  in  design  and  finish  differs  very  little  from  the  City  Hall.  If  any- 
thing, the  Court  House  is  a  little  the  handsomer  of  the  two,  because  the  city  was 
retrenching  when  the  City  Hall  was  being  constructed,  and  a  number  of  costly  details 
which  entered  into  the  Court  House  were  dropped.  The  City  Hall  building  as  it  is 
to-day  cost,  exclusive  of  the  ground  upon  which  it  stands,  very  nearly  $1,800,000.  The 
cost  of  the  Court  House  exceeds  this  figure  by  nearly  $1,000,000,  but  that  much 
money  additional  didn't  go  into  the  structure.  A  great  part  of  it  was  used  in  bribery, 
in  election  expenses  and  in  riotous  living.  If  the  walls  could  speak  they  would  tell  the 
story  of  the  most  corrupt  period  in  the  history  of  Cook  cou  ty  politics.  Some  of  the 
living  ex-county  commissioners,  by  the  way,  could,  if  they  felt  inclined,  tell  it  just  as 
well.  But  this  is  a  digression.  The  City  Hall  occupies  half  the  block  bounded  by 
Washington  st.  on  the  south,  Randolph  st.  on  the  north,  La  Salle  st.  on  the  west,  and 
Clark  st.  on  the  east.  We  enter  it  from  the  Washington  st.  side,  passing  into  the 
tunnel-like  corridor  which  runs  the  entire  length  of  the  basement  from  Washington 
to  Randolph  st.  The  first  offices  to  our  left  are  those  occupied  by 

The  Health  Department.— Here  the  Commissioner  of  Health,  a  gentleman  appointed 
by  the  Mayor,  is  in  charge.  He  has  a  large  and  expensive  corps  of  assistants,  as  you 
have  learned  from  this  volume  already,  and  from  these  rooms  the  sanitary  condition 
of  the  city  is  supposed  to  be  regulated.  The  Health  Department  looks  after  our  back- 
yards, our  back  alleys  and  our  back  streets,  where  nobody  else  appears  to  be  inter- 
ested. It  also  takes  a  peep  into  our  great  factories,  sees  that  work-shops  are  not  over 
crowded,  and  protects  the  better  classes  from  infection  arising  out  of  the  districts 
occupied  by  the  other  classes.  It  also  vaccinates  us  on  demand,  and  sends  us  to  the 
small-pox  hospital  at  times,  if  we  have  neglected  the  modern  precaution  of  inocula- 
tion. But  small-pox  in  Chicago  is  very  rare,  and  the  "  pest  house  "  keeper  of  late  years 
has  been  living  a  life  of  ease  and  drawing  the  salary  of  a  sinecure.  If  you  will  step 
inside  they  will  tell  you  that  Chicago  is  the  healthiest  city  on  earth.  Only  eighteen  out 
of  every  thousand  of  us  die  or  get  run  over  or  fall  down  elevator  shafts  every  year. 
Just  across  the  corridor  to  your  left  is 

The  City  Detective  Office.— The  people,  and  more  especially  the  newspapers,  of  Chi- 
cago are  inclined  to  be  cynical.  You  will  probably  hear  that  the  city  detectives  are 
organized  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  criminals  to  escape,  and  that  the  safest  place 
for  a  thief  is  under  the  very  nose  of  one  of  the  municipal  sleuths,  but  you  must  pay 
no  attention  to  this  kind  of  talk,  for,  while  the  detectives  capture  thousands  of  rogues 
every  year,  they  are  seldom  spoken  of  unless  in  connection  with  the  escape  of  some 


564  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

criminal.  The  city  detectives  do  a  great  deal  of  really  creditable  work  every  year  that 
the  public  is  never  informed  of.  The  real  clever  men  in  the  detective  department  are 
modest  and  unknown,  so  that  when  somebody  points  out  to  you  on  the  street  a  person 
with  the  make-up  of  a  Vidoq  and  calls  him  one  of  the  shrewdest  sleuths  on  the  force, 
you  may  assume  that  this  person  is  a  detective  for  parade  purposes  only.  Inside  the 
detective  department  is  the  "  sweat-box,"  where  criminals  or  suspected  criminals  are 
subjected  to  the  "  pumping  "  process  before  they  are  regularly  committed.  Some  out- 
rages have  been  committed  in  this  same  "  sweat-box,"  and  it  isn't  popular  with  the 
people.  It  smacks  of  the  inquisition,  and  the  methods  sometimes  pursued  in  "  pump- 
ing" prisoners  are  repugnant  to  the  American  idea  of  fair  play.  The  detectives  dress  in 
plain  clothing.  They  are  generally  picked  from  the  police  force  proper  and  are  pre- 
sumed to  be  intelligent  men.  Across  the  corridor  to  the  left  is  the 

Central  Detail  Station.— This  is  in  reality  a  sub-station  of  the  First  Precinct,  but  at 
the  same  time,  by  reason  of  its  situation,  is  the  most  important  police  station  in  the 
city.  In  olden  times— that  is,  about  twenty -five  years  ago— when  Lake  st.  was  the 
leading  retail  thoroughfare  of  the  city,  the  handsomest  men  on  the  police  force  were 
detailed  for  duty  upon  its  crossings.  These  men  composed  what  came  to  be  known 
as  "The  Lake  Street  Squad."  Later  on,  as  the  city  grew  and  other  streets  became  as 
great  as  Lake  and  .even  greater,  additional  details  of  a  like  character  were  drawn  from 
the  force  proper.  Then  the  ralroad  depots  and  bridges  demanded  men.  Finally  the 
various  squads  were  consolidated  into  the  Central  Detail.  The  police  of  this  detail 
perform  day  duty  in  the  center  of  the  city,  exclusively.  They  have  charge  of  the 
bridges,  railroad  depots  public  places  generally  and  street  crossings.  In  the  night 
they  are  relieved  by  patrolmen  from  the  First  Precinct  Station.  There  is  a  procession 
of  visitors  to  the  Central  Detail  Station  all  day  long.  The  great  majority  of  minor 
crimes  are  committed  in  the  business  district.  Pick-pockets,  sneak  thieves,  confidence 
men,  etc.,  arrested  by  the  detectives,  are  brought  in  here.  Here  also  reports  are 
received  from  all  the  precinct  stations.  We  are  shown  into 

The  Repor  ters'  Boom— Where  reporters  of  the  city  press  may  be  found  from  morn 
to  midnight  and  from  midnight  till  rosy  morn,  waiting  and  watching  for  the  reports 
which  come  over  the  telephone,  or  are  handed  in  by  special  messengers  from  the  various 
precinct  stations.  Here  the  first  news  of  accidents,  murders  and  crimes  generally  is 
received.  When  a  crime  or  accident  of  unusual  importance  is  reported  the  represen- 
tatives of  the  press  immediately  notify  their  city  editors  by  telephone,  and  are  relieved 
of  further  responsibility,  as  men  are  dispatched  from  the  newspaper  offices  to  the  scene 
of  the  occurrence.  Minor  affairs  only,  as  a  rule,  are  followed  up  by  the  police  report- 
ers, who  are  expect  d  to  remain  at  or  near  their  posts  constantly  until  relieved.  Many 
of  the  leading  journalists  of  the  city  have  begun  as  police  reporiers.  The  Central 
Station  is  a  great  school  for  newspaper  men,  as  there  is  an  opportunity  here  of  becom- 
ing acquainted  with  every  phase  of  metropolitan  existence.  Along  the  corridor  various 
other  offices  are  devoted  to  the  affairs  of  the  police  department,  but  the  work  done  is 
principally  clerical  and  uninteresting.  To  our  left  as  we  move  toward  the  north  are  the 

Fire  Alarm  Offices.— These  are  interesting  to  visitors.  Here  all  alarms  of  fire  are 
received,  and  from  these  offices  all  alarms  are  sounded  on  the  gongs  of  the  numerous 
engine-houses  and  the  alarm  bells  of  the  city.  The  apparatus  as  you  see  is  beautiful ; 
its  operation  is  marvelous.  At  first  sight,  all  those  instruments  of  shining  brass  and 
nickel,  ever  maintained  at  the  highest  state  of  polish,  may  appear  complicated,  but  to 
the  operators  they  are  simplicity  itself.  While  you  are  looking  on,  the  simple  turning 
of  a  switch  may  arouse  the  entire  fire  department,  and  for  that  matter  the  entire  city; 
but  you  have  no  knowledge  that  perhaps  a  neighborhood  is  in  a  stat^  of  panic,  for  the 
silent  fluttering  of  a  hand  on  one  of  the  dials  or  the  almost  imperceptible  clicking  of  an 


THE  GUIDE.  565 

instrument  no  larger  than  your  hat  are  meaningless  to  you.  While  the  fire  department  is 
buttling  with  the  "demon  destroyer,"  as  the  country  reporter  loves  to  call  it,  and  a 
howling,  crazy  mob  is  being  held  in  check  by  the  police,  the  operator  sits  here  in  peace 
and  quiet,  waiting  for  the  "out"  signal,  which  is  sometimes  too  long  delayed  for  the 
good  of  the  public  and  the  happiness  of  the  fire  insurance  companies.  We  can  spend 
an  hour  in  here  very  pleasantly  and  very  profitably,  if  the  operators  are  not  too  busy 
to  talk.  We  walk  to  the  end  -of  the  corridor,  ascend  one  flight  of  stairs  to  the  first 
floor,  and  move  toward  the  south  along  a  higher  and  a  brighter  corridor.  To  our  left 
is  the 

City  Collector's  Office— Where  clerical  work  only  is  performed,  the  city  collector 
being  a  person  who  has  much  to  do  with  licenses,  brewers  and  saloon-keepers,  but 
across  the  hall  ere 

The  Water  Offices— Several  in  number,  and  all  more  or  less  crowded  during  business 
hours.  Here  we  pay  our  water  rates,  make  complaints  about  leakages,  arrange  for 
supplies,  etc.  Turn  back  to  "  Water  Works  "  in  this  book,  notice  the  revenues  of  the 
department,  and  you  will  comprehend  what  an  immense  amount  of  business  all  these 
clerks  transact  every  day.  A  little  further  on  are  the  offices  of  the 

Department  rf  Public  Works,— Here  the  entire  machinery  connected  with  the  public 
works  of  thaoity  of  Chicago  is  operated.  This  includes  so  much  that  it  would  require 
half  a  day  to  tell  you  all  about  it.  The  Public  Works  Department,  however,  cares 
for  our  streets,  our  sewers,  our  bridges,  our  viaducts,  etc.;  besides,  it  plans  and  executes 
all  improvements,  and  supervises  the  operation  of  corporations,  such  as  street  car  com- 
panies, gas  companies,  electric  companies,  etc.,  whenever  these  corporations  are  granted 
franchises  to  tear  up  or  occupy  our  streets,  and  that  means  a  great  deal  more  than  you 
will  be  able  to  understand  during  a  brief  visit  to  Chicago,  for  private  corporations 
are  granted  privileges  here  that  they  would  not  dare  ask  perhaps  in  the  city  you 
came  from.  Turning  to  the  left,  into  the  passage  leading  toward  the  Court  House,  we 
come  to 

Police  Headquarters— Where  we  find  the  superintendent,  assistant  superintendent 
and  other  general  officers  of  the  force.  From  these  offices  the  police  department  is 
managed,  and,  generally  speaking,  well  managed.  Passing  along  we  come  to  room 
32,  the 

Mayor's  Offices.— There  is  a  large  outer  office  and  a  smaller  inner  office.  In  the 
former  we  find  one  of  the  Mayor's  private  secretaries,  and  it  depends  entirely  on  the 
disposition  of  this  young  man  whether  we  find  the  Mayor  in  the  latter.  If  this  privi- 
lege is  accorded  us,  we  tind  a  man  of  the  ordinary  Chicago  stamp— a  business  man,  per- 
haps, or  a  business  man  turned  politician.  He  is  not  robed  in  scarlet,  norwigged  in 
tow.  He  wears  a  business  suit,  has  on  a  business  smile,  and  gives  us  a  business  salutation. 
Although  the  chief  executive  officer  of  one  of  the  grandest  cities  in  the  world,  he  may, 
if  his  digestion  be  good  to-day,  shake  you  by  the  hand  like  an  ordinary  mortal.  For  it 
is  one  of  our  prime  characteristics  in  this  glorious  country  to  seem  less  than  we  are. 
We  can  be  dignified  without  being  insolent.  This  is  something  the  small  officials  of 
your  European  cities  have  yet  to  learn.  The  Mayor  of  Chicago  is  a  busy  man.  Let  us 
leave  him.  Next  door  is 

The  Comptroller's  Office— Where  the  finances  of  the  city  are  accounted  and  kept  m 
order.  The  comptroller,  though  not  the  custodian  of  public  money,  is  supposed  to 
know  just  where  it  is,  what  the  city's  resources  are,  how  its  credit  stands,  etc.,  etc. 
Across  the  hall  from  him  are  the 

City  Clerk's  Offices— Where  the  accounts  of  the  municipality  in  all  their  multi- 
formity are  supposed  to  be  accurately  kept.  Up  another  flight  of  stairs  and  we  are 
on  the  Second  Floor,  where  we  find  offices  given  over  to  the  various  bureaus  of  the 


566  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Public  Works  Department,  Sewers,  Drains,  Buildings,  Maps,  etc.,  etc.,  and  in  the 
lateral  corridor  are  two  court  rooms,  occupied  by  a  Superior  and  Circuit  judge,  retpect- 
ively.  The  floor  above  is  given  up  partly  to  the  Law  department,  and  partly  to 

The  Public  School  Department.— Here  is  the  Board  of  Education  Chamber,  the 
superintendent's  office,  the  manager's  office,  the  secretary's  office,  etc.  We  can  get 
here  a  great  deal  of  information  about  our  public  school  system.  There  are  offices  on 
this  floor  also  for  the  accommodation  of  special  teachers  in  mus'c.  drawing,  etc.  A 
large  chamber  on  this  floor  is  also  reserved  for  the  Board  of  Election  Commissioners. 
On  the  Fourth  Floor  is 

The  Council  Chamber— A  large  and  handsome  assembly  room,  where  the  sixty- 
eight  aldermen  meet  and  legislate  for  the  people.  The  remainder  of  this  floor  is  occu- 
pied by 

The  Public  Library,  which  is  described  in  this  book.  We  will  be  able  to  spend  the 
remainder  of  the  day  very  pleasantly  here,  if  we  can  interest  the  librarian  or  one  of 
his  assistants  in  our  behalf*  There  are  more  books  circulated  by  this  library  now  than 
by  any  other  in  the  United  States,  not  even  excepting  Boston's.  The  collection  of 
books  is  very  complete  and  is  being  added  to  annually.  At  the  present  rate  of  increase 
we  will  have  one  of  the  largest  libraries  in  the  world  within  a  very  few  years.  I  have  not 
called  your  attention  to  the  crowds  in  the  City  Hall,  because  it  wasn't  necessary.  You 
have  been  jostled  by  them  at  every  stage  of  our  trip.  What  so  many  men  are  doing 
here  all  daylong  I  can't  tell  you,  because  I  don't  know.  But  they  are  to  be  found 
here  every  day,  hanging  around  the  corridors,  with  no  apparent  aim  in  life,  and,  judg- 
ing from  the  faces  of  most  of  them,  without  much  hope  in  a  hereafter.  A  great  many 
of  them  are  political  "wire-pullers,"  "workers  in  the  wards,"  " friends "  of  the  office 
holders,  etc.  The  fact  that  they  have  some  connection  in  some  mysterious  way  with 
men  occupying  influential  positions  prevents  the  police  from  arresting  them  on 
charges  of  vagrancy. 

SECOND   DAY. 

We  meet  again  at  the  City  Hall,  and,  if  you  wish,  we  will  take  a  look  at  the  cells  in 
the  basement,  also  at  the  collection  of  stolen  goods  in  the  hands  of  the  custodian. 
This  will  not  require  much  time,  because  the  cells  are  not  very  numerous  here  nor 
is  the  custodian's  collection  particularly  interesting.  We  will  go  over  to  the  Court 
House,  entering  this  building  also  from  the  Washington  street  side.  And  here  it 
might  be  remarked  that  the  main  entrance  to  the  Court  House  is  up  a  flight  of  granite 
steps  in  the  center  of  the  structure  on  Clark  street.  The  main  entrance  to  the  City 
Hall  is  by  a  similar  flight  of  steps  on  La  Salle  street.  Both  entrances  are  grand  in  pro- 
portion and  beautiful  in  design.  But  it  is  more  convenient  to  begin  at  the  very  bot- 
tom. We  enter  another  tunnel-like  corridor,  and,  before  proceeding  farther,  I  might 
as  well  tell  you  that  the  entire  building  is  occupied  by  the  various  county  officers  and 
courts;  that,  immense  as  it  is,  it  fails  to  accommodate  all  of  them,  some  of  the  offices 
and  courts  being  located  in  the  Criminal  Court  building  on  the  North  Side,  and  that 
two  additional  stories  are  to  be  put  on  this  building  before  the  close  of  1892.  How  it 
will  look  with  two  more  stories  I  don't  know.  It  is  claimed  that  the  symmetry  of  the 
structure  will  be  destroyed.  Certain  it  is  that  if  two  stories  are  not  also  added  to  the 
City  Hall  the  latter  building  will  present  an  extremely  dumpy  and  unsatisfactory 
appearance.  The  original  design  was  never  carried  out.  There  was  to  be  a  great 
dome  over  the  united  buildings.  The  city  and  county  failed  to  agree  to  the  expendi- 
ture of  the  requisite  money,  and  the  dome  was  dropped  out.  With  a  six-story  Court 
House  and  a  four-story  City  Hall,  of  course  a  dome  in  the  future  will  be  out  of  the 
question,  unless  the  City  Hall  side  of  it  is  to  be  supported  on  props.  Tljis  might  be 
picturesque,  but  it  would  hardly  be  considered  in  the  light  of  anartistic  triumph.  Yet. 


THE   GUIDE.  567 

Chicago  has  passed  through  so  many  ordeals  unscathed  that  we  have  reason  to  hope 
that  the  Cou.t  House-City  Hall  question  will  be  settled  to  everybody's  satisfaction  in 
the  end.  Passing  a  number  of  uninteresting  county  offices  we  come  to  the 

County  Recorder's  Office  -Where  all  transfers  of  real  property  in  Cook  county  are 
registered.  As  settlement  of  questions  of  ownership  must  finally  be  determined  by 
the  records  of  this  office,  its  importance  will  be  understood.  The  great  fire  of  1871 
destroyed  a'.l  the  records  of  Cook  county,  and  it  was  a  herculean  task  to  restore  Ihem. 
The  most  important  of  these  records,  of  course,  were  those  upon  which  the  owner- 
ship of  real  estate  was  established,  or  proved.  Many  thousands  of  deeds  were  also 
lost  in  the  great  fire,  so  that  endless  confusion  and  litigation  might  have  resulted  had 
there  not  been  in  existence  here  private  institutions  which  kept  abstracts  of  all  land 
or  real  estate  titles.  [See  Abstracts  of  Title.]  These  assisted  very  materially  in 
straightening  things  out,  and  with  the  aid  of  experts  in  the  business  the  county  was 
soon  in  possession  once  more  of  complete  records.  The  business  of  the  Recorder's 
office  is  extremely  dry  and  tedious,  yet  you  will  be  interested  in  watching  the  people 
who  are  constantly  handing  in  deeds  and  mortgages  through  a  little  window  to  be 
recorded,  and  constantly  receiving  them  through  another  little  window  after  they  have 
been  recorded.  Most  of  them  are  lawyers,  lawyers'  clerks,  r«al  estate  dealers  and 
money  brokers.  Passing  other  offices  of  minor  importance,  we  come  to  those  occu- 
pied by 

The  Sheriff—  At  the  extreme  northeasterly  corner  of  the  building.  The  sheriff  is 
elected  bv  the  people,  as  perhaps  you  know,  and  has  the  peace  and  good  older  of  the 
county  in  his  especial  ch  trge.  Yet,  as  the  city  of  Chicago  covers  the  greater  part  of 
the  county  just  now,  or,  at  least,  the  most  important  part  of  it,  the  police  duties  of  the 
sheriff  are  rather  limited.  He  looks  after  the  jail  and  the  courts,  his  deputies  being, 
as  it  were,  like  the  sand  on  the  sea-shore.  The  bailiffs  are  his  underlings,  and  the  liti- 
gant is  his  victim.  From  the  sheriff's  offices  all  summonses  of  the  State  courts  are 
served.  One  of  the  duties  of  this  official  is  to  hang  a  man,  for  example's  sake,  period- 
ically. But  he  does  this  by  contract,  as  he  does  nearly  everything  else,  from  the  feed- 
ing of  jail  prisoners  to  the  suppression  of  public  tumults.  In  the  basement,  near  the 
sheriff's  office,  we  also  find 

The  Coroner's  Office.—  The  coroner  has  a  number  of  deputies  [see  Coroner's 
Inquests],  and  in  a  big  city  like  Chicago  they  are  all  naturally  kept  busy.  There  are 
sudden  deaths,  suicides,  deaths  from  accident,  homicides  and  murders  to  be  investi- 
gated, and  the  coroner  and  his  deputies  must  be  on  hand  before  the  funerals  take 
place.  The  deputies  must  be  acquainted  with  all  languages  and  must  speak  many  of 
them,  the  English  tongue,  strange  as  it  may  appear,  being  the  least  requisite  in  the 
transaction  of  their  business.  This  might  be  explained  easily  by  saying  that  the  great 
majority  of  the  working  people  of  the  city,  among  whom  accidents  are  the  most  fre- 
quent, are  foreigners.  Climbing  a  flight  of  stairs  we  reach  the  first,  or  main  floor  of 
the  Court  House.  Here 

The  County  Clerk's  Office  invites  our  attention,  because  of  the  multitude  of  clerks 
we  see  inside  nearly  every  one  of  whom  wears  a  light  blonde  moustache.  The  fact  that 
the  county  clerk  is  invariably  a  German  or  an  Irishman,  perhaps  accounts  for  this. 
The  clerks  are  nice  young  men,  as  a  rule,  and  will  answer  any  questions  you  may  put 
to  them,  if  they  understand  your  language.  In  the  county  clerk's  office  we  find  the 
marriage  license  clerk.  [See  Marriage  License*.]  It  will  be  interesting  to  remain  here 
an  hour  and  take  note  of  the  persons  who  apply  for  legal  permission  to  wed.  Most  of 
them  are  gawky  young  men.  Why  they  should  be  gawky  it  is  hard  to  say,  but  a 
young  man  who  is  naturally  easy  in  his  manner  becomes  a  gawk  when  he  has  any  busi- 
ness of  this  kind  on  hand.  He  isn't  used  to  it,  and  he  is  afraid  that  something  will 


5G8  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

happen  to  prevent  the  consummation  of  his  wishes.  Many  are  widowers  who  are  will 
ing-  to  take  another  risk,  and  not  a  few  are  men  who  have  oeen  divorced  for  cause.  He 
is  a  very  rare  sort  of  man  who  can  not  somehow,  somewhere  or  sometime  find  a  mate, 
and  we  see  here  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  male  humanity— from  the  bandy-legged 
to  i  he  hump-backed— who  have  proposed  and  have  been  accepted.  Our  next  stopping 
place  is 

The  County  Treasurer's  Office.— I  will  have  to  ask  you  to  refer  to  the  index  that  you 
may  acquaint  yourself  with  the  condition  of  Cook  county  finances.  This  is  no  place 
for  dry  details,  nor  for  figures.  We  pay  our  taxes  here;  we  pay  a  great  deal  of  money 
into  the  County  Treasurer's  hands  for  taxes  every  year,  and  he  pays  a  great  deal  out 
to  meet  the  current  and  other  expenses  of  county  government.  If  all  the  money 
received  and  paid  out  had  been  honestly  applied  duricg  the  past  twenty-five 
years,  we  might  have  had  a  gold-burnished  dome  on  the  top  of  the  City  Hall  and 
Court  House  buildings  to-day,  besides  a  number  of  other  things  equally  desirable  if 
not  quite  so  ornamental.  But  the  tax-payers  are  not  grumbling.  In  view  of  all  the 
circumstances  they  congratulate  themselves  that  even  a  small  percentage  of  the 
revenue  has  been  used  for  public  purposes.  Of  late  years  the  stealing'  has  not  been 
so  great,  principally  because  the  opportunities  have  not  been  so  numerous.  The 
County  Treasurer's  office  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  Court  House,  for  here 
we  find  people  who  have,  by  honest  toil  and  industry,  secured  solid  property,  cheer- 
fully, though  not  voluntarily,  contributing  their  share  towards  the  payment  of  public 
expenses.  Men  and  women,  old  and  young,  are  here,  native  and  foreigner,  with  their 
tax  bills  in  one  hand  and  their  purses  or  rolls  of  money  in  the  other,  awaiting  their 
turn  in  the  long  lines  that  radiate  from  the  different  windows.  Going  up  another 
flight  of  stairs  we  find  ourselves  among 

The  Courts.— Including  the  County  and  Probate  courts  there  are  nineteen  halls  of 
justice  in  the  Court  House.  Some  of  these  are  Superior  and  some  Circuit  courts.  The 
difference  between  them  you  would  not  appreciate  if  told.  They  have  practically 
equal  jurisdiction.  Only  the  civil  courts,  however,  are  held  here.  The  criminal 
courts  are  held  on  the  North  Side  in  the  Criminal  Court  building.  The  court  rooms, 
together  with  the  Superiorjand  Circuit  court  clerk's  offices,  occupy  the  second,  third 
and  fourth  floors  of  the  Court  House.  The  court  rooms  are  all  handsomely  finished. 
They  are  generally  crowded.  If  you  see  one  you  see  all.  Saturday  is  given  over  to 
divorce  cases  in  the  Superior  courts,  and,  if  your  taste  lies  in  that  direction,  you  might 
spend  a  highly  enjoyable  day  listening  to  the  testimony  and  looking  at  the  complain- 
ants, witnesses  and  other  spectators.  The  court  crowd  is  always  a  motley  one,  and 
mostly  a  rather  interesting  one.  There  are  men  and  women  who,  like  little  Miss 
Flight,  spend  day  after  day  in  these  courts,  with  no  other  object  in  view  than  the  satis- 
faction of  an  insane  or  an  idle  curiosity.  They  will  listen  to  the  dreariest  testimony 
with  a  degree  of  interest  that  fills  the  wearied  juror  and  jaded  judge  with  shame.  On 
the  top  floor  of  this  building  is  the  Law  Library  [see  Law  Institute], -which  is  well 
stocked  with  legal  literature  and  works  of  reference  for  the  common  use  of  members 
of  the  bar.  We  will  look  through  the  courts,  and,  if  you  wish,  listen  to  some  of  the 
testimony  or  to  the  monotonous  drawl  of  some  attorney  who  is  citing  17  New  York 
438,  or  U  Arkansas  139,  and  after  that  you  will  be  tired  enough  to  go  home.  I'll  meet 
you  on  the  La  Salle  street  steps  of  the  City  Hall  in  the  morning. 

THIRD  DAY. 

To-day  I  propose  that  we  shall  begin  on  Lake  street  and  walk  pouth  on  La  Salle 
street  toward  the  Board  of  Trade  We  will  not  be  able  to  reach  that  building  by 
night,  for  there  will  be  many  attractions  to  detain  us  on  the  way— among  them  some 
of  the  grandest  and  greatest  buildings  on  the  globe.  But  we  can  begin  to-morrow 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH,  PULLMAN,  CHICAGO. 

[See  "Great  Industries."] 


THE    GUIDE.  569 

where  we  leave  off  this  evening.  La  Salle  is  now  and  has  been  for  many  years  the 
money  street  of  the  city.  It  is  a  street  given  over  almost  exclusively  to  banking, 
brokerage,  insurance,  real  estate  and  general  office  purposes.  Dearborn  street  is  its 
only  rival.  It  is  safe  to  say,  that  there  is  a  greater  amount  of  business  transacted  on 
La  Salle  than  on  any  street  in  the  city.  All  this  business,  outside  of  the  transactions  in 
the  Board  of  Trade,  is  done  in  offices,  and  to  meet  the  demand  for  offices  the  immense 
and  elegant  structures  which  line  the  street  on  either  side  were  erected.  Before 
reaching  these,  however,  we  must  notice 

The  Marine  Building.— On  the  northeast  corner  of  Lake  and  La  Salle,  not  so  much 
on  account  of  its  size  or  beauty,  but  because  of  the  associations  connected  with  it. 
The  building  was  originally  erected  to  accommodate  "  The  Marine  Bank,"  at  one  time 
a  great  financial  institution,  at  the  head  of  which  was  the  late  John  Young  Scam- 
mon.  Mr.  Scammon  came  out  of  the  great  fire  with  wealth,  went  heavily  into  real 
estate  operations,  purchased  a  newspaper,  was  interested  in  every  enterprise  of  import- 
ance, and  went  under  in  the  panic  of  1873,  when  the  Marine  bank  failed,  and  his  prop- 
erty was  scattered  to  the  four  winds.  Before  his  death,  however,  he  had  recovered 
from  the  blow,  and  regained  a  great  part  of  his  fortune.  The  building,  which  has 
recently  been  enlarged  and  reconstructed,  is  owned  by  the  Marine  Association,  which 
is  composed  of  Charles  L.  Hutchison,  Henry  C.  Durand,  John  H.  Dwight  and  C.  H. 
Hamill.  It  is  a  seven-story  structure,  architecturally  ornate  and  perfect  in  all  its 
appointments  and  conveniences.  To  our  right,  near  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  we 
come  upon  a  three-story  building,  No.  49,  under  the  cornice  of  which  we  see  the  name 
Jackson  Hall.— This  was  "  Long  "  John  Wentworth's  contribution  to  the  rebuilding 
of  Chicago.  It  will  not  be  deemed  unkind  to  the  memory  of  the  dead,  but  rather  the 
statement  of  an  historical  fact,  when  I  tell  you  that  perhaps  there  has  never  lived  in 
Chicago  a  man  with  the  means  of  doing  much  within  his  grasp  who  did  less  for  the 
material  benefit  of  the  city  than  "  Long  "  John  Wentworth.  And  it  would  not  be 
worth  while  to  speak  of.  this  here  were  it  not  for  the  other  historical  fact  that  during 
the  greater  part  of  his  life-time  "  Long  "  John  Wentworth  talked  like  a  man  who  had 
built  this  city  at  his  own  expense  and  presented  it,  ready-made,  to  the  public.  On 
the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  across  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  is  the  Metropolitan 
block,  a  fine  building  of  the  fire  period,  but  hardly  up  to  the  present  standard.  Just 
over  the  way,  No.  48,  is  the  office  of  the  Spalding  Lumber  Company.  Here  you 
will  see,  at  his  desk  in  a  little  ante-room,  the  Hon.  Jesse  Spalding,  millionaire  lumber- 
man, formerly  collector  of  this  port ;  at  present  one  of  the  government  directors  of  the 
Union  Pacific  railroad,  and  a  man  of  great  prominence  and  large  influence  on  the 
republican  side  of  politics.  A  plain  man  is  "  Uncle  Jesse,"  as  he  is  familiarly  called, 
and  as  hard  a  worker  as  you  will  find  on  the  street.  "  Uncle  Jesse  "  and  Uncle  "  Phil " 
Armour— the  20-millionaire,  whom  we  will  see  farther  down— are  great  chums  and 
mutual  admirers.  A  genuine  regard,  bordering  upon  schoolboy  affection,  exists 
between  them.  These  two  men  might  have  left  off  work  ten  years  ago  with  fortunes 
large  enough  to  make  themselves  and  their  families  comfortat.le  during  all  the  years 
of  their  lives,  but  they  are  happier  at  their  desks  than  they  could  possibly  be  any- 
where else.  On  our  right,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Randolph  street,  is  the  remod- 
eled Lafayette  building,  where  you  will  find  a  number  of  ocean  steamship  agencies 
.and  the  French  consul.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  for  an  entire  block,  is 
the  La  Salle  street  front  of  the  City  Hall.  To  your  right,  on  the  corner  of  the  alley, 
is  the 

Merchants'  National  Bank— which  occupies  a  building  made  notorious  in  1877  by 
the  failure  of  the  State  Savings  Institution,  of  which  D.  D.  Spencer  was  president. 
The  failure  of  this  bank  caused  great  distress  among  a  very  large  number  of  indus- 


570  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

trious  working  people,  and  resulted  in  two  or  three  suicides.  Spencer  fled  to  Europe, 
and  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  Stuttgart  for  several  years.  He  returned  to  Chicago 
recently,  a  broken-down  man.  The  failure  of  the  State  Savings  Institution  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  closing  of  the  Fidelity  Savings  Bank,  the  Merchants',  Farmers'  and 
Mechanics'  ("  Bee  Hive  ")  Savings  Bank,  and  some  others,  and  brought  savings  institu- 
tions generally  into  disrepute.  The  bank  at  present  occupying  the  building  is  one  of 
the  most  substantial  in  the  country.  [See  Merchants'  National  Bank.]  On  the 
northwest  corner  of  Washington  street  is  the  Merchants'  building,  in  which  is  located 
the 

National  Bank  of  America—one  of  our  leading  tanking  houses.  [See  National 
Bank  of  America.]  The  Merchants' building  was  erected  shortly  after  the  fire,  when 
sandstone  was  the  favorite  building  material,  and  when  it  was  customary  to  carry  the 
main  floor  to  some  height  above  the  street  level.  It  was  one  of  the  finest  buildings  in 
the  city  until  the  new  era  of  architecture  set  in.  Directly  across  Washington  street, 
on  the  next  corner  to  our  right,  is  the 

Union  Buildin  g.— This  structure  is  one  of  the  most  familiar  in  the  city,  because  it  is 
occupied  in  part  as  the  central  office  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 
Here  are  to  be  found  the  Atlas  National  Bank,  the  State  Bank  of  Illinois  (Felsenthal, 
Gross  &  Miller)  and  the  International  Bank— all  reputable  financial  concerns.  On  the 
second  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Western  Associated  Press,  from  which  news  is  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  country.  On  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  floors  are  the  general 
offices  and  operating  rooms  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  The  head- 
quarters of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri  were  located  on  the  fourth  floor  of 
this  building  for  many  years,  and  Gen.  Phil  Sheridan  occupied  the  corner  room  of  that 
story  facing  Washington  and  La  Salle  sts.,  from  the  completion  of  the  building  after 
the  fire  until  his  assumption  of  the  generalship  of  the  army.  The  Union  National 
Bank  occupied  the  corner  of  the  first  floor  for  a  number  of  years,  and  it  was  during 
this  time  that  W.  F.  Coolbaugh,  its  president,  committed  suicide  at  the  foot  of  the 
Douglas  monument.  Across  the  street,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Washington  and  La 
Salle,  is  the  famous 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building.—  This  structure  occupies  the  site  of  the  old 
Chamber  of  Commerce  which  was  erected  immediately  after  the  fire  and  which  was 
occupied  by  the  Board  of  Trade  until  the  great  commercial  edifice  at  the  foot  of  the 
street  was  completed.  The  new  Chamber  of  Commerce  building  is  in  many  respects 
the  finest  commercial  structure  in  the  world  and  certainly  one  of  the  grandest  office 
buildings  in  the  United  States.  The  property  upon  which  itstands  cost  $650,000,  and  the 
building  itself  has  cost  Messrs.  Hannah,  Lay  £  Company^the  owners,  over  $1,000,000. 
Standing  upon  the  mosaic  floor  on  the  first  story  in  the  center  of  the  bui'ding,  throw- 
ing back  your  head  and  looking  up,  you  will  see  twelve  balconies  with  their  bronzed 
railings  rising  in  perfect  symmetry  above  you..  Away  at  the  top  and  crowning  this 
grand  central  court  is  probably  the  largest  skylight  in  the  world.  It  is  a  plate-glass 
arch  thirty-five  feet  wide  and  1C8  feet  long,  and  its  weight  is  supported  on  iron  and 
copper  frames  which  rest  upon  iron*  trusses.  The  frame  is  bronzed  and  finished  hand- 
somely. Through  this  mammoth  window  in  the  roof  a  perfect  flood  of  light  penetrates 
the  central  court,  so  that  the  interior  of  the  building  is  almost  as  brightly  illuminated 
as  the  exterior  during  the  day.  As  you  look  up,  if  your  neck  will  bear  the  strain,  you 
will  notice  that  not  a  post  or  a  pillar  is  visible  along  the  sides  or  between  the  twelve 
balconies,  other  than  those  at  the  north  and  south  ends,  the  intervening  stretch  being 
perfectly  clear  and  free  from  obstruction. 

The  twelve  balconies  are  supported  on  the  cantilever  principle.  There  are  500 
office  rooms  in  this  structure,  every  one  of  which  is  perfectly  lighted.  The  thir- 


THE  GUIDE.  571 

teenth  floor  is  finished  as  handsomely  as  the  first.  You  will  notice  that  the  marble 
used  in  the  wainscoting  from  top  to  bottom  is  perfectly  matched,  the  grain  running 
through  from  slab  to  slab  as  perfectly  as  it  did  in  its  native  Italian  quarry.  All  of 
this  marble  was  quarried  in  Italy  and  finished  in  Belgium  for  this  building.  The 
mosaic  floors  contain  billions  of  separate  marble  blocks,  and  present  a  beautiful  as 
well  as  a  novel  sight  to  the  visitor.  The  ceiling  of  the  main  entrance  is  a  charming  bit 
of  mosaic  work ;  the  bronze  railings  and  elevator  shaft  gratings  are  all  highly  finished. 
Eight  passenger  cars  and  two  great  freight  cars  are  constantly  moving  up  and  down 
between  the  thirteen  stories  of  this  magnificent  structure.  We  will  go  to  the  top, 
the  time  consumed  in  the  trip  being  a  minute  and  a  quarter,  counting  stoppages. 
Looking  down,  the  people  on  the  floor  of  the  court  below  seem  like  pigmies.  The 
height  makes  us  dizzy  and  we  move  away  from  the  bronzo  railing  feariug  that  the 
natural  but  unaccountable  temptation  to  throw  ourselves  over  it  may  gain  the  mas- 
tery^af  us.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  building  is  a  city  within  itself.  There  are 
more  people  doing  business  inside  its  walls  than  you  will  find  in  many  prosperous 
towns,  and  the  amount  of  business  transacted  here  daily  equals  that  done  in  some 
of  the  most  pretentious  communities  in  the  country.  Every  branch  of  commerce  and 
nearly  every  profession  is  represented  here.  We  can  spend  a  couple  of  hours  here  very 
pleasantly,  strolling  along  the  different  balconies  and  taking  observations  of  the  mul- 
titude of  people  who  are  constantly  streaming  into  and  out  of  the  elevator  care. 
Leaving  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  we  find  that  it  is  almost  noon,  and  we  will  take  a 
lunch  at  Kern's,  across  the  way,  or  at  Kohlsaat's,  on  the  corner  of  the  court,  east  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  building.  In  either  place  we  will  witness  an  interesting 
sight.  Thousands  of  business  men,  clerks,  etc.,  flock  to  these  and  similar  restaurants 
in  the  business  center  daily,  where  they  partake  of  hasty  luncheons,  made  up  princi- 
pally of  sandwiches,  pie,  coffee  and  buttermilk.  The  food  is  generally  well  prepared, 
butlt  is  eaten  with  a  haste,  as  a  rule,  which  does  much  toward  ruining  the  health  and 
souring  the  dispositions  of  our  people.  As  we  move  down  La  Salle  st.,  after  luncheon, 
we  pass,  on  our  right,  the 

Mercantile  Building.— Here  we  find  the  old  and  respectable  banking  house  of 
Qreenebaum  &  Sons  [see  Greenebaum  &  Sons],  and  on  the  corner  of  the  alley  just  south 
the  other  equally  respectable  banking  house  of  A.  Loeb  &  Bro.  Lower  down, 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  La  Salle  and  Madison  sts.  is  the  Metropolitan  National 
Bank  [see  Metropolitan  National  Bank],  and  across  the  street  from  this,  on  the 
northeast  corner,  is_the  beautiful 

Tacoma  Building— towering  above  its  surroundings  to  the  dizzy  height  of 
twelve  clear  stories.  This  was  among  the  first  of  the  modern  sky-scrapers  erected 
in  Chicago.  The  corner  which  it  occupies  was  for  years  covered  by  a  tumble-down 
brick  building  put  up  in  haste  after  the  fire.  It  was  wiped  out  to  make  room  for  the 
"  Tacoma."  We  must  spend  an  hour  in  this  building  going  to  the  top  by  elevator  and 
walking  down.  From  the  twelfth  story  we  are  able  to  obtain  a  splendid  bird's-eye  view  of 
the  city,  and  we  can^see  far  out  on  Lake  Michigan,  if  the  smoke  isn't  too  dense.  This  is  a 
colony  of  offices.  [See  Office  Buildings.]  What  all  the  people  who  occupy  the  offices; 
do,  will  be  a  source  of  wonder  to  the  visitor  throughout  this  and  several  other  trips 
but  as  they  are  all  compelled  to  pay  high  rentals  it  is  presumed  that  they  are  doing 
something  to  coax  the  almighty  dollar  in  their  direction.  Otherwise  they  would  seek 
cheaper  quarters  or  establish  themselves  on  the  curb-stone  in  front.  Crossing  Madi- 
son st-  we  find  ion  the  southwest  corner  the 

Otis  Building.—  The  building  belongs  to  a  branch  of  the  Otis  family,  a  family,  by  the 
way,  which  owns  some  of  the  most  desirable  real  estate  in  the  city.  It  is  a  building  of 
the  lire  period,  not  up  to  present  requisites,  although  by  reason  of  its  central  location 
it  is  well  and  profitably  tenanted.  On  the  southeast  corner  is  the 


572  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Major  Block,  another  fine  structure  of  the  same  period.  For  years  this  ranked  as 
one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  the  city.  In  any  other  city  it  would  rank  as  a  great  build- 
ing now,  but  it  is  overshadowed  by  the  giants  in'its  neighborhood.  Just  east  of  the 
Major  Block,  on  the  corner  of  Arcade  court,  is  to  be  erected  the  new 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building.— Pl&ns  for  this  structure  have  already  been  drawn.  The  lot 
upon  which  the  building  is  to  be  erected  adjoins  the  present  property  of  the  Association 
which  fronts  on  Madison  st.,  in  the  rear.  This  lot  has  a  fifty-two  feet  frontage  on 
La  Salle  st.  and  185  feet  frontage  on  Arcade  ct.,  all  but  seventy-five  feet  of  which  is 
abundantly  lighted,  either  by  the  street  or  a  thirty-foot  court.  It  is  proposed  to  utilize 
about  one-third  of  the  space  in  the  new  building  for  association  purposes  and  the 
remainder  for  offices.  The  ground  floor  on  La  Salle  st.  will  be  rented  for  stores.  The'Asso- 
ciationwill  use  two  stories  on  the"  La  Salle  st.  side  and  seven  stories  in  the  rear  on  Arcade 
ct.  It  wilfbe  a  building  within  a  building,  the  architectural  arrangement  providing  for 
separate  entrances  on  both  sides  for  the  Association  and  those  who  rent  offices,  §o  that 
the  two  classes  of  tenants  will  have  no  connection  with  each  other.  From  the  seventh 
or  gymnasium  floor,  where  the  Association's  rooms  end,  there  will  be  a  square  light 
shaft  18x29  feet  running  to  the  top  story,  so  that  the  interior  of  the  building  will 
resemble  the  Rookery  in  its  facilities  for  light.  The  Andrews  estate  property  pur- 
chase, with  the  present  valuation  of  the  land  in  the  rear,  now  occupied  by  Farwell 
Hall,  and  the  proposed  cost  of  the  new  building,  will  make  the  entire  investment  fully 
$1,100,000.  From  this  point  south  on  La  Salle  st, 

The  People  We  Pass— are  as  interesting  as  the  buildings.  We  are  apt  to  be  jostled 
against  the  famous  produce  and  grain  operators  at  any  point  now  and  we  will  not 
know  it  unless  we  have  a  previous  acquaintance  with  their  personal  appearance.  On 
this  street  many  millionaires  have  their  offices.  That  medium-sized  and  rather  ordinary 
looking  man  who  has  just  turneu  out  ot  his  way  for  us  is 

Sidney  Kent—a,  man  of  great  wealth,  large  brain  and  wonderful  resources.  You 
will  be  told  of  several  of  his  transactions.  That  stout  gentleman  with  the  mutton- 
chop  whiskers,  rather  reddish  in  color,  is  P.  D.  Armour.  He  is  returning  to  his  office 
from  the  club  where  he  has  lunched.  That  young  man  with  the  Jewish  caste  of  coun- 
tenance, bright  eye  and  clean-cut  movement  of  limb  is  Chas.  L.  Hutchinson,  the 
youngest  millionaire  and  one  of  the  most  intelligent  men  in  the  city.  He  gets  more 
genuine  comfort  out  of  his  wealth  than  most  of  them,  for  he  is  a  cultured  man  and  a 
devotee  of  art.  You  have  heard  of  him  in  connection  with  the  Art  Institute.  There 
are  heavy  men  on  all  sides  of  us,  and  the  assistants  and  employes  of  heavy  men,  but  we 
must  say  a  word  about 

Bryan  Block  before  we  go  any  farther,  or  we  will  forget  it.  Bryan  Block  is 
another  of  the  back-number  great  buildings  of  the  city.  I  very  well  remember  that 
tif  teen  years  ago  it  was  pointed  out  with  pride ;  now  it  isn't  pointed  out  at  all.  It  is 
occupied,  however,  by  the  agencies  ot  great  insurance  companies,  real  estate  men, 
bankers,  brokers,  etc.,  and  its  central  location  makes  it  one  of  the  most  valuable  pieces 
of  property  in  the  city.  Some  day  a  great  building  will  occupy  the  site,  for  the  ground 
upon  which  it  stands  is  far  too  valuable  for  a  live-story  edifice.  Across  the  strpet  is 
the  old 

Republic,  Life  Building.— The  insurance  company  from  which  it  derived  its  name  has 
long  since  gone  out  of  existence .  This  building  was  used  by  the  CustomHouse  and  United 
States  courts  for  several  years  alter  the  fire,  or  until  the  present  go\rernment  building 
was  erected.  Now  it  is  an  office  building.  Here  are  located  the  rooms  of  the  Builders' 
Exchange  and  the  Central  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  as  well  as  the  offices 
of  Dun's  Commercial  Agency.  On  the  corner  below,  just  east  of  the  Republic  build- 
ing, is  the  only  structure  in  the  business  part  of  the  city  which  escaped  destruction  in 


THE   GUIDE.  573 

the  great  fire.  A  slab  is  imbedded  in  the  building  informing  you  of  that  fact.  It  was 
not  completed  at  the  time,  however,  and  its  immunity  was  dtie  to  the  fact  that  the  bare 
walls  alone  were  standing.  There  was  no  inflammable  material  on  the  inside.  Now 
we  will  stop  here  for  the  day,  in  order  that  you  may  have  an  opportunity  of  inspecting 
the  work  upon  the  big  building  being  erected  on  the  corner  diagonally  opposite.  I 
will  tell  you  about  this  building  in  the  morning. 
FOURTH  DAY. 

I  parted  with  you  last  evening  on  the  corner  of  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts.,  after  sug- 
gesting that  you  make  an  inspection  of  the  work  going  on  at  the  corner  diagonally 
opposite.  This  is  the  north  west  corner  of  the  streets  named.  Here  a  few  years  ago  Mr. 
Marshall  Field  laid  the  foundations  for  a  great  office  building.  A  legal  dispute  arose 
between  him  and  his  former  business  partner,  Mr.  Leiter,  who  owned  property  adjoin- 
ing, the  facts  concerning  which  it  is  not  necessary  for  you  to  know,  and  the  work  was 
abandoned.  The  lot  was  fenced  in  for  three  or  four  years,  and  finally  the  Woman's 
Ch  istian  Temperance  Union  secured  a  ninety-nine  year  lease  of  the  property  from 
Mr.  Field,  organized  a  syndicate  with  sufficient  capital,  and  began  the  erection  of  a 
structure  to  be  known  as  the 

Temperance  Temple. — The  familiar  name  of  this  building  now,  however,  is  "The 
Temple."  The  Temple,  as  it  now  stands,  is  one  of  the  sights  of  Chicago,  and  the  equal 
of  any  one  of  the  many  magnificent  structures  that  now  adorn  the  city.  In  style  it  is  a 
combination  of  the  old  Gothic  and  the  more  modern  French.  For  the  first  two  stories 
the  material  used  is  gray  granite  with  a  dash  of  pink  running  thi\  ughit.  Above  that 
is  used  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta.  This  harmonizes  nicely  with  the  granite,  taking 
on  a  tone  and  color  the  same,  with  the  exception  that  it  will  be  u  darker  pink.  The 
frontage  on  La  Salle  street  is  190  feet,  while  011  Monroe  it  is  ninety  feet.  In  shape  the 
temple  is  somewhat  novel  and  might  be  likened  to  the  lettar  H.  It  consists  of  two 
immense  wings  united  by  a  middle  portion  or  vinculum.  On  La  Salle  street  is  a  court 
seventy  feet  long  and  thirty  feet  wide,  and  on  Monroe  street  a  similar  one  of  the  same 
length  and  eighteen  feet  deep.  Facing  the  grand  entrance  and  arranged  in  a  semi- 
circle are  eight  great  elevators,  and  from  the  front  court  rise  two  grand  stairways 
leading  clear  to  the  top  of  the  building.  A  central  hall  extends  north  and  south  on 
each  floor  and  a  tran verse  one  also  extends  into  the  wings.  The  lower  courts  and  halls 
are  resplendent  with  marble  mosaic  paving,  while  plain  marble  is  used  in  the  upper 
halls.  In  height  th«  temple  is  a  "sky-scraper,"  extending  thirteen  stories  towards  the 
heavens.  A  peculiar  and  pleasing  effect  has  been  gained  by  causing  the  building  line 
to  retreat  at  the  tenth  story,  where  the  immense  roof,  containing  three  stories,  com- 
mences, breaking  as  it  ascends  into  Gothic  turrets.  From  the  center  of  these  turrets 
spring  a  fleche  of  gold  bronze  seventy  feet  high.  This  is  surmounted  by  the  graceful 
form  of  a  woman,  whose  face  is  upturned  and  hands  outstretched  in  piayer.  On  the 
granite  around  the  grand  entrance  are  carved  the  coats  of  arms  of  the  various  States 
of  the  Union.  Upon  the  corner-stone  is  engraved  the  national  legend  of  the  W.  C.  T. 
U . :  "  For  God,  for  Home  and  Native  Land.  1890."  On  the  reverse  is  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
monogram  and  beneath,  "Organized  1874."  Such  is  the  general  appearance  of  thia 
noble  structure.  The  purposes  for  which  it  is  utilized  are  manifold.  On  the  lower  floor 
are  located  three  banks  and  a  memorial  hall  to  be  known  as  Willard  Hall.  It  is  need- 
less to  say  that  the  name  is  in  honor  of  that  great  temperance  worker,  Frances  Willard. 
The  audience  room  will  easily  seat  800  people  without  the  galleries  and  is  as  entirely  shut 
off  from  the  rest  of  the  building  as  though  it  were  not  in  it.  The  entrance  is  through 
a  wide  hail  opening  off  Monroe  street.  It  is  an  amphitheatre  in  shape  and  in  the  center 
will  be  a  beautiful  fountain.  Nearly  every  window  in  it  is  a  handsome  memorial  one, 
and  from  numerous  pedestals  rise  the  busts  of  illustrious  persons  who  have  lived  and 


674  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

died  for  the  cause  of  temperance.  The  hall  and  the  entrance  leading  to  it  are  used  as 
tablets  on  which  to  inscribe  the  names  of  those  who  have  subscribed  the  sum  of  $100 
or  over  t  >  the  building  fund.  In  a  large  vault  opening  off  the  hall  will  be  kept  a  rec- 
ord of  the  work  done  in  each  State  in  the  Union.  In  short,  Willard  Hall  is  intended 
to  be  to  the  temperance  cause  what  Westminster  Abbey  is  to  England's  great  celebri- 
ties. The  Woman's  National  Publishing  House  find  headquarters  there,  as  well  as  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  Most  of  the  building,  however,  will  be  rented  and  the  income  from  this 
source  it  is  estimated  will  be  $250,000  a  year.  It  might  be  mentioned  that  little  wood 
has  been  used  in  the  construction  and  the  building  is  perfectly  fire-proof.  Work  was 
begun  in  July,  1890,  and  the  temple  was  ready  for  occupancy  in  the  month  of  May, 
1892.  The  entire  cost  was  about  $1,100,000.  Further  south  on  La  Sal le  street,  at  No. 
187,  is  the 

Calumet  Building— A.  magnificent  modern  office  structure,  and  one  of  the  first  of 
the  great  buildings  erected  after  the  locating  of  the  Board  of  Trade  at  the  foot  of  the 
street.  The  Calumet  would  be  a  more  striking  piece  of  architecture  to-day  if  it  were 
not  so  close  to  some  others  which  are  still  more  striking.  For  instance,  the 

Home  Insurance  Building  -At  No.  £05,  just  South  of  the  Calumet,  on  the  same  side 
of  the  street.  [See  Architecture.]  This  magnificent  pile  was  originally  nine  stories 
in  height,  but  two  additional  stories  were  added  in  1890-91,  making  it  one  of  the  tallest 
structures,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  graceful,  in  the  city.  The  grand  entrance  on 
LaSalle  st.  is  one  of  peerless  beauty— a  veritable  marble  hall,  and  a  portal  such  as  no 
palace  in  Europe  can  boast  of.  The  entire  building  from  the  first  to  the  eleventh 
floor  is  wainscoted  in  Italian  marble  of  the  finest  vein,  and  is  beautifully  matched 
and  polished.  Messrs.  Ducat  &  Lyon  have  had  the  management  of  the  magnificent 
edifice  in  charge  from  its  inception  to  the  present  time.  As  you  enter  the  building 
two  flights  of  marble  stairways  face  you,  both  leading  to  an  entresol,  on  the  right  of 
which  is  the  Union  National  Bank  (see  Union  National  Bank)  and  on  the  left  the 
counting  house  of  Armour  &  Co.  The  Union  National  Bank  interior  is  perhaps  the 
most  beautiful  in  Chicago.  There  will  be  no  objection  to  our  taking  a  view  of  it.  We 
are  under  the  eye  of  the  Bank's  private  detective  from  the  time  we  enter,  and  even  if 
we  weren't  there  is  no  opportunity  here  for  carrying  away  any  of  the  funds,  unless 
we  have  a  check  in  our  possession  and  can  be  properly  identified.  The  money  vaults 
and  counters  are  all  securely  walled  in  behind  glass,  bronze  and  mahogany,  only  the 
president,  cashier  and  assistant  cashier  being  outside— the  former  in  the  rotunda,  the 
latter  in  a  private  room  to  the  right.  The  furniture  and  fixtures  of  this  beautiful 
interior  are  the  work  of  the  well-known  house  of  A.  H.  Andrews  &  Co.  [See 
A.  H.  Andrews  &  Co.]  Let  us  walk  across  the  entresol  and  enter  the  counting 
house  of 

Armour  &  Co.  —  This  is  one  immense  office— taking  in  the  entire  first  floor 
space  of  the  north  wing  of  the  building.  Did  you  ever  see  such  a  hive?  There 
must  be  three  hundred  employes  of  all  grades  here,  the  majority  of  whom  are 
writing  at  little  desks  arranged  in  a  manner  suggestive  of  the  school-room. 
A  great  many  of  those  who  are  not  writing  are  managers  of  departments,  and  these 
are  talking  business  to  callers.  And  there  is  a  perfect  procession  of  callers.  You 
can  not  see  anybody  unless  you  are  announced  by  young  men  standing  near  the  door. 
They  call  the  person  you  want  to  see.  The  person  you  want  to  see  has  other  callers 
and  you  must  wait.  The  central  figure  in  this  great  room,  of  course,  is  Mr.  P.  D. 
Armour.  He  sits  at  a  table-desk  to  the  left,  and  may  be  engaged  in  looking  over  a 
newspaper,  or  in  conversation  with  a  visitor  or  one  of  his  department  managers. 
Whatever  he  is  doing  he  has  a  pleasant,  benevolent,  kindly  expression  on  his  face, 


THE    GUIDE.  575 

and  his  face  is  the  index  to  his  character.  The  name  of  Armour  &  Co.  is  familiar  to  the 
people  of  all  countries.  It  is  interesting  to  notice  with  what  perfect  system  the  estab- 
lishment is  conducted.  Of  course  we  don't  see  the  bustling  side  of  it  in  the  Counting1 
House.  We  must  go  to  the  Stock  Yards  for  that.  [Sec  Union  Stock  Yards-]  The 
Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  Association,  of  Chicago,  the  largest  insurance  company  in 
Lliiu  is,  and  the  second  largest  simi.ar  organization  in  the  wji\d,  has  its  home  office  in 
this  building,  occupying  nearly  the  entire  tenth  floor,  which  is  required  for  the  accom- 
modation of  its  immense  business.  Here  is  received  nnd  disbursed  to  the  widows  and 
orphans  of  its  deceased  members  about  $  ',000,000  annually.  A  visit  to  their  offices  will 
be  of  interest,  for  there  can  be  seen  the  thorough  system  necessary  to  the  successful 
p  osecution  of  the  business  of  li  e  insurance.  And  the  president,  Daniel  J.  Avery,  or 
the  secretary,  J.  A.  Stoddard,  will  give  us  a  cordial  welcoin  ,  for  they  invite  inspection 
of  their  business.  There  are  a  number  of  banking  houses  in  the  Home  Insurance 
building,  beside  safety  vau.ts,  ttc.,  all  of  which  are  worth  visiting.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  the  street,  up  one  I  ight  of  stairs,  in  a  plainly  furnished  office  overlooking 
Adams  street,  we  might  find  the  millioiuvre,  George  L.  Dunlap,  who  during  recent 
years  has  practically  retired  from  active  service,  although  he  is  still  a  power  in  the 
money  center.  You  can  spend  the  remainder  of  the  day  on  these  corners.  Perhaps 
you  would  like  to  go  through  the 

Rand- Me  X<  till/  Building— Where  the  World's  Fair  headquarters  are  located.  If 
BO,  you  will  find  this  to  be  one  of  the  most  magnificent  structures  in  the  world. 
The  publishing  and  printing  house  of  Hand,  McNally  &  Co.  started  in  1856, 
since  which  date  the  remarkable  growth  of  its  map  and  book-publishing  busi- 
ness has  necessitated  several  removals  and  enlargements  of  quarters.  Every 
time  it  has  shortly  found  itself  cramped  for  room,  until  the  recent  removal 
into  the  new  buiWing,  162  to  174  Adams  St.,  which  makes  ample  provisions  for 
future  expansion.  This  building  is  a  model  in  size,  convenience  and  durability, 
and  absolutely  fire-proof.  It  has  ten  stories  and  a  basement,  with  a  frontage  of 
150  feet  on  Adams  st ,  extending  back  166  feet  to  Quincy  st.  The  framework  is 
entirely  of  steel,  the  two  fronts  are  fire-proofed  with  dark-red  terra-cotta.  in  hand- 
some designs,  and  the  interior  is  fire-proofed  with  hard-burnt  fire-clay,  no  part  of  the 
steel  being  exposed.  In  the  center  of  the  building  is  left  a  court  60x66  feet,  having  its 
outer  walls  faced  with  English  white  enamelled  bricks.  Owing  partly  to  its  great 
size,  and  partly  to  the  fact  that  it  is  the  first  steel  building  in  Chicago,  besides  being 
probably  the  largest  and  most  complete  building  ever  erected  exclusively  for  the 
printing  and  publishing  business,  it  is  exciting  a  great  deal  of  interest.  Burnham  & 
Root  were  the  architects.  The  following  facts  concerning  it  illustrate  in  a  striking 
manner  the  vastness  and  solidity  of  a  modern  commercial  building.  It  contains  15 
miles  of  steel-railway-65-pound  rails  in  the  foundation,  besides  the  12-inch  and  20-inch 
steel  beams.  There  are  12  miles  of  15-inch  steel  beams  jnd  channels,  2^  miles  of  ties 
and  angles  in  the  roof ;  7  miles  of  tie  rods  ;  10  miles  of  Z  steel  in  the  columns ;  12  miles  of 
steam-pipe  ;  350,000 rivets  and  bolts ;  7  acres  of  floors ;  the  boards  of  which  would  reach 
250  miles  were  they  laid  end  to  end.  Th"  foundations  contain  1,000  tons  of  steel,  while 
the  beams,  etc.,  will  weigh  2,000  tons,  and  the  columns  700  tons  ;  making  a  total  of  3,7f  0 
tons  of  steel  in  this  giant  structure.  The  offices  of  the  various  departments  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  are  accessible  by  elevator.  Just  now  everybody  from  the 
Director  General  down  is  very  busy,  but  that  need  not  prevent  you  from  looking 
around.  They  will  answer  your  questions  civilly— everybody  is  civil  in  Chicago— but 
don't  ask  too  many  at  present.  Perhaps  you  would  prefer  to  drop  into  the 

Insurance  Exchange  Building— Another  magnificent  structure,  on  the  corner  of 
Adams  and  La  Salle,  which  is  devoted  altogether  to  banks  and  offices.  Here  a  num- 


576  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ber  of  the  leading  operators  on  the  Board  of  Trade  are  to  be  found.    To-morrow  we 
will  begin  by  visiting  the  great  building  on  the  opposite  corner. 
FIFTH  DAY. 

It  wouldn't  be  a  waste  of  time  if  we  were  to  give  a  week  to  La  Salle  st.  alone,  but 
as  we  must  see  the  principal  attractions  of  Chicago  in  thirty-one  days  it  is  necessary 
for  us  to  move  along  rapidly.  To-day,  as  I  suggested  last  evening,  we  will  begin  with 
the 

Rookery  Building.— How  it  came  by  this  odd  name  is  explained  in  the  "  Encyclope- 
dia." You  will  also  find  some  interesting  facts  in  regard  to  it  under  the  head  of 
"  Architecture."  Chicago  people  are  not  exactly  settled  in  their  minds  as  to  whether 
the  "  Hookery  "  or  the  "  Chamber  of  Commerce  "  is  the  finest  office  building  in  the  city. 
The  Rookery  is  the  larger,  however,  and  in  many  respects  the  most  elegant  of  our 
office  structures.  It  cost,  exclusive  of  the  ground  upon  which  it  stands  (the  property 
of  the  municipality),  very  nearly  $1,500,000.  It  is  finished  in  the  most  expensive  fashion 
throughout.  There  isn't  a  cheap  feature  connected  with  it.  The  grand  rotunda  is  in 
iteelf  a  beautiful  bit  of  architecture,  but  the  building  to  be  properly  appreciated  must 
be  taken  as  a  whole.  There  is  not  a  commercial  structure  in  the  world  that  compares 
with  it  in  size,  in  elegance  or  in  convenience.  There  are  three  distinct  groups  of  ele- 
vators, two  on  the  La  Salle  st.  and  one  on  the  Monroe  st.  side,  and  the  people  occupy- 
ing the  top  floors  are  practically  as  well  situated,  so  far  as  accessibility  is  concerned, 
as  those  on  the  first  floor.  The  Mosaic  work  in  the  structure  is  superb.  Like  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  Home  Insurance  buildings,  the  wainscoting  is  all  of  Ital- 
ian marble.  Every  room  in  the  building  is  lighted  perfectly.  There  is  not  the  slightest 
jar  felt  here,  and  those  in  the  upper  stories  are  practically  removed  from  the  noise 
and  bustle  of  the  streets  below.  There  are  over  600  offices  here,  all  occupied,  the  ten- 
ants being  principally  Board  of  Trade  men,  agents  of  Eastern  and  foreign  mercan- 
tile houses,  agents  of  manufacturing  concerns  real  estate  dealers,  brokers  and  lawyers. 
We  will  go  through  the  building,  beginning  at  the  top.  It  will  consumean  hour  or  two, 
perhaps,  but  it  will  be  time  well  spent.  As  we  leave  the  Rookery  we  are  in  the  center 
of  the  Board  of  Trade  district,  and  we  are  surrounded  by  massive  structures.  Oppo- 
site us  is  the  Insurance  Exchange  building,  which  we  saw  yesterday,  Mailer's  building-, 
the  Gaff  building  and  the  Counselman  building— all  great  structures  towering  upward 
from  ten  to  twelve  stories.  To  our  left  as  we  move  south  is  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  [see 
Hotels],  and  facing  us  the  Board  of  Trade  building.  [See  Board  of  Trade  building.] 
You  have  been  told  about  the  Board  of  Trade  already;  given  its  dimensions,  cost,  etc.; 
infcrmed  how  to  gain  admittance  to  the  gallery,  etc.  It  is  only  necessary  for  me  to 
show  you  up  the  main  stairway  and  leave  you  here  for  the  next  two  hours.  You 
are  just  in  time  to  see  the  Board  in  full  operation.  From  the  gallery  you  will  have  a 
perfect  view  of  the  floor.  After  you  leave  ihere  you  will  have  time  to  go  through  the 
Rialto  building  in  the  rear,  slhd,  perhaps,  to  see  the  great  buildings  which  line  Pacific 
ave.  on  the  one  side  and  Sherman  st.  on  the  other.  Among  the  structures  worthy  of  a 
visit  are  the  Phoenix  building,  which  faces  the  Grand  Pacific;  the  Grand  Pacific  itself; 
the  Traders'  building,  10  Pacific  ave.;  the  Commerce  building,  16  Pacific  ave.;  the  Open 
Board  building,  24  Pacific  ave.;  the  Brother  Jonathan  building,  2  Sherman  st ;  the 
Wheeler  building,  6  Sherman  st.;  and  the 

Royal  Insurance  Building.— Situated  on  Jackson  st.,  between  La  Salle  and  Fifth 
ave.,  and  at  the  head  of  Sherman  st.,  almost  opposite  the  Board  of  Trade.  The  Royal 
Insurance  building,  in  accordance  with  the  latest  dictates  of  modern  architecture,  is 
composed  of  a  pressed  brick  rear  with  an  imposing  facade  of  brown  sandstone  carved 
into  beautiful  figures.  The  style  may  be  termed  Ionic,  with  an  admixture  of  Corin- 
thian on  the  lower  floors,  where  the  windows  and  main  entrances  are  arched  and  sculp- 


THE    GUIDE.  577 

tured  in  many  fanciful  designs.  The  interior  appointments  are  on  a  scale  of  magnifi- 
cence in  keeping  with  the  exterior  design.  The  offices  are  large,  well  lighted  and  well 
ventilated.  This  building  practically  fronts  on  two  streets— Jackson  and  Quincy.  By 
the  time  you  have  visited  these  buildings  you  will  need  a  rest. 

SIXTH  DAY. 

Before  leaving  the  Board  of  Trade  district,  a  few  words  concerning  that  portion  of 
the  city  may  be  of  interest  to  you.  The  great  fire  of  1871  left  the  neighborhood  per- 
fectly bare  as  far  south  as  Harrison  st.  For  nearly  ten  years  after  the  fire  the  only 
buildings  of  prominence  in  that  section  of  the  city  were  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  and 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Depot.  The  latter  could  be  seen  plainly  from 
Madison  st.  The  block  in  front,  now  covered  by  the  Board  of  Trade  and  the  Rialto 
buildings,  was  vacant.  To  the  east  was  Pacific,  then  known  as  "  Biler  "  ave.,  one  of 
the  most  disreputable  streets  of  the  city,  built  up  with  hastily  constructed  tenements 
which  were  occupied  by  the  most  depraved  of  men  and  women,  black,  white  and 
mixed.  The  name  "Biler"  ave.,  originated  in  the  mispronunciation  of  "Boiler,"  a 
nick-name  given  to  the  street,  because  of  the  number  of  locomotives  belonging  to 
the  Rock  Island  and  Lake  Shore  roads  which  puffed  day  and  night  along  its  western 
edge.  Next,  to  the  east,  came  South  Clark  st.,  a  thoroughfare  given  over  to  low  saloons, 
pawnbrokers'  shops,  "  fences"  for  thieves,  concert  saloons,  dance  houses,  low  grogeries 
and  bagnios.  East  of  Clark  st.  was  Fourth  ave.,  another  street  surrendered  almost 
entirely  to  the  lowest  class  of  scarlet  women.  One  high  building  stood  on  the  street 
and  was  occupied, in  part  by  the  Religio-Philosophical  Journal.  Its  editor,  a  man 
named  Pike,  was  murdered  at  his  desk  in  this  building,  about  the  time  I  am  speaking 
of.  Eastof  Fourth  ave.  was  Dearbornst.,  a  "No  Thoroughfare,"  and  without  a  build- 
ing worth  mentioning,  although  squatters  had  taken  possession  of  it  from  Jackson 
st.  south  to  Polk  st.  East  of  Dearborn  was  Third  ave.,  a  street  of  dives  and  bagnios 
just  a  trifle  lower  than  any  yet  named.  Then  came  State  St.,  which  from  Van  Buren 
to  Twenty-second  st.,  was  occupied  by  the  very  scum  of  the  population,  and  utterly 
abandoned  to  vice  and  criminals.  The  entire  district  from  Van  Buren  st.  south  to 
Twenty-second  st.,  and  from  the  railroad  tracks  to  and  including  the  east  line  of  State 
st.,  was  in  the  hands  of  thugs,  thieves,  murderers  and  prostitutes.  In  the  midst  of  it 
was  the  Harrison  st.  or  "Armory"  police  station,  and  the  policemen  who  were  sent 
out  to  do  patrol  duty  in  this  section  were  frequently  brought  back  on  stretchers. 
There  were  portions  of  the  district  which  no  policemen  would  dare  to  enter  alone  in 
the  day-time,and  which  it  would  have  been  suicidal  for  him  to  enter  in  the  night-time. 
Some  of  the  bravest  officers  on  the  force  were  shot  or  stabbed,  or  beaten  so  badly 
that  they  were  never  again  able  to  perform  their  duties.  The  territory  received  the 
name  of 

"  Cheyenne."— This  name  was  given  to  it  because  when  the  Union  Pacific  railroad 
was  being  constructed,  and  for  several  years  afterward  Cheyenne  was  the  wickedest 
town  on  the  line.  To-day,  Cheyenne  is  a  peaceable  and  prosperous  little  city,  and 
its  people  have  retaliated  by  dubbing  the  only  disorderly  part  of  their  town  "  Chicago." 
S.  State  st.  was  known  for  years  as 

"Z7ie  Levee"— A  name  which  still  clings  to  it  in  police  circles,  although  it  has  gone 
through  an  almost  complete  transformation,  physically  and  morally.  The  name 
"  Levee "  was  used  because  the  Levees  of  the  Mississippi  river  towns  bore  the 
reputation  of  being  generally  tough,  and  because  they  were  and  are  the  haunts  of  a 
vicious  class  of  negroes.  The  entire  negro  population  of  Chicago  gravitated  toward 
"Cheyenne  "  and  the  "Levee"  before  and  after  the  great  fire,  and  S.  Clark  and  S.  State 
sts.  to-day  are  much  frequented  by  colored  people.  A  mighty  change  has  come  over 
this  district  during  a  decade. 

Pacific  Avenue  is  no  longer  given  over  entirely  to  the  vicious  and  criminal  classes, 


578  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

as  formerly,  although  I  wouldn't  advise  you  to  take  your  evening  walks  on  the  south- 
ern part  of  it.  Many  magnificent  commercial  structures  now  line  this  thoroughfare. 
On  the  avenue,  opposite  the  Rock  Island  depot,  is  Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  barn,  a 
splendid  building  in  itself  and  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  firm's  magnificent  draught 
horses  and  the  men  who  care  for  them.  This  building  has  been  enlarged  during  recent 
years  and  I  am  told  that  some  of  the  upper  floors  are  used  for  the  storage  of  "  reserve 
stock."  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  firm  has  the  largest  wholesale  building  in  the 
city:  that  it  occupies  its  old  wholesale  store  as  a  warehouse  for  reserve  goods,  and  that 
t  carries  constantly  an  immense  amount  of  stock  in  the  IT.  S.  bonded  warehouses' 
this  will  strike  you  as  being  strange.  But  it  seems  as  though  it  is  difficult  for  Marshall 
Field  &  Co.  to  find  storage  room  enough.  We  will  talk  about  this  firm  later  on,  how- 
ever. A  trip  down 

South  Clark  Street  will  be  interesting.  The  morals  of  this  thoroughfare  have  not 
improved  very  much  during  recent  years.  Modern  improvements  have  steadily 
encroached,  however,  upon  the  rookeries  which  have  lined  this  artery  since  the  fire, 
and  now  south  of  Jackson  st.  we  find  some  handsome  structures  of  the  most  modern 
type,  notably  the  Hotel  Grace,  Gore's  Hotel  and  McCoy's  Hotel.  But  further  to  the 
south  are  the  dens  and  dives  that  have  made  the  street  infamous.  Just  here,  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  Van  Buren  and  Clark  sts . ,  is  the  Pacific  Mission.  For  years  it  was 
Jerry  Monroe's  "Pacific  Garden,"  and  the  resort  of  the  vilest  of  the  vile.  A  few  doors 
below  a  Polish  Jew,  named  Lesser  Freidberg,  kept  a  pawn-broker's  shop  and  "  fence  " 
for  thieves  about  eleven  years  ago.  One  night  the  branch  house  of  E.S.  Jaflrey  &  Co., 
of  New  York,  which  occupied  the  building  on  Fifth  ave.,  between  Madison  and  Wash- 
ington sts.,  latterly  the  Chicago  Herald  office,  was  entered  by  burglars  and  robbed . 
The  stolen  goods  were  placed  in  a  wagon,  which  was  driven  to  Freidberg's.  Just  as 
the  burglars  were  unloading  it  a  police  officer  named  Race  came  along.  His  suspic- 
ions were  aroused  and  he  attempted  to  capture  one  of  the  thieves  supposed  to  be 
Johnny  Lamb.  The  thief  shot  him  dead,  right  here,  in  front  of  the  shop,  jumped  into 
the  wagon  and  drove  off.  Lamb  and  another  thief  named ''Sheeny  George"  were 
arrested,  tried,  convicted  and  sentenced  to  be  hanged,  but  escaped  all  punishment  for 
this  crime  finally.  Freidberg  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  five  years.  He  was  a 
wealthy  man  at  the  time  of  bis  arrest.  The  last  time  I  saw  him  he  was  mending  con- 
victs' clothing  in  the  penitentiary  at  Joliet,  about  the  most  humiliating  work  that  could 
possibly  be  assigned  him.  He  came  out  and  found  that  his  wife  had  secured  a  divorce. 
His  property  was  all  gone.  He  was  arrested  a  short  time  ago  for  vagrancy.  There  is 
a  moral  here,  but  you  may  not  see  it.  Pawnbrokers'  shops  kept  by  Polish  Jews  are  to 
be  found  all  along  here.  Wherever  you  find, poverty  and  vice  you  will  also  find  pawn- 
brokers' shops.  They  seem  to  pull  together.  I  don't  know  how  many  of  them  are 
"  fences"  for  thieves  now,  but  you  may  rest  a«sured  that  some  of  them  are.  Only  a 
short  time  ago  just  such  an  institution  as  that  managed  by  the  late  Mr.  Fagin  wa3 
broken  up  down  here.  In  this  instance  the  fence-keeper's  name  was  Levi.  Here  we 
pass  concert  saloons  conducted  by  a  class  of  men  who  bear  a  name  which  I  need  not 
mention.  Here  also  we  come  upon  "gin  mills,"  conducted  by  bloated  and  murderous- 
looking  ruffians,  who  will  first  stupefy  and  then  rob  you,  if  you  give  them  a  chance. 
It  is  in  these  dives  that  men  are  "  doped."  If  there  were  fewer  of  them  there  would  be 
fewer  "  floaters "  picked  up  in  the  Chicago  river.  Here  we  pass  the  brothels  and 
bagnios,  where  depraved  women,  white  and  black,  pursue  their  avocations  and  carry 
on,  in  company  with  the  males  of  their  class,  nightly  orgies  that  are  either  unseen  or 
unnoticed  by  the  police.  Respectable  people  are  not  in  much  danger  down  here,  for 
the  very  good  reason  that  respectable  people  are  seldom  to  be  found  loitering  around 
this  neighborhood.  We  are  in 


THE   QUiDE.  579 

T7ie  Slums.— It  was  quite  the  " fad "  in  fashionable  circles  not  long  since  to  "go 
slumminir,"  and  the  city  detectives  were  frequently  requested  to  conduct  a  party  of 
nice  young  ladies  and  gentlemen  through  the  vicious  quarters  of  the  city.  It  is  no 
longer  a  "  fad,"  although  the  practice  has  by  no  means  died  out.  Such  an  excursion 
has  its  advantages  as  well  as  its  drawbacks.  While  a  young  lady  can  not  very  well  see 
any  thing  during  a  "  slumming  "  trip  that  is  not  repugnant  to  her  tiner  sensibilities,  and 
while  she  will  see  much  that  is  shocking,  or  ought  to  be,  to  her  modesty,  yet  she  will 
learn  that  the  path  of  vice  is  a  thorny  one,  and  that  her  fallen  sisters  are  more  in  need 
of  her  pity  than  they  are  deserving  of  her  scorn.  While  the  great  majority  of  the 
lewd  women  of  the  city  spring  from  the  lower  ranks  of  society,  and  are,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  born  into  viciousness,  a  great  number  of  them  are  giris  who  were  well  born, 
well  reared  and  well  educated.  The  causes  of  their  downfall  are  innumerable,  and, 
strange  as  it  may  appear,  but  very  few  of  them  can  trace  their  rum  back  to  the  deceit 
or  perfidy  of  man.  In  not  an  inconsiderable  number  of  instances  these  fallen  women 
who  come  from  the  higher  walks  of  society  owe  their  misfortune  primarily  to  an  ambi- 
tion, unsupported  by  an  ability,  to  shine  as  actresses.  We  might  walk  all  over  this  dis- 
trict and  find  merely  a  repetition  of  the  scenes  which  surround  us  now.  In  a  little 
while  we  will  leave  the  district  and  the  subject  behind  us.  But  first  let  us  call  your 
attention  to  the 

Lodging  Houses.— There  are  cheap  lodging  houses  scattered  throughout  the  city. 
There  are  some  on  the  North  Side  and  some  on  the  West  Side,  but  the  lowest  class  of 
lodging  houses  are  located  down  this  way.  Here  the  wearied  traveler  may  secure  a 
night's  lodging  for  five  cents.  That  is,  by  going  down  into  the  cellar  and  paying  over 
a  nickel  to  the  proprietor  he  will  be  permitted  to  climb  into  one  of  the  bunks  ranged 
in  tiers  along  either  side  of  the  dismal  cavern.  The  bunk  is  without  mattress  or  bed- 
ding. It  is  simply  the  soft  side  of  a  pine  board.  But  it  beats  walking  the  streets.  If 
it  be  winter,  there  is  a  blazing  fire  in  a  stove  which  stands  in  the  middle  of  the  cellar. 
If  it  be  summer,  the  cellar  is  cool.  No  robberies  are  ever  committed  in  these  cellars, 
for  obvious  reasons.  There  are  no  signs  cautioning  guests  to  place  their  jewelry  and 
money  in  the  office  safe.  Such  a  caution  would  be  looked  upon  as  heartless  and  bitter 
irony.  But  there  are  cellars  where  the  traveler,  for  ten  cents,  may  secure  a  bunk  with 
a  straw  mattress.  These  are  considered  among  the  patrons  of  the  five-cent  cellars 
places  of  gilded  luxury.  Again,  there  are  lodging  houses  where  a  bedstead— a  real 
bedstead,  with  real  bedding  and  real  bed  covering— may  be  secured  per  night  at  the 
uniform  rate  of  fifteen  cents.  And  a  single  room  can  be  rented  for  twenty-five  cents. 
But  only  the  aristocrats  of  "  Cheyenne"  and  the  "  Levee  "  squander  their  money  for 
twenty-five  cent  rooms.  Twenty-five  cents  to  most  of  the  lodging-house  patrons  means 
three  drinks  of  barrel-house  whisky,  a  free  lunch,  a  cigar  and  a  bed.  We  will  take  in 
South  State  street  before  we  part  for  the  day.  The  purchase  of  a  long  strip  of  prop- 
erty along  this j;horoughfare  by  the  Santa  Fe  railway  company  resulted  in  the  demo- 
lition of  a  large  number  of  the  disreputable  houses  which  lined  one  side  of  it  a  few 
>  ears  ago.  South  State  street  is  growing  better  year  after  year.  To-morrow  we  will 
look  around  reconstructed,  reformed  and  rebuilt  "  Cheyenne." 

SEVENTH    DAY. 

No  portion  of  the  city  has  undergone  a  more  complete  transformation  and  refor- 
mation during  the  past  ten  years  than  that  section  which  is  penetrated  on  the  north 
by  Fourth  ave.,  Dearborn  st.  and  Third  ave.  As  before  remarked.  Dearborn  st.  up  to 
ten  years  ago  was  not  even  opened.  To-day  it  is  lined  from  Adams  to  Polk  st.  with  some 
of  the  most  magnificent  buildings  in  the  city.  The  Post  Office  and  Custom  House, 
sometimes  called  the  Government  building,  stood  practically  alone  here  for  many 
years, except  that  it  was  faced  by  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  anJ  the  Lakeside  building  on 
the  west,  and  by  the  Honore  block  on  the  north.  Now  it  is  hemmed  in  on  all  sides  by 


580  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

palatial  structures.  On  the  southeast  corner  of  Adams  and  Dearborn  is  tha  beautiful 
Owings  building,  which  rises  to  the  height  of  fourteen  stories,  presenting  a  novel  and 
interesting  innovation  in  architectural  design.  Just  north  of  the  building  and  directly 
opposite  the  Post  Office  is  the  sixteen-story  steel  building,  which  is  to  be  known  as 

The  Great  Northern  Hotel.— This  is  now  one  of  the  largest  first-class  hotels  of  Chicago. 
It  is  all  finished  in  the  highest  style  of  art  and  conducted  as  a  high- class  commercial 
hotel,  on  the  European  and  American  plans.  On  the  southwest  corner  of  Dearborn 
and  Jackson  streets,  and  running  through  to  Fourth  avenue,  are  the  twin  structures, 
known  as  the 

Monadnock  and  Kearsarge  buildings.—  These  magnificent  piles  occupy  the  entire 
space  lying  between  Jackson  and  Van  Buren  sts.  and  Dearborn  and  Fourth  ave.  The 
Monaduock  occupies  the  north  half,  the  Kearsarge  the  south  half  of  the  area.  They 
form  in  reality  but  one  building,  and  are  divided  in  name  merely  because  the  undi- 
vided structure  is  too  large  for  the  common  person  to  find  anybody  in  it.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  imposing  structures  in  the  city.  It  is  all  steel,  fire-proofed  and  finished  in 
granite  and  marble,  sixteen  stories  high.  On  the  Jackson  and  Van  Buren  st.  fronts 
two  sets  of  bay  windows  run  from  the  second  story  to  the  top,  and  on  the  Dearborn  st. 
and  Fourth  ave.  sides  two  sets  run  from  the  second  story  to  the  top.  The  foundation  and 
walls  are  said  to  be  the  heaviest  of  any  building  in  the  city.  The  entire  length  is  409 
feet  by  66Hj  feet  in  width.  It  was  erected  as  an  office  block  for  the  Brooks  estate.  No 
saloons-are  allowed  in  this  palatial  structure.  The  building  cost  $3,000,000.  Passing  a 
number  of  great  buildings  we  come  to  the 

Manhattan  Building.— This  colossal  fire-proof  structure  overtopped  until  recently 
every  other  office  building  in  the  city  by  at  least  three  stories.  Being  situated  on  the 
leading  business  and  financial  street  in  Chicago,  \iear  the  Post  Office,  depots  and 
Board  of  Trade,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  pneumatic  tubes,  it  has  become  a  very 
popular  structure.  It  has  sixteen  stories  and  basement  of  solid  masonry  and  an  inner 
frame  of  steel  and  iron,  incased  in  terra  cotta.  The  interior  is  embellished  with  orna- 
mental bronze  and  antique  copper,  polished  marble  and  jaspis  wainscoting,  mosaic 
floors  and  ornamental  ceilings.  The  small  amount  of  woodwork  that  enters  into  the 
structure  is  antique  oak.  The  appointments  as  to  elevator  service,  electric  light,  heat 
and  general  conveniences  embrace  every  improvement  known  to  modern  science,  and 
are  unequaled  by  any  building  as  yet  erected  in  Chicago.  The 

Monon  Building— farther  to  the  south  on  the  right,  so  in  the  Manhattan,  is  a  very 
handsome  and  popular  office  building-,  and  is  occupied  by  persons  more  or  less  related 
to  the  printing  and  publishing  business.  The  cost  of  the  Monon  was  $500,009 
and  of  the  Manhattan,  $800,fOO.  The  Manhattan  was  comploted  for  occupancy  late  in 
1891.  The  center  of  the  district  of  sky-scrapers  is  reaching  from  the  vicinity  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  down  to  this  neighborhood  on  Dearborn  street.  There,  within  a  year, 
will  stand  completed  in  the  radius  of  a  block  the  following  colossal  Ijuildings:  Man- 
hattan, Monon,  Caxton,  Monadnock,  Kearsarge,  Chicago  and  the  fourteen-storied 
pile  of  steel  and  glass  at  Dearoorn  and  Harrison  streets.  Among  those  mentioned 

The  Caxton  Building  deserves  our  attention.  This  elegant  structure,  at  328  to  334 
Dearborn  street,  is  one  of  three  buildings  of  its  kind  erected  in  this  city.  It  is  thor- 
oughly fire-proof  throughout,  constructed  of  steel  to  beams  and  girders.  The  walls 
are  of  terra-cotta  and  pressed  brick,  of  the  best  quality,  and  the  partitions  are  of  hollow 
tile.  The  offices  are  large  and  commodious  and  in  their  plans  special  care  has  been 
taken  to  finish  them  in  a  manner  affording  the  greatest  convenience  and  comfort  to 
the  occupants.  Just  south,  on  the  corner  of  Harrison  and  Dearborn  streets,  is 

The  Pontiac  Building.— This  is  another  wonderful  structure,  fourteen  stories  in  heieht, 
and  constructed  entirely  of  steel.  A  large  number  of  publishers  may  be  found  here. 


THE  GUIDE.  581 

The  Graphic,  the  Western  British  American,  the  Orange  Judd  Farmer,  Furniture,  the 
Figaro,  and  other  popular  publications  are  issued  here.  The  Orcutt  Lithographing 
company  is  also  to  be  found  here,  occupying  two  floors.  Here  also  is  published  the 
Banker's  and  Attorney's  Register.  In  this  building,  from  suite  1003,  are  issued  "THE 
STANDARD  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO,"  and  "  THE  HAND  BOOK  OF  THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN 
EXPOSITION,"  The  Standard  Guide  Company  (Flinn  &  Shepard)  publishers.  Further 
south,  to  our  left,  we  come  to  the  great  building  occupied  by 

Donohue  &  Henneberry,  the  printers,  binders  and  publishers.  This  was  one  of  the 
first  of  the  great  office  buildings  erected  on  South  Dearborn  street.  It  has  a  frontage 
also  on  Third  avenue.  It  is  eight  stories  in  height  and  finished  after  the  most  modern 
fashion.  The  upper  part  of  the  building  is  occupied  by  the  various  departments  of 
Uonohuu  &  Henneberry's  establishment  -counting  rooms,  offices,  book  rooms,  com- 
position rooms,  bindery  rooms,  etc.  The  lower  floors  are  given  over  to  numerous 
publishing  firms,  newspaper  offices,  advertising  offices,  printers1  supply  offices,  etc. 
The  immense  basement  is  occupied  by  Donohue  &  Henneberry's  presses— book,  job, 
newspaper,  etc.,  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  modern  make.  The  firm  of  Donohue 
iV-  Henneberry  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  the  United  States.  It  turns  out  an 
immense  number  of  bound  volumes  annually,  besides  catalogues  and  other  printed 
matter  of  the  higher  grade.  Leaving  Donohue  &  Henneberry's  we  find  ourselves  in 
front  of  the  beautiful  Dearborn  Station,  which  is  described  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
Before  abandoning  the  district  for  good,  however,  we  wHl  walk  north  on  Third  avenue. 
This  locality,  as  you  will  notice,  is  given  over  to  interests  connected  with  the 
printing  business.  Immense  job  printing  establishments,  printing  press  salesrooms, 
printing  ink  depots,  weekly  newspaper  offices,  patent-inside  and  Ipatent-outside 
offices,  theatrical  printing  houses,  binderies,  etc.,  etc.,  are  passed  one  after  another 
until  we  find  ourselves  on  Jackson  street  once  more.  The 

Post  Office  Building  is.referred  to  elsewhere.  [See  Post  Office.]  It  will  be  torn  down 
or  else  it  will  fall  down  before  long.  i,The  Honore  building  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Adams  streets  was  formerly  the  pride  of  the  city.  It  is  a  great  struct- 
ure now,  but  old-fashioned.  The  great  new  "  Fair  "  building  is  being  erected  opposite. 
[See  Fair  Building.]  The 

Temple  Court  Building,  at  217  Dearborn  street,  is  close  by.  This  structure  has  200 
offices  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city.  To  the  nortd  is  the 

Adams  Express  Building,  one  of  the  finest  office  structures  in  the  city,  ten  stories 
in  height  and  elegantly  finished.  Next  to  it  is  the  Commercial  National  Bank  building, 
another  beautiful  edifice.  Across  the  street  is  the  Howland  Block,  erected  by  H.  H. 
Honore,  and  at  one  time  pronounced  the  finest  office  building  in  the  country,  but  at 
present  a  back  number.  On  the  next  corner,  same  side  of  the  street,  or,  to  be  exact,  on 
the  northeast  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe  streets,  is  the 

First  National  Bank  Building— &  structure  frequently  referred  to  in  this  volume. 
[See  First  National  Bank.]  This  building  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  old 
Post  Office  and  Custom  House,  destroyed  by  fire  in  1871.  After  the  fire  the  ruin  was 
transformed  into  the  Adelphia,  afterward  Haverly's  Theatre.  The  First  National 
Bank  secured  a  lease  of  the  ground  from  the  School  Board,  and  erected  a  $500,000 
block  upon  it  in  1882.  The  bank  pays  6  per  cent,  on  the  value  of  the  property.  The 
building  is  six  stories  high,  and  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  structures  in  the  country. 
The  entire  first  floor  is  used  by  the  bank,  and  is  said  to  be  the  finest  and  largest  bank- 
ing room  in  the  world.  The  visitor  will  find  this  an  interesting  place  during  business 
hours.  [See  Illustration.]  Across  the  street  is  the  office  of  the  Evening  Journal, 
Thompson's  immense  restaurant  where  four  thousand  meals  are  served  every  day, 
the  Saratoga  and  the  Windsor  Hotels  and  the  Stock  Exchange  building.  [See  Stock 


582  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO, 

Exchange.]  On  the  southeast  corner  of  Madison  and  Dearborn  streets  is  the  Tribune 
building  and  publication  office  [see  Tribune]  and  on  the  corner  diagonally  opposite  is 
the  Inter  Ocean  building  and  publication  office.  To  the  right,  just  half  a  block  down 
Madison  street,  is  McVicker's  theatre.  Keeping  straight  ahead  up  Dearborn  street 
we  pass  many  elegant  buildings,  and  come  to  the 

Portland  Block,  on  the  southeast  cornerof  Dearborn  and  Washington  streets.  This 
is  an  imposing  structure  of  modern  design.  Built  soon  after  the  fire,  the  Portland 
block  stands  as  a  monument  to  the  energy  of  capitalists  whose  faith  in  the  future  of 
Chicago  was  not  shaken  by  the  overwhelming  misfortune.  They  had  no  scruples 
about  placing  $200,100  in  this  structure,  which  has  always  ranked  as  a  popular  place 
for  the  old  and  conservative  men  engaged  in  professional  and  mercantile  pursuits. 
To  keep  pace  with  modern  improvements  its  owners  have  recently  spent  $30,000  in 
providing  new  light-shafts  and  lowering  the  entrance  to  the  level  of  the  street.  Sixty 
suites  of  rooms  are  occupied  principally  by  lawyers  and  capitalists.  Crossing  Wash- 
ington street  we  come  to  the 

Chemical  Bank  Building,  one  of  the  most  magnificent  structures  of  its  kind  in  the 
city.  The  building  is  owned  by  the  Abstract  Safety  Vault  Company.  There  are  1U 
elegant  offices  in  the  building,  arranged  in  suites  of  three  rooms  each,  fitted  up  in 
the  most  modern  style.  We  come  now  to  the 

Unity  Building,  a  sixteen-story  structure,  of  steel  and  glass,  and  one  of  the  most 
graceful  specimens  of  modern  commercial  architecture  to  be  seen  here  This  building 
bears  a  name  which  is  familiar  to  all  old  Chicagoans.  The  former  Unity  building  was 
considered  a  first-class  office  structure  after  the  great  fire,  but  it  soon  passed  into  the 
fourth  or  fifth  class.  It  is  said  the  McCormick  Block,  adjoining,  is  to  be  torn  down  to 
make  room  for  another  immense  office  building.  The  new  skyscraper  will  probably 
be  erected  after  the  Fair.  The  McCormick  block  has  a  frontage  of  100  feet  on 
Dearborn  street  and  a  frontage  of  eighty  feet  on  Eandolph  street.  This  property 
was  purchased  by  L.  J.  McCormick  from  C.  H.  McCormick,  March  26,  1877,  for 
$360,000.  Mr.  McCormick  has  since  refused  $450,000  for  his  purchase.  The  prop- 
erty between  the  McCormick  corner  and  the  alley  is  now  owned  by  Dr.  T.  G. 
Richardson.  It  has  a  Dearborn  street  frontage  of  eighty  feet  and  a  depth  of  1.0 
feet.  It  was  purchased  from  Eugene  S.  Pike,  in  1880,  for  868,894.  The  building  then 
on  the  property  was  known  as  the  Rice  building.  Dr.  Richardson  improved  the  build- 
ing and  called  it  the  Unity  building.  Judge  J.  P  Altgeld  recently  leased  the  Unity 
Block  property  for  a  term  of  ninety-nine  years,  with  the  agreement  to  erect  a  building 
costing  not  less  than  $150,000  before  May  1,  1895.  It  now  seems  probable  that  four 
years  before  the  stipulated  time  these  improvements  will  be  inaugurated.  The  plan, 
substantially,  is  to  improve  the  entire  180  feet  of  frontage  with  one  of  the  biggest  office 
and  business  buildings  in  Chicago.  On  our  way  north  we  pass  the  Borden  Block,  the 
Tremont  House  and  several  other  handsome  buildings.  It  is  now  time  to  leave  off 
sight-seeing  for  the  day.  We  will  meet  on  the  State  street  bridge  to-morrow  morning. 
EIGHTH  DAY. 

Starting  from  State  st.  bridge  this  morning  we  will  endeavor  to  do  the  great  retail 
avenue  of  Chicago,  or  at  least  a  portion  of  it,  before  the  day  closes.  This  thorough-- 
fare, as  it  opens  out  before  us,  from  the  slight  elevation  on  which  we  stand,  is  one  of 
the  grandest  commercial  arteries  in  the  world.  By  looking  up  "  State  Street "  in  the 
Index  you  will  learu  that  it  is  the  longest  in  the  city,  extending  as  it  does  from  North 
ave.  to  the  southern  limits,  a  distance  of  eighteen  miles.  There  are  streets  in  Paris,  espe- 
cially those  converging  at  the  Grand  Opera  House,  which,  by  reason  of  the  uniformity 
of  the  style  of  architecture  so  closely  adhered  to  under  the  last  empire,  present  a  more 
pleasing  view  at  first  sight,  perhaps,  than  does  State-  st.  from  this  point.  This  very  uni- 
formity in  style  soon  becomes  tiresome,  and  the  visitor  is  half  inclined  to  wish  that  it  were 


THE   GUIDE.  583 

broken  here  and  there,  no  matter  how.  If  you  are  fr  >m  Paris,  State  st.  will  remind 
you  of  Avenue  de  1'Opera,  or  of  the  Avenue  Malsherbes,  from  the  steps  of  the  Made- 
lame  ;  if  from  Berlin,  Frederich  Strasse  or  Leipzif?er  Strasse  will  be  recalled  to  your 
mind ;  if  from  Vienna,  you  will  see  a  resemblance  to  some  sections  of  the  Ring  Strasse  ; 
if  from  London,  Regent  st.  may  be  suggested ;  if  from  Dublin,  a  part  of  Sackville  st.. 
a:though  you  will  miss  the  Nelson  Monument.  All  of  the  great  streets  of  the  world 
to-day  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  each  other,  although  there  is  in  reality  a  vast  dif- 
ference between  them.  But  let  us  be  moving.  We  pass 

South  Water  St.,  and  pause  for  a  moment  to  look  Bast  and  West.  Here  apparently 
is  a  blockade  and  a  confusion  of  tongues— wagon  and  human.  The  street  is  completely 
clogged.  It  would  be  all  your  life  is  worth  to  venture  down  the  middle  of  it,  and  you 
can  only  pass  along  the  sidewalks  by  climbing  over  fruit  boxes,  chicken  crates  and 
barrels.  There  is  a  mixed  odor  here  of  onions,  strawberries,  California  grapes,  Florida 
oranges,  pickles,  saur  kraut,  hay,  wet  straw,  fresh  fish  and  e  -gs  of  uncertain  age. 
This  is  the  great  fruit,  vegetable  and  poultry  market  of  the  city.  You  should  visit  this 
street  early  in  the  morning  and  forje  your  way  through  from  one  erd  to  the  other. 
Pe  haps  you  will  witness  more  human  activity  here  than  anywhere  else  in  Chicago, 
excepting  during  business  hours  on  the  floor  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  But  we  can  not 
tarry  longer.  Moving  south  we  pass  the  great  wholesale  grocery  establishment  of 
Reid,  Murdoch  &  Co.  This  is  their  principal,  but  not  their  only,  warehouse.  East  of 
here,  on  Michigan  ave.,  extending  to  Central  ave.,  they  occupy  several  store-rooms. 
We  pass  a  number  of  prominent  concerns,  among  them  the  immense  glass  and  queens- 
ware  house  of  Pifiiu  &  Brooks,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  State  and  Lake  sts.  This  is 
a  house  worth  visiting,  and  you  will  have  an  opportunity  further  on  of  going  through 
the  floors  filled  with  all  the  novelties  of  foreign  and  domestic  manufacture,  in  crystal, 
china  and  porcelain  ware.  We  leave 

LakeStrect,  formerly  the  great  retai  street  of  the  city,  behind  us.  Itisnowgtven 
over  to  the  hardware,  cutljry,  leather,  rubber  and  machinery  trade.  Passing  on  we 
come  to  the  northeast  corner  of  State  and  Randolph  sts.,  where  the  walls  of  the  great 

Masonic  Temple  towers  skyward  above  us.  Here  you  will  be  interested  for 
some  time.  Here  we  find  the  most  marvellous  structure,  taken  as  a  whole,  in 
the  center  of  the  business  district.  The  idea  of  a  grand  Masonic  temple  in 
Chicago  had  been  encouraged  by  Western  Masons  for  the  last  twenty  years. 
Numerous  agitations  of  the  projejt  were  started  but  fell  through,  partly  lor  want  of 
some  one  who  was  willing  to  take  the  responsibility,  and  partly  because  the  money 
could  not  be  raised.  For,  though  the  Masons  as  individuals  are  wealthy,  the  lodges  are 
kept  poor  by  their  liberal  charities  and  funeral  expenses  In  1873  Norman  T.  Gassette, 
then  eminent  commander  of  the  Apollo  Commandery,  renewed  the  agitation  of  this 
subject,  in  connection  with  a  special  effort  to  secure  for  the  site  of  such  a  ttmple 
the  lot  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe,  streets,  on  which  the  Stock 
Exchange  now  stands.  But  there  was  no  adhesiveness  among  the  Masons  whom  he 
was  able  to  interest  in  the  scheme,  and  the  old  trouble  of  a  lack  of  money  killed  it. 
The  last  and  successful  effort  in  behalf  of  this  enterprise  originated  in  December,  1^89, 
when  Gil  W.  Barnard  and  Dr.  J.  B.  Fatrich,  of  Van  Rensselaer  Lodge,  issued  a  call  for 
a  meeting  of  prominent  Masons  to  consider  this  subject.  This  call  had  several  other 
names  appended  to  it,  among  which  was  that  of  Mr.  Gassette,  and  was  addressed  to 
sixty  Masons.  The  meeting  took  place  in  Mr.  Barnard's  office  in  the  same  month.  The 
result  was  that  General  John  Corson  Smith  appointed  a  committee  of  ten, 
with  Mr.  Gassette  as  chairman,  to  select  a  location  for  a  Masonic  Temple,  to 
devise  ways  and  means  for  erecting  the  building  and  to  report  to  a  meeting  of  the 
craft  to  be  held  subsequently.  The  committee  addressed  itself  to  the  task  with  great 
energy,  and  about  a  month  later  a  meeting  of  130  members  of  the  craft  was  called  at 


584  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

the  Oriental  Consistory  preceptory  to  hear  their  report  and  consider  their  recommen- 
dations. The  committee  in  the  meanwhile  had  had  several  sites  offered  them,  but  had 
definitely  selected  the  lots  at  the  northeast  corner  of  State  and  Randolph  streets.  The 
report  was  heard  and  approved  in  many  particulars,  and  the  committee  was  dis- 
charged. Immediately  thereafter,  however,  the  meeting  appointed  Norman  T.  Gas- 
sette,  Amos  Grannis  and  E.  R.  Bliss  a  committee  to  carry  out  the  plan  that  had  been 
proposed.  There  was  no  particular  organization  and  everything  devolved  on  this 
committee,  with  no  instructions  but  to  "go  ahead."  The  committee  took  the  meeting 
at  its  word  and  went  ahead  in  the  most  approved  fashion.  In  less  than  a  month,  with- 
out any  organization  or  corporate  authority  whatever,  it  had  purchased  the  site  for 
$1,100,000  and  opened  books  for  stock.  On  April  4th,  the  Secretary  of  State,  issued 
articles  of  incorporation  to  the  Ma?onic  Fraternity  Temple  Association,  with  Norman 
T.  Gassette,  Amos  Grannis,  E.  R.  Bliss,  John  Buehler  and  0.  H.  Blakeley  as  directors. 
The  officers  subsequently  elected  were:  Norman  T.  Gassette,  president;  Amos  Gran- 
nis, vice-president;  E.  R.  Bliss,  secretary:  rind  Warren  G.  Purdy,  treasurer.  The  com- 
pany was  capitalized  at  $2,000,00^,  and  the  price  of  stock  was  fixed  at  $100  per  share. 

The  building  is  pronounced  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  Even  a  brief 
description  of  it  would  seem  to  justify  that  opinion.  The  site,  every  inch  of  which  it 
covers,  measures  170  feet  on  State  st.  by  114  feet  on  Randolph  st.,  and  is  entirely  sur- 
rounded bv  streets  and  alleys.  The  building  rests  on  cement  and  iron  foundations, 
extending  far  out  into  the  adjacent  thoroughfares,  and  the  superstructure  is  of  steel, 
and  perfectly  fire-proof  from  bottom  to  top.  It  has  twenty  gtorics,  and  the  height  of 
the  building  is  nearly  265  feet.  The  first  three  stories  are  faced  with  dressed  red 
Montello  granite,  from  Wisconsin,  with  glimpses  of  carving,  the  corners  being 
ornamented  with  electral  layers.  The  remaining  stories  are  faced  with  gray  brick 
that  is  indistinguishable  from  granite,  each  measuring  four  by  five  by  fourteen 
inches.  Between  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  stories  terra  cotta  of  the  same 
shade  is  used.  No  particular  style  of  architecture  can  be  predicated  of  this  build- 
ing, though  the  arches  visible  on  some  parts  of  the  gigantic  facade  suggests 
the  Romanesque.  The  design  presents  a  faint  resemblance  of  a  main  building 
fronts  are  finished  in  exactly  the  same  costly  and  elegant  style.  There  are  three  tiers 
of  deeply  recessed  bay  windows  on  each  front,  extending  from  the  third  to  the  fif- 
teenth story,  both  inclusive.  The  windows  of  the  second  and  sixteenth  stories  are 
combined  in  groups  of  two,  within  deep  Roman  arches.  The  seventeenth  story  is 
treated  separately  from  the  rest  of  each  facade.  The  entrance  is  through  an  immense 
granite  arch  twenty-eight  feet  wide  and  forty -two  feet  high  in  the  center  of  the  State 
street  front. 

This  gorg  eous  edifice  has  an  interior  court  something  like  that  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  building,  the  floor  of  which  measures  90  feet  north  and  south  by  45  feet  east 
and  west.  The  walls  of  this,court  are  faced  from  bottom  to  top  with  different  colored 
marble,  and  at  the  east  side  of  it  a  magnificent  bronze  staircase  ascends  from  the 
ground  floor  to  the  roof.  The  interior  finish  of  the  building  is  of  mos  aic  floors,  marble 
and  onyx  walls,  and  old  oak  woodwork.  East  of  the  court,  disposed  in  a  semi-circle, 
are  fourteen  passenger  and  two  freight  elevators  running  from  the  basement  to  the 
attic,  and  making  a  round  trip  every  three  minutes.  The  whole  building  is  heated  by 
steam,  and  supplied  with  electrical  and  pneumatic  connect  ions  in  great  prof  usion.  The 
basement  is  devoted  to  an  immense  cafe,  with  its  appurtenances,  and  waiting  rooms, 
toilet  rooms,  coal  rooms  and  boiler  rooms.  Perhaps  the  most  surprising  thing  that 


w  3. 

T)  O 

JO  (= 

0  S- 

s 


THE   GUIDE.        •  585 

can  be  said  concerning  this  immense  building  is  that  every  floor  of  it  from  the  pave- 
ment to  the  eleventh  floor  inclusive  is  fitted  up  for  shops.  There  are  a!so  four  shop 
like  booths  on  the  floor  of  the  court.  The  floors  from  the  eleventh  to  the  sixteenth 
inclusive  are  fitted  up  as  business  offices.  Above  the  sixteenth  floor,  and  beneath  the 
roof,  everything  is  sacred  to  masonry.  On  the  seventeenth  floor  the  entire  south  wing, 
50  by  109  feet  in  size,  is  devoted  to  a  drill  hall.  The  similar  space  in  the  north  wing  is 
divided  between  the  blue  lodge  rooms.  The  intermediate  room,  on  the  State  street 
front,  40  by  80  feet  in  size,  is  a  banqueting  hall.  On  the  eighteenth  floor,  over  the  drill 
hall  is  a  gorgeous  consistory  room,  with  arched  roof  and  galleries  on  three  sides.  Over 
the  banqueting  hall  are  parlors.  *  'Over  the  blue  lodge  rooms  is  the  Apo'lo  Command- 
ery  preceptory.  In  the  remaining  two  stories  are  a  number  of  smaller  room?. 
Even  here  the  description  does  not  end,  for  on  the  roof  of  the  building  there  are 
to  be  hanging  gardens,  covered  with  glass  roof  and  walls  that  are  to  rival  the  abode 
of  the  gods.  It  is  given  out  that  there  may  be  refreshments  up  there,  but  everything 
that  inebriates  will  be  remorselessly  banished.  There  is  no  danger  that  the  people 
who  come  here  in  1893  to  see  the  Columbian  Exposition  will  go  away  disappointed. 
Whatever  the  exposition  may  be,  and  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  it  will  be  the 
grandest  ever  held  the  city  itself  will  have  attractions  enough  to  entertain  the  most 
exacting  of  visitors.  Chicago  was  here  before  the  exposition  was  thought  of;  it  will 
be  here  when  the  exposition  shall  ,have  become  but  a  faint  memory,  and,  in  itself,  it 
will  always  be  worthy  of  a  visit  from  the  people  of  foreign  lands.  Directly  across 
Randolph  street,  and  facing  State  street,  is  the 

Central  Music  Hall,  one  of  the  finest  concert  and  lecture  rooms  in  the  city.  LSee 
Central  Music  Hall.]  This  elegant  structure  was  erected  by  a  number  of  public- 
spirited  capitalists,  whose  interest  was  aroused  by  the  late  George  B.  Carpenter,  a  brainy, 
brilliant  and  indefatigable  young  man,  who  had  accomplished  almost  a  life's  work  in 
the  way  of  creating  and  encouraging  a  taste  for  musical  and  literary  entertainments 
in  Chicago  before  he  was  stricken  down.  He  lived  to  see  the  Central  Music  Hall 
dream  realized,  but  passed  away  before  he  could  reap  the  reward  of  his  labors.  His 
d^ath  was  mourned  by  his  associates  and  regretted  by  the  entire  community.  The 
Central  Music  Hall,  like  other  structures  in  this  city  which  a  few  years  ago  were 
looked  upon  and  pointed  out  with  justifiable  pride,  is  to-day  cast  into  the  shade  by 
newer  and  more  magnificent  edifices ;  but,  nevertheless,  it  will  remain,  for  many  years 
to  come,  an  ornament  to  the  neighborhood  in  which  it  stands.  Walking  south,  we 
pass  the  elegant  show-windows  of  Burley  &  Co.'s  china  and  glassware  house,  and  the 
beautiful  display  which  we  see  inside  tempts  us  to  enter;  but  you  will  postpone  your 
visit  until  I  am  through  with  you.  We  are  now  in  the  center  of  what  was  formerly 
the 

South  Market  Square  of  the  city.  [See  Market  Squares.]  Here  in  other  days  stood 
a  market  house  after  the  fashion  of  the  time,  in  which  was  located  a  police  station,  and 
a  volunteer  fire  company's  apparatus.  One  night  during  the  mayoralty  of  "  Long  " 
John  Wentworth  that  whimsical  individual  took  it  into  his  head  to  remove  all  the  over- 
hanging signs  and  awnings  in  the  city.  Chicago  was  still  a  country  town,  and  in  front 
of  nearly  every  store  was  a  permanent  wooden  awning,  such  as  you  will  find  to  this  day 
much  in  vogue  in  the  smaller  Western  and  Southern  cities.  Chicago  merchants  have 
always  been  tireless  andjslecpless  pursuers  of  trade  and  they  advertised  extensively  then 
as  they  do  now,  but  in  a  different  manner.  In  John  Wentworth 's  time  they  hung  out 
banners  and  wooden  signs  from  the  front  windows  of  the  buildings.  They  also  used 
immense  wooden  signs  elevated  on  posts  Avhich  stood  on  the  edge  of  the  sL'.ewalks. 
These  advertisements  and  highly  colored  awnings  gave  a  lively  and  picturesque  air  to 
the  business  center,  but  they  also  had  their  faults.  They  obstructed  the  sidewalks 
and  interfered  with  the  volunteer  fire  department  in  the  discharge  of  its  duties.  Mer- 


586  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

chants  had  fallen  into  the  habit,  likewise,  of  piling  their  empty  goods  cases  on  the 
sidewalks,  also,  in  the  way  of  advertisement,  and  the  merchant  who  could  show  the 
greatest  number  of  fresh-looking  empty  cases  in  front  of  his  store  in  the  spring  and 
fall  was  the  one  who  received  the  credit  of  doing  the  greatest  amount  of  business. 
Well,  "  Long  "  John,  as  I  have  said,  took  it  into  his  head  one  night  to  put  an  end  to  this 
sort  of  business.  He  engaged  every  express  and  dray  wagon  in  the  town  and  hired 
fifty  or  sixty  laborers  to  execute  his  orders.  Before  morning  the  space  all  around  the 
south  market  house  was  covered  with  awnings,  signs  and  dry  goods  boxes.  No  favors 
were  shown  and  no  exceptions  made.  Many  of  the  awnings  were  costly  ones;  some  ot 
the  signs  had  been  painted  in  the  East,  but  all  were 'pulled  down  and  piled  together, 
regardless  of  consequences.  Of  cours:-  the  indignation  in  "  business  circles  "  next  day 
was  intense,  and  of  course  "Long"  John  was  the  most  unpopular  man  in  town  for 
awhile,  but  the  wisdom  of  his  move  was  soon  recognized  even  by  the  greatest  sufferers, 
and  Chicago  has  never  had  any  wooden  awnings  since.  During  a  recent  administra- 
tion, however,  awnings  of  another  character  have  been  winked  at,  and  overhanging 
wire  signs  again  disfigure  the  business  district.  Sidewalk  signs  are  also  becoming 
rather  too  common.  Perhaps  before  the  Columbian  Exposition  opens  we  will  have  a 
mayor  who  is  possessed  of  sufficient  nerve  to  do  his  duty,  even  though  by  doing  so  he  may 
offend  the  proprietors  of  saloons  and  the  managers  of  theatres.  But  this  doesn't  con- 
cern you.  The  fact  that  this  portion  of  State  street  was  once  a  market  square  will 
explain  its  extraordinary  width.  But  it  does  not  explain  how  the  street  came  to  be 
widened  as  far  south  as  Madison.  There  was  a  movement  on  foot  years  ago  to  increase 
the  width  of  the  street  to  the  south  line  of  Madison.  There  were  meetings  of 
property  owners  and  there  were  special  meetings  of  the  city  council.  Resolutions 
were  adopted  and  meaningless  ordinances  were  passed,  lookiug  to  the  desired  end.  A 
certain  man  owned  the  greater  part  of  the  frontage  on  the  west  side  of  State,  between 
Randolph  and  Madison  streets,  where  all  those  elegant  buildings  stand  now.  Property 
was  not  quite  so  valuable  here  then  as  it  is  now,  but  a  lot  on  State  street  represented  a 
small  fortune  even  in  those  days.  The  man  who  owned  this  frontage  was  a  quiet, 
thoughtful,  business  man  then,  as  he  is  now.  His  name  was  and  is 

Potter  Palmer — While  the  citizens'  meetings  and  the  city  council  meetings  were  pass- 
ing resolutions  and  enacting  meaningless  ordinances,  Mr.  Palmer  was  developing-  a 
plan  for  the  widening  of  State  st.,  in  his  own  mind.  This  plan  was  »  simple  one.  He 
carried  it  out.  How?  By  presenting  the  city  of  Chicago  with  the  frontage,  taken  from 
his  own  lots,  necessary  to  give  this  section  of  State  st.  a  uniform  width.  He  did  it 
modestly.  It  was  done  so  quickly  and  so  quietly  that  the  citizens  and  the  city  council 
were  taken  by  surprise.  There  was  no  further  business,  so  far  as  State  st.  was  con- 
cerned, before  them,  and  they  adjourned.  The  sacrifice  made  by  Mr.  Palmer  was  a  great 
one.  Every  foot  of  the  property  he  so  generously  gave  away  for  the  public  good 
represented  a  large  sum  of  money.  Nobody  has  ever  heard  him  speak  of  it,  however. 
Only  old  citizens  remember  it  now.  Potter  Palmer's  generosity  made  State  st.  what  it 
is  to-day,  for  if  it  had  not  been  widened  the  retail  business  would  have  long  since 
sought  another  avenue  not  far  away.  And  while  I  am  on  this  subject,  I  want  to  say 
to  you,  not  exactly  what  I  think  about  Potter  Palmer,  but  what  all  Chicagoans  who 
know  anything  about  this  man  feel.  To  Potter  Palmer,  more,  perhaps,  than  to  any 
living  man,  is  due  the  present  great-iess  of  Chicago.  His  influence  has  always  been  a 
mighty,  if  a  silent,  force,  in  the  development  of  this  city.  He  has  never  lost  faith  in 
her  future.  Time  and  again  his  counsel,  his  Judgment  and  his  purse  have  saved  the 
credit  of  the  community  abroad.  When  the  reaction  which  followed  the  civil  war  set 
iu.  when  values  became  demoralized,  when  the  shrinkage  in  prices  destroyed  the  capi- 
tal of  some  of  the  strongest  houses  in  existence  here.  Potter  Palmer  stood  as  firm  as  a 
rock  between  our  merchants  and  bankruptcy,  and  compelled  their  creditors  to  make 


THE    GUI  DR.  587 

• 

fair  and  honorable  terms.  After  the  great  fire,  though  one  of  the  heaviest  sufferersi 
he  was  one  of  the  first  to  step  into  the  debris  and  proclaim  that  Chicago  should  not 
only  be  rebuilt,  but  should  arise  from  its  ashes  greater  than  ever.  The  story  of  the 
rebuilding  of  the  Palmer  House,  which  we  will  see  farther  down  the  street,  if  prop- 
erly told,  would  read  like  a  fairy  tale.  By  day  and  by  night,  uncer  the  blaze  of  the 
sun  and  in  the  glare  of  torches  and  calcium  lights,  the  work  never  ceased  until  the 
nUjiiificent  structure  was  completed.  Practically  penniless,  then,  and  for  years 
afterward,  Potter  Palmer  commanded  unlimited  credit  at  home  and  abroad.  The 
man's  integrity  was  his  capital,  and  it  secured  for  him  the  means  whereby  he  has 
been  enabled,  during  the  past  twenty  years,  not  only  to  retrieve  the  fortune  he  had 
lost  in  a  single  night,but  to  build  up  a  new  and  a  greater  one.  The  great  retail  houses 
which  we  see  on  either  side  of  the  street,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  have  all  grown 
up  during  a  remarkably  brief  period.  The  oldest  of  them,  in  comparison  with  Euro- 
pean houses  are  merely  in  their  infancy.  This  is  a  busy  street.  We  will  have  to 
stand  close  to  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk  or  we  will  be  carried  along  by  the  crowd. 
I  don't  think  you  ever  saw  so  many  well-dressed  people  anywhere.  Most  of  them  are 
ladies.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  what  the  world  calls  style  to  be  seen  a.'ong  here  at 
all  hours  of  the  day.  Just  now  the  young  ladies  are  pouring  out  of  the 

Chicago  College  of  Music,  located  in  the  Central  Music  Hall  building.  This  institu- 
tion is  conducted  under  the  management  of  Dr.  F.  Ziegfeld,  and  a  board  of  directors, 
consisting  ol  Rev.  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas,  Wm.  M.  Hoy t,  Gen.  Chas.  Fitz  Simons,  Dr.  F. 
Ziegl'eld,  Dr.  Philip  H.  Matthei,  N.  K.  Fairbank,  W.  W.  Kimball,  J.  Harley  Bradley, 
Jul' us  Rosenthal,  F.  Ziegfeld,  Jr.  The  faculty  is  a  large  one  and  said  to  be  the  best 
in  the  country.  This  college  has  graduated  some  of  the  leading  musicians  of  the 
day.  The  young  ladies  you  see  coming  out  now  evidently  belong  to  the  junior 
class.  Every  one  of  them  carries  a  roll  of  music,  bound  up  in  a  patent  leather  case, 
in  her  dainty  hand.  This  evening,  should  you  chance  to  be  on  one  of  the  avenues  or 
the  boulevards,  you  will  hear  her  entertaining  her  fond  parents,  or  perhaps  her 
fonder  lover,  with  some  elementary  exercises.  Young  ladies,  I  believe,  no  longer  play 
tne  "Maiden's  Prayer,"  or  the  "Monastery  Bells,"  as  they  did  in  my  time.  I  hear 
thatthcy  have  dropped  even  the  "Thunderstorm,"  which  used  to  involve  the  er6s6- 
ing  of  hands  and  the  screwing  of  the  hurricane  pedal  to  the  parlor  floor.  WbiH 
we  are  here  I  might  as  well  tell  you  that  this  is  the  starting  point  of  all  the  South 
Side  and  many  of  the  West  and  North  Side  street  cars.  The  West  Side  cable  loop  is 
farther  west  at  present,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  West  Side  cars  will  swing  around 
here  again,  as  they  formerly  did,  before  many  months  go  by.  I  will  leave  you  here 
to  watch  the  crowds  and  to  follow  them  if  you  wish. 
NINTH  DAY. 

I  am  glad  that  you  enjoyed  your  afternoon  on  State  street.  It  was  a  beautiful 
day  for  a  promenade,  and  you  wound  it  up  quite  appropriately  by  spending  the  even- 
ing at  the  Columbia.  This  evening  you  should  attend  the  Chicago  Opera  House  per- 
formance. To-morrow  evening  go  to  Hooley's  and  next  evening  to  the  Grand  Opera 
House.  Under  the  heading  of  "  Amusements  "  you  will  learn  something  about  these 
places.  To-day  we  find  ourselves  in  front  of  the  dry  goods  palace  which  bears  the 
naT.e  of 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.— You  have  heard  of  Field's  before.  Everybody  in  this  coun- 
try has,  and,  in  commercial  circles,  at  least,  the  house  is  known  throughout  the  civil- 
iz'd  world.  It  is  not  only  the  greatest  dry  goods  establishment  in  this  country,  but 
greater  than  any  in  existence  abroad.  This  is  the  retail  store;  the  wholesale  house  we 
will  fee  ,'atcr  on.  Perhaps  you  remember  that  the  style  of  this  firm  only  a  few  }'ears 
ag  ^  wr.s  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  Mr.  Letter  retired,  and  Mr.  Field  remained,  forming  a 


588  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

• 

new  partnership,  and  great  as  the  house  was  when  the  dissolution  took  place— a  disso- 
lution, by  the  way,  which  surprised  and  startled  the  country  at  the  time— it  is  three 
times  as  great  to-day.  I  can  not  do  better  than  to  give  you  here,  word  for  word,  what 
a  writer  in  the  New  York  Sun,  in  1891,  told  his  readers  regarding  this  great  establish- 
ment. It  would  be  impossible  for  me  to  improve  upon  it,  for  this  writer  evidently 
procured  his  information  from  persons  who  were  acquainted  with  the  history,  the  pol- 
icy and  business  of  the  house  and  its  principal  owner.  The  American  merchant,  says 
this  writer,  who  in  point  of  wealth  and  vastness  of  business  dealings  must  be  ranked 
first  among  "the  rich  by  honest  brains  and  industry  "is  a  man  whose  name  is  unfa- 
miliar to  most  of  the  readers  of  the  Sun.  His  home  is  not  in  New  York  but  in  Chi- 
cago, and  even  there  he  is  personally  little  known  in  comparison  with  the  promi- 
nence to  which  his  position  in  the  business  and  social  world  entitles  him.  He  is 

Marshall  Field,  the  head  of  the  great  house  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  general  mer- 
chants. The  career  of  no  great  leader  in  commercial  affairs  f  urHishes  an  example  of 
the  wise  application  of  sound  principles  and  safe  conservatism  so  striking  as  does  that  of 
Mr.  Field.  The  story  of  his  success  isehort  and  simple.  It  contains  no  exciting  chapters, 
but  in  its  very  dullness  lies  one  of  the  most  valuable  secrets  of  the  almost  boundless 
prosperity  which  it  records.  But  the  career  of  a  man  who,  starting  with  no  capital 
save  brains  and  energy,  accumulates  many  millions  and  builds  up  the  greatest  mercan- 
tile house  in  the  world,  is  pregnant  with  interest,  no  matter  how  lacking  it  may  be  in 
dramatic  action.  Its  most  encouraging  feature,  indeed,  is  the  fact  that  it  contains 
nothing  extraordinary;  that  there  is  nothing  in  it  which  any  man  of  the  same  natural 
equipment  may  not  hope  to  accomplish.  The  secret  of  Marshall  Field's  success  lies 
partly  in  his  business  methods  and  partly  in  his  environment.  The  ordinary  biograph- 
ical features  of  his  career  may  almost  be  described  in  a  paragraph.  Like  many  another 
of  the  men  who  have  been  foremost  in  creating  the  mighty  West,  Mr.  Field  is  a  New 
England  farmer's  son.  He  was  born  fifty-five  years  ago  among  the  hills  of  Conway, 
one  of  the  most  charming  of  little  western  Massachusetts  towns.  His  early  years  were 
those  of  most  farmer  lads.  He  received  a  good  education  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  local  academy  of  his  native  town;  bat  his  tastes  were  mercantile  rather  than  agri- 
cultural. In  1852,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  began  his  business  career.  He  went  to 
Pittsfield,  then  as  now  the  largest  town  in  the  Berkshire  hills,  and  obtained  employ- 
ment as  clerk  in  a  general  store.  He  remained  there  four  years.  In  that  time  he  had 
outgrown  the  business  and  the  town.  There  were  no  opportunities  in  sight  for  a 
young  man  of 'large  capacity  and  ambition.  He  went  straight  to  Chicago,  and  there 
he  has  been  ever  since.  There  was  no  guarantee  at  that  time  that  the  lake  town  would 
ever  become  the  Western  metropolis.  The  town  had  plenty  of  ambition  and  pluck, 
but  the  possibilities  of  greatness  were  scarcely  visible.  Then  and  for  a  long 
time  afterward  the  prospects  of  St.  Louis  were  by  many  considered  the 
brighter.'  But  Mr.  Field  became  a  Chicagoan  heart  and  soul.  He  has  done 
much  for  Chicago  and  Chicago  has  done  much  for  him.  The  story  of  his  success  is  a 
wonderful  close  index  of  the  history  of  the  city's  marvelous  growth.  An  almost 
exact  parallel  may  be  drawn  during  almost  any  of  the  thirty-five  years  between 
the  career  of  the  individual  and  the  history  of  the  town.  Man  and  city  are  of  the 
same  age.  Chicago,  it  may  be  said,  was  born  in  1835,  the  year  of  Mr.  Field's 
birth.  Her  first  census,  showing  some  4,000  inhabitants,  was  taken  two  years  later. 
The  lusty  young  town  became  a  full-fledged  city  of  50,000  or  60,000  people  at  just  the 
time  when  Mr.  Field,  having  reached  his  majority  in  1856,  cast  his  lot  with  the  other 
builders  of  a  metropolis. 

Mr.  Field  secured  employment  as  a  clerk  in  the  wholesale  dry  goods  house  of 
Cooley,  Farwell  &  Co.  His  equipment  in  the  outset  in  his  new  field  of  labor  was 
health  brains,  sound  principles  and  ambition.  Genuine  worth  did  not  ha  veto  wait 


THE    GUIDE.  589 

for  dead  men's  shoes  to  secure  recognition  in  the  broader  field  in  which  the  young 
man  found  himself.  His  good  qualities  were  promptly  discovered  by  his  employers 
and  availed  of  to  mutual  advantage.  Mr.  Field  remained  in  the  capacity  of  clerk 
only  four  years.  In  1860  he  was  made  a  partner.  In  1865  there  was  a  partial  reorgani- 
zation, the  new  firm  consisting  of  Mr.  Field,  L.  Z.  Leiter  and  Potter  Palmer,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Field,  Palmer  &  Leiter.  Two  years  later  Mr.  Palmer  withdrew,  and 
until  1881  the  style  of  the  firm  was  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.— Mr.  Leiter  retiring  in  the  latter 
year— and  since  that  time  the  firm  has  been  Marshall  Field  &  Co. 

TJie  Only  Break  in  the  unexampled  growth  of  what  has  become  the  greatest  mer- 
cantile house  in  the  world  was  that  made  by  the  fire  of  1871.  In  that  great  calamity 
Mr.  Field  suffered  proportionately  with  the  city  itself.  His  firm  then  did  business  at 
State  and  Washington  streets,  the  present  site  of  the  retail  house  of  Marshall  Field  Ac 
Co.  Everything  was  swept  away  by  the  flames,  involving  a  loss  of  $3,500,000.  The 
firm  eventually  recovered  $2,500,000  insurance.  The  disaster  was  met  with  character- 
istic energy  and  indomitable  pluck..  While  the  ruins  still  smoked  new  quarters 
were  opened  by  the  firm  in  the  street-car  barns  at  State  and  Twentieth  streets,  and 
rebuilding  was  at  once  begun  on  the  old  site.  The  firm  also  began  the  erection  of  a 
separate  wholesale  house  at  Madison  and  Market  streets.  Their  new  buildings  were 
among  the  first  of  the  permanent  structures  completed  after  the  fire.  The  retail  estab- 
lishment was  taken  possession  of  in  1872,  and  it  still  ranks  as  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
appointed  structures  for  retail  trade  in  the  country.  Within  a  dozen  years  the  new 
wholesale  quarters  proved  inadequate  to  the  tremendous  growth  of  business,  and  the 
erection  of  the  present  great  structure  was  begun  in  1885.  It  was  completed  in  1887, 
and  it  comprises  probably  the  largest  and  best  arranged  building  for  mercantile  pur- 
poses in  the  world.  It  occupies  an  entire  block,  bounded  by  Adams,  Franklin,  and 
Quincy  streets,  and  Fifth  avenue,  in  the  heart  of  the  business  section.  It  is  of  granite 
and  sandstone,  plain  and  substantial.  Chicago  smoke  has  turned  it  almost  black,  and 
it  looks  somewhat  like  one  of  London's  old  and  massive  government  buildings.  The 
unadorned  structure  bears  no  external  indication  of  its  use.  There  is  no  announce- 
ment or  sig-n  upon  it  save  a  brass  plate  bearing  the  firm  name  at  the  main  entrance  on 
Adams  street.  The  interior  is  divided  by  two  thick  parti-walls  into  three  section?, 
with  communication,  on  each  floor  through  double  doors  of  heavy  iron.  The  ground 
floor  of  the  middle  section  <s  occupied  in  part  by  the  counting  room,  where  scores  of 
clerks,  seated  at  a  vast  array  of  desks,  keep  the  books  of  the  great  establishment.  In 
the  other  sections  and  floors  are  the  goods,  systematically  arranged  for  wholesale 
trade.  Probably  under  no  one  roof  is  gathered  so  vast  a  quantity  of  material  designed 
to  meet  the  general  wants  of  mankind.  The  greater  part  would  be  included  under 
the  general  term  dry  goods,  but  the  variety  is  almost  without  limit,  and  it  includes 
carpets,  curtain  goods,  and,  in  fact,  about  everything  within  the  domain  of  house  and 
personal  equipment ;  and  even  now  the  great  establishment  is  crowded  so  that  this 
broadest  expansion  possible  under  one  roof  is  likely  before  long  to  prove  'too  small 
for  the  demands  of  trade. 

The  Business  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  has  increased  from  $8,000,000  twenty  years  ago 
to  §35,COO,000  annually.  No  other  house  can  approach  these  figures.  The  field  covered 
by  the  vast  trade  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  is  the  West  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  the  South 
to  the  Gulf.  New  York  houses  control  the  Eastern  market.  This  great  volume  of 
business  has  yielded,  in  the  aggregate,  a  fair  profit.  Fully  $10,000,000  of  unincumbered 
real  estate  in  the  heart  of  the  city  is  owned  by  him,  and  he  is  among  the  largest  indi- 
vidual holders  in  the  West  of  railroad,  palace  car,  and  steel  and  iron  stocks. 

But  this  article  is  not  designed  to  be  a  mere  chronicle  of  Mr.  Field's  wonderful 
success  as  a  merchant.  A  point  of  greater  interest  is  suggested  by  the  inquiry:  In 


590  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

what  respects  do  Mr.  Field's  business  methods  and  general  policy  differ  from  those  of 
ordinary  business  men  ?  They  do  differ  in  two  or  three  important  particulars :  Marshall 
Field  never  gives  a  note ;  he  never  bought  a  share  of  stock  on  margin ;  he  never  bor- 
rows; there  is  not  a  dollar's  mortgage  upon  any  piece  of  real  estate  or  other  property 
which  he  owns;  he  does  business  on  a  cash  basis;  he  buys  for  cash  and  sells  on  shorter 
time  than  any  of  his  competitors ;  he  holds  his  customers  to  a  strict  enforcement  of 
their  contracts. 

Many  merchants  would  find  it  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  do  a  successful  busi- 
ness governed  by  Mr.  Field's  maxims.  Their  application  would  involve  a  sharp  con- 
traction of  their  volume  of  trade  and  the  sacrifice  of  many  pet  projects  of  investment 
or  speculation.  No  one  can  question  the  absolute  solvency  of  a  business  conducted 
according  to  Mr.  Field's  policy.  No  panic  can  shake  it,  few  bad  debts  can  swell  the 
profit  and  loss  account.  It  follows  that  goods  can  be  sold  at  a  smaller  margin  for 
profit  than  any  dealer  using  the  long  credit  system  can  afford. 

No  min  has  had  such  great  and  salutary  influence  upon  the  business  methods  of 
the  West  as  has  Mr.  Field.  He  is  unyielding,  even  relentless,  in  his  enforcement  of 
contracts,  but  many  a  retail  dealer  has  subsequently  thanked  him  for  compelling  him 
to  meet  an  obligation  when  due.  His  customers  throughout  the  great  West  number 
thousands.  Every  one  of  them  know  that  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  will  insist  on  prompt 
payment  when  the  thirty  or  sixty  days'  accommodation  has  expired.  The  result  is, 
they  keep  their  own  collections  well  in  hand,  and  allow  no  risky  accounts  to  get  upon 
'.heir  books.  As  a  friend  of  Mr.  Field,  who  has  watched  the  operation  of  his  system, 
recently  observed:  "  He  has  prevented  more  small  failures,  and  done  more  to  keep  the 
methods  of  trade  in  the  West  toned  up  to  sound  business  principles  than  any  other 
nan."  Of  course  one  effect  of  the  operation  of  his  system  has  been  to  give  him  the 
.rery  best  class  of  trade.  Dealers  of  shiftless  methods  know  they  can  not  trade  with 
lim.  If  one  attempts  it,  and  seeks  to  get  an  extension  of  credit  beyond  the  maxim  of 
ixty  days,  he  is  promptly  informed  that  his  trade  is  not  wanted  by  Marshall  Field  & 
Oo.  A  feature  of 

Mr.  Field's  Business  Methods,  which  his  a«sociates  say  has  borne  the  most 
valuable  fruit,  is  the  inflexible  integrity  of  his  representations.  No  employe  of 
his  firm  is  allowed  to  misrepresent  in  any  degree  the  qualities  of  his  wares.  An 
enviable  reputation  has  been  built  up  on  the  strength  of  thjs  rule.  The  firm's  adver- 
tisements are  relied  upon  by  the  public,  the  statements  of  its  salesmen  are.  accepted  in 
full  faith  by  purchasers.  It  is  said  to  be  Mr.  Field's  policy  to  do  business  on  small 
margins  of  profit,  preferring  to  do  a  large  trade  \yith  rapid  turning  over  of  capital, 
rather  than  a  smaller  volume  of  business  with  proportionately  large  returns.  One  rare 
trait  Mr.  Field  has  which  has  enabled  him  TO  take  the  fullest  advantage  of  his  business 
opportunities:  He  has  an  almo  t  instinctive  power  to  correctly  estimate  individual 
capacity.  He  is  quick  and  sure  in  recognizing  business  talent  among  his  employes. 
His  selections  of  men  always  prove  them  to  be  especially  adapted  to  the  duties  assigned 
them.  It  tollows  that  in  order  to  exercise  his  rare  judgment  of  men  to  best  advantage, 
Mr.  Field  must  be  closely  associated  with  his  great  army  of  employes.  He  has  no  less 
than  3.5(!U  persons  upon  his  payroll.  No  employer  in  Chicago  commands  more  loyal 
service  and  inspires  a  stronger  personal  regard— in  many  cases  amounting  to  genuine 
affection  —than  exists  among  the  employes  of  Marshall  Field.  There  is  not  a  cash  boy 
in  his  great  store  who  can  not  gain  Mr.  Field's  considerate  attention  at  any  time.  He  is 
on  all  occasions  as  considerate  of  the  feelings  of  his  subordinates  as  those  of  his  equals. 
While  his  great  corps  of  servants  is  thoroughly  disciplined,  they  are  treated  as  men 
and  women  of  refinement.  In  fact,  Mr.  Field  is  regarded  by  his  own  employes  as  an 
ideal  employer,  and  there  are  few,  far  too  few,  men  in  a  similar  situation  who  can  com- 
mand such  voluntary  tribute  from  those  most  likely  to  know  their  failings. 


THE   GUIDE.  591 

Mr.  Fieiii  has  always  been  a  hard  worker.  He  devotes  about  as  many  hours  to 
business  as  do  his  employes.  His  interests  have  become  so  vast  that  he  has,  of  course, 
surrendered  the  supervision  of  details  to  others,  though  he  keeps  himself  remarkably 
well  informed  regarding  all  branches  of  his  great  establishments.  Every  morning  he 
visits  the  retail  store  on  State  street,  remaining  there  an  hour  or  two.  The  rest 
of  the  day  he  spends  in  his  office  in  the  wholesale  building.  His  sanctum  is  in  one 
corner  of  the  middle  division  of  tha  first  floor  upon  the  Adams  street  front.  It  is  a 
small,  comfortable  room,  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  great  counting-room  only  by 
a  partition  eight  or  ten  feet  high.  His  private  secretary  sits  within  a  railed  inclosure 
just  outside.  Most  of  the  time  entrance  is  free  to  any  one  having  business  with  Mr. 
F.eld.  A  plain  roll-top  desk,  a  table,  and  chair  or  two,  with  a  neat  carpet,  furnish  this 
unpretentious  office.  The  visitor  finds  seated  at  the  desk  a  man  of  rather  spare  figure 
and  medium  height.  When  he  looks  up  the  face  is  kindly,  and  the  clear  gray  eyes, 
under  bushy  brows,  while  keenly  observant,  invite  confidence.  The  gray  hair  is 
almost  white,  and  the  heavy  moustache  has  also  lost  its  color.  Mr.  Field  will  not  allow 
hi-  photographed  likeness  to  appear  in  public  print.  Two  or  three  poorsketches  of  his 
face  have  been  printed,  but  they  do  not  correctly  represent  him.  He  i«,  in  fact, 

A  Man  of  Impressive  Presence;  dignified,  but  notsevere;  alert,  but  with  a  trace  of 
sadness  about  him;  strong,  but  with  a  ready  sympathy;  considerate  to  the  last  degree  of 
another's  sensibilities.  The  visitor  instantly  understands,  without  perhaps  being  able 
to  put  the  thought  in  words,  how  true  it  is  that  Marshall  Field's  word  is  as  good  as  hia 
bond.  He  gets  at  the  meat  of  every  subject  brought  before  him  with  two  or  three 
incisive  questions,  studying  tne  while  the  visitor's  face  if  he  be  a  stranger,  and  in  a 
few  moments  he  is  ready  for  whatever  decision  from  him  the  matter  may  call  for. 
Then  a  promise  from  him  in  a  matter,  however  trivial,  is  as  sure  of  fulfilment  as 
though  guaranteed  with  all  manner  of  formality.  Of  Mr.  Field's  social  life  little  need 
be  said.  HU  tastes  are  extremely  modest.  He  lives  in  quiet  luxury.  He  goes  little 
into  society,  and  he  has  never  been  in  public  life.  His  charities  are  generous  but 
unostentatious.  He  takes  an  intense  interest  in  the  good  name  of  his  adopted  city. 
No  man  does  so  much  as  he  in  his  contributions  in  the  interest  of  good  local  govern- 
ment. In  no  sense  a  politician  or  a  partisan,  he  nevertheless  is  a  leader  in  every  move- 
ment for  the  purification  of  the  government  of  Chicago.  He  never  appeal's  publicly 
in  these  efforts,  neither  does  he  allow  his  name  to  appear,  but  his  hearty  support  is 
always  enlisted.  His  gift  of  a  large  tract  of  land  for  the  erection  of  the  proposed 
buildings  of  the  new  Baptist  college  gave  the  impression  that  Mr.  Field  was  a  member 
of  that  denomination.  He  is,  in  fact,  a  Presbyterian.  Mr.  Field  is  married,  and  he  has 
a  son  and  daughter,  both  married.  He  is  a  member  of  the  principal  clubs,  and  occa- 
sionally visits  one  of  them.  No  man  possesses  or  deserves  in  higher  degree  the  honor 
and  esteem  of  his  friends  than  does  Marshall  Field.  No  active  figure  in  this  busy 
nineteenth  century  civilization  offers  a  truer  type  of  manhood  and  intelligent,  success- 
ful endeavor.  I  will  let  you  walk  through  the  great  retail  house  alone.  You  will  be 
able  to  secure  a  luncheon  here.  You  will  not  want  to  leave  the  house  before  even- 
ing, and  besides,  as  you  say,  you  have  some  shopping  to  do.  I  will  meet  you  here 
to-morrow. 
TENTH  DAY. 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s,  as  you  see,  is  on  the  ne.  cor.  of  State  and  Washington  sts. 
It  covers  almost  the  entire  half  block.  Although  a  number  of  buildings  have  been 
added  on  the  north  to  this  great  house,  the  establishment  is  still  cr.imped  for  room. 
The  Central  Music  Hall  building  checks  its  growth,  or  rather  prevents  it <  extension 
further  north.  As  soon  as  the  lease  which  Hurley  &  Co.  hold  expires,  Marshall  Field 
&  Co.  will  occupy  their  present  store-rooms.  They  have  already  all  the  floors  above. 
Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  it  is  un^erstiod,  have  secured  control  of  the  eal  estate  oover>nsr 
ove  three-fourths  of  the  block  in  which  their  present  retail  establishment  is  locate.^, 
with  the  entire  frontage  on  Washington  street  between  Holden  Place  and  WabasJ* 


592  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

avenue,  the  frontage  on  Wabash  avenue  between  Washington  and  Randolph  streets, 
and  the  frontage  on  Randolph  street  between  Wabash  avenue  and  Holden  Place.  The 
Central  Music  Hall  stands  on  the  corner  of  Randolph  and  State  streets,  as  we  have 
seen.  Mr.  Field  is  believed  to  be  the  largest  shareholder  in  this  property  also.  It  is 
claimed  that  the  firm  has  in  contemplation  the  erection  of  a  dry  goods  palace  that  will 
cover  this  entire  block.  You  are  now  in  the 

Fashionable  Retail  Center,  and  to  your  left  and  right,  as  you  pass  south,  are  some  ^f 
the  most  attractive  retail  stores  in  the  United  States.  The  establishment  of 

Carson,  Pirie,  Scott&  Co.,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Washington  and  State  streets, 
is  one  of  the  most  elegant  dry-goods  houses  in  the  city.  This  was  formerly  "Gossage's." 
by  which  name  it  became  celebrated  throughout  the  entire  West.  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott 
&  Co.  were  the  owners  and  the  managers  of  the  store  for  several  years  before  the  name 
of  "Gossage"  was  dropped  to  make  room  for  their  own.  In  the  meantime  they  had 
established  themselves  as  a  retail  dry-goods  firm  by  conducting  a  first-c.ass  house  on 
the  West  Side,  and  later  one  of  the  largest  and  most  fashionable  concerns  in  the  city  at 
the  northeast  corner  of  Wabash  avenue  and  Adams  streets,  the  building  now  occupied 
by  Revell,  the  furniture  merchant.  The  old  "Gossage"  house  was  but  a  small  concern 
in  comparison  with  the  mammoth  institution  that  now  covers  about  half  a  block— five 
acres  of  flooring— the  greatest  blocksin  the  city.  No  visitor  to  Chicago,  male  or  female, 
should  fail  to  enter  the  magnificent  silk  room  of  this  house,  which  is  situated  on  the 
corner.  This  department  covers  the  site  of  the  First  National  Bank  building  of  other 
days  The  structure  was  remodeled  at  an  enormous  cost  by  Car;  on,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co., 
and  the  first  floor  fitted  up  as  the  most  magnificent  silk  salesroom  in  the  world.  All  that 
taste,  money  and  ingenuity  could  do  was  brought  into  play  here,  and  the  result  is  a  ver- 
itable marble  hall  such  as  but  few  of  the  stately  palaces  of  the  Old  World  can  equal  iu 
grandeur.  The  entire  establishment  is  tastefully  fitted  up,  and  ranks  among  the  most 
reliab'e  as  well  as  the  most  fashionable  dry-goods  houses  in  the  country.  On  the 
same  side  of  the  street,  just  south,  is  the  large  general  store  of 

h'ixh,  Joseph  &  Co.— Which  enjoys  a  large  patronage.  This  was  formerly  Pard- 
ridge's  main  store.  Next  door  south  is 

The  Boston  Store— The  greatest  bargain  establishment  of  this  section.  This 
store  is  crowded— thronged  is  a  better  word  —from  morning  until  night,  and  it  is  with 
difficulty  that  we  can  make  our  way  through  it.  Two  large  stores  are  occupied  to 
their  full  height  on  State  st.,  and  the  house  besides  around  the  corner  to  Madison  st., 
where  another  immense  building  only  partly  provides  for  the  enormous  custom  which 
the  Boston  Store  attracts.  On  the  opposite  side  of  State  st.,  are  Stevens'  Silk  House, 
Wilson  Bros,  (who  insist  upon  selling  what  they  call  "  gents' "  furnishing  goods)  and 
Mandel  Brothers'  dry  goods  house.  The  latter  extends  through  to  Wabash  ave.  In 
the  next  block  are  a  large  number  of  dry  goods,  toot  and  shoe,  kid  glove  and  musi- 
cal houses,  all  of  which  maybe  termed  the  first-class,  but  none  of  which  rise  exactly 
to  the  dignity  of  eminence  in  their  peculiar  lines.  Here  is  the  cheap  jewelry  center 
also,  where  plated  things  may  be  found  that  will  pass  muster  almost  in  any  crowd, 
but  you  want  to  stand  on  the  corner  for  a  while  and  notice  the  surging  tides  of 
humanity  which  sweep  by  here  from  all  points  of  the  compass. 
ELEVENTH  DAY. 

Are  there  corner  drug  stores  where  you  came  from  ?  No.  Well,  you  don't  knew 
how  convenient  they  are!  Here  in  Chicago  we  have  several  corner  drug  stores— sev- 
eral hundred,  I  should  say.  It  is  a  cold  corner  that  hasn't  got  its  rirug  store !  Do  they 
all  sell  drugs  exclusively?  Oh,  dear  no!  They  sell  drugs  least  of  all.  The  drug 
stores  of  Chicago  haven't  gone  quite  so  far  as  the  dry  goods  stores,  but  their  range  is 
long  and  th.ir  field  is  wide.  As  yet  they  have  not  begun  to  handle  anvils  or  agricult- 


THE    GUIDE.  593 

ural  implements,  but  the  tendency  is  in  that  direction.  The  modern  Chicago  drug 
store  deals  in  cutlery,  amateur  painter's  supplies ;  dispenses  mineral  waters,  liquids 
of  all  shades  and  of  every  degree  of  specific  gravity;  handles  face  powders  and  post- 
age stamps;  receives  orders  for  daily  papers;  communicates  telephone  messages; 
orders  coal  or  calls  a  carriage  ;  acts  as  an  advertising  agency;  solicits  book  orders; 
keeps  constantly  on  hand  a  large  and  varied  assortment  of  society  stationery ;  sells 
chewing  gum  ;  has  a  large  cigar  patronage ;  keeps  a  city  directory  ;  provides  a  wait- 
ing-room for  people  who  have  engagements  with  each  other ;  carries  on  a  traffic  in 
bottled  goods  for  family  use,  and  sometimes  fills  prescriptions.  And  they  do  all  these 
things  well.  There  has  lately  been  a  cry  raised  against  the  druggists  because  it  is 
claimed  that  prescriptions  can  not  be  correctly  or  safety  compounded  by  a  young  man 
who  is  called  away  from  his  mortar  every  few  minutes  to  change  a  dime,  sell  a  stick 
of  glim,  or  order  a  cab  by  telephone.  Yet  but  few  of  us  die  annually  from  prescrip- 
tion clerks'  mistakes.  At  least  if  many  of  us  die  from  this  cause,  we  don't  know  it. 
Of  course,  there  are  a  number  of  sudden  deaths  here  daily,  and  a  disease  frequently 
takes  a  strange  turn,  which  even  the  physician  can  not  account  for,  after  the  medi- 
cine he  prescribes  is  administered  ;  but  it  wouldn't  be  f,air  to  say  that  the  prescription 
clerk  was  responsible  for  these  things  until  we  had  positive  proof  of  it.  This  positive 
proof  we  may  be  able  to  obtain  in  the  next  world,  perhaps.  Certainly  not  in  this. 
But  we  are  now  in  one  of  the  best  known  corner  drug  stores  in  Chicago.  This  is 
called 

Buck  &  Raynor's  Corner.— I  wouldn't  undertake  to  tell  you  how  many  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  people  have  met  here,  or  in  front  of  this  little  drug  store,  by  appoint- 
ment. There  are  two  such  places  in  the  city.  The  other  is  Dale  &  Sempill's,  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Clark  and  Madison  sts.  We  will  meet  there  later  on.  But  I  sup- 
pose that  it  wouldn't  be  out  of  the  way  to  estimate  that  a  thousand  persons  meet  on 
this  corner  by  previous  engagement  every  day.  They  meet  for  all  sorts  of  purposes. 
Ladies  who  are  shopping  and  who  lose  each  other  in  the  crowds  have  a  tacit  agree- 
ment that  they  will  meet  here  at  a  certain  hour.  Ladies  meet  their  husbands  here  in 
01  der  to  get  a  supply  of  pin  money.  Ladies  sometimes  meet  the  husbands  of  other 
ladies  here.  Lovers  meet  sweethearts  here.  Men  meet  men  here  ( but  not  often).  It 
is  a  general  rendezvous— a  public  trysting-place.  From  our  corner  we  can  see  the 
establishment  of 

James  Wilde,  Jr.,  &  Co.  across  the  street,  one  of  the  finest  clothing  houses  in  the 
country-  Mr.  Frank  Reed  is  the  manager  of  this  house,  and  he  has  built  up  an 
immense  business,  I  am  told.  The  magnificent  building  now  occupied  by  Wilde  is  to 
be  torn  down  shortly  to  make  room  for  a  sixteen-story  sky  scraper  which  Mr.  Otto 
Young  is  to  erect  011  the  site.  It  seems  too  bad  to  demolish  a  building  erected  less 
than  twenty  years  ago,  and  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city;  but  modern  progress  is  inexor- 
able and  this  is  only  one  of  many  such  instances.  Elegant  structures  are  either  being 
torn  down  or  remodeled  completely  throughout  the  entire  business  center.  I  under- 
stand that  Wilde  is  going  to  move  to  the  old  Hymau  corner,  that  is  the  northeast 
corner  opposite.  The  ground  upon  which  we  stand  at  present  is 

School  Properti/.— This  block,  bounded  by  Madison  and  Monroe,  State  and  Dear- 
born sts.,  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  the  city.  It  belongs  to  the  Public  School 
f  ur.d.  The  ground  is  leased  to  the  present  occupants  at  a  high  rate,  which  is  subject  to 
an  increase  from  time  to  time.  On  this  block  of  school  property  stand  McVicker's 
Theatre,  the  Tribune  building,  the  Journal  building,  the  Stock  Exchange  bui  ding,  and 
some  of  the  most  important  of  the  dry  goods  houses  fronting-  on  State  st.  There  isn't 
much  danger  that  the  school  fund  will  suffer  while  it  has  this  sort  of  income-produc- 
ing property  at  its  back.  I  am  afraid  I  would  only  tire  you  by  telling  of  all  the  places 


594  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

of  interest  on  our  trip.  We  are  passing  now,  one  after  another,  retail  stores  which 
differ  very  materially  from  those  which  have  already  been  pointed  out.  On  the  south- 
east corner  of  State  and  Monroe  sts.  is  the 

Palmer  House,  one  of  the  grandest  buildings  in  the  country.  [See  Palmer  House.] 
This  building  occupies  nearly  half  the  frontage  of  the  next  block  on  the  left.  Opposite 
is  the 

Bee  Hive,  a  popular  dry  goods  establishment,  and  then,  on  the  same  side  of  the 
street,  beginning  at  the  alley,  running  to  the  corner  of  Adams  st.  and  extending  back 
to  Dearborn  st.  an  entire  block,  is 

The  Fair.— Here  is  an  attraction  for  strangers,  the  like  of  which  you  will  find 
nowhere  else  in  this  country.  The  only  establishment  I  know  of  that  bears  any 
resemblance  to  it  is  the  "  Bon  Marche  "  in  Paris.  [See  Fair,  The.]  The  work  of  demo- 
lition has  begun  here  preparatory  to  the  erection  of  the  greatest  commercial  struct- 
ure in  the  world. x  [See  Fair  Building.]  It  will  require  an  hour  or  two  of  your  time 
simply  to  walk  through  this  establishment.  You  might  spend  a  day  in  therewith  pleas- 
ure and  profit.  At  any  rate  I  am  not  likely  to  Fee  you  again  to-day,  so  I  will  promise  to 
meet  ycu  here  in  the  morning.  Yes;  you  can  get  any  thing  you  want  here,  from  a 
rubber  doll  to  a  lawn  mower.  Just  step  inside  and  see  for  yourself. 
TWELFTH  DAY. 

You  have  seen  the  Fair.  It  is  worth  something  to  be  able  to  tell  that  to  your  friends 
when  you  return.  E.  J.  Lehman?  Yes,  overwork.  A  young  man  yet,  but  broken 
down  in  health.  His  success  was  marvelous.  From  the  very  humblest  of  beginnings 
he  arose  in  a  few  years  to  a  dizzy  height  in  commercial  prosperity.  It  was  not  suc- 
cess that  turned  his  head.  He  was  a  practical  and  a  plain  man  from  beginning  to  end. 
There  are  still  some  prospects  of  his  recovery.  Everybody  in  Chicago  would  be  glad 
toseehim  wellagaln.  Across  the  street  is 

TJie  Leader,  an  establishment  similar  to  the  Fair  and  one  that  is  rapidly  becoming 
popular  with  the  ladies.  Although  quite  a  new  house  it  has  already  an  immense 
patronage.  The  managers  of  the  Leader  are  thoroughly  wide-awake,  and  they  are 
making  friends  by  the  hundred  daily.  You  must  go  through  this  establishment.  Here 
the  crowds  are  as  dense  as  you  have  found  them  elsewhere.  No  stronger  proof  of" the 
fact  that  Chicago  is  a  great  city  can  be  given  than  is  made  evident  by  these  immense 
throngs  of  people.  None  but  a  great  city  could  supply  a  demand  sufficient  to  justify 
the  existence  of  such  establishments  as  The  Fair,  The  Leader  and 

Selgel,  Cooper  &  Co.'s,  which  we  come  to  after  passing  a  number  of  handsome 
stores.  Seigel,  Cooper  &  Co.  were  referred  to  in  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  of  last  year  as 
occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  block  beginning  at  the  southeast  corner  of  State  and 
Adams  streets.  Since  then  they  were  burned  out  completely,  the  five  being  one  of  the 
most  disastrous  of  recent  years  in  this  section.  They  afterward  reopened  just  a  block 
to  the  east,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Wabash  avenue  and  Adams  street,  but  moved 
into  their  present  quarters  in  the  mammoth  Leiter  building  in  time  for  the  summer 
trade  of  1892.  This  firm  has  now  an  opportunity  of  expanding  until  it  shall  occupy 
more  floor  area  than  any  other  house  of  the  kind  in  Chicago.  All  of  these  great  gen- 
eral stores  are  growing.  Everything  in  Chicago  grows,  except  perhaps  the  death  rate. 
There  is  no  standing  still  here.  You  must  either  move  on  or  be  pressed  backward. 
Some  of  the  best  houses  on  the  streets  ten  years  ago  have  disappeared.  They  wanted 
to  be  conservatively  respectable.  They  tried  to  be  nice,  after  the  old  fashion.  They 
wouldn't  advertise,  or  they  wouldn't  cut  prices.  Their  age  and  high  standing  didn't 
save  them.  They  have  g-one  from  our  gaze.  Nor  can  any  of  the  great  houses  we  have 
seen  during1  the  past  few  hours  afford  to  sit  back  on  their  dignity  or  compel  the  trade 
to  come  to  them  without  the  asking.  They  must  bid  and  bid  high  for  it.  If  they  hes- 


THE    GUIDE. 

itate,  the  man  next  door  will  forge  ahead  of  them.  There  used  to  be  such  a  thing  as 
an  "established"  business.  There  isn't  any  longer.  The  public  isn't  sentimental 
nowadays.  Old  houses  have  no  particular  charm  for  the  people  unless  they  keep  pace 
with  the  new  houses. 

We  will  turn  back,  passing  the  "Hub"  and  the  "Bell,"  two  well-advertised 
clothing  houses,  and  drop  over  to  Clark  street.  North,  of  the  Postoffice  Clark  street  is 
a  very  handsomely  built  and  a  very  respectable  thoroughfare.  Near  the  corner  of 
Adams  street  and  for  blocks  up  we  find  the  city  ticket  offices  of  all  the  great  railroad 
companies.  Besides  these  we  pass  restaurants,  clothing  stores,  jewelry  stores,  clothing 
houses,  etc.,  all  of  a  character  which  gives  a  Bowery-like  air  to  the  street.  Near  the 
corner  of  Madison  and  Clark  streets  is  Kohl  &  Middleton's  Museum,  which  you  can 
enter  for  the  small  sum  of  ten  cents,  but  don't  go  in  now.  Now  we  have  reached  the 
most  important  street  intersection  in  the  city, 

Madison  and  ClarH  Streets.— Madison  street  is  the  principal  east  and  west  and  Clark 
street  is  the  principal  north  and  south  artery.  It  should  not  be  inferred  from  this, 
however,  that  Clark  street  is  more  important  thixii  Stats  to  the  south,  for  such  is  not 
the  case.  But  it  penetrates  the  North  Division  of  the  city,  as  Madison  penetrates  the 
West,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  regarded  as  the  great  north  and  south  thoroughfare. 
You  might  be  highly  entertained  for  a  whole  day  on  this  corner  just  by  noticing  the 
people  as  they  pass.  It  is  estimated  that  10,000  persons  pass  this  corner  every  hour 
from  6  o'clock  A.  M.  to  8  o'clock  p.  M.  I  believe  it.  It  is  not  a  stream  but  a  flood  of 
humanity  that  we  sec  here.  No  wonder  that  these  cor-  crs  come  high  or  that  the  mer- 
chants who  occupy  them  are  prosperous.  They  are  considered  the  best  corners  in  the 
city  for  business.  The  names  of  the  stores  around  here  arc  all  familiar  to  the  people. 
We  will  stand  on  Chambers'  corner  for  awhile  before  separating,  and  meet  here  again 
In  the  morning,  when  wo  will  be  able  to  take  a  look  at  the  corners  and  talk  about 
them  at  our  leisure. 
THIRTEENTH  DAY. 

I  did  not  think  it  advisable  to  point  out  to  you  as  we  walked  up  Clark  street  yester- 
day the  entrances  to  the  numerous  gambling-houses  which  line  that  thoroughfare.  I 
don't  think  it  any  part  of  my  duty  as  a  guide  to  "steer  "  you  against  a  brace  game  or 
a  square  game.  If  you  are  inclined  in  the  direction  of  faro,  roulette  or  poker,  you  do 
not  need  to  be  told  where  to  fiud  these  games  in  full  blast.  I  never  knew  an  amateur 
gambler  in  my  life  who  couldn't  scent  the  lair  of  the  tiger  and  hear  the  rattle  of  the 
chips  afar  off.  By  some  sort  of  intuition *or  natural  attraction,  unaccounted  for  in  my 
philosophy,  gamblers,  professional  and  amateur,  are  certain  to  lind  a  common  meeting 
place.  They  will  have  no  difficulty  in  finding  all  the  amusement  they  want  here,  at 
any  time  of  the  day  or  night.  Of  course  you  understand,  as  I  do,  that  gambling  is 
suppressed  in  Chicago.  The  Mayor  and  Superiudent  of  Police  unite  in  the  opinion 
that  there  is  no  gaming  for  money  going  on  in  this  city,  and  that  ought  to  settle  it. 
Yet,  we  have  been  brushing  up  against  well-dressed  gamblers  and  would-be-sports  for 
the  past  hour,  and  I  have  heard,  in  a  sfmi-confldential  way,  that  the  professionals  are 
reaping  a  richer  harvest  at  present  than  ever  before  in  the  history  of  the  city.  There 
is  something  contradictory,  not  to  say  inconsistent,  about  all  this,  but  I  can  not  make 
it  straight,  nor  can  you  either,  no  matter  how  hard  you  may  try.  I  have  spoken  of  the 

"  Would-be-sports."  These  are  altogether  about  as  contemptible  a  class  of  young 
men  as  you  will  be  unfortunate  enough  to  come  in  contact  with  during  your  visit. 
They  are  found  principally  on  the  west  side  of  Clark,  between  Adams  and  Washington 
streets.  They  dress  nattily  and  spend  their  time  in  posing,  generally  near  the  entrances 
to  the  gambling  houses.  As  a  rule  they  are  the  sons  of  well-to-do  parents.  They  do 
not  find  it  necessary  to  work  for  a  living.  The  one  ambition  of  their  use.'ess  lives  ia  to 
l,e  pointed  out  as  gamblers.  They  are  not  gamblers  however.  They  haven't  got 


596  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

brains  enough  to  be  gamblers  of  the  professional  species.  The  men  who  follow  gamb- 
ling as  a  business  haven't  got  time  to  pose.  Usually  they  are  not  over-proud  of  their 
calling  and  have  no  desire  to  be  pointed  out  as  sports.  They  work  hard  for  all  they 
get,  just  like  other  people.  If  they  make  gains  to-day  they  are  likely,  to  suffer  losses 
to-morrow.  They  have  their  anxieties  like  the  rest  of  us.  Most  of.  them  have  fami- 
lies. Many  of  them  have  nice  wives  and  interesting  children.  Some  of  them  live  in 
highly  respectable  neighborhoods.  They  gamble  only  as  a  pure  matter  of  business, 
and  not  because  they  are  infatuated  with  the  green  cloth  or  the  surroundings  of  the 
gamingtable.  You  don't  see  these  men  posing  in  front  of  the  saloons  or  gambling 
entrances,  as  I  said  before.  They  haven't  got  time.  Neither  do  they  flash  Alaska 
sparklers,  nor  wear  lavender  pantaloons,  nor  light  kid  gloves,  nor  spend  their  time  in 
"mashing"  the  foolish  maidens,  just  past  school  age,  whom  you  may  see  tripping1  by 
here  in  the  hope  of  catching  smiles  from  the  would-be-sports .  There  are  other  young 
men  along  this  street  and  around  these  corners  who  would  also  like  to  be  known  as 
gamblers.  They  are  only  thieves,  however,  and  of  the  lowest  order.  They  are 
cowardly  thieves— fellows  who  rob  drunken  men,  or  who  can  be  hired  to  commit  any- 
thing in  the  nature  of  a  small  crime.  Some  of  them  are 

"Bunco  Steerers,"  ruffians  who  worm  themselves  into  the  confidence  of  strangers, 
and  induce  them  to  visit  disreputable  gaming  houses  where  they  are  certain  to  he 
robbed.  They  do  this  business  for  a  commission.  The  "  Confidence  Maa  "  proper  I 
can  not  point  out  to  you,  for  if  he  be 

A.  Confidence  Man,  worthy  of  the  name,  there  is  nothing  about  his  appearance  or 
his  manners  to  indicate  that  fact.  But  you  may  be  certain  that  he  is  here,  somewhere, 
and  looking  for  a  victim.  He  seldom  makes  a  mistake.  Before  night  some  fool  will 
cash  the  check  he  carries  with  him,  or  advance  money  on  the  warehouse  receipts  which 
be  will  produce  at  the  proper  moment.  The  most  famous  gambling  house  on  the  street 
for  years  was 

"The  Store,1"  kept  by  Michael  C.  McDonald,  northwest  corner  of  Clark  and  Monroe 
sts.  McDonald  coined  money  there.  He  is  a  millionaire  now  and  one  of  the  principal 
stockholders  and  managers  of  the  Lake  street  elevated  railroad.  Besides,  he  is  an 
Influential  politician  and  in  his  time  has  made  and  unmade  a  large  number  of  local 
statesmen.  We  will  see  his  residence  on  Ashland  ave.  later.  The  gambling  houses  now 
in  existence  are  scattered  throughout  this  neighborhood.  The  most  prominent  of 
them  is  the  place  conducted  by  a  person  named  Hankins  near  by.  There  is  a  magnifi- 
cent saloon  and  spartingmen's  resort  in  the  vicinity,  conducted  by  a  gentleman  named 
Mr.  Harry  Varnell.  We  will  let  you  find  this  place  and  several  other  places  of  the 
same  kind  if  you  are  seeking  them.  For  the  present  we  will  leave  the  sporting  men 
and  the  sporting  men's  resorts  and  step  across  Madison  street  to  a  corner  that  is  full  of 
present  and  historic  interest  to  the  Chicagoan.  This  was  formerly  known  as  "  Dale's," 
it  is  now  favorably  and  familiarly  known  as 

Dale  &  SempiU's.—I  don't  believe  there  is  a  corner  in  this  great  city  which  is  better 
known.  This  has  been  the  case  during  all  the  years  I  can  remember  in  Chicago.  Mr. 
Dale  was  a  gentleman  everybody  liked.  He  kept  open  house  for  the  public,  and  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  of  people  have  occupied  the  scats  provided  for  those  who  are 
destined  to  wait  for  other  people,  in  the  drug  store.  Mr.  Dale  is  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Sempill,  another  gentleman  of  the  same  hospitable  disposition.  You  do  not  feel  that 
you  are  intruding  when  you  drop  in  hereto  wait  for  the  friend  who  never  comes,  or  to 
keep  an  appointment  with  the  man  who  has  been  unavoidably  delayed.  Dale  &  Sem- 
pill do  a  great  business  while  you  are  waiting.  You  are  bound  to  admire  the  manner 
in  which  the  business  is  managed,  and  your  admiration  extends  to  the  elegant  soda 


THE   GUIDE.  597 

fountain,  where  the  thirst  of  countless  thousands  is  quenched  annually.  It  is  well 
worth  while  to  spend  a  little  time  here,  if  only  to  watch  the  crowds  as  they  pass  by. 
There  Is  a  procession  of  humanity  moving  past  the  door,  and  you  will  wonder,  as  I 
have  wondered  hundreds  of  times,  where  all  these  people  come  from  and  where  they 
are  going  to.  Across  the  street  is  the  celebrated 

Chamber's  Corner,  called  after  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  established  jewelry  houses 
in  the  city.  Mr.  L.  Z.  Leiter  owns  this  building,  and  the  property  upon  which  it  stands 
is  worth  something  like  a  hundred  dollar;  a  square  inch.  Running  around  this  corner 
with  entrances  both  on  Clark  and  Madison  streets,  is  the  preat  retail  clothing  house  of 

Broicninu,  King  &  Co.— This  firm  has  ( stallishments  in  nearly  ail  the  large  cities  of 
the  country.  The  parent  house  is  here,  however.  On  the  southwest  corner  of  Clark 
and  Washington  streets  is  the  famous 

Opera  House  Block.— This  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  structures  in  the  city,  eleven 
stories  in  height,  erected  in  1885  on  the  site  of  the  old  Tivoli  Gardens,  once  a  popular 
resort.  On  the  street  level  are  stores  with  lofty  ceilings,  and  plate-glass  front*  t^at  are 
desirable  for  the  display  of  goods.  In  the  main  lobby  are  six  rapid  elevators,  that  are 
Constantly  whizzing  up  and  down  in  their  iron  cages  on  either  side  of  the  entrance. 
'A  Ve -.vails  are  wainscoted  with  slate  and  marble- in  the  most  approved  fashion,  and 
offices  are  arranged  either  single  or  en  suite  to  meet  the  demands  of  all  professions. 
Situated  in  the  center  of  this  vast  pile  of  masonry  is  the  Opera  Hous<\  The  building  is 
fire-proof  throughout  and  is  the  property  of  the  Peck  estate.  On  the  southeast  corner 
is  the 

Methodist  Church  Block.—  This  is  on  the  outside  a  business  structure,  given  over  to 
offices,  stores,  etc . ;  but  in  the  body  of  the  building  is  an  auditorium,  where  the  services 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  are  held  regularly.  The  property  belongs  to  that 
denomination  and  is  very  valuable.  On  the  northwest  corner  is  the  Court  House,  and 
on  the  northeast  corner  is  the 

Reaper  Block,  built  by  the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  immediately  after  the  great 
fire.  It  derives  its  name  from  the  business  in  which  Mr.  McCormick  was  engaged,  the 
manufacture  of  reapers.  One  of  the  handsomest  of  the  old  office  structures  of 
Chicago;  Property  of  the  McCormick  estate.  To  our  right,  on  Washington  street, 
south  side,  is  the  Cook  Councy  Abstract  Company's  building,  and  after  passing  up 
Clark  street,  by  the  Grand  Opera  House,  and  taking  a  look  at  the  Sherman  House,  we 
find  ourselves  opposite 

27ie  New  Axliland  Block,  a  beautiful  and  modern  office  building,  finished  in  1892. 
Just  east  of  here  is  the  magnificent 

New  German  Theatre,  with  its  tower  rising  skyward.  This  structure  is  described 
elsewhere 

FOURTEENTH    DAY. 

We  will  take  a  circuit  around  some  of  the  down-town  squares  to-day,  beginning 
where  we  left  off  yesterday,  at  the  corner  of  Randolph  and  Clark  sts.  The  Court  House 
and  City  Hall  are  on  our  left  as  we  move  to  the  west.  Passing  the  Sherman  House  we 
come  to  the 

Fidelity  Bank  Building.—  This  structure  is  occupied  by  a  private  banking  firm  now. 
There  are  also  safety  vaults  here.  I  remember  the  time  when  the  scenes  inside  and 
outside  of  this  building  were  as  wild  as  any  I  have  ever  beheld  in  Chicago.  This  was 
during  the  savings  bank  panic  in  1877.  John  C.  Haines  was  the  presided  of  the  Fidel- 
ity, and  he  paid  out  money  as  long  as  he  could  ;  but  the  line  of  frightened  depositors 
lengthened  out  hour  after  hour  and  day  after  day,  until  finally  he  ran  out  of  funds. 


598  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

In  the  meantime  the  States  Saving  Institution,  around  the  corner  to  the  left,  and  the 
"Bee"  Hive,  around  the  corner  to  the  right,  had  closed  their  doors.  There  was  "intense 
excitement,"  as  the  newspapers  say,  but  even  this  blew  over  in  time  and  the  bank  crash 
was  soon  forgotten.  Next  door  to  the  Fidelity  is  the  entrance  to  Hooley's  Theater. 
[See  Amusements.]  A  little  further  on  and  we  come  to  the  most  dangerous  street 
crossing  in  the  city.  This  is  where  the  North  Side  cable  cars  enter  and  leave  the  La 
Salle  st.  tunnel,  where  the  West  Side  cable  cars  turn  from  La  Salle  st.,  and  where  two 
processions  of  horse  cars  are  continuously  moving  east  and  west  on  Randolph  st. 
Strange  that  so  few  accidents  occur  here.  It  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  danger  is  real- 
ized by  pedestrians,  that  policemen  are  constantly  on  the  alert,  and  that  drivers  and 
gripmen  keep  their  wits  about  them  while  passing  these  corners.  [See  Hell  Gate  Cross- 
ing.] To  our  left  as  we  walk  toward  the  east  is 

Heath  &  MiUigan's  paint  and  oil  establishment.  Mr.  Monroe  Heath,  the  senior  pro- 
prietor, was  formerly  mayor  of  Chicago,  and  he  is  the  man  who  restored  the  finances 
of  the  city,  and  established  the  credit,  of  the  municipality  abroad  after  the  dull  period 
which  followed  the  flre  and  the  p.:inic  of  1873.  Along  hero  are  a  number  of  similar 
concerns  and  business  houses  not  particularly  worthy  of  our  attention.  On  the  north- 
east corner  of  Randolph  and  Fifth  avrjnue  is  the  Briggs  House  [see  Hotels],  and  on  the 
corner  of  Washington  street  and  Fifth  avenue  is 

The  Times  Building,  from  which  is  published  the  Times,  the  Frie  Presse,  the  Abend 
Post,  and  several  other  well-known  publications.  On  the  opposite  corner  is  the  stately 
and  beautiful 

Stoats  Zcitung  Building— Where  the  Stoats  Zeitung  newspaper  Is  published.  [See 
Newspapers.]  Walking  east  on  Washington  st.,  to  our  right  we  behold  the  new  office 
building  of 

The  Evening  Post,  a  handsome  structure,  in  which  is  published  one  of  the  best 
evening  papers  in  the  United  States,  and  just  two  doors  east  of  it  is  the  elegant 
new 

Herald  Building,  a  decided  improvement  upon  the  surrounding  architecture  and 
one  of  the  handsomest  structures  erected  in  Chicago  during  recent  years.  Returning 
to  Fifth  ave.,  just  around  the  corner  to  our  left  is  the  building  formerly  occupied  by 
the 

Arbeiter  Zeitung.— It  was  here  that  the  conspiracy  which  culminated  in  the  Hay- 
market  massacre  was  hatched;  here  Spies  was  arrested,  and  here  were  discovered 
great  quantities  of  bombs  and  infernal  machines.  [See  Haymarket  Massacre.]  On 
the  corner  of  the  alley  opposite  is  the  Globe  publication  office,  and  on  the  other  corner 
is  the  old  Herald  office.  Across  the  street  is 

The  Daily  News  Office,  which  extends  over  a  large  portion  of  the  block.  The  build- 
ing occupied  by  the  editorial  and  mechanical  departments,  a  new  and  handsome 
one,  is  in  the  rear,  fronting  on  the  alley  [see  illustration].  This  is  one  of  the  moet 
complete  newspaper  buildings  in  thw  country.  You  will  be  permitted  to  visit  the 
press  rooms  of  the  different  newspaper  offices  at  seasonable  hours,  and  I  can  not 
suggest  anything  that  will  interest  you  more  than  the  process  of  stereotyping  and 
printing  in  one  of  these  big  publication  offices.  The  newspaper  aeighborhood  is 
undergoing  disintegration  at  present.  Most  of  the  leading  offices  will  shortly  be 
located  away  from  Fifth  avenue,  for  many  years  the  favorite  stamping  ground  of  the 
printer  and  reporter.  We  have  now  reached  the  intersection  of  Madison  street  and 
Fifth  avenue,  another  crowded  and  dangerous  crossing,  and  we  will  step  into 

Arend's  and  take  a  glass  of  his  refreshing  and  incomparable  Kumyss.  A  wonder- 
ful drink  is  Kumyss.  Of  all  summer  drinks,  or  winter  drinks  either,  for  that  matter. 


THE    GUIDE.  599 

it  is  the  most  refreshing  and  the  most  healthful.  I  am  a  sufferer  from  dyspepsia  my- 
self, and  I  know  what  I  am  talking-  about.  When  nothing  else  in  the  -wide  world  will 
conduct  itself  properly  in  my  stomach,  I  fly  to  Kumyss  and  find  relief.  Dr.  Arend  is 
a  public  benefactor,  and  I  say  this  much  about  his  Kumyss  without  hope  of  reward, 
excepting  in  the  consciousness  that  I  have  given  publicity  to  a  great  truth.  Arend's 
Kumyss  is  to  be  found  in  all  the  leading  hospitals  of  the  city  now,  and  upon  the  tables 
of  the  best  families.  Directly  across  tho  street  our  attention  is  called  to  the  new 

Security  Buildino,  now  being  erected  on  the  southea  t  corner  of  Madison  street 
and  Fifth  avenue,  after  plans  by  Clinton  J.  Warren.  The  structure  will  be  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  city.  It  will  be  fourteen  stories  high,  and  will  cost  between  $35(\GUO  and 
$4  0,000.  The  first  three  stories  will  be  of  granite,  while  the  upper  floors  will  be  of 
pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta. 

FIFTEENTH  DAY. 

We  will  start  from  the  corner  of  Madison  and  Clark  ets.  this  morning  and  walk 
west.  The  corner  itself— or,  rather,  the  four  corners— we  have  seen  before.  About 
the  center  of  the  block  to  our  left  is  Burke's  European  Hotel  and  beneath  it  is  the 

Chicago  Oyster  House,  a  very  large,  a  very  beautiful  and  a  very  popular  restaurant 
with  business  people.  They  feed  about  five  thousand  people  here  every  day.  Opposite 
is  the  Hotel  Brevoort,  recently  enlarged  [see  Hotels],  a  central  meeting  place  for 
wholesale  men  and  country  merchants.  Next  to  it  is  the  Tacoma,  the  first  floors  of 
which  are  occupied  as  stores  ;  the  inevitable  drug  store,  and  this  time  a  very  handsome 
and  well-conducted  drug  store,  being  located  on  the  corner. 

Berry,  Tlie  Candy  Man,  has  one  of  his  numerous  branch  shops  here.  I  might  as 
well  tell  you  once  for  all  that  you  will  find  Berry's  candy  shops  everywhere  through- 
out the  city.  The  proprietor  of  these  places  has  made  a  great  deal  of  money  by  giving 
people  taffy— at  a  reasonable  price  per  pound,  and  a  handsome  new  building  on  West 
Madison  st.  and  Ashland  ave.  testifies  to  the  fact.  Across  the  street  from  the  Hotel 
Brevoort  is  the  entrance  to 

Farwell  Hall— A  celebrated  assembly  room,  and  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation. Farwell  Hall  in  its  time  has  held  many  notable  gatherings.  It  was  here  that 
P.  P.  Bliss,  the  composer  of  sacred  music  and  sweet  singer,  delighted  vast  audiences 
day  after  day  for  months  during  the  great  Moody  &  Sankey  revival  period.  Yes,  he'8 
dead.  Went  down  with  his  wife  and  a  score  of  others  in  the  horrible  Ashtabula  rail- 
\/ay  accident.  Here  Moody  and  Sankey  have  held  forth  frequently,  and  here  also  Fran 
cis  Murphy  has  preached  gospel  temperance  to  multitudes.  Others  equally  well- 
known  have  been  heard  from  the  platform,  among  them  no  less  a  personage  than 
George  Francis  Train.  It  was  in  Farwell  Hall  that  the  bolt  occurred  among  republi- 
cans which  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Grant  and  the  nomination  of  Garfitld  in  1880.  The 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  uses  this  hall  frequently  for  large  gatherings,  noon- 
day prayer  meetings,  etc.  [See  Christian  Organizations.]  Passing  over  La  Salle  st.  we 
come  upon  the  fronts  of  two  blocks  of  buildings  which  will  probably  be  transformed 
during  the  next  three  years.  This  part  of  Madison  st.  is  not  up  with  the  times.  Res- 
taurants, billiard  halls,  saloons,  second-hand  book  stores,  news-stands,  etc.,  monopo- 
lize it.  Here 

Charley  Curry,  a  young  man  who  for  years  served  the  down-town  business  people, 
with  newspapers  on  Arend's  corner,  lias  established  himself  as  a  book  and  newsdealer, 
and  is  rapidly  winning  his  way  to  fortune.  He  has  a  handsome  branch  in  the  Central 
Music  Hall  building.  Across  Fifth  avenue  we  enter  upon  the  outskirts  of  the 


600  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

Wholesale  District.— This  district  at  present  may  be  bounded  as  follows :  By  Fifth 
ave.  on  the  east,  the  river  on  the  west,  Randolph  st.  on  the  north  and  Van  Buren  st. 
on  the  south.  There  are  two  wholesale  districts,  however,  and  they  are  so  far  apart 
that  it  will  be  many  years  before  the  entire  jobbing  business  is  centered  in  one  local- 
ity. To  find  room  for  it  it  will  be  necessary  to  cross  the  river  to  the  West  Side.  A 
movement  in  this  direction  has  in  fact  already  begun,  but  the  large  houses  which 
have  located  on  Canal,  CJintoa,  West  Washington  and  West  Randolph  sts.  up  to  this 
time  are  mostly  in  the  machinery  and  machinery  supply  trade.  The  great  dry  goods 
houses  are  now  all  located  in  what  is  known  as  the  New  Wholesale  District,  into  which 
we  are  about  to  enter.  The  old  wholesale  district  extends  aloncr  Wabash  ave.,  from 
Van  Buren  st.  north  to  the  river,  and  here  there  are  jobbing  houses  in  almost  every 
line  (except  wholesale  dry  goods)  from  millinery  to  grocery  goods.  Moving  west  on 
Madison  street  we  pass  several  blocks  of  buildings  that  are  passing  througa  a  change. 
The  wholesale  trade  has  been  gradually  drifting  away  from  this  street,  to  the  touth. 
The  retail  trade  has  not  yet  taken  a.  fancy  to  it.  That  barn-liko  structure  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Madison  and  Market  streets  was  formerly  occupied  by  Marshall 
Field  &  Co.  as  their  wholesale  house.  It  is  now  simply  a  storage  warehouse,  and  an 
eye-sore  to  property  owners  in  the  vicinity.  The  streets  to  the  left  are  all  built  up 
elegantly,  and  the  great  wholesale  boot  atd  shoe,  clothing  and  dry  goods  houses  may 
all  be  visited  in  a  day's  trip  along  Fiflh  avenue,  Franklin  and  Market  streets  to  Van 
Buren,  and  along  Monroe,  Adams,  Jackson  and  Van  Buren  streets,  from  Fifth  avenue 
to  the  river.  A  tremendous  amount  of  business  is  being  done  in  this  section.  The 
stranger  will  be  received  courteously  in  a  majority  of  the  leading  houses.  J.  V.  Farwell 
&  Co.'s  great  establishment  is  worthy  of  a  visit,  and  so  is  Field's,  but  there  is  more  or 
less  of  interest  to  be  found  in  all  the  houses  of  this  section,  and  it  would  hardly  be  of 
value  to  the  reader  to  point  out  particular  establishments.  I  will  leave  you  to  follow 
the  best  of  your  inclination.  I  must  before  doing  so,  however,  call  yt.ur  attention  to 
the  architecture  of  this  section.  You  wil  notice  that  it  differs  very  materially  from 
that  of  any  other  section  of  the  city.  Take  the  Farwell  Building,  for  instance,  a  speci- 
men of  modern  commercial  construction  of  the  plain  school,  and  compare  it  with  the 
massive  structures  occupied  by  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  and  James  H.  Walker  &  Co.  The 
latter  building  is  a  beautiful  one.  Among  the  most  familiar  names  you  will  see  down 
this  way  is  that  of 

Henry  W.  King  &  Co.,  wholesale  clothiers.  Their  quarters  are  spacious  and  their 
facilities  unlimited.  This  is  one  of  the  greatest  clothing  establishments  in  the  world. 
The  firm  not  only  leads  in  the  trade  here  but  has  extensive  branches  in  nearly  every 
lar/e  city  in  the  West.  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co.'s  new  wholesale  house  is  also  down 
this  way.  Walking  west  on  Adams  street,  we  pass  the  beautiful  general  office 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Company.  We  must  enter  these  great 
buildings  as  we  come  to  them,  of  course.  A  whole  day  might  be  given  to  Marshall 
Field's,  and  we  would  have  to  spend  a  week  in  this  district,  if  we  were  to  do  fuil  jus- 
tice to  the  trip.  I  have  hurried  you  around  it,  pointing  out  only  the  most  prominent 
houses.  I  now  leave  you  to  take  them  in  at  your  leisure.  No,  as  a  rule,  there  will  be 
no  objection  to  your  walking  through  the  establishments.  You  will  be  met  with 
courteous  treatment  everywhere.  Just  say  that  you  are  a  stranger  and  that  will  pass 
you.  Take  your  time,  and  to-morrow  morning  we  will  visit  another  portion  of  the 
business  center  equally  as  interesting. 

SIXTEENTH  DAY. 

Dickens  sells  us  in  one  of  his  novels  of  a  London  thoroughfare  which,  at  the  time 
of  his  slur-/,  w<ts  p.tssing  through  that  unhappy  stage  of  transition  when  people  had 
begun  to  abandon  it  asa  residence  street,  but  as  yet  other  people  had  not  looked  upon 


THE   GUIDE.  601 

it  as  a  desirable  avenue  for  trade.  For  nearly  twenty  years  Wabash  avenue  has  been 
going  down  hill  as  a  residence  street.  There  has  never  been  any  doubt  but  that  some 
day  it  would  become  one  of  the  greatest  commercial  avenues  of  the  city;  yet  up  to 
five  years  ago  the  process  of  transformation  south  of  Van  Buren  street  was  exceed- 
ingly slow.  For  many  years  the  ground  laid  bare  by  the  great  fire  of  July,  1873,  was 
permitted  to  lie  vacant,  the  owners  being  uncertain  as  to  the  future.  There  was  no 
demand  for  handsome  residences  north  of  Twenty-second  street,  and  rentals  sufficient 
to  justify  the  erection  of  large  business  blocks  could  not  be  obtained.  The  ground 
was  too  valuable  for  small  buildings  so  that  the  street  remained  at  a  stand-still.  The 
Auditorium  enterprise,  however,  attracted  attention  to  south  Wabash  avenue,  and 
during  the  past  years  real  estate  transactions  on  that  thoroughfare  have  been  very 
active,  [f  half  of  the  enterprises  projected  are  carried  out  it  will  be  one  of  our  most 
magnificent  streets  before  1893.  North  of  Congress  street  it  is  at  present  a  most  beau- 
tiful thoroughfare.  Magnificent  buildings  line  the  avenue  on  either  side  as  far  as  the 
eye  can  reach.  Some  of  the  most  beautiful  commercial  structures  in  the  city  are  to 
be  seen  along-  here.  To  the  south  and  north  of  the  Auditorium  building  we  pass 
through  the 

Carriage  District.— It  is  wonderful  how  the  different  departments  of  trade  finally 
become  consolidated.  Here  we  find  one  carriage  repository  after  another,  the  most 
noticeable  of  tiiem  being  C.P.Kimball  &  Co.'s  and  H.J.Edward  &  Sons'.  Here  also  we  find 
the  Pope  Manufacturing  Co.,  the  great  producers  of  standard  bicycles;  here  also  is  the 
Springfield  Bicycle  Co.,  the  Standard  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  the  Warwick  Cycle  Co.,  and  a 
number  of  sewing  machine  and  bicycle  establishments,  all  within  the  space  of  a  block. 
The  beautiful  salesrooms  of  the  J.  L.  Mott  Iron  Works  are  on  our  left,  the  New  Haven 
Clock  Co.,  a  little  farther  north  ;  the  William  Rogers  Manufacturing  Co.,  the  name  of 
which  is  celebrated  in  connection  with  plated  ware,  is  also  on  the  same  side.  Now  we  pass 
the  great  window  glass  warerooms  of  George  F.Kimball,  the  Michigan  Buggy  Co., 
and  more  carriage,  sewing  machine,  bicycle  and  wagon  warerooms.  In  fact,  it  is  nearly 
all  carriages  along  here  until  we  reach  Hubbard  court  and  the 

Cyclorama  Buildings  on  the  South.  While  you  are  down  here  you  might  as  well 
spend  an  hour  looking  at  the  wonderful  picture,  "  The  Battle  of  Gettysburg."  Other 
cities  have  "  Battle  of  Gettysburg  Cycloramas,"  but  they  are  copies.  This  is  the  origi- 
nal. On  the  opposite  corner  is  the  new  and  magnificaut  "  Niagara"  Cyclorama,  which 
is  attracting  great  crowds.  Down  the  avenue  farther  on  our  left  is  the  "  Libby  Prison 
Museum."  [Sec  Illustration  and  Amusements.]  We  will  now  retrace  our  gteps.dropping 
into  a  few  of  the  great  carriage  warerooms  on  the  way  back,  and  walk  up  the  avenue 
from  Congress  st.  We  at  once  find  ourselves  in  a  district  monopolized  by  manufacturers 
and  dealers  in  office  furniture  and  fixtures,  and  from  this  we  pass  into  another  district 
given  over  to  pictures  and  picture  frames.  Then  we  step  right  in  to  the 

Varnish  District,  where  a  score  of  firms  are  engaged  in  the  varnish,  paint  and  o/j 
traffic.  Another  distinctive  district  merges  into  this.  It  is  occupied  by  dealers  in 
marble  and  wooden  mantels,  picture  mouldings,  etc.,  and  here,  between  241  and  263, 
we  find  ourselves  in  a  hive  of  subscription  book  publishers.  But  don't  be  frightened 
The  safest  place  on  the  battle-field  is  under  the  ammunition  wagon.  We  must  hurry 
along  here.  The  show  windows  are  seductive  and  were  meant  to  detain  us.  Let  us 
drop  into  the  different  store  rooms  and  see  the  displays  of  books,  paintings, engravings, 
ornamental  marble  work,  fine  furniture,  etc.,  etc.,  which  are  temptingly  arranged  all 
along  here.  At  No.  241  we  come  to  the  Weber  Music  Hall  and  close  by  is  the  magnifi- 
cent new 

Kimball  Hall,  one  of  the  finest  structures  on  the  avenue.  [See  W.  W.  Kimball  Com- 
pany, under  heading,  Great  Industries.]  The  Weber  and  the  Kimball  Hall  buildings 


602  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO 

are  occupied  by  music  teachers,  principally,  and  by  persons  connected  with  the  music 
trade.  Passing-  up  the  avenue  we  stand  here  and  there  admiringly  in  front  of  the 
picture  store  and  furniture  store  windows,  of  which  there  are  many,  and  we  find  the 
day  wearing  rapidly  away  as  we  pass  from  Wirts  &  Scholle's  into  O'Brien's  art  gallery, 
where  I  will  leave  you  for  the  remainder  of  theafternoon,  knowing  very  well  that  you 
will  not  care  to  come  out  of  there  until  you  have  exhausted  the  patience  of  the  attend- 
ants. 
•SEVENTEENTH  DAY. 

As  you  left  O'Brien's  yesterday  evening,  the  employes  of  James  H.  Walker  &  Co.'s 
immense  retail  establishment,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Wabash  avenue  and  Adams 
street,  were  just  quitting  wcrk  for  the  day.  Although  State  street  has  monopolized 
the  retail  dry  goods  trade  for  many  years,  James  H.  Walker  &  Co.  have  so  established 
themselves  down  here  now  that  customers  leave  the  big-  thoroughfare  to  the  west  nat- 
urally, and  no  longer  feel  that  they  are  going  out  of  their  way  when  they  step  over  to 
Wabash  avenue.  A  large  number  of  important  houses  are  contemplating  a  move 
toward  this  center.  Before  we  leave  this  corner  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  the 
establishment  of  the  Root  &  Sons  Music  Company.  This  house  was  founded  by  the 
popular  composer,  Georg-e  F.  Root,  whose  songs  you  have  either  sung  yourself  or  lis- 
tened to  in  the  gooc1.  old  days.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  music  houses  in  the  country. 
At  No.  201  we  lind 

Brentano's,  the  Chicago  branch  of  one  of  the  leading  book  and  periodical  houses  of 
the  world.  Brentano's  establishments  may  be  found  in  London,  Paris  and  New  York. 
Here  you  will  find  anything  that  is  standard  in  foreign  and  domestic  literature,  guide 
books,  periodicals,  newspapers,  etc.  The  next  block  is  given  over  to  picture  stores, 
photographers,  publishers,  fancy  goods  dealers,  cloak  and  suit  establishments,  etc., 
and  the  windows  are  all  attractive.  The  great  millinery  house  of 

Keith  &  Company  is  at  our  right  as  we  pass  up,  and  it  seems  to  be  the  gathering 
place  just  at  present  of  all  the  milliners  in  the  country.  They  are  here  making  their 
full  purchases.  One  after  another  now  we  pass,  smaller  but  no  less  attractive  millin- 
ery stores,  that  branch  of  trade  having  found  a  center  in  this  vicinity,  Yes,  they  are 
all  wholesale  houses  exclusively.  S.  A.  Maxwell's  well-known  house  is  passed,  and  in 
the  vicinity  are  a  number  of  publishers  and  fancy  goods  store.  The  monotony  is 
broken  by  the  great  family  grocery  house  of 

Charles  H.  Slack.— This  is  a  concern  of  genuine  Chicago  proportions.  It  is  one  of 
the  largest,  handsomest  and  most  complete  retail  grocery  houses  on  the  continent. 
The  show  windows  are  themselves  a  treat.  Now  we  pass  the  headquarters  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  the  American  Tract  Society,  and  we  find 
ourselves  entering  the  great  publishing  and  book  house  of 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  which  has  grown  up  with  Chicago  and  occupies  a  position  sec- 
ond to  few  of  the  great  publishing  concerns  of  the  world.  Here  you  will  find  several 
floors  of  wide  area  given  over  to  the  display  of  books  and  .high-class  engravings.  A. 
C.  McClurg  &  Co.  publish  extensively  themselves  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  anything 
from  a  single  volume  to  an  outfit  for  a  public  library.  This  is  a  great  resort  for  people 
of  literary  taste,  and  I  am  proud  to  say  that  Chicago  people  of  literary  taste  are  very 
numerous.  There  are  a  large  number  of  interesting  houses  along  here,  for  instance 
Spoor  Mackey's  big  wall  paper  house,  Belford,  Clark  &  Co.'s  publishing  house,  the 
International  Library  Company,  and  more  especially  the 

Tobey  Furniture  Company,  which  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  concerns  on  the 
avenue,  partly  because  it  is  one  of  the  largest,  partly  because  of  its  beautiful  front  and 
partly  because  of  its  elegant  window  display.  This  building  was  occupied  for  a  long 


THE  GTJIDE.  603 

time  as  the  branch  house  of  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.  That  firm  came  out  West  with  the 
idea  that  it  would  close  up  a  number  of  the  great  Chicago  houses  which  were  cutting 
off  its  business  behind  the  ears.  Finding  that  it  couldn't  close  up  the  Chicago  houses 
it  did  the  next  best  thing  and  closed  up  itself.  Afterward  the  great  store  rooms  were 
occupied  as  a  wholesale  hardware  concern,  now  out  of  existence,  but  it  remained  for 
the  Tobey  Company  to  give  the  corner  life  and  i.  nimation,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the 
establishments  which  is  making  Wabash  avenue  a  popular  street.  Across  the  street  is 
an  establishment  well  known  throughout  this  country,  and  in  Europe  where  its  buy- 
ers are  of  ten  met  with.  This  is  the  house  of 

D.  B.  Fisk  it  Co.— Magnificent  both  as  to  exterior  and  to  interior.  It  is  a  wholesale 
millinery  house  of  the  highest  order,  and  goods  are  shipped  from  here,  north,  south.,, 
east  and  west  in  quantities  which  I  wouldn't  dare  to  estimate.  But  wherever  you  go 
you  hear  of  D.B.  Fisk's  millinery,  and  wherever  D.  B.  Fisk's  millinery  goes  the  lov- 
ing husband  and  the  indulgent  father  pays  the  freight.  On  the  corner  diagonally 
opposite  is  a  house  you  can  not  pass,  I  am  certain.  No,  you  must  go  inside.  I  knew 
it.  This  is  the  great  China,  glass,  porcelain,  Dresdenware,  etc.,  etc.,  establishment  of 

French,  Potter  &  Wilson.—  The  window  display  is  magnificent,  but  it  is  only  a  hint 
of  the  beautiful  and  the  pretty  and  the  costly  things  to  be  seen  inside.  Nearly  every- 
thing here  is  imported.  There  are  some  beautiful  lamps,  some  charming  vases,  some 
elegant  dinner  and  tea  sets ;  but  we  must  move  on  for  the  present.  You  can  come 
bRck  and  take  your  own  time  later  in  the  day.  Looking  up  or  down  Wabash  avenue 
from  this  point  we  behold  one  of  the  most  magnificent  busine.-s  streets  in  the  world. 
Unlike  some  of  our  streets,  the  architecture  is  nearly  all  of  a  uniform  character  and  the 
height  of  the  buildings  is  six  stories.  We  now  come  to  the  business  college  of 

Bryant  &  Stratton.— This  institution  has  turned  out  more  thoroughly  equipped 
young  business  men  than  any  other  in  the  country.  Many  of  the  most  successful 
merchants  in  Chicago  to-day  have  received  their  training  here.  It  will  be  worth  your 
while  to  go  up  and  take  a  stroll  through  the  college.  [See  Private  Education.]  We 
are  now  on  the  outskirts  of  the  wholesale  grocery  district,  and  we  begin  to  see  evi- 
dences of  it  in  the  number  of  cigar  signs,  gunpowder  signs,  etc.  I  don't  know  why 
gunpowder  and  wholesale  groceries  should  always  flock  together,  but  they  do.  There 
are  some  stove  establishments  and  wholesale  drug  houses  and  chemist  supply  houses 
here,  but  we  are  in  the  midst  of  the  wholesale  tobacco  and  cigar  men,  generally 
speaking,  and  these  go  hand-in-hand  with  the  men  who  handle  teas,  coffees,  sugar  and 
molasses.  Here  is  the  Frazer  Lubricator  Company,  of  which  Mr.  George  B.  Swift, 
formerly  commissioner  of  public  works,  is  president,  and  a  perfect  row  of  tea 
houses.  In 

DoggeWs  Building,  at  No.  34,  there  are  about  a  hundred  commission  firms  doing1 
business  in  every  branch  of  trade  related  nearly  or  remotely  to  the  grocery  business 
— from  minced  meats  to  tallow  candles,— and  on  the  corner  opposite  is  the  well-known 
name  of 

Franklin  MacVeagh  &  Co.— Mr.  MacVeagh  is  not  only  a  distinguished  merchant  but 
a  distinguished  citizen,  and  is  a  brother  of  Hon.  Wayne  MacVeagh,  who  served 
in  Cleveland's  cabinet.  Franklin  MacVeagh  &  Co.  are  wholesale  grocers  and  very 
prominent  ones.  I  will  only  take  you  a  little  farther  down  this  way,  because  the 
streets  are  beginning  to  fill  with  wagons,  and  it  is  difficult  for  the  ladies  to  climb  over 
the  sugar  barrels  and  salt  fish  casks  which  line  the  sidewalks.  If  we  will  follow  this 
street,  it  will  take  us  around  to  the  site  of  old  Fort  Dearborn  [see  Fort  Dearborn]; 
to  Kirk's  great  soap  factories,  where  70,000,000  pounds  of  soap  are  manufactured  annu- 
ally. There  is  a  congestion  here,  as  you  will  readily  notice.  A  walk  toward  the  north 
will  bring  you  into  the  midst  of  a  section  where  you  will  find  it  difficult  to  make  your 
way  without  risking  life  or  limb.  An  effort  is  being  made  at  this  writing  to  give 


604  &UIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

pedestrians  and  private  conveyances  an  outlet  to  the  North  Side  from  Wabash  and 
Michigan  avenues.  The  Rush  street  bridge,  which  you  willl  come  to,  if  you  follow 
the  traffic,  iscrowdedso  forsixteen  hours  a  day  that  it  is  dangerous  to  attempt  to  cross 
it  with  a  light  vehicle.  Heavy  wagons  are  the  rule  down  here,  and  only  heavy  wagons 
can  forge  their  way  through.  The 

May  Su\>way  is  designed  to  afford  the  people  of  the  South  and  North  divisions  an 
opportunity  of  crossing  the  river  without  being  subjected  to  the  annoyances  which  now 
beset  them.  The  latest  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  May  subway,  which,  in  plain  lan- 
guage, is  to  be  a  tunnel  to  connect  Michigan  boulevard  with  the  North  Side  park  sys- 
tem, is  $1.676,250.  This,  of  course,  has  nothing  to  do  with  land  damages,  if  there  be  any, 
but  is  an  estimate  on  the  actual  cost  of  the  work.  The  length  of  the  projected  "  May  '' 
subway  from  the  north  line  of  Madison  street,  produced  thence  along  lines  of  Central 
avenue  and  Pine  street  to  south  line  of  Ohio  street,  is  as  follows : 

Feet. 
South  approach , 79J 

Single  arch  to  river  dock  line l,6i)3 

Double  arch  section 466 

Single  arch  to  commencement  of  north  approach 519 

North  approach , 451 

Total  length 3,731 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  this  magnificent  public  work  will  be  under- 
taken during  the  year  1893,  and  that  it  will  be  completed  before  the  opening  of  the 
World's  Fair.  Its  completion  will  give  the  people  of  the  tf  orth  Side  direct  connection 
with  the  boulevard  and  park  system  of  the  South  Side,  and  the  peoples  of  the  South 
and  West  Sides  direct  and  safe  connection  with  Lincoln  Park,  the  North  Shore  Drive 
and  Sheridan  Road,  making  practically  one  great  pleasure  highway  from  the  Indiana 
State  line  to  a  point  twenty-six  mils  north  of  the  Court  House.  To-morrow  we  will 
visit  the  residence  district  of  the  South  Side. 

EIGHTEENTH  DAY. 

Yes,  naturally,  we  begin  with  Prairie  avenue.  Why  not?  It  is  the  avenue  of 
avenues  in  Chicago.  There  are  people  and  very  nice  people,  and  very  wealthy  people, 
and  I  might  add  very  exclusive  people,  living  on  other  avenues,  but  on  no  avenue  in  the 
city  are  there  to  be  found  the  homes  of  as  many  people  whose  names  are  so  closely 
allied  to  the  enterprise,  the  progress  and  the  culture  of  Chicago.  We  will  take  a  plain, 
ordinary  every-day  street  car  to  Sixteenth  street,  and  walk  east,  toward  the  lake. 
Then  we  will  walk  south  and  I  will  point  out  the  residences  to  you  as  best  I  can,  and 
tell  you  who  occupies  them.  In  the  first  place  you  are  disappointed  with  Prairie 
avenue  as  you  see  it,  looking  south  from  Sixteenth  street.  It  isn't  lined  with  palaces; 
no.  The  homes  of  the  millionaires  of  Chicago  are  not  palaces.  There  are  much  hand- 
somer residences  than  a  majority  of  these  to  be  found  on  other  streets  and  avenues. 
Many  of  the  mansions  are  comparatively  old.  Some  of  them  have '  a  weather-worn 
appearance.  You  see  it  is  this  way— the  people  who  occupy  these  houses  have  long 
since  passed  that  stage  of  human  weakness  which  demands  display.  They  could  have 
onyx  columns,  and  burnished  cupilos,  and  stained  glass  bay  windows,  and  polished 
marble  sidewalks,  and  little  bronze  cupids,  and  all  these  things  if  they  wanted  them, 
but  they  don't.  They  don't  need  them.  The  people  along  here  are  not  of  the  Veneer- 
ing variety.  They  are  solidly  wealthy.  They  can  afford  to  let  those  of  us  who  are 
struggling  to  command  attention  fire  off  the  pyrotechnics.  What  they  want  iti  sim- 
ply comfort,  and  this  with  as  little  ostentation  as  possible.  Of  course  I  am  speaking 
generally,  and  of  the  people  who  belong  to  this  avenue.  There  are  some  here  who 


THE    GUIDE. 


605 


belong  to  other  localities,  but  not  many.  Don't  make  the  mistake  either  that  these 
mansions  are  not  elegantly  furnished,  or  that  any  of  the  little  things  that  contribute 
toward  making  a  home  the  enter  of  culture  and  refinement  are  wanting  here.  The 
walls  of  many  of  these  mansions  are  hung  with  the  works  of  the  greatest  masters  of  all 
times;  the  libraries  are  not  merely  so  in  name  but  in'fact,  and  from  threshold  to  garret, 
if  you  should  be  invited  to  make  an  investigation,  you  would  find  that  elegant  taste  and 
good  judgment  have  been  brought  into  requisition  in  regard  to  every  article  and  every 
adornment  that  your  eyes  may  rest  on.  With  this  little  speech  we  will  take  up  our 
line  of  march.  The  Sweenic  residence  is  on  our  left  as  we  move  south,  and  we  pass  the 
homes  of  Josiah  H.  Boyer,  Joseph  L.  McBirney,  Walter  H.  Wilson  and  John  H.  Ham- 
line,  on  the  same  side  of  the  avenue.  On  the  other  side  are  the  handsome  resi- 
dences of  John  G.  Shortall,  Henry  L.  Frank,  and  of  P.  E.  Studebaker,  the  wagon  and 
carriage  manufacturer.  Next  door  to  him  livt  s  William  R.  Sterling.  A  little  further 
d..wn  is  Mr.  Granger  Farwell's  place,  and  opposite  is  the  home  of  the  great  coal  mer- 
chant, Robert  A.  Law.  South  of  Mr.  Farwell's  are  the  homes  of  Hugh  J.  McBirney, 
Isaac  M.  Linville  and  the 

Hon.  Jesse  Spaldino,  the  wealthy  lumber  merchant.  Pacific  railroad  director  and 
prominent  politician.  South  of  Mr.  Spalding's  we  pass  on  the  same  side  the  home  of 
William  G.  Hibbard,  and  on  the  other  side  the  residences  of  Abraham  Longini,  Morris 
Einstein,  Peter  Brust,  Rev.  George  C.  Lorimer,  Hulburd  Dunlevy  anil  Robert  Gregory. 
At  No.  1721  we  pass  the  house  of  the  late  brilliant  and  popular  lawyer,  Wirt  Dext  er 
whose  widow  occupies  the  home  now,  and  at  17-9  we  stand  in  front  of  the  beautiful 
residence  of 

George  M.  Pullman.—  This  is  a  noble  mansion,  but  far  from  being  the  home  which 
you  supposed  Mr.  Pullman  lived  in.  We  have  rassed  on  the  other  side  of  the  street 
the  residences  of  T.  W.  Harvey,  of  Albert  Sturges  and  of  Mr.  James  H.  Walker.  We 
are  now  in  front  of  an  odd-looking,  but  eiegant  residence,  occupied  by  Mr.  John  J. 
Glessner,  and  the  >.  extisthe  residence  of  O.  R.  Keith.  At  1816  we  find  the  home  of 
C.  M.  Henderson,  the  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  merchant ;  at  1828  that  of  Daniel  B.  Ship- 
man,  and  at  1831  that  of  Fernando  Jones.  On  the  other  side  of  the  street  is  the  home, 
of  Mrs  Miner  T.  Ames,  at  1827  that  of  J.  W.  Doane ;  at  1901  Norman  B.  Ream  resides, 
next  door  to  him  lives 

Mr.  Marshall  Field,  in  an  elegant  but  unostentatious  mansion.  At  1919  is  the  resi- 
dence of  Charles  Schwartz,  the  well-known  Board  of  Trade  man  ;  and  further  north, 
at  201',  is  the  residence  of  George  L.  Dunlap.  Mrs.  H.  O.  Stone,  a  leader  in  society, 
resides  at  2035 ;  Mr.  Elbridge  Keith  lives  at  No.  1900,  and  the  home  of  Edson  Keith  is  at 
19C6.  Mr.  Samuel  Allerton's  number  is  1936 ;  John  M.  Clark's  is  2000.  Going  over  to  the 
other  side  we  come  to  No.  2117,  which  is  occupied  by 

Mr.  P.  D.  Armour.  Like  the  homes  of  the  neighboring  millionaires,  there  is  noth- 
ing about  Mr.  Armour's  residence  suggestive  of  the  great  wealth  of  its  owner.  It  is  a 
handsome  dwelling  as  to  exterior ;  as  to  interior,  it  is  fitted  up  with  a  regard  to  com- 
fort principally,  but  at  the  same  time  an  air  of  genteel  refinement  and  elegant  luxury 
pervades  every  part  of  it.  From  this  point  south  we  pass,  on  either  side  of  the  avenue, 
the  homes  of  many  of  the  leading  people  of  Chicago.  As  a  rule  the  dwellings  are 
modest.  The  new  fads  in  architecture,  or  what  Joe  Gargcry  might  have  called 
architectitooralooralism,  have  not  found  their  way  into  favor  along  here  to  any  great 
extent  as  yet.  The  street  is  as  quiet  as  a  country  lane.  Even  the  banana  man's  voice  is 
hushed.  No  noise  breaks  the  dignified  stillness  of  Prairie  ave.,  save  the  occasional 
whirr  of  an  Illinois  Central  suburban  train  as  it  flies  by  the  back  yards  of  the  buildings 
on  the  east  side.  Although  close  to  the  business  center,  the  numerous  annoyances  of 
city  life  are  practically  left  behind  by  the  busy  men  who  make  their  homes  here  when 
they  enter  its  secluded  and  sedate  precincts. 


606  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

NINETEENTH  DAY, 

You  will  hear  a  certain  class  of  people  talking  of  the  district  in  which  we  find  our- 
selves to-day  as  the  "aristocratic  "  quarter  of  the  city.  You  will  not  hear  any  well- 
bred,  well-educated  or  cultivated  person  make  use  of  this  expression.  It  is  a  decidedly 
vulgar  method  of  conveying  the  idea  that  this  section  of  the  city  is  inhabited  very 
generally  by  people  of  means.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  an  aristocracy  in  Chicago. 
There  never  has  been  an  attempt  made  to  create  anything  of  the  kind  here.  Our 
wealthy  men  are  men  who  have  worked  their  own  way  upward,  they  are  men  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  I  believe  those  of  them  who  are  ashamed  of  their  humble  origin  are  very  few 
indeed.  Mr.  Field  would  be  a  gentleman  if  he  didn't  have  a  dollar,  for  he  is  naturally 
a  gentleman.  His  wealth  through  all  the  years  that  be  has  lived  in  Chicago  has  not 
changed  him  in  the  least.  The  same  is  true  of  Mr.  Armour— least  aristocratic  or  auto- 
cratic of  men— who  is  not  above  the  humblest  of  his  employes  in  his  own  estimation, 
and  who  would  rather  clothe  and  feed  a  needy  child  than  dress  for  a  banquet  himself. 
Mr.  Pullman  is  simply  a  workingman— a  hard  workingraan— who  seldom  gets  a  vaca- 
tion, and  finds  his  greatest  enjoyment  in  pursuits  which  are  honorable  but  certainly 
not  aristocratic.  These  are  conspicious  representatives  of  the  successful  mercantile 
class  in  this  city,  and  as  such  are  referred  to  in  this  connection.  The  whole  tenor  of 
their  lives,  viewed  from  any  point,  or  in  any  light,  proves  them  to  be  above  a  vulgar 
desire  to  be  thought  better  than  their  fellows,  simply  because  they  have  been  more  suc- 
cessful. The  respect  which  is  due  to  marked  ability  in  any  line  of  life,  to  genius,  to 
indomitable  perseverance,  to  spotless  integrity,  or  to  a  high  position  well  and  honor- 
ably earned,  belongs  to  these  and  to  hundreds  of  other  men  who  have  attained  promi- 
nence here.  If  they  are  regarded  with  very  general  esteem  by  the  community  at 
large,  it  is  not  because  they  have  accumulated  wealth  simply,  but  because  they  have 
earned  it  well  and  honorably,  exactly  as  men  earn  fame  or  position  in  other  avenues 
of  life.  There  is  no  mere  truckling  to  or  fawning  before  wealth  here.  A  number  of 
men  in  Chicago  have  great  wealth  who  can  command  no  respect.  A  very  large  num- 
ber of  men  in  Chicago  have  the  respect  of  their  neighbors  and  of  the  whole  community 
who  can  command  no  wealth.  With  such  an  independent  discriminative  and  demo- 
cratic sentiment  in  existence  here,  an  aristocracy  would  not  be  tolerated,  even  if  there 
were  among  our  wealthy  men  any  so  foolish  as  to  favor  its  establishment.  I  say 
these  things  to  you  because  some  of  the  members  of  our  party  came  from  a  country 
which  not  only  tolerates  but  enjoys  an  aristocracy.  We  ought  to  understand  each 
other  before  going  any  farther.  There  is  no  aristocracy  here,  then.  We  all  stand  an 
equal  chance,  if  we  behave  ourselves.  Now  this  is 

Calumet  Avenue — One  of  the  finest  residence  streets  on  the  South  Side,  second  only 
to  Prairie  avenue  and  by  some  considered  the  handsomer  avenue  of  the  tw  o.  It  ia  inhab- 
ited by  a  class  of  people  such  as  we  found  yesterday  on  Prarie  avenue,  but  perhaps  not 
so  many  wealthy  men  are  grouped  together  over  here.  Among  the  first  residences  we 
como  to  are  those  of  Mr.  John  Buckingham,  Mr.  Norman  Williams,  Mr.  C.  H.  Fargo, 
Judge  Caton,  and,  a  little  farther  down,  Mr.  J.  C.  Chumesero— all  well  known  and 
prominent  citizens.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  we  find  the  homes  of  Henry  W. 
Hoyt,  John  A.  Hamlin,  John  Ailing  and  John  R.  Walsh,  equally  well-known  and 
prominent  people.  These  are  all  handsome  residences,  and  are  furnished  in  the  highest 
taste.  Going  down  the  avenue  we  pass  the  homes  of  Lazarus  Silverman,  the  banker ; 
Otto  Young,  the  well  known  merchant  and  manager  of  "  The  Fair;"  John  B.  Drake, 
principal  proprietor  of  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel;  Robert  M.  Fair,  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.; 
Judge  Kirk  Hawes,  John  P.  Laflin,  J.  H.  McAvoy,  the  big  brewer ;  John  B.  Mayo,  the 
jeweler  ;  and  the  homes  of  a  number  of  other  persons  well-known  in  society  and  busi- 
ness circles.  Calumet  avenue  has  a  distinguished  air  about  it.  The  houses  are  all 


THE    GUIDE.  607 

fresh-looking  and  the  lawns  arc  bright  and  attractive.  We  will  walk  down  a  few  blocks 
to 

College  Place—  Which  is  a  decidedly  respectable-looking  little  by-street.  Here 
ome  very  prominent  families  reside,  but  we  will  only  linger  a  moment  to  admire  their 
homes  before  paying  a  similairly  brief  visit  to 

University  Place— Another  rather  exclusive  neighborhood,  where  the  residents 
know  all  about  each  other  and  where  a  stranger  would  be  likely  to  suffer  criticism  if 
he  should  dare  to  take  up  his  abode  without  having  been  previously  presented  to 
the  head  of  the  Burgeoise  circle.  From  University  Place  we  naturally  turn  south  on 

Vincennes  Avenue— Which  is  hardly  quite  as  fashionable  as  some  of  its  neighbors 
just  yet,  because  it  hasn't  been  so  well  built  up.  If  you  walk  down  Vincennes  ave. 
to  Forty-third  st.  you  will  come  upon  the  Storey  mansion,  which  faces  that  street  with 
its  rear  rest  ng  on  Grand  boulevard.  It  looms  up  like  a  flour  mill  from  where  we 
stand  now,  and  as  a  matter  of  fact  it  is  more  like  a  flour-mill  in  design  and  construct- 
ion than  any  thing  I  know  of.  Yes,  it  will  be  sold  one  of  these  days  and  torn  down. 
It  was  a  mad  freak.  While  we  are  in  this  vicinity,  if  you  are  not  too  tired,  we  will 
walk  over  to 

Grand  Boulevard.— This  is  one  of  the  fashionable  drives  of  the  South  Side,  and  I 
have  already  referred  to  it  under  the  heading  "Park  System."  Turn  the  pages  over. 
However,  I  have  said  nothing  about  the  people  who  reside  on  it.  Commencing  at  the 
southern  extremity,  where  it  joins  Washington  Park,  we  will  walk  up.  Among  the 
handsome  residences  we  pass  to  the  right  and  left  are  those  of  Judge  H.  M.  Shepard, 
Mr.  Charles  H.  Aldrich,  Brice  Worley,  John  W.  Conley,  Mark  Webster,  William  W. 
Peck,  H.  E.  Henderson,  Patrick  McManus,  S.  J.  Gorman,  Norman  T.  Gazette,  J.  H. 
Campbell,  S.  P.  Parmly,  E.  Frankenthal,  J.  McMahon,  Judge  Gwyne  Garnett,  John  F. 
Finerty,  George  E.  Cole,  and,  as  the  political  calls  say,  "many  others."  I  have  not 
asked  you  to  go  through  the  south  parks  with  me  because  you  have  all  the  informa- 
tion lean  give  you  regarding  those  beautiful  places  in  your  possession  already.  I  will 
let  you  take  the  parks  in  yourself  later  in  the  evening,  and  we  will  wind  up  our  day's 
trip  now  by  walking  west  on  Thirty-ninth  street,  and  north  on  Michigan  boulevard. 
All  of  the  streets  running  north  and  south  an<l  cast  and  west  in  this  neighborhood  are 
interesting  to  the  visitor,  for  they  are  beautifully  built  up  and  inhabited  by  people  of 
means  and  culture.  We  can  only  notice  thorn  casually  as  we  pass,  however.  From 
Thirty-ninth  street,  north  to  Twenty -second  street,  the  east  and  west  streets,  with  one 
or  two  exceptions,  are  considered  desirable  residence  avenues.  Especially  is  this  the 
case  with  Thirty-third,  Thirty-seventh  and  Thirty-ninth  streets.  The  latter  is  a  boule- 
vard connecting  Grand  and  Michigan  boulevards.  [See  Park  System  and  Map.] 
Passing  west  on  Thirty-ninth  street,  we  admire  the  cheerful  aspect  of  the  houses  and 
find  ourselves  on 

Michigan  Boulevard.— It  is  still  called  Michigan  avenue  here,  the  park  commis- 
sioners to  the  contrary,  notwithstanding;  and  you  will  find  it  referred  to  elsewhere 
in  this  volume  under  that  title.  Michigan  avenue  is  the  popular  name,  and  it  is  likely 
to  cling  for  many  years  to  come.  But  the  street  is  a  boulevard  and  under  the  control 
of  the  park  commissioners.  I  don't  care  what  people  may  say  about  other  streets  and 
avenues — about  Prairie,  Calumet,  Lake,  Ellis,  Grand,  the  Lake  Shore  Drive  or  Ash- 
land—Michigan  is  the  finest  of  them  all.  What  a  magnificent  stretch  of  perfect  road- 
way lies  before  us!  How  stately  and  how  elegant  the  graceful  residences  of  the  boule- 
vard, with  their  handsome  lawns  and  their  wide-spreading  shade  trees,  rising  on  either 
side  until  the  street  narrows  to  a  beautiful  country  lane,  in  our  vision,  a  mile  to  the 
north  1  The  roadway  is  as  level  as  the  top  of  a  billiard  table ;  and  the  clickity-clicfe  of 
the  horses'  feet  over  the  well-kept  pavement  is  music  to  our  ears,  and  carries  us  back 


608  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

to  the  courier's  ride  in  "Held  by  the  Enemy."  We  are  passing  some  of  the  finest 
mansions  in  the  city  now— mansions  of  the  new  and  golden  epoch  in  Chicago's  his- 
tory. I  can  not  point  out  all  of  them,  but  I  will  show  you  the  homes  of  people  who 
are  well  known  here.  At  No.  4225  we  find  the  home  of  Donald  Fraser ;  a  few  doors 
north,  on  the  same  side,  No.  3943,  the  residence  of  D.  R.  Lewis;  at  3819,  that  of  Rev.  G. 
D.  Knapp;  and  then,  as  we  walk  along,  we  pass  in  succession  the  homes  of  H.  L. 
Bristol,  Charles  M.  Hudders,  Joseph  Donnersberger,  Enoch  Root,  C.  W.  Needham, 
George  B.  Wright,  C.  W.  Allen,  Charles  E.  Maxwell,  A.  A.  Libby,  S.  F.  Leopold,  H.  E. 
Greenebaum,  A.  D'Ancona,  C.  A.  Kerfoot,  A.  J.  Hewling,  Louis  Wampold,  Eugene 
O'Rielly;  at  3201,  the  residence  of 

Charles  T.  Yerkes,  president  of  the  North  and  South  Side  cable  companies,  where 
one  of  the  finest  private  picture  galleries  in  the  country  is  being  fitted  up.  [See  "Art."] 
Near  here  are  the  homes  of  William  H.  Cowles,  Simon  Mandel,  C.  W.  Pardridge,  A.  O. 
Slaughter,  and  the  beautiful  mansion  of 

Michael  Cudahy,  the  former  business  partner  of  P.  D.  Armour.  Next  door  to  the 
latter  resides  Judge  Mackin,  and  next  door  to  him  lives  Mr.  John  M.  Dandy,  editor  of  the 
Saturday  Evening  Herald.  At  2960  we  find  the  beautiful  residence  of  Emanuel  Mandel, 
of  Mandel  Uros.,  and  at  2944  the  home  of  Sidney  A.  Kent.  Along  here  are  the  homes 
of  the  Corneaus,  O'Malleys,  Hills,  Gillettes  and  Heyworths,  and  at  3838  is  the  palatial 
but  extraordinary  looking  residence  of 

Henry  N,  Higinbotham,  Marshall  Field's  principal  business  partner.  This  is  a  queer 
looking  house,  but  it  is  one  of  the  most  costly  mansions  in  the  country.  At  i616  is  the 
home  of  C.  W.  Brega,  and  on  the  same  side  of  the  street  farther  up  are  the  residences 
of  the  Schoenmanns  and  Cohens,  leading  Hebrew  families.  Near  here  we  pass  the 
homes  of  P.  D.  Armour,  Jr.,  and  of  L.  Schlessinger.  Then  we  are  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  residences  of  H.  H.  Honore,  Jr.,  Edwin  Walker,  S.  K.  Martin,  Mr.  J.  A.  Roth- 
schild and  David  K.  Hill,  of  Willoughby,  HiJl  &  Co.  At  2505  we  pass  the  home  of  J.  F. 
Keeney,  and  farther  along  those  of  Mrs.  Harold  S.  Peck,  J.  B.  Clarke,  L.  A.  Calkins 
and  other  well-known  people.  At  2343  resides  David  Mayer,  of  Schlessinger  &  Mayer, 
and  some  distance  up  the  street  Charles  Fargo.  Wallace  Peck  lives  at  2?54,  and  Mrs.  P. 
F.W.  Peck  at  2256,  where  Mr.  Clarence  J.  Peck  and  wife  also  make  their  home.  At  2103 

J.  Russell  Jrmcs,  formerly  a  foreign  minister  of  the  United  States  government,  and 
latterly  principal  owner  of  the  West  Division  street  railroad,  resides.  A«t  2014  Henry 
Keep  is  at  home,  and  a  few  doors  auove  resides  Albert  Keep,  whose  name  must  be 
familiar  to  you.  Other  prominent  residents  along  here  are  J.  H.  McVicker  (1842),  Ferd 
W.  Peck  (1826).  Charles  D.  Seeberger  (1827),  William  H.  Cowles  (1805),  N.  K.  Fairbank 
(•801),  W.  W.  Kimball  (1641),  S.  C.  Griggs  (1637),  Addison  Ballard  (1514),  M.  A.  Farwell, 
(1343),  P.  J.  Sexton  (1340),  S.  D.  Kimbark  (331),  E.  J.  Lehman  (309),  and  C.  L.  Willoughby 
(291).  We  are  now  at  the  end  of  our  journey  for  the  day.  The  Lake  Front  park  is  before 
you.  They  are  trying  to  do  something  to  make  it  attractive  for  the  World's  Fair,  but 
it  is  hard  to  accomplish  anything  when  adverse  circumstances  appear  to  pop  up  at 
every  step.  You  will  find  sail  boats  on  the  lake  shore.  Take  one  at  your  own  risk. 
Yes,  they  are  tolerably  safe. 
TWENTIETH  DAY. 

It  will  be  out  of  the  question  for  us  to  see  the  entire  southern  residence  section  of 
this  city  within  the  time  at  our  disposal.  You  should  give  the  greater  part  of  this  day  to 
Washington  Park,  Drexel  Boulevard  and  Jackson  Park.  [See  Park  System.]  All  the 
information  you  require  concerning  these  beautiful  places  is  given  in  this  volume.  At 
Jackson  Park,  however,  you  will  be  interested  in  the  preparations  being  pushed 
forward  for  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  [See  Part  IV.]  They  are  on  an  exten- 
sive scale.  Coming  away  from  Jacks  on  Park  you  should  walk  or  ride  through  Hyde 


THE    GUIDE.  609 

Park,  Madison  Park,  Kenwood,  and  the  other  charming  districts  in  the  neighborhood. 
Some  of  the  finest  avenues  in  the  world  are  to  be  seen  down  this  way,  and  along  these 
you  will  find  elegant  mansions  with  spacious  grounds  and  beautiful  surroundings. 
Passing  toward  the  west  through  Midway  Plaisance  toward  Ellis  ave.,  you  will 
see  the  site  of  the  new  University  of  Chicago,  where  work  is  in  progress  on  the  new 
buildings.  On  Ellis  avenue  itself,  there  is  a  long  stretch  of  beautiful  residences.  You 
will  find  many  costly  mansions  also  on  Woodlawn,  Greenwood,  and  in  fact,  on  all  the 
avenues  running  north  and  south,  down  here.  It  would  require  a  week  to  point  them 
all  out  to  you.  Going  over  to  Drexel  boulevard,  however,  there  are  a  few  which  I 
will  call  your  attention  to.  The  elegant  mansion  No.  -i851,  is  the  property  of  Martin  A. 
Ityerson;  at  4651  resides  Warren  F.  Leland;  at  4545,  W.  E.  Hall;  at  4329,  S.  M.  Garteide; 
at  4105,  W.  H.  Murdock;  at  4045,  Julius  Bauer;  at  4011,  Robert  Mclntyre;  at  3985,  E. 
B.  Sherman.  On  the  other  side  of  the  boulevard  handsome  residences  are  occupied 
by  Anderson  Fowler,  James  W.  Oakley,  H.  P.  Darlington,  R.  Guthman,  George  Suf- 
fern,  R.  C.  Samuel,  W.  M.  Livingston,  M.  F.  Coe,  William  A.  Bollard,  Horace  W.  Soper, 
W.  C.  Brewster,  J.  G.  Pattison,  Robert  C.  Boyd,  and  others.  I  will  leave  you  to  wan- 
der along  this  beautiful  boulevard  at  your  leisure,  and  meet  you  at  the  cottage  where 
the  park  phnetons  are  in  waiting  to  take  you  over  the  entire  South  Park  system.  Or, 
if  you  prefer  it,  we  will  take  the  cable  line  up  Cottage  Grove  ave.  A  few  years  ago 
this  was  rather  a  poor  thoroughfare,  architecturally  and  otherwise,  but  it  is  built  up 
substantially  and  beautifully  now,  from  39th  to  22d  st.  South  of  39th  st.  it  is  under- 
going a  transformation  also.  There  was  much  speculation  in  real  estate  here  during 
the  past  year,  when  it  was  supposed  that  the  exposition  would  be  located  at  Wash- 
ington Park.  Although  the  purchasers  may  have  been  disappointed  in  this,  the 
avenue  is  still  the  most  direct  business  street  leading  to  Midway  Plaisance,  and 
doubtless  there  will  be  great  activity  along  it  during  the  Columbian  Exposition.  We 
pass  many  beautiful  spots  on  our  way  north.  Among  them 

Oroveland  Square,  which  is  hemmed  in  with  handsome  residences.  Cottage  Grove 
avenue  crosses  all  the  fashionable  streets  on  the  South  Side,  east  of  Michigan  avenue, 
and  you  notice  that  we  have  just  had  a  glimpse  of  Calumet  and  Prairie  avenues.  The 
cable  cars  down  this  way  travel  like  the  mischief,  but  they  slow  up  at  22nd  st.  Now 
suppose  we  take  a  transfer  at  35th  street,  and  go  over  to  the 

Union  Stock  Yards.  All  right.  We  will  be  in  the  midst  of  the  greatest  meat  pack- 
ing district  in  the  world,  in  a  few  minvites,  and  after  showing  you  inside  the  gate,  I  will 
ask  you  to  turn  to  the  heading  "  Great  Industries  of  Chicago,"  and  thumb  the  pages 
until  you  come  to  Union  Stock  Yards.  There  you  will  find  all  the  information  you 
could  possibly  require  concering  the  yards  themselves,  the  business  done  and  the 
method  of  doing  it.  It  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  add  anything  here.  We  will  meet 
down  here  in  the  morning. 
TWENTY-FIRST  DAY. 

I  wanted  to  meet  you  near  the  Stock  Yards  this  morning  in  order  that  we  might 
enter  the  West  Division  by  way  of  South  Halsted  street.  This  is  one  of  the  most- 
remarkable  thoroughfares  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  You  are  surprised  and  quite  natur- 
ally so,  to  find  so  many  fine  business  houses  down  this  way,  and  to  find  so  many  busy 
people  other  than  those  who  have  a  connection  with  the  cattle  trade. 

South  Halsted  Street  is  the  commercial  artery  of  the  Stock  Yards  and  Bridgeport 
districts.  Where  you  see  the  forest  of  chimneys  and  the  clouds  of  smoke  over  there  is 
Bridgeport,  and  here  are  located  rendering  works,  glue  factories,  fertilizer  mills,  etc., 
which  produce  by  their  combined  effort  every  day  an  odor  strong  enough  to  lift  your 
hat.  We  happen  to  be  on  the  right  side  of  that  odor  to-day.  West-siders  will  tell  you 


610  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

that  when  the  wind  blows  from  the  south  they  can  smell  everything  from  the  vale  of 
Cashmere  to  the  cholera  district  of  Asia  Minor.  But  with  all  its  faults  and  emells 
Bridgeport  has  its  virtues.  Thousands  of  laborers  are  employed  and  well  paid  here, 
and  it  is  to  the  industries  which  produce  the  smells  that  South  Halsted  street.  Archer 
avenue  and  Blue  Island  avenue,  and  the  streets  tributary  owe  their  prosper  it y.  Mr 
Armour's  works  over  there  made  6,360,000  pounds  of  glue  in  1890,  besides  producing 
9,000  tons  of  fertilizers,  grease,  etc.  They  cover  fifteen  acres  and  employ  550  men. 
This  is  only  one  of  many  such  concerns.  Walking  up  South  Halsted  street  we  soon 
find  ourselves  on  the  West  Side,  and  here  we  begin  to  notice  that  the  stores  are  more 
numerous,  and  that  they  are  apparently  doing  a  thriving  business.  There  are  a  few 
very  large  concerns  down  here  in  the  ret  lil  trade.  We  cross  the  great  western  rail- 
road entrance  to  the  city  at  Sixteenth  street,  over  a  viaduct  made  famous  by  the  riot 
of  1877.  It  was  here  that  Deputy  Superintendent  of  Police  Joseph  Dixon,  rode  a  milk 
white  charger  at  the  head  of  a  battalion  of  raw  recruits,  most  of  -whom  were  mounted 
upon  street  car  horses,  and  found  himself  in  the  clutches  of  the  mob  before  he  realized 
that  he  was  a  commander  without  a  command.  When  he  gave  the  order  to  advance,  the 
raw  recruits  retreated.  Here,  too,  one  company  of  the  First  Regiment,  during  those 
trying  days,  did  its  utmost  towards  annihilating  another  company,  mistaking  it  for  the 
enemy.  The  only  thing  that  prevented  a  terrible  slaughter  was  the  fact  that  most  of 
those  who  did  the  firing  shot  into  eternal  space  with  their  eyes  shut.  Under  this 
viaduct  numerous  passenger  trains  were  stoned,  and  several  persons  were  injured.  The 

Riot  of  1877  extended  all  along  South  Halsted  street,  from  this  point  south  to  the 
Stock  Yards  and  north  to  Twelfth  street,  and  for  a  day  or  two  it  seemed  as  though  the 
city  was  doomed.  When  it  was  all  over,  however,  only  a  few  persons  were  found  to 
have  been  hurt.  It  was  here  that  "  the  pale  air  was  streaked  with  blood,"  according  to 
the  late  Stanley  Huntly,  then  a  reporter  on  the  Tribune,  and  here  too  that  the  "  mol- 
ten masses  of  humanity  surged  and  foamed  and  raged  "  for  twenty-four  hours,  while 
"  brick-bats  flew,  strong  men  turned  pale  and  women  fainted."  Those  were  great 
days  for  the  police  and  the  imaginative  reporters.  We  arrive  at 

Twelfth  Street,  the  heart  of  what  was  in  old  times  the  "  Terror  District "  of  the  city. 
Here  a  murder  used  to  be  a  thing  of  common  occurrence,  and  the  policemen  detailed 
for  duty  on  West  Twelfth  street  at  night  had  reason  to  feel,  and  did  feel,  like  one  upon 
whom  the  sentence  of  death  had  been  pronounced.  This  was  where  the  thug  flour- 
ished, and  where  bloody  fights  were  the  usual  Sunday  afternoon  pastimes  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  population.  But  things  are  quiet,  orderly,  and  respectable 
along  here  now.  To  our  left  is  the  Jesuit  Church,  and  adjoining  it  is  St.  Ignatius 
College.  Fine  buildings  are  to  be  seen  on  every  corner,  and  a  great  retail  business  is 
done  at  this  intersection.  Farther  up  we  come  to 

Blue  Island  Avenue,  which,  far  to  the  southwest,  terminates  in  the  notorious  Black 
Road  and  leads  to  the  McCormick  Reaper  Works.  Blue  Island  ave.  is  another  great 
thoroughfare.  Like  Twelfth  and  South  Halsted  sts.,  it  is  the  great  shopping  avenue 
of  the  working  people  who  populate  this  section.  The  stores  are  nearly  all  small,  but 
there  are  so  many  of  them  that  we  wonder  how  they  all  command  custom.  North  of 
Blue  Island  avenue  we  pass  some  handsome  business  blocks.  The  Standard  Theatre  is 
at  our  left,  and  farther  up,  near  Madison  st.,  we  come  to  the  beautiful  Academy  of 
Music.  If  we  follow  Halsted  st.  it  will  carry  us  over  viaducts  and  bridges  into  Lake 
View  on  the  north;  past  great  foundries,  manufactories  and  rolling  mills,  but  the 
walk  is  too  long.  Take  a  Hansom  cab,  or  take  a  street  car  at  Madison  st.,  and  make 
the  trip.  You  will  enjoy  it.  You  will  pass,  among  other  things,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital 
and  the  McCormick  Seminary.  By  changing  cars  at  Garfield  ave.  you  can  go  over  to 


THE   GUIDE.  611 

Lincoln  Park.  One  more  change  will  bring  you  down  Clark  or  Wells  st.,  and  having: 
made  the  circuit  you  will  find  yourself  in  the  heart  of  the  city  ata  seasonable  hour  this 
evening.    To-night  you  might  visit  the  Haymarket,  or  the  Academy,  on  this  side  of  the 
river.    I  will  meet  you  at  the  Madison  st.  bridge  to-morrow  morning. 
TWENTY-SECOND  DAY. 

We  will  start  westward  from  the  Madison  street  bridge  this  morning.  There  is  a 
new  and  handsome  steel  bridge  here  now,  which  was  thrown  open  to  the  public  dur- 
ing the  past  year.  The  old  bridge,  which  did  service  here  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury, was  moved  down  the  river  to  Washington  street,  where  it  connects  two  new  via- 
ducts and  makes  Washington  street,  east  and  west,  a  thoroughfare.  The  tunnel 
through  which  the  cable  cars  pass  runs  beneath  the  river  here.  The  new  Madison 
street  bridge  is  one  of  the  finest  swing  bridges  erected  in  this  city.  For  years  the  old 
bridge  was  inadequate,  but  the  moving  of  it  was  postponed  from  time  to  time  because 
of  a  dread  that  any  change  would  upset  the  business  of  the  West  and  South  Sides,  dis- 
commode the  ^public  and  cause  blockades  over  the  other  swing  bridges  near  by. 
Within  the  past  five  years,  however,  new  bridges  have  been  constructed  at  Jackson 
and  Adams  streets.  Besides  these  improvements,  the  switching  of  the  West  Division 
Railway  cars  under  the  tunnel  greatly  relieved  the  strain  upon  the  Madison  street 
bridge,  so  that  of  late,  while  the  travel  over  here  is  immense  at  all  hours  of  the  day, 
and  particularly  in  the  morning  and  in  the  evening,  it  is  by  no  means  as  great  as  for- 
merly. It  would  be  an  interesting  sight  for  you  to  stand  here  on  a  summer's  evening 
about  the  time  the  business  houses  and  factories  of  the  South  Side  are  discharging 
their  throngs  of  employes,  and  also  about  the  time  the  workingmen  of  the  West  Side 
are  moving  toward  their  homes  in  other  parts  of  the  city.  It  has  been  the  case  for  a 
number  of  years,  that  just  about  this  time,  when  the  street  cars  were  ovei flowing 
with  passengers  and  following  each  other  up  at  intervals  of  less  than  one-eighth 
of  a  minute  apart,  that  a  lumber  schooner,  or  half  a  dozen  of  them,  and  perhaps  a 
propeller  or  two,  would  demand  the  opening  of  the  draw.  I  have  seen  the  block- 
ade extend  from  State  street  to  the  bridge  on  the  east,  and  from  the  bridge  to 
Halsted  street  on  the  west  a±  such  times.  It  would  be  no  exaggeration  to  say 
that  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  time  has  been  lost  here  by  business  people  dur- 
ing the  last  quarter  of  a  century.  The  cable  loop  has  been  a  great  relief  to  the 
public  generally.  The  construction  of  a  new  four-track  steel  bridge  here  has 
not  only  greatly  facilitated  traffic  between  the  West  and  South  Sides,  but  has  done 
much  toward  building  up  what  really  ought  to  be  the  greatest  artery  in  the  city- 
Madison  street.  From  the  bridge  to  the  city  limits  and  beyond,  the  thoroughfare 
upon  which  we  are  about  to  enter  is  called  West  Madison  street.  There  is  an  old  say- 
ing in  this  city  that  Halsted  street  extends  from  Milwaukee  to  Cairo,  and  with  equal 
truth  it  might  be  said,  that  Madison  street  extends  from  Lake  Michigan  to  Burlington. 
Iowa.  These  streets,  like  many  other  of  the  leading  thoroughfares  of  the  city,  are 
what  are  known  as  section  lines.  They  follow  the  line  of  the  original  surveys  made  here 
years  before  Chicago  had  developed  even  into  a  third-class  town.  All  over  Chicago  we 
find  that  the  old  country  roadways  have  been  preserved  in  these  later  days  as  streets. 
For  instance,  before  we  had  railways  in  this  country  we  had  the  Green  Bay  road, 
which  extended  from  Chicago  into  the  Lake  Superior  country.  At  present  itis  known 
as  North  Clark  street  as  far  as  the  city  limits,  as  Evanston  avenue  for  a  distance,  and 
again  as  Chicago  avenue  until  we  reach  the  point  beyond  our  suburban  line,  where  it  is 
still  known  as  the  Green  Bay  road.  Milwaukee  avenue  used  to  be  the  old  Milwaukee 
road.  Blue  Island  avenue  was  the  Blue  Island  road  and  Lake  Avenue,  on  the  South 
Side,  was  the  military  road  which  led  from  Fort  Dearborn  to  the  nearest  garrisons  in 
existence  on  the  border,  among  them  Detroit.  Madison  street  to-day  extends  through 


612  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

the  township  of  West  Chicago  and  through  Cicero.  I  do  not  know  where  it  ends, 
because  I  have  never  seen  the  end  of  it,  but  it  loses  itself  miles  from  here  somewhere 
in  the  prairie  to  the  west.  For  three  miles  west  of  the  bridge  it  is  a  business  street. 
When  the  great  fire  of  1871  laid  the  South  Side  in  ashes,  the  greater  part  of  the  West 
Side,  in  fact  all  of  it  except  the  small  district  in  the  vicinity  of  the  barn  where  Mrs. 
O'Leary's  cow  gave  the  fatal  kick,  was  untouched.  Up  to  this  time  Madison  street 
was  occupied  on  either  side  by  small  frame  residences  of  the  semi-genteel  character 
and  a  great  many  people  doing  business  on  the  South  Side  lived  in  these  houses! 
Before  the  people  of  Chicago  had  recovered  their  senses  after  the  conflagration,  these 
West  Side  residents  had  commenced  tearing  the  fronts  out  of  their  homes,  and  trans- 
forming them  into  shops.  From  the  bridge  to  Ashland  avenue  something  like  three 
hundred  Madison  street  residences  were  transformed  into  stores  in  less  than  three 
weeks  to  meet  the  demands  of  South  Side  business  people.  Not  only  on  Madison 
street,  but  in  fact  on  all  the  streets  contiguous  to  the  river,  private  residences  were 
transformed  into  business  houses,  into  boarding  houses  and  into  hotels.  As  the  South 
Side  was  rebuilt,  many  of  the  people  who  had  taken  up  temporary  quarters  in  the 
West  Division  moved  back,  and  for  four  or  five  years  there  was  a  large  number  of 
vacant  shops  on  this  side  of  the  river,  but  the  West  Side  had  experienced  the  flavor  of 
a  business  boom,  and  during  the  past  twenty  years  its  mercantile  interests  have  con- 
tinued to  expand,  until  to-day,  while  all  the  district  between  the  river  and  Ashland 
avenue  is  not  given  over  to  business  houses,  it  is  almost  entirely  so.  To  our  left  as  we 
leave  the  viaduct  is 

The  Union  Depot.— The  ground  covered  by  this  railway  station  extends  from  Madi- 
son st.  on  the  north  to  Van  Buren  st.  on  the  south,  and  covers  about  a  block  in  width 
along  the  river  front.  This  depot  has  been  frequently  referred  to  before,  and 
it  only  remains  to  be  said  here  that  it  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  country,  and  that 
its  train  shed  is  the  largest  in  existence.  On  the  west  side  of  Canal  st.,  and  particu- 
larly in  the  vicinity  of  Madison,  is  a  block  of  buildings  which  has  long  been  not  only  a 
disgrace  to  the  West  Division  of  the  city,  but  to  all  Chicago.  It  is  covered  in  part  by 
tumble-down  frame  buildings,  and  in  part  by  lodging  houses  of  the  lowest  description, 
and  the  vicinity  is  the  resort  of  idlers,  thieves  and  vagabonds  generally.  The  lodging 
houses  have  frequently  been  the  scene  of  crimes  which  have  shocked  the  community, 
and  they  have  been  as  well  a  menace  to  the  general  peace  of  the  city  in  times  of 
riot  and  disorder.  In  these  lodging  houses,  also,  ;havebeen  colonized  at  various  times 
men  who  have  been  hired  to  do  disreputable  work  at  the  polls.  To  our  right  is  the  old 
Washington  Hotel,  a  landmark  which  will  shortly  disappear  to  make  room  for  an  ele- 
gant block  of  buildings.  Beyond  this,  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Canal  st.,  is  a  hand- 
some European  hotel,  and  further  on  is  the  Gault  House,  one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  hotels  in  the  city.  From  this  point  to  Union  st.  there  is  not  much  to  be  seen 
that  reflects  credit  on  the  West  Side,  or  that  will  interest  the  visitor.  Opposite  Union 
street, 

Madison  Hatt  has  been  erected.  This  structure  is  to  cost  $200,000.  The  site  has  a 
frontage  of  96  feet  on  Madison,  and  extends  back  190  feet  to  School  street.  The  front 
elevation  presents  the  Romanesque  style  of  architecture ,  The  building  is  constructed 
in  the  form  of  a  double  L,  the  west  walls  extending  back  60  feet,  and  include  a  hand- 
some enamel  brick  porch.  It  is  seven  stories  high,  exclusive  of  the  basement,  the  two 
upper  floors  being  fitted  up  for  a  dancing  pavilion.  The  first  floor  contains  four 
stores,  each  17x60  feet,  two  on  either  side  of  the  main  entrance,  which  are  22  feet  6 
inches  wide  and  22  feet  high.  The  second,  third  and  fourth  floors  contain  about  60 
offices.  A  seventeen-foot  court  separates  the  office  building  and  theatre,  which  will 
be  96x112  feet  in  dimensions,  and  flre-proof  throughout.  The  proscenium  opening  is 


THE   GUIDE.  613 

48x33  feet;  the  stage,  96x48;  the  auditorium,  96x64,  and  foyer,  17x14.  It  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  2,600.  The  stage  has  two  fly  floors  on  either  side,  and  constructed  iron 
rigging  loft,  68  feet  above  the  stage,  supported  by  Howe  tresses.  Two  open  and  eight 
projecting  boxes  flank  the  proscenium  opening,  and  three  spacious  galleries  almost 
encircle  the  auditorium.  The  decoration  is  largely  in  Lincrusta  Walton  and  stucco. 
The  first  floor  has  an  elevation  of  fifteen  feet;  the  second,  twelve  feet;  the  third  and 
fourth,  eleven  fett;  the  fifth,  sixteen  and  a  half  feet;  and  the  sixth,  twenty-four 
feet.  [See  Kohl  &  Middleton's  West  Side  Museum.]  Adjoining  this  new  structure  stands 
The  New  John  M.Smyth  Building.—  The  Standard  Guide  for  1891  contained  an 
engraving  and  a  description  of  the  John  M.  Smyth  building  on  West  Madison  street. 
The  book  was  scarcely  issued  before  this  handsome  structure  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
Upon  the  ruins  has  arisen  a  building  far  more  costly  and  elegant  in  every  detail  than 
its  predecessor.  Itis  the  handsomest_structure  in  Chicago  devoted  to  retail  furniture 
trade  and  the  most  imposing  structure  on  this  side  of  the  river.  It  is  eight  stories  in 
height  and  cost  over  8300,f  00.  The  building  has  a  frontage  on  West  Madison  street  of 
205  feet,  the  end  wings  having  each  a  frontage  of  forty  feet  extending  back  to  a 
depth  of  180  feet  to  School  street  in  the  rear,  while  the  center  portion  with  a  frontage 
of  125  feet  is  125  feet  deep  thus  having  a  court  for  shipping  purposes.  The  court  is 
covered  by  a  trussed  glass  roof .  The  exterior  of  the  first  two  stories  is  built  of  tool, 
dressed  blue  Bedford  stone.  Above  this  Bedford  stone  is  used.  The  feature  of  the 
front  is  a  grand  central  entrance,  being  a  double  arch  forty  feet  wide.  The  rest  of  the 
front  is  chiefly  of  plate  glass  windows,  no  iron  structure  being  visible  on  the  outside. 
The  central  part  of  the  building  125x125,  contains  a  grand  vestibule,  finished  in  marble. 
The  main  offices  are  situated  on  the  first  floor,  these  with  the  entire  interior  are  elabor- 
ately and  beautifully  finished.  Two  grand  stairways  lead  to  the  upper  floors  and  in 
audition  there  are  two  passenger  and  four  freight  elevators.  The  interior  finish  is  of 
mill  construction,  long  leaf  Georgia  pine  timbers,  which  are  used  in  the  floor,  being 
four  inches  thick,  and  a  finish  of  maple.  The  building  is  warmed  by  steam,  while  300  arc 
electric  and  600  incandescent  together  with  innumerable  gas  jets  flood  it  with  light. 
The  burning  of  the  John  M.  Smyth  building  filled  the  whole  neighborhood  with  dis- 
aster. It  was  one  of  the  most  wicked  fires  ever  witnessed  on  the  West  Side.  The  fire 
crossed  the  street  to  the  buildings  opposite,  several  of  which  were  reduced  to  ruins  and 
for  a  time  the  new  and  magnificent  Haymarket  building  seemed  doomed  to  destruc- 
tion. "iVhile  the  fire  was  at  its  height  and  half  a  million  dollars  worth  of  property  was 
going  up  in  smoke,  Mr.  John  M.  Smyth  was  approached  by  a  reporter  of  a  morning 
paper  and  asked  what  he  thought  of  it,  He  said  in  reply,  "  As  soon  as  we  can  remove 
the  debris,  we  will  put  up  a  much  handsomer  building.  "The  debris  was  scarcely  cleared 
away  before  the  work  of  erecting  the  new  structure  had  begun.  John  M. 
Smyth  was  the  originator  of  what  has  come  to  be  known  as  the  installment  idea.  From 
a  small  beginning  his  establishment  has  grown  until  it  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the 
United  States  if  not  in  the  world.  Years  ago  Mr.  Smyth  was  a  newspaper  man,  but 
left  that  business  before  the  great  fire .  He  is  a  well-read,  scholarly,  refined  gentleman, 
a  splendid  conversationlist  and  one  of  the  most  popular  men  on  the  West  Side.  For 
years  he  has  been  prominent  in  politics,  a  pursuit  which  he  has  followed  more  for 
recreation  than  for  profit.  He  is  usually  to  be  found  in  his  oflBce  from  early  in  the 
morning  until  late  at  night,  but  is  never  so  rushed  with  business  that  he  fails  to  meet 
his  customers  with  an  affable  smile  or  allows  them  to  depart  without  a  courteous 
hand-shake.  You  will  be  interested  by  a  visit  to  this  building.  Every  floor  is  an 
exhibition  in  itself.  It  would  be  impossible  to  compute  the  number  of  customers  of  this 
establishment,  but  it  is  estimated  that  John  M.  Smyth  has  given  a  start  to  over  fifty 
thousand  young  married  people  during  the  past  ten  years.  Across  the  street  is  the 


614  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Haymarket  Building,  in  which  is  located  the  Haymarket  Theatre.  LSee  Amuse- 
ments.] The  intersection  of  Madison  and  Halsted  streets  reminds  us  forcibly  of  the 
intersection  of  Madison  and  Clark  streets,  which  we  saw  the  other  day.  Clothing  stores 
occupy  three  corners  and  a  drug  store  the  fourth.  Here  is  Woolf's,  with  its  attractive 
show  windows;  Bach's,  and  the  London  &  Liverpool,  all  of  which  do  a  great  business. 
From  this  point  to  the  dry  goods  establishment  of 

P.  F.  Ryan  &  Co.,  Madison  and  Peoria  sts.,  there  isn't  much  to  attract  our  atten- 
tion. Here,  however,  far  removed  from  the  recognized  business  center,  is  a  large  con- 
cern which  compares  very  favorably  with  the  State  st.  and  Wabash  ave.  houses.  It  is  a 
beautiful  dry  goods  store  and,  judging  from  the  crowds  inside,  we  must  presume  that 
it  is  prosperous.  On  the  opposite  corner  is  another  large  concern  of  the  same  charac- 
ter, the  store  of  J.  W.  Tuohy  &  Co.  At  Morgan  and  Madison  is  the  piano  house  of 
Adam  Schaaf.  Then  we  pass  the  large  furniture  concerns  of  Ulich  Bourke,  Moore 
Bros,  and  others,  and  flnd  ourselves  walking  by  long  rows  of  attractive  retail  stores. 
We  reach  Throop  street  and  the  Waverly  Theater,  Loomis  street  and  the  West  Side 
Natatorium,  and  finally  find  ourselves  at  Ogden  avenue,  where  we  see  more  preten- 
tious structures,  among  them  the  Washingtonian  Home  and  the 

Stone  Building  situated  on  the  triangular  strip  bounded  by  Madison,  Ogden  and 
Ashland  aves.  This  is  a  new  structure  erected  by  A.  J.  Stone,  one  of  the  hand- 
somest in  Chicago  and  the  first  office  building  to  be  erected  on  the  West  Side.  The 
first  two  stories  are  of  brown  granite,  with  French  plate  glass  front.  There  is  a  main 
entrance  from  Madison  street  consisting  of  granite  pillars  supporting  an  arch.  The 
floors  of  the  vestibule  and  hall  are  of  marble.  The  building  has  a  frontage  of  66  feet 
on  Madison  street,  97  feet  on  Ogden  avenue  and  71  feet  on  Ashland  avenue.  The 
height  of  building-  from  sidewalk  to  main  roof  is  100  feet.  There  are  two  sets  of  bay 
windows  on  the  Ogden  avenue  side  and  one  on  each  of  the  other  sides.  A  circular 
tower  crowns  each  corner.  The  architectural  design  is  a  modification  of  the  French 
renaissance  known  as  the  flamboyant.  We  will  take  the  cable  here,  and  after  a  trip 
of  two  miles,  passing  block  after  block  of  handsome  buildings,  the  West  Madisoq 
street  power-house  and  other  points  of  interest,  we  arrive  at  Garfield  Park.  Just 
beyond  here  we  may,  if  we  wish,  take  the  Cicero  electric  line,  which  will  carry  us  ten 
miles  into  the  country  through  some  of  the  prettiest  of  our  prairie  suburbs.  But  I 
will  refer  you  to  "  Park  System  "  in  this  volume,  and  leave  you  near  the  mineral  well, 
where  I  shall  expect  to  meet  you  to-morrow. 
TWENTY-THIRD  DAY. 

By  reference  to  that  portion  of  this  volume  which  relates  to  the  park  system  of 
Chicago,  you  will  flnd  that  extensive  improvements  are  to  be  made  over  here.  These 
will  not  be  confined  to  Garfield  park,  however,  but  will  cover  the  boulevards  running 
to  the  north  and  south  and  Douglas  and  Humboldt  parks  as  well.  To-day  you  will 
engage  a  team  of  Shetlands  here  and  drive  over  to  Douglas  park,  one  of  the  prettiest 
of  the  system.  Or,  if  you  prefer  it,  you  can  take  in  Humboldt  park,  another  beautiful 
West  Side  breathing  place.  It  is  not  necessary  that  I  should  accompany  you  in  either 
direction,  for  I  have  already  given  you  all  the  information  concerning  the  parks  of 
the  West  Side  at  my  command.  Give  the  day  to  the  West  Side  parks,  then,  and 
tomorrow  we  will  drive  around  the  boulevard  circuit. 
TWENTY-FOURTH  DAY. 

It  is  a  very  popular  and  certainly  a  highly  enjoyable  drive  from  Garfield  park  to 
Douglas,  thence  east  by  way  of  West  Twelfth  st.  boulevard  to  Ashland,  north  on 
Ashland  to  Union  park  and  west  on  Washington  boulevard  to  the  point  of  departure. 
We  will  take  it  to-day.  Leaving  Garfield  park,  we  pass  the  site  of  the  old  West  Side 


THE   GUIDE.  615 

driving  park,  now  being  sub-divided  into  building  lots.  This  district  from  Albany  av. 
to  West  Fortieth,  far  into  the  town  of  Cicero,  will  be  thickly  populated  inside  of  ten 
years.  I  base  this  prediction  upon  what  has  occurred  out  here  during  the  past  ten 
years.  Western  ave.  was  practically  the  boundary  line  then.  It  is  a  mile  further  west 
now.  The  territory  we  are  traveling  through  is  pierced  by  several  suburban  lines 
of  railway,  notably  by  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  system,  and,  besides,  it  is, 
to  a  great  extent,  accessible  by  the  West  Side  cable  system,  which  brings  it  within 
forty-five  minutes  of  the  City  Hall.  With  ihe  new  river  tunnel  completed  and  a  cable 
line  running  west  on  Van  Buren  st.  and  another  running  southwest  on  Ogden  ave., 
people  who  settle  out  on  this  prairie  to  our  right  will  be  nearer  the  business  district, 
so  far  as  time  is  concerned,  than  those  who  lived  between  Hoyne  and  Western  aves.  a 
few  years  ago.  No,  property  is  not  cheap  out  here,  but  it  is  cheap  now  in  comparison 
with  what  it  will  be  five  years  hence.  The  southwestern  branch  of  the  Lake  street 
"  L"  road  will  also  pentrate  this  district,  and  if  the  Randolph  street  line  is  ever  built 
it  must  come  out  this  way,  for  it  has  got  to  run  south  of  Garfield  park.  But  there  are 
other  reasons  why  the  western  prairies  are  going  to  fill  up.  The  Grant  Locomotive 
Works  are  being  constructed  out  on  Robinson  avenue,  to  our  right.  [See  Grant 
Locomotive  Works.]  These  works  will  employ  an  army  of  men.  Besides,  other  great 
industries  have  secured  sites  out  this  way,  and  we  may  look  for  a  complete  trans- 
formation to  take  place  west  of  the  parks  before  the  Columbian  Exposition  opens. 
If  you  take  the  electric  line  on  Madison  street,  near  Fortieth,  you  will  be  carried 
through  Austin,  Oak  Park  and  other  pretty  suburbs.  Or  you  may  take  the  "  dummy'' 
train  here  and  visit  Waldbeim,  Forest  Home  and  the  Jewish  cemeteries.  We  are  mov- 
ing at  present  through  a 

Flat  Country.— We  can  see  Douglas  park  to  our  left,  and  beyond  we  can  see  the 
smoke  from  the  McCormick  works  and  catch  an  occasional  glimpse  of  the  Bridewell. 
That  strip  of  green  to  the  southeast  is  the  fringe  along  the  south  branch  of  the 
Chicago  river.  That  strip  of  green  to  the  Avcst  is  the  fringe  along  the  Desplaines 
river.  It  is  ten  miles  away.  Passing  through 

Douglas  Park.— We  have  our  choice  of  exits.  We  can  go  north  on  California 
ave.,  or  northeast  on  Ogden  ave.,  or  east  on  Twelfth  st.  blvd.  We  select  the  latter. 
This  carries  us  to  the  southern  extremity  of 

Ashland  Blvd.,  the  finest  residence  street  of  the  West  Side.  Not,  however,  until 
we  reach  Harrison  st.  to  the  north  do  we  pass  the  handsome  residences.  We  can  see  the 
County  Hospital  to  our  left,  and  the  various  meJical  colleges  which  surround  it.  We 
also  see  the  beautiful  Presbyterian  hospital.  All  of  these  places  are  described  else- 
where. At  512  on  Ashland  ave.  we  see  the  home  of  Joseph  Hirsh;  at  510,  the  home  of 
Frank  Slavik;  at  478  resides  William  Laflin;  at  442,  James  Baggot;  at  438,  Rev.  J.  W. 
Jackman;  at  436,  Max  Eberhardt;  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  we  are  passing  the 
residences  of  F.  D.  Ketcham,  W.  P.  Ketcham,  O.  W.  Holmes,  James  Maxwell,  E.  P. 
WTilce  and  Thomas  N.  Bond.  At  398  resides  Heaton  Owsly;  at  356,  George  B.  Kane;  at 
339,  John  McLaren;  at  329,  Charles  T.  Nash;  at  325,  George  Sherwood.  Moving  north- 
ward, and  passing  many  elegant  residences,  we  come  to  the  residence  of 

Carter  H.  Harrison,  four  times  mayor  of  Chicago,  up  to  the  present  writing.  This 
is  a  spacious  but  old-fashioned  dwelling.  The  number  is  231.  In  this  vicinity  are  the 
homes  of  Chas.  Goodman,  Frank  Reiily,  William  Ridgeway,  Charles  F.  Elmes,  Leonard 
C.  Riggs,  S.  A.  Scribner,  J.  Harley  Bradley  and  other  well-known  people.  At  1%  resides 
William  A.  Pinkerton.  Not  far  from  here,  in  that  elegant  residence  to  the  right, 
resides  M.  C.  McDonald.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  is  the  mansion  of  Charles  H. 
Case.  Further  uj>,  at  132,  is  the  home  of  James  B.  Tascott,  the  father  of  Willie  Tascott. 


616  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

[See  Snell  Murder.]  The  Rev.  J.  L.  Withrow  resides  at  149;  to  our  left,  and  from  this 
point  to  Madison  st.,  there  are  a  number  of  stately  residences  ami  fashionable  boarding 
houses.  Crossing  Madison  st.  we  pass  the  Congregational  Theological  Seminary  and 
the  popular  and  fashionable  Union  Park  Congregational  Church.  On  our  right  is  pretty 
little  Union  Park  itself,  and  through  the  trees  we  can  see  "  Ghott  Row  "  on  Ogden  ave. 
and  Washington  blvd.  extending  toward  the  east.  We  turn  our  backs  upon  Union 
Park  and  drive  west  From  this  p  int  to  Garfleld  Park 

Washington  Blvd.  is  a  beautiful  residence  street.  I  wil1  only  point  out  a  few  of  the 
residences,  however,  although  I  would  like  to  name  all  the  occupants  if  I  had  the  time. 
Dr.  C.  W.  Earle  occupies  the  pretty  residence  at  No.  635;  J.  F.  Talcott  lives  in  570;  S.  11. 
McCrea,  in  607;  James  McElroy.in  638;  M.  B.  Loomis,  in  629;  andF.  B.  Loomis,  next  door. 

George  R.  Davis,  director-general  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  in  692;  Milton  Weston, 
in  728;  J.  L.  Thurber,  in  732;  J.  T.  Rawleigh,  in  727;  P.  F.  Ryan,  in  730;  James  Granie,  in 
815;  G.  W.  Plummer,  in  810;  JohnJ.  Naghten,  in  1145;  W.E.Janes,  in  1144;  J.  K.Bigelow, 
in  1172;  F.  R.  Grant,  in  1179;  F.  J.  Tennis,  in  1229;  G.  M.  Richardson,  in  1388;  J.  H.  Mel- 
linger,  in  1411;  C.  W.  Clingman,  in  1473;  John  Eiszner,  in  1487;  Joseph  E.  Shipley,  in  1499; 
and  now  we  have  reached  the  park.  On  our  way  down  town,  after  passing  Union 
Park,  we  come  to  470,  the  residence  of  C.  K.  G.  Billings;  to  450,  where  A.  L.  Suesman 
resides;  and  to  the  left,  at  425,  we  find  the  home  of  Mrs.  A.  J.  Snell.  There  are  so 
many  handsome  places  on  Washington  blvd.  that  we  can  not  stop  to  admire  them  if  we 
want  to  get  down  town  in  time  to  visit  McVicker's  this  evening. 
TWENTY-FIFTH  DAY. 

I  propose  that  you  take  in  West  Monroe,  West  Adams,  West  Jackson,  West  Con- 
gress, and  many  of  the  north  and  south  "  cross  town  "  streets  of  the  West  Division 
to-day,  in  order  that  you  may  seo  for  yourself  how  the  great  majority  of  our  well-to- 
do  people  are  situated.  These  streets  are  not  fashionable  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
term,  but  they  are  respectable,  and  a  great  many  fashionable  people  make  their  homes 
along  them.  We  should  not  neglect  beautiful  Warren  avenue,  or  Park  avenue,  or 
Walnut  street  either.  You  will  flnd  some  pretty  little  parks  over  on  the  West  Side 
other  than  those  I  have  pointed  out.  Jefferson  Park,  for  instance,  is  a  little  gem,  and  it 
is  surrounded  by  handsome  residences.  Just  east  of  it,  on  Adams  street,  is  the  Peter 
Schuttler  mamion,  which  will  attract  your  attention.  Vernon  Park,  to  the  southwest, 
is  another  pretty  spot,  and  here  you  will  find  some  elegant  homes.  To  tell  you  even 
the  names  of  all  the  people  who  reside  in  these  comfortable  and  handsome  residences 
would  require  more  time  and  patience  than  we  have  at  our  disposal.  After  you  get 
through  with  sight-seeing  in  the  residence  district  you  must  take  a  drive  south  on 
Ashland  avenue  and  visit  the 

Lumber  District.  Here  you  will  also  see  the  West  Side  pumping  works.  The  lum- 
ber district  as  well  as  the  pumping  works  are  described  fully  elsewhere.  We  passed  the 
County  Hospital  and  the  Medical  Colleges  rather  hastily  yesterday.  Go  over  there. 
You  will  be  admitted  into  the  great  buildings.  The  wards  of  the  County  Hospital  may 
be  visited.  The  Presbyterian  Hospital  is  close  by.  A  little  to  the  north  is  the  Woman's 
Hospital,  which  is  worthy  of  your  attention.  All  these  places,  as  well  as  the  Morgue 
(in  the  rear  of  the  County  Hospital),  are  fully  described  in  this  book.  You  can  not  see 
half  enough  ef  the  Hospital  district  in  a  day,  but  you  must  be  ready  to  take  in  the 
northwestern  part  ot  the  city  to-morrow. 

TWENTY-SIXTH  DAY. 

If  we  cross  over  the  Randolph  street  bridge,  we  will  soon  find  ourselves  in  the  new 
iron,  steel  and  machinery  center.  There  are  some  beautiful  salesrooms  on  Randolph 
and  Canal  and  Clinton  streets  now,  and  the  machinery  trade  appears  to  have  come  over 


THE    GUIDE.  617 

here  to  stay.  If  you  arc  interested  in  mechanics  this  is  the  place  for  you.  Everything 
fro. a  laundry  to  mining  machinery  is  displayed  here.  There  are  some  biff  foundries 
and  iron  works  close  by.  Moving  north  to  Lake  street,  we  are  in  the  midst  of  manu- 
factories. There  is  the  David  Bradley  concern,  the  Fraser  &  Chalmers  works,  the  shot 
tower,  and  dozens  of  other  important  manufactories  within  a  stone's  throw  of  us. 
Near  by  the  great  Cold  Storage  Exchange  is  being  erected.  All  these  places  are 
referred  to  under  the  heading  "  Great  Industries  of  Chicago."  Turn  back  tho  patres 
and  you  wil  find  what  you  want  to  know  concerning  them.  From  this  point  Milwau- 
kee avenue  takes  a  shoot  in  a  northwestern  direction.  We  pass  over  a  great  via- 
duct, crossing  the  tracks  of  the  North- Western,  the  Panhandle  and  the  St.  Paul 
roads,  and  enter  upon  a  thoroughfare  which  is  hardly  estimated  at  its  proper  worth, 
because  it  is  so  little  known  to  the  great  majority  of  our  people.  Breweries  tower  to 
the  right  of  us.  Iron  manufactories  blacken  the  atmosphere  to  the  left  of  us,  but  we 
are  soon  walking  along  a  busy  street,  lined  with  shops,  crowded  with  vehicles  and  alive 
with  pedestrians.  This  is 

Milivaukee  Avenue,  and  it  is  Milwaukee  avenue  for  miles  out.  You  meet  a  foreign 
peofle  over  here— principally  descendants  of  the  Vikings.  You  see  foreign  names 
over  foreign-looking  stores.  Foreign  expressions  are  heard  to  drop  from  foreign- 
looking  people,  but  you  notice  that  there  is  a  decided  air  of  prosperity  pervading  all 
of  your  surroundings,  and  you  look  with  admiration  upon  the  thrift  and  industry 
which  make  themselves  felt  on  every  side.  The  majority  of  the  people  you  come  in 
contact  with  at  first  are  Scandinavians.  Later,  as  you  move  to  the  northwest,  you 
hear  the  unmistakable  German  accent  aid  see  the  unmistakable  German  signs.  There 
are  some  handsome  buildings  along  here.  Mr.  Paul  O.  Stensland's  bank  gives  a  metro- 
politan complexion  to  the  neighborhood.  There  are  book  stores,  dry  goods  stores, 
notion  stores,  restaurants  and  hotels  here.  There  are  also  saloons,  but  not  as  many  to 
the  block  as  on  some  other  thoroughfares.  Milwaukee  avenue  will  take  you  out  to 
Humboldt  park,  or  to  Wicker  park  or  to  the  old  Snell  toll  road,  or  to  the  northwestern 
suburbs,  if  you  follow  it  long  enough.  You  can  spend  a  day  over  in  this  section  of 
the  city,  however,  very  pleasantly,  and  one  of  the  things  which  will  attract  your 
attention  is  the  great  amount  of  building  going  on.  On  all  sides  fine  store-houses  and 
residences  are  rising  up  as  if  by  magic.  You  can  rest  in  Humboldt  Park  when  you  are 
tired  of  walking  or  riding,  and  while  at  the  park  don't  fail  to  visit  the  Conservatory. 
[See  Park  Conservatories.]  The  cable  line  will  carry  you  out  into  the  country.  If  you 
would  like  to  make  the  circuit  you  can  take  connecting  lines  which  will  bring  you 
back  to  the  center  of  the  city  via  the  North  Side  cable.  To-morrow  we  will  move  upon 
the  North  Side. 
TWENTY-SEVENTH  DAY. 

North  Clark  is  the  principal  artery  of  the  North  Division.  From  this  beautiful  and 
bustling  thoroughfare  nearly  all  the  principal  streets  diverge.  It  is  also  the  dividing 
line  between  the  residence  and  the  business  or  manufacturing  districts  of  this  section. 
Bel  ween  N.  Clark  and  Lake  Michigan  are  to  be  found  the  handsome  residences,  the 
fine  churches  and  the  magnificent  apartment  houses.  True,  LaSalle  ave.  is  not  to  be 
ignored,  but  south  of  Chicago  ave.  it  can  not  be  any  longer  considered  as  a  fashionable 
street.  The  fine  residences  have  been  in  most  instances  turned  into  boarding  houses, 
many  of  them  are  not  over  respectable.  North  and  northwest  of  North  ave.  then-  :n  o 
some  elegant  dwellings,  but  this  district  is  noted  for  other  attractions.  We  wiil  take 
the  cable  from  Michigan  st.  to  Lincoln  Park.  On  our  way  we  pass  some  very  handsome 
business  blocks.  North  Clark  st.  has  a  moi'c  dignified  appearance  than  W.  Madison  sf. 
The  building's,  as  a  rule,  are  higher  and  more  substantial.  There  are  some  very  fine 
family  hotels  along  here,  and  some  large  stores.  At  Illinois  st.  we  come  to  the 


618  GUIDE  to  CHICAGO. 

Palace  Hotel.— The  scheme  for  extending  this  hotel  is  to  result  in  establishing 
one  of  the  greatest  hostelries  in  the  world  on  the  North  Side.  [See  Illustration.] 
It  is  to  contain  800  rooms  and  to  cover  two  entire  sides  of  a  block.  The  plans, 
which  have  been  prepared,  provide  for  a  seven-story  building1,  to  extend  from  the 
corner  of  Clark  and  Indiana  streets  south  to  Illinois  street  and  west  on  Illinois  street. 
The  Palace  Hotel,  100  feet  on  Clark  street  and  80  feet  on  Indiana  street,  occupies  the 
corner.  It  is  seven  stories  and  basement  high.  Next  to  this  is  an  alley.  South  of  this 
Is  a  four-story  building,  and  on  the  corner  is  a  building  five  stories  high.  The  entire 
Clark  street  frontage  is  to  be  brought  up  to  the  height  of  the  Palace  Hotel,  the  addi- 
tonal  stories  will  be  of  the  lightest  possible  composition.  The  walls  will  probably 
be  built  of  hollow  brick  and  terra  cotta.  It  has  been  decided  to  build  bay-windows 
over  the  alley.  On  the  Illinois  street  side  the  plans  are  not  so  well  developed.  The 
hotel  company  has  leased  eighty  feet  in  addition  to  the  eighty-foot  corner.  This  will 
be  built  up  eighty-three  feet  high,  to  correspond  with  the  Clark  street  frontage.  The 
reconstructed  building  is  to  be  known  as  the  Grand  Palace  Hotel,  and  will  cost  $300,000, 
and  will  be  under  the  management  of  C .  P.  Newberry,  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  pres- 
ent Palace  Hotel.  Passing  Chicago  avenue  we  can  see  the  North  Side  water  tower  to 
our  right,  and  Moody 's  church  to  our  left.  Passing  Washington  square  we  see  that  the 
building  of  the  magnificent  Newberry  Library  is^progressing.  [See  Newberry  Librar y.] 
In  the  vicinity  of  this  square  are  some  handsome  apartment  houses  and  some  of  the 
most  fashionable  churches  in  the  city.  Beautiful  Dearborn  ave.  skirts  the  park  to  the 
right,  and  through  the  trees  we  can  see  the  elegant  building  of  the  Union  Club.  Where 
the  Newberry  building  is  being  erected  stood  the  old  Ogden  residence,  for  many  years 
an  object  of  interest  to  strangers  because  it  was  the  only  building  in  the  North 
Division  that  withstood  the  onslaught  of  the  conflagration  on  October  9, 1871.  [See 
Ogden  residence.]  Leaving  Washington  park,  the  next  object  pf  interest  we  come 
across  is  the  Clark  street  power-house  of  the  North  Chicago  cable  lines.  [See  City 
Railways.]  We  may  go  inside  and  watch  the  movement  of  the  magnificent  machinery 
for  awhile,  after  which  we  will  proceed  directly  to  Lincoln  park.  Here  I  will  leave 
you  to  spend  the  day,  referring  you  to  the  heading  "  Park  System  "  for  all  such 
information  as  you  may  require  regarding  the  attractions  of  this  beautiful  resort.  If 
you  will  remain  until  evening  you  will  see  the  Yerke's  electric  fountain,  a  sight  worth 
witnessing.  [See  Yerke's  Electric  Fountain.]  I  would  also  suggest  that  you  visit  the 
Sanitarium  on  the  lake  shore.  [See  Daily  News  Fresh  Air  Fund.]  To-morrow  I  will 
meet  you  in  front  of  the  Lincoln  monument. 
TWENTY-EIGHTH  DAY. 

Dearborn  avenue,  from  this  point  south,  is  a  beautiful  and  fashionable  residence 
street.  To  our  left,  before  we  enter  the  avenue,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  North  State 
and  North  avenue,  is  the  elegant  Archipiscopal  palace  of  the  Mt.  Rev.  P.  A.  Feehan, 
Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of  the  diocese  of  Chicago.  Farther  toward  the  east, 
and  to  our  left  is  the  head  of  the  beautiful  Lake  Shore  Drive.  (See  Lake  Shore  Drive.) 
Moving  down  Dearborn  avenue  we  pass  on  either  side  numerous  handsome  residences. 
At  No.  628  resides  H.  H.  Shufeldt,  the  well  known  distiller.  Adjoining  his  are  the  resi- 
dences of  W.  C.  and  S.  E.  Egan.  Farther  down,  at  602,  resides  S.  M.  Fargo.  At  592  re- 
sides Louis  Stern,  at  537  Wm.  Sprague,  at  539  D.  H.  Tolman,  at  517  H.  D.  Colvin,  at  f32 
O.  W.  Potter,  at  471  R.  Meadowcroft,  at  408  B.  F.  Culver,  at  400  J.  M.  Adsit,  at  370  Wm. 
M.  Hoyt,  at  362  the  family  of  B.  H.  Campbell,  at  350  John  S.  Runnels,  counsel  for  Geo. 
M.  Pullman,  at 323  Geo.  S.  Dunlap,  at  321  Dr.  R.  N.  Isham,  at  330  J.  J.  McGrath,  and  in 
this  vicinity  a  large  number  of  persons  equally  well  known  in  business  and  society 
circles.  Running  paraltll  with  Dearborn  avenue  are  North  State  street,  Rush  street 
and  a  number  of  other  avenues  upon  which  reside  many  of  the  leading  people  of 


THE   GUIDE.  619 

the  city,  and  where  we  will  find  some  very  elegant  homes.  At  118,  on  Stale  street  is  the 
Ontario,  a  fashionable  apartment  house,  and  among  the  residents  on  the  street  are  J. 
J.  P.  Odell  (483),  James  A.  Kirk  (533),  S  S.  Chisholm  (537),  Gen.  A.  S.  Chetlain  (543), 
Lyraan  J.  Gage  (470),  Geo.  Rowland,  (48?)  and  Clarence  H.  Dyer  (516).  Among  the 
well-known  residents  on 

Rush  Street  are  Mrs.  Cyrus  H.  McCormick  (135),  with  whom  reside  Mr.  and  Mrs, 
Emmons  Blaine,  Henry  W.  King  (151),  Cyrus  H.  Adams  (155),  W.  K.  Nixon (156).  Close 
by  are  the  Marquette  and  Victoria  apartment  houses  which  are  occupied  by  fashion- 
able people.  While  in  this  vicinity  a  number  of  the  streets  running  east  and  west 
should  be  visited.  They  are  all  fashionable  avenues  and  are  lined  with  beautiful  resi- 
dences. The 

Lake  Shore  Drive  is  refered  to  at  very  considerable  length  in  this  volume.  It  is  not 
yet,  perhaps,  but  it  is  destined  to  te  the  most  magnificent  boulevard  in  Chicago.  There 
are  not  many  residents  on  the  drive  as  yet,  but  those  who  have  located  here  are  among 
the  first  people  of  the  city,  and  their  homes  are  perhaps  the  most  elegant  we  have  to 
exhibit  to  the  visitor.  As  you  drive  toward  Lincoln  Park  you  pass  at  No.  57  the  home 
of  Edward  F.  Lawrence.  Close  by,  on  Pearson  street,  are  the  winter  residences  of  John 
V.  and  C.  B.  Farwell.  At  No.  60  resides  A.  C.  McClurg;  at  66  Mason  Starring  and  Prof. 
David  Swing;  at  100  is  the  magnificent  residence  of  Potter  Palmer;  at  103  resides 
Franklin  MacVeagh;  at  109  S.  E.  Barrett;  at  111  H.  A.  Towner;  at  112  V.  C.  Turner;  at 
120  George  Armour.  Before  leaving  the  residence  district  of  the  North  Side,  the 
northern  part  of  La  Salle  ave.  should  be  visited.  At  300  resides  J.  McGregor  Adams; 
at 317  Victor  F.  Lawson,  editor  of  the  Daily  News;  at  353  Dr.  F.  Henrotin;  at  367 
N.  H.  Blatchford;  at  388  Geo.  O.  Fairbanks;  at  436  H.  A.  Kirchoff;  at  448  Malcolm 
McNeil;  at  520  Wm.  Vocke;  and  all  along  the  avenue  people  of  prominence  in  society 
and  business  circles.  A  day  spent  in  driving  or  walking  along  these  beautiful  streets 
will  be  a  day  well  spent. 
TWENTY-NINTH  DAY. 

To-day  we  can  not  do  better  than  to  wander  through  Lake  View,  formerly  a  city 
in  itself,  now  a  portion  of  Chicago.  A  trip  through  this  section  may  take  us  along  the 
north  shore  of  the  lake,  into  Graceland  Cemetery,  or  through  Argyle  Park  and  Edge- 
water,  all  of  which  are  described  elsewhere,  or  we  may  not  halt  until  we  have  passed 
through  the  .village  of  Uavenswood  and  on  to  Rose  Hill.  Whichever  direction  we  may 
take,  if  we  keep  to  the  lake  shore,  we  will  find  ourselves  surrounded  by  residences  and 
lawns  unexcelled  for  beauty  in  any  part  of  the  city.  Or  we  may  strike  out  toward  the 
west  and  find  ourselves  on  the  thoroughfares  which  sweep  through  the  populous  district 
lying  contiguous  to  the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  ri%-er.  Over  here  we  will  find 
the  Deering  Works  and  the  North  Side  Rolling  Mills,  already  described.  In  the  dis- 
trict lying  between  the  river  and  Lincoln  Park  we  will  find  several  business  centers 
which  will  be  a  surprise  to  us.  These  are  penetrated  and  fed  by  Sedgwick  st.,  Larrabee 
St.,  N.  Halsted  St..  Garfield  ave.,  and  Lincoln  ave.  On  the  latter  thoroughfare  we  find 
a  cable  railway  which  carries  us  out  beyond  the  present  building  limits.  In  this  quar- 
ter of  the  city  are  many  handsome  public  institutions.  I  have  already  called  your 
attention  to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  and  to  the  McCormick  Seminary.  Besides  these  you 
will  pass  the  Uhlich  Orphan  Asylum  and  many  very  handsome  churches  of  the  various 
denominations.  The  business  blocks  on  N.  Market,  N.  Halsted,  Sedgwick  St.,  Larra- 
bee st.,  Garfield  ave.,  Lincoln  ave.  and  even  on  far  away  Fullerton  ave.  will  compare 
very  favorably  with  pretentious  structures  in  the  heart  of  the  business  district. 
There  is  a  great  local  traffic  going  on  out  this  way.  Miles  from  the  commercial  center 


620  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

you  find  yourself  practically  in  another  city,  independent  almost  of  the  down  town 
section,  with  its  own  theaters,  public  halls,  retail  stores,  promenades  and  distinctive 
interests. 

THIRTIETH  DAY. 

You  will  necessarily,  and  as  a  matter  of  course  desire  to  visit  the  suburbs.  Not 
many  of  these  can  be  visited  in  a  day  or  even  in  a  week.  But  we  can  take  a  North- 
western train  this  morning1  and,  at  least,  pay  a  flying  visit  to  the  beautiful  villages 
which  are  to  be  found  along  the  Milwaukee  division.  We  select  this  division  because 
I  want  you  to  see,  particularly,  the  buildings  of  the  Northwestern  University.  These 
are  described  in  full  under  the  head  of  Educational  Institutions.  If  you  have  any 
leisure  time  on  your  hands  before  the  close  of  the  day,  you  will  visit  Fort  Sheridan, 
only  a  short  distance  to  the  north.  This  post  is  described  under  the  head  of  Military. 
Trains  are  passing  at  frequent  intervals,  and  if  there  is  still  an  hour  left,  you  can  visit 
Calvary  and  Rosehill  cemeteries  on  your  return  trip  to  the  city. 

THIRTY-FIRST  DAY. 

We  have  not  been  able  up  to  this  time,  to  give  our  attention  to  the  great  manu- 
facturing towns  which  lie  to  the  south  of  the  city.  The  Calumet  District  should  not 
be  overlo  ked  by  the  visitor.  It  is  already  fully  covered  in  the  body  of  this  volume, 
under  the  headings,  "  Outlying  Chicago  "  and  "  Great  Industries  of  Chicago."  All  the 
world  has  heard  of  Pullman,  and  all  the  people  of  the  world  who  will  visit  Chicago 
during  the  next  three  years  will  want  to  see  that  wonderful  industrial  center.  South 
Chicago.  Hegewish,  Harvey,  Hammond  andTolleston  are  destined  to  become  equally 
famous  in  the  near  future.  All  the  information  obtainable  with  reference  to  these 
great  manufacturing  centers,  you  will  find  by  reference  to  the  index.  I  leave  you 
here  to  pursue  your  journey  alone.  During  the  days  I  have  been  with  you  we  have 
seen  a  great  part,  but  by  no  means  all  of  Chicago.  I  have  not,  as  a  rule,  gone  over  the 
ground  already  covered  by  other  departments  of  this  volume,  leaving  you  to  deter- 
mine for  yourself  which  places  you  should  visit  and  which  you  should  pass  by. 

Before  saying  good-bye  to  you,  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  a  number  of  houses 
of  prominence  and  resp'ctability,  and  a  number  of  attractions  which  you  should 
visit  and  see  before  leaving  Chicago.  In  the  very  necessity  of  the  case  it  was 
impossible  for  me  to  stop  long  enough  at  each  of  these  places  as  we  went  along,  but 
now  your  time  is  your  own  and  I  advise  you  to  give  them  your  earnest  consideration. 
You  are  certain  to  be  interested  in  what  follows. 

Dodge  Manufacturing  Company,  The.— The  Dodge  Manufacturing  Company,  prop- 
erly a  Chicago  concern,  with  factory  situated  at  Mishawaka,  Indiana.  Their  ground 
plant  covers  a  space  of  eighty  acres  and  a  floorage  capacity  of  twenty  acres.  Thiscon- 
cern  is  the  largest  manufacturer  of  pullsysin  the  world,  their  daily  output  being  about 
750  pulleys.  This  factory  was  entirely  destroyed  by  fire  and  rebuilt  in  a  modest  way 
the  same  year.  Success  crowned  their  efforts,  and  now  the  plant  is  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative establishments  of  the  country.  Over  seven  million  bricks  have  been  used  in 
the  construction  of  this  plant,  and  of  these  over  five  million  have  been  laid  during  the 
past  four  years.  About  600  men  are  employed  in  the  large  works  of  this  company. 
Their  woiv  s  are  equipped  throughout  with  new  and  special  machinery  for  the  manu- 
facture of  pulleys.  Their  product  is  popularly  known  as  the  Dodge  Patent  Inde- 
pendence Wood  Split  Pulley,  and  the  increasing  demand  for  this  pulley  is  considered 
ample  evidence  as  to  their  merit  over  any  other  pulley  in  the  market.  By  their  patent 
bushing  every  pulley  is  capable  of  being  adjusted  to  from  twenty-five  to  forty  different 
sizes  of  shaft,  making  their  daily  output  equal  to  30,000  iron  pulleys.  This  company  is 
also  originator  of  the  Dodge  patent  system  of  power  transmission  by  manila  rope. 


THE    GUIDE.  621 

This  system  has  been  copied  by  numerous  manufacturers  throughout  the  country,  but 
the  honor  of  origination  belongs  only  to  the  Dodge  people.  They  have  built  and 
erected  rope  drives  ranging  in  capacity  from  2,000  horse-power  down,  and  covering 
distances  as  far  as  4,000  feet.  A  fully-equipped  foundry  with  a  melting  capacity  of 
eighty  tons  per  day,  also  an  extensive  machine  shop,  represents  part  of  this  company's 
plant.  A  new  line  of  power-transmitting  appliances,  including  hangers,  pillow  blocks, 
couplings,  friction  clutches,  etc.,  has  been  added  to  their  list  of  products.  They  also 
enjoy  the  reputation  of  having  the  finest  engine  room  in  this  country.  The  Chicago 
office  of  this  concern  is  located  at  63  and  65  South  Canal  street,  where  a  large  stock  of 
their  several  specialties  is  carried  for  immediate  delivery. 

Gormully  A  Jeffery  Mfg.  Co.— Makers  of  the  "  Rambler"  bicycles.  R.  Philip  Gor- 
mully,  president  and  treasurer;  Thos.  B.  Jeffery,  secretary  and  superintendent. 
Works  located  on  North  Franklin  and  Pearson  streets;  retail  salesroom  at  85  Madison 
street;  has  branch  houses  in  New  York,  Boston  and  Washington.  Established  in  1879. 
This  concern  from  a  small  beginning  now  ranks  as  one  of  the  leaders  in  its  particular 
line,  the  value  of  their  immense  plant  mounting  well  up  into  six  figures.  It  is  the 
second  oldest  bicycle  institution  in  this  country,  was  the  first  in  the  West  and  also  the 
very  first  in  America,  with  sufficient  faith  in  what,  less  than  eight  years  ago,  seemed 
a  very  precarious  industry,  to  erect  and  equip  a  factory  specially  for  the  manufacture 
of  bicycles.  It  is  also  largely  through  its  efforts  that  the  trade  has  assumed  the  pro- 
portions of  to-day,  as  they  i  esisted  the  demand  for  payment  of  royalty,  which  was 
levied  by  the  holder  of  the  original  license,  and  after  a  long  and  expensive  legal  fight, 
ending  in  the  supreme  court  of  theU.  S.,  they  secured  a  verdict  on  each  and  every 
•point  raised.  The  decision  threw  the  doors  open  and  the  bicycle  industry,  along  with 
the  Gormully  &  Jeffery  Co.,  has  since  gone  on  and  flourished. 

Marine  Engine  Works.— Robert  Tarrant,  proprietor.  This  is  one  of  the  pioneer 
induitries  in  its  line  in  this  city,  having  been  started  in  1857  by  Mr.  John  Murphy,  who, 
with  various  partners,  was  connected  with  it  up  to  1868,  at  which  time  Mr.  Tarrant 
entered  into  partnership  with  him  under  the  firm  name  of  Murphy  &  Tarrant,  their 
connection  continuing  until  the  great  fire  of  1871,  at  which  time  Mr.  Murphy  retired. 
Mr.  Tarrant,  with  the  energy  characteristic  of  him,  at  once  began  to  enlarge  the  busi- 
ness, and,  as  a  result,  has  to-day  a  shop  whose  equipments  of  tools  and  appliances  is 
second  to  none  in  the  country.  Eight  years  ago  he  built  and  occupied  his  present 
quarters  at  52,  54  and  56  Illinois  street,  which  are  75  feet  by  100  feet,  five  stories  high, 
and  which  it  was  supposed  would  be  amply  sufficient  for  the  requirements  of  his  busi- 
ness for  years  to  come,  but  its  growth  has  kept  pace  with  that  of  the  city,  and  a  contin- 
uance of  it  will  compel  larger  accommodations.  His  line  of  manufacture  is  varied, 
running  from  the  finest  tools  for  watch-making  to  mammoth  presses  for  printing 
newspapers,  ice  machines,  brick  presses,  marine  engines  and  any  special  machine  which 
the  market  may  require.  In  1885,  finding  that  his  business  required  a  better  grade  of 
castings  than  the  foundries  of  that  time  could  furnish,  he  decided  it  to  be  necessary  for 
him  to  branch  out  in  that  auxiliary  line,  and  consequently  associated  with  him  in  the 
foundry  business,  Mr.  John  Ramsay,  who  had  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  the  best 
foundryman  in  the  Western  country,  under  the  firm  name  of  Tarrant  &  Ramsay, 
but  in  1891  the  requirements  of  the  business  induced  them  to  organize  as  a  corporation 
under  the  name  of  the  Tarrant  &  Ramsay  Company.  This  concern  has  rapidly 
come  to  the  front  by  its  ability  to  make  difficult  and  large  castings,  and  lately  suc- 
ceeded in  making  three,  weighing  twenty  tons  each,  which  are  the  largest  made  west 
of  New  York. 

Henry  Dihblee  Co.,  The.—  Location  of  factory  and  sales  rooms  149  and  150  Michi- 
gan ave.,  (formerly  and  for  many  years  at  266  and  268  Wabash  ave.)  The  com- 


622  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

pany  occupies  the  entire  four-story  building  at  the  numbers  named,  where  they 
employ  a  large  number  of  workmen  in  the  manufacture  of  the  finest  special  designs 
in  wood  mantels,  bookcases,  office  fixtures,  side-boards  and  all  kinds  of  interior  orna- 
mental furnishings.  The  business  of  the  company  was  established  in  1873  by  Henry 
Dibblee,  in  whose  name  it  was  conducted  until  1886,  when  it  was  incorporated  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $75,000.  Officers:  Anson  S.Hopkins,  president;  B.  E.  Sunny,  vice- 
president;  J.  G.  Sanborn,  secretary  and  treasurer.  They  carry  in  stock  the  largest 
assortment  of  grates  and  mantels,  and  are  large  importers  of  English  tiles  for  floors, 
walls,  etc.  Among  the  many  prominent  buildings  fitted  up  by  this  company  we  may 
mention  the  Auditorium,  of  Chicago ;  Kinsley's,  the  Pullman  office  building,  the  Polk 
street  and  Great  Western  depots,  the  Keith  and  Perry  office  buildings.  Kansas  City; 
the  Northwestern  Life  Insurance  building,  Milwaukee  ;  the  Tennessee  Club,  of  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.,  as  well  as  hosts  of  the  finest  private  residence?.  Their  elegantly  fitted 
show  rooms  are  worthy  of  a  visit  from  the  stranger,  and  especially  those  interested  in 
the  lines  manufactured  and  carried  by  this  company.  ) 

Rice  and  Whitacre  Manufacturing  Company.— Located  47  and  49  South  Canal  street. 
Established  as  a  firm  1880.  Incorporated,  1887.  Manufacture  and  handle  engines,  boilers, 
steam  pumps,  power  transmitting  machinery,  steam  and  hot  water  heating  apparatus. 
Among  goods  of  their  own  manufacture  are  the  "  Kriebel  "  steam  engines  an  d  the 
"Triumph"  steam  and  hot  water  heaters.  They  are  also  agents  in  the  West  for  the 
"  G  urney  "  hot  water  heaters,  and  handle  a  large  line  of  stationary,  automatic  and 
hoisting  engines  outside  of  those  of  their  own  manufacture,  as  well  as  steel  boilers  of 
all  styles.  As  a  part  of  their  local  business  they  contract  for  the  erection  of  complete 
steam-power  plants.  Outside  of  Chicago  their  trade  in  certain  lines  extends  to  all 
parts  of  the  United  States,  and  some  of  their  goods  are  sold  for  export.  Their  shops 
are  well  equipped  with  modern  improvements  and  facilities,  including  the  latest 
machinery,  while  a  large  force  of  skilled  men  is  required  to  meet  the  demands  of  their 
constantly  increasing  patronage. 

The  Edward  Ely  Company.— Few  establishments  in  mercantile  life  occupy  more 
general  attention  in  these  days  of  tasteful  attire  than  those  devoted  to  the  manufac- 
ture and  sale  of  mule  garments,  for  at  no  period  during  its  entire  history  has  the 
tailor's  art  been  so  highly  appreciated  or  better  understood  than  at  the  present  day. 
Among  the  many  popular  and  prosperous  houses  devotid  to  this  important  branch  of 
industry  in  Chicago,  and  well  worthy  of  more  than  passing  notice,  is  the  concern  of 
the  Edward  Ely  Company,  whose  well-ordered  establishment  is  most  centrally  located 
in  the  Ely  Building,  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  avenue  and  Monroe  street,  and  which  has 
for  many  years  enjoyed  a  wide-spread  reputation  for  the  superior  quality  of  its  pro- 
ductions, and  fair,  square  and  liberal  business  methods.  Mr.  Ely,  the  founder  of  this 
enterprise,  was  born  in  Huutington,  Conn.,  and  settled  in  Chicago  in  1852.  Being  a 
thorough  master  of  the  merchant  tailoring  trade,  he  embarked  in  business  on  his  own 
account  in  1854,  and,  after  amassing  a  competence  in  a  comparatively  brief  period,  lost 
almost  his  all,  in  common  with  so  many  of  his  brother  business  men,  during  the  holo- 
caust of  1871.  With  characteristic  energy,  he  at  once  began  the  attempt  to  rebuild  his 
fallen  fortunes,  and  with  such  success  that  in  1886  he  inaugurated  the  present  company 
under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  with  a  paid-up  capital  of  8100,000.  His  present 
quarters  constitute  one  of  the  finest  appointed  merchant  tailoring  emporiums  in  Chi- 
cago, and  are  fully  equipped  with  every  convenience  for  the  comfort  of  patrons,  and 
the  advantageous  display  of  the  fine  stock  of  French,  English  and  German  broadcloths, 
cassimeres,  woolens,  worsteds,  tweeds,  meltons,  cheviots,  diagonals,  etc.,  in  all  the 
latest  and  most  fashionable  styles.  Some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  extent  of  the  oper- 
ations of  this  company  when  it  is  stated  that  five  cutters  and  seventy-five  journeymen 


THE    GUIDE".  623 


are  provided  with  constant  employment.  Mr.  Ely,  in  point  of  fact,  ranks  as  the  lead- 
ing merchant  tailor  of  the  Metropolis  of  the  West,  his  trac  ing  connection  being  broadly 
distributed  over  the  entire  Union.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  bothsocial  and  com- 
mercial circles,  actively  identified  with  the  Merchant  Tailors'  Association,  and  a  heavy 
holder  of  Chicago  realty.  • 

Irwin,  Green  &  Co.— This  is  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  grain  commission  trade 
in  Chicago.  Located  at  12C  to  131  Rialto  Building  adjoining  the  Board  of  Trade.  D .  W. 
Irwin  and  A.  W.  Green  and  C.  D.  Irwin  compose  the  firm.  Established  by  D.  W. 
Irwiii  in  18.">4.  Later  it  became  D.  W.  Irwin  &  Co.,  and  continued  so  for  some  years. 
Mr.  Green  has  been  with  the  house  over  twenty  years.  C.  D.  Irwin  is  a  son  of  the 
senior  member.  The  firm  has  ridden  out  all  panics,  has  never  failed,  has  always  en  joy- 
ed the  highest  credit  among  bankers  and  the  trade  in  general,  and  does  a  large  receiv- 
ing and  shipping  business,  besides,  d<  alii  g  extensively  in  grain  and  provisions  and 
buying  and  selling  for  future  delivery  all  commodities  dealt  in  on  the  Board  of  Trade. 
The  firm's  offices  in  the  Rialto  Building  comprise  a  fine  suite  of  rooms,  are  convenient 
to  the  Hoard  and  worthy  of  a  visit  from  the  stranger. 

Fred  S.  James  &  Co.  —Chicago  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  high  standard  of 
enterprise,  ability  and  integrity  displayed  by  its  leading  fire  underwriters,  prominent 
among  whom  is  the  responsible  firm  of  Fred  S.  James  &  Co.  This  extensive  business 
was  established  in  1863  by  Alfred  and  Fred  S.  James  and  continued  in  that  name  until 
1871,  when  the  business  was  transferred  to  Fred  S.  James  &  Co.  Associated  w.th  Fred 
S.  James  at  the  present  time  are  Wm.  D.  Marsh  and  George  W.  Blossom.  1  he  firm 
was  one  of  the  few  to  go  through  the  great  c>  nflagration  of  1871  with  comparatively 
few  failures  in  their  line  of  companies,  so  conservative  and  prudent  had  they  been  in 
the  selection  of  risks— their  offices  are  located  at  174  La  Salle  street,  and  are  commo- 
diously  and  handsomely  fitted  up  and  furnished  with  great^taste.  A  number  of  assis- 
tants are  employed;  and  every  facility  is  at  hand  for  the  transaction  of  the  leading 
underwriter's  business  in  a  prompt  and  satisfactory  manner.  This  firm  is  the  agent  for 
a  number  of  the  leading  corporations  in  their  line.  Among  the  many  represented  are 
the  following:  Lancashire  of  England,  cash  assets  $2,010,219;  Firemen's  Fire  Insur- 
ance Co.,  Boston,  Mass.,  cash  capital  $400,000;  Eliot  Insurance  Co.,  Boston,  Mass.,  cash 
capital  3200,000 ;  Connecticut  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.,  cash  capital  $1,000,- 
000;  National  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.,  cash  capital  $1.000,0,0;  Broadway 
Insurance  Co.,  New  York,  cash  capital  82,000,000;  The  Delaware  Mutual  Safety  Insur- 
ance Co.,  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  cash  capital  $703,875 

E.  S.  &  W.  S.  Fowler.  —Located  at  38  Madison  street.  Familiarly  known  as 
Fowler's.  The  leading  manufacturing  optician  of  Chicago.  This  house  makes  a 
specialty  of  scientific  testing  of  the  eye  and  grinding  glasses  to  correct  any  defect  of 
vision.  They  employ  experts  and  solicit  the  most  complicated  cases.  The  stranger 
visiting  Chicago,  if  troubled  with  any  disease  of  the  eye,  will  find  it  to  hisj  advantage 
to  visit  this  establishment. 

Western  Wheel  Works— Factory,  Wells,  Schiller  and  Sigel  streets,  North  Sitfe;  main 
office,  501  Wells  street.  The  largest  bicycle  manufacturing  establishment  in  America. 
The  factories  of  this  company  contain  25  ',000  square  feet  of  floor  space  and  employ  one 
thousand  men.  No  less  than  25,000  safety  bics'cles  were  made  and  sold  in  1891.  The 
facilities  of  the  establishment  have  been  doubled.  Among  the  most  popular  bicycles 
manufactured  here  are  the  Blackhawk,  Crescent  No.  2,  Escort,  Crescent  No.  1,  Juno, 
Rob  Boy  No.  3,  Rob  Roy  No.  2,  Rob  Roy  No.  1.  Here  are  also  manufactured  the  Cinch. 
Combination  Junior,  Boy's  Junior  and  Pet.  These  machines  have  a  market  in  every 
part  of  the  world,  and  owing  to  their  popularity  the  export  trade  is  constantly  increas- 
ing. They  are  everywhere  considered  among  the  most  reliable  and  popular.  Some  of 


624  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

the  makes  mentioned  have  been  ridden  by  champions  in  prize  contests  throughout  the 
country.    Eastern  agents,  R.  L.  Coleman  &  Co.,  35  Barclay  St.,  New  York. 

Sawyer-Goodman  Co.— The  Sawyer-Goodman  Company,  500  Lumber  St.  and  107 
Dearborn  St.,  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  widely  known  lumber  companies  in 
America.  Its  officers  were  pioneers  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber  in  Michigan  and 
Wisconsin,  and  it  now  owns  large  areas  of  pine  forests  in  those  states,  and  its  mills 
are  of  the  largest  capacity  and  most  modern  construction.  The  distributing  yards  in 
Chicago  are  among  the  most  extensive  in  the  city,  with  one  thousand  feet  of  dock 
front  and  track  room  to  load  fifty  cars  daily.  Having  ample  room  for  piling  in  these 
great  yards,  a  stock  of  lumber,  unsurpassed  in  extent,  is  constantly  on  hand,  from 
which  demands  for  pine  lumber  for  every  conceivable  purpose  can  be  promptly 
filled;  whether  from  the  wholesale  lumber  merchant  of  Chicago,  to  supply  the  de- 
ficiencies of  his  stock,  or  from  the  lumbermen  cf  other  cities,  or  more  especially  for 
shipment  by  rail  to  the  more  remote,  but  no  less  important  trade  of  the  retail  lumber 
dealers  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  This  company  also  manufactures  and  supplies 
from  its  mills  large  quantities  of  the  stock  handled  by  other  lumbermen.  The  com- 
bined sales  of  its  mills  and  Chicago  yards  have  exceeded  an  average  of  75,000,COO  feet 
annually  for  many  years.  To  the  stranger  in  Chicago  a  visit  to  these  yards  and  docks 
on  the  river  near  22nd  Street  bridge  would  be  very  interesting,  and  tourists  who 
desire  to  see  something  of  this  most  important  industry  would  be  well  repaid  for  a 
visit  to  the  mills  of  the  company  at  Marinette,  Wisconsin,  only  one  night's  ride  from 
Chicago  by  palace  car.  The  President  of  this  company  is  Hon.  Philetus  Sawyer,  of 
Wisconsin,  the  well-known  United  States  senator;  the  active  officers  in  Chicago  being 
James  B.  Goodman,  secretary,  and  Wm.  O.  Goodman,  treasurer. 

E.  W.  Blatchford  &  Co.— Located  at  the  intersection  of  Clinton  and  Fulton  streets 
and  Milwaukee  avenue,  in  the  center  of  the  West  Side  manufacturing  district,  well 
worth  a  visit  by  all  strangers  coming  to  Chicago,  are  the  works  of  E.  W.  Blatchford  & 
Company  and  The  Chicago  Shot  Tower.  The  former  was  established  at  this  point  forty 
and  the  latter  twenty-five  year3  ago.  The  business  has  been  enlarged  and  extended  to 
meet  the  growth  of  our  city  and  the  Northwest,  and  has  always  been  the  leading  man- 
ufacturing concern  in  the  West  for  lead  and  lead  products.  This  includes  lead  pipe% 
sheet  lead,  bar  and  pig  lead,  glaziers'  lead,  sash  weights,  etc.,  etc.  During  the  past 
twenty  years  this  house  has  given  special  attention  to  mixed  metals,  electrotype  and 
stereotype  metals.  Finding  it  necessary  to  have  on  hand  at  all  times  for  their  own 
uses  pig  tin  and  copper,  ingot,  sheet  and  bar  antimony  of  all  grades,  spelter,  antimon- 
ial  lead,  in  large  quantities,  they  are  in  the  best  possible  position  to  fill  the  require- 
ments of  the  trade  generally  on  particularly  advantageous  terms. 

During  the  past  few  years  the  Blatchford  Cartridge  Works  have  been  incorporated 
with  the  other  business,  and  their  loaded  shells  have  rapidly  taken  the  first  position  in 
the  estimation  of  the  shooting  community.  A  visit  to  their  works  can  not  fail  to  be 
very  interesting  to  all  those  concerned  in  this  line  of  business. 

There  are  many  objects  of  interest  amonsr  the  large  manufacturing  concerns  in 
this  neighborhood,  and  a  visit  to  the  Shot  Tower  and  its  vicinity  will  amp.y  repay  the 
time  devoted  to  this  purpose. 

Peltibone,  Mullihen  &  Company's  Works.— Situated  on  four  acres  of  ground, 
occupying  the  block  bounded  by  Hawthorne  avenue,  Eastman,  Dayton  and  Rees 
Bti-cets,  having  450  feet  front  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway.  The 
buildings  are  of  substantial  character,  built  of  brick,  and  cover  nearly  two-thirds  of 
the  property.  Pettibone,  Mulliken  &  Company  are  manufacturers  of  Strom  Clamp 
Frogs,  Channel  Split  Switches,  Axel  Automatic  Switch  Stands,  Pilot  Automatic  Switch 
Stands,  Banner  Switch  Stands,  Marks  Switch  Stands,  Samson  Head  Chairs,  Tie  Bars, 


THE   GUIDE.  025 

and  ordinary  frogs,  crossings,  split  switches,  combination  slip  switches  also  Alkins 
Forged  Steel  Rail  Braces,  Jenne  Track  Jacks,  Union  Track  Drills,  Perfection  Track 
Drills,  Roller  Rail  Benders,  and  Union  Counterbalance  Hoists  for  ore  docks. 

All  frogs,  crossings,  and  switches  are  worked  cold.  All  parts  of  the  various  appli- 
ances turned  ont  are^made  to  templet:  are  interchangeable,  and  are  manufactured  by 
special  machinery. 

The  Union  Counterbalance  Hoists  for  ore  docks  are  the  latest  improved  appliances 
for  raising  chutes  on  ore  docks.  This  hoist  has  been  placed  on  three  large  docks  in  the 
West.  The  specialties  manufactured,  such  as  the  Jenne  Track  Jack,  the  Roller  Rai 
Bender,  the  Union  and  Perfection  Track  Drills,  and  the  Alkins  Forged  Steel  Rail  Brace 
are  used  on  nearly  every  railroad  in  the  United  States  and  many  foreign  roads.  The 
Jenne  Track  Jack  was  the  first  friction  track  jack  put  on  the  market. 

Warner  Brothers,  Corset  Manufacturers — Located  at  203  and  205  Jackson  street,  J. 
A.  Miner,  manager.  Factory  located  at  Bridgeport,  Conn .  The  largest  corset  manu- 
factory in  the  world;  a  frontage  of  830  feet;  height,  four  stories;  capacity,  850  dozen 
corsets  a  day.  The  celebrated  Coraline  Corset  made  in  twenty-four  styles  to  fit  any 
form — short. medium  or  long  waist— ranging  in  price  from  $1  to  $5  each.  They' 
manufacture  corsets  ranging  in  price  from  $3.50  to  $3C  per  dozen. 

M.  A.Richardson,  Jr.,  &  Co. — This  firm  was  founded  by  M.  A.  Richardson,  Sr.,  who 
has  been  engaged  in  the  manufacturing  and  jobbing  business  in  Chicago  since  1870. 
They  were  located  on  East  Lake  street  for  a  number  of  years;  but,  finding  it  difficult  to 
obtain  room  for  their  rapidly-growing  busines^  on  the  overcrowded  South  Side,  and 
recognizing  the  fact  that  the  business  center  of  Chicago  must  move  westward,  they 
went  over  to  the  West  Side  in  1890  and  purchased  the  corner  on  West  Washington  boul- 
evard and  Curtis  street,  where  they  erected  a  large  six-story  building  adapted  to  the 
manufacture  of  tinware  and  other  goods  in  their  line,  and  where  they  also  do  a  large 
jobbing  business  in  japanned,  silver-plated  ware,  clocks,  cutlery  and  all  kinds  of 
kitchen  utensils,  novelties,  etc.,  etc .  This  location  is  convenient  to  all  freight  depots  and 
is  easily  reached  by  business  men  visiting  the  city,  as  the  Madison  street  cable  cars 
run  one  block  to  the  south  and  the  Randolph  street  horse  cars  one  block  to  the  south, 
while  the  Lake  street  elevated  road,  when  completed,  will  run  within  two  blocks  on 
the  north. 

Visitors  should  get  off  the  cars  at  Curtis  street,  when  they  will  have  no  trouble  to 
find  their  place. 

M.  A.  Richardson,  Jr.,  and  B.  H.  Chamberlin,  the  more  active  members  of  the 
firm,  claim  that  with  their  present  facilities  for  handling  freight  and  manufacturing 
with  no  rent  to  pay,  that  they  can  meet  any  competition,  quantity  and  quality  con. 
sidered. 

This  section  of  Chicago  must  soon  be  given  up  to  business,  as  manufacturers  are 
buying  up  allavailable  property,  and  many  large  factories,  wholesale  and  retail  houses 
are  now  in  course  of  erection.  Anyone  contemplating  building  a  factory,  wholesale 
house,  or  any  other  institution  for  traffic,  should  not  fail  to  look  over  this  locality,  as  it 
is  sure  to  be  in  the  center  of  the  business  district  of  the  great  metropolis  in  a  short 
time. 

The  Chicago  Rawhide  Manufacturing  Company.- Established  in  1878,  and  was  incor- 
porated in  March  following.  Its  business  is  the  manufacture  of  rawhide  belting,  lace- 
leather,  rope  and  other  rawhide  goods  of  all  kinds.  The  process  by  which  it  manu- 
factures its  leather  is  known  as  the  KRUEGER  patent,  of  which  the  company  is  the 
sole  owner.  They  also  control  a  large  number  of  other  patents,  necessary  to  the 
busine  s.  The  company  first  commenced  the  manufacture  of  its  goods  at  38  and  4o 
West  Monroe  Street.  Their  goods  immediately  found  favor  in  the  market,  and  in  a 


626  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

short  time  the  business  outgrew  the  space  occupied  at  the  above  location.  In  Novem. 
ber,  1882,  it  removed  to  its  present  location,  75  and  77  East  Ohio  Street,  into  a  building 
50x100  feet,  five  stories,  prepared  especially  for  their  use.  Two  years  ago  an  addition 
of  two  stories  was  made  to  the  building.  They  now  employ  a  large  number  of  work- 
men, and  business  is  constantly  on  the  increase.  All  goods  manufactured  are  of  the 
best  quality,  and  their  reputation  is  known  all  over  the  world.  Their  trade  covers  the 
whole  country,  as  well  as  many  foreign  countries.  They  have  recently  added  the 
manufacture  of  rawhide  hydraulic  packing  to  their  already  extensive  thie  of  manu- 
facture -,  and  have  been  for  many  years  making  rawhide  pinion  and  gears,  that  for 
results  are  unequaled  by  anything  in  the  market.  These  pinions  are  noiseless,  and 
wear  better  than  steel.  In  the  manufacture  of  their  goods,  nothing  but  the  best 
native  hides  are  used,  and  very  great  care  is  taken  to  produce  the  best  goods  that  can 
be  made.  The  present  officers  of  the  company  are  W.  H.  Emery,  president;  W.  H. 
Preble,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  A.  15.  Spurling,  vice-president.  These  gentlemen 
are  all  well  known  of  business  ability,  and  thoroughly  undei  stand  their  business. 
JThe  company  has  the  reputation  of  square  and  honest  dealings  in  all  respects,  and 
can  be  relied  upon  as  being  one  of  our  best  business  houses. 

Sweet,  irallncli  &  Co.,  located  215  and  221  Wabash  avenue,  dealers  in  Photographic 
Supplies.  Business  conducted  originally  in  the  name  of  Chas.  W.  Stevens  &  Co.,estab- 
]isli<-il  1865.  In  January,  1886,  the  present  firm  assumed  control  of  the  business,  and 
under  the  present  management  has  grown  to  be  the  leading  house  in  America  in  its  line. 
•  Vic rlimj,  McDowell  &  Co.,  Iron  JFo reallocated  at  Twenty-third  Street  and  Stewart 
avenue,  on  the  lines  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  and  Western  Indiana 
Railroads. 

Works  cover  about  two  acres  of  ground.  Have  substantal  buildings  for  foundry, 
pattern,  erecting  shops  and  office.  Over  two  hundred  hands  employed,  and  handle 
annually  over  twenty  thousand  tons  of  pig  iron,  rolled  beams,  etc.  Take  State  street 
or  Archer  avenue  car,  or  Ft.  Wayne  train  at  Union  depot  or  Western  Indiana  Railroad 
at  Dearborn  station . 

Robert  Vierling,  President;  Louis  Vierling,  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  and  Alfred 
Grossmith,  Superintendent. 

A.  H.  Andrews  &  Company. —Located  at  21 5-221  Wabash  ave.,  in  the  heart  of  the 
business  center.  One  of  the  largest  commercial  outfitting  establishments  in  the  world. 
Also  the  leading  school  furnishing  house  of  Chicago.  Here  may  be  seen  every  possi- 
ble design  in  commercial  office  fixtures  of  the  better  class  in  desks  and  in  furnishings. 
The  show  rooms  of  the  house  are  elegantly  arranged.  The  designs  in  desks  are  in 
many  cases  novel  as  well  as  beautiful.  This  firm  has  furnished  the  fittings  for  some  of 
the  leading  banking  rooms  of  the  city.  The  beautiful  interior  of  the  Union  National 
Bank  was  designed  and  executed  by  A.  H.  Andrews  &  Co.  They  will  furnish  the 
bank  fittings  of  the  Chemical  Bank  of  Chicago  on  the  World's  Fair  grounds,  which  is 
to  be  located  in  the  Administration  building.  It  is  to  be  the  most  elegantly  furnished 
bank  in  America.  Aside  from  desks  and  outfitting  departments  of  this  establishment, 
here  are  also  to  be  found  Andrew's  celebrated  folding-beds,  the  most  popular  in 
America.  The  stranger  is  advised,  by  all  means,  to  visit  A.  H.  Andrews  <fc  Company's 
house  before  leaving  the  city. 

Geo.  B.  Carix  ntir  ,t  Co.— Location,  202  and  208  S.  Water  st.  The  business  of 
this  house  was  established  by  George  A.  Robb,  in  1840,  only  three  years  after  the 
incorporation  of  Chicago  as  a  city.  In  1845  Mr.  Payson  was  admitted  to  the  firm, 
and  the  name  was  changed  to  I'ayson  &  Robb.  Mr.  Payson  retired  in  1850,  when 
Mr.  Gilbert  Hubbard  entered  the  firm,  the  style  of  which  was  then  made  Hub- 
bard  &  Robb.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Robb  in  1857,  George  B.  Carpenter  became 


v. 

THE   GUIDE.  ^  627 

a  partner  in  the  firm;  Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co.  succeeded,  and  during  twenty-four 
years,  to  the  time  of  Mr.  Hubbard's  death  in  1881,  the  house  advanced  to  its 
present  position  in  the  trade,  and  the  name  became  a  familiar  one  throughout  the 
West.  In  January,  1882,  following  the  death  of  Mr.  Hubbard,  the  business  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  present  firm,  who  had  been  his  associate  for  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  Geo.  B.  Carpenter  &  Co.  have  since  cared  for  the  trade  upon  the  same  principles 
as  characterized  the  management  of  the  old  house.  From  1859,  until  the  great  fire  of 
1871,  the  concern  occupied  the  large  iron  front  building  at  No.  305  and  207  South  Water 
street,  immediately  opposite  their  present  location.  That  was  burned  to  the  ground 
on  the  night  of  October  9th  of  that  memorable  year,  but  before  the  ruins  were  cold  a 
tent  was  set  up,  and  Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co.  resumed  business.  Of  course  the  great  fire 
of  1871  played  havoc  with  Geo.  B.  Carpenter  &Co.,  as  it  did  with  so  many  of  Chicago's 
business  men.  After  dwelling  in  a  tent  a  short  time  the  business  occupied  an  old  grain 
warehouse  on  Market  street  until  1875,  when  it  moved  to  its  present  ample  quarters; 
but,  owing  to  the  increase  in  their  business,  these  quarters  we.  e  found  to  be  insuf- 
ficient, so  much  so  that,  in  1887,  they  ereeted  their  present  waVehouse,  a  six-story 
structure  with  a  capacity  of  two  hundred  car  loads.  A  short  description  of  the  store— 
they  call  it  a  sample  room  as  well  as  a  warehouse— would  no  doubt  be  interesting.  In 
the  basement  is  a  rigging  room  as  well  as  an  endless  stock  of  wire  rope,  cordage, 
waste,  naval  supplies,  etc.  On  the  main  floor,  besides  counting  and  salesrooms,  there 
are  cordage  and  ship  chandlery  sundries.  The  second  floor  contains  the  office  and 
rubber  goods,  canvas  and  twines.  The  third  floor,  known  as  the  machine  room,  con- 
tains over  forty  of  the  latest  machines  for  sewing  canvas.  The  fifth  tloor  is  the  sail 
loft,  where  besides  sails,  the  heavier  canvas  goods  are  made  into  various  artick  8.  In 
the  warehouse  the  basement  and  main  floors  are  used  for  cordage,  the  second  for 
canvas,  the  third  for  twines,  etc.,  and  the  fifth  for  lumbermen's  tools.  This  is  a  brief 
history  of  the  house.  From  small  beginnings  it  has  reached  its  present  magnitude, 
and  is  constantly  winning  respects  as  well  as  growing  in  size  and  strength.  The 
public  is  always  interested  in  knowing  something  about  the  men  who  are  back  of  a 
great  business,  and  who  make  it  "  go."  And  how  accurately  the  business  reflects  the 
character  of  the  men  who  are  behind  it— reputable  business,  honorable  men. 

Charles  Kcestner  &  Co.— Established  1803;  general  machinists,  founders,  mill  fur- 
nishers. Office  of  works,  303  and  311  South  Canal  street,  West  Side.  Department  A  — 
the  manufacturing  of  special  machinery  for  breweries,  malt  houses,  elevators,  distil- 
leries, starch  and  glucose  works.  Department  B— the  building  of  general  and  special 
machinery  for  arranging  designs.  Department  C— grinding  mills  and  pulverizers,  for 
wet  and  dry  grinding  and  pulverizing  of  any  materials.  "Department  D— painting, 
grinding  and  mixing  of  colors,  makers  of  machinery  and  equipments.  Department 
E— designing  of  and  erecting,  manufacturing  buildings.  Their  new  works  will  be 
located  at  241  to  249  South  Jefferson  street  and  2  to  50  Law  avenue.  This  building 
will  be  six  stories  and  a  basement  and  have  a  floor  area  of  thirty-six  thousand  square 
feet.  The  works  wiil  contain  freight  and  passenger  elevators  and  will  be  heated  by 
steam  and  lighted  by  electricity.  The  power  plant  will  be  the  most  modern.  These 
new  works  of  Charles  Ka'stncr •&  Co.  will  be  deserving  of  a  visit  from  the  stranger. 

Jenkins,  Krccr  and  Company.— One  of  the  most  widely  and  favorably  known  houses 
in  among  the  dry-goods,  commission  merchants  and  manufacturer's  agents  in  this 
market.  From  the  formation  of  the  house  in  1880  its  standing  has  been  that  of  one  of 
the  most  successful  of  its  kind  in  the  West.  Originally  the  house  was  established  as 
Clapp,  Jenkins  &  Co.,  which  continued  as  the  firm  title  until  1885,  when  Mr.  Kreer 
entered  the  firm  and  the  name  was  changed  to  Jenkins,  Kreer  &  Co.  Four  years  later  Mr. 
Downs  was  admitted  as  a  partner.  The  Chicago  Dry  Goo-'sBepurtei •  itiui  WJiolesaler 


628  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

speaking  of  this  firm,  says:  The  extensive  experience  of  these  gentlemen  will  be 
observed  by  the  fact  that  all  three  have  been  connected  with  the  dry  goods  business  in 
Chicago  for  upward  of  twenty  years.  Messrs.  Kreer  and  Downs  in  the  selling  depart- 
ment and  Mr.  Jenkins  in  the  financial  department  of  the  trade.  Thus  the  combination 
is  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  successful  management  of  manufacturer's  goods  and  the 
careful  distribution  of  the  same.  Mr.  Kreer,  formerly  many  years  in  the  dress  goods  de- 
partment of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  in  his  efficient  familiarity  with  goods,  spends  much  of 
his  time  with  the  Eastern  finishers  and  manufacturers  whose  goods  this  house  represents. 
It  is  a  recognized.fact  that  no  commission  house  East  or  West  represents  a  larger  or 
finer  line  of  cotton  buntings,  light  sheetings  and  cheese  cloths  than  is  shown  by  this 
house.  In  this  department  there  are  upwards  of  seventy  different  brands,  and  at  all 
times  they  aim  to  carry  a  full  line  in  Chicago  for  the  purpose  of  immediate  delivery. 
They  also  have  numerous  other  cotton  goods,  and  particularly  goods  made  by  the 
Valley  Falls  Company  of  Rhode  Island,  being  the  sole  representatives  of  the  Oakwood 
staple  ginghams,  which  are  now  so  well  known  to  the  trade.  Their  market  is  more 
extensive  than  would  appear  at  first  sight,  reaching  IndianapoHs,  Cincinnati, 
Knoxville,  Louisville  and  the  jobbing  markets  West  and  Northwest  in  addition  to  the 
Chicago  market,  which,  in  itself,  is  very  large.  It  is  unnecessary  for  the  Reporter  to 
testify  to  the  high  esteem  in  which  this  house  is  held  by  the  trade  at  large,  or  to  their 
unimpeached  record  for  business  integrity.  They  have  had  an  abiding  faith  in  Chi- 
cago, not  only  as  a  distributing  point,  but  as  the  future  home  of  a  large  constituency 
of  selling  agents  and  direct  representatives  of  mills.  That  their  judgment  has  been 
correct  is  amply  evidenced  by  the  large  number  of  great  Eastern  concerns  that  are 
now  looking  in  the  direction  of  Chicago.  And  when  this  market  has  attained  its  true 
greatness  and  dignity,  no  small  portion  of  the  credit  will  be  due  to  such  houses  as  that 
which  forms  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

W.  C.  Ritchie  &  Company.— Among  the  industries  of  Chicago  which  have  grown 
with  the  growth  of  the  city,  that  of  paper-box  making  is  specially  worthy  of  notice; 
W.  C.  Ritchie  4k  Company  being  the  most  successful  in  that  line.  This  firm  is  the  suc- 
cessor of  Ritchie  &  Duck,  which  was  formed  September  1, 1866,  with  a  capital  of  only 
$1,600,  and  sales  for  first  year  of  $10,000.  Immediately  after  the  fire  of  1871  they  erected 
a  temporary  building  at  413  W.  Van  Buren  and  in  October,  1872  they  removed  to  154  and 
155  Michigan  avenue,  occupying  two  and  one-half  floors,  40  by  150.  By  purchasing  the 
property  and  adding  two  stories  to  the  building,  they  managed  to  take  care  of  their 
growing  trade  till  the  end  of  the  year  1891,  when  they  moved  into  their  present  quar- 
ters, built  expressly  for  their  business,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Van  Buren  and 
Green  streets,  and  owned  by  the  senior  member  of  the  firm.  A  cut  of  the  building  is 
shown  on  another  page.  This  establishment  is  undoubtedly  the  most  complete  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States,  and  has  75,000  square  feet  of  floor  space,  fully  equipped  with 
all  the  improved  machinery  in  their  line,  including  a  machine-shop  for  repairs.  As  the 
rent  received  from  the  stores  and  two  stories  not  yet  needed  by  them  pays  a  fair  inter- 
est on  the  investment,  they  are  enabled  to  manufacture  their  goods  with  the  least 
possible  expense,  and  their  aim  is,  by  low  prices,  to  increase  their  business  so  that  in  a 
few  years  they  will  need  the  whole  building.  Th*ir  success  shows  them  to  be  wide- 
awake Chicago  men. 

diaries  McDonald's  News  Store. — Located  at  55  Washington  street.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  popular  resorts  for  lovers  of  current  literature  and  books  of  the  latest  issue 
Mr.  McDonald's  establishment  is  familiar  to  nearly  every  Chicagoan.  Latest  publica- 
tions of  every  description  may  be  found  here.  These  include  foreign  as  well  as  home 
publications.  Mr.  McDonald's  faculty  for  collecting  popular  works  of  fiction  is  well 
known.  One  may  feel  reasonably  certain  at  all  times  to  find  the  very  latest  in  roman- 


THE   GUIDE.  629 

ces  on  his  tables.  The  stranger  is  particularly  directed  to  this  establishment.  Publi- 
cations not  in  stock  will  be  ordered  and  furnished  without  delay.  Mr.  McDonald,  who 
is  of  Scotch  parentage,  is  still  a  young  man,  being  not  yet  thirty-one  years  of  age. 
He  is  a  native  Chicagoan  and  was  born  in  the  North  Division  of  the  city  in  the  year 
1859.  He  began  his  business  career  in  April,  1873,  in  one  of  the  first  great  buildings 
erected  after  the  fire  of  '71. 

Charles  Curry.—  Reference  is  made  in  the  body  of  this  guide  to  the  newsstand  con- 
ducted by  Charles  Curry.  The  stranger  will  find  here  everything  in  the  nature  of  first- 
class  current  literature,  works  of  fiction,  guide  books,  the  illustrated  weeklies,  etc., 
that  he  may  want.  Mr.  Curry's  place  on  Madison  street,  near  Fifth  avenue,  as  well  as 
his  magnificent  store  in  the  Central  Music  Hall  building,  are  well  patronized. 

Douglas  Instantaneous  Water  Heater.— A  most  convenient  and  essential  device  for 
the  household  manufactured  by  the  Instantaneous  Water  Heating  Company,  141 
and  143  Ontario  street. 

The  value  of  an  apparatus  that  will  heat  water  instantly  any  minute  of  the  day  or 
night,  and  in  unlimited  quanities,  cannot  be  overestimated  when  the  convenience,  and 
so  often  the  necessity,  of  gett:ug  hot  water  instantly  is  considered.  So  often  must  the 
bath  be  neglected  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  hot  water.  Even  where  there  is  a  kitchen 
boiler  the  limited  supply  is  an  every-day  occurrence ;  it  is  either,  there  has  been  no 
fire  in  the  racge,  or  some  one  before  you  has  used  all  the  hot  water.  The  Douglas 
Water  Heater  has  been  in  use  in  other  countries  for  a  number  of  years,  while  its  intro- 
duction in  the  United  States  was  in  1886,  since  which  time  the  Heater  has 
met  with  a  good  and  increasing  demand.  The  Douglas  Heater  can  be  used  any  place 
where  gas  and  water  can  be  obtained,  and  can  be  set  at  the  foot  of  bath  tub,  or  on 
a  shelf  in  the  most  convenient  place  for  it.  The  construction  of  this  apparatus  is 
such  that  makes  it  most  durable  and  safe.  It  requires  only  ordinary  care  when  using, 
and  Jif  directions  are  carried  out  the  Heater  will  last  an  average  life-time.  The 
ope  ration  is  most  simple  and  economical.  The  water  passes  up  through  a  copper  coil 
to  the  top  of  the  Heater,  then  sprays  over  a  copper  cylinder,  which  is  heated  by  an 
atmospheric  burner.  The  water  heats  as  it  passes  through,  and  comes  out  as  pure  as 
when  it  enters.  The  temperature  can  be  regulated  by  the  quantity  passing  through, 
and  as  the  consumption  of  gas  is  only  while  the  Heater  is  in  use,  it  can  be  seen  that  it  is 
most  economical.  Parties  building  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  specify  for  this 
Heater.  It  is  a  convenience  that  should  not  be  overlooked,  and  one  that  tenants  highly 
appreciate. 

"Crown"  Pianos  and  Organs.—  The  "Crown"  pianos  and  organs  manufactured  by 
George  P.  Bent,  323  to  333  South  Canal  Street,  Chicago,  have  won  their  way  into  popu- 
larity rapidly  and  are  regarded  among  the  higher  class  of  performers  and  experts  as 
being  superior  instruments  in  tone,  touch  and  general  high  quality  of  workmanship 
throughout.  The  factory  is  one  of  the  largest  among  the  great  industries  of  Chicago, 
employing  over  253  skilled  mechanics  and  artisans.  The  annual  production  amounts 
to  7,000  organs  and  upwards  of  1,CCO  pianos,  which  find  a  ready  market  throughout  the 
whole  country,  many  of  the  goods  going  into  the  extreme  East.  Mr.  Bent  produces 
sixty-four  distinct  styles  of  the  "  Crown  "organs  and  thirty-two  distinct  styles  of 
pianos.  Three  new  styles  of  organ  cases  have  just  been  put  on  the  market  and  four 
new  styles  and  scales  of  pianos.  In  the  pianos  the  very  heaviest  full  iron  plates  are 
used  in  all  the  various  styles.  The  new  scales  are  of  recent  design  and  embody  all  re- 
cent improvements.  In  the  manufacture  of  these  organs  and  pianos  the  first  object 
sought  to  be  attained  is  the  very  best  quality  of  tone  and  touch  possible  t6  produce. 
The  second  object  is  to  provide  ornamental  and  tasty  cases  which  will  please  the  eye 
and  which  will  find  a  ready  sale  to  a  discriminating  public.  The  very  best  materials, 
as  well  as  the  most  handsome  that  money  will  buy,  are  used  in  their  construction 


630  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

throughout.  They  are  built  with  the  idea  that  "  the  best  is  the  cheapest,  "  and  that 
"the  best  is  none  too  good  !  "  Mr.  Bent's  business  was  established  in  1870,  and  itssteady 
and  constant  growth  is  a  substantial  evidence  that  his  goods  meet  with  the  approval 
of  trade  and  public. 

S.  D.  Kimbark.—At  the  corner  of  Michigan  aeenue  and  Lake  street  stands  a  solid 
structure,  132  feet  front  and  150  feet  deep,  with  facilities  for  shipping  and  handling 
goods  on  three  sides.  An  illustration  of  it  may  be  seen  on  page  313.  This  is  the  oldest 
house— having  been  established  in  1853— as  well  as  the  best  known  and  largest  in  the 
Wot,  and  for  that  matter  in  the  country,  devoted  to  the  sale  of  iron,  heavy  hard- 
ware, vehicle  materials  of  every  description,  and  tools  and  machines  used  by  black- 
smiths, carriage  makers  and  machinists.  Here  may  be  found  everything  in  the  line, 
in  endless  variety  and  large  quantities.  The  trade  of  this  house  extends  over  the  whole 
of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  into  Australia,  and  some  of  the  South  American  Repub- 
lic j.  As  an  adjunct  to  the  wholesale  business  in  Chicago,  a  large  factory  is  in  oper- 
ation at  Elkhart,  Ind.,  for  the  nmnufactuie  of  carriage  bodies,  carriage  and  wagon 
spokes,  and  vehicle  wood  material  generally.  The  factory  has  a  capacity  of  a  car 
loadof  200  bodies  daily,  or  approximately  60,COO  per  year;  and  is  therefore  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Kimburk  is  one  of  the  representative  men  of  the 
city,  and  prominent  in  all  movements  for  its  well  being  and  good. 

Greug  Electric  Cure  GYimpan;/  —  Located  501  Inter  Ocean  Building.  Dr.  Gregg's 
electric  appliances  for  home  treatment  have  been  repeatedly  proved  the  most 
effective  agent  for  the  cure  of  obesity,  or  surplus  flesh,  through  excessive  action 
of  the  secretory  glands  of  the  Stomach.  General  debility,  or  suppressed  develop- 
ment, through  the  failing  action  of  the  secretory  glands.  Female  weakness, 
or  physical  derangement,  through  the  failing  action  of  the  nervous  system. 
Rheumatism  and  lumbago,  or  uric  poison,  through  failing  action  of  the  Kid- 
neys. Enuresis,  (bed  wetting)  or  Incontiuency  of  urine,  through  partial  Mus- 
cular paralysis  and  excessive  kidney  action.  Impotency,  or  lost  vitality,  through 
relaxation  of  secretory  glands  of  the  genital  organs.  Neurasthenia,  or  abuse  of 
nature's  laws,  through  shattered  nerves  and  excessive  demands.  Chronic  synovitis, 
(white  swelling)  or  excessive  synovial  secretions,  through  shock  or  injury  to  the 
nerves  controlling  those  glands.  The  use  of  electricity  for  curing  diseases  has  been 
struggling  for  recognition  and  position  for  forty  years  and  more.  The  last  five  years 
has  witnessed  great  progress.  Its  curative  qualities  were  recognized  long  ago,  but  its 
mediums  of  application,  while  in  many  instances  highly  marked  by  evidences  of 
ingenuity  and  skill,  were  always  found  to  lack  essential  points,  preventing  the  patient 
from  entering  into  perfect  accord  with  the  energy  of  the  current  and  thereby  falling 
short  of  perfect  results.  Perfect  electrolytic  action  is  the  end  sought,  and  that  end 
has  been  attained  by  means  of  Prof.  W.  W.  Gregg's  electrolytic  specialties.  The 
secret  of  the  groat  success  of  Dr.  Gregg's  electric  specialties,  in  healing  otherwise 
incurable  cases,  is  to  so  apply  a  prolonged,  unbroken  electrolyic  action  to  the  dis.ased 
part  or  parts,  as  to  actually  compel  the  disease  to  let  go  Faultless  in  construction— 
the  outcome  of  20  years  experience— the  extract  the  very  essence  of  electric  virtue 
and  unerringly  supply  an  irresistible  home  cure,  always  ready  for  instant  private  use, 
and  attested  by  thousands  to  yield  permanency  of  relief,  utterly  unattainable  by 
medicine  or  other  mode  of  electric  treatment.  Contact  with  the  body  is  harmless  and 
agreeable  and  under  its  influence  obesity  melts  like  snow  in  summer.  Dropsy  shrinks 
like  a  drying  sponge.  Protracted  nervousness,  drunkenness,  paralysis  and  dyspepsia, 
habitual  constipation,  aggravated  effects  of  abuses  and  all  kinds  of  rheumatism; 
chronic  diseases  of  the  joints,  skin,  kidneys,  urinal  and  sexual  organs;  aches  and 
pains,  literally  vanish  as  if  by  magic— leaving  the  sufferer  forever  freed  from  the 
shackles'  of  affliction.  No  disease  growing  out  of  a  defective,  disordered  or  wrecked 


THE  GUIDE.  631 

nervous  system  can  possibly  withstand  them,  and  wherever  Uncle  Sam's  mail  finds 
sick  people  of  either  sex,  there  is  absolutely  no  drawback  to  their  complete  success  at 
small  cost. 

Northern  Assurance  Company  of  London.— One  of  the  most  substantial  -of  Eng- 
land's financial  institutions  is  the  Northern  Assurance  Company  of  London,  which  is 
transacting  a  general  fire  insurance  business  in  this  country  and  Canada,  as  well  as 
throughoutthe  world.  This  sterling  company  was  organized  in  1836,  at  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  and  its  management  soon  found  it  necessary  to  have  headquarters  main- 
tained in  London,  as  well,  to  properly  manage  the  large  business  it  rapidly  acquired 
through  its  various  sub-offices.  Since  it  was  founded  it  has  paid  to  its  policy  holders 
in  losses  the  enormous  sum  of  over  $3  ,f  00,000,  one-fifth  of  which  sum  has  been  paid  to 
claimants  in  the  United  States.  It  has  accumulated  funds  for  the  security  of  its  fire 
policies  of  over  $9,000,000,  with  liabilities  of  less  than  $3,030,000,  leaving  a  surplus 
exceeding  $5,000,000.  Its  reputation  for  prompt  and  equitable  settlements  is  thoroughly 
established,  and  with  honest  claimants  it  has  never  been  known  to  quiUle  or  introduce 
technicalities.  Bankers  and  mortgagees  readily  accept  its  policies  for  as  large  insur- 
ance as  the  company  is  willing  to  grant,  and  not  a  few  of  the  most  conservative  insist 
upon  its  policies  in  transactions  in  which  they  have  the  naming  of  the  insurance  com- 
panies. For  the  convenience  of  its  patrons  in  the  United  States  it  has  established 
agencies  in  all  the  cities  and  towns,  with  managing  departments  in  the  principal  cities. 
The  company,  appreciating  the  importance  of  Chicago  as  a  commercial  center,  has 
established  here,  not  only  a  general  office  for  the  transaction  of  its  large  business 
throughout  the  Northwestern  States  and  Territories, but  a  local  office  as  well,so  that  its 
patrons  in  Chicago  may  deal  direct  with  the  company.  All  losses  in  these  offices  are 
paid, without  reference,  by  check  on  their  Chicago  bankers. The  Northwestern  Depart- 
ment is  located  at  226  La  Salle  street,  and  is  under  the  management  of  Wm.  D.  Crooke. 
The  local  office  for  city  and  suburban  business  is  at  153  La  Salle  street,  in  charge  of 
Charles  Nelson  Bishop,  as  city  manager.  The  insuring  public  can  have  no  better 
security  than  a  policy  in  the  reliable  "Northern of  London." 

New  Yorli  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  Illinois  General  Ayency.-  Elsewhere  is 
presented  in  this  volume  an  engraving  of  the  interior  of  the  counting  room  of  Charles 
H.  Ferguson,  general  agent  of  the  New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  for  the 
State  of  Illinois.  The  offices  are  located  in  the  famous  Tacoma  building,  Madison  and 
and  La  Salle  sts.,  and  are  among  the.  finest  in  the  city.  Mr.  Ferguson  has  made  life 
insurance  a  study  during  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  With  him  it  is  a  science,  and  his 
knowledge  of  its  cardinal  principals  and  details  gives  him  rank  among  the  leading  life 
insurance  agents  of  the  world.  He  was  appointed  general  agent  of  the  State  of  Illinois 
in  June,  1877,  after  proving  to  the  satisfaction  of  President  McCurd3r  and  the  directors 
of  the  New  York  Mutual  that  he  was  qualified  for  one  of  the  most  responsible  and 
important  positions  at  their  disposal.  The  progress  of  the  Illinois  agency  since  then 
has  been  phenomenal.  December  31, 1886,  the  company  reported  Illinois  premiums  of 
$606,077,  paym«nts  to  policy-holders  in  this  State  of  $310,140,  new  insurance  for  the 
State  of  $1,769,510,  and  insurance  in  force  in  the  State  of  $20,290,720.  The  next  year  Mr. 
Ferguson's  half-year's  work  as  general  agent  was  evidenced  by  Illinois  premiums  of 
$685,812,  payments  of  $336,862,  new  insurance  of  $2,6G5,735,  and  insurance  in  force  of 
$21,697,939.  For  188?,  his  first  full  year  as  general  agent,  the  Illinois  report  credits  the 
company  with  premiums  of  $771,071,  payments  of  $323,487,  new  insurance  of  $6,172,790,  and 
insurance  in  force  ot  $25,562,744.  December  31, 1889,  these  items  were:  premiums,  $907,- 
539;  payments,  $462,318;  new  insurance  of  $6,735,362;  insurance  in  force,  $28,889,853.  In 
1890  the  Illinois  general  agency  collected  $1,025,575  in  premiums,  returned  $410,747  to 
policy-holders,  wrote  new  insurance  of  no  less  than  $7,324,113,  and  increased  the  insur- 
ance in  force  in  this  State  to  $31,884,127 .  These  latter  figures  explain  our  introductory 


632  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

statement  as  to  the  comparative  magnitude  of  Mr.  Ferguson's  business.  His  new 
writings  in  1890  (of  which  the  December  business  alone  represented  insurance  of 
$1,800,000  and  premiums  of  $157,709)  were  $2.000,000  more  than  the  amount  written  in  the 
six  States- comprising  the  Northwestern  general  agency,  of  which  Illinois  was  a  part 
when  he  became  the  general  agent,  and  about  equal  to  the  amount  reported  from 
three  other  Northwestern  States  last  year. 

In  kss  than  five  years  Mr.  Ferguson  has  increased  the  Mutual  Life's  Illinois  prem- 
iums from  $606,077  to  $1,025,575,  its  new  business  from  $1,769,510  to  $7,324,113,  and  its 
insurance  in  force  in  this  State  from  $20,290,720  to  $36,884,127.  In  the  aggregate,  during 
this  time,  he  has  collected  $4,478,417  in  premiums,  returned  $2,105,418  to  policy-holders 
in  losses  and  claims,  and  written  new  insurance  of  $29,010,010.  December  31st  last  the 
Mutual  Life  had  12,057  policies  in  force  in  this  State.  Taking  the  census  estimate  of 
five  to  a  family,  and  we  find  that  54,125  lives  have  a  direct  personal  interest  in  its 
Illinois  department.  Mr.  Ferguson  was  born  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  August  13, 1846.  Out- 
side of  life  insurance,  in  business-and  social  circles,  Mr.  Ferguson  is  widely  known  and 
as  widely  esteemed,  rich  in  the  number  of  warm  personal  friends  who  would  go  out  of 
their  way  to  do  him  a  kindness. 

Northicestern  Masonic.  A  id  .4ssoctatio?i.— Located  in  the  Home  Insurance  building, 
Adams  and  La  Salle  sts.  Officers:  Daniel  J.  Avery,  president ;  James  A.  Stoddard, 
secretary.  The  offices  of  the  association  occupy  nearly  a  whole  floor  in  this  great 
building,  so  large  is  the  business  transacted.  A  force  of  sixty  clerks  are  employed  in 
the  various  departments  that  are  essential  to  the  management  of  their  large  and  con- 
stantly-increasing business,  which  makes  it  a  veritable  hive  of  industry;  yet  each 
department  is  so  systematically  arranged  that  any  paper  may  be  found,  or ;,  ny  informa- 
tion ascertaii  ed  instantly.  The  Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  was  organized  in  1874,  with 
the  same  gentlemen  as  president  and  secretary  who  bavo  continuously  filled  those 
responsible  positions  down  to  the  present  time ;  and  they  may  well  congratulate  them- 
selves on  the  magnificent  success  of  their  association,  and  the  repeated  expressions  of 
confidence  by  the  board  of  trustees  and  the  members  of  the  association.  The  con- 
tinued growth  and  prosperity  of  the  Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  has  made  it  sol.'d  as  a 
rock,  and  is  emblematic  of  the  push  and  enterprise  that  characterize  the  business  men  of 
Chicago  and  the  West.  Each  succeeding  year  has  added  to  its  strength  and  prosperity, 
until  we  find,  December  31, 1891,  they  have  already  paid  over  $9,000,000  to  the  bene- 
ficiaries of  their  deceased  members,  having  58,008  certificates  in  force,  representing 
$155,000,000  insurance  at  risk,  and  by  economical  and  conservative  management 
accumulated  a  surplus  of  $517 ,OCO  over  their  Labilities,  which  stands  behind,  and  is 
pledged  for  the  payment  of  all  claims  against  the  association,  thus  giving  a  sound 
financial  standing.  The  Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  Association  is  based  upon  the  most 
approved  plan  of  assessment  life  insurance,  and  is  managed  wholly  in  the  interest  of 
its  members,  surrounding  them  with  every  safeguard  experience  can  suggest  or 
prudence  dictate.  Among  their  special  features  are  :  no  annual  dues,  the  policy  is  for 
a  definite  amount  and,  practically,  incontestible  after  three  years;  second^  notice  given 
before  a  member  can  be  lapsed  for  non-payment  of  assessments ;  no  assessments  col- 
lected in  advance  under  promise  of  future  dividends  ;  ,  nnual  statement  verified  by  the 
auditor  of  the  State  of  Illinois.  Of  over  nine  million  dollars  collected  and  disbursed 
since  organization,  in  1874,  85  per  cent,  has  been  paid  to  the  widows  and  orphans  oi  its 
deceased  members,  and  only  10  per  cent,  used  for  expenses,  while  about  5  per  cent, 
has  been  saved,  and  now  constitutes  their  substantial  surplus  of  over  $500,0130. 


THE  BUYERS'  GUIDE — LEADING  HOUSES. 


CARRIAGE  MANUFACTURERS. 

H.  J.  EDWARDS  &  SONS, 
Fine  Carriages,  all  Kinds. 

354  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Established:    New  York,  1856;  Chicago,1869. 

COAL 

WATSON,  LITTLE  &  CO., 

Miners  and  Shippers  of  COAL, 

99  Dearborn  St.  (N.  E.  cor.  Washington  St.) 

Docks:  North  Pier.  Chicago. 

COMMISSIONS. 

L.  EVERINGHAM  &  CO.. 

Commission  Merchants. 

Specialties,  Grain  and  Seeds  of  all  kinds. 

Royal  Insurance  Building,  Jackson  St., 

Opposite  Board  of  Trade,  Chicago. 

COSTUMERS. 

CHICAGO  COSTUME  AND  DECORATING  Co., 
Manufacturer*  of  Fancy  and  Theatrical  C'cutiumes. 

Flags  and  Oecorations  for  Bale  and  to  rent. 
Theatrical  Wig  Makers.   Gold  and  Silver  Trimmings, 

Swords,  Armors,  Masks,  etc. 
61  Washington  Street,        -       Chicago,  111. 

DYE  STUFFS. 


DYE   STUFFS,   CHEMICALS,  WOOLEN    AND 

COTTON  MILL  SUPPLIES. 
R.  R.  STREET  &  CO., 

184  and  186  Washington  St. 

ELECTRIC 


UNION  ELECTRIC  WORKS, 

207  S.  Canal  Street, 

Manufacturers  of  every  variety  of 

Electrical  Apparatus. 

All  kinds  of   Eloclric  work  done  for  Private  and 
Public  Buildings.    Estimates  Made. 

ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  SUPPLIES.  ~ 

ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  SUPPLIES. 

ELECTRIC  MEUCHANDISE  Co., 
11  Adams  St.,  Chicago. 
_  Send  for  Catalogues. 

ENGINES. 

RICE  &  WHITACRE  MFG.  CO. 

Engines,  Boilers,  Steam   Pumps,   Pulleys,    Belting, 

Steam  and  Hot-Wator-Heating  Apparatus, 

St*«m  Generators  and  Farm  Boilers. 

47  and  49  S.  Canal  Street,  Chicago. 


ENGINEERS. 


SAMUEL  G.  ARTINGSTALL,. 

Civil  and  Hydraulic  Engineer. 

28  Rialto  Building,  Chicago. 

FIREPROOFING  FOfilsUILDING. 

POROUS  FIREPROOFING. 

ILLINOIS  TERRA  COTTA  LUMBER  Co. 

Office  606  Tacoaia  Building,       -      Chicago. 

Telephone  28J.         Works  at  Pullman. 

FOLDING  BEDS. 

A.  H.  ANDREWS  &  CO. 
215  Wabash  Avenue.Chicago. 

Manufacturers  of 

Office  Furniture  and  Folding  Beds. 

Brass  and  Wire  Work. 

FURNACES  AMD  RANGES. 
MAGEE  FURNACE  CO. 

32  and  38  Union  Street,   Boston. 
Manufacturers  of  Furnaces,  Ranges,  Stoves,  etc. 

A.  A.  SPEAR,  Manager  Western  Branch. 
117  Beekman  Street,  86  Lake  Street. 

N.  Y.  Chicago. 

FURRIERS. 

WOLF  &  PERIOLAT  FUR  CO. 

67  Washington  St. 
CHICAGO. 

GUARANTEE  COMPANIES. 


iii 


THE  GUARANTEE  COMPANY  OF 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

Branch  Office  175  La  Salle  Street, 

Chicago. 

HATS,  CAPS  AND  FURS. 

II.  DUNLAP  &  CO. 

Under  Palmer  House, 

171  State  St., 

CHICAGO. 

/N  VESTMENTS. 

PEABODY,  HOUGHTEL1NG  &  CO. 
Choice  First  Mortgage  Loans 

on  Chicago  City  Real  Estate. 
59  Dearborn  Street. 

JEWELERS. 

C.  D.  PEACOCK, 
Jeweler  and  Silversmith, 

Diamonds  and  Precious  Stones. 
96-98  State  St.  N.  W.  Cor.  Washington. 


THE  BUYERS'  GUIDE — LEADING  HOUSES. 


Established  1«58. 

GILES,  BROTHER  &  COMPANY, 

State  &  Washington  Sts  , 

Chicago. 

METAL  ARTICLES. 

E.  P.  PEACOCK, 

Manufacturer  of  Metal  Articles. 

Benedict's  Combination  Trucks,  Hosiery,  Urabiella 
and  Cloak  Display  Stands.  Patent  Articles,  Luile 
Throttlar  Traps,  Automatic  Machinery,  Dye  making, 
•tc.  143-145  South  Clinton  St. 

MINERAL  WATERS. 

EDWIN  E.  HILLS,  Sole  Agent  for 

Lond  nderry  Lithia  Spring  Water  Co.,  and 

Lorenz  Reich's  Hungarian  Wines. 

(Room  204),  70  State  Street. 

MONUMENTS. 

THE  SMITH  GRANITE  CO. 

Westerly  R.  I. 

Specia'ty  Private  Monuments.  Fine  Carv- 
ing and  Statuary.        S.  A.  Young,  Mgr. 
104  Pullman  Buil  ling. 

NEWS  DEALERS. 

BRENTANO'S 

Publishe  s.  Booksellers,  Importers, 

News  Dealers,  Engraven  &  Stationers. 

204-20i>  Wahash  Avenue, 

Chicago. 

OLD  COINS  AND  POS  TAGE  S  TAMPS~ 


All  sorts  of  Old  Coins  ami  Postage 

Stamps  bought  ami  sold. 
Illustrated  Coin  Catalogue,  ten  cents. 

Stevens  is.  Company, 
69  Dearb.  rn  St.,  (.  hk-ago. 

PATENT  ATTORNEYS 

D.  H.  FLETCHER, 

PATENT  LAWYER. 

Solicitor  American  n  Foreign  Patents, 

4-i_'-404  Temple  Court, 
225  Dearborn  Street,        -  Chicago. 

DAYTON,  POOL  &  BROWN, 

Solicitors  of 

AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  PATENTS, 
215  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 

PHYSICIANS.    

DR.  J.  G.  TRINE'S 

Institute  of  the  MOVEMENT-CURE. 
For  circular  or  other  information,  please 

call  or  address— 
435  East  Randolph  St.,  Bet.  State  &  Wabash. 


PLATE  GLASS. 


GEORGE  F.   KIMBALL, 

Imp'r  of  Polished,  Plate  &  Window  Glass, 

Stained,  Art,  Co  ored,  Cathedial  Glass. 

Nos.  315  to  3'il  Wabash  Avenue, 
Opp.  Auditorium,  Chicago. 

PRESSED  BRICK  COMPANIES, 

TIFFANY  PRESSED  BRICK  COMPANY, 
M'f'rs  of  Plain,  Rock-Faced  and 

Ornamental  Pressed  Brick, 

In  Red,  Brown  and   Light   Shades 

No.  16i  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago. 

PUBLISHERS. 


CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE  PUBLISHING  CO. 
FANNY  M.  HARLEY,  Manager. 

Send  for  catalogue. 
87  Washington  St.,  Chicago. 


RUBBER  GOODS. 


THE  COLUMBIA   RUBBER  WORKS  CO 
Manufacturers  Agents, 

R.  'I'.  Whelpley,  Manager, 
159  and  161  Lake  St.,  Cor.  La  Salle, 
Chicago,  111. 

Mechuu.cal  Hose,  Belt.ng.  Packing, Tubing, 

Valves,  etc. 

Goods  to  order  a  Specialty. 

TeEGuTTA  PKKCHA  KI;KISKU  M'F'o.  CO. 

17'i  Lake  Street. 

SHIP-CHANDLERS    AND    SAIL   MAKERS. 

GEO.  B.  CARPENTER  &  CO., 
202  t »  208  So!  Water  Str.  et,  Chicago. 
Tent-,  Awnings,  and  Paulins,  Flays  and 
Banners, Yacht  Supplies,  Marine  Hardwar.-. 

SIGNS  OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS. 


MURRAY  &  CO., 

Randolph  and  Jefferson  Sts. 


SIGN  PAINTERS. 

C.  H.  HALLO  WELL  &  CO.. 

General  Sign  Contractors  anil  Out  Door  Advertisers. 
Office  Kooin  83, 185  Dearborn  Street. 

Works  Rear  of  3008  H  Cottage  Grove  Avenue. 
Telephone  4466. 


THE   BUYERS'  GUIDE — LEADING    HOUSES. 


SOAP  DIES  AND  PRESSES. 

CHRISTY  &  CO., 
Engravers. 

Printing  Plates  for  boxes. 
32  to  40  S.  Jefferson  Strett. 


SPOOL  COTTON  AND  THREAD  M'F'RS. 

MERRICK  THREAD  CO., 
Manufacturers  of  Merrick's  Best  Six  Cord 

Soft  Finish  Sp"Ol  Cotton. 

General  Western  Agency, 205 Fifth  Avenue, 

E.  A.  Still,  Manager.  Chicago. 


STATIONERS. 


Account  Books,  Stationery,  Good  Printing. 

THAYI.H  &  JACKSON  STATIONERY  Co. 

Formt-rly  Skeen  &  Stuart  Stationary  Co. 

215  and  i:47  State  St.,  near  Jackson. 

STEAM  PIPE  COVERING, 

MAGNESIA  SECTIONAL  COVERING. 
ALFRED  C.  KEMPER, 

Gen.  Western  Agent. 
208  and  210  Lake  Street. 

STENCIL  AND  STAMP  GOODS. 

C.  H.  HANSON, 

Engraving,  Stencils  and  Stamp  Goods. 
Rubber  Stamp  Supplies, 

Imported  Numbering  Machines,  &c. 

4i  Clark  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

SURGICAL  INSTRUMENTS 

SHARP  &  SMITH, 

M'f'rs  &  Imp't'rs  of  Surgical  instruments. 

Artificial  Limbs.  Elastic  Stoci-ings. 

Artificial  Eyes.    Veterinary  Instruments. 

73  Randolph  St.,  Chicago. 

TENTS,  AWNINGS,  AND  COVERsT 


MURRAY  &  CO., 

Randolph  and  Jefferson  Sts. 

TWINES  AND  CORDAGE. 

GEO.  R.  CARPENTER  &  CO., 
Best  Grades  and  Make  of  All  Kinds,— 

Mnu.llii  and  Sisal  Twines 

of  All  Kinds. 
202-.?T8So.  Water  St.,        -        -         Chicago. 


UPHOLSTERY  GOODS. 


AUG.  HEUER  &  SONS, 

W.holesale  Dealers  in 

Cabinet  Hardware  and  Upholstery  Goods. 
173  Randolph  Street,  Chicago,  111 

VENTILATORS. 

ANDREWS,  JOHNSON  &  CO. 
Ventilating  Contractors  and  manufacturers 

of  Sheet  Metal  Work. 
46-48  S.  Canal  St  ,  Chicago, 

WALL  PAPER. 

S.  A.  MAXWELL  &  CO., 
134  &  136  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago. 
Artistic  Wall  Paper. 

Fresco  and  Plain  Painting. 

WA  TCH  MAKERS  AND  JEWELERS. 

THE  SHURLY  CO. 

56  Randolph  St., 
CHICAGO. 

WHOLESALE  MILLINERS. 

EDSON  KEITH  &  COMPANY. 
Straw  Goods,    Ribbons,  Velvets.   Plushes, 
Silks,  White   Goods,  Embroideries,  Laces, 

Ladies'  Furnishings,  Yarns,  Etc. 
Wabash  Ave.  &  Monroe  St.,  Chicago. 

WHOLESALE  FURNITURE. 

KNAPP  &  STODDARD, 

WHOLESALE  FURNITURE-  Mill  Agents. 

The  Auditorium  is  one  of  the  many  Hotels 

we  have  furnished. 
267  &  ~'0'J  Wabash  Avenue. 

WOOD  CARPETS  AND  PARQUET  FLOORS. 

Wood  Carpets.  Wood  Mosaic,  Parquet  Bor- 
ders.   Inlaid  Floors,  Butcher's 

Boston  Polish. 
E.  B.  MOORE  &  CO., 

43  Randolph  Street. 

J.  DUNFEE  &  CO., 

104  and  .06  Franklin  Street. 

Plain  and  Ornamental  Hardwood  Floors, 

Wood  Carpets,  etc. 
Estimates  Furnished— Send  fur  Catalogue. 

WOOD   TURNINGS,  M'F'RS. 

M.  GARRISON, 

M'f'rs  of  WOOD  TURNINGS, 

Band  Sawing  and  General  Jobbing, 

200  &  a  X  S.  Clinton  Street, 

Chicago. 


BEST    AND       -       -       - 

MOST    LUXURIOUS. 


-       -       -       CATALOGUE    ON    APPLICATION       - 

GORMULLY  &  JEFFERY  MFC.  CO, 


RIDING    SCHOOL    ON    PREMISES. 

INSTRUCTIONS   FREE. 


FACTORY: 

North  Franklin 

and  Pearson  Streets, 

Chicago, 


BRANCHES: 

New  York, 
Boston, 

Washington. 


[joodricli  Transportation  Co., 


_ 

OODRICH  LINE 
STEAMERS 


OFFICE  AND  DOCKS,  Foot  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago. 
TWICE    DAILY    BETWEEN 


CHICAGO  AND  MILWAUKEE, 

REGULAR    TRIPS    TO 

CHICAGO,  Racine,  MILWAUKEE,  Sheboygan,  Manitowoc,  Carlton,  Kewaunee, 

Ahnapee,   Sturgeon    Bay,    Marinette,    Menominee,  Green    Bay,    Escanaba, 

Gladstone,     Fayette,    Garden    Bay,     Nahma,    Thompson,     Manistique, 

Ephraim,  Ellison  Bay,  Sister  Bay,  FishCreek,  Egg  Harbor,  Ludington, 

Manistee,  Pentwater,  Frankfort,  Grand  Haven,  Muskegon,  Etc. 
The   Cheapest  and  Most  Comfortable  way  to  reach   all  Central  and  Northern  Michigan   Pointi 

is   via  these  Steamers. 

The  new  Fp*t  Steel  Steamship  "  Virginia"  performs  the  day  seryice  between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  and 
nitrht  service  returning.  The  new  S.  8.  "Indiana"  and  Steamer  "Chicago."  making  the  night  run  from  Chicago 
to  Milwaukee  and  tho  morning  run  returning.  The  new  Steamships  "Atlanta"  and  "City  of  Racine,"  perform- 
ing the  daily  service  <m  the  Chicago,  Grand  Haven  &  Muskegon  1  me,  these  with  our  other  elepan'  steamships 
offerto  the  public  some  of  the  most  delightful  tuum  to  be  obtained  011  any  of  the  great  lakes,  with  a  service 
unequalled. 

NOTE— The  S.  S.  "VIRGINIA"  is  the  Finest  Passenger  Steamship  carrying  the 
American  Flag.  j^r-  SEND  FQR  FOLDERS  AND  CIRCULARS.  _S3 

A.  W.  GOODRICH,  Pres.  G.  HUBSON,  Gen.  Traffic  Manager. 

CHICAGO.  MILWAUKEE. 

/.  W.  GILLMAN,  Superintendent.  JOHN  SINGLETON,  Gen1 1  Passenger  Agent. 

CHICAGO.  CHICAGO. 


vi 


SWEET,  WALLACE  &  CO. 

The  Largest  and  Best  Assorted  Stock  of 

Qoods 


IN   AMERICA. 
"We   have   everything,   including 

KODAKS  AND   FILM. 

Developing  and  Printing  done  quickly.      Price  List  Free. 


215.  217,  219  &  221  Wabash  Av..  Chicago. 


Optieiaps  .... 


FIT   EYES  AT 


38  E.  MADISON  ST.,  CHICAGO. 


.  C.  RITCHIE.  F.  C.  SWETT. 

W.  E.  RITCHIE.  T    L.  SMEDES 

W.  C.  RITCHIE  &  CO., 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


PAPER  BOXES 


AND 


PAPER  CANS 

ESTABLISHED    1866. 

Factory:  S.  W.  Cor.  Green  and  Van  Buren  Streets, 

CHICAGO. 


In  our  factory  recently  built  at  the  corner  of  Green  and  Van 
Buren  Streets  we  have  greatly  increased  our  facilities  for  the  manu- 
facture of  everything  in  our  line. 

We  make  a  specialty  of  HIGH  GRADES  OF  SMALT,  BOXES  USED 
BY  THE  JEWELRY  AND  DRUG  TRADE,  and  of  FINE  FINISHED  AND 
ATTRACTIVE  BOXES  FOR  THE  BETTER  CLASS  OF  CONFECTIONERY 
TRADE. 

We  have  added  to  our  capacities  for  turning  out  our  Special- 
ties in  ROUND  WORK,  such  as  PAPER  CANS,  AXLE  GREASE  BOXES, 
MAILING  CYLINDERS,  ETC. 

In  the  general  line  of  paper  boxes,  such  as  SHOE  BOXES,  CANDY 
BOXES,  NECKWEAR  BOXES,  SHIRT  BOXES,  SOAP  BOXES,  MILLINERY 
BOXES,  SUIT  and  CLOAK  BOXES,  etc.,  we  are  ready,  as  we  have 
always  been,  for  all  comers.  We  will  gladly  furnish  estimates  at 
lowest  prices  in  any  line  of  paper  boxes. 

By  our  increased  room  and  enlarged  capacities  we  can  hold 
out  SPECIAL  INDUCEMENTS  TO  LARGE  CONSUMERS,  and  can  guaran- 
tee that  all  orders  will  be  executed  with  promptness. 

TELEPHONE;  "WEST  "661. 
rii. 


-OF- 


NEW  YORK. 


RICHARD  A.   McCURDY,   President 

ROBERT  A.  GRANNISS,  Vice-Pres't. 

WALTER  R.  GILLETTE,  Gen'l   Manager. 


CASH  ASSETS,       -  $160,000,000 


CHARLES  H.  FERGUSON, 

General  Agent. 
TftGOMA  BUILDING,  CHICAGO 


BOGUE  &  CO., 

REflL  ESTATE  flGENGY. 

Rooms  203  to  209  Real  Estate  Board  Building, 
59  DEARBORN  STREET,  CHICAGO. 


We  have  constantly  on  hand  a  large  list  of  Business,  Residence 

and    Manufacturing   Property  to   which   we  invite  the 

careful  attention  of  Parties  seeking  Homes, 

or  Profitable  Investments. 


We  call  special  attention  to  our  subdivided   properties  in  New 
and  Thoroughly  Improved  Sections. 


THE  GRUNT  LOCOPIOTIVE  WORKS 

HDDITION  TO  CH1W 

Presents  exceptional  advantages  for  profitable  investment. 
This  property  is  situated  at  the  southwest  corner  of  West 
12th  street  and  Hyman  avenue — immediately  to  the  east 
of  the  Great  Locomotive  Works.  The  property  is  easily 
reached  by  the  suburban  trains  of  the  Chicago  and  North- 
ern Pacific;  and  street-car  lines  and  Electric  Railways  are 
planned,  and  it  is  expected  will  be  completed  to  this 
property  during  the  early  summer  of  1892. 


E.  HUNTINGTON  PRATT.  EDWARD  S.  ELY.  JACOB  C.  PRATT. 

PRATT  *  ELY, 

REAL  ESTATE  AGENTS, 

132  LA  SALLE  ST. 
TELEPHONE,  "MAIN  5333."  CHICAGO, 


WE  take  full  charge  and  management  of  Chicago  and 
adjacent  Real  Estate.  Making  sales,  rentals,  insur- 
ance, and  attending  to  all  details. 

WE  make  a  specialty  of  carefully  answering  all  questions 
as  to  Chicago  and  suburban  Real  Estate. 

WE  are  doing  a  strictly  Commission  Business,  and  make 
Loans  upon  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate  upon  conserva- 
tive valuations. 

WE  can  always  place  capital  in  Safe  Loans  without 
expense  to  the  lender. 

WE  see  that  the  loans  are  protected  by  prompt  payment 
of  taxes,  and  keep  the  holder  of  loans  made  through 
us,  fully  informed  as  to  all  matters  regarding  security 
therefor. 

WE  invite  you  to  list  with  us  any  property  you  have  for 
sale  or  to  rent. 

PRATT  &  ELY, 

REAL  ESTATE  AGENTS 

132  La  Salle  St.,  CHICAGO. 


THE 

CHICAGO 

EVENING 

POST 

Makes  the  claim  that  it  is  the 
BEST  EVENING  NEWSPAPER 
that  Chicago  ever  had. 

It  is  pre-eminently  a  newspaper. 

It  has  the  best  and  fullest  telegraph 
service. 

It  prints  the  most  complete  and  accu- 
rate Market  Reports. 

Its  Society  and  Woman  Gossip  is  most 
attractive  and  pleasing. 

Its  Art,  Musical  and  Dramatic  features 
are  of  the  highest  character. 

Its  Literary  and  Miscellaneous  Matter 
is  of  the  very  best. 

Its  Editorials  are  bright,  able  and  always 
to  the  point. 

It  is  independent  in  politics,  as  in  every- 
thing else. 

Its  typographical  appearance  is  excelled 
by  no  newspaper  ON  EARTH. 

You  can  verify  all  of  the  above 
statements  by  calling  a  news- 
boy and  buying  a  copy  of  The 
Chicago  Evening  Post.  You  will 
then  become  a  regular  reader. 

THE  CHICAGO  EVENING  POST  CO., 

JAMES  W.  SCOTT,  President, 

164  and  166  Washington  Street 

Zii 


PHILETUS  SAWYER,   President.  JAMBS   B.  GOODMAN,  Secretary. 

EDGAR  P.  SAWYER,  Vice-President.  WM.  O.  GOODMAN,  Treasurer. 


Sawyer-Goodman  Co., 

LUMBER  MANUFACTURERS  »•  DEALERS 

Lumber  and  Shingle  Mills  at  Menekauue,  WIs. 

MOUTH    OF    THE    MENOMINEE    RIVER. 

Wholesale  Yards,  500  Lumber  Street,  Chicago. 


The  situation  of  our  Chicago  Yards  enable  us  to  make  very  PROMPT 
SHIPMENTS  over  any  road  connected  with  railroad  system  of  Chicago. 
We  desire  to  call  especial  attention  to  SHINGLES  of  our  own  manu- 
facture. The  grades  are  uniformly  good,  and  deservedly  enjoy  a  high 
reputation.  A  large  proportion  of  our  stock  is  always  in  excellent  shape 
for  pound  shipments.  We  now  have  in  pile  a  large  and  finely  assorted 

stock  of  DRY  LUMBER,  which  we  offer  the  trade  at  market  rates. 
• 
We  have  NO  SPECIALTIES,  and  aim  to  furnish  anything  and  everyv 

thing  usually  handled  by  Lumber  Dealers. 

General  Office,  107  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


Menominee  River  Pine  Lands  and  Stumpaoe  For  Sale. 


.    THE 


Tnroiiflh  Gar  Route 


BETWEEN   CHICAGO   AND   PRINCIPAL   POINTS   IN 

ILLINOIS,  IOWA,  WISCONSIN,  NORTHERN    MICHIGAN,  MINNE- 
SOTA,    THE    DAKOTAS,    NEBRASKA,    COLORADO, 
WYOMING,    UTAH,    IDAHO,    NEVADA, 
OREGON,    CALIFORNIA. 


SOLID  VESTIBULED  TRAINS  .    .    . 

Between  Chicago  and    St.  Paul,   Minneapolis,  Council 
Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver  and  Portland. 


THROUGH    SLEEPING    CARS    .    .    . 

Between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Duluth. 
Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Sioux  City,  Denver,  Portland 
and  San  Francisco. 


FREE  RECLINING  CHAIR  CARS  .    . 

Between  Chicago  and  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,   Denvei 
and  Portland. 


SUPERB  DINING  CARS 


Between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  St.  Paul,  Minneapo- 
lis, Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver,  Portland  and  Cali- 
fornia Points. 


ALL  AGENTS  SELL  TICKETS  VIA   .    .   . 

THE   NORTH  WESTERN. 

W.  H.  NEWMAN,  J.  M.  WHITMAN,  W.  A.  THRALL, 

Third  Vice-President.  General  Manager.  Gen.  Pass,  and  Ticket  Agent. 


Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway. 


Electric  Lighted  and  Steam  Heated  Vesti- 
buled  Trains,  with  Westinghouse  Air  Signals 
between  Chicago,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis, 
daily. 

Through  Parlor  Cars  on  day  trains  between 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis. 

Electric  Lighted  and  Steam  Heated  Vesti- 
buled  trains  between  Chicago,  Council  Bluffs 
and  Omaha,  daily. 

Through  Vestibuled  Sleeping  Cars,  daily, 
between  Chicago,  Butte,  Tacoma,  Seattle  and 
Portland,  Ore. 

Solid  trains  between  Chicago  and  principal 
points  in  northern  Wisconsin  and  the  Penin- 
sula of  Michigan. 

Daily  trains  between  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  Kansas  City  via  the  Hedrick  Route. 

Through  Sleeping  Cars,  daily,  between  St. 
Louis,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis. 

The  finest  dining  cars  in  the  world. 

The  best  Sleeping  Cars.  Electric  Reading 
Lamps  in  Berths. 

6,100  miles  of  road  in  Illinois,  Wisconsin, 
northern  Michigan,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Mis- 
souri, South  Dakota  and  North  Dakota. 

Everything  first-class. 

First-class  people  patronize  first-class  lines. 

Ticket  Agents  everywhere  sell  tickets  over 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Rail- 
way. 


Quick 
Durable 


REMINGTON 

TANDARD 


JpYPEWRjTER 

Every  improvement  that  the  high- 
est order  of  mechanical  ability  can 
devise,  or  capital  and  business  en- 
terprise obtain,  will  be  incorporated 
in  the  REMINGTON.  Its  future 
policy,  like  its  past  history,  will  be 
one  of  constant  progress. 

WYCKOFF,  SEAMANS  &  BENEDICT, 

175  Monroe  St.,  CHICAGO,  ILL 


xvi 


SEE  NEXT  PAGE. 
See  also  "  Whiting,  Indiana,"  under  "  Outlying  Chicago  "  in  this  Volume. 


xrii 


STflNDflRD  OIL  GOMFflNY'S  TOWN 


WHITINGS,  INDIANA 

Two  Ipleg  Ffom  the  Eagtoi]  Limitg 
of  the  CitiJ  of  Chicago, 


The  undersigned  will  make  unusually  liberal  terms  with  manufac- 
turers at  this  remarkably  favored  place.      Splendid  sites  for 
manufacturing  purposes   on    the  banks  of  Lake   Michigan. 
Three  of  the  leading  Eastern  lines  of  railroads  from  Chi- 
cago pass  through  it;    and  the  Chicago  &  Calumet 
Terminal  Railway  connects  there  with  them.     For 
cheap  fuel  and    railway  connection    it   stands 
unrivaled.     Commands  a  never-failing  sup- 
ply of  water  from  Lake  Michigan.     Fine 
sites  on  the  lines  of  the  four  leading 
railroads  for  manufacturing  pur- 
poses at  and   near  the  rapidly 
growing  town  of  Whitings. 

TWO  SUBDIVISIONS  LAID  OUT  IN  LOTS. 


APPLY  TO 

JftGOB  FORSYTH,  flsromy  GHIGflGO 

xviU 


PLANKINTON  HOUSE 


MILWAUKEE. 


Lending  Hotel  of  He  NorMest! 


Large,  comfortable  rooms,  well  furnished,  hot  and  cold  water,  ample  bath  rooms, 
FIFTY  LARGE  SAMPLE  ROOMS  (for  the  commercial  traveler),  COM- 
FORTABLE COMMUNICATING  ROOMS,  suitable  for  families,  well 
lighted  and  ventilated.  Large  Reading  and  Writing  Rooms.  Telegraph  and 
Long  Distance  Telephone  in  the  house.  Competent  Stenographer. 

The  country  adjacent  to  Milwaukee  is  picturesque,  and  the  scenery  unsur- 
passed. Parties  desiring  to  get  away  from  the  crush  and  excitement  of  the 
Exposition,  would  do  well  to  come  to  Milwaukee,  which  they  can  do  in  two 
hours,  on  a  smooth  road  bed  and  comfortable  cars,  by  twenty  trains  per  day,  via 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway  and  Chicago  &  North-Western  rail- 
way. Our  rates  are  reasonable,  being  from  $2.50  to  $5.00  per  day,  accord- 
ing to  location  of  rooms.  For  particulars  apply  to 

A.  L.  CHASE,  Manager, 


I.  A.  HARTM AN  &  CO 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  LOANS, 


ooncis 

(OPERA  HOUSE  BUILDING.) 


WE    HAVE  TWO   SUB-DIVISIONS 

at 


at  Soutt?  Jteruey. 


SELLING  LOTS  FROM  $150.00  TO  $400.00. 

$25  Cash,  Balance  $5  Monthly. 


Also,  Large  List  of  Improved  and  Unimproved  City  Property.     FREE 
TICKETS  to  parties  desiring  to  visit  property. 


MORGAN  PARK  — 

CHICAGO'S  LEADING  SUBURB. 

THE  LOCATION  OF  THE  PREPARATORY 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  CHICAGO  UNIVERSITY. 

TrfE  ARISTOCRATIC  RESIDENCE  AND 
EDUCATIONAL  CENTER  OF  THE  SOUTH  SIDE. 

BUSINESS  PROPERTY  NEAR  THE  STATION  AND  CHOICE 

RESIDENCE  LOTS  IN  ALL  PARTS  OF  MORGAN  PARK. 

.  .  ACRES  A  SPECIALTY  .  . 

Loans  Negotiated.    Houses  Built. 

B.  F.  GLfVRKE, 

ROOMS  409  A  D  410.  218  La  Salle  St.,  CHICAGO. 

8.  E.  WOOD.  JAS.WOOD.  E.  A.  WOOD-  R.  NASH 

WOOD  BROTHERS, ' 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS. 

FOR  THE  SALEOFALL  KINDS  OF 

LIVE  STOCK. 


Branch  House: 
Union  Stock  Yards.    So.  Omaha,  Nebraska. 

TELEPHONE  No.  YARDs-548.  ESTABLISHED  1867. 

xxi 


DALE  &  SEMPILL 


SUCCESSORS  TO  WM.  M.  DALE. 


COR.  CLARK  AND  MADISON  STS.,  CHICAGO. 

ManylaGturiiiQ  Chemists,  and  Pharmacists. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


FINE  CHEMICALS.  PURE  DRUGS.  PERFUMERY. 


TOILET  REQUISITES,  ETC. 


Manufacturers  of 

O'Hara's  Asthma    Remedy,    .Toilers'   Bronchial   Cigarettes,    Jeffers'  French  Catarrh  Care, 

Stevens'  .*  ll-lik-ht  Corn  Salve,  Christ  ihiin's  Diarrhoea  Remedy,  Dale's  Chlorodyne 

Cough  Mixture,  "  Edina  "  Cologne,  Kirk  wood's  No.  1  Cologne,  etc. 


Wholesale  Agents  for 
Coutts'  Acetic  Acid,  Foreign  Proprietary  Medicines,  Castaliau  and  Massanetta  Waters. 


ALL  NOTED  MINERAL  SPRING  WATERS  ON  DRAUGHT. 


VICTOR   COLLIAU, 

MECHANICAL  EMQINEE^  AflD  ARCHITECT 

INVENTOR  AND  SOLE  BUILDER  OF  THE 

PATENTED  HOT  BLAST 
GOLLIAU  CUPOLA 

And  Automatic  Feed  Smokeless  Boiler. 


287  JEFFERSON  AVENUE 


DETROIT,     MICH. 

xxii 


UNION  NATIONAL  BANK 

OF    CHICAGO. 

NORTHEAST  CORNER  LA  SALLE  AND  ADAMS  STREETS. 


PAID-UP  CAPITAL,  $2,000,000.    .   .   SURPLUS,  $700  000. 


A  REGULAR  BANKING  BUSINESS  TRANSACTED. 


Accounts   of   Banks   and    Bankers,    Mercantile    and    Manufacturing   Firms    or 
Corporations  Received  on  Favorable  Terms. 


FOREIGN  EXCHANGE  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD. 


Commercial    and    Travelers'    Credits,    Available    in    Europe    and    the    United 

States,   Issued.     Telegraphic  Transfers  Made  with  All  Principal 

European  and  Domestic  Points. 


J.  J.  P.  ODELTi,  President.  DAVID  KELLEY,  Vice-Pres. 

W.  0.  HIPWELL,  Asst.  Cashier.  AUGUST  BLUM,  Cashier. 


DIRECTORS. 

C.  R.  CUMMINGS  Chicago.  J.  H.  Barker,  of   Haskcll   &  Barker  Car  Co., 
S.   K.    MARTIN,   of   S.    K.  Martin  Lumber  Co.,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 

Chicago.  DAVID  KELLEV,  of  Kelley,  Maus  &  Co.,  Clii- 

O.  C.  BARBEK,  President  Diamond  Match  Co.  cago,  Wholesale  Hardware. 

D.  B    DEWEY,  Late  Pres.,  Am    Ex.  Nat.  Bank.  S.  B.  BARKER,  of  S.  B.  Barker  &  Co.,  Chicago, 
H.  N.  MAY,  of  Corbin,  May  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Lumber. 

Wholesale  Grocers.  J.  J.  P.  ODKLL,  President. 


Collections  on  All  Accessible  Points  Carefully  Made  and  Promptly 
Accounted  For  on  Equitable  Terms. 


SOLICITED. 

xxiii 


UNDER    STATE    SUPERVISION. 


PIILWPKEE  fiVEUDE  STATE 

Successor  io  PAUL  0.  STENSLAND  &  CO., 

DOES  A  GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINESS. 

Solicits  the  accounts  of  Merchants,  Manufacturers  and  Trades- 
men. Receives  Savings  Deposits  and  pays  4-  per  cent,  interest, 
compounded  quarterly.  Sells  Drafts  and  Money  Orders  on 
Europe  at  lowest  rates.  Loans  Money  on  Improved  Chicago 
Real  Estate. 


For  the  convenience  of  Investors  this  Bank  carries  at  all 
times  from  $200,000  to  $300,000  in 

CHOICE  MORTQAQKS 

on  Improved  Chicago  Real  Estate,  which  it  offers  for  sale 
at  par  and  accrued  interest.  These  loans  are  made  from 
the  funds  of  the  Bank  on  conservative  valuations,  after 
careful  investigation  of  titles  and  the  collection  of  interest; 
renewal  of  insurance  policies  and  payment  of  taxes  (if  neglected 
by  owner)  are  attended  to  by  the  bank  during  life  of  loans 

FREE    OF    CHARGE. 


CHICAGO. 


Connected  with   the   Bank  and  accessible  through   the  Banking  rooms  only  are 
the  Fire  and  Burglar  Proof  Vaults  of   the 

MILWAUKEE  AVENUE  SAFE,  DEPOSIT  COMPANY, 

where    private    boxes    for    safekeeping    of    documents  and  other  valuables  are 
rented  at  moderate  rates. 

PAUL  O.  STENSLAND.  ANDREW  C.  L  AUSTEN.  CHAS.  E.  SCHLYTERN. 

PRESIDENT.  VICE-PRES  DENT.  CASHIER. 


BANKERS. 

116  AND  118  LASALLE  STREET,  CHICAGO. 

MAKE  LOANS  ON  IMPROVED  CHICAGO  REAL  ESTATE  A  SPECIALTY. 
A  GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINESS  TRANSACTED. 

INVESTMENT  SECURITIES,  BONDS,  ETC.,  FOR  SALE. 
Issue  Drafts  on  all  parts  of  Europe  and  Letters  of  Credit. 


F.  H.  WHITE,  TELEPHONE  681.  QEO.  c.  WHITE,  JR., 

PRES'T.  SEC'Y  AND  TREAS. 

PHENIX  LUMBER  CO., 
HJLRID'WOOD     LUMBER 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 

Office,  Dock  and  Yard:  North  Canal  St.,  Foot  of  Seventeenth  St. 

Office,  Dock  and  Yard:  South  Canal  St.,  First  Ave.  and  East  St., 

Pine  in  Car  Load  Lots.  MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 


EGGLESTON,  MflLLETTE  X  BROWNELL, 
REflU  ESTflTE>>MORTGftG&  B/M&RS. 

OWNERS  OF  EGGLESTON  AND  AUBURN  PARK  REALTY. 

CHOICE  SUBURBAN  PROPERTY  A  SPECIALTY. 


-ALSO- 


STREET  CONTRACTORS. 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

CRUSHED  STONE,  CONCRETE  STONE,  Etc. 

Particular  attention  piven  to  building  MACADAM  ROADS,  DniVESand  BOULEVARDS. 
Will  take  the  entire-contract  for  Platting  and  Putting  in  ALL  Improve- 
ments in  New  Subdivisions. 

Offices:    Room  2O7,  Tacoma  Building.    Telephone  44. 

Room  6OO,  Royal  Insurance  Building.    Telephone  1  6O2. 


A  STRICTLY  FIRST-CLASS 

European  Hotel. 

CUISINE  UNSURPASSED.  LOCATION  UNEQUALLED. 

At  the  head  of  the  Grand  Boulevard  system,  and  still  within  six  blocks  of  the 

Custom  House,  Post  Office,  Board  of  Trade,  Wholesale 

and  Retail  Centers. 

GAGE  HOTEL  COMPANY 

ALBERT  S.  GAGE,  Pres.  PROPRIETORS. 

Wabash  Ave.,  Cor,  Jackson,  Chicago, 


PIONEER    BUGGY    COMPANY, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


"GOOD" 

BETTER" 

"BEST" 


BUGGY 


$55.00 
65.OO 
75.OO 


GOOD      D  I  1  PI  C  T  A  LI   S85.00 

rnnb  I  ON  ,sss 


GUARANTEED  THOROUGHLY  IN   EVERY   PARTICULAR. 
CATALOGUE  FREE. 


We  will  ship  any  style  to  any  address,  subject  to  examination  before  paying. 
To  be  returned  to  us  at  our  expense  if  not  satisfactory. 


Our  "Best"  Buggy  is  not  a  cheap  Buggy,  but  is  a  first-class,  thoroughly  reliable  vehicle 
at  an  extremely  low  wholesale  price. 

Our  Warranty  goes  with  every  one  of  them,  which  is  good  for  one  yeir  from  date  of 
purchase.  It  is  trimmed  with  either  30  ounce  Indigo  Dyed  Cloth,  (All  Wool,)  or  Fancy 
Leather.  If  pole  is  wanted,  add  $0  50  to  the  above  price.  You  take  no  risk  in  sending  us 
your  order,  as  we  have  enough  confidence  in  this  Buggy  to  ship  it  subject  to  your 
approval.  Don't  write  tp  ask  if  we  will  sell  three  or  four  at  a  reduction.  There  is  no 
reduction  of  any  kii^d  to  be  made  from  the  above  price,  no  matter  how  large  the  quantity 
In  ordering,  be  particular  to  state  whether  you  wish  the  End  Spring  or  the  Brewster 
Spring;  and  whether  you  wish  the  Wide  or  Narrow  Track;  or  Cloth  or  Leather  Trimmings 
We  paint  gears  green,  carmine  yellow  or  black,  as  preferred. 


PIONEER  BUGGY  CO., 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO,  U.  S.  A. 


CAPACITY  100  FINISHED  VEHICLES  DAILY. 

xxvii 


THE 


-TO- 


CHICAGO. 

ZEIDITZO^T. 


TO  BE  ISSUED 

JANUARY,    1893: 

REVISED   AND   CORRECTED   UP   TO 


TJiis  will  be  the  HANDSOMEST  BOOK  ever  published  in  Chicago^ 

and  the  GREATEST  ADVERTISING  MEDIUM 

ON  EARTH. 


In  Body  of  Book,  per  page $5OO.OO 

In  Front  of  Book,  per  page \ 3OO.OO 

In  Back  of  Book,  per  pnge 2OO.OO 

CONTRACTS  FOR  POSITION  ZHOILD  BE 
MADE  WITHOUT  DELAY. 


THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  COMPANY, 

358  DEARBORN  ST..  CHICAGO,  U.  S,  A, 


ANDREWS' "GEM  "FOLDING  BED. 


THE  ONLY  BED  MADE  WITH 


Special  Provision  for 

Ventilation, 
Cleaning  and 
Easy  Moving. 


No  Bugs 

No  Dirt. 

No  Breakage. 


Elegant  Designs. 
Moderate  Prices, 
Occupies  Small  Space. 


OPKN    FOB   DUSTING.     NO.  1. 


ADTANTAGES  OYER  ANT  AND  A*1,L 
OTHERS. 

1.  Any  lady  or  child  can  easily  open  it,  as 
represented  in  cut  i,  for  cleaning. 

2.  Or  they  can  take  it  apart  for  moving. 

3.  While     its    length     when     opened     is 
GREATER  than  any  other  bed,  when  closed 
its  HEIGHT  is  8  inches  less. 

4.  It  is  the  BEST  ventilated  of  all  Folding 
Beds. 

5.  It  ffas  in   its    base  a  very  large   box 
extremely  useful  night  or  day. 

6.  It  is  fitted  with  our   adjustable  cable 
spring,  unequaled    for  comfort,  simplicity 
and  durability. 

We  are  Sole  Manufacturers  and  Guar- 
antee Satisfaction. 

Made  in  Birch,  Oak,  Walnut  or  Mahog- 
any. See  samples  and  get  our  catalogue. 
We  also  manufacture  fine 


Bank  Fittings. 
Commercial  Furniture. 
Office  Desks. 
Fine  Brass  and  Wire  Work. 


School  Furniture. 

DESKS. 
GLOBES. 
CHARTS. 
MAPS. 

BI-ACK 

BOARDS.-,.  -  , 

Etc.,  Etc. 


Office  Chairs,  Desks,  Etc. 


Church  Chairs 

Largest  Variety, 

Plain  or  Upholstered. 

$5O,OOO.OO  worth  like  cut 

furnished 

CHICAGO  AUDITORIUM. 
Pulpits,  Pulpit  Chairs,  Ac. 

A.  H.Andrews  &  Co. 

215WabashAve.,  Chicago. 


WEAK,  NERVOUS,  OR   IN   PAIN 

From  some  long-standing  ailment,  or  fed  that  your  constitution,  (nervous  system)  is  fail- 
ing, or  that  some  i  IHiction  has  taken,  or  is  taking,  permanent  bold  of  you,  which  you 
have  been,  and  are  still,  unable  to  throw  off  or  control,  whether  in  the  first  or  last  stage— 
REMEMBER  THAT  DR.  GREGG'S  ELECTRIC  HKLT  AND  APPLIANCES  AND  SYS- 
TEM OF  HOME  TREATMENT  WILL  CI7KE  YOU. 

No  meUical  or  other  mode  of  Electric  Treatment  <-an  8t  all  compare  with  them. 
Thousands  ot  women  who  suffered  for  y  ars  with  complaints  pei-uliar  to  sex,  have  been 
completely  and  permanently  restored  to  h  alth.  No  fewer  men  have  also  been  cured. 

Electric  Treatment  (or  diseases  sugg-  sted,  properly  applied,  is  perfect  and  has  no  good 
substitute.  The  Gregg  Electric  Belt  and  appliances  are  the  only  ones  in  existence  that 
supply  a  perfect  mode  of  application. 

The  Gregg  E  ectrir.  Koot  Warmer,  price  $1.00,  keeps  the  feet  warm  and  dry  and  is  the 
only  ge  nine  Electric  Insole. 

1'eople  who  have  paid  their  money  ami  been  cured  can  tell  you  what  lias  been  done  for 
them  in  a  way  that  will  convince  you.  Complete  catalogue  of  testimonials,  pric  -s,  etc., 
6c.  Circular  free.  Address -THE  GUEGG  ELliCTUlC  CUKE  CO.,  Suite  iOl  Inter 
Ocean  Bldg.,  Chicago,  111. 

J.  A.  &  S.  G.  HAIR, 

REAL   ESTATE  AND  LOAN 

BROKERS. 


REAL  ESTATE  INVESTMENTS,  CARE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF 
PROPERTY.    99  YEAR  LEASES  NEGOTIATED. 


WEST  SIDE,  SOUTH  SIDE  AND  CENTRAL  BUSI- 
NESS PROPERTY  A  SPECIALTY. 

Room  408,  Chamber  of  Commerce,  S.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Washington  Sts. 


LIGHT  GRAY  IRON  CASTINGS, 

For  all  Purposes  Manufactured  by 

KURTZ  BROS.  &  BUHRER, 

832,  834,  836,  838    and  84O  Austin  Avenue,  CHICAGO. 

JAPANNING, 

GALVANIZING, 
LIGHT  MACHINE  WORK 

and  METAL  PATTERNS 


•Mtf 


I    .."'  •  '» 

'•  «  U ,"'  >*' 

\\  .in  '••  -  J  -'.x"^~- ,- 


ESTABLISHED  IN  1869. 


TO  ORDER. 

To  reach  Factory,  take  C.  &  N. 
W.  11.  R.,  C.  M.  &  St  P.  R.  R  ,  C. 
P.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.,  Lake  Street 
Elevated  R.  R.,  or  Lake,  Randolph 
and  Indiana  Street  Cars,  to  Oakley 
Avenue. 


THE  :REU6:  HOUSE, 

900  flortty  <s?larK  Street. 


BUILT  OF  MATERIAL  TAKEN  FROM  THE  CHICAGO  FIRE. 


THE  ONLY  INTERESTING  RELIC  REMAINING  OF  THE 
FATAL  OCTOBER  9  Til,  1871. 


REFRESHMENTS  OP  ALL  KINDS  SERVED  BY  POLITE  WAITERS,  ETC,,  ETC. 

WM.  LINDEMANN,  PROP. 


SEE  ILLUSTRATION  IN  BODY  OF  BOOK. 

xxxi 


ESTABLISHED    1863- 


ARCHITECTS  AND  ENGINEERS. 

WE  CONTRACT  FOR  COMPLETE  PLANTS 

Breweries,  Malt  Houses,  Distilleries  and 
Elevators 

A    SPECIALTY. 


3O3-311  S.  CANAL  STREET,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

TKB  JUNE    IST,    '92.    241    TO   249    S.  JEFFERSON   ST..   COR.   LAW  AVE. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IV 


ENGINES.  BOILERS,  STEAM  AND  AIR  PUMP  HEATERS. 


A  Full  Line  of  Power  Transmitting  Machinery. 

General  and  Special  Machinery  Built  and  Designed  to  Order. 


ANSON  L.  HOPKINS,  Pres't  and  Gen'l  Man.     B.  E.  SUNNY,  Vice  Pres't.    J.  6.  SANBORN,  Sec'y  and  Trea  s 

HeitfiJ  Dibblee  Company, 

DESIGNERS,  IMPORTERS,  and  MANUFACTURERS. 

ENGLISH  CERAMIC  MOSAICS,  MANTELS,  GRATES,  AND  TILES. 

Fine  Special  Furniture  and  Interior  Work. 

SALESROOMS,  AND  FACTORY  149  AND  150  MICHIGAN  AVENUE, 

Formerly,  266  and  268  Wabash  Ave.,  CH  ICAGO. 


xxxii 


.*?!     CHICAGO  ATHEN/EUM,     !.M.a 

"THE  PEOPLE'S  COLLEGE," 

New  Athenaeum  Building,  1  8  to  26  Van  Buren  St. 

Is  choicely  and  centrally  located  near  the  Lake  Front,  has  all  modern  improvements 
and  the  great  advantages  of  abundant  light  and  good  ventilation. 

The  Athenaeum  maintains  a  high  standard  in  its  education  il  work,  employs  29  teachers, 
and  has  day  sessions  all  the  year,  and  evening  classes  for  nine  moni  lis. 

Pupils  may  enter  at  any  time  without  examination,  and  receive  individual  instruction. 

THE  "PEOPLE'S  COLLEGE"  COMPRISES 

A      SCHOOL    OF    HIGHER     MA  THEM  A  TICS,     ARCHITECTURAL 
AND   MECHANICAL  DRA  WI.  \GA  ND  CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 
BUSINESS,  GRAMMAR  AND  MUNSON  SHORT-HAND  SCHOOLS. 
FRENCH,  GERMAN,  SPANISH,  LA  TIN,  AND  GREEK'. 
CLASSES    IN      WOOD-CARVING     UNDER     A  .V     EXPERIENCED 
TEACHER. 

ELOCUTION,    ORATORY   AND     PARLIAMENTARY    PRACTICE, 
MUSIC. 


fine    Library  and   Reading  Room,   and    a  spacious  and  elegantly 
furnished  Gymnasium,  under  an  experienced  director  are  provided. 

ADDRESS  SUPERINTENDENT  FOR  CATALOGUE. 


323   TO   333    SO.    CANAL    STREET. 

Catalogues  IF'ree— JDesxlers  'Vvr"arLtec3.— Call  ox 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


CHICAGO,  THE  MARVELOUS  CITY  OF  THE  WEST 


